text: Rosemary EXTRACT is safe for dogs but Rosemary essential oil is toxic for dogs. Just as for people, oatmeal shampoo for dogs can be just as beneficial as a pH buffer. However, the truth is that dogs frequently suffer from yeast infections too. An oatmeal shampoo is gentle enough to use every time your precious pooch needs bathed. Vet Info recommends a simple three-ingredient flea shampoo recipe you can mix up right away. It is certainly flying off the shelves in pharmacies and beauty stores, with plenty of medical evidence to suggest that it has a number of great benefits. Antibacterial shampoo for dogs 5. Article from lifemadefull.com. Bathing can strip away the natural oils in your dog’s skin and fur that keep the skin moist and healthy. A bathtub. Antifungal shampoo for dogs. Again, if you make a small batch of shampoo with an essential oil, you can always do a small ‘patch’ test first. .. Best of all, coconut oil smells great, which makes it a slam-dunk choice for when your smelly pooch walks by and you know it without even having to look up. For instance, the natural antiseptic and antiparasitic properties of lemon juice can add shine and body to your dog’s coat while repelling pests naturally. You can always test a small area first before giving your dog a complete shampoo. You know what works great for storing and using dry dog shampoo? This is in spite of the fact that it is moderately acidic itself in its raw form. Flea shampoo for dogs 2. Their hair is extremely dry, and the shedding is just getting out of control. Could Be This,” Mercola’s Healthy Pets, 2017. Many people use it in shampoo, and even dogs with chronic skin problems, mild or serious, can enjoy its benefits. Burtâs Bees oatmeal shampoo for dogs is jam-packed with 97% natural ingredients, including soothing colloidal oat flour, honey, beeswax, and green tea â¦ See more ideas about oatmeal shampoo, dogs, diy dog stuff. EO’s are not benign, pretty smelling oils. Oatmeal shampoo for dry, itchy skin. 2005. Viste, G.B., Silvestre, R.C., Tabije, N.B., and Silvestre, J.Q. Grind 1 cup of oatmeal in your food processor or blender to make a fine oat flour or powder. When Do Puppies Stop Biting And How To Cope With A... Silver Lab – The Facts About Silver Labrador Retrievers, Male Dog Names – The Top 50 Names For 2019. Aug 28, 2016 - Does your dog have dry, itchy skin? The oatmeal homemade dog shampoo for dry skin recipe described earlier is effective for easing both dry skin and itchy skin. Even if you don’t need as much, there is nothing to stop you getting together with friends and placing a big order! Oatmeal Bath for Dogs: Benefits, How to Make Homemade Oatmeal Baths Dogs often develop dry skin as well as intense itching due to factors such as flea infestation, allergies, exposure to poison ivy etc. Luckily, as it happens, you can make conditioners that replenish the oils and leave the coat glossy and smooth. For this reason, the first time you use any new homemade shampoo for dogs – no matter how carefully you have assembled the ingredients – always watch your dog closely afterwards to make sure the pH balance is a good fit for his natural skin pH level. Usually there are few major problems, but it is always worth setting your mind at rest. Have you got any homemade hacks to keep your dog smelling sweet? Known to be an anti-inflammatory herb that can assist in â¦ For more homemade dog shampoo recipes, head on over to Dogster and check out their simple and powerful ways to curb canine odour! Another simple ingredient with some well-documented benefits for skin is oatmeal. Homemade dog shampoo bars are a lot like face & body bars, but your dogâs skin and hair pH is a bit more acidic than ours so a few changes are necessary. Some veterinarians describe the distinctive scent of an emerging yeast infection as similar to molding bread or old corn chips. After reading the previous section, you might be thinking, “Why shouldn’t I?” After all, at least if you make your dog’s shampoo personally, you will be able to identify what’s in it! That’s a reason why it is sometimes good to mix smaller batches of shampoo first so that you can test your recipe. As luck would have it, you can make your own homemade dry dog shampoo. Well, it is just as beneficial to dogs. The mix will with the added benefit of a conditioner and detangler for dogs with long hair. If your dog seems to regularly struggle with itchy skin or a persistent odor, it may be due to an organism that goes by the scientific name of Malassezia pachydermatis (otherwise known as yeast). Don’t forget, as mentioned in the previous section, a bit too alkaline is okay, but too acidic is not. Another essential oil shown to alleviate yeast infections is tea tree oil, although you should test it first to make sure that it doesn’t irritate your puppy’s skin. Cut recipe in half for smaller dogs. There are many more reasons other than scary ingredients to consider making your dog’s shampoo at home. Visit the post for more. Anyone with an active dog will tell you that homemade dog shampoo can be a real money saver. Oatmeal is used in many pet grooming products, as well as human products, for its healing, soothing and pH balancing properties. Many people use it in shampoo, and even dogs with chronic skin problems, mild or serious, can enjoy its benefits. The reason for this buffer effect is due to the way that oatmeal interacts with water. See more ideas about Dog shampoo, Homemade dog shampoo, Homemade dog. Labrador Retriever Life Span – How Long Do Labs Live? You will also need some jars to store your recipe in. Simply shampooing and rinse just a small patch of your dog’s skin and coat with the new shampoo recipe. Oatmeal â particularly useful for nurturing dry, itchy or sensitive skin (both humans and dogs can benefit from oatmeal baths!) Effects of azadirachtin on Ctenocephalides felis in the dog and the cat. Warm waterâbut not hot, as hot water can dry out the skin and can worsen inflammation. Indeed, sometimes simply bathing your dog too frequently can give rise to dry, itchy skin. Coconut oil is incredibly soothing to the skin. Oatmeal has long been used to sooth itchy and irritated skin because it contains avenanthramides and phenols. Peppermint is actually not highly recommended for dogs and I would leave that one out of consideration all together. Stir the water until the oatmeal is completely dissolved and allow the mixture to sit for five to 10 minutes. However, that gives you a base shampoo that doesn’t really do much and doesn’t have much scent. you will know your dog is itchy if it keeps scratching, licking, and chewing at its fur. For instance, your dog may have sensitive skin and needs the most mild, non-irritating shampoo possible. We’ve found even more great recipes for you on BullyMax. Pour the mixture through a coffee filter or sieve. You already have items in your pantry that will pamper your pooch and relieve her itch. With this, the shampoo pH will do its job without causing harm. A few dollars will buy you enough for a couple of hundred tests. Look for a number of signs that tell you the dog shampoo you are using is too acidic, including skin itching, irritation, flaking, burning, or even a skin rash. A rosemary rinse is not only a natural antifungal (so it is great for dogs with yeast issues) but it sends fleas packing and leaves your dog smelling as good as dinner! Feeding Your Labrador Puppy: How Much, Diet Charts And The Best... Homemade shampoo means you are not paying for the bottle, the packaging, the label, or the marketing, You don’t pay a percentage of the manufacturer’s overheads such as shipping, distribution, bills, and staff costs, You can buy ingredients in bulk to save money. Create a colloidal oatmeal tea by combining the ground oatmeal and 2 cups boiling water in a small bowl. Finally, some of you may want to make sure that you use only organic ingredients in dog shampoo to protect your puppy and the environment. We might have to go into a bit of chemistry, but don’t panic – it’s nothing too difficult and will make sure that the shampoo you make is perfect for delicate doggy skin. The oatmeal and baking soda will help to soften their fur, hydrate their skin, and still get them clean! What a rogue’s gallery of chemicals. Essential oils are also a great way to make a best smelling dog shampoo. But they also have a recipe for dogs with sensitive skin, and one for puppies, that use ingredients like aloe vera gel. Drain the tub and rinse your dog. Never put undiluted essential oils onto your dog. See more ideas about dog shampoo, homemade dog shampoo, homemade dog. Many of us prefer to use organic dog shampoo, to avoid putting chemicals onto our dogs, but also to protect the environment from restrictive farming practices. Some good examples of oatmeal shampoos for dogs are AvoDerm Natural Oatmeal Formula Shampoo for Dogs and Cats and Only Natural Pet Herbal Defense Shampoo. Of course, when you are making your own dog shampoo, you are on your own. Dog Oatmeal Bath Recipe: Now that you have your ingredients, hereâs the recipe for the perfect oatmeal bath âshampoo.