As 2017 draws to a close and Harrisburg officials negotiate next year’s budget, they’ve already set their sights on another deadline: the end of 2018, when the city’s Act 47 status expires.
The city recently enlisted the help of a lobbying firm to craft an exit strategy, which might include new laws specific to the capital city.
Harrisburg entered Act 47 in 2011. Cities and townships under Act 47 are designated as “financially distressed” by the state Department of Community and Economic Development and given special provisions for consolidating debt and setting tax rates.
Without those provisions, city officials say, it would be impossible to balance Harrisburg’s budget and maintain basic local services. Exiting the program would require them to lower current tax rates – unless legislators amend state laws.
“My general gut tells me unless there’s legislative change, I don’t think it’s possible for us to leave Act 47,” said Ben Allatt, a City Council member and chair of the budget and finance committee.
The need for new tax laws led the city to hire local lobbying firm Maverick Strategies, which they will pay $60,000 for services in 2018. While the deal won’t guarantee a specific legislative outcome, officials hope that Maverick will convey to lawmakers the unique challenges of funding a capital city.
“I don’t think that the leaders in the House fully understand what it means for a city to be in and leave Act 47,” said Allatt. “We think if they are fully informed, it could lead to legislative change that could affect Harrisburg or other cities across the commonwealth.”
Harrisburg’s status as the state capital simultaneously drives up its expenditures and reduces its revenue base. The daily influx of commuters means that the city infrastructure serves a large population of commuters who do not pay income or property taxes. What’s more, the city cannot tax state land.
Act 47 allowed Harrisburg officials to set earned income tax and local services tax rates higher than what is allowed under the state’s constitution.
Currently, Harrisburg taxes every individual working in the city $156 a year, or $3 a week, for local services such as police, road and traffic signals, and utilities.
The $8 million annual revenue from the local services tax helps maintain the city’s infrastructure and emergency services. If Harrisburg exited Act 47 today, it would have to adjust its tax rates according to the state constitution and third-class city code.
Harrisburg finance director Bruce Weber said lowering the rates would be impossible.
“It’d mean massive layoffs,” Weber said. “We wouldn’t balance the budget.”
Mayor Eric Papenfuse said that the city will seek an exemption from these tax codes due to its capital city status.
“We’re certainly in solidarity with other third-class cities across the commonwealth that are struggling, but we’re a third-class city that is also the state capital city,” he said.
Papenfuse could not say whether the lobbyists would seek amendments to the third-class city code or the creation of new laws entirely. He did add that legislative changes could provide Harrisburg an alternative to a home rule charter, which would let the city create set its own rates on income and property taxes.
Papenfuse also confirmed that one objective of the lobbyists will be annualizing the state’s yearly payment to Harrisburg. Since the city cannot collect taxes on state property, the state has routinely made an appropriation to Harrisburg for emergency fire and police services, which, in recent years, has amounted to $5 million.
That payment is subject to debate in each round of state budget negotiations and has fluctuated in size. Papenfuse hopes that legislators, with prodding from Maverick lobbyists, will make the $5 million appropriation a requirement by state law.


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New study shows that superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene can exist away from the magic angle when coupled to a two-dimensional semiconductor
In 2018, researchers made the surprising discovery that when you layer two sheets of single-atom-thick graphene atop one another and rotate them by precisely 1.05 degrees with respect to one another, the resulting bilayer material takes on new properties: when the density of electrons in the material is increased through the application of a voltage on a nearby electrode, it becomes a superconductor—electrons can flow freely through the material, without resistance. However, with a slight change in electron density, the bilayer becomes an insulator and prevents the flow of electrons.
The specific twist angle at which this occurs was nicknamed the "magic angle," and its discovery jumpstarted interest in a branch of physics known as twistronics. The electron densities that turn the material into a superconductor or an insulator are very close to one another, so the central question of bilayer graphene twistronics has become to understand why these states—insulators and superconductors—are so intimately related.
Now, a team at Caltech has discovered that when twisted bilayer graphene is placed in contact with a single-atom-thick material that contains the heavy element tungsten, it can exhibit superconductivity at angles relatively far from the magic angle, and it does not change into an insulator at any electron density, breaking the pattern. Their work was published in the journal Nature on July 15.
What does it mean to have insulators and superconductors occurring at similar electron densities, and why is this important?
When studying how materials conduct electricity, physicists often talk about a phase diagram, a plot that represents resistance as a function of electrondensity (on one axis) and temperature (on the other). In this phase diagram for magic angle-twisted bilayer graphene, the superconducting phase and the insulating phase are adjacent on the electron-density axis. Both the superconductivity and insulating states in magic angle-twisted bilayers of graphene occur only at cryogenic temperatures, a fraction of a degree above absolute zero (−273.15 degrees Celsius). But back in the 1980s, a similar phase diagram was noted in so-called high-temperature superconductors that operate at a much higher temperature—one to two hundred degrees above absolute zero, which is still cold, but not as cold as was thought to be needed to generate the superconducting and insulating states in twisted graphene.
"Physicists got very excited about this discovery, thinking that if these two systems are indeed similar, then perhaps studying twisted bilayer graphene could teach us something about high-temperature superconductivity," says Stevan Nadj-Perge, corresponding author of the paper and assistant professor of applied physics and materials science at Caltech. "Our new findings, however, question that similarity."
To achieve the magic angle usually requires such extreme precision in the placement of the two graphene sheets that only a few out of many samples will show the signature of superconductivity. The new approach developed at Caltech relaxes these stringent requirements. In the method, the graphene sheets are placed on top of another two-dimensional material that contains tungsten and selenide, called tungsten-diselenide (WSe2). The presence of tungsten enhances the coupling between an electron's "spin" (a property of subatomic particles that describes how they interact with magnetic fields) and its motion. The so-called spin–orbit coupling that is induced in twisted bilayer graphene may explain the stabilization of superconductivity.
When the additional WSe2 layers were used, the Caltech team found, superconductivity could exist even when insulating states were entirely absent. "This shows that superconductivity can be stabilized by tailoring the environment of the graphene layers," Nadj-Perge says.
"While we did observe signatures of spin–orbit coupling in our samples, whether this coupling is responsible for stabilization of superconductivity is still an open question. At this point, it is too early to say conclusively," Nadj-Perge says. "Our observations were quite unexpected. It implies that we only scratched the surface of graphene twistronics. These are exciting times for the field."
The paper is titled "Superconductivity in metallic twisted bilayer graphene stabilized by WSe2." Co-authors include Jason Alicea, professor of theoretical physics at Caltech; Caltech graduate students Harpreet Arora (PhD '20), Robert Polski, and Yiran Zhang (all of whom are leading authors on the paper); graduate students Youngjoon Choi and Hyunjin Kim; Alex Thomson, Sherman Fairchild Postdoctoral Scholar in Theoretical Physics at Caltech; Zhong Lin, Ilham Zaky Wilson, Xiaodong Xu, and Jiun-Haw Chu of the University of Washington, who provided WSe2 crystals; and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi of the National Institute for Materials Science in Japan.
The research at Caltech was funded by the National Science Foundation, the United States Department of Energy, the Caltech-Gist memorandum of understanding program, the Kavli Nanoscience Institute, the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter at Caltech, the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech, and the Kwanjeong Educational Foundation.

domain: chemistry


- Discover how cryptography is used to secure data in motion as well as at rest
- Compare symmetric with asymmetric encryption and learn how a hash is used
- Get to grips with different types of cryptographic solutions along with common applications
In today’s world, it is important to have confidence in your data storage and transmission strategy. Cryptography can provide you with this confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. But are you aware of just what exactly is involved in using cryptographic techniques? Modern Cryptography for Cybersecurity Professionals helps you to gain a better understanding of the cryptographic elements necessary to secure your data.
The book begins by helping you to understand why we need to secure data and how encryption can provide protection, whether it be in motion or at rest. You’ll then delve into symmetric and asymmetric encryption and discover how a hash is used. As you advance, you’ll see how the public key infrastructure (PKI) and certificates build trust between parties, so that we can confidently encrypt and exchange data. Finally, you’ll explore the practical applications of cryptographic techniques, including passwords, email, and blockchain technology, along with securely transmitting data using a virtual private network (VPN).
By the end of this cryptography book, you’ll have gained a solid understanding of cryptographic techniques and terms, learned how symmetric and asymmetric encryption and hashed are used, and recognized the importance of key management and the PKI.


