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Kumon Kumon Study Tips and Resources is a blog for parents looking for tips, news, and advice, that can help advance their children’s ability in math and reading.
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domain: library


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Here's a bit from an article in New Scientist giving an excellent example:
Our tale begins two decades ago, when a group of Dutch women set out to find an explanation for the antisocial behaviour of the males in their family. As well as having learning difficulties, these men and boys were prone to outbursts of aggression and were racking up a list of serious offences, including arson, attempted rape and murder. Suspecting that the behaviour might be hereditary, the women approached geneticist Hans Brunner at the University Hospital in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Eventually, in 1993, he tracked down the culprit: a defunct variant of a gene called monoamine oxidase A, or MAOA, located on the X chromosome.This complexity of indirect effect gets even more complex with epigenetics where an effect of an environmental condition on a gene can show up as a trait a generation or two later:
Understandably, the announcement created a sensation. It was the first time a gene had been linked to human aggression - and MAOA seemed to be responsible for a history of violence stretching back five generations.
In the following years, evidence poured in to bolster the connection between MAOA and aggression. Then, in 2004, journalist Ann Gibbons sealed the link by giving MAOA the headline-friendly label "warrior gene". The moniker stuck, raising the profile of MAOA, and at the same time fuelling misconceptions about how our behaviour is affected by our genetic make-up.
Genes simply make proteins. So for behavioural geneticists the question is how, when and why they influence our behaviour. Clearly, this involves a complex tango between genes and environments. Working out the exact steps is devilishly difficult, and conveying the findings to those without a scientific background is just as problematic. The mis-selling of MAOA is a salutary lesson in what can go wrong.
The so-called "warrior gene" is actually just a molecular garbage collector. It encodes a protein that breaks down some of the brain's signalling molecules when they have outlived their usefulness - including serotonin, noradrenalin and dopamine. If it slacks on the job, the build-up of these neurotransmitters leads to abnormal moods and behaviour. The gene comes in several varieties, distinguished primarily by their levels of activity. Because it is found on the X chromosome, females may have two different forms, while males have just one. Brunner's aggressive Dutchmen had a rare and completely inactive variant. The so-called low-activity variant, or MAOA-L, has a slightly shorter than usual promoter - the region that controls the gene's activity - and so produces less protein. Another common variant, MAOA-H, is more active.
Like the defunct version of MAOA found in the Dutch family, MAOA-L, is associated with violence and aggression. Last year, Kevin Beaver from Florida State University, Tallahassee, found that boys who carry MAOA-L were more likely to join gangs, and those who did were four times more likely to use weapons in a fight (Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol 51, p 130). Headlines proclaimed that "gang culture may be due to warrior gene" and that "boys who carry the gene are likely to be dangerous, violent and carry weapons". But this kind of deterministic thinking is wrong-headed. MAOA-L is actually very common: a third of white people have this version and most of them have nothing to do with gangs.
The discovery that MAOA-L-related aggression appears mostly as a reaction to certain circumstances is perhaps not surprising, since this is how most aggression manifests itself. However, the clearest sign yet that the gene is no ruthless determinant of behaviour came in 2002 when Avshalom Caspi and Terrie Moffitt of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, published their findings about a sample of 442 men from New Zealand who they had followed from birth. A third of these men carried the MAOA-L variant. Now, aged 26, this group was indeed more likely than the others to have developed antisocial disorders and violent behaviour - but only if they had been poorly treated or abused as children. Moffitt and Caspi concluded that the so-called "warrior gene" affects a child's sensitivity to stress and trauma at an early age. Childhood trauma "activates" bad behaviour, but in a caring environment its effect is quashed.
Marcus Pembrey and colleagues also observed in the Överkalix study that the paternal (but not maternal) grandsons of Swedish boys who were exposed during preadolescence to famine in the 19th century were less likely to die of cardiovascular disease; if food was plentiful then diabetes mortality in the grandchildren increased, suggesting that this was a transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The opposite effect was observed for females -- the paternal (but not maternal) granddaughters of women who experienced famine while in the womb (and their eggs were being formed) lived shorter lives on average.Go read the Wikipedia article for more details on epigenetics.

domain: biology


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I'm always reading something, usually multiple books at a time.
And the saga goes on. (And on.) I read most of this while viewing season six of the show on DVD (just finished disc 2). No spoilers for season seven, please--I don't have cable, so I am always a season behind (at the very least). It's interesting watching characters who have been around in the books for a while already beginning to appear on the show. I know they've set the ground-work for Negan's inevitable appearance, and I've peeked in iMDB to see which actor plays him. Good casting, I have to say!
My husband commented that whenever things have been going well for the characters for a while, they need to brace themselves for the next disaster. That's true for the books, too. A new disaster arrived in volume 24, and volume 25 has the aftermath. The Whisperers slaughtered a fairly large number of the community members and left their heads on spikes at the end of 24. 25 leaves the community thirsty for revenge. And at the end, Rick is taking some advice from Negan, of all people. To be continued, as always. Fortunately, I have volume 26 at the ready.

domain: literature


Happy New Year to KIDS Network members and friends! Our next meeting of the KIDS Network General Membership will be March 3, 2021. We look forward to gathering virtually as we kick off the new year, and in the meantime, we want to share some updates about the ACEs Connection Cooperative of Communities and invite you to revisit the Resilient Santa Barbara County (RSBC) Community Partner Agreement and Resilience Toolkit.
ACEs Connection Cooperative of Communities
Jane Stevens, ACEs Connection Founder, has started convening meetings of the ACEs Connection Cooperative of Communities. Affiliate members include ACEs initiatives from two other California communities -Fresno and San Diego, as well as Richmond, VA. ACEs Connection Regional Managers from throughout California and across the nation are also participating in the meetings. Terri and Barb have been representing Santa Barbara County. We are excited to be learning about the other affiliates, and to be shaping future opportunities for our Resilient Santa Barbara County members. Please let us know if you would like to be included in these meetings.
Each of the affiliates has developed their membership through an MOU / Agreement, and all are using the Community Milestone Tracker as a data collection tool. An ACEs Connection Community group has been established for the Cooperative.
Community Partner Agreement & Resilience Toolkit
While KIDS Network has been the hub for Resilient Santa Barbara County, not all of the KIDS Network members have signed on to be RSBC Community Partners. RSBC currently has 24 member organizations that have signed the Community Partner Agreement.
Member organizations agree to work collaboratively with other partners, and they make a commitment to upholding the vision and principles of RSBC as they increase their capacity for being ACEs-aware, trauma-responsive, and resiliency-focused. Each signed partner receives the link to the Community Milestone Tracker, though not all organizations have entered their baseline data at this point in time. ACEs Connection will be providing support to get us up to speed. A checklist is provided as part of the Resilience Toolkit, and each organization moves through it at their own pace, with support from RSBC leadership.
KIDS will continue to be the hub for countywide ACEs work, and meetings will continue to focus on countywide collaboration.
The ACEs Connection Cooperative of Communities will be offering training opportunities, webinars and additional resources to affiliates in the coming year. These resources and opportunities will be extended primarily to Community Partners and may not be available to the Network as a whole.
KIDS Network members who have not yet joined are invited to revisit the Community Partner Agreement, and to consider signing on. (The Agreement is in the zipped Toolkit). We anticipate that training opportunities will begin in February. If your organization is not ready to commit to being a Community Partner, you may join as an individual by signing the Individual Pledge, and you will be considered a member.
We are making progress on Provider Engagement through our ACEs Aware grant, with a focus on engaging health care partners and building strong networks of care. ACEs Aware and the Office of the Surgeon General released a draft Network of Care Roadmap.
Bridges to Resilience
We continue to work with partners in Ventura and San Luis Obispo to bring the next Bridges to Resilience Conference to our community. This year’s virtual conference will be held in June – the specific date will be announced soon.