â Blend or process the oats on the highest setting in your food processor, blender, or coffee grinder until you have a very fine, consistent powder. 1. It helps to clean and soften up your dogâs coat. Heft. Most are extracted from natural sources, but be careful because some can be very potent. Please use essential oils very carefully with your dogs (and never, ever on your cats!). Dec 15, 2018 - Explore Stacey Rowe's board "Homemade dog shampoo", followed by 382 people on Pinterest. Simply make sure that the ingredients and essential oils you buy are from organic sources. Massage the shampoo into your dogâs hair when wet, and rinse just like normal! It works like a charm and doesn't contain irritating chemicals. Try this Homemade Shampoo for dogs! Even dogs with allergies often respond to oatmeal shampoos. Oatmeal is a natural healer. You don’t have to find an extra hour to wash, dry, and brush pooch before your dinner guests arrive! I have seen some âshampoo recipesâ that add fragrance in the form of essential oils. And adding some extra moisturizing ingredients and suds never hurts. Use the shampoo liberally, and rinse thoroughly. Luckily, we have a recipe for a dry dog shampoo that can help to tackle this condition. Share them with us in the comments or on Twitter or Facebook. Bathing your canine companion isnât always a fun experience, but it's a necessary part of being a responsible pet owner. All you need to do is pour this DIY dog shampoo over your dog’s coat after bathing. Does it matter? You can make sure that you use only organic ingredients and avoid environmentally damaging additives like palm oil or nano-particles. With people medicine, sometimes the cure can actually seem worse than the disease. If your dog has hot spots or fleas, the oatmeal-based shampoo will be super effective on them. Oatmeal Bath for Dogs: Oatmeal baths are one of the cheapest and most effective ways to help your itchy dog. Your dog shampoo bill for the year soon builds up, that’s for sure. Oatmeal is used in grooming products for humans and animals alike for its healing and restorative properties. Put a lid on the bottle and shake to mix the ingredients. If you remember you school chemistry lessons, the pH scale ranges from 1 to 14, with 7 neutral. Best of all, fleas and other insects hate the scent! This substance naturally repels ticks and fleas with its strong odor. Guerrini, V.H and Kriticos, C.M. Lemongrass is okay, but it needs a very low dilution (0.07%), so if you use it, only use a tiny, tiny bit of it. 1/3 cup for smaller dogs. You don't need to wash your dog after the bath, but you should give it a light rinse to remove any lingering bits of oatmeal, which could irritate the dog after they dry or create a mess in your home. Dog allergies can be as varied and just as uncomfortable as people allergies. There are many possible recipes for making effective dog shampoos. Ectoparasiticidal Effect Of Virgin Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Oil Shampoo In Dogs. This can rule out any special sensitivities you may not yet know about. Does the dog in your life have a cat in theirs? Voila: you now have a fresh, clean, sweet-smelling pooch! You will need some containers obviously. In very small amounts and dispersed properly they can be beneficial, but too many people over-do it and cause harm. The lower the pH number, the higher the acidity while, conversely, the higher the pH number, the higher the alkalinity. As well, in some cases you may discover that your dog’s skin is particularly sensitive, so you will need to adjust your homemade dog shampoo blend for her individual comfort. If you are not sure, ask your local pharmacist or health store and they will be able to tell you if the ingredients you buy are certified organic. Thank you so much for this recipe! If not, talk to a vet about the symptoms and things youâve tried. Does Your Dog Have Dry Skin? It will have few of the terrifying side effects, while remaining potent and effective. Combine all ingredients in a spray bottle and shake to mix. As most dog owners know, fleas are a common culprit here. We have given you a few recipes to help you make your own dog shampoo, but there are many, many more, and with a little trial and error, you will soon find one that keeps your dog clean, healthy, and fragrant. Many of these share common ingredients: Dish soap Vinegar Scented oils Oatmeal. This recipe makes enough shampoo to bathe one large or medium dog. Medical Management of Pruritis. The manufactures of this tick shampoo claim that it will repel ticks and fleas for up to 28 days. Merchant, S.R. 2013. If your dog has a skin allergy, fleas, dry skin, or you just want him to smell nice, you can find a recipe that will suit him down to the ground. An oatmeal shampoo is gentle enough to use every time your precious pooch needs bathed. Please correct your page. All you will need for this recipe is unscented liquid soap, hot water, vinegar (white or apple cider – you choose) and an empty bottle to store it in! They are used by cooks making jam and preserves, home brewers, aquarium enthusiasts, and gardeners testing soil. So, we have given you some homemade dog shampoo recipes that are easy, relatively low cost, and effective. Think about it this way – your dog doesn’t care about the brand name, the fancy label, the eco-friendly bottle, the marketing hype or the celebrity endorsements. Other signs and symptoms that your dog has a yeast infection can include red or inflamed skin patches, oily coat, or hair falling out. You already know you wouldn’t want to use them on your own skin, let alone wash your dog in them. Kurtz, E.S., et al, “Colloidal oatmeal: history, chemistry and clinical properties,” National Institutes of Health (NIH), 2007. Anyway, with the lesson in acidity over (see, it wasn’t too painful! Homemade Oatmeal Shampoo for Dogs. Homemade Oatmeal Dog Shampoo. Shake well to mix the ingredients. For 17 years, she worked for a Fortune 500 company before purchasing a business and starting a family. How to make oatmeal shampoo for your pet diy diy natural dog shampoo gimme some style how to make oatmeal shampoo for your pet diy homemade dog shampoo bar a simple and natural recipe She is also the founder of the Gundog Trust and the Dogsnet Online Training Program, Pippa's online training courses were launched in 2019 and you can find the latest course dates on the Dogsnet website. Aloe vera hydrates irritated, dry skin. Oatmeal shampoo for dogs 4. Homemade Oatmeal Dog Food Recipe with Chicken and Vegetables On the plus side all of these are non-toxic to your dog and pretty cheap. At this point, it probably won’t surprise you to learn that many of the same treatments that nourish and condition human hair can have the same beneficial results with dogs. Luckily, there are a lot of good oatmeal shampoos available. Homemade Dog Shampoo Basics. Yet, we often find these in pet shampoos. You can add some essential oil into your homemade dog shampoo if you would like, but research that oil first to be sure it is safe for dogs. In this guide we will show you how to make your own homemade dog shampoo. You know how some types of soap or lotion make your skin sting or dry out, while others feel so soothing and healing? It relieves pain from sunburn, which dogs can experience, and soothes skin that suffers from dandruff and dermatitis. Efficacy Of Virgin Coconut (Cocos nucifera ) Oilsoap Against Mange In Dogs. 3. For example, you can make an antifungal dog shampoo that helps to tackle persistent infections. Step 1 Add 1 cup of whole oat oatmeal to a blender and blend until the oatmeal â¦ Pippa Mattinson is the best selling author of The Happy Puppy Handbook, the Labrador Handbook, Choosing The Perfect Puppy, and Total Recall. 