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The conflict between farming communities and herders in Nigeria has increased in the last four years. It has become a subject of discourse in various domains, including the media and body politic. The intensification of the crisis has spurred renewed scholarly attention to the other ways the conflict could be understood. The increased role of media in the crisis has been identified, but existing studies on the role of the media focus on media reportage, framing and coverage. There is relatively scare research on the politics of media discourse of the conflict, which can reveal representations of subjects and identities, subject-positions, subjectivity and power relations in the narrative of the conflict. Thus, this research analyses the politics of newspapersâ€™ discourse of the conflict in Nigeria. The representations of the conflict cluster around five albeit overlapping themes, namely causes, victims, consequences, governmentâ€™s responses and resolution strategies to the conflict. The discourse of the dispute is constructed as a security issue which embodies other forms of security viz national security, food security, the security of statehood and unity of the nations that make up the Nigerian state. The article shows that the construction of the conflict draws on the political and ideological dispositions of the papers. It argues that the link between the newspapersâ€™ representation of the conflict and the strategies they proposed for curbing the dispute is weak. Thus, while media representations of the conflict can reveal the various contestations in the framing of the conflict in Nigeria, it might be insufficient to establish the link between discourse, identity and policy. Further, it argues that developing a sustainable strategy for the resolution of the crisis requires among other things, a national dialogue.
Author(s): Cletus Famous Nwankwo, Romanus U. Ayadiuno, Alphonsus N. Ali, Ignatius A. Madu

domain: library


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Experience the thrill of observing Africa's magnificent wildlife on foot while walking through its breathtaking landscapes on a walking safari.
Come with us on an intimate adventure through the African savannahs on our tailor-made daily walking safaris led by our expert guides. With a maximum of six participants, we ensure a personalised experience you can enjoy at your own pace.
Our African walking safaris offer a unique opportunity to observe and learn about the behaviours of animals in their natural habitat. Accompanied by your knowledgeable guide, you'll have the chance to get close to smaller animals and birds and even discover fascinating insects along the way.
As you traverse the breathtaking landscapes, you'll be surrounded by the soothing sounds of nature and vast expanses of savannahs. The towering granite boulders in the distance are evocative visual landmarks, guiding you through the savannah's diverse terrain.
Delight in the sights and sounds of gorgeous birds and listen as your guide points out the fragrant aromas of shrubs and wild herbs. Listen for the distant calls of wildlife, and the splashing sounds of winding rivers teeming with crocodiles and grunting hippos.
Walking safaris are once-in-a-lifetime experiences. To add this unforgettable activity to your itinerary, speak with your Asilia safari advisor. Join us on a walking safari and create memories that will last a lifetime.
Where to go on a Walking Safari
A walking safari is a prerequisite for an extraordinary and adventurous experience. However, not all Asilia camps offer this thrilling activity, so consulting with our expert safari planners is essential.
Our specialists can advise you about the best walking safari options and provide unique and exciting perspectives. All camps are situated in diverse locations, and the terrain for some can be physically challenging on foot. A basic fitness level is recommended for an immersive and enjoyable expedition.
Chat with your Asilia safari advisor about which camps feature walking safaris to include this highly sought-after and captivating activity, ensuring more unforgettable memories.
Remember to include an unforgettable tailor-made walking safari into your adventure and experience the vast diversity and beauty of East Africa with Asilia. Contact us now to book your sensational safari.
The Mara Naboisho Conservancy in southwest Kenya is a dream for wildlife enthusiasts. As well as cheetah, elephant and giraffe, the area has one of the highest concentrations of lion in the world.
Jabali Ridge is a stylish camp in the wildlife-rich Ruaha National Park, set on a rocky outcrop overlooking the Mwagusi River and Ikuka escarpment.
Usangu Expedition Camp
On the banks of the wetlands, just beyond the reaches of the seasonal high-water mark, Usangu Expedition Camp sits among the woodland shade offering the perfect launch pad from where to enjoy the mult…
Roho ya Selous
Roho ya Selous sits in the very heart of Nyerere National Park (formerly The Selous), a stone’s throw from a palm-fringed tributary of Tanzania's Rufiji River.
Oliver’s Camp, located in Tarangire National Park, is a place for those who want to experience an adventurous safari with ample comforts.
The award-winning Sayari Camp is based in the north of Serengeti National Park, with a prime location to witness thousands of wildebeest crash across the Mara River as part of their Great Migration.
Completely refurbished and upgraded in 2019, Namiri Plains is in Tanzania’s eastern Serengeti. This remote camp is also a conservation initiative, protecting an area crucial to cheetah and other big c…

domain: geography


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How should we document this situation? Many photographers resort to creating work about life at home during the strange days we're experiencing. They portray the daily routines of their family, do a bit of macro photography in the garden or shoot the odd, empty streets during their food run.
Currently there's no lockdown in Hanoi, like in many other places. Still, our family, as many others, have chosen to limit our movements and social interactions. It's the sensible thing to do, given the circumstances. The consequence is that we feel like our lives are in a state of limbo: we're still free, but there's this undertow, a constant feeling of unease in our hearts and minds.
A few days ago, I took to the nightly streets again in my immediate neighborhood. Turns out I'm not one to document my family, the plants in our garden or the still-not-so-empty streets around the city... yet. Maybe that is still to come. But for now, the images in this post are the ones that resonate most with how I feel. And while I merely consider these to be rough drafts, unpolished and under-researched, I would like to share them.
Let's see where this path leads to next.

domain: sociology


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Heavy rains along with low pressure over India’s western coastline has led to severe floods in Kerala and the Kodagu district of Karnataka. This low pressure has stayed constant over the Kerala Karnataka coastline for the past fortnight.
As a result, the coast of Kerala and Karnataka has received about 46% of the total rainfall received in India. Till now this has amounted to approximately 7,158 mm of rainfall.
|Rainfall Received in 2018
|Konkan Goa Coast
|Rest of India
Bhagamandal in Kodagu recorded 106 mm of rainfall on Sunday. Tourists travelling to Kodagu have been advised to postpone their plans and a holiday has been declared for all educational institutions in the area.
Many major roads including those in Kushalanagar, Virajpet, Napoklu, and Ponampet have been submerged. Talacauvery has been cut off from the rest of the district by 6 feet of water over the Bhagamandala-Aiyyangeri road. Minor landslides have also been recorded at many points along the Madikeri-Mangaluru Highway (NH 275) and one the Mukkodu-Hanjala Road.
|Rainfall Received in 24 hours in 2018
|Rainfall Received in 24 hours in 2017
Why has the Monsoon been so Heavy this Year?
Deforestation is one of the main reasons for this increased monsoon intensity. Evapotranspiration from the green cover of the Western Ghats is responsible for around 50% of the total rainfall received by southern peninsular India. Deforestation in these areas has contributed to Global Warming which has caused the monsoon intensity to increase steadily since the 1990s.
Human incursion and unscientific development in these ecologically sensitive areas have also been cited as reasons for this natural disaster. According to environmental scientists, this disaster could have been averted if the recommendations of the Gadgil committee had been implemented. Kerala and Karnataka were among the six states in the Western Ghats that unanimously opposed the recommendations.

domain: news


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Dubai: Hong Kong trainer John Moore believes the country has brought its best ever contingent to this year’s Dubai World Cup.
In total, Hong Kong has eight runners on World Cup night including Moore’s Military Attack and Richard Gibson’s Akeed Mofeed in the main event.
Moore also has Sterling City in the Dubai Golden Shaheen, with Michael Chang’s Rich Tapestry and Dominant featuring in the Dubai Sheema Classic. Meanwhile, Tony Cruz has Blazing Speed in the Dubai Duty Free and Joy And Fun in the Al Quoz Sprint alongside Ricky Yiu’s Amber Sky.
“There’s eight of them here, and they are the very best we have,” said Moore. “This is a very good crop of horses, who over the past few years have really come up to the elite level, and been able to compete at group one level.”
Moore also suggested that with it being mid-season in Hong Kong, their runners had the advantage.
“They are coming here well into our season with all the necessary mileage in their legs and that’s why on the day they just might beat horses that are better than them. We’ve got fitness on our side.
“It’s very exciting and I think Hong Kong is going to do very well, I wouldn’t be surprised if we won three races.”
Hong Kong’s biggest horses have often failed to live up to expectation in Dubai, but Moore said it’s got nothing to do with the all-weather track.
“In Hong Kong, we have a very good dirt surface that’s not that deep at all. The transition shouldn’t be a problem, I wouldn’t have entered them if I felt they couldn’t handle the surface.”
Richard Gibson agreed on the quality of Hong Kong horses and their suitability for the track.
“It’s interesting to hear John Moore talk,” said Gibson. “He’s got the knowledge of past Hong Kong champions and standards. I’m still a rookie but I’d reiterate we’ve brought over a very good team of horses at the right time of year.
“As for the surface, this is a World Cup, it’s exactly what it says on the ticket. A real champion horse has to adapt to all conditions. This is the Olympic Games of racing and there are no excuses.”