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Queen Sonja is very interested in art and has just overseen the official opening of a brand new culture house in the city of Trondheim. The exhibitions in the new culture house in Trondheim will have a special focus on modern arts. Behind the new culture house is the visual artist and a good friend of the Queen, Kjell Erik Killi-Olsen.
Queen Sonja has been able to follow the process of a new art house along the way and congratulated the city of Trondheim with a new arena for young art. Following the welcome to the culture house, on November 19th 2021, the Queen got to see the performance work “Shame spiral” by Bolivian-American, Oslo-based Agatha Wara. The Queen also gave a speech in which she said: “Your dream has come true. The life work you have worked on for so many years has been completed. Between these monumental buildings, we have a completely new art house here in Trondheim”.
Queen Sonja also emphasized that it is not often that a completely new art arena is opened in Norway, but emphasized that there is currently a positive wave with the new Munch Museum in Oslo and the new National Museum opening in next summer.
The art house connects the old with the new. It is in a building from the end of the 17th century that is connected with a new building. During the development, great emphasis has been placed on taking care of the old part and at the same time adding something completely new to the area and the city. In connection with the construction process, several interesting archaeological finds were made that have provided new knowledge about the medieval city of Trondheim.
The opening exhibition “It’s Just a Phase” extends over several halls and embraces a wide range of artists. A span of more than a hundred years separates the oldest artist Hannah Ryggen and the youngest Elizabeth Ravn. The exhibition shows different forms of expression, materials and design language from photography, video and painting to Hannah Ryggen’s woven textiles and Isa Genzken’s iconic Nefertiti sculptures.

domain: artistic


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Imps vs. Nids diorama WIP part 3 - Base
I had first used a block of blue styrofoam as a mockup for the base. As I closed into making the final base I kept the top of the styofoam but replaced the bottom with plywood. I then started by building the walls of the trench with aluminum sheets from food paste tubes and plastic rods. Before adding the sand ground I also added some slate to stick out of the ground to add some detail and make the hill top for the marine to stand on.
Something I’d always wanted to do was a way to make a realistic sand base with footsteps on it. When I did bases in the past I never felt the models really connected with them. This was fine with army models but as I got to start working on the base for the diorama and I wanted to make it as realistic as possible I knew I had to work out a methos for this.
I had of course seen several attempts throughout the years and my favourite bases had always been muddy bases. These almost always used some kind of mixture of filler and sand and though I wanted a dry earth base this was a good starting point. After some experimenting I got the best result from spreading a layer of filler on the base, sprinkling a really fine sand over it, gently pressing it into the filler, shaking off the excess sand, and then finally carefully detailing it. Mostly I used a cadian foot and going to town making footsteps so that it looked like people had been walking around back and forth. I also made the impression of every model where they would stand or lie down to integrate them properly with the ground. When the filler had dried I carefully removed any models and sealed the sand with thinned out black paint. This had to be done in patches as the filler only allowed for 10 minuted of detailing before turning to hard.
Finally I sculpted the sandbags with GS. In places I sculpted them to have collapsed into the trench where the gaunt jumped the guard and kicked out where the marine charged into the nids.
Everything was later basecoated together with the models and then airbrushed. Note that this is far from the finished base. It will be covered with grass tufts, burning grass, corpses, lasgun clips, blood, etc.
"Lasgun clips? But they aren’t available seperately?" you may wonder. Check out the next part for more 3D goodness.

