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Stubbs Looks for a Fresh Start in Cleveland
During Spring Training the DTTWLN staff will profile and examine the coaches and players that make up and are vying to be part of the 2013 Cleveland Indians—A Team With A New Direction. Today, we examine one of the 15 newcomers to the 40-man roster this winter and the role they can play moving forward.
By Ronnie Tellalian
Drew Stubbs is one of the newest additions to the Cleveland Indians. He made a mark in the Majors with his speed and glove, but his bat has been an inconsistent tool. Likely to spend his time in right field, the Indians are hopeful that he can continue to shine defensively as well as make strides at the plate.
Stubbs came over to Cleveland from the Cincinnati Reds. He was part of the three team deal that sent Shin-Soo Choo sent to Cincinnati and brought Trevor Bauer to the Tribe. Stubbs wasn’t too sure what to think when he got the news he was traded to Cleveland.
“There were some mixed emotions,” Stubbs said. “I was drafted by Cincinnati and have been with them my entire career and I’d developed a lot of great relationships.”
Coming to Cleveland, however, was not a bad thing in Stubbs’ mind.
“There was a lot of excitement on my part, getting a fresh start with a new team,” Stubbs said.
Stubbs brings speed, great defense, and a little power to the Indians lineup, three things this team has lacked in recent years. For the offense, Stubbs in among several new faces. The Tribe also brought in infielder Mark Reynolds and outfielders Nick Swisher and Michael Bourn. Stubbs recognizes what the Indians have done to make this team better.
“It’s going to be an exciting year for our team and for our fans,” Stubbs said. “The Indians have really made a statement.”
The addition of Bourn means the Indians now have a surplus of defense at all three outfield positions. Manager Terry Francona has confidence in his defense-heavy trio.
“We have three center fielders in our outfield, which is very exciting,” new manager Francona said. “We are going to have one of the better outfields in all of baseball.”
There is a relatively new statistic called Ultimate Zone Rating, or UZR, that is used to measure defense. UZR is becoming one of the premier tools to judge a player or teams defensive abilities. ESPN is beginning to use UZR extensively. The statistic compares the event that actually happened (hit/out/error) to data on similarly hit balls in the past to determine how much better or worse the fielder did than an average player.
For a bit of context on UZR, a score of 0 is average; a score of 15 is gold glove caliber. In 2012, Indians starting outfielders combined for a UZR of -24.1, far below average. With the additions of Stubbs and Bourn, the two new Indians outfields combined for a 27.3 UZR in 2012, or just short of two gold glove quality seasons.
With Bourn in the mix, Stubbs, who has played center field his entire life, slides to one of the corner spots in the Indians outfield. The position change doesn’t phase Stubbs, he’s a team player.
“I’ve played center my whole life but I’ll do whatever I need to do to help us win,” Stubbs said.
Francona seconds that sentiment, and knows exactly how good his new outfielder is.
“I think it will take him about 10 minutes to adjust,” Francona said of Stubbs. “He’s too good of an outfielder.”
Stubbs will no doubt shine in the outfield, but his demons remain at the plate. He struck out 166 times in 2012 for a 30.5% strike out rate, nearly on par with notorious whiffers Reynolds and Adam Dunn. He complimented all those swings and misses with a career low .213 batting average.
He is very aware of his poor season and is excited for a new beginning.
“I’m coming off the toughest year of my career,” the beleaguered Stubbs said. “One of the reasons I was so excited about coming to Cleveland was to get a clean slate and a fresh start and put all that behind me.”
His batting average and high strikeouts are the biggest concerns for Stubbs moving forward. He feels last season was a slippery slope that never allowed him to recover. He hopes his new uniform will offer some relief.
“Last year I hit a mental rut, I went into a downslide and I was never able to get my feet back underneath me,” Stubbs said. “Putting the ball in play more is the main focus. I’ve rededicated myself to being the best player I can be.”
Photo: Chuck Crow/Cleveland Plain Dealer