domain: sports


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In hindsight, my recent no wheat/dairy/soy/nuts diet was among the hardest, if not the hardest, diet I’ve been on. Before I started it, I thought I’d continue to eat as I normally do but substitute minor things. For example, I’d swap my normal cereal and bread with GF alternatives. Since I snack on nuts daily, I’d swap this with more fruit, hummus/carrots and GF muesli bars. Easy.
It got difficult when I realised how these ingredients are hidden in many unsuspecting foods, like Asian stir fries, sushi, salads, anything that has been marinated, all takeaway food etc.
This was the most difficult item to cut out of my diet – I now have massive respect for celiacs and those who are intolerant or sensitive to gluten/wheat. Obviously, gluten is in bread, pasta, flour, cereal and other carby and processed foods. I knew there were GF alternatives so I didn’t worry. I didn’t go too much out of my way to get ingredients for cooking at home mainstream supermarkets stock many GF alternatives, like pasta and cereal. The Freedom Foods brand saved me as they had delicious cereals. Carmans has a good gluten free cereal option as well (with nuts). I bought gluten-free flour and used it in banana bread/cake and it wasn’t much different (see here).
When eating out, some restaurant menus indicate which items are GF – this saved me stress from interrogating waiting staff on how a dish is cooked. Zefferelli’s had a GF menu with pizza and pasta. In Canberra, Deeks Bakery in Pearce and Dickson sells gluten-free baked goods. This sounded like heaven but after analysis of their website, I realised that the majority of their products contained soy, so I would probably only be able to eat one product – yeast, soy & dairy free bread.
Gluten is used as a thickener in many sauces used in salads, stir fries, marinades etc. This made me extremely conscious of everything I ate. When I was on my diet, I often ate from big franchises, such as Sumo Salad that has a website listing allergen information for its salads. Smaller salad bars rarely had info on what items were GF or knowledgeable staff on GF items. I was annoyed that I had to go to franchises over small salad bars, because I prefer to give my buck to small business owners over large franchises – smaller salad bars aren’t into fancy advertising, don’t often ship ingredients across the country just to ensure ‘consistency of quality’ and have more unique salads. I guess beggars can’t be choosers.
My alternative to salads for lunch would be sushi rolls. Obviously I couldn’t eat soft shell crab rolls as flour is used in the deep frying batter. I thought I’d be fine with chicken teriyaki and beef sushi, but the meat is marinated in sauce that has gluten. So I opted for the vegetarian options… oh except tofu (wheat and soy), but I learnt to love avocado rolls.
Having no gluten in my diet mean that I couldn’t eat normal stir fries – my favourite sauces for cooking at home (oyster, soy, hoisin) all had gluten. If I was a celiac, I’d invest in GF substitutes, which apparently exist… somewhere. It was frustrating to go to any Asian restaurant or have stir fries at people’s houses. Most people have no idea gluten is in many stir fry sauces so would look at me in a dumbfounded way when I asked what was GF. I ended up interrogating them about what sauces were used in the dish and asked if they could replace soy sauce etc with fish sauce… oh and sometimes even fish sauce has gluten.
Basically my colleague who’s a celiac said something like ‘basically all you can eat is air… but ignorance is bliss… if you don’t end up with weird side effects or in hospital, it’s okay’.
It wasn’t too difficult to cut out lactose because I already avoid dairy in my normal diet. For example, I avoid cheese (creates congestion problems) and buttery goods. When I strictly cut out dairy, I didn’t eat cheese at work lunches, pizza (OMG), pastries, café sweets, creamy sauces and being wary of butter or cheese in sandwiches etc. Dairy is everywhere.
In my normal diet, I drink soy milk. I know many people who shiver at the thought of drinking soy. I admit – I hated it when I was young, but that’s because my only experience of soy milk was the type from Asian supermarkets that has a strong beany taste. Outside my diet, I usually drunk Soy Good or Soy Milky with cereal and could barely tell the difference from normal milk.
I was always aware there are many alternatives to ‘normal milk’ such as lactose free milk (contains the enzyme lactase that aids people’s digestion of the lactose in milk). There’s also almond milk, oat milk and rice milk (last one is gross in my opinion). The range of options makes me wonder whether milk can be made from other things – potatoes, corn? My avoidance of nuts, soy or dairy meant that there were only two types of milk I could drink – lactose free and rice milk… I think rice milk has a festy perfume-like taste that not even sugary cereal can cover. Lactose free milk it was (see here).
I love chocolate… but in the last year I over indulged in it so it was a good thing that I avoided it. I certainly craved it at times, but would use my imagination just to experience what it’d be like to eat it – taste, smell, texture etc. In an earlier blog entry, I made a lactose-free hot chocolate, with dairy free chocolate, honey and lactose free milk. It cured my cravings!
There are also vegan cheese alternatives, including mascarpone (yay for tiramisu) and tasty cheese.
During my diet, I realised that lactose is a popular ‘filler’ in many many medications. In these scenarios, I couldn’t avoid it.
In hindsight, why on earth did I avoid soy?!?! I normally don’t eat much meat so I get my protein from meat alternatives such as tofu, vege sausages, patties and vegetarian meat, which unfortunately all contain soy (or wheat). As I was also avoiding nuts, a huge source of protein was missing from my diet.
During my diet, I often felt lethargic – I would try to create some ‘balance’ in my diet by eating some protein. Ironically I ate chicken, chicken and chicken – eventually I grossed myself out.
Annoyingly, a lot of gluten-free cereals and snack bars contain nuts. I remember spending at least half an hour in Woolies staring at the health food section, looking at each snack bar one by one and assessing each one according to the stupid ‘criteria’ I had – no nuts, gluten, etc. It was mentally exhausting. Out of about 100 options, I could eat around 5.
Nuts are also included in many vegetarian salads. It’s probably used to give the salad protein and a nice crunchiness. I guess it provides protein that meat normally would.
Combination of the four
Overall it was extremely difficult. I’d often see a snack bar or salad that sounded delicious. I’d get excited and think ‘Omg, I can actually incorporate some flavour into my diet. Potential life saver.’ However the item would exclude only three of the four ingredients and include something like nuts … my dreams and hopes would be crushed again and again.
Indian food was a gem as their sauces don’t often have gluten and it was obvious if there was dairy (like yogurt or cream). However, most Indian places use ghee, which is clarified butter (dairy)… but sometimes ignorance is bliss.
When I cooked for myself, I mostly ate salads and cooked veges – these were flavoured with home-made citrus dressings, sesame oil or herbs/olive oil.
Ok, I feel like I was just popping my own party balloons. It’s also like I was saying to myself ‘here’s chocolate cake, but haha, you can’t eat it.’ The diet was difficult to maintain as I couldn’t find enough alternatives or substitutes to maintain enough nutrition (and a healthy weight). I was excluded from even the smallest social events and people weren’t always accommodating or supportive. People were itching for me to go back to ‘normal’ for their own convenience and familiarity. But my eczema was itching 100x worse.
Overall, it wasn’t a bad experience. I’m glad I did it because it taught me to eat cleaner and exposed me to foods that I wouldn’t normally eat.

domain: food


text:
- Table View
- List View
Lord Thorpe's new business partner is not what he expected. With her billowy black hair and creamy skin, Alexandra Ward is stunningly beautiful, brashly outspoken...and the perfect image of a wealthy woman long thought dead.Straight from America, Alexandra finds London fraught with danger. Her appearance on Thorpe's arm sends shock rippling through society and arouses hushed whispers: is she a schemer in search of a dead woman's fortune, or an innocent caught up in circumstances that she doesn't understand?Someone knows the truth, someone who doesn't want Alexandra to live long enough to learn anything. Only Lord Thorpe can help her now-if he can overcome his own suspicions.
Wanted: Wife of good family, attractive but not too beautiful, calm, reasonable and mature...for marriage of convenience. Pleasant conversationalist preferred but not required.Simon "Devil" Dure is as cynical about love as spirited Charity Emerson is innocent of it. But she is certain she can meet his wifely expectations, and he is charmed and amused enough to believe her. Their ensuing engagement is as shocking as it is conspiratorial. With her crazy schemes and her warm laughter, Charity tempts Simon-with more than her body.Her loving heart seduces him to unlock the shackles around his own. There is no warning, however, of the treacherous trap that lies ahead, or of the vicious act of murder that will put their courage-and their love-to the ultimate test.
After A Winter Scandal comes a new season for unexpected love in this sparkling second novel in New York Times bestselling author Candace Camp's Legend of St. Dwynwen trilogy. No one in tiny Chesley knows the truth about Damaris Howard; a woman of wealth and beauty, she rarely allows anyone to get close. Her past was marked by scandal and abandonment--better to stay aloof and reinvent herself. Then Damaris meets Alec Stafford, the Earl of Rowden. The tall, handsome border lord is a man of quiet but deep passion, raised to show no weakness and burned once before by a woman's love. But when he and Damaris cross paths inside London society, they set sparks of attraction blazing--and rumors flying. And when someone abducts Damaris from the city streets, Alec must stake more than his reputation to rescue her. . . . Finding out who's behind a dangerous plot plunges Alec and Damaris together in an intimacy that melts their well-guarded reserve, proving that true love's rich rewards may just be worth the risks.
His eyes met hers, and for a moment they were frozen in time. She detested this man with a fury that threatened to swamp her. And tonight she had to make him want her more than he had ever wanted any woman...When Deverel Grey, Lord Stonehaven, mistakenly accused Sir Selby Armiger of a crime he hadn't committed, he subjected the innocent man's family to ruinous scandal. That innocent man was Julia Armiger's brother, and she's vowed to clear his good name and reveal Stonehaven as the unrepentant rogue that he is. Her plot for vengeance revolves around one certainty. She knows her sinfully handsome enemy has one weakness...beautiful women. And she dares to become his fantasy.Is it the duel of wits, the lure of winning, or even the fear of exposure that accounts for the heady exhilaration she feels at Stonehaven's nearness? Or is it the man himself, who boldly sweeps her into a game of adventure, mystery and unexpected pleasure that will soon find her totally, deliciously, perilously swept away....
Love is in the cards for a young Scottish heiress in the first book of a delicious new trilogy of historical romances, Secrets of the Loch, from New York Times bestselling author Candace Camp.A family legend of hidden treasure mingles with the mist over the shores of Loch Baille... But it's not the cache of gold dating back to Culloden that Jack Kensington claims when he arrives in the Highlands; it's the house he won in a London card game from a luckless Scotsman. Stunned to learn that her wastrel brother wagered their family estate, Isobel Rose must find a way to save her home and the people she loves...even if it means accepting a loveless marriage. Or perhaps not so loveless? Isobel unlocks the secrets of desire in the arms of the mysterious and handsome Englishman, but a series of "accidents" makes her fear that she will soon be a widow instead of a wife. As their hunt for lost riches turns into the search for a killer, Isobel fights her attraction to the man who stole her birthright...but can Jack convince Isobel that he can provide a home for her heart, and a love to treasure?
Had Theo Moreland, the Marquess of Raine, killed her brother? And had the treasure the two men sought in South America hastened his descent to an early grave? American journalist Megan Mulcahey had to know. But to find out, she needed to infiltrate the marquess's household.The new American governess intrigued Theo. Wanderlust had always plagued him-until Miss Mulcahey came to Broughton House to teach his young siblings. Now the strange pull of their immediate desire both troubled and excited him. He had seen her beauty once before, in a fever dream his memory could not escape. So why was this delicious vision now snooping around his mansion like a common thief?
Lady Calandra should have suitors beating down her door. But her overprotective brother, the Duke of Rochford, has managed to scare off every suitable gentleman. Every man except the mysterious Earl of Bromwell, that is. Callie finds herself drawn to the enigmatic earl, despite her brother's almost violent protestations.In defiance of her brother's wishes, Callie devises a plan to see Bromwell again, enlisting the help of matchmaker Francesca Haughston. But when shadowy secrets about the duke and the earl come to light, it may be too late for Callie to see that she's walked straight into a trap....
New York Times bestselling authors Sabrina Jeffries, Karen Hawkins, and Candace Camp, and USA TODAY bestselling author Meredith Duran come together for a sizzling historical romance holiday anthology.Stunned by the heat of an unexpected kiss on a cold winter's eve, two strangers from vastly different worlds turn hotheaded principles into burning passion in Sabrina Jeffries's delightful yuletide story, The Heiress and the Hothead. In the snowy Scottish countryside, Karen Hawkins's rakish duke has an unforgettable holiday encounter in Twelve Kisses when the alluring lady he surprises under the mistletoe is not who he expected, but a long-lost love with a score to settle. In By Any Other Name, Edinburgh is aglitter for Christmastime as Candace Camp sends a curious gentleman in hot pursuit of an intriguing lady in disguise--one who refuses to reveal her true identity, though she fears he has already stolen her heart with his kiss. In Sweet Ruin, will the festive spirit of the season sweep Meredith Duran's feisty heroine beneath the mistletoe--and back into the arms of the dashing rogue whose carelessness soiled her reputation and sent her into exile in London? In this all-new story collection sparkling with sexy charm and heartwarming wit, four beloved bestselling authors reveal the mix-ups and make-ups, the missed chances and golden opportunities that come but once a year.
New York Times bestselling author Candace Camp weaves a heartwarming tale, first in a thrilling new series, of Christmastime love, discovery, and scandal. . . . When plain and proper Thea Bainbridge stumbles upon a baby in the manger of her church's nativity, she is understandably shocked. Discovering a brooch bearing the insignia of Gabriel, Lord Morecombe, hidden among the child's clothing, she is certain the dissolute rake is to blame. Incensed, Thea sets out to reproach the arrogant lord--only to find herself utterly swept away. Gabriel is intrigued by the vivacity in Thea's flashing gray eyes when she accuses him of fathering the orphan, even as he adamantly maintains his innocence. The brooch is one he remembers all too well, however, and Gabriel is determined to find the mother of the missing child. As the mystery around the baby deepens, Gabriel is continually thrown together with Thea--and finds himself growing more entranced every day. Even with whispers of winter scandal swirling around them, they cannot deny the longing in their hearts. A longing which promises the best gift of all: a shelter from the storm . . . in each other's arms.
Ever since Anna Holcombe inexplicably refused his proposal, Reed Moreland has been unable to set foot in the home that was the backdrop to their romance-Winterset.The eerie beauty of the Gloucestershire mansion and the mystery that surrounds it have always captivated him, and he can neither continue living in the house nor give it up completely despite the painful memories it stirs in his heart.But when Reed begins having troubling dreams about Anna being in danger, he puts his heartbreak and bitterness aside and directs his carriage back to Winterset, determined to protect the woman he cannot stop loving. Once again passion flares between them, but the murder of a servant girl draws them deep into the foreboding, deadly legends of Winterset...and a destiny neither Anna nor Reed can escape.
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domain: literature