domain: hobby


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|Publication number||US6514412 B1|
|Application number||US 09/100,163|
|Publication date||Feb 4, 2003|
|Filing date||Jun 18, 1998|
|Priority date||Jun 18, 1998|
|Also published as||CN1118317C, CN1305394A, DE69910037D1, DE69910037T2, EP1094886A1, EP1094886B1, WO1999065595A1|
|Publication number||09100163, 100163, US 6514412 B1, US 6514412B1, US-B1-6514412, US6514412 B1, US6514412B1|
|Inventors||Thomas I. Insley, Raymond P. Johnston|
|Original Assignee||3M Innovative Properties Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (36), Referenced by (59), Classifications (21), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a separation device comprising a selectively permeable separation medium bonded to a microstructured film that is used in connection with a source for driving a fluid mixture through the device.
Fluid separation devices remove a constituent from a fluid mixture by passing the fluid mixture through a selectively permeable separation medium. The undesirable component(s) of the fluid mixture remain on one side of the separation medium, and the filtrate passes through to the other side of the separation medium. Types of separations available with such devices include gas-solid, gas-gas, gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, and liquid-solid. Applications using these types of separations include water desalinization, dialysis, microfiltration to remove bacteria and other fine particles, detoxification of industrial waste, sewage treatment, and ultrafiltration to remove very fine or dissolved solids from liquids or gases. Typically, these fluid separation devices are at least partially submersed or flooded within the fluid mixture during the separation process.
Transport and control of a fluid mixture through a selectively permeable separation medium may be achieved in a separation system by a fluid transport mechanism independent of the separation medium. An example of this type of system includes a pumping system wherein the fluid mixture is pumped from one tank through a separation medium into another tank. On the other hand, transport and control of the fluid mixture may be achieved as part of a separation device, wherein a separation medium is coupled to a fluid transport mechanism. For example, the separation device may include a vacuum distribution mechanism coupled to a separation medium for driving the fluid mixture through the separation medium by a vacuum source.
The transport of fluid by a conduit or other device may be characterized based on the mechanism that causes flow within the conduit or device. Where fluid transport pertains to a nonspontaneous fluid flow regime wherein the fluid flow results, for the most part, from an external force applied to the device, such fluid transport mechanism is considered active. On the other hand, where the fluid transport pertains to a spontaneous flow regime wherein the fluid movement stems from a property inherent to the transport device, such fluid transport mechanism is considered passive. A catheter is a well-known example of an active fluid transport device. Typically, catheters that are used in the medical field to drain fluid from a body cavity are connected to a vacuum source to draw the liquid through the device. A passive fluid transport device is an absorbent pad.
Active fluid transport products have been developed based upon specific applications, including absorbent pads or a liquid pervious layer combined with fluid transport devices. For example, mat products including active fluid transport and absorbent pads or liquid pervious layers are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,437,651 to Todd et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,965 to McCarver. In each case, channels are defined on a surface of a substrate to direct liquid flow from substantially all of the area of a liquid pervious layer. These products remove liquid while having the liquid pervious layer act as a liquid absorbing and storing layer and/or to define a liquid receiving chamber. In Todd et al., a flexible backing plate is attached to an absorbent portion, and a suction source is applied to the backing plate. The backing plate comprises a plurality of channels for directing the vacuum provided by the suction source more evenly across the surface of the absorbent portion. In McCarver, a flexible pad or suction rail having a liquid permeable top surface and a liquid impermeable bottom surface is connected to a vacuum source. The suction draws liquid down into a liquid receiving chamber as it passes through the liquid pervious layer, and draws the accumulated liquid away. The liquid receiving chamber contains separation means dividing the chamber into channels for keeping the chamber from collapsing when the chamber is placed under a negative pressure.
Another flexible fluid transport product has been recently introduced and is commercially available under the tradename “Fluid Control” floor suction mat, from Technol Medical Products Inc. This product is used to absorb fluids that fall from a surgical site during a surgical procedure. The device has an absorbent mat that resides above a multitude of parallel enclosed channels. Holes are provided in the channel surfaces that interface with the absorbent mat so that fluid recovered by the mat can be drawn into the channels. The parallel channels are connected to a manifold for attachment with suction tubing. Thus, after fluid has accumulated within the mat, removal thereof can be facilitated through the multiple channels by the application of vacuum.
Examples of flexible fluid transport devices that utilize both active and passive fluid transport are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,520,300 to Flower, U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,166 to Kuntz, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,735 to Skow. In Flower, a surgical sponge and suction device is disclosed having an absorbent material over a perforated wall of a chamber that is connected to a vacuum source via a tube. In Kuntz, a pad, having an absorbent core encased in hydrophobic material but with a perforated top surface, surrounds a perforated tube coupled to a vacuum source. In Skow, a mat is provided comprising a material having a high wicking property, and within the material, a flexible suction tube is provided for preventing the mat from becoming saturated with fluid. In all three cases, the tubing limits where the fluid is evacuated from within the device.
Examples of other channeled mats for fluid removal are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,352 to Van Beek et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,679,590 to Hergenroeder; however, these mats provide structure for receiving fluid without defining a receiving chamber closed by a liquid pervious layer. Van Beek et al. shows a ribbed mat with a centrally located suction hose connected to the ribs by openings in the hose. Hergenroeder shows a mat having a gridwork of small basins forming a collection surface that are drained into channels connected to a suction source.
Examples of passive fluid transport devices having channeled fluid transport structures are described in PCT International Publication No. WO 93/11727, entitled “Liquid Management Member For Absorbent Articles.” Disclosed is the use of a liquid management member having a microstructure-bearing hydrophilic surface, preferably in combination with a liquid permeable top sheet, a back sheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the top and back sheets. The liquid management member promotes rapid directional spreading of liquids and is in contact with the absorbent core.
Specific examples of fluid separation devices include the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,455,771 to Degen. In the Degen patent, a collection of fine, hollow, permeable or semi-permeable fiber strands are used as a fluid transport device. These hollow fibers may filter a fluid by passing it over the exterior of the fibers and/or by passing the fluid through the fiber walls and into the interior of the fibers. Problems associated with these types of separation devices include problems with the production of the fibers. Moreover, hollow fiber separation devices are limited in application and susceptible to a number of problems. Fiber fragility and the general difficulty of handling bundles of small individual elements hampers their use. High unit cost, fouling, and a lack of geometric (profile) flexibility further limit application of these fibers as a fluid transport mechanism in separation devices. The inability to practically distribute long lengths and large numbers of hollow fibers into useful transport arrays makes their use inappropriate for all but a limited range of active fluid transport applications.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art by providing a separation device that is flexible, efficient, easy to handle and use, inexpensive to manufacture, and extremely versatile and adaptable to various separation applications. More specifically, the present invention provides a separation device comprising a separation module formed from a structured layer having a plurality of flow channels and a separation media, as well as a source providing a potential across the flow channels of the structured layer to drive a fluid mixture through the separation media in order to remove a constituent(s) from the fluid mixture.
The separation module preferably includes a manifold connected in fluid contact with the flow channels of the structured surface. The manifold may be connected to the source, or may be connected to a receptacle or to another device. The source provided as part of the separation device may connect to the manifold, or may connect to the separation module in some other manner. The source may be a vacuum that pulls a fluid mixture through the separation media, into the flow channels and out through the manifold, or it may pull a fluid mixture through the manifold, into the flow channels and across the separation media. Alternatively, the source may be a pressure source, such as a pump, that pushes the fluid mixture through the separation media in either direction discussed above.
The separation media comprises selectively permeable separation material, such as microporous film, micro-perforated film, nonwoven filtration web, or other types of filtration material. The separation module may be formed with a single layer of separation media, or it may have multiple layers that are all the same, or are different from one another, depending on the separation application.
The flow channels of the structured layer are defined by a series of peaks whose sidewalls may converge, or that may be separated by a planar floor. Alternatively, the peaks may be separated by at least one sub-peak forming sub-channels within each flow channel. The flow channels may vary across the structured surface, channel to channel, or within each channel. The structured surface may be formed from a polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene or polypropylene, or other suitable material.
In another embodiment, the separation module may comprise more than one structured layer at least partially covered by a separation media. A manifold in fluid contact with the flow channels of the first layer would also be in fluid contact with the flow channels of at least one other layer.
The present invention also teaches a method of removing a constituent from a fluid mixture comprising the steps of providing a separation module of the present invention, connecting the module to an externally provided source to form the separation device, flooding the module within a fluid mixture to be filtered, and driving the fluid mixture through the module by the source, thereby removing a constituent(s) from the fluid mixture. This method may also encompass a source that is a vacuum or a source that is a pressure source. The method may drive the fluid mixture through a manifold into the flow channels of the structured layer and across the separation media, or it may drive fluid through the separation media into the flow channels and out through the manifold. The separation module of the method may have a single separation media layer, or it may include multiple separation media layers that are either the same or different from one another.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a separation device in accordance with the present invention using a vacuum source to drive a fluid mixture;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2—2 of the separation device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a separation module in accordance with the present invention having a nonwoven web for a separation media;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a separation module in accordance with the present invention having multiple separation media layers;