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My period is late and i have white discharge
- 10 Things You Might See In Your Underwear & What They Mean
- Why do I have cramps, heavy discharge, and no period?
- 12 Signs You Might Be Pregnant
- Could You Be Pregnant If You Have Cramps, No Period, and White Discharge?
10 Things You Might See In Your Underwear & What They Mean
My Period is Late, But I'm Cramping!and and do you need steady hands to be a neurosurgeon
Pregnancy can be a roller coaster, to say the least, filled with new and sometimes totally weird physical developments. Your boobs alone can undergo seven changes during pregnancy , so you might be wondering how pregnancy affects everything else, including your vaginal discharge. If you were trying to conceive before getting pregnant , you might have kept close tabs on your discharge and how it changed during your menstrual cycle. One of the ways your vagina does that is by cleaning itself with discharge. Your discharge comes from a combo of egg white-esque mucus made by your cervix the low, narrow part of your uterus and fluids from your vagina, Dr. Shepherd explains.
Seeing white discharge before your period isn't totally random. The different colors and textures have to do with your hormones and what's going on inside your body at the time. If your period is late and you see spotting, it's a good idea to take a home pregnancy test. . Is It Normal to Have Discharge After My Period?.
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Pregnancy can trigger all sorts of changes in your body. Not all pregnant women experience the same symptoms. While some notice changes right away, others might not recognize the signs for weeks or even months. A missed period is usually the first and most obvious sign of pregnancy. Cramping is another common sign of pregnancy. The cramps may feel similar, possibly a little milder, to what you normally experience during your period.
She has the power to bear a child for months and sustain it long after birth through breastfeeding. Some changes that women experience can point to a positive pregnancy, but there are a few signs in their body that mean other things and may be mistaken for pregnancy. Sometimes, a woman might experience missed period negative pregnancy test cramping white discharge without a clear explanation. This can be nerve-racking for a woman whether she wants to have children or not. For women who are hoping to start a family, experiencing strange changes like a late period, white discharge, and cramping turns into disappointment when their home pregnancy test produces a negative result. You will also get answers to your most common questions about home pregnancy tests and your own fertility.
Having more vaginal discharge during pregnancy is common. Speak to your midwife or doctor if you are unsure about any increase or change in your vaginal discharge. If you have any vaginal bleeding at any time during your pregnancy contact your midwife. Any sign of blood, which may be red like if you cut your finger or dark brown like old blood needs to be checked straight away. Read more about bleeding in pregnancy.
Why do I have cramps, heavy discharge, and no period?
12 Signs You Might Be Pregnant
Emma Kaywin, a Brooklyn-based sexual health writer and activist, is here to calm your nerves and answer your questions. No gender, sexual orientation, or question is off limits, and all questions remain anonymous. Q: I had sex a couple weeks ago and the condom broke. We only figured it out after. When I talked to my friends about it a few days later, they told me I should have taken the morning after pill , but that now it's too late. Now my body is feeling all weird, and I'm totally stressed I might be pregnant Is there a way to know without going to the doctor?
Back to Pregnancy. To find out if you're pregnant, you can do a pregnancy test from the first day you miss your period. For more information, see Where can I get a pregnancy test? If you've had unprotected sex in the last 5 days and you do not want to be pregnant, you may be able to use emergency contraception. For more information, see Where can I get emergency contraception? If you have a regular monthly cycle, the earliest and most reliable sign of pregnancy is a missed period.
Most women experience a range of different types of discharge throughout their menstrual cycle. You may produce around a teaspoon of thick or thin, odorless mucus each day, and the color can change from white to clear to brown. The white discharge you may see before your period is known as leukorrhea. This part of your menstrual cycle is called the luteal phase. When estrogen is the dominant hormone, discharge tends to be clear, stretchy, or watery. Progesterone, on the other hand, turns mucus cloudy or white.
Could You Be Pregnant If You Have Cramps, No Period, and White Discharge?
Skip navigation! Story from Body. But for the rest of us, discharge is an almost daily occurrence. You just need to know how to read it. Related Stories.
Here at Ava, we take data—especially fertility and pregnancy data—very seriously. Our team is led by premier data scientists, obstetricians, gynecologists, and reproductive endocrinologists, many of whom hold Ph. Please confirm that you are a healthcare professional or researcher. I am interested in Ava for personal use. Leukorrhea is the medical term for normal vaginal discharge , and is usually thin, white, and harmless. It is normal in early pregnancy, but there can be instances where this fluid is a signal that warrants further medical attention.

domain: health


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So a politician just tried to ban sexting for anyone under the age of 18. Health secretary Jeremy Hunt was speaking to a committee on youth mental health when he proposed that social media companies stop the exchange of explicit images and texts between teenagers. They should use their magical technology, he thinks, to identify naughty images and stop them from being sent. If you think that sounds a little odd and maybe even technologically impossible, that’s because it is. Mr Hunt is rolling out this public policy idea with the authority of a middle-aged dad who’s just found out what an emoji is. Here it is straight from him: “There is a lot of evidence that the technology industry, if they put their mind to it, can do really smart things. For example, I just ask myself the simple question as to why it is that you can’t prevent the texting of sexually explicit images by people under the age of 18, if that’s a lock that parents choose to put on a mobile phone contract. Because there is technology that can identify sexually explicit pictures and prevent it being transmitted. “I ask myself why we can’t identify cyberbullying when it happens on social media platforms by word pattern recognition, and then prevent it happening? I think there are a lot of things where social media companies could put options in their software that could reduce the risks associated with social media, and I do think that is something which they should actively pursue in a way that hasn’t happened to date.” Perhaps, for a start, Mr Hunt could have asked these questions of an expert. Then he may have found out that his plan is not only morally fallible, but technologically unsound. Alas, Mr Hunt and his fellow politicians do not make a habit of listening to experts. They recently assembled a group of academics and teachers for an enquiry into Sex and Relationships Education (SRE). The panel’s strong recommendation was to implement compulsory SRE in schools, but politicians have declined to do that and refused funding for the program. That is to say, rather than making ill-considered suggestions about social media, the government could be empowering young people with information so they could safely make their own sexual decisions.
We need to understand the motivations behind sexting and create safe spaces to talk about it, not outright ban it
Professor Andy Phippin, a professor of social responsibility in IT at Plymouth University, gave evidence at the latest government enquiry into SRE. He is disturbed by the government’s inaction and misdirection. “We need to understand the motivations behind sexting and create safe spaces to talk about it, not outright ban it,” he said. “These comments from Jeremy Hunt come the day after the government refused to implement Sex and Relationships Education. It’s the fourth time they’ve conducted an enquiry and then ignored its advice, refusing to do anything. They slap their hands and say someone needs to do something. It’s they who need to do something.” Without proper SRE, teenagers are left to fend for themselves when it comes to technology, ethics, sex and the law. They’re left to set their own standards of behaviour and Google anything they’re too embarrassed to bring up with their parents. Many of them don’t even know that sharing explicit images of themselves is illegal under the 1978 Child Protection Act. An act, by the way, that hasn’t been updated since the invention of the internet. “Just talk to me about the number of 13-year-old lads who think the way to ask someone out is with a picture of their genitals,” says Andy. “Can we blame them for that behaviour, when they’re getting their sexual education from their peers? We need to talk to them about issues like consent, respect and boundaries – but kids are simply not being taught about any of that. It’s jaw dropping that we are still at this point.” Professor Jessica Ringrose, lecturer at the institute of education at the University College London and co-chair of the Gender and Education Association, agrees that Jeremy Hunt’s comments were deplorable. “I think it’s the government and the department of education offloading what is their responsibility,” she said. “Somehow now it’s social media’s responsibility? When did that happen? The levels of abuse and gender related violence in schools are horrific and yet, things like wellbeing, healthy relationships, consent and sexual health are not being taught there. They’re being sidelined. How many people have to get hurt and how many law suits have to happen before we give young people sexual literacy and education?"
Similarly to pornography, criminalising this doesn't make the problem go away, it simply brushes it under the carpet
So why is a politician advocating the outright ban of sexting between teenagers, when he could be enabling their education? How, in good conscience, could the government decline to fund SRE programs across the country? Jeremy Hunt and co. are not only ignoring experts, academics and teachers here; they’re ignoring teenagers as well. If Jeremy Hunt wants to protect young people from the dangers of the internet, he needs to understand them first. To do that, he could try talking to some real-life teenagers. There are plenty of perfectly articulate young people he could speak to – Rosa Tully, for instance. Rosa is the founder of Highgate Wood School Feminist Society, a Plan International UK advisor and intern at the Gender and Education Association. She’s 18 years old. “Blanket policies of this kind don't work,” she said. “This is a cultural problem, which can't just be 'banned'. Similarly to pornography, criminalising this doesn't make the problem go away, it simply brushes it under the carpet. It also raises the question of how they [the government] are going to enforce such a plan - surely they will have to be granted permission to view every Snapchat or message that gets sent. Surely it makes more sense to educate young people first, about the risks, the legalities and the political context that underpins 'sexting culture'. Additionally, it would seem that young women will bear the brunt of the process - as it is more often that young women are the ones sending pictures (often pressured to do so out of fear of being labelled a 'prude'). What needs to occur is compulsory, comprehensive sex education in schools across the country, taught by people who are confident, trained properly, with the necessary resources to equip young people with the knowledge they need to practise healthy relationships - which includes online and social media content.” Can someone fax that to Jeremy Hunt’s PA?