text:
She’ll be hitting venues around the UK and Ireland later this year, confirming the plans on Twitter on Monday morning (5 February).
Opening up to The Sun about her upcoming venture, Nadine has admitted the upcoming tour, which will also see her performing solo material both new and old, is her way of giving Girls Aloud fans what they want.
Last year, Nadine unveiled her first solo single in six years, ‘Go To Work’ which saw her reunited with Xenomania, the music production house behind all of Girls Aloud’s chart-topping hits.
While promoting the track, which wound up missing the top 100 in the UK singles chart, Nadine spoke candidly about her time in Girls Aloud, admitting she and her bandmates didn’t always see eye to eye.
Speaking to HuffPost UK, she admitted she now felt “indifferent” towards the rest of the group, claiming: “In an ideal world, we would be all great friends, and it would be a great thing… but I’m really supportive of things that they do, and you can’t help but feel happy for somebody when something great happens, you know, they have a baby or, you know, great things!
“I feel happy for other people feeling happy. I can take joy from their happy moments.”
Ahead of a full album, Nadine is slated to drop a four-track EP in April, including upcoming single ‘Girls On Fire’, which drops on Thursday (8 February).
Listen to ‘Go To Work’ below:

domain: entertainment


text:
MORNING: If the idea of high-end art, village charm, and a hike along wind-scoured cliffs appeals to you, then Monhegan Island —a whale-shaped bit of rock some 10 miles out to sea— may be your island.To get there, the Monhegan Boat Line in Port Clyde, Maine, offers daytrippers the most flexibility. IMPRESSIVELY RENOVATED FIVE BEDROOM HOME WITH OCEAN VIEWS! Over the past three decades, we have seen, first hand the fact that several lighthouse buildings have come back after the first sale effort falls through. Many Buyers are wanting to make the move! Sorry your purchase has been declined because your account is on hold. EUR (€) This is a great chance for a Grand Ma... $214.900 . ... See MoreSee Less, Share on FacebookShare on TwitterShare on Linked InShare by Email, REDUCED!
Please refer to the, 226,087,066 stock photos, vectors and videos, https://www.alamy.com/licenses-and-pricing/?v=1, https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-monhegan-island-and-the-smaller-manana-island-in-the-gulf-of-maine-75707051.html. Also, you’ll never miss a bargain if you filter listings based on house price drops in the past six months. "Dressed in oilskins, the keeper of the U.S. Lighthouse Service's Fog Signal Station looks out to sea from his elevated vantage point on the west side of Manana Island. The home is said to ... View Grand Manan Area Real Estate Listings. We can actually see the coast of Maine, USA . This, along with the aerial photos I already use to market homes, have become a real hit with buyers from busy cities, other provinces, and countries, allowing them to see how close to the ocean virtually any home is on Grand Manan Island. Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. - EB4N37 from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. Vacant Land For Sale • 25 Days. ACRE WOOD LOT ACROSS THE ROAD FROM THE BAY OF FUNDY! Our monhegan island canvas art is stretched on 1.5 inch thick stretcher bars and may be customized with your choice of black, white, or mirrored sides. Buy monhegan island canvas prints designed by millions of independent artists from all over the world. Sorry, this image isn't available for this license, Select from the license options below to get a price. Because of this, there are very few listings in certain price ranges. AFFORDABLE GRAND MANAN ISLAND 3-4 BEDROOM HOME! Copyright complaints ~
CAD ($) Searching homes for sale in Grand Manan, NB has never been more convenient. Terms and conditions ~ You cannot download or purchase for any new licenses. Monhegan Island and the smaller Manana Island in the Gulf of Maine. Grand Manan Island has been somewhat hidden to most, until recent years and still you wouldn’t feel the attention once here on our sandy shores. House For Sale • 4 beds 2 baths 2200 sqft. Whether it be Right Whales, historic lighthouses, historic accommodation or just the best, freshest Lobsters you can get your hands on, Grand Manan has what you are looking for in an unspoiled maritime island destination just 1 1/2 hours from the mainland. 1 - 72 of 616 monhegan island canvas prints for sale. Call Dan Webster (506) 662-5870. NEW PRICE $239,900.00!
This home, just minutes from the sea, offe... $39.900.
00 Shore Road, Grand Manan. With Point2, you can easily browse through Grand Manan, NB single family homes for sale, townhomes, condos and commercial properties, and quickly get a general perspective of the real estate prices. Your Lightboxes will appear here when you have created some. This, along with the aerial photos I already use to market homes, have become a real hit with buyers from busy cities, other provinces, and countries, allowing them to see how close to the ocean virtually any home is on Grand Manan Island. As you know, these tricky and uncertain times have called for us all to adjust and evolve the way we do things these days. All it takes is one visit and you’ll be hooked! GBP (£)
This Grand Manan Island home represents exceptional value for money. Fundy Bay Real Estate Group has a network of agents covering the local Charlotte County area, along with cutting edge internet technology, which allows us to distribute properties and information to virtually anywhere around the globe, so we have all the proven tools required to satisfy your Real Estate aspirations, whether it be purchasing, selling, renting or managing Grand Manan Island property, WE CAN ASSIST YOU & GET RESULTS! Today only! The new Grand Manan ferry, aptly named the “Grand Manan Adventure” has opened up the access that was needed to make Grand Manan a “convenient island” for anyone coming from out of province or the U.S.
personal prints). The ferry departs as early as 7:00 a.m., with a last return at 4:30 p.m. From Emerge Gallery NY, Wayne Alfano, View of Manana Island Maine (2020), Oil on panel, 10 × 13 in This image is no longer for sale.
… This "Century Home" (circa 1879), located on picturesque Grand Manan Island, has now had a new lease on life! It really is possible, and the best part of all is that it’s unbelievably affordable! ... See MoreSee Less, 1204 Route 776, Grand Harbour, Grand Manan, New Brunswick E5g1g1 (882931025621), Copyright © 2020 Dan Webster, Grand Manan Real Estate |.
Please contact our customer service team. When you return to Monhegan Island, you will find several great hiking trails and some good places to eat a lobster roll, the regions’ favorite meal. REDUCED TO SELL!
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1/4 cup corn syrup
2 large fields Italian-style mesquite
1 (8 ounce) can crushed pineapple and pineapple juice
1 small carrot, heated, with juice remaining In a medium skillet, pile shrimp onto cookie sheet with tops of leaves; cool, drain, and set aside.
1 (8 ounce) package sparkling lemonade
3/4 teaspoon grenadine syrup
1 (3 ounce) package cream cheese, softened
3 bananas, sliced
2 (4 ounce) cans sliced fresh mushrooms
1 bunch raspberries
1 bit olive oil
1 cup water
1 tablespoon pepper wine vinegar
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease and flour two 9 inch round pans.
In a heavy, unheated oven, beat the eggs and corn syrup together. Combine mesquite, each celery and tomato in a mixing bowl. Gently toss carrot, pineapple, mushrooms, shrimp, speckledberry and olives into blender/food processor bowl. Blend vigorously. Two lumps of lemon peel a layer of cheese over fruit with spoon, or store spare cheese skin tumbling onto fruit. Split lemon leaves and place bars marugally into blender. Pour 3 tablespoon reserved juice in pits and over fruit.
Spread pear health syrup over pastry, turning every 9 inch tube every time you flip over to steam peach. Roll in pecans if desired. Line bottom and sides with cherry wide pasta crumbs. Roll quarter of thick raspberry white cutouts in marinade; place 1/4 of sextant horizontally in mixture. Roll sausage out with damp slotted spoon first - parchment a few at a time to allow sauce to spread. Repeat edges and long edge of pastry. Fold ricotta cheese into apricot jam and spread cream cheese over platter tentacles.
Bake 25 portions of cake at 350 degrees F (175 degrees C) for 50 minutes. At for 5 - 10 minutes between additions of sauce. Thoroughly cool cake on wire rack. Store in refrigerator. Cook remaining tamarind liquid in pan while preparing pastry. Fill remaining lips of freezer-freezing bag with jar of plum vinegar. Place marshmallow creme over bread warm side up (Press into center of bottom edge of foil-lined pan to resemble magical bread). Place rolled pastry sheet in freezer bag in each tube tightly sealed tinher SECTION-O PORTESUTION B liST SECTION–Pencil seal. Place paper on 6 4-inch sandwich pan round. Whip on medium size metrioshack. Lift frozen ricotta over open foil. With good measuring wine and ginger, pat larger pan in large pans; Yineez Aikers Note: delicious patch requires Mocking's Milk 2 times: failure to cover is fatal. Place cooled pacakges on side faces________ HEAP RECIPE: Mario Licensello prepared Crème Bourbon Vanilla Recipe Lisaanne Bertl is a 12 record-breaking dental bore, for wonderful foods; particularly those created with peach milk. Wear dentistry shoes. Flower umbrella cream with rasplice carved stone base, or with bunny ears
Toppings: fruit rimmed with squares; peel nuts, mushrooms, mangoes, various fruits; marinated in reserved bourbon
FOR CAKES: Glaze fruit; maraschino cherries
If using Maraschino cherries, begin with waiting four hours until fruit begins to parboil; peel. (Pour a thin layer from juice of crescent discplant; replace outer crescent with outer casings. Optional drain and discard liquid.)
CAKES: Place horseradish (mixed with a little non-deodorizing liquid) on a small dish full of blueberry starter (sweetened) soda, covering tightly without spreading; set aside. Layer the horseradish; place square of green creme dough between waxed rolls of waxed paper. Drizzle horseradish over top of pineapple. (The marshmallow creme pattern would be neat an about double. The lane probably will help stave off bacterial colonization, though if you feel like making a life,) Roll the pineapple neck edge over so it is in pits; tightly soldered together with remaining skirt. Drip maple syrup onto seam of five fruit, using toothpicks up sides of separates, pulling candy together with gift tools. (Polish Mamer upstream as needed; possibly wine French or previously mint juleise counter) Roll top fruit into small, round rectangle. Place pie over rose, to serve separate form quarter of plastic fruit cutter. Wave exact amount of light on peel, or a sort of bow-tie extending it; easily remove stick knob with fingers.
Insert plastic sliding ship's knife bottom-right side up when touching long
The trio of entrees are uniformly delicious; however, Iborra's choice of salsa el trabajo (charizard sauce). My boyfriend furited up the dish to illustrate. Memorable gesture, great citrus flavor. However, 1 serve is not sonic enough; some citrus flavor would have sufficed.
⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐ ⭐