FIG. 5 is an end view of a structured layer illustrating another channel configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an end view of a structured layer illustrating yet another channel configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a structured layer illustrating one channel layout configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a structured layer illustrating another channel layout configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a structured layer illustrating yet another channel layout configuration in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a separation module in accordance with the present invention submerged in a fluid mixture within a container;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of multiple separation modules having a common manifold in accordance with the present invention submerged in a fluid mixture within a container;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a separation device in accordance with the present invention using a pressure source to drive a fluid mixture; and
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a separation device in accordance with the present invention using a pressure differential through a separation cover to drive a fluid mixture.
With reference to the attached Figures, like components are labeled with like numerals throughout the several Figures. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a separation device 50 in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the separation device 50 taken along line 2—2 of FIG. 1. The separation device 50 basically includes a separation module 55 connected to a source 68. The separation module 55 has a structured layer 57 having a structured surface 58 on one of its two major surfaces. The structured surface 58 comprises a plurality of channels 59 formed within the layer 57, preferably as shown in a consistent, ordered manner. Each channel 59 need not be the same as another of the layer 57, but the channels 59 are preferably ordered in the sense that each channel 59 is set by a predetermined design of the structured surface 58 of layer 57.
The layer 57 may comprise flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid material, which may be chosen depending on the particular application of the separation device 50. Preferably, the layer 57 comprises a polymeric material because such material is typically less expensive and because such polymeric material can be accurately formed with a structured surface 58. Moreover, by the use of a polymeric layer 57 in the form of, for example, a film layer can provide a structured surface defining a large number of and high density of fluid flow channels 59 on a major surface thereof. Thus, a highly efficient, inexpensive separation device of the present invention is amenable to being manufactured with a high level of accuracy and economy. Polylmeric materials may be chosen, for example, based on flexibility, rigidity, permeability, etc.
As shown in FIG. 2, the channels 59 of layer 57 are defined by a series of peaks 60 formed of sidewalls 61. In some cases, it will be desirable to extend the peaks 60 entirely from one edge of the layer 57 to another; although, for other applications, it may be desirable to extend the peaks 60 only along a portion of the structured surface 58. That is, channels 59 that are defined between peaks 60 may extend entirely from one edge to another edge of the layer 57, or such channels 59 may only be defined to extend over a portion of the layer 57. One or more channel portions may begin from an edge of the layer 57, or may be entirely intermediately provided within the structured surface 58 of the layer 57.
The separation module 55 also includes a selectively permeable separation media 62 covering at least a portion of, but preferably all of, the structured layer 57. Each of the channels 59 may be, but need not be, closed off at one end and covered by the separation media 62 so that all of the fluid mixture that is run through the separation module 55 will pass through the separation media 62. Preferably, the separation media 62 is bonded or otherwise sealed to the structured layer 57 along the two sides 63 that are parallel to the channels 59, as well as along one end 65. The separation media 62 may also be bonded to the structured layer 57 at the peaks 60 of the channels 59, if desired.
The selectively permeable separation media 62 can be chosen to remove desired constituents from a fluid mixture as the fluid mixture passes through the separation media 62. The separation media 62 may be any of a number of types of filtration media including, without limitation, microporous films, micro-perforated films, nonwoven webs, woven webs, microporous foams, a stacked microstructure filtration media as shown and described in commonly owned co-pending application Ser. No. 09/106,506, to Insley et al. filed on the same date as this case and entitled “Structured Surface Filtration Media”, and the like. An embodiment of a separation module 55 of the present invention wherein the separation media 62 is a nonwoven web 75 sealed at one end 76, is shown in FIG. 3. Such a seal may be accomplished by head pressure sealing the edge of the nonwoven web 75 to an edge of the structured layer 57, in which case, the structured surface 58 at the edge may be crushed. Other adhesives or sealants could be used instead or in combination.
The separation media 62 that is to be used for a given application will depend on the requirements of the separation, such as gas-solid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, or liquid-liquid. Multiple layers of separation media 62, 72 and 74 may also be used in a given embodiment in order to meet the separation requirements of the application, as illustrated in FIG. 4. These separation media 62, 72 and 74 may all be the same, or may all be different, or may have some the same and some different, depending on what the requirements of the various separation media are, such as increased separation capacity and/or multiple constituent removal.
Alternatively, the separation media 62 may be removable and replaceable with respect to the separation module 55. By removably mounting the separation module 62, instead of permanent bonding or otherwise permanently sealing it, to the structured layer 58 the separation media 62 may be replaced by the same type of or a different type of separation media material. The separation module 55 may then be reused for another fluid separation process, or may continue to be used in the same process.
In addition, the separation module 55 also preferably includes a manifold 64 or 64′ (See FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively) coupled to at least a plurality of the channels 59 of the structured layer 57, and preferably coupled, as shown in these embodiments, to the separation media 62 at a common side, so that a majority of the discrete flow channels 59 are in fluid contact with the manifold 64. The manifold 64 or 64′ preferably is in fluid communication with each of the channels 59 through outlets (not shown) thereof, and is provided with a plenum (not shown) that is defined internally therein and which is in fluid communication with channels 59. The plenum may simply comprise a chamber within the manifold 64 that is sealingly connected to at least a plurality of the channels 59. The manifold 64 may be flexible, semi-rigid, or rigid, like the layer 57. Moreover, a second manifold or more may also be provided on the other side of layer 57, as illustrated in FIG. 13 (and discussed in detail below), depending on the particular application
However, the manifold 64 may connect only to the channels 59 and not to the separation media by excluding the separation media from contact with the plenum, or by the addition of a impermeable cover layer bonded to the structured layer between the manifold and the separation media. This cover layer would then form flow passages in a portion of the structured layer where fluid is transported between a port open to the plenum and another port open to the separation media. The manifold may couple to the flow channels at the end of the structured layer, or it may couple to the flow channels on top of the structured surface, or in any other manner suitable for providing fluid contact between the manifold and the flow channels. Alternatively, the channels may connect to a central passage, such as those shown in FIGS. 7-9 (and discussed below), or they may connect directly to a source without the use of a manifold.
The separation device creates an active fluid flow that operates by a source 68 producing a potential over the flow channels 59. The potential source may comprise any means that provides a potential difference across a plurality of the flow channels 59 from a first potential to a second potential, except for gravitational forces alone. The potential difference should be sufficient to cause, or assist in causing, fluid flow through the plural flow channels 59, which is based in part on the fluid characteristics of any particular application. As shown in FIG. 1, the potential source 68 may comprise a vacuum generator that is conventionally connected with a collector receptacle 70. The collector receptacle 70 is fluidically connected with the manifold 64 by way of a conventional flexible tube 66. Thus, by the provision of a vacuum at the source 68, a fluid or fluid mixture can be drawn from outside the separation module 55 through the separation media 62 and into the channels 59. The filtered fluid, or filtrate, then flows from the flow channels 59 out through the manifold 64 and through tube 66 into the collection receptacle 70. The receptacle 70 may advantageously be openable to permit the filtrate to be removed therefrom for other use and/or processing, or may be otherwise connected with conventional drainage systems or mechanisms.
In the case where the potential source 68 comprises a vacuum generator, the vacuum provided to the channels 59 via manifold 64 may be sufficient to adequately hold the separation media 62 against the structured surface 58. That is, the vacuum itself will tend to hold the separation media 62 against peaks 60 of the structured surface 58. Thus, the potential provided from an external source can be more effectively and efficiently distributed over the structured surface 58 of layer 57.
Other potential sources 68 are useable in accordance with the present invention instead of or in conjunction with a vacuum generation device. Generally, any manner of causing fluid flow through the channels 59 is contemplated except based purely on gravitational forces. That is, any external device that causes fluid to be transported through the channels 59 is contemplated. Examples of other potential sources include but are not limited to, vacuum pumps, pressure pumps and pressure systems, magnetic systems, magneto hydrodynamic drives, acoustic flow systems, centrifugal spinning and any other known or developed fluid drive system utilizing the creation of a potential difference that causes fluid flow to at least to some degree.
Although the embodiment of FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 is shown with structured surfaces 57 comprising multiple peaks 60 whose sidewalls 61 of each successive peak 60 converge to define a line at the base of the channel 59, other channel configurations are contemplated. A specific application for the separation device 50 may determine the number, type and size of the channels 59 provided to meet the separation requirements. For example in FIG. 5, the channels 87 are defined by a continuous series of peaks 86 which are separated by a wide, flat floor 89. Each peak 86 is flattened at the top, thereby facilitating bonding with an adjacent layer, such as the separation media 62. Each peak 86 could also be pointed, if desired. In FIG. 6, wide channels 92 are defined between peaks 91, but instead of providing a planar floor between channel sidewalls 93, a plurality of smaller sub-peaks 94 are provided. These sub-peaks 94 thus define secondary channels 95 therebetween. Sub-peaks 94 may or may not rise to the same level as peaks 91, and as illustrated, create a first wide channel 92 including smaller channels 95 distributed therein. The peaks 91 and sub-peaks 94 need not be evenly distributed with respect to themselves or each other. The smaller channels 95 can be used, for example, to control fluid flow through the wider channels 92.