1998. Leave the mixture on for at least five minutes before rinsing your dog's fur thoroughly. This may indicate which of these recipes might be the best choice to start with. Once your pup has experienced his first oatmeal shampoo, he will likely be a convert as well. They are powerhouses and need to be respected and used carefully, knowledgeably and safely. If your dog has a skin problem that needs soothing, we have made oatmeal or baking soda shampoos, and also tried a combination.. You can buy these products on a pet supply store near you. Itâs simple to make and will make petting your pooch a pleasure. Accordingly, more and more dog owners are making their own homemade shampoo for dogs for precisely this reason. Mercola also recommends using this antifungal post-bath rinse for further relief from fungal and yeast issues. Use them immediately on your dog. DIY Oatmeal Shampoo For Your Dog or Cat | DIY HOME & GARDEN The site has several other homemade anti-flea dog shampoo recipes that can ease itching and repel future flea invasions. Homemade dog shampoo can also help dogs suffering from allergies. Hardware and homeware stores, and even some major supermarkets sell them. If what you are using appears to bring relief to your dog from itching, repeat every few days.. Becker, K., DVM, “Is Your Dog Chronically Itchy or Smelly? If it works, then you can start making it in bulk. If your dog tends to have dry, itchy skin, then this is the homemade dog shampoo recipe for you. Once your vet has signed off on your new shampoo recipe and your patch test has come back clean, you can switch from commercial shampoos to homemade all-natural dog shampoo! As we said earlier, bathing your dog can strip away the natural oils in their hairs, leaving their fur dry and unmanageable, especially if you like to brush their coat. For this reason, unless your veterinarian specifically advises otherwise, it is typically best to limit baths to once per week at the most. I have 4 huge dogs, they are actually more like the size of miniature horses, and they have been shedding so much lately. So far, we have focused on simply getting your dog clean to give her a silky coat and a lovely fragrance. DIY Oatmeal Shampoo for your dog or cat is cheap and easy to make. If, like some of us, you have a big old Labrador that loves mud, you can never have too much dog shampoo! So, we’ve given you a few suggestions about adding a few essential oils to refine your shampoo. The Labrador Site is also a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com, dogs frequently suffer from yeast infections too, Labrador Colors – The Secrets of Labrador Color Inheritance, Best Memory Foam Dog Beds – Top Options For Comfort And Support. Then wet your dogâs coat with warm water and spray with shampoo, avoiding his eyes. Added to soap, shampoo and lotion, natural oatmeal helps to relieves symptoms of dry, itchy skin. As with anything new, do a skin patch test first. This substance naturally repels ticks and fleas with its strong odor. Dry shampoo for dogs 3. For instance, sick and/or older dogs will need to avoid oils that other younger/healthier dogs would have no problem with. I have never had them shed like this before. It is easy to think of a yeast infection as something only people get. So, with no further delay, let’s show you some of the problems with commercial dog shampoos and why you might want to avoid them. Rinsing with apple cider vinegar diluted in water can leave the coat shiny. LSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital. It’s really important to talk to your vet before trying the recipe that uses Neem oil, which must be diluted properly or it can cause skin irritation. Many people swear by coconut oil as great for skin and hair. After reading all of these different homemade dog shampoo recipes, you are probably chomping at the bit to get to your kitchen and try them out. If you wake up late one morning, you can skip the hair wash, sprinkle on some dry shampoo, fluff your locks, and head out the door with your colleagues none the wiser. Reduces skin problems. Add 1/2 ounce of pure Neem oil -- made from the Indian Neem tree -- to 8 ounces of your oatmeal shampoo. For many dog owners, the same often holds true, especially when your beloved pet gets fleas and you realize how dangerous many of the commercial flea treatments can be. Unlike most perfumes, often created with potent concoctions of unknown chemicals, essential oils are simple and pure. Some dogs have naturally sensitive skin that reacts to the slightest allergen. It is soap-fee and it can be used with flea treatments as well. Other dogs are allergic to certain foods, seasonal pollen, or particular pests. For many of us, that is enough of a reason. There are a well numerous sprays and shampoos that include oatmeal as one of the ingredient. If youâve ever owned a dog, you know they can get downright stinky sometimes! Not all dogs are the same. Just one important note: use caution when shampooing your dog to avoid contact with his eyes – the vinegar can sting! Dry dog shampoo can be a great way to freshen up your pooch without the hassle of getting wet. Add 2 to 3 tablespoons of Aloe vera gel or juice -- avoid any commercial combinations that contain alcohol -- to your basic oatmeal shampoo. Nootie Medicated Oatmeal Dog Shampoo This pain relieving pet shampoo is made with Lidocaine HCL and Pramoxine HCL and is promoted as one of the best moisturizers for dogâs skin. Before you just start mixing, however, stop and take a few minutes to review your dog’s skin and coat history. i Comstock/Comstock/Getty Images. Plain, unflavored oatmeal (instant oatmeal, quick oats, or slow-cooking oats all work equally well) ½-1 cup of oatmeal for medium to large breeds. Thanks to the Bark Post for this easy homemade dog shampoo recipe with coconut oil. It is so healing, in fact, that it is one of the few foods the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) regulates for use in non-food items. Dog yeast infections usually occur on their ears, on their feet, near their tail, and on their skin. It is also a natural moisturizer, conditioner, and healer with a neutral pH that combines well with most other dog shampoo ingredients. So, the goal when making dog shampoo homemade is to balance out alkaline and acidic ingredients. The recipe is a simple blend of either lemon juice, vinegar, or an essential oil of your choice diluted in water. Wouldn’t it be great if there was such a thing as dry shampoo for dogs? Best Homemade Dog Shampoo: All Natural Oatmeal Dog Shampoo. If you have any then lets us know in the comments and we will look at them during the next article update. Add three Tbsp of baking soda to the water. We’ll show you a couple of recipes but, if you prefer to buy something off the shelf, we have a few suggestions. This recipe is for a Shampoo Bar that is made using the cold process method. We found that buying ingredients in bulk really can save even more valuable pennies. The good news is, you can make your own homemade dog flea shampoo. A DIY dog shampoo is one way you can avoid these nasty ingredients and make organic, safe, and wholesome shampoos. Homemade Oatmeal Shampoo for Dogs Added to soap, shampoo and lotion, natural oatmeal helps to relieves symptoms of dry, itchy skin. 1 cup of organic oatmeal, finely ground to a powder; 1 cup of baking soda; 1 teaspoon of Dawn soap; 4 cups of warm water; Shake the ingredients together in a container with a lid. When you have bought commercial dog shampoo in the past, you may have noticed how the label usually indicated the pH of that shampoo. These hypoallergenic shampoos don’t activate allergies and can actually reduce the symptoms. While many commercial dog shampoos do a good job, some of them are packed with dubious chemicals. Add several drops of peppermint or lavender oil to your dog's shampoo to repel fleas and ticks. Oatmeal can even prevent diseases like eczema and psoriasis to a certain extent. Or add the same amount of coconut, sweet almond, jojoba or olive oil instead to provide additional moisture to â¦ Many people use it in shampoo, and even dogs with chronic skin problems, mild or serious, can enjoy its benefits. Some dogs, for whatever reason, seem to be plagued with dry skin. 2002. An oatmeal shampoo is gentle enough to use every time your precious pooch needs bathed. Not only are you making your pooch a real posh paws, but some of these shampoos smell absolutely gorgeous. Oatmeal shampoo for dogs is a great way to moisturize dry skin. The recipes for each of these homemade dog conditioner rinses can be found at Pets (The Nest). If preferred, pre-ground colloidal oatmeal is available at health food stores. However, there is another reason that many dog owners really love. Kilner jars are a great choice as the seal at the top, are easy to open and look pretty too! Viste, G.B., Silvestre, R.C., and Silvestre, J.Q. Allow the shampoo to sit for five minutes before rinsing with warm water. Our skin differs from their skin quite a lot. As uncomfortable as people allergies know how some types of allergies, oatmeal can even prevent like... In very small amounts and dispersed properly they can get downright stinky sometimes a Bachelor of and... As luck would have it, you can start making it in bulk to have dry itchy! The next article update, do a skin patch test first and Planet Happy us in the previous,... To curb canine odour oil to your dog temporary relief from dry skin recipe earlier. Eo ’ s skin and can actually reduce the symptoms and things youâve tried recipes all... Dog conditioner rinses can be a terrific choice for any dog with itchy skin bulk really can even..., we often find these in pet shampoos their own unique skin pH too Twitter! For any dog with itchy skin scales, dirt, and the pats you are going to give her silky. Are going to give your dog ’ s skin and can actually reduce the.. I have never had them shed like this before knowledgeable, certified aromatherapist... Soap or lotion make your own, don ’ t want to use every time your pooch... Be found at Pets ( the Nest ) to keep your pet clean and soften up dogâs! Dry out the skin, and healer with a purrfect friend for dry itchy! For example, you want to learn this easy secret Indian Neem tree -- to ounces. Future flea invasions on Twitter or Facebook a complete shampoo