domain: news


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Stats ahead of Cardiff clashThis weekend's Sky Bet Championship clash with Cardiff City is set to bring up career milestones for Adam Federici and Alex Pearce.
The Royals regulars will make their 200th league starts for the club if selected against the Bluebirds, whilst Russian Pavel Pogrebnyak is in line for his 75th league start for Reading.
Federici and Pearce are the club's current leading appearance makers, with 470 games between them. The Australian goalkeeper leads the pack with 237 Reading appearances.
At the other end of the scale, new signings Nathan Ake and Kwesi Appiah could make their debuts, in what will be the 52nd league meeting between the two sides.
Honours are currently even in the head to head league results, with both sides having picked up 18 victories since they first met outside of the cup competitions in 1930.
Steve Clarke's men will be looking to pick up a first league win over the Welshmen since the famous 2005/06 season, when Steve Coppell's side twice fired five goals past their opponents as they completed the double over City.
To purchase tickets online for Saturday's clash click here.


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Alright. So I finally finished reading “From A to X: A Story in Letters” by John Berger and it was nice. It was not an awesome piece of writing or something to write home about, however it felt nice reading parts of it. What is it about? Well, it is about letters literally written from a wife to her husband who is in prison for being a part of a terrorist group for two life sentences. So she sets out writing him letters about the life she is leading, the daily ongoings in their town Suse, who died, who is living, about her work at the pharmacy and above all she keeps reminding him about their love.
It is a sparsely love story though. I wanted to know more about the characters. Their lives, their tales, their emotions, what they go through when a country is at war, when its men are imprisoned – I wanted to know it all and sadly this short book did not give me that insight.
The Lonely A’ida writes to Xavier (hence from A to X). We see Xavier’s notes made at the back of the letters which are of a political subtext and bits and pieces of his affection for his lover. There is so much longing in some of the sentences that I could not help but cry.
“Now I look down at my hands that want to touch you and they seem obsolete because they haven’t touched you for so long.”
“No other man is like you. Everything is made of the same stuff, and everyone is put together differently.”
There is a lot of caring in the book – almost to counter effect the cruelty and indifference of the world. This is the first fiction form that I am reading which is written by Berger. I have only read his essays and “Ways of Seeing” earlier. Berger sees keenly and pens what most writers according to me miss sometimes. For instance, when A’ida speaks of the neighbor, a young woman whose lover was hauled out of bed, taken to the river Zab and shot. Months later the same woman notices someone on television who bears an uncanny resemblance to her dead lover and this sighting more than the actual killing undoes her.
At the end of the day, while I closed the book and went to bed, I thought of A’ida and Xavier. Of how I wanted them to meet. And of how I did not. Because then there would be no magic left.

domain: literature


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Enjoy peace of mind with simple cancellation and optional travel insurance. Learn more >
Pro housekeepers clean thoroughly and provide fresh linens before every stay.
Count on 24/7 guest care and local teams everywhere we operate.
Smart locks or lockboxes at many homes offer smooth, contactless check-in.
Welcome to your home away from home in the wonderful Tangerine Terrace community of Mesa, Arizona! Sunny, bright, and fantastic for entertaining, this wonderful, ground-floor getaway boasts a sparkling, updated kitchen with stainless steel appliances, and two open and distinct living and dining areas with tables, chairs, comfortable sofas, and a large, TV for streaming your favorite movies and shows. Step out into the enclosed yard and discover a fun-filled space with a host of activities for all ages. Swim in your refreshing pool (unheated), practice on your very own putting green, or fire up the gas grill for the perfect family cookout!
This unbeatable vacation rental offers guests a great location just four miles from the heart of downtown Mesa. If you're a sports enthusiast, especially baseball, Mesa comes alive in the spring, when the Chicago Cubs train at Sloan Park, located seven miles west. Mesa is also widely known for its excellent golf courses, including the Alta Mesa Golf Club and the Longbow Golf Club. And though the city is in the middle of the desert, there’s no shortage of water activities including kayaking on the Salt River, or chartering a boat tour on Saguaro Lake, 24 miles northeast.
County permit number: RR-00377069
City/town permit number: LIC23-06307
State/province tax number: 21390484
You must be 21 years or older to rent this property.