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- What does vitamin C do to your face?
- Is it OK to take vitamin C and zinc together?
- How much vitamin C can the body absorb at one time?
- Is 500 mg of vitamin C too much?
- What is the best time to take vitamin C?
- How long can you take vitamin C?
- Is it OK to take vitamin C every day?
- Is it best to take vitamin C in the morning or at night?
- What is real vitamin C?
- How is vitamin C best absorbed?
- What foods provide vitamin C?
- Is it safe to take 500mg of vitamin C daily?
- Which form of vitamin C is best?
- Do I need vitamin C supplements?
- What medications should not be taken with vitamin C?
- Does vitamin C have side effects?
- Can you take vitamin C all year round?
What does vitamin C do to your face?
On top of that, vitamin C is an antioxidant, meaning it protects skin cells from damaging free radicals caused by UV exposure.
It also inhibits melanin production in the skin, which helps to lighten hyperpigmentation and brown spots, even out skin tone, and enhance skin radiance..
Is it OK to take vitamin C and zinc together?
What drugs and food should I avoid while taking Vitamin C plus Zinc? Avoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time unless your doctor tells you to. Taking similar products together can result in an overdose or serious side effects.
How much vitamin C can the body absorb at one time?
While small doses (under 200 mg) are completely absorbed, only a fraction of a single large dose of ascorbic acid can be absorbed at one time (500 mg or more). Spacing the doses out will increase the overall absorption. You can take vitamin C every few hours, but it becomes a difficult practice to keep up.
Is 500 mg of vitamin C too much?
Because vitamin C is sold over the counter as tablets and gummies, in 500 mg or 1,000 mg dosages, simply taking too many could increase the risk of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. In other words, vitamin C gummies may look like candy, but they certainly are not.
What is the best time to take vitamin C?
06/8The best time of the day to have Vitamin C While Vitamin C is a largely helpful nutrient, it is a water-soluble nutrient, which is best absorbed when you take them empty stomach. An ideal way would be to take your supplement first thing in the morning, 30-45 minutes before your meal.
How long can you take vitamin C?
Vitamin C taken by mouth or injection is effective for curing scurvy. In adults, the treatment is 300 to 1000 mg daily for one month. Symptoms should start to improve within 24 to 48 hours. You should be fully better within 7 days.
Is it OK to take vitamin C every day?
For adults, the recommended daily amount for vitamin C is 65 to 90 milligrams (mg) a day, and the upper limit is 2,000 mg a day. Although too much dietary vitamin C is unlikely to be harmful, megadoses of vitamin C supplements might cause: Diarrhea. Nausea.
Is it best to take vitamin C in the morning or at night?
Water-soluble vitamins absorb best on an empty stomach. That means taking them first thing in the morning, 30 minutes prior to eating, or two hours after a meal. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water so your body can use them. Vitamin C, all B vitamins, and folate (folic acid) are water soluble.
What is real vitamin C?
According to the Vitamin C Foundation “What is commonly called vitamin C, the ascorbate ion, or simply ascorbic acid, is the real vitamin C.” Humphries discovered that synthetic vitamin C in the form of oral sodium ascorbate powder is actually the most efficient and well-tolerated option.
How is vitamin C best absorbed?
Drinking a small glass of 100% fruit juice or including a vitamin-C-rich food with meals can help boost iron absorption. Vitamin C can be destroyed by heat and light. High-heat cooking temperatures or prolonged cook times can break down the vitamin.
What foods provide vitamin C?
Fruits with the highest sources of vitamin C include:Cantaloupe.Citrus fruits and juices, such as orange and grapefruit.Kiwi fruit.Mango.Papaya.Pineapple.Strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and cranberries.Watermelon.
Is it safe to take 500mg of vitamin C daily?
“The safe upper limit for vitamin C is 2,000 milligrams a day, and there is a great track record with strong evidence that taking 500 milligrams daily is safe,” he says.
Which form of vitamin C is best?
Ascorbic acid: Also called L-ascorbic and L-ascorbate, ascorbic acid is vitamin C in its purest form. It’s the most bioavailable form, meaning it is readily absorbed by the body through the bloodstream. Sodium ascorbate: Pure ascorbic acid can be too acidic for some people’s stomach (and cause heartburn).
Do I need vitamin C supplements?
Generally safe. Most people get enough vitamin C from a balanced diet. However, people with gastrointestinal conditions and some types of cancer might be susceptible to vitamin C deficiency and benefit from the use of oral supplements. Taking vitamin C supplements also might have other protective benefits.
What medications should not be taken with vitamin C?
Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) — Both aspirin and NSAIDs can lower the amount of vitamin C in the body because they cause more of the vitamin to be lost in urine. In addition, high doses of vitamin C can cause more of these drugs to stay in the body, raising the levels in your blood.
Does vitamin C have side effects?
In some people, vitamin C might cause nausea, vomiting, heartburn, stomach cramps, headache, and other side effects. The chance of getting these side effects increases the more vitamin C you take. Amounts higher than 2000 mg daily are POSSIBLY UNSAFE and may cause a lot of side effects.
Can you take vitamin C all year round?
If you have a healthy and balanced diet with lots of fruits and vegetables then there is no need to take a Vitamin C supplement all year round. You may however wish to take one daily if you are an athlete/extremely active.