Although FIGS. 1-6 contemplate elongated, linearly-configured channels, the channels may be provided in many other configurations. For example, the channels could have varying cross-sectional widths along the channel length; that is, the channels could diverge and/or converge along the length of the channel. The channel sidewalls could also be contoured rather than being straight in the direction of extension of the channel, or in the channel height. Generally, any channel configuration that can provide at least multiple discrete channel portions that extend from a first point to a second point within the separation device are contemplated.
In FIG. 7, a channel configuration is illustrated in plan view that may be applied to the layer 57 to define the structured surface 58. As shown, plural converging channels 100 can be provided for intermediate collection of fluid and that are further connected with a single discrete channel 102. This minimizes the provision of outlet ports to one. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a central channel 103 or 105 may be connected with a plurality of channel branches 102 or 104 that may be designed to cover a particular surface area of the structured surface for removing fluid from that particular area. Again, generally any pattern is contemplated in accordance with the present invention as long as a plurality of discrete channels are provided over a portion of the structured surface 58 from a first point to a second point. The aim of the channel pattern is to distribute the potential across the surface area of the separation media 62 in order to efficiently utilize the separation media 62 in separating constituents from a fluid mixture as it passes through the separation media 62.
As to any of the channels 59 contemplated above and in accordance with the present invention, such channels 59 are defined within layer 57 by the structured surface 58 of a first major surface of the layer 57. The channels in accordance with the present invention are configured to be discrete to allow any one channel to receive fluid from the ambient environment independently of the other channels. The microstructured size of each channel encourages single-phase flow. Without having air entrained in the liquid, noise generation is significantly reduced and less stress can be placed on liquids that are transported through the active fluid transport device.
The individual flow channels of the microstructured surfaces of the invention are substantially discrete. That is, fluid can move through the channels independent of fluid in adjacent channels. The channels independently accommodate the potential relative to one another to direct a fluid along or through a particular channel independent of adjacent channels. Preferably, fluid that enters one flow channel does not, to any significant degree, enter an adjacent channel, although there may be some diffusion between adjacent channels. It is important to effectively maintain the discreteness of the micro-channels in order to effectively transport the fluid and maintain advantages that such channels provide. Not all of the channels, however, may need to be discrete for all embodiments. Some channels may be discrete while others are not. Additionally, channel “discreteness” may be a temporary phenomenon driven, for example, by fluctuating pressures.
As used here, aspect ratio means the ratio of a channel's length to its hydraulic radius, and hydraulic radius is the wettable cross-sectional area of a channel divided by its wettable channel circumference. Preferably, the structured surface 58 is a microstructured surface that defines discrete flow channels that have a minimum aspect ratio (length/hydraulic radius) of 10:1, in some embodiments exceeding approximately 100:1, and in other embodiments at least about 1000:1. At the top end, the aspect ratio could be indefinitely high but generally would be less than about 1,000,000:1. The hydraulic radius of a channel is no greater than about 300 μm. In many embodiments, it can be less than 100 μm, and may be less than 10 μm. Although smaller is generally better for many applications (and the hydraulic radius could be submicron in size), the hydraulic radius typically would not be less than 1 μm for most embodiments. As more fully described below, channels defined within these parameters can provide efficient bulk fluid transport through an active fluid transport device.
The structured surface 58 can also be provided with a very low profile. Thus, active fluid transport devices are contemplated where the structured polymeric layer has a thickness of less than 5000 micrometers, and even possibly less than 1500 micrometers. To do this, the channels may be defined by peaks that have a height of approximately 5 to 1200 micrometers and that have a peak distance of about 10 to 2000 micrometers.
Microstructured surfaces in accordance with the present invention provide flow systems in which the volume of the system is highly distributed. That is, the fluid volume that passes through such flow systems is distributed over a large area. Microstructure channel density from about 10 per lineal cm (25/in) and up to one thousand per lineal cm (2500/in) (measured across the channels) provide for high fluid transport rates. Generally, when a common manifold is employed, each individual channel has an aspect ratio that is at least 400 percent greater, and more preferably is at least 900 percent greater than a manifold that is disposed at the channel inlets and outlets. This significant increase in aspect ratio distributes the potential's effect to contribute to the noted benefits of the invention.
FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of an immersible flexible separation module 110 in accordance with the present invention used to remove constituents from a fluid mixture 119 held in a container 118. The separation module 110 has a flexible structured layer 111 and a flexible separation media 112 coupled to a flexible manifold 114, thereby providing fluid connection between the flow channels (not shown) of the structured surface 111 and the manifold 114. Preferably, layers 111 and 112 are sealed together at all sides and to the manifold 114. Thus, the edges of the separation module 110 are closed so that flow of the fluid mixture 119 goes through the separation media 112, into the channels (not shown) of the structured layer 111, and out through the manifold 114. A flexible hose 116 connects the manifold 114 to an external source (not shown). A source, such as a vacuum, is provided to cause flow through the hose 116 and manifold 114, so that the fluid mixture 119 passes through the separation media 112 for removing constituent(s) from the fluid mixture 119. The filtered fluid then flows along the flow channels (not shown) of the structured layer 111 into the manifold 114 and out the hose 116 to a reservoir or other receptacle (not shown). By being flexible, the separation module 110 may conform to a surface of the container 118, such as a wall or floor, thereby improving the separation device's ability to efficiently perform the separation process. Being immersible, the separation module 110 may be submerged in any desired fluid mixture in order to facilitate effective constituent removal from the fluid mixture. In addition, the flat, large surface area of the module effectively uses the filter separation media's filtering capacity by spreading the intake of the fluid mixture across the entire surface area of the separation media. Although the separation module 110 need only be partially submerged, it is preferably completely submerged to most efficiently filter a bulk fluid mixture.
In order to increase the capacity of a separation device 50, the size of a separation module 110 could be increased. However, when size increases are limited due to container 118 size or configuration, a plurality of separation modules 110, 120 and 121 could be combined on a common manifold 114 to increase separation capacity instead, as illustrated in FIG. 11. Again, flexibility of the separation modules improves the separation device's ability to efficiently perform the separation process. In addition, a plurality of independent separation modules 110, that is separation modules having individual manifolds from a common source, or even individual separation modules having different sources, could also be employed in a single container 118, or a plurality of separation modules 110, 120, 121 on a common manifold could be placed in separate containers.
Another method of increasing separation capacity of a separation device 50 or separating more than one constituent from a fluid mixture, aside from increasing the number of layers of separation media 62 employed in the separation module 55, would be to pass a fluid mixture through a series of separation modules 55. These modules 55 may have different separation media 62 or they may have the same separation media 62, depending on the requirements of the separation process being performed. Various methods that are known or developed may be used to perform the separation process through a series of separation modules 55, including the use of a series of separation devices 50 wherein the separation module 55 of one is placed within the receptacle 70 of another.
An alternate embodiment of a separation device 130 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 12, wherein the source 142 comprises a pressure pump. In this embodiment, the pump 142 transports a fluid mixture from a reservoir 144 under pressure through a flexible hose 140 and into an internal chamber (not shown) of a manifold 138. From the manifold 138, the fluid mixture is transported through the flow channels (not shown) of the structured surface 134 of separation module 132, and then out through the separation media 136. The filtered fluid may be output from the separation module 132 into the environment, or into a container (not shown) or other suitable receptacle. For this embodiment, the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 2, taken along line 2—2 of FIG. 12, also applies. Other channel configurations, as discussed above, may also be used in this present device. A separation device 130 of this embodiment could be used in conjunction with a separation device 50 of the prior embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, for performing a series of separations, or other processes. A separation device 130 of this embodiment may also be combined with one or more separation devices of the same or different embodiments, as required. The descriptions of the separation device components given above apply equally to the components of this device 130.
Another alternate embodiment of a separation device 150 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 13. This embodiment differs from the other embodiments previously described in that a source (not shown) provides a potential over the separation module 151 through a separation cover 160. The separation cover 160 defines a chamber (not shown) and preferably fully encloses the separation media 154 to provide fluid communication between the source and the separation media 154 of the separation module 151. An inlet 162 connects the internal chamber of the separation cover 160 to the source, preferably by way of a conduit (not shown). This separation module 151 also comprises a manifold 156 that is in fluid communication with the flow channels of the structured surface 152, in the same manner described above for other embodiments. In addition, an optional second manifold 158 is shown in fluid communication with the flow channels of the structured surface 154 on the opposite side of the separation module 151 than the first manifold 156.
When the source is a pressure source, a fluid mixture is provided from the source and flows through the inlet 162 into the internal chamber of the separation cover 160, and then through the separation media 154. The filtered fluid is transported from the separation media 154, through the flow channels of the structured surface 152, into the manifolds 156, 158, and out to a receptacle, the environment, or other suitable area. When the source is a vacuum source connected to the inlet 162 of the separation cover 160, a fluid mixture is pulled into the manifolds 156, 158 by suction from a suitable container, or the like. If no manifolds are provided, fluid mixture could enter one or all of one or more sides of the structured layer 152. The fluid mixture is then transported into the flow channels of the structured layer 152, and through the separation media 154. The filtered fluid then flows into the internal chamber of the separation cover 160 and out through the inlet 162 to a receptacle (not shown), or other suitable location. Alternatively, the vacuum source may be connected to the separation module 151 at the manifolds 156, 158, so that a fluid mixture is pulled from a reservoir (not shown) connected to the inlet 162 of the separation cover 160. The fluid mixture would then be transported into the internal chamber of the separation cover 160 and on into the flow channels of the structured layer 152, by way of the separation media 154. The filtered fluid would then flows into the manifold and out through a connecting conduit (not shown) to a receptacle (not shown), or other suitable location. As with the other embodiments of the present invention, this separation device 150 may be combined with one or more separation devices of the same or different embodiments. The descriptions of the separation device components given above apply equally to the components of this device 150.