domain: travel


Automated Optical Inspection (AOI), a non-destructive in-situ quality inspection of products at various process stages. Current AOI Capabilities are inner and outer layer artworks, epoxy via fill, laser blind vias, and automated 2D measurements. Inspections of inner and outer layers artworks that contain features under 25 um, including developed Photoresist. The laser blind vias and epoxy filled vias are inspected down to 50 um diameter holes. Automated 2D Measurements are capable to measure linewidth and spacing ranging from <25-900 um wide and with a +/- 5 um accuracy*. All Products and inspection types are inspected to comply with the appropriate IPC Class unless otherwise specified by customer. *Dependent on surface conditions.
When critical defects like opens, nicks, shorts, and protrusions are found at AOI, Automated Optical Shaping (AOS) is used to repair these types of defects. AOS contains an internal laser module that is capable of ablating or depositing copper to the specified defect locations. We employ AOS as allowed by the customer.


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A federal judge scolded the State Department Tuesday for being “lackadaisical” in processing the emails turned over by former Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton as well as messages and notes from other department officials.
Judge Rudolph Contreras said the department has had Mrs. Clinton’s emails since December, and he wondered why it is only now beginning to hire additional reviewers to go over her messages and the tens of thousands of other documents that are being sought as the Obama administration faces an avalanche of open-records requests concerning her time in office.
“This emergency is somewhat its own doing,” Judge Contreras told Justice Department lawyers arguing on behalf of the State Department in court. “The response has been lacking.”
Journalists and public interest groups have filed several dozen open-records requests concerning emails of Mrs. Clinton and her top aides, and the requests have intensified as her presidential campaign has developed.
Those requests are in addition to the already heightened workload the State Department says it’s seen in recent years.
The Justice Department lawyers said they’re working as fast as they can with the resources they have, and are trying to allocate reviewers to handle all of the requests in a fair way.
SEE ALSO: Bernie Sanders, Hillary Clinton cheer Obama appeal of immigration case
But journalist Jason Leopold, who brought one of the key Clinton email cases, is arguing the State Department has clammed up in recent years, forcing reporters to make open-records requests under the Freedom of Information Act for information that in the past would have just been released without having to make a formal request.
“There’s been a concerted effort to shuffle journalists — and this is certainly the case with Mr. Leopold — to the FOIA line,” his lawyer, Ryan S. James, told the judge.
Mrs. Clinton turned over 32,000 emails, stretching to 55,000 pages, last December, in response to prodding by the congressional probe into the 2012 Benghazi terrorist attack.
But because she turned over paper copies, the State Department said it spent the first five months translating those documents back into electronic versions so they could be entered into the department’s searchable computer system.
All of Mrs. Clinton’s emails are being released on a monthly rolling schedule under an earlier order from Judge Contreras. The final release is slated for the end of January. But department officials say a number of other requests have backed up in the meantime, including Mr. Leopold’s demand for a wide range of documents from other members of the secretary’s office.
That’s one of four open-records requests Mr. Leopold has pending with the department, and Judge Contreras said he’ll have to balance all of those requests to make sure Mr. Leopold, who writes for Vice News, an online investigative news site, doesn’t get an outsized share of government resources devoted to himself.
SEE ALSO: Hillary Clinton seeks to upgrade VA computer system to help fix wait-list issue
• Stephen Dinan can be reached at email@example.com.
Copyright © 2023 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission.
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Every professional displayed on Counselling Directory has been independently verified by our team to ensure they have suitable credentials to practise.
This professional is available for new clients.
This professional is available for new clients.
I provide confidential face-to-face and online counselling, please feel free to contact me.
I believe we all need counselling at some point in our lives. Do you need to talk and process what you are experiencing? Maybe you are struggling with difficult, unwanted thoughts and feelings. Are you feeling tired or struggling with anxiety and/or depression? Maybe you feel like you are walking through treacle or that there are uncomfortable memories form the past that keep popping up in your mind.
Whatever you are going through there really is HOPE! Now could be the right time for us to explore these thoughts and feelings together, to help you to make sense of them. I am here to listen and support you through this difficult time to enable you to discover new ways forward. I offer a confidential, warm, supportive, non-judgemental environment where you can feel free to explore your concerns to help you understand your feelings to bring change and a new perspective to your life.
I am a qualified Counsellor; I hold a BA (Hons) in Counselling, offering short- or long-term counselling, both day and evening sessions. I work with an integrative approach, which means I draw from many theories of counselling to suit individual needs. I feel passionate about the counselling process. Before starting my practice, I worked with many adults at a growing counselling charity in Basingstoke, and with young people age 16 and above at Alton College. My experience has covered a variety of ages and issues including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, bereavement, IVF, abuse, anger, drug and alcohol addiction, sexuality, and both physical and learning disabilities such as dyslexia.
Through this work, I have supported many people in different ways including helping them to understand why they may be thinking and feeling the way they do, assisting them to discover skills and strategies to enable them to build resilience. I have felt privileged to support, encourage, and walk alongside the highs and the lows of these incredible people and would be honoured to support you on your journey too.
We all experience difficult and painful times in our lives, which can feel extremely uncomfortable, distressing and challenging. Psychological and emotional distress are natural and understandable responses to these. Sometimes the way we feel can impact on our general well-being and affect our everyday lives and relationships. At these times, we may benefit from support in understanding and coping with how we are feeling, which can bring answers and a way forward.
I understand how difficult it may feel to consider exploring your feelings and experiences with a stranger and I can assure you that if you choose to work with me, I will walk your path with you with the greatest care, heartfelt compassion, understanding and most importantly, at your own pace.
My counselling room is situated in Four Marks in a comfortable, private room and is easy to get to with plenty of parking. My room is also in easy reach of Basingstoke, Bordon, Farnham, Hindhead, Lindford, Winchester and their surrounding villages and Towns.
Just contact me by text or click here to email me and I can answer any questions or worries you may have about counselling or arrange an initial appointment that is convenient for you.
I offer a Free 15-minute phone call to provide you with a chance to ask any questions you are uncertain about and enable you to get a sense if I am the right counsellor for you.
Training, qualifications & experience
- BA (Hons) Counselling – University of Roehampton
- Diploma of Higher Education - Counselling
- Critical Literature Review wrote on An Exploration of How to Avoid Burnout Through the Use of Self-Care
- Safeguarding training
- Prevent training
- Certificate in Creative Sand Play
- Certificate in Working with the Inner Child
- Certificate of Insight into Shame
Being registered/accredited with a professional body means an individual must have achieved a substantial level of training and experience approved by their member organisation.
The National Counselling and Psychotherapy Society
This Not For Profit association of counsellors and psychotherapists aim to support the counselling profession, members and training organisations.
In 2013 the NCS register was accredited by the Professional Standards Authority under the Accredited Voluntary Register Scheme. Accredited by the Professional Standards Authority.
Accredited register membership
The Accredited Register Scheme was set up in 2013 by the Department of Health (DoH) as a way to recognise organisations that hold voluntary registers which meet certain standards. These standards are set by the Professional Standards Authority (PSA).
This therapist has indicated that they belong to an Accredited Register.
Areas of counselling I deal with
£60.00 per session
£60 for 50 minute session
Can be paid by: Bank transfer, Cash, Cheque
When I work
New clients welcome
I am an Accredited Registrant Member of the National Counselling Society, and I abide by their Code of Ethical Practice. I attend regular supervision and continual professional development courses and workshops.