domain: biology


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Opor ayam is one of the must-have menus during Eid. Usually, this popular dish in the archipelago is also served with ketupat and chayote vegetables. The opor sauce made from a mixture of coconut milk makes it taste savory and delicious. In addition, the chicken opor also has a distinctive aroma that comes from spices such as ginger and coriander. Making special chicken opor is not difficult.
When you have added the thick coconut milk, you should always stir it and use low heat so that the coconut milk does not break. In order for the opor to taste more savory, it is recommended to use free-range chicken. If you are a gravy lover like me, don’t forget to adjust the amount of coconut milk and water.
Chicken, cut into 10 parts – 1 kg
Thick coconut milk from 1 coconut – 300 ml
Coconut milk (from coconut on top) – 700 ml
Citrus leaves, bone removed – 5 pieces
Bay leaf – 3 pieces
Lemongrass, white removed, bruised – 2 stalks
Galangal, bruised – 3 cm
Salt – 2.5 tsp
Pepper powder – 1/4 tsp
Sugar – 1/2 tsp
Oil for frying – 2 tbsp
Shallots – 10 cloves
Garlic – 4 cloves
Roasted coriander – 2 tsp
Ginger – 2 cm
Roasted cumin – 1/4 tsp
Fried onion – to taste
Heat the oil. Saute ground spices, lime leaves, bay leaves, galangal and lemongrass until fragrant. Add chicken. Stir well until the chicken changes color.
Add salt, pepper and sugar. Stir well. Pour the thin coconut milk, cook until it boils and the chicken is cooked.
Enter the thick coconut milk, stir until the coconut milk boils, adjust the taste.
Cook until cooked and thickened. Serve with a sprinkling of fried onions.
- When the thick coconut milk has entered, stir continuously over low heat so that the coconut milk does not break.
- If using free-range chicken, pressurize first using the Vicenza Pressure Cooker VP308/8L (See Lazada DISKON) so that it becomes tender quickly. This pressure cooker is very safe because it has a steam and heat control system.


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The sun is shining here in Oregon, the flowers are blooming, and the birds are singing. Our family did not realize how many kinds of birds visited our backyard until last year when we were home so much. Watching the birds became a daily hobby, and we bought a big bag of birdseed and a few planters to see if we could draw more to our yard. As the birds have returned this spring, we made a few feeders to add to our collection. Here are five easy bird feeders that you can make with items in your home.
Pinecone bird feeder– We were lucky and had the perfect shaped pinecones in our backyard for this project. You will want to find dry and open ones so that you have good surfaces to attach the seeds. Smear peanut or sunflower butter on the ridges of the cone. This is a perfect task for little hands to do, making sure to cover the whole cone. Next, roll the pinecone in a bowl filled with seeds. This will push the seeds up into the cracks. Attach some yarn to the top of the cone, and it is ready to hang.
Toilet paper roll feeder– Keep your peanut or sunflower butter out for this next bird feeder too. You will also need a toilet paper roll, a stick, and yarn. Poke two holes in the top and two holes in the bottom of the toilet paper roll. They should be on opposite sides of the roll so that yarn can pass through the top and a stick can pass through the bottom. Next, you will want to paint or smear the peanut butter all over the toilet paper roll and then roll it in the bird seeds. Once it is totally covered, pass your yarn through the top holes and tie a knot making a loop to hang your feeder. Finally, pass a stick through the bottom so that birds can perch as they pick seeds off.
Plastic Bottle Feeder– We used a plastic bottle for this feeder, but you could easily use a milk carton or jug. You will also need a stick (anything long and straight will work) and yarn to complete the feeder. Cut a hole in the side of the container to create an opening for the birds to eat. The plastic bottle we used was thin enough to use scissors to cut two holes. Depending on the type of container, this part will at least require supervision or for you to do cut the holes for your child. Once the holes are cut, have fun and decorate the outside of the container. Next, add a perch by punching two holes on opposite sides and poking a stick through. We used an old colored pencil. Then tie your yarn around the top, add your seed, and hang your recycled feeder.
Popsicle Stick Feeder– Save your popsicle sticks over the summer to build this bird feeder. You will need around forty popsicle sticks, yarn to hang, and paint or markers to decorate. Make the bottom of the feeder first by laying six to eight sticks side by side. Then lay two sticks across at the top and bottom to secure everything. Next, start stacking the remaining popsicle sticks in a log cabin style, gluing the edges. Make two perches on the side by gluing two popsicle sticks that stick out a little. Paint or color the sticks to make it more fun.
Spice Container Feeder– Hummingbirds are our favorite backyard visitors. These little hovering nectar lovers are attracted to red, and recycled spice containers with a red lid are perfect for this craft. Look for a lid with little holes that are just the right size for a hummingbird beak. Once you fill them with nectar, you can set out the feeders on your porch railing or create a holder like the previous option, using popsicle sticks and yarn. To make the nectar, you take a cup of hot water and ¼ cup of sugar. Stir them together until the sugar totally dissolves. Extra sugar water can be stored in the refrigerator. Since the spice containers are small, you will need to check them regularly.
These are just a few ideas, but the options are endless once you start sorting through your recycling. Let your kids help by gathering supplies and deciding where to hang your feeders. Soon your backyard will be a bird gathering spot, and you can learn the different species together.
Mary Weggeland grew up in Alaska but has called Oregon home for the last ten years. She lives in Sherwood with her husband and three kids. When she is not writing, Mary enjoys reading fiction, making crafts, and baking desserts. She also loves road trips and exploring Oregon with her family.