The making of structured surfaces, and in particular microstructured surfaces, on a polymeric layer such as a polymeric film are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,069,403 and 5,133,516, both to Marentic et al. Structured layers may also be continuously microreplicated using the principles or steps described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,846 to Benson, Jr. et al. Other patents that describe microstructured surfaces include U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,120 to Johnston et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,557 to Noreen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,030 to Lu et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,558 to Barber.
Structured polymeric layers produced in accordance with such techniques can be microreplicated. The provision of microreplicated structured layers is beneficial because the surfaces can be mass produced without substantial variation from product-to-product and without using relatively complicated processing techniques. “Microreplication” or “microreplicated” means the production of a microstructured surface through a process where the structured surface features retain an individual feature fidelity during manufacture, from product-to-product, that varies no more than about 50 μm. The microreplicated surfaces preferably are produced such that the structured surface features retain an individual feature fidelity during manufacture, from product-to-product, which varies no more than 25 μm.
In accordance with the present invention, a microstructured surface comprises a surface with a topography (the surface features of an object, place or region thereof) that has individual feature fidelity that is maintained with a resolution of between 50 micrometers and 0.05 micrometers, more preferably between 25 micrometers and 1 micrometer.
Structured layers for any of the embodiments in accordance with the present invention can be formed from a variety of polymers or copolymers including thermoplastic, thermoset, and curable polymers. As used here, thermoplastic, as differentiated from thermoset, refers to a polymer which softens and melts when exposed to heat and re-solidifies when cooled and can be melted and solidified through many cycles. A thermoset polymer, on the other hand, irreversibly solidifies when heated and cooled. A cured polymer system, in which polymer chains are interconnected or crosslinked, can be formed at room temperature through use of chemical agents or ionizing irradiation.
Polymers useful in forming a structured layer in articles of the invention include but are not limited to polyolefins such as polyethylene and polyethylene copolymers, polyvinylidene diflouride (PVDF), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Other polymeric materials include acetates, cellulose ethers, polyvinyl alcohols, polysaccharides, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamids, poly(vinyl chloride), polyurethanes, polyureas, polycarbonates, and polystyrene. Structured layers can be cast from curable resin materials such as acrylates or epoxies and cured through free radical pathways promoted chemically, by exposure to heat, UV, or electron beam radiation.
As indicated above, there are applications where flexible active fluid transport devices are desired. Flexibility may be imparted to a structured polymeric layer using polymers described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,450,235 to Smith et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,691,846 to Benson, Jr. et al. The whole polymeric layer need not be made from a flexible polymeric material. A main portion of the polymeric layer, for example, could comprise a flexible polymer, whereas the structured portion or portion thereof could comprise a more rigid polymer. The patents cited in this paragraph describe use of polymers in this fashion to produce flexible products that have microstructured surfaces.
Polymeric materials including polymer blends can be modified through melt blending of plasticizing active agents such as surfactants or antimicrobial agents. Surface modification of the structured surfaces can be accomplished through vapor deposition or covalent grafting of functional moieties using ionizing radiation. Methods and techniques for graft-polymerization of monomers onto polypropylene, for example, by ionizing radiation are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,950,549 and 5,078,925. The polymers may also contain additives that impart various properties into the polymeric structured layer. For example, plasticisers can be added to decrease elastic modulus to improve flexibility.
Preferred embodiments of the invention may use thin flexible polymer films that have parallel linear topographies as the microstructure-bearing element. For purposes of this invention, a “film” is considered to be a thin (less than 5 mm thick) generally flexible sheet of polymeric material. The economic value in using inexpensive films with highly defined microstructure-bearing film surfaces is great. Flexible films can be used in combination with a wide range of separation media and can be used unsupported or in conjunction with a supporting body where desired. The microstructured surfaces may be flexible for many applications but also may be associated with a rigid structural body where applications warrant.
Because the devices of the invention include microstructured channels, the devices commonly employ a multitude of channels per device. As shown in some of the embodiments illustrated above, inventive devices can easily possess more than 10 or 100 channels per device. Some applications, the device may have more than 1,000 or 10,000 channels per device. The more channels that are connected to an individual potential source allow the potential's effect to be more highly distributed.
To determine the efficacy of an active fluid transport separation device having a plurality of discrete flow passages defined by a layer having microchannels in a microstructured surface and a separation media cover layer, a separation device was constructed using a separation module formed from a microstructure-bearing film element, capped with a separation media. The microstructure-bearing film was formed by casting a molten polymer onto a microstructured nickel tool to form a continuous film with channels on one surface. The channels were formed in the continuous length of the cast film. The nickel casting tool was produced by shaping a smooth copper surface with diamond scoring tools to produce the desired structure followed by an electroless nickel plating step to form a nickel tool. The tool used to form the film produced a microstructured surface with abutted ‘V’ channels with a nominal depth of 459 μm and an opening width of 420 μm. This resulted in a channel, if closed, with a mean hydraulic radius of 62.5 μm. The polymer used to form the film was low density polyethylene, Tenite™ 1550P from Eastman Chemical Company. A nonionic surfactant, Triton X-102 from Rohm & Haas Company, was melt blended into the base polymer to increase the surface energy of the film.
The separation media was a nonwoven blown microfiber web. The nonwoven web was produced from polypropylene, Fina 100 MFI, and had a solidity of 8% with fibers in the 2-5 Tm diameter size and a basis weight of 50 g/m2. Capping of the microreplicated film was accomplished by layering the film and nonwoven together with the microstructure of the film facing the nonwoven. After layering, the composite was sealed on the two sides parallel to the linear microstructure. One end of the composite, where the microchannels terminated, was also heat sealed. The unsealed end was attached to the manifold that extended the width of the module.
The manifold was formed by placing a cut in the side wall of a section of tubing, VI grade 3.18 mm inner diameter, 1.6 mm wall thickness tubing form Nalge Co. of Rochester, N.Y. The slit was cut with a razor in a straight line along the axis of the tube. The length of the slit was approximately the width of the module. The tube was then fitted over the end of the module and hot met glued in place. One open end of the tube, at the module, was sealed closed with hot melt adhesive. The dimension of the module was 80 mm×120 mm.
To evaluate the liquid/solid separation capability of the test module the unit was placed in a beaker with water and fine particle solids of AC test Dust, SAE coarse, commercially available from Powder Technology Inc. The test was conducted with the test unit placed in a 500 ml beaker, with the film side of the unit flat next to the inside wall of the beaker. A liquid recovery flask with a vacuum source was then attached to the test unit. After the vacuum was established, the beaker was filled to the top, submerging the test unit, with a suspension of AC test dust in water at a concentration of 15 g/1000 ml. Liquid in the beaker was removed, through the separation module, to the recovery flask as the AC dust suspension was constantly stirred in the beaker. After the liquid was extracted through the microstructure-bearing film based separation apparatus, the recovered liquid was observed for the presence of suspended matter. No suspended matter was observed in the recovered liquid.
While a single microstructure-bearing film based separation module was used in the evaluation, multiple units could be used to increase separation capacity. A separation device of this kind, with the appropriate separation media, could be used in other separation applications such as air filtration. For very fine separations, a microporous film, for example, might be employed as the separation media. An alternate design might utilize a supplied fluid, passing first within a separation module, whereby the fluid flowing through the channels would exchange with the environment through the separation medium.
While the example unit was used to demonstrate a liquid/solid separation, other separations could also be accomplished with the use of similar constructions. Other separation mediums could be used as the application requires. Microporous membranes, for instance, would be particularly suited to applications where gas/gas or ultrafine solid/liquid separations are required.
All of the patents and patent applications cited above are wholly incorporated by reference into this document. Also, this application also wholly incorporates by reference the following patent applications that are commonly owned by the assignee of the subject application and filed on even date herewith: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/099,269, to Insley et al. and entitled “Microchanneled Active Fluid Transport Devices”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/106,506, to Insley et al. and entitled “Structured Surface Filtration Media”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/099,632, to Insley et al. and entitled “Microchanneled Active Fluid Heat Exchanger”; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/099,565, to Insley et al. and entitled “Fluid Guide Device Having an Open Microstructured Surface for Attachment to a Fluid Transport Device.”
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification||210/649, 210/644, 210/321.85, 210/321.83, 210/486, 210/321.75, 210/321.84, 210/416.1|
|International Classification||B01D61/18, A61M1/00, B01D69/06, B01D63/08|
|Cooperative Classification||B01D61/18, B01D2313/08, B01D63/08, B01D2313/143, A61M1/008, B01D2313/146|
|European Classification||B01D61/18, B01D63/08, A61M1/00T|
|Jun 18, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MINNESTOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, MINNE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:INSELY, THOMAS I.;JOHNSTON, RAYMOND P.;REEL/FRAME:009274/0077
Effective date: 19980618
|Nov 7, 2002||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY, MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:3M COMPANY (FORMERLY MINNESOTA MINING AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY), A CORPORATION OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE;REEL/FRAME:013234/0979
Effective date: 20021101
|Apr 6, 2004||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Aug 4, 2006||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 8, 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 9, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12