domain: psychology


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Get Alerts »
Carmel Valley man goes homeless on purpose to raise awareness
Almost six weeks after the Connecticut shooting rampage that killed 20 first-graders, Sen. Dianne Feinstein has proposed a new federal gun ban.
Script / info to follow.
Roxanne Whiteley said she woke up to the sound of her blaring smoke alarm, but figured it had been set off by the space heater she left on.


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Linkin Park 8-Bit Rebellion!Free
Winning designs from the 8-Bit Heroes contest are now on display in the 8-Bit Heroes Gallery. The top two winners are featured as characters in the game now and can be found in Mike Shinoda's Gallery.Featured as New & Noteworthy and What's Hot- - - -
Downloads: 3+Report app for spam or abuse!
Empire Four Kingdoms Free
Fight epic battles, win glorious victories, and form powerful alliances with other players
Super Mario Bros Original Free
The main heroes of the game are a plumber Mario and his brother Luigi
Happy Wheels Free Free
Happy Wheels is now available for android divice . Happy Wheels is a side-scrolling, physics-based
Truck Driver 3D Free
Do you like truck games? This truck simulator allows you to drive different kinds of heavy trucks.

domain: entertainment


The Dividend Tax Change: How will this affect small businesses?
During the summer budget that was announced in July 2015 the Chancellor announced a change to the way dividends are to be taxed.
From April 2016 the new rules are set to come into force where a 7.5% increase in tax is to be charged on any dividends taken from a business that exceed £5,000 per year.
The overall tax paid will depend on the income tax rate band that the Director currently pays. Here is a table that sets out how the tax rate will change:
|Dividend tax rates||2015/2016||2016/2017|
|Basic rate taxpayers||0%||7.5%|
|Higher rate taxpayers||25%||32.5%|
|Additional rate taxpayers||30.6%||38.1%|
Directors will also need to be aware that if the dividend income pushes the overall income from one tax band into the next then they will pay the higher dividend tax rate on the portion of income that falls into that higher tax band.
Under the current system, basic-rate taxpayers pay no tax on their dividend income. This is because dividends are only eligible to be taken from a company’s profits and therefore will have already had corporation tax applied to them.
The new dividend tax change will effectively mean that a business may have to pay two lots of tax on company profits; corporation and dividend tax. This will apply if the dividends that are paid exceed the £5,000 limit and the individual is currently a basic rate taxpayer or above.
Dividend income will still be eligible for the personal allowance. For example; if next year a Director had a dividend income of £16,000, the first £11,000 would be covered by the personal allowance and the remaining £5,000 would be covered by the new dividend allowance. This situation would result in a Director paying zero tax.
Due to these changes it is expected that businesses are going to bring forward dividends to the current tax year ahead of the change and then alter this system accordingly going forward.


SMT screen printing equipment manufacturer, Speedprint Technology, has added a new printer platform to its product range. The SP1220 is expressly designed to accommodate mid-sized long boards up to 48 inches (1220 mm) in length.
The robust platform delivers print accuracy to 12.5 μm at 6-sigma and repeatability performance that parallels the company’s SP710 platform, using up to four fiducials to optimize alignment – a factor that becomes more critical with long PCBs. It also includes built-in SPI inspection technology, and deploys an inventive X-axis under-stencil cleaning system that minimizes the usage of cleaning consumables. Maximum stencil size is 59 “ x 30 “ (1500 mm x 736 mm).
In common with all of the company’s other print platforms, owners of the SP1220 printer will benefit from the comprehensive support and 5-year parts and 2-year labor warranty, which remains unique in the industry. “We chose to add this machine to our range to let our users address the increasing number of assembly applications that use mid-sized long PCBs – explains President Mark Brawley. “It offers the same precision print performance and, thanks to our generous warranty terms, low-risk ownership model as the rest of our proven range,” he adds.