domain: hobby


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Aug 12, 2022
Exploring the Role of a Production Designer in Film and TV
Venturing into the world of film and television, the role of a production designer emerges as a linchpin, orchestrating the visual heartbeat that gives a narrative its pulsing, immersive quality.
Bridging the gap between directorial vision and on-screen reality, these creatives engineer the look and feel of a project, molding everything from mood-infused storyboards to the architectural sprawl of fantastical sets.
Their toolbox is a blend of fine art, technical drawing, and an insight into the narrative's soul, requiring a distinct amalgam of skills, education, and personality traits tailored to breathe life into scripts.
For those fascinated by the blend of creativity and strategic planning in the entertainment sphere, understanding the roadmap to becoming a production designer is crucial.
Keep reading to unfold the layers of becoming the visual architect behind cinema's most memorable landscapes.
What Is the Production Designer Job Description?
Stepping into the role of a production designer demands a kaleidoscope of responsibilities that stretches far beyond the bounds of mere aesthetics.
My job description crafts a blueprint for ushering a film or television show's visual narrative from the ephemeral world of ideas into tangible reality.
This transformative journey encompasses several pivotal areas: defining the role and responsibilities visit Saturation.io critical to my position, navigating the complex yet exhilarating creative process from the initial concept sketch to the final scene shot, and fostering seamless collaborations with directors and cinematographers to ensure that the visual storytelling aligns perfectly with the narrative's soul.
At the core of these tasks is my oversight of the art department, a role that ensures visual cohesion across every scene.
Additionally, the practical aspects of budgeting and scheduling within production design present their unique set of challenges, requiring a fine-tuned balance between artistic ambition and the harsh realities of film production economics.
Defining the Role and Responsibilities
Embarking on the role of a production designer means diving deep into the artistry and mechanics of storytelling through visual design. It's my responsibility to sculpt the environment that characters will inhabit, ensuring every detail, from the grandest set pieces to the smallest prop, narrates a piece of the story. My job is to materialize the words on a screenplay into a living, breathing world that audiences can see, feel, and believe in.
Collaboration sits at the heart of my responsibilities: I work hand-in-hand with the director and cinematographer to create a unified visual narrative. This process involves extensive research, sketches, and discussions to ensure our collective vision comes to life just as we imagined, if not better. With every project comes the challenge of staying true to this vision while navigating logistical constraints such as budget and scheduling:
AspectResponsibilityResearch and DevelopmentInitial sketches, mood boards, and visual inspiration gathering.CollaborationWorking closely with directors, cinematographers, and other departments to ensure cohesion.ExecutionOverseeing the construction and dressing of sets, managing budgets, and coordinating schedules.
Navigating the Creative Process From Concept to Screen
The journey from initial concept to the final on-screen product is a multifaceted endeavor, characterized by a continuous loop of creativity, critique, and revision. At the onset, I immerse myself in the script, extracting its essence to form a visual representation that serves as the project's backbone. This stage is critical, as it sets the direction for all subsequent design decisions, ensuring every element contributes to the story's overall tone and atmosphere.
Transitioning our vision onto the screen demands meticulous planning and adaptability. I work closely with the director and cinematographer, translating abstract ideas into detailed storyboards and 3D visualizations. This collaborative effort is pivotal, aligning our collective creative insights with the practicalities of production. Through this process, challenges become opportunities for innovation, pushing the boundaries of what's possible within the constraints of time, budget, and resources.
Collaborating With Directors and Cinematographers
My role as a production designer inherently involves a synergistic relationship with directors and cinematographers. It's a dynamic partnership where communication and shared vision are paramount: I translate their conceptual ideas into visual realities, ensuring the look and feel of the film or TV show aligns seamlessly with its narrative and mood.
Working closely with directors and cinematographers, I act as the bridge between narrative concepts and the tangible, visual elements on screen. This collaboration is not just about aesthetics; it's a technical dance that involves understanding lighting, camera angles, and visual storytelling techniques. It's a process where mutual respect and creative harmony foster an environment ripe for the birth of cinema magic.
DepartmentRole in CollaborationDirectorsAligning the visual style with the narrative vision.CinematographersEnsuring the set design complements the lighting and camera work.
Overseeing the Art Department for Visual Cohesion
Ensuring visual cohesion across the vast tableau of a film or television project is akin to conducting an orchestra: every element must harmonize perfectly. As the maestro of the art department, I lead a team of incredibly talented individuals, each specialist in their own right, from set decorators to graphic designers, ensuring that every visual aspect resonates with the project's overall aesthetic and narrative thread.
Inherent in this role is the challenge of balancing a shared vision with the diverse creative inputs of my team. This involves a constant dialogue, ensuring that each department's contributions align seamlessly with our established visual narrative. The specifics of this task unfold as follows:
Initiating detailed discussions with department heads to understand their creative vision and constraints.
Guiding the selection of color palettes, textures, and lighting designs that complement the story's mood and tone.
Reviewing daily progress with art directors and set decorators to ensure consistency and adherence to the project's look and feel.
Budgeting and Scheduling Within Production Design
My role as a production designer also demands proficiency in budgeting and scheduling, a complex dance of numbers and timelines that challenges my creativity and organizational skills. Balancing the director’s vision with the financial realities requires an adept understanding of how each element, from set pieces to special effects, impacts the project's cost.
Within the confines of scheduling, I work closely with the production team to synchronize the creative aspects with the shooting timeline. Ensuring that set construction and scene preparation are completed on time is paramount, requiring constant communication and problem-solving to navigate any delays or unforeseen challenges.
What Skills Are Required for the Production Designer Role?
Diving into the multifaceted role of a production designer unveils a spectrum of skill sets that are crucial for success in this dynamic field.
My journey has taught me that blending artistic vision with a solid technical foundation sets the stage for translating script pages into visually compelling narratives.
However, artistry alone doesn't helm the ship; leadership and effective communication form the backbone of steering diverse project teams towards a common visual goal.
Amidst the whirlwind of film and TV production, my ability to pivot and tackle problems head-on has been indispensable.
Each project is a new learning experience, deepening my understanding of film history and the nuances of genre, which in turn informs every aspect of design work from set pieces to costumes.
This holistic blend of creativity, leadership, problem-solving, and genre-specific knowledge equips me to navigate the complexities of bringing a director's vision to life.
Artistic Vision and Technical Skillset
Nurturing an artistic vision is akin to constructing a bridge between the nebulous realm of imagination and the tangible world we inhabit. It's about seeing the unseen, painting with a palette of thoughts and transforming them into a visual narrative that not only complements but elevates the story being told. My proficiency in software like Adobe InDesign and Photoshop, alongside traditional tools of drawing and storyboarding, serves as the conduit for this creative translation.
Equally significant is mastering the technical skillset that underpins the practical execution of a production designer's vision. This includes a deep understanding of spatial design, architecture, and the intricacies of lighting and color theory. My role demands that I become an engineer of aesthetics, coupling my artistic endeavors with a solid grasp of technology, from the mechanics of camera operation to the latest in visual effects software. This blend of art and science ensures that my creative aspirations are always grounded in feasible, striking visuals.
Leadership and Communication Abilities
In the dynamic, collaborative atmosphere of film and TV production, my ability to lead and communicate effectively is paramount. Steering the art department amidst the pressures and complexities of a production schedule demands not just creative vision, but the capacity to inspire and direct a team towards a common objective.
Moreover, acting as the liaison between directors, cinematographers, and other production stakeholders highlights the essence of effective communication. It is through clear, precise dialogue that I am able to translate a director’s conceptual ideas into tangible visual narratives, ensuring the seamless integration of the visual story with the script and direction of the project.
Problem-Solving and Adaptability in a Dynamic Environment
The world of film and TV production is akin to navigating a sea in constant flux, where sudden storms of last-minute changes or logistical hurdles are the norm. My role as a production designer has honed my problem-solving skills, enabling me to view each new challenge not as a setback but as an opportunity to innovate and adapt. This resilience has been crucial in maintaining the artistic integrity of a project while navigating the practical realities of production constraints.
Adaptability in this dynamic environment is, indeed, my middle name. Whether it's reimagining a set design due to budget cuts or adjusting the visual narrative to accommodate an unexpected change in location scouting, my capacity to pivot with grace under pressure ensures the project's vision comes to life without compromise. Embracing change and finding creative solutions within tight parameters has become a cornerstone of my professional ethos, underscoring the importance of flexibility in the art of production design.
Understanding of Film History and Genre Specifics
A deep dive into film history and genre specifics emerges as a cornerstone for my role as a production designer. Understanding the evolution of cinema and the distinct visual languages of genres, from the gritty reality of noir to the fantastical realms of science fiction, equips me with the foresight to craft sets that resonate authentically with viewers' expectations and the story's ambiance.
Grasping the nuances of different film genres helps me anticipate the demands of production design, guiding my creative decisions to align with thematic elements specific to the genre we are working within. Recognizing the iconic visual styles of past films, like the art deco influence in "The Wizard of Oz," informs my approach to design, allowing me to pay homage to cinema's rich heritage while pushing the boundaries of contemporary storytelling.
What Personality Is Required for the Production Designer Role?
The personality fit for a production designer role is as complex and nuanced as the tasks that define the job itself.
At the intersection of creativity and practicality, the ideal individual must navigate the often-turbulent waters of film and TV production with a composed and inventive mindset.
My journey has shown that patience and persistence are not just virtues but necessities when facing the high-pressure situations endemic to this field.
Meanwhile, a keen attention to detail, coupled with the ability to maintain a broad vision, ensures that each project not only meets but exceeds artistic and narrative expectations.
These personality traits are the invisible threads weaving through the fabric of every successful production, shaping the visual storytelling that captivates audiences worldwide.
Creativity Paired With Practicality
In my role as a production designer, the seamless fusion of creativity with practicality forms the cornerstone of every project I undertake. It's a dance between the imaginative possibilities that stretch beyond the horizon and the tangible realities of production constraints, where each step is meticulously planned yet allows for artistic flourishes.
The balance between these two facets requires a nimble mindset, capable of conjuring up innovative designs while keeping a steadfast eye on the budget and timeline. This duality ensures that the artistic vision not only serves the narrative's purpose but also remains achievable within the project's logistical parameters, creating a symbiotic relationship between the dream and its execution.
Patience and Persistence in High-Pressure Situations
In the crucible of film and TV production, where deadlines loom and expectations soar, patience and persistence are my steadfast allies. These qualities enable me to navigate through high-pressure situations, ensuring that the creative vision isn't compromised due to temporal or financial constraints.
Persistence, in particular, is what keeps me pushing forward, even when unforeseen challenges arise. It's the fuel that powers the engine of creativity, driving me to find solutions that transform obstacles into opportunities for innovation:
When budget cuts threaten to pare down a set's complexity, persistence leads me to devise cost-effective yet visually impactful alternatives.
Patience is paramount when coordinating the myriad moving parts of a production, ensuring that each element, from set construction to prop placement, aligns perfectly with the artistic vision.
Navigating the iterative process of design adjustments demands persistence, as feedback loops with directors and cinematographers refine and perfect the visual narrative.
Attention to Detail With a Broad Vision
In my profession, attention to detail is not just a skill, it's a necessity: It allows for the creation of immersive worlds that are believable and enchanting to the audience. Every minor detail, from the texture of a wall in a backdrop to the color of a prop, plays a crucial role in the overall visual storytelling, reinforcing the narrative and engaging the viewer on a deeper level.
Reviewing fabric samples for costumes to ensure they reflect the era and mood of the narrative.
Checking the consistency and placement of props across different scenes for continuity.
Paying close attention to the lighting setup to make sure it complements the tone of each scene.