domain: chemistry


text:
Characters in Zynga’s High Heels! mobile game are getting a Pride-fueled makeover.
The gaming company has partnered with apparel brand Kenneth Cole to bring its Pride 2021 collection to virtual life.
For the first two weeks of June, players of mobile game High Heels!, in which characters are able to walk down a runway, will be able to dress their avatars in the limited Kenneth Cole collection.
The goal of the campaign, led by Zynga’s communications team and Kenneth Cole’s development team, Rollic, is to “stand in solidarity with the LGBTQ+ community and to support the fight for equal rights as millions of people from around the world celebrate Pride,” said Bernard Kim, president of publishing at Zynga, in an email.
High Heels! recently went viral on TikTok after users shared recordings of the game’s challenge to successfully complete fashion show catwalks in high heels that get higher as players complete levels. The game has been downloaded over 60 million times since its launch in January.
The campaign also includes a collaboration with LGBTQ+ influencers, who will wear real pieces from the Pride 2021 collection. The collection as well as clips from the in-game runway will be featured on NASDAQ boards in Times Square for four days in June.
For every Pride product purchased on the Kenneth Cole website, a percentage of net sales will be donated to The Mental Health Coalition, an organisation founded by Kenneth Cole in 2020 that aims to destigmatise mental health.
“Partnering with Kenneth Cole to increase representation in our games and empower players to show their pride, spirit and fashion in High Heels!... it’s a perfect fit,” Kim said.
Kenneth Cole was not immediately available for comment.

domain: news


text:
The ultimate vegan guide to vegan food & drinks you can be expecting at the big four high street cafes this autumn and winter.
It’s that time of year when the big coffee shop chains start to bring out their seasonal cakes and nibbles, but what’s on offer for vegans during the colder months?
Whether you like it or not, it’s around the time when everyone starts thinking about the lead up towards Christmas. People are starting to dress warmer, eat warmer and comfort food seems to sneak back into the diet. The big high street coffee shops know this and have already started to introduce their vegan seasonal offerings. So, without delay…here they are (please note – that these are all additions to their current menus, there are more vegan options in store at all cafes, and always double check that what you are buying is vegan):
Costa have stepped up their game of late by adding these additions to their menu. We feel they needed to do something as they took away one of their only vegan options (remember that fruit crumble) earlier in the year. Looks like they have started to redeem themselves.
Vegan Mince Tart
Vegan Fruit Slice
Drinks (that can be made vegan)
Black Forest Hot ChocolateÂ
Order the drink with soya, without cream and without spiced berry breadcrumbs.
Order the drink with soya, without cream, without gingerbread red berry crumb and without the mini gingerbread man.
Order the drink with soya, without cream and without the honeycomb pieces.
Salted Caramel Cappuccino
Order the drink with soya and without salted caramel fudge sprinkle.
Black Forest Hot Frostino
Order the drink with soya, without cream and without chocolate curls.
Drinks that CANNOT be made vegan
Any Billionaire Drinks, Spiced Apple and Lindt Hot Chocolate
Caffe Nero are really trying to up their vegan game this year. If you take a look at their Facebook page you will see that they are consciously thinking about adding to their vegan menu every time a new season comes around: you can already purchase a sweet potato wrap and hot pasta bowl without the Christmas menu.Â Vegan Food UK are always happy to see vegans being thought about and catered for whatever the time of year.
Falafel with Chestnuts & Spiced Slaw Wrap
Apple & Blackcurrant Crumble BarÂ
Vegan Mince Pie
Salted Caramel Latte with SoyaÂ
Pret a Manger
PretÂ have to be the favourite high street, vegan-friendly, chain cafe. They seem to really care about making sure that vegans feel welcome and catered for. Their autumn menu was pretty good and their current sandwiches are delightful, they have just added to it further with a vegan Christmas sandwich (below). But for some strange reason, their mince pies don’t appear to be vegan. Anyway, we might let them off as they are donating some money from each purchase to the homeless this winter season. Go Pret!
Very Merry Vegan Christmas Lunch Sandwich
Pretâ€™s Vegan Christmas Sandwich combines grilled carrots, spinach and a vegan stuffing on
granary bread. Finished with a port & orange cranberry sauce and a handful of caramelised
pecans and crispy onions.Â
Festive Flat White (ask for it with non-dairy milk)
This seasonal special adds a dash of mince pie syrup, with notes of apple, plum and cinnamon,
to a flat white (or any other coffee).
Mint Mocha (ask for it with non-dairy milk)
Pretâ€™s organic hot chocolate with a shot of mint make sure no optional topping of whipped cream is added.
We will let you be final the judge of this one, but our research concludes that there are no significant changes to the vegan menu for Christmas at Starbucks; it looks as though none of the Christmas menuÂ items are vegan or can be veganised. We are in contact with Starbucks and will keep you updated if they decide to pull out a vegan treat for us this winter.
In the meantime, here are the vegan friendly syrups at Starbucks to jazz up your coffee:
- Caramel/Sugar Free Caramel
- Hazelnut/Sugar Free Hazelnut
- Vanilla/Sugar Free Vanilla
- Fudge Syrup
- Almond Syrup
- Macadamia Syrup
- Peach Syrup
- Simple Syrup
We hope you found this guide useful. If you spot any other wonderous vegan seasonal treats on your travels, be sure to leave a comment saying where they are and we may publish it on this site.