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About Rachel Pianist – professional wedding pianist for hire in London
Rachel is a classical pianist, accompanist and teacher based in London and Glasgow.
She started at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in 2013 studying BMus Classical Piano.
Since her time starting at Trinity, Rachel has flourished into an accomplished and versatile pianist.
So if you're looking to hire the finest wedding pianist London has to offer, get in touch with Rachel.
She often performs for weddings and other functions and has developed a wide range of repertoire, ranging from the likes of JS Bach to more romantic works such as Brahms and Debussy.
Aside from solo piano, Rachel has a love for working and collaborating with others.
She performs regularly with other instrumentalists and singers for concerts and other events.
On top of the piano, Rachel is also a sound violin player and has a love for photography.

domain: artistic


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|Publication number||US7691353 B2|
|Application number||US 11/156,264|
|Publication date||Apr 6, 2010|
|Filing date||Jun 17, 2005|
|Priority date||Jun 17, 2004|
|Also published as||US7675133, US7935616, US20050285119, US20050285138, US20050287817, WO2006009781A2, WO2006009781A3, WO2006009782A2, WO2006009782A3, WO2006009783A2, WO2006009783A3|
|Publication number||11156264, 156264, US 7691353 B2, US 7691353B2, US-B2-7691353, US7691353 B2, US7691353B2|
|Inventors||H. Burgener II Robert, Roger L. Felix, Gary M. Renlund|
|Original Assignee||Burgener Ii Robert H, Felix Roger L, Renlund Gary M|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (151), Referenced by (6), Classifications (63), Legal Events (2) |
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
Heating the group II-VI material with p-type dopant for at least 10minutes at a temperature sufficient to form a low dielectric constant; high temperature fabrication of p-type zinc oxide doped with arsenic transforms the zinc oxide semiconductor to an insulator; stability; nondiffusing
US 7691353 B2
Low dielectric constant group II-VI compounds, such as zinc oxide, and fabrication methods are disclosed. Low dielectric constant insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with at least one mole % p-type dopant ion. Low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with silicon having a concentration of at least 1017 atoms/cm3. Low dielectric zinc oxide insulator materials are fabricated by doping zinc oxide with a dopant ion having a concentration of at least about 1018 atoms/cm3, followed by heating to a temperature which converts the zinc oxide to an insulator. The temperature varies depending upon the choice of dopant. For arsenic, the temperature is at least about 450° C.; for antimony, the temperature is at least about 650° C. The dielectric constant of zinc oxide semiconductor is lowered by doping zinc oxide with a dopant ion at a concentration at least about 1018 to about 1019 atoms/cm3.
1. A method of fabricating a low dielectric constant group II-VI insulator material comprising:
obtaining a group II-VI material comprising atoms of group II elements and atoms of group VI elements and a p-type dopant that substitutes for atoms of the group VI element, wherein the dopant has a concentration of at least about ¼ mole % in the group II-VI material; and
heating the group II-VI material for a time period of at least 10 minutes at a temperature sufficient to convert the group II-VI material to a low dielectric constant insulator.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the group II-VI material is zinc oxide.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dopant is arsenic and the temperature is about 450° C.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dopant is antimony and the temperature is about 650° C.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of arsenic and antimony.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dopant has a concentration of at least 1 mole % in the group II-VI material.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the dopant has a concentration greater than 1 mole % in the zinc oxide material.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/580,454, filed Jun. 17, 2004, which application is incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides low dielectric constant zinc oxide semiconductors, low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulators, and to fabrication methods thereof.
Since the introduction of the transistor, the semiconductor industry has seen an unprecedented rate of change in manufacturing productivity and device performance. The semiconductor industry is approaching a point at which conventional silicon dioxide dielectrics are inadequate for the function of insulating metal interconnects as the scale of integration and device speed increases. As integrated circuit (IC) dimensions continue to decrease, resistance-capacitance delay (RC delay), crosstalk noise, and power dissipation of the interconnect structure become limiting factors for ultra-large-scale integration of integrated circuits. Materials with low dielectric constant are desirable to replace silicon dioxide as interlevel dielectrics.
What is needed is an insulator with a lower dielectric constant (expressed as k value) than silicon dioxide. As used herein, a low-k dielectric is a dielectric material featuring a dielectric constant lower than that of SiO2. A dielectric is a solid that exhibits insulating properties. It typically has its upper most energy band completely empty which results in extremely low conductivity. The most common dielectrics in semiconductor technology are SiO2 and Si3N4. Low k dielectrics are used to insulate adjacent metal lines (interlayer dielectric, ILD) in advanced integrated circuits. The low k value reduces undesired capacitive coupling, and hence “cross talk” between lines.
Zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and magnesium oxide (MgO) are wide band gap semiconductors with potential for use in electrically excited devices such as light emitting devices (LEDs), laser diodes (LDs), field effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors operating in the ultraviolet and at blue wavelengths of the visible spectrum, and other similar devices. Zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, and magnesium oxide are examples of group II-VI semiconductors compound.