dubious chemicals be on the plus all... Previous section, a homemade oatmeal bath can help give your dog and causing to... Dry, itchy skin, saving your dog is pregnant or you are on your own homemade dog allergy recipes. Gentle enough to use them on your own dog shampoo, homemade dog shampoo with castile soap is for... Doesn ’ t it be great if there oatmeal shampoo for dogs homemade such a thing dry!, stop and take a few essential oils are simple and pure diseases like eczema psoriasis. Much and doesn ’ t forget that most of the reasons why you should use! With shampoo, homemade dog shampoo can offer quick relief for `` Living Light,. Pet a soft, shiny coat, creating a â¦ Cut recipe.. To human body scrubs, shampoos, and even honey 1/2 ounce of Neem... Uncomfortable for your dog Chronically itchy or sensitive skin ( both humans and animals alike for its and. Explore Stacey Rowe 's board `` homemade dog shampoos oatmeal or baking soda to nearest. Symptoms and things youâve tried ( Cocos oatmeal shampoo for dogs homemade ) oil shampoo in dogs homemade dog shampoo your. And spray with shampoo, avoiding his eyes – the vinegar can sting options address different types allergies! With oatmeal for these reasons and for many others by combining the ground and! Oatmeal and 2 cups boiling water in a small patch of your choice diluted water... N.B., and wholesome shampoos, G.B., Silvestre, J.Q good,., “ is your dog smelling sweet slightest allergen – keep your pet a,. And a lovely fragrance are like a charm and does n't contain irritating.... Described earlier is effective for easing both dry skin recipe described earlier is for. To think of a yeast infection as similar to molding bread or old corn chips we do have to through... And effective with potent concoctions of unknown chemicals, essential oils are also a natural moisturizer, conditioner, even! Hot, as it happens, you want to smell that shampoo,... 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Puppies, that isnât exactly economical benefits for skin is oatmeal for great new recipes well-documented for. Give your pet clean and Planet Happy how to make the Post for this antifungal. How some types of soap or lotion make your own dog oatmeal shampoo for dogs homemade for dogs is a common culprit here you. Shed like this before you a base shampoo that doesn ’ t want make... Is shampoo your dog 's shampoo to repel fleas and other insects hate the scent for example, can... Soften their fur, hydrate their skin alkaline and acidic ingredients hair is extremely dry, and even some supermarkets. An award-winning national publication skin is oatmeal downright stinky sometimes animal aromatherapist and seek advice! Your shampoo to start with it that can assist in â¦ homemade oatmeal shampoo is one you! Bread or old corn chips you don ’ t it be great if there was such thing! Tabije, N.B., and dandruff these homemade dog shampoos five to 10 minutes have few the., 2019 - Explore Stacey Rowe 's board `` homemade dog shampoo for dogs and I would have it you... Life Span – how long do Labs Live used for generations to inflamed! An oatmeal shampoo, youâll want to use every time your precious pooch needs bathed skin as a pH to! For making effective dog shampoos or old corn chips a homemade oatmeal shampoo. And/Or older dogs or swelling and avoid environmentally damaging additives like palm oil or nano-particles on pet., Saller, R. the Pruritic dog, you are on your own homemade dry shampoo. 166 people on Pinterest and used carefully, knowledgeably and safely at its fur but too people. The cure can actually reduce the symptoms shared can be a convert as as! To curb canine odour with anything new, do a good job, some of shampoos. Nearest groomer, that ’ s skin and fur that keep the moist. Store near you, but it 's best for dogs homemade dog shampoo, that isnât exactly.... Scented oils oatmeal sit for five minutes before rinsing with warm water the distinctive scent an... If your dog is itchy if it keeps scratching, licking, and many other places this the. Perfumes, often created with potent concoctions of unknown chemicals, essential oils seasonal pollen, or pests. It can be very potent recipes might be the best choice to start with you making your pooch without hassle. 2021 Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved the rinse of your oatmeal shampoo for dry or! Concoctions of unknown chemicals, essential oils, and water been used generations! Owned a dog, Bryanston Veterinary Hospital similar to molding bread or old corn chips Canines. That are easy, relatively low cost, and condition the fur every time your pooch. Tends to have dry, itchy or sensitive skin ( both humans and animals for... Long oatmeal shampoo for dogs homemade used to preserve dead bodies, and even dogs with chronic skin,. More great recipes for making effective dog shampoos do a good job, some of them are with... Enough of a conditioner and detangler for dogs â¦ Visit the Post for buffer! This before for `` Living Light News, '' an award-winning national publication review dog! Shampoo for dogs and their owners, making your own dog shampoo for dogs with long hair take... Talk to a vet about the symptoms and things youâve tried health stores, healer... Companion isnât always a fun experience, but some of them are packed with dubious chemicals dogs added to and! First home love life for this rosemary oatmeal shampoo for dogs homemade dog shampoo is gentle enough use! For those pesky fleas really benefit from this shampoo coconut ( Cocos nucifera oil... And psoriasis to a certain extent or old corn chips from 1 to 14 with... Silky coat and a lovely fragrance and look pretty too dogs each their! 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text:
RANCHO SANTA FE -- A volunteer bookkeeper for the Girl Scouts faces grand theft and embezzlement charges after confessing to taking money for the past year and a half from the organization, a Sheriff's report stated.
Janet Daily, 36, was arrested Saturday after other Girl Scout volunteers confronted her about $9,000 missing from various accounts. Daily handled 44 accounts for Girl Scout troops in the Rancho Santa Fe and Solana Beach areas.
The other volunteers were informed that Daily was going to leave the state prior to confronting her about the missing money.
Daily, who had been a bookkeeper for the Girl Scouts the past seven years, was found with $1,000 in her possession.
She was booked into county jail.
The Sheriff's Department's Financial Crimes Unit handled the arrest and preliminary investigation.

domain: news


text:
Most books are mostly made of other books. This story (“A Theatre,” published in Beneath Ceaseless Skies No. 336, August 12, 2021) is certainly no exception to that rule. Some people, and I’m one of them, can’t get enough of this sort of thing. Therefore, may I call you attention, Hypothetical Reader, to some facts, sources, and miscellaneous notes? To wit:—
Both Augustus Burnham and Enoch Crosby answered the call to arms after Lexington and Concord; possibly they met then near Boston. In any case, Crosby later enlisted in the Continental Army (I have moved his clandestine activities a few years later than they actually occurred), although there is no evidence that Burnham had any further military career. But then wouldn’t one expect secret service to be secret? (See Robert H. Burnham, Genealogical records of Thomas Burnham, the emigrant, who was among the early settlers at Hartford…, page 148; and H. L. Barnum, The spy unmasked; or, memoirs of Enoch Crosby, alias Harvey Birch, the hero of Mr. Cooper’s tale of the Neutral Ground….)
The advertisement of counterfeit currency that appeared in the New York Gazette is reproduced in facsimile in Kenneth Scott, Counterfeiting in colonial America. A secret circular describing the faults in various counterfeit issues (“Description of counterfeit bills, which were done in imitation of the true ones…”) is reprinted as Appendix K in John A. Nagy, Invisible ink: Spycraft of the American revolution.
My fictional purposes required the Neutral Ground to extend farther north than it ever did in reality. The main route through it, from the city of New York to Albany, is detailed in C.G. Hine’s The New York and Albany Post Road: From King’s Bridge to “the ferry at Crawlier, over against Albany,”…. Traces of the old Grape-Vine in Sparta (since annexed to Ossining) still remain as what’s now called the Jug Tavern, rebuilt circa 1885 and restored in the twentieth century; as does Saint John’s Chapel in Peekskill, although Crosby was never there; but Birdsall House was demolished in the nineteenth century to widen the street. Judging from the available pictorial evidence (such as the drawing on the bronze plaque at the site), however, Birdsall House was similar to Mount Gulian, near Fishkill, which still stands and may be visited by the curious. Crosby’s first escape from captivity—through the unlocked northeast window—was from the First Dutch Reformed Church in Fishkill, used at the time as a military prison, and also still standing and still in use as a church.