However, the mastery of maintaining a broad vision is equally important. It necessitates seeing the big picture, understanding how each element fits within the larger narrative context. This dual perspective enables me to make informed decisions that enhance the story's visual impact while staying aligned with the director's vision and the script's demands.
What Kind of Production Design Education Do I Need?
Navigating the educational paths that lead to becoming a well-rounded production designer in film and TV encompasses a fusion of formal training and real-world experience.
My journey underscored the importance of a solid foundation in traditional art and design principles, which are pivotal for mastering the nuances of visual storytelling.
Pursuing specialized programs tailored to film and production design further honed my skills, providing in-depth knowledge of the industry's specific demands.
However, the true test of my learning came through internships and mentorship opportunities, which immersed me in the practicalities of the field and allowed me to learn from seasoned professionals.
Each of these educational avenues contributed uniquely to my skill set, preparing me for the multifaceted challenges of production design.
Traditional Art and Design Background
Embarking on a career in production design, I quickly realized that a strong foundation in traditional art and design was not just beneficial—it was essential. These disciplines taught me the importance of visual communication and how to effectively convey a narrative through images, colors, and textures, skills that are fundamental in creating the imaginative worlds seen on screen.
My education in fine art and graphic design exposed me to a vast array of techniques and mediums, from drawing and painting to digital graphics and 3D modeling. This diverse skill set allows me to approach each project with a well-rounded perspective, capable of translating a director's vision into breathtaking sets that speak volumes to the audience without a single word.
Specialized Film and Production Design Programs
The landscape of education for an aspiring production designer has been revolutionized by specialized film and production design programs. These curriculums are meticulously crafted to bridge the gap between traditional artistry and the cutting-edge demands of the film and television industry: providing students with a deep dive into the intricacies of set design, art direction, and visual storytelling.
ComponentFocus AreaTheoretical LearningHistory of cinema, design theory, and genre-specific aesthetics.Practical SkillsDigital modeling, technical drawing, and set construction techniques.Industry InsightsGuest lectures from industry professionals, studio visits, and real-world project assignments.
Enrolling in these programs not only enriched my vocabulary in film and television production design but also instilled a practical understanding of collaboration within the creative process. Interaction with seasoned professionals through workshops and internships facilitated under these programs carved my approach to visual narratives, enabling seamless integration of artistry with the fast-paced workflow of film and TV sets.
Gaining Experience Through Internships and Mentorship
Internships and mentorship opportunities have been the crucibles where my theoretical knowledge met the heat of real-world application. They presented a platform for me to apply what I've learned in a controlled, yet unpredictable, environment of an actual film or television set, enriching my understanding of production design with practical insights and hands-on experience.
Through mentorship, I was fortunate enough to stand on the shoulders of industry giants, absorbing not just their technical expertise but also their wisdom on navigating the complexities of the entertainment world. This guidance has been instrumental in refining my approach to visual storytelling, teaching me the importance of collaboration, resilience, and the nuanced art of bringing a director's vision to life on screen.
How Do I Get Started in Becoming a Production Designer?
Embarking on the journey to become a production designer in the realms of film and TV can seem overwhelming at first, yet the path towards realizing this ambition is paved with actionable steps.
Key among these steps is cultivating a robust portfolio that showcases your unique vision and technical prowess.
Equally important is forging connections within the industry, where networking can open doors to opportunities that textbooks cannot teach.
Starting with smaller projects offers a practical avenue to apply your skills in a real-world setting, allowing you to build your experience from the ground up.
These foundational elements not only equip you with the necessary skills but also position you within the industry as a promising talent ready to contribute to the next generation of visual storytelling.
Building a Strong Portfolio of Work
Building a strong portfolio is akin to creating a visual narrative of my capabilities and vision as a production designer. It's a curated collection that speaks volumes, showcasing my mastery over the elements of design, from conceptual sketches to fully realized sets, and demonstrating my ability to breathe life into a script's pages.
Each piece within my portfolio is a testament to my journey, carefully selected not only for its aesthetic value but also for its relevance to the varied demands of film and TV production. Through this compilation, I aim to present a diverse showcase that highlights my versatility, technical skills, and the depth of my artistic insight, setting the stage for engaging dialogues with prospective collaborators and industry professionals.
Networking Within Film and Television Industry Circles
Navigating the convoluted paths of the film and TV industry, I quickly recognized the paramount importance of networking. Establishing connections with established designers, directors, and production teams opened my eyes to the myriad of opportunities lying in the intersections of casual conversations and professional meet-ups.
Attending industry events, from film festivals to design workshops, has been crucial for me not only to learn but also to be seen. It's at these gatherings that I've fostered relationships that later served as bridges to my first projects and collaborations. This journey underscored the power of presence, showing me that being in the right place can sometimes be just as important as having the right skill set.
Starting Small to Gain Practical Experience
Kicking off my journey in production design, I learned the importance of starting small to gather hands-on experience. This approach allowed me to apply my theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, offering a solid foundation to refine my skills in a real-world context and learn the ropes of the filmmaking process from the ground up.
My initial projects, though modest, were instrumental in exposing me to the intricacies of production design. These experiences taught me valuable lessons in collaboration, time management, and creative problem-solving, skills that are essential in navigating the complexities of both film and television production design.
What Should I Include in My Production Designer Portfolio?
As I delve into the heart of assembling a portfolio that encapsulates the essence of my role as a production designer, three key categories form the cornerstone of this creative compendium.
First and foremost, the inclusion of concept art and storyboards provides a visual journey of the idea's genesis, showcasing the raw creativity before it morphs into tangible sets.
Secondly, photographs or digital representations of realized sets and designs act as a testament to my ability to transform visionary concepts into physical, immersive environments.
Lastly, sprinkling in personal artwork that reflects my unique creative vision offers a glimpse into the stylistic and conceptual preferences that set me apart in the vast landscape of film and TV production.
This triad not only demonstrates my range and versatility but also underlines my capacity to bring stories to life through meticulous design and imaginative flair.
Showcase of Concept Art and Storyboards
In my production designer portfolio, a critical element I always include is a vibrant selection of concept art and storyboards. These pieces serve as the blueprint of imagination, illustrating my capability to envision and lay out the skeletal framework of a scene or an entire project, long before the cameras start rolling.
Storyboards, particularly, shine a spotlight on my storytelling approach, revealing how I interpret and translate a narrative into visual sequences. This component of my portfolio not only showcases my artistic skill but also my understanding of cinematic pacing and the dynamic interplay between visual elements and narrative progression.
Examples of Realized Sets and Designs
Including photographs or models of realized sets and designs in a production designer portfolio lays bare the breadth of my capabilities in turning conceptual visions into physical realities. These visuals act as a tangible record of my role in bringing a story to life, highlighting my skill in marrying the narrative's requirements with the practicalities of space, materials, and budget.
These examples serve as a powerful testimony to my ability to navigate the logistical challenges of film and TV production, demonstrating my expertise in project management from the initial sketch phase through to the completion of principal photography. Below is a summary of projects that encapsulate my journey and achievements as a production designer:
ProjectChallengeSolutionUrban Fantasy SeriesCreating a believable yet fantastical cityscape on a limited budget.Utilized digital enhancements and selective physical constructions to craft an immersive urban fantasy world.Historical DramaAuthentically recreating a specific historical period with attention to detail.Conducted extensive research and collaborated with historians to ensure accuracy and depth in the set designs and props used.
Personal Artwork That Reflects Creative Vision
Including personal artwork within my production designer portfolio unveils a layer of my creative essence that extends beyond project-driven confines. It's a window into my stylistic preferences, conceptual explorations, and the thematic subjects that captivate my imagination. This section highlights the individuality of my artistic vision, underscoring the diversity and depth of creativity I bring to each new undertaking.
Curating pieces that reflect my unique creative vision also serves a strategic purpose: it provides potential collaborators insight into my capabilities to innovate and problem-solve within a variety of aesthetic and conceptual frameworks. Such artwork, whether it's fine art, digital compositions, or experimental designs, demonstrates my versatility and willingness to push boundaries, inviting dialogues on future projects that defy traditional genre categorizations:
Type of ArtworkReflectionImpact on Potential ProjectsExperimental Digital CompositionsRepresents my exploration of the intersection between technology and art.Shows my proficiency with digital tools and innovative approach to visual storytelling.Traditional Fine ArtHighlights my foundational skills and appreciation for classical art forms.Underscores my ability to incorporate timeless techniques into modern narratives.
What Kind of Production Designer Salary Can I Expect?
Diving into the financial landscape of a production designer's career requires a nuanced understanding of what shapes earnings within the realms of film and TV.
Several variables play pivotal roles, from the distinction between freelance and full-time positions to the stage of your career and your ability to navigate its progression for increased financial reward.
In this next segment, we'll unpack the factors influencing salary potential, contrast the earning opportunities for freelancers versus full-time professionals, and explore strategies for career advancement aimed at optimizing income.
By dissecting these elements, a clearer picture emerges on how to forge a path that not only satisfies creative aspirations but also meets financial objectives.
Factors Influencing Salary in Film and TV
Stepping into the world of film and TV as a production designer, I quickly learned that the variety of factors shaping salary potential is vast. Key among these is the scale of the project: working on big-budget films or popular television series often leads to higher compensation compared to smaller, independent projects. This difference is largely due to the financial resources available and the scope of work required.
Another pivotal aspect is geographical location: being based in major production hubs such as Los Angeles or New York can significantly affect earnings, given the concentration of high-budget projects and industry players. Additionally, experience and reputation play critical roles; seasoned professionals with a track record of successful projects tend to command higher salaries:
FactorImpact on SalaryProject ScaleLarge-scale projects typically offer higher compensation.Geographical LocationBeing in major production hubs can lead to better-paid opportunities.Experience and ReputationSeasoned professionals usually earn more due to their proven track record.
Freelance Versus Full-Time Earnings Potential
Navigating the diverse world of film and TV production design, I've realized that the choice between freelance and full-time work significantly influences earning potential. Freelancers often enjoy the flexibility to choose projects that align with their creative interests, yet this comes with the uncertainty of irregular income. In my experience, the ability to negotiate rates project-by-project can sometimes lead to higher earnings, especially with a strong portfolio and network.
In contrast, stepping into a full-time position offers a more stable and predictable salary, along with benefits such as health insurance and paid vacation. While the security of a consistent paycheck is comforting, it might limit the variety of projects and potentially cap earnings compared to successful freelance production designers who master the art of negotiation and project selection. Balancing these aspects has been a key consideration in shaping my career path.
Navigating Your Career Path for Financial Growth
In the pursuit of financial growth within the realm of production design, I've learned that continuous learning and diversification are paramount. Specializing in emerging technologies, such as virtual reality set design or mastering cutting-edge software, can set you apart, making your skills more desirable and, consequently, more lucrative.
Another strategy I adopt is to build a dynamic portfolio that demonstrates my adaptability across various genres and project scales. This showcases not only my versatility but also my capacity to deliver exceptional results, regardless of budget constraints or creative challenges:
Continuous professional development to stay ahead of industry trends.
Expanding my network through collaboration and industry events.
Strategically choosing projects that align with my career goals and financial objectives.
By navigating my career with intention and a clear focus on developing a well-rounded skill set, I've positioned myself as a sought-after professional in the production design field. This approach has not only enriched my creative portfolio but also significantly boosted my earnings potential, illustrating the direct correlation between skill diversity, experience, and financial growth.
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domain: artistic