As used herein, group II-VI semiconductor compounds include group II elements selected from zinc, cadmium, the alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium calcium, strontium, and barium, and mixtures thereof, and group VI elements selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and mixtures thereof. The group II-VI semiconductor compounds may be doped with one or more p-type dopant. Such p-type dopants include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, copper, chalcogenides of the foregoing, and mixtures thereof. The group II-VI semiconductor compounds may be doped with one or more n-type dopants. Such n-type dopants include, but are not limited to, ions of Al, Ga, B, H, Yb and other rare earth elements, Y, Sc, and mixtures thereof.
N-type zinc oxide semiconductor materials are known and relatively easy to prepare, such as ZnO doped with aluminum, gallium, or other known n-type dopants. P-type zinc oxide semiconductor materials are theoretically possible, but have been difficult to prepare. D. C. Look et al., “The Future of ZnO Light Emitters,” Phys. Stat. Sol., 2004, summarize data on p-type ZnO samples reported in the literature. The best reported ZnO samples have resistivity values of 0.5 ohm·cm (N/Ga dopants) and 0.6 ohm·cm (P dopant). Many of the reported p-type zinc oxide samples tend to be light, heat, oxygen, and moisture sensitive. Some convert to n-type material over time. Their stability has been questioned and instability has been observed. Some of the more-stable p-type zinc oxide materials reported in the literature are prepared using complex and expensive fabrication processes, such as molecular beam epitaxy. No commercially viable p-type zinc oxide semiconductor materials are currently known.
Without being bound by theory, it is presently believed one possible explanation for the lack of p-type zinc oxide materials is because high temperature diffusion processes or other fabrication methods inhibit formation of desirable p-type zinc oxide compounds. In particular, it is presently believed that high temperature fabrication of p-type zinc oxide transforms the zinc oxide from a semiconductor to an insulator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
A more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. These drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1A is a chemical representation of arsenic doped zinc oxide which is an insulator, with low dielectric constant properties.
FIG. 1B is a chemical representation of arsenic doped zinc oxide which is a semiconductor. FIGS. 1A and 1B do not show the coordination of the ions. As the dopant enters the ZnO structure, it will either increase the coordination numbers or increase bond strength. In this case, full strength bonds and the dopant, As, on the anion site are assumed in both figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to low dielectric constant zinc oxide semiconductors, low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulators, and to fabrication methods thereof.
Prior pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/849,332, 10/849,345, 10/849,347, and 10/849,348, filed May 19, 2004, are incorporated by reference. These applications disclose methods and apparatus for the fabrication of p-type group II-VI semiconductors, p-type group II-VI semiconductor compounds, group II-VI semiconductor devices, and crystal growth substrates. The inventions disclosed in these prior patent applications may be adapted for use within the scope of the present invention.
Persistent p-type zinc oxide is fabricated using techniques that do not require diffusion of the p-type dopant. When properly fabricated, the dopant ion in the zinc oxide structure is surprisingly stable and does not move through diffusion. Indeed, if diffusion were to occur, the structure would not be stable. Without being bound by theory, it is presently believed this is due to a bonding restriction that allows the p-type zinc oxide to form. In the case of arsenic as the p-type dopant, there are no, or a limited number, of As—O bonds in the p-type arsenic-doped zinc oxide crystal lattice. If As—O bonds were to form, a low stability As—O compound would form that would render the zinc oxide structure less stable. Bonding restrictions of this kind are known in connection with carbon doping of silica. J. Mater. Res., Vol. 6, No. 12, December 1991.
While the foregoing discussion relates to arsenic doped zinc oxide, it is believed the bonding restrictions seen with As—O involve other group 5 oxides, and also include group 5 chalcogenides. Moreover, while much of the discussion herein relates to arsenic doped zinc oxide, the invention includes the use of other p-type dopants, including, but not limited to N, P, Sb, and Bi.
FIG. 1B is a chemical representation of arsenic doped zinc oxide with semiconductor properties. At arsenic concentrations in the range from about 1016 to about 1020 atoms/cm3, arsenic substitution for oxygen in zinc oxide creates a hole which results in p-type properties. FIG. 1A is a chemical representation of arsenic doped zinc oxide at high arsenic concentrations, such as about 1 mole %. In this situation, the arsenic alters the zinc oxide crystal lattice in a manner such that the zinc oxide possesses insulating properties with a low dielectric constant. In addition, it is believed exposure to high temperatures causes a third coordinated arsenic branch to form, resulting in a lower dielectric constant, semi-insulating to fully insulating material.
While the foregoing discussion relates to arsenic doped zinc oxide, other p-type dopants such as N, P, and Sb produce the same effect. It is believed that nitrogen dopant produces the most efficient reduction in dielectric constant due to its rigid outer electron shells.
A low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulator material may be fabricated by doping the zinc oxide with dopant ions and where the dopant ion has a concentration of at least 1 mole %. Examples of suitable dopant ions include, but are not limited to, group 4 and 5 ions. It is believed that doping zinc oxide with p-type dopant ions that substitute for oxygen and that have a concentration of at least 1018 to 1019 atoms/cm3 (but lower than 1 mole %) lowers the dielectric constant of the zinc oxide, but not renders the material insulating. This may have useful advantages in producing low dielectric semiconductor materials.
Based upon experimental observation, if zinc oxide doped with p-type dopant ions at a concentration of about 1018 to 1019 atoms/cm3 is heated above about 450° C. for a time period greater than about 10 minutes, the zinc oxide appears to become less semiconducting and more insulating or semi-insulating. Above about 450° C. the material films remain intact, but chemical reactions occur where the electrical resistance increases and the dielectric constant decreases. Without being bound by theory, it is believed the heating transforms the semiconducting structure 1B into the insulating structure 1A, while maintaining overall X-ray diffraction detectable crystal integrity.