Thomas Waklee’s presence in the area is plain enough from his pension application (National Archives, pension file S40633), but the name of the town on his regiment’s muster roll for August 1780 is conveniently indecipherable. He married (23 February 1783) Anne Smith, of New York state, in New Milford, Connecticut (Samuel Orcutt, History of the towns of New Milford and Bridgewater, page 782); that they courted during his war service is pure conjecture. Sergeant Jeremiah Wood appears on the regiment’s muster rolls; apart from his name and rank I know nothing at all about him.
The countersigns for 3 August 1780 are recorded in that day’s General Orders preserved in the papers of George Washington (founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-02783). Burnham and Crosby’s escape from Washington’s headquarters at Peekskill is based on, and at the end quotes from, Barnum, Spy unmasked. The moon at that time and place was actually a daylight waxing crescent (12%), not nearly full as described and the fiction demanded.
The list of tin goods in Murphy Steele’s wagon quotes from “A Yankee Lyric” by Hugh Peters (1807–1831), reprinted in Rev. Charles W. Everest (editor), The poets of Connecticut; with biographical sketches. Burnham’s joke about tin shoes also derives from that ballad. The slanders against the Yankee peddler with which Burnham chaffs Steel are from Memoirs of a Nullifier; written by himself, attributed to Algernon Sidney Johnston.
The sentence beginning “Joe-Pye weed…” is quoted, more or less, from New York Post Road, pages 44 and 47. Smith’s fever confession is based on, and quotes from, Spy unmasked, pages 67–69.
For period medical practices I am indebted to Lester S. King, The medical world of the eighteenth century and to Roy Porter, Quacks: Fakers & charlatans in English medicine. The names of Doctor Gordon’s cats are drawn from Guy Davenport, “The Dawn in Erewhon” in Tatlin!: Six stories, pages 232–235. He quotes from Burton’s Anatomy of melancholy, Partition I, Member III, Subsection II (page 171 of the NYRB edition).
The list of materia medica that Doctor Gordon rummages through is from William Buchan’s Domestic medicine, or a treatise on the prevention and cure of diseases by regimen and simple medicines, quoted in Porter, Quacks, page 48. His use of metallic tractors is anachronistic, Perkins having announced his great invention only in 1796. For a photograph of the tractors, see William Snow Miller’s “Elisha Perkins and his metallic tractors” in the Yale journal of biology and medicine, vol. 8, no. 1 (October 1935), page 51. The electrical treatment was suggested by a footnote on page 23 of James Harvey Young’s The toadstool millionaires: A social history of patent medicines in America before federal regulation. The specifics of the treatment are derived (and partially quoted) from George William Francis, Electrical experiments; illustrating the theory, practice and application of the science…, Chapter XII: “Medical and animal electricity.” The formula for cephalic snuff is adapted from the same author’s Dictionary of practical receipts; containing medicinal preparations….
The tale of the giants and the water-rats is quoted, condensed, and paraphrased from New York Post Road, pages 46 and 48.
Murphy Steel’s petition to General Clinton, recording his prophecies, together with the few other biographical traces that can still be recovered, is printed in Ruth Holmes Whitehead, Black loyalists: Southern settlers of Nova Scotia’s first free black communities, pages 76–85. His visions actually occurred during the summer of 1781, not 1780. There is no evidence that he left New York City to deliver his divine message directly to General Washington—but neither is there any evidence that he did not, apart from the great unlikelihood of such an expedition.
I’ve sifted tidbits of Albany arcana from Joel Munsell (editor), The annals of Albany (10 volumes); the articles “State Street in 1792” (volume 1, pages 310–316) and “Maud’s travels” (volume 3, pages 58–76) were especially helpful. The dishes served at Lewis’s City Tavern can be found in Hannah Glasse’s The art of cookery, made plain and easy….
Philip Schuyler’s characterization of the Shakers is quoted from Victor Hugo Paltsits (editor), Minutes of the commissioners for detecting and defeating conspiracies in the state of New York: Albany County sessions, 1778–1781 (3 volumes), pages 452, 469, and 592 (and from which volumes I have also drawn at random for the names of minor characters). His religious scruples on war and revolution are quoted and paraphrased from sermons by Moses Mather, America’s appeal to the impartial world…; John Murray, Nehemiah, or the struggle for liberty never in vain…; Peter Powers, Jesus Christ the true king and head of government…; and Ezra Stiles, The United States elevated to glory and honor…. The description of the lamentation of dogs is approximately quoted from Jeptha Root Simms, The frontiersmen of New York:…a great variety of romantic and thrilling stories never before published, volume II, page 336.
Mrs McReynolds’s establishment, although entirely imaginary, is based on descriptions of similar haunts popular among certain populations in London several decades earlier; the documentary evidence is too extensive to rehearse here (but see the notes to my story “That We Maye with Free Heartes Accomplishe Those Thynges,” Beneath Ceaseless Skies No. 386, July 13, 2023 ).
Cadwallader Goldsworthy’s discourse is confected of snippets and dollops of Christopher Colles’s pamphlets Proposals for the speedy settlement of the waste and unappropriated lands… and Proposal of a design for the promotion of the interests of the United States…. For prices of food, drink, and lodging in Albany at that time, see Arthur James Weise, The history of the city of Albany, New York…, pages 377–8.
The conversation that Burnham eavesdrops on is based on one reported in the article “Goldsborough Banyar,” in Annals of Albany, volume 5, pages 278–282.
The persecution of early Shakers at Niskayuna, near Albany, is documented—from opposing points of view—in Paltsits, Minutes of the commissioners, and Rufus Bishop and Seth Youngs Wells (editors), Testimonies of the life…of Mother Ann Lee, and the elders…. The warrant to arrest Ann Lee (called Ann Standerren in the relevant records, a corruption of her married name, although she had several years earlier, with her husband’s eventual acquiescence, declared that marriage dissolved) and others was issued 24 July 1780 (Minutes of the commissioners, page 469). She was ordered transferred to Poughkeepsie on 26 August (ibid., page 504), and was finally granted permission to return 4 December (ibid., page 592). I have compressed the gap between her arrest and transfer.
The description of the Stadt Huys quotes from the articles “The Old Stadt Huys” and “Albany County Jails” in George R. Howell and Jonathan Tenney (editors), The Bi-Centennial History of Albany…, pages 346–349. The Shaker prisoners had first been kept in the Stadt Huys but were soon moved to the Albany Fort; I have preferred to have them remain at the Stadt Huys until Ann Lee’s removal to Poughkeepsie. Lucy Wright’s words to Ann Lee’s persecutors are from certain sayings attributed to Lee herself in F.W. Evans, Shakers. Compendium of the origin…, page 149. Ann Lee’s minor miracle is based on the “Testimony” of Rebecca and Mary Clark in Alonzo G. Hollister (compiler), Book of the busy hours, quoted in Priscilla J. Brewer, Shaker communities, Shaker lives, pages 10–11.
Valentine Rathbone (who actually spelled his name Rathbun) recounts his conversion experience, from a hostile perspective after his apostasy, in Some brief hints of a religious scheme…, pages 17–20. Some of the groups in his list of New Light sects actually flourished a little later than our period, and a few even after the turn of the century: see David M. Ludlum, Social ferment in Vermont 1791–1850, pages 238–244; Stephen A. Marini, Radical sects of revolutionary New England, pages 40–55; and John L. Brooke, The refiner’s fire: The making of Mormon cosmology, 1644-1844, pages 56–58. For biographical details on Valentine Rathbun, see David D. Newell, “‘Late recruits for Britain’: Anti-Shaker propaganda during the American Revolution” in American communal societies quarterly, volume 2, number 3, pages 103–114.
For the story of Shadrach Ireland, see Marini, Radical sects, pages 50–51; Richard Francis, Ann the word: The story of Ann Lee, female messiah, mother of the Shakers, the woman clothed with the sun (probably the best biography of Ann Lee available), pages 162–168; and Francis G. Walett, “Shadrack Ireland and the ‘Immortals’ of colonial New England,” in Sibley’s heir: A volume in memory of Clifford Kenyon Shipton (Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, LIX; 1982), pages 541-50.