domain: food


UMBC men’s soccer team (4-1-0) defeated the nationally ranked West Virginia University Mountaineers (3-1-2) 3-1 in a tight game. The game was played at Retriever Soccer Park on September 13, and it was UMBC’s third home game of the season. The Retrievers performed admirably against the No. 19 ranked Mountaineers who were previously unbeaten, and the crowd turnout got to see a good attacking display from the home team.
UMBC dominated the game in the first half, with incisive attacks and quick passing without the requisite finishing in the early periods. The Retrievers appeared to favor attacking down their right side, possibly exploiting a weakness down their visitors’ left. The plan worked as their attack was able to create chances to score allowing Sophomore Colin Weyant to hit the crossbar with a fierce drive followed by senior Sammy Kahsai who was particularly wasteful with three wide shots in the first half.
Eventually UMBC unlocked WVU’s defence midway through the first half with two goals from set pieces. The first goal came from a free kick, headed down by senior Tom Paul and tucked in by junior James Gielen, after freshman Matt Bailey’s shot was blocked. The second goal followed soon after, with junior Kyle Saunderson heading in off the crossbar following a corner from Bailey.
There was controversy over who scored UMBC’s second goal, as Saunderson’s header hit the crossbar and looked to have went in before sophomore Nick Gumbs tapped the ball in.
“I’m not really sure. I headed it and I got taken out. I guess it is mine,” said Saunderson.
In the second half, the Mountaineers began to grow into the game and broke UMBC’s defensive resilience in the 72nd minute when Albert Andres-Llop scored a free kick from 20 yards. The 2-1 scoreline made the game tense for the Retrievers but Saunderson headed in his third goal of the year from a set piece to close out the win for UMBC.
After the game, assist hero Bailey said of his team’s finishing:
“Like coach said earlier, we do not have that killer mentality quite yet. We got a lot of hungry guys who want to score, [and] it is just that final piece, but I think [the killer mentality] is coming, we are getting more goals every game. Pretty soon, it’s going to be a lot better. We are going to see a lot more goals scored and a lot less against.”
Saunderson gave insight into Coach Carinji’s attacking game plan.
“It is definitely a game plan [getting me forward for set pieces]. Coach sets [the defenders] up with great corner, throw in and free kick plays. Between Tom Paul, Gregg [Hauck] and I, that is some big bodies and we are always dangerous on free kicks”.
The Retrievers worked hard in defence and created numerous chances in attack to defeat the mighty Mountaineers. They also preserved their unbeaten home record, which is something to hold on to as UMBC faces “one of the toughest schedules in UMBC history” according to Coach Carinji. They play tough schools Navy, Western Michigan and University of Maryland in the coming days.


text:
I’ve been reluctant to post after sharing my short “film.” You can view it on YouTube.
The images and music powerfully convey what I’ve experienced, what many of you have or continue to experience today. It seems anything I write now pales in comparison.
Compiling and arranging the images took a lot out of me. It reminded me, yet again, how painful being infertile is. At the same time, watching the final piece also motivated me. It made me want to do a better job capturing those same emotions with my other writing project — a book loosely based on my infertility experiences.
I started writing it four years ago. It’s not in the usual genre of infertility literature or “Repro Lit” as it’s now being called. It is obviously not a breathless memoir of finding my way to baby land or the latest suggestions on how to conceive. Mine is, in fact, the mirror opposite of Peggy Orenstein’s “Waiting for Daisy.” Unlike Peggy, I always knew I wanted to have a baby. After years of trying she delivered Daisy. Me? I jumped through many of the same hoops. No baby.
Outside of a handful of you who have left comments here and just a few fellow bloggers who came away from IF treatments without a child, I’ve often wondered why I don’t hear more from or about the millions of couples out there who are living infertile in a fertile world. Of course, it’s not easy to write about the other outcome. Maybe that’s why I’ve not seen anything like my book-to-be out there. My book, like the “film,” makes it clear that there’s more than one destination on the long road of infertility treatments, though not the one infertile couples seek, or that fertile myrtles prefer to believe is inevitable, thanks to the wonders of science.
So I’ll be dropping by your blogs to see how you’re doing but I’ll likely to be posting less in the coming weeks as I devote more time to my other writing. I want it to be something you’re proud of, something that captures the right depth, tone and emotion.
What are some of the elements you would bring to light?


text:
Novartis today presented results from a pivotal Phase III trial of investigational therapy Signifor® LAR (pasireotide LAR; SOM230) in patients with acromegaly for whom current standard of care provides inadequate disease control. The study findings showed that patients taking pasireotide long-acting release (LAR) achieved greater disease control when compared to continued treatment with the standard somatostatin analogue therapies, octreotide LAR or lanreotide Autogel. These data were presented at the 16th European Congress of Endocrinology.
Acromegaly is caused by a benign (non-cancerous) tumor within the pituitary gland that secretes excess growth hormone (GH), leading to elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This combined effect of elevated GH and IGF-1 levels causes the enlargement of body parts, including the hands, feet and facial features, along with serious morbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory diseases. If exposed to long-term elevated levels of GH and IGF-1, acromegaly patients face a two- to three-fold increased risk of death. Biochemical control of the disease, as measured by both GH and IGF-1 levels, is the primary goal of treatment. Other disease management objectives include tumor shrinkage and improvement in clinical signs and symptoms.
"Historically, we have evaluated somatostatin analogues for the treatment of acromegaly by the decrease in either growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor levels. With more sensitive assays and more stringent evaluation criteria, a recent meta-analysis indicates that up to 45% of patients can have either GH or IGF-I still elevated," said Dr. Monica Gadelha, professor, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and study author. "As the health risks associated with acromegaly may persist until both GH and IGF-1 levels are normalized, this study further supports the importance of monitoring for and achieving full biochemical control."
This study evaluated pasireotide LAR 40 mg and 60 mg against continued therapy with octreotide LAR or lanreotide Autogel in patients who did not achieve GH and IGF-1 biochemical control despite receiving the maximum approved doses of these currently available somatostatin analogues (SSAs). In the trial, significantly more patients achieved biochemical control with each dose of pasireotide LAR compared to the octreotide LAR and lanreotide Autogel control arm. Specifically, 15.4% and 20.0% of those with inadequately controlled acromegaly taking pasireotide LAR 40 mg and 60 mg, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–26.5;>3.
"These results strengthen our understanding of this rare endocrine disorder and suggest pasireotide LAR may offer benefit for acromegaly patients whose disease is not fully controlled on their current therapy," said Alessandro Riva, president, Novartis Oncology ad interim and Global Head, Oncology Development and Medical Affairs. "As part of our long-standing commitment to transforming the care of rare pituitary diseases, we are working to bring this potentially meaningful solution to the acromegaly community."
Worldwide regulatory filings for pasireotide LAR in acromegaly are currently underway based on these results and separate previously published robust Phase III data.


text:
China is still the leading holder of U.S. Treasurys with $1.24 trillion in holdings in July but the country is estimated to have sold at least $30.4 billion in a span of one month as it aggressively intervened in the foreign exchange market to prop up the yuan, according to data released on Wednesday.
“The headlines regarding Chinese selling of Treasurys were most prolific in August, especially following the devaluation of the yuan in mid-August. This data suggests that they were ramping up liquidations before making the announcement,” Ward McCarthy, chief financial economist at Jefferies, said in a report.
Meanwhile, Belgium saw its Treasury holdings drop by $52.3 billion and went from the third biggest holder of Treasurys in February to no longer ranked in the top 10.
“This is significant because there has been speculation that Belgium was holding Chinese-owned Treasurys in custody. The sharp decline in Belgian holdings is consistent with the theme of Chinese liquidations,” said McCarthy.
Japan retained its second-place spot with total Treasury holdings, edging up roughly $400 million in July..

domain: finance