From experimental observation of antimony-doped zinc oxide, the p-type characteristics for antimony remain stable up to about 650° C. Changes in processing conditions can cause a third coordinated antimony branch, similar to FIG. 1A, forming a lower dielectric constant that produces a semi-insulating to fully insulating material.
The temperature at which the p-type zinc oxide is converted to an insulating structure varies depending upon the p-type dopant. For antimony the temperature is about 650° C. For arsenic the temperature is about 450° C. It is believed the conversion temperature is lower than 450° C. for P and N dopants.
The following examples are given to illustrate various embodiments within the scope of the present invention. These are given by way of example only, and it is to be understood that the following examples are not comprehensive or exhaustive of the many embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
A low dielectric zinc oxide insulator material is fabricated by obtaining zinc oxide doped with arsenic at a dopant concentration of about ¼ mole %. The arsenic-doped zinc oxide possesses p-type semiconductor properties. The arsenic-doped zinc oxide is heated to a temperature greater than about 450° C. for a time period of about 10 minutes. The resulting arsenic-doped zinc oxide has been converted to an insulator and has a low dielectric constant.
A low dielectric zinc oxide insulator material is fabricated by obtaining zinc oxide doped with arsenic at a dopant concentration of at least 1018 atoms/cm3. The arsenic-doped zinc oxide possesses p-type semiconductor properties. The arsenic-doped zinc oxide is heated to a temperature greater than about 450° C. for a time period of about 10 minutes. The resulting arsenic-doped zinc oxide has been converted to an insulator and has a low dielectric constant.
A low dielectric zinc oxide insulator material is fabricated by obtaining zinc oxide doped with antimony at a dopant concentration of at least 1018 atoms/cm3. The antimony-doped zinc oxide possesses p-type semiconductor properties. The antimony-doped zinc oxide is heated to a temperature greater than about 650° C. for a time period of about 10 minutes. The resulting antimony-doped zinc oxide has been converted to an insulator and has a low dielectric constant.
This example describes a method of lowering the dielectric constant of zinc oxide. Undoped zinc oxide has a dielectric constant of about 8.7. The dielectric constant of the zinc oxide is lowered by fabricating zinc oxide under conditions in which the zinc oxide is doped with arsenic or antimony at a dopant concentration of about 1021 atoms/cm3. The resulting arsenic or antimony-doped zinc oxide has a dielectric constant less than 8.7. This material may be used as gate in a FET.
A low dielectric constant zinc oxide insulator material is fabricated by obtaining zinc oxide doped with arsenic at a dopant concentration greater than 1 mole %. The resulting arsenic-doped zinc oxide has a low resistivity is effective as an insulator. It also possesses a low dielectric constant.
While the foregoing discussion relates to zinc oxide materials, the invention is not limited to zinc oxide materials. The principles and theories within the scope of the present invention apply generally to group II-VI semiconductor materials.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its structures, methods, or other essential characteristics as broadly described herein and claimed hereinafter. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative, and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
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|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US8216926 *||Aug 6, 2009||Jul 10, 2012||Commissariat A L'energie Atomique||Method of producing a partly or completely semi-insulating or p-type doped ZnO substrate, substrates obtained, and electronic, electro-optic or optoelectronic devices comprising them|
|US8274077||Aug 1, 2008||Sep 25, 2012||Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.||Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof|
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|US20100200850 *||Aug 6, 2009||Aug 12, 2010||Commissariat A L'energie Atomique||Method of Producing a Partly or Completely Semi-Insulating or P-Type Doped ZnO Substrate, Substrates Obtained, and Electronic, Electro-Optic or Optoelectronic Devices Comprising Them|
| || |
|U.S. Classification||423/265, 257/614, 423/275, 423/622, 438/510, 438/603|
|International Classification||H01L29/26, H01L31/12, H01L33/28, H01L21/28, H01L27/15, H01S5/347, H01L31/0328, H01L29/225, H01S5/327, H01L31/0296, H01L21/365, H01S5/30, H01L21/363, H01L21/316, H01L23/58, H01L21/3115, H01L21/00, H01L21/469, C01G9/02, H01L21/31|
|Cooperative Classification||H01L21/02565, H01L21/02554, H01L21/02551, H01L21/02579, H01L21/02568, C30B29/16, H01L29/225, H01L33/28, H01L31/02963, H01L33/025, C30B25/02, H01S5/347, B82Y20/00, H01S5/3054, C01G9/02, H01S5/327, C01P2006/40, H01L23/5329, H01S5/305, H01L33/285, H01L21/3115, H01L21/316, C30B29/48|
|European Classification||B82Y20/00, H01L31/0296A, H01L21/363, H01L29/225, H01L33/02C, H01L21/365, C30B29/48, C30B29/16, C30B25/02, H01L33/28C, H01L33/28, H01L21/316, C01G9/02, H01L23/532N|
|Sep 4, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 25, 2006||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MADSON & AUSTIN, P.C., UTAH
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ON INTERNATIONAL;REEL/FRAME:018175/0320
Effective date: 20060215
Owner name: MADSON & AUSTIN, P.C.,UTAH
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ON INTERNATIONAL;US-ASSIGNMENT DATABASE UPDATED:20100309;REEL/FRAME:18175/320
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Play Romancing SaGa 2 online - Retro Game
Play Romancing SaGa 2 game in browser emulator. The game is here on OldGameShelf.com as a museum artwork for retro game lovers. This new Romancing SaGa 2 game could be played free on various devices: mobile phones, tablets, and laptops through web browsers. The game is categorized as Role-playing game. And has received a super rating of 5.0 out of 5 from 1 players.
Romancing SaGa 2 is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) in 1993. It is the second entry in the Romancing SaGa series and features an open-ended, non-linear gameplay structure where players can choose their own path through the game's story. The game takes place over multiple generations, with the player controlling different heirs to a royal throne as they attempt to restore peace to their kingdom. The game also introduced a unique character development system where characters' abilities and stats are determined by their actions and experience in battle, allowing for a high degree of customization.Role-playing game

domain: hobby