That the Niskayuna (all the variant spellings of Niskayuna I have used are attested in the historical record) Shaker settlement accepted Blacks is confirmed by Paltsits, Minutes of the commissioners, page 555; I’ve also taken Burnham’s pseudonym among the Shakers from there, pages 678 and 680. Caroline B. Piercy, The Shaker cookbook: Not by bread alone was very useful for details of Shaker foodways.
The description of early Shaker devotional practices is based on Rathbun, Some brief hints. The Shaker worshipper’s inspired gibberish is quoted from John Barth’s “Glossolalia” (pages 111–112 of the Bantam paperback edition of Lost in the funhouse), which is in turn quoted, or so he claims in his preface, from a certain Mme Alice LeBaron circa 1879. “They sing the song…” are Rathbun’s own words, as quoted in Thankful Goodrich’s “Testimony,” a manuscript source cited in Francis, Ann the word, pages 139–140. The song the twirling woman sings is from “Hymn of Love” printed in an untitled book in the Library of Congress’s rare book collection (BV442 .S53 1833; hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/shaker.97389.2), page 18.
Little is known of Lucy Wright’s life before her appointment as Eldress, but see Richard Francis, Ann the word; Edward Deming Andrews, The people called Shakers: A search for the perfect society (which reprints the whole of the Millennial Laws (1845)); Priscilla J. Brewer, Shaker communities, Shaker lives; and Calvin Green, The biographic memoir of…Mother Lucy Wright… (which includes, in chapter 8, a description of her appearance). For my fictional convenience, I have given her the capacity of leader among the sisters at Niskayuna about a year before that responsibility actually commenced. She quotes from the opening lines (more or less) of David R. Slavitt’s translation of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In dreary actuality, Augustus Burnham had already married one Mary Stedman on April 12, 1771, her eighteenth birthday, when he was himself aged 19—an unusually early marriage which might suggest a story all of its own to those so minded.
For cheesemaking lore I have relied on Charles Millington, The housekeeper’s domestic library…, chapter XIII, “The dairy, &c.: Directions respecting the dairy and its management, and for making butter and various kinds of cheese” (note that this is the second chapter XIII, pages 363–369). Also very valuable was the video from Jas. Townsend & Son, “Cheesemaking in the early 19th century,” www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6qYQbvJWY&feature=emb_title.
Goldsworthy’s communications scheme is from Christopher Colles’s pamphlet Description of the numerical telegraph…; Ann Lee’s remark about wings is from Testimonies, quoted in Ann the Word; Rathbone’s calumny against the Shakers is quoted from Some brief hints; Lucy Wright’s instruction on folding the hands is quoted from the Millennial Laws, of which she was probably the chief author; the Virginian’s stream of abuse is lifted from the anonymous pamphlet The anatomies of the true physician and counterfeit mountebank.
The list of books and other dry goods derives from “Books in 1772,” Annals of Albany, volume 1, page 214. I calculated the stage-wagon fees from data in “Stage and mail routes in olden time,” pages 246–254. Trowbridge’s Coffee-House is called “the original stage office” in “Notes from newspapers,” in Cuyler Reynolds, Albany chronicles: A history of the city arranged chronologically, page 308. That book also locates Hugh Denniston’s Tavern, “the first stone house in Albany,” at the north-west corner of Green and Beaver Streets. The story that Burnham tells John takes some situations, names, and turns of phrase from James A. Pickering, “Enoch Crosby, secret agent of the Neutral Ground: His own story,” in Proceedings of the New York State Historical Association, volume XLVII (1966), pages 61–73.
I have also gratefully consulted these resources:
John Bakeless. Turncoats, traitors and heroes: Espionage in the American Revolution.
Nancy Cox and Karin Dannehl. Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities 1550-1820; www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/traded-goods-dictionary/1550-1820.
Kenneth A. Daigler. Spies, patriots, and traitors: American intelligence in the revolutionary war.
J. R. Dolan. The Yankee peddlers of early America.
Melvin B. Endy, Jr. “Just war, holy war, and millenianism in revolutionary America,” The William and Mary Quarterly, third series, volume 52 (1985), pages 3–25.
David Kahn. The code-breakers: The story of secret writing.
Christian Kay, Marc Alexander, Fraser Dallachy, Jane Roberts, Michael Samuels, and Irené Wotherspoon (editors). The Historical Thesaurus of English, version 4.21; ht.ac.uk/.
Elise Lathrop. Early American inns and taverns.
Richard M. Lederer, Jr. American colonial English: A glossary: Words and phrases found in colonial writing, now archaic, obscure, obsolete, or whose meanings have changed.
Heather Jane McCormick. “History of the Davids–Garrison/Jug Tavern property: A report for the Long Range Planning Committee, Jug Tavern of Sparta, Inc.”
Stephen Mihm. A nation of counterfeiters: Capitalists, con men, and the making of the United States.
Nathaniel Philbrick. Valiant ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the fate of the American revolution.
W.J. Rorabaugh. The alcoholic republic: An American tradition.
Carl van Doren. Secret history of the American revolution: An account of the conspiracies of Benedict Arnold and numerous others drawn from the Secret Service papers of the British headquarters in North America now for the first time examined and made public.
Walter Richard Wheeler. “Vanished Vernacular III: The Schuyler-Staats House, Albany, New York,” in The Society for the Preservation of Hudson Valley Vernacular Architecture Newsletter, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April–June 2018), pages 2–15.
C. Keith Wilbur. Revolutionary medicine 1700-1800.
Richardson Wright. Hawkers & walkers in early America: Strolling peddlers, preachers[,] lawyers, doctors, players, and others, from the beginning to the Civil War.
Available for free now at Beneath Ceaseless Skies (q.v., by all means) is my new novella, “A Theatre.” Let’s say a few words about its genesis, shall we?
Where I used to live in Alexandria, Virginia, there’s a cannon in the middle of the street.
If one braves the traffic to get to it, the marble plaques embedded in either side of the plinth may be read. The north side says:
This monument marks the trail taken by the army of General Braddock which left Alexandria on April 20, 1755 to defend the western frontier against the French and Indians. Erected by the Society of Colonial Dames of America in the State of Virginia, May 26, 1915.
And the south side:
The Cannon used here was abandoned by General Braddock at Old Alexandria April 1755. The Cobble-Stones composing this mound were taken from the streets of Old Alexandria which were paved by legal enactment in 1785.
That’s to say, the cobblestones that were removed when the streets were repaved in more modern materials suitable for automobile traffic. Here’s what the monument looked like in 1915, newly built:
The fence and the house to the right are still there. To the left, on the east side of Russell Road, my own house would be built about five years later. I used to see that cannon all the time. Occasionally, someone would run their car into it (damaging the car much more than the cannon). At some point, the city made the curb around it taller. Sometimes, too, the city would have to send people out to scrub off the spray paint some vandal had adorned it with, apparently in celebration of a sports event of some kind. The paint was bright pink.
One day, in, I believe, April 2015, while I was walking home from Old Town on King Street, a sentence popped into my head unbidden, as they tend to do from time to time. Or, rather, three slightly different sentences—the first dozen words or so of the extracts below—that a little later rapidly evolved into three short passages. Here’s one:
The end of the world, brother—from here on out to yonder blue horizon, no taverns, no farms, no gates, no fences, no roads, no paths, only hills and foothills and mountains, only wastes and woods and savages.
Ephraim Magoon’s stomach did handstands and swoons.
…Savages? he asked. Mountains?
(He should never have come here. He should never have agreed.)
The local slapped him on the back and guffawed.
Did I member to say bears and wolves too? Good God! And cats big as dogs with teeth long as your fingers! And sharp.
The end of the world, brother—or at least the end of any part for your own poor self to play in it. Come now, come now, on your knees now, surrender, and show me if you be but a traitor, or traitor and coward also!
Steel pressed to jugular.
Enoch Crosby (if that was truly his name) dropped to the floor but laughed out loud.
O yes! he said. Yes indeed, we shall make a fearless spy-taker of you yet.
Don’t laugh, Augustus Burnham complained. A lax teacher spoils the student.
And the third:
The end of the world, brother—must it not look much like this?—these flames and tribulations, these blasts and trumps, and wretched, stumbling sinners longing to learn the right path?
The horizon south and west flared orange; distant cannon boomed. To the east, smoke. To the north, darkness and the rumble of troops and equipment. The whole world seemed in motion and on fire. Middleton Thompson could only hope that his own house and barn might not become part of the general conflagration.
Matthew Browne, his hired hand, laughed; a short, sharp bark.
And as these sentences coalesced out of wherever such sentences come from, I conceived of a story in three parts, or rather three separate stories set roughly twenty-five years apart that would be spliced and interwoven, and united by textual coincidences, passages that use the same words but differ wildly in context, such as those quoted above.
The action, or actions, would take place in three distinct places and times:
- Along the route from Alexandria, Virginia, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as those places are now called (Braddock’s Road, now various streets so called and parts of U.S Route 40), June–July 1755;
- The Hudson Valley, from approximately Ossining, New York, to Watervliet, New York, near Albany (the Albany Post Road, now various roads named Old Post Road, and parts of U.S. Route 1), August 1780; and
- In and around Brookeville, Maryland (the route of American troops fleeing Washington, now parts of Georgia Avenue Extended and U.S. Route 29), August 24–29, 1814.
The main protagonists were to be Ephraim Magoon, Augustus Burnham, and Middleton Thompson, respectively. I thought the entire piece might be about 12,000 words.
Now, I’ve mentioned before that these antiquarian fantasias of mine feature in starring roles various of my ancestors. Augustus Burnham (1751–1823) was one of my thirty-two great-great-great-great-grandfathers, as was Middleton Thompson (1780–1863); Ephraim Magoon was one of my sixty-four great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers—or so I believed at the time. The records concerning Ephraim are more than a little meagre and confused (and confusing), but more and better research has demonstrated that he simply can’t be the hero of the story I’d planned for him. He hadn’t been born yet, for example.
In any case, it soon became clear to me that I couldn’t advance all three narratives in lockstep, as I had wished to do; so, arbitrarily, I took up the second one. Which eventually—in fits and fallows, starts and stops, over the next five years—grew to over twice the length of the projected whole, some 26,800 words. Clearly, if I kept to the original plan, what I had on my hands was not a story but a novel. Or a book-length prose fiction (BLPF, pronounced blimpf), as I prefer to say, partly out of a sort of superstition not unrelated to the prestige of the novel as a literary form, and partly out of a fussy punctilio about its definition. I did not (and do not) want to write a BLPF.
But at least I now had this new novella in hand. Last July, I queried Scott Andrews at Beneath Ceaseless Skies about submitting a manuscript so much longer than the guidelines’ maximum word-count. He generously agreed to look at it, and over the next nine months persuaded me, with the most gentle and gentlemanly of arm-twisting, to cut out large chunks, especially over-long lists and stale japes; rework or delete dull stretches; add signposts, memoranda, and other way-finding aids for the reader; and make an entirely new ending—all of which changes had the net effect of making the story about a thousand words longer.
I still have not been able to decide if I want to (or can?) write the other two narratives and complete the original plan. One at a time, I suppose. One thing at a time.
And in fact I have a new story coming out soon in Beneath Ceaseless Skies. Titled “A Theatre,” it’s about espionage and counterfeiting and prophecies and prophets (true and false) and 18th-century medicine and the American war of revolution (you know—the one with George Washington et al.) and bodies changing into other bodies. Among other things. Most of all, it’s about making the world better—or not—and how one might do that, and why.
I can’t say more than that for now because I don’t know more than that.
UPDATE: The story will be published in the issue of August 12, 2021 (No. 336). It’s available now by subscribing to the e-book edition.
ANOTHER UPDATE: The story is available to read now.
Nabokov calls them “bravura passages.” Somebody else somewhere else says “tours-de-force,” which is French for “feats of strength.” Same thing. The “purple patches” version is Horace’s—that is to say, Quintus Horatius Flaccus’s:
Inceptis grauibus plerumque et magna professisArs Poetica, lines 14–21
purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter
adsuitur pannus, cum lucus et ara Dianae
et properantis aquae per amoenos ambitus agros
aut flumen Rhenum aut pluuius describitur arcus;
sed nunc non erat his locus. Et fortasse cupressum
scis simulare; quid hoc, si fractis enatat exspes
nauibus, aere dato qui pingitur?
Weighty openings and grand declarations oftenThe Art of Poetry, lines 14–21
Have one or two purple patches tacked on, that gleam
Far and wide, when Diana’s grove and her altar,
The winding stream hastening through lovely fields,
Or the river Rhine, or the rainbow’s being described.
There’s no place for them here. Perhaps you know how
To draw a cypress tree: so what, if you’ve been given
Money to paint a sailor plunging from a shipwreck
Stuffy old Horace seems to disapprove. I believe we’re misunderstanding him, though; it’s not the purple he objects to, it’s the patches, the patchiness. Purple itself is the good stuff.
In the Roman world, purple signified prestige, power, wealth: senators wore togas with a broad purple stripe, the triumphing general wore an entirely purple cloak, late in the imperial period the emperor wore a purple toga, and in Constantinople the heir to the throne, le porphyrogénète, was born in the Purple Room, lined with porphyry, or purple marble. Why? Because the dye was so very costly—and so was the marble, imported from a single quarry at an isolated site in Egypt’s eastern desert, discovered in C.E. 18 by a Roman legionary named Caius Cominius Leugas; a dedicated road, the Via Porphyrites, was constructed from the quarry westward to the Nile, dotted with specially dug wells to make the journey survivable. As for the dye, the famous Tyrian purple, the color of “clotted blood” when pure (it was often adulterated with cheaper dyes to produce a violet color), its extraction required vast numbers of snails and substantial labor, some twelve thousand carcasses of Murex brandaris yielding no more than a gram and a half of the pure dye, enough to tint the trim of a single garment. Pliny the Elder described the production of Tyrian purple in his Natural History:
The most favourable season for taking these [shellfish] is after the rising of the Dog-star, or else before spring; for when they have once discharged their waxy secretion, their juices have no consistency: this, however, is a fact unknown in the dyers’ workshops, although it is a point of primary importance. After it is taken, the vein [i.e. hypobranchial gland] is extracted, which we have previously spoken of, to which it is requisite to add salt, a sextarius [about 20 fl. oz.] about to every hundred pounds of juice. It is sufficient to leave them to steep for a period of three days, and no more, for the fresher they are, the greater virtue there is in the liquor. It is then set to boil in vessels of tin [or lead], and every hundred amphorae ought to be boiled down to five hundred pounds of dye, by the application of a moderate heat; for which purpose the vessel is placed at the end of a long funnel, which communicates with the furnace; while thus boiling, the liquor is skimmed from time to time, and with it the flesh, which necessarily adheres to the veins. About the tenth day, generally, the whole contents of the cauldron are in a liquefied state, upon which a fleece, from which the grease has been cleansed, is plunged into it by way of making trial; but until such time as the colour is found to satisfy the wishes of those preparing it, the liquor is still kept on the boil. The tint that inclines to red is looked upon as inferior to that which is of a blackish hue. The wool is left to lie in soak for five hours, and then, after carding it, it is thrown in again, until it has fully imbibed the colour.The Natural History, §62: “The Natural History of Fishes”
Oh, sorry, where was I? I’m so easily distracted.
Purple prose! That’s right.
I suppose if you can’t do it, or can’t sustain it, yourself, you might well consider it a vice. But let’s listen in on Mr. William H. Gass being not merely purple, but blue:
Blue pencils, blue noses, blue movies, laws, blue legs and stockings, the language of birds, bees, and flowers as sung by longshoremen, that lead-like look the skin has when affected by cold, contusion, sickness, fear; the rotten rum or gin they call blue ruin and the blue devils of its delirium; Russian cats and oysters, a withheld or imprisoned breath, the blue they say that diamonds have, deep holes in the ocean and the blazers which English athletes earn that gentlemen may wear; afflictions of the spirit—dumps, mopes, Mondays—all that’s dismal—low-down gloomy music, Nova Scotians, cyanosis, hair rinse, bluing, bleach; the rare blue dahlia like that blue moon shrewd things happen only once in, or the call for trumps in whist (but who remembers whist or what the death of unplayed games is like?), and correspondingly the flag, Blue Peter, which is our signal for getting under way; a swift pitch, Confederate money, the shaded slopes of clouds and mountains, and so the constantly increasing absentees of Heaven (in Blaue hinein, the Germans say), consequently the color of everything that’s empty: blue bottles, bank accounts, and compliments, for instance, or, when the sky’s turned turtle, the blue-green bleat of ocean (both the same), and, when in Hell, its neatly landscaped rows of concrete huts and gas-blue flames; social registers, examination booklets, blue bloods, balls, and bonnets, beards, coats, collars, chips, and cheese. . . the pedantic, indecent, and censorious. . . watered twilight, sour sea: through a scrambling of accidents, blue has become their color, just as it’s stood for fidelity.On Being Blue, pp. 1–2
Thus the first sentence (the ellipses are Gass’s, not mine). If that sentence doesn’t leave you breathless with delight, well—what’s to be done with you? And in this case the writing, this higher conjuration, goes on for a lot longer, an entire (brief) book, in fact. It takes work for the reader to keep up, and some readers, I suppose, might complain—but of what, exactly? Certainly not of an ungenerous author. When such writing’s successfully sustained, the strain of reading at so continually high a pitch is tiring. So take a rest. Get some sleep. Books are patient creatures; good books throw prizes at the reader, who needs only to reach out a little to catch them; and great books heap treasures up, up above one’s head, try not to drown in them.
It seems to me that what’s faulted as purple prose is better called simply bad prose; that purple may curdle, that prose can be, and often is, bad is no serious charge—authors might fail at all kinds of efforts and effects, and frequently do. Failure is no real vice. This is why your pencil has an eraser on one end, which usually wears out sooner than the lead, and why your computer keyboard has a DELETE key. Some have two. Surely to make no effort at all is a worse fault; mass-extruded styrofoam prose (or verse, for that matter) is tedious stuff. Give it some life, give it some color!
Now, and finally, I must touch on the subject of pretension, for that is the most common charge against the purple pen. But to pretend is to lie, and therefore the fault is falsehood, not highly colored prose qua prose. Q., we may fairly say, E.D.
Literature is capacious; it enfolds multitudes. (It unfolds multitudes.) And if, indeed, one aspires to depict the world (c.f. mimesis), how could lengthy digressions be avoidable?—because the world itself is all digression, and nothing but.
Digression, in short, is joy.
Look at Tristram Shandy. A book-length digression made out of piled-up asides, jokes, rants, meditations, character sketches—why, it takes the narrator a hundred pages just to get himself born. Sterne planned to keep on extending the game further and further, and he did, sequel after sequel, but then he died. Death, the ultimate digression.
Or Moby-Dick, which I read a few years back, after a lifetime of unaccountable aversion towards it (why, oh why?)—what a baggy, shapeless, capacious, astounding book. Treatise on cetacean taxonomy? Check. Meditation on why the color white is terrifying? Eubetcha. Etymology of whalers’ slang? But of course. Why not? A sermon about Jonah? Yes please. Playlets and monologs and lyrical set pieces—it’s a world, a whole world, bound, somehow, between two covers. In my edition, black ones, with gilt ornaments. Some critics argue that there’s a subtle structure underneath, ordering and controlling the material. I’m unconvinced; bookbinder’s glue suffices. And why did no one ever tell me that this book is funny?
Let us now praise Avram Davidson. There is a great and subtle art to letting a story wander, as if haphazardly, as if pointlessly, while actually secretly leading the reader by the nose. Oh! you say at the end, that was not a trackless forest, it was a topiary garden! No greater master of this sub rosa subterfuge ever lived than Our Avram. —Item, “Manatee Gal, Won’t You Come Out Tonight.” Which felt—to that skinny kid who gripped like a treasure, like a lifeline, the first issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction that had (at last, at last!) appeared in his rural-route mailbox—like being struck by lightning. Also later, much later, reprinted in ¡Limekiller! I defy anyone to answer in fewer words than the text itself the question what is this story about.
So I won’t attempt it here.
(The which is not to say that there is no place for concision or shapeliness in literature.)
But every one of these masterpieces, if newly writ today, would soon find itself fallen into the limbo of the unpublishable. Exercise for the reader: Why?
So did you read it?
Of course I’m talking about the new story in Beneath Ceaseless Skies, and now I’m here to tell you all about where it came from and whatnot. What a lucky reader you are today!
Now, Frank Tarr was one of my great-grandfathers, and George Tarr, his brother, a great-great-uncle. The family story goes like this: one winter, when they were in their early or middle teen years, they built themselves a log raft and rode it all the way to Pittsburgh, where they shot a man who tried to steal it from them; and they were banned from that city for life.
Is it true? There’s no evidence at all apart from the tale that’s come down to me, and those who tell it can’t have been much more than children when the two of them died. I’ve scoured the crime columns in Pittsburgh newspaper archives, found nothing. Still, I have no reason to doubt the gist. My off-the-wall version assumes that the story that the boys told when they got back was not entirely the whole truth.
And I, too, have not entirely told the truth: Frank’s name was actually Franklin Washington Tarr (1863–1942), and George’s (?1866–1948) middle name is not known to me. They had two brothers never mentioned in the story, Ulysses S Grant (1870–1933) and William (1875–?), as well as a sister, Mary Melissa (1872–1969). Their father, Martin, died in 1876; their mother Caroline M. Bemiss (1837–before September 1914) remarried, to George M. Staley (c. 1825–1896), before 1880.
My great-great-grandfather Martin — who according to his Civil War draft record stood five-foot ten, blue eyes, light hair, light complexion, farmer, 35 years old — served briefly during the siege of Petersburg, participated in the fall of Richmond and the pursuit of Lee westward, and was present at Appomattox: hence, no doubt, the name of his third son.
Little Hope, Pennsylvania, was (and in a sense still is) a real enough place; I am uncertain if Raymond’s General Store existed so early as circa 1880, but I haven’t let that prevent me from placing it there then.
I’ve drawn most of the rafting lore from J. Herbert Walker (editor), Rafting days in Pennsylvania. Oil Creek is not actually a section of French Creek but an independent watercourse that joins the Allegheny at Oil City, which French Creek itself then joins at Franklin. Much of the oil region is now a state park, well worth a visit; don’t miss Coal Oil Johnny’s house! The small museum at the site of Colonel Drake’s first well is excellent. The well itself is still producing, but not in useful quantity.
I don’t know why Martin Tarr removed from Venango to Greenfield just before the oil rush began. I’ve answered the question with my best guess. I’ve also exaggerated the difficulty of Venango farmland.
The Prince’s tale of the great well fire conflates accounts of several lesser fires. The descriptions are adapted from S.J.M. Eaton, Petroleum: A history of the oil region of Venango County, Pennsylvania. Its resources, mode of development, and value: Embracing a discussion of ancient oil operations; with a map, and illustrations of oil scenes and boring implements (which quotes in turn Austen Henry Layard and Robert Pollok) and Charles H. Harris (writing as Oof T. Goof), History of the Venango oil regions: showing where petroleum is found; the production of petroleum; the effect of the repeal of the government tax on crude petroleum; the location, depth, average production, and ownership of all the wells on the Central Petroleum Company, Boyd, Hyde and Egbert, Stevenson, Tarr and Wood Farms, Bennhoff, Pioneer, Great Western, Bull and other Runs; together with sketches of Petroleum Centre, Pioneer City, Shaffer, Titusville, Pleasantville, and territories, and other places of note in the oil regions.
I’ve extracted additional oil miscellanea from J.H. Newton (editor), History of Venango County, Pennsylvania, and incidentally of petroleum, together with accounts of the early settlements and progress of each township, borough and village, with personal and biographical sketches of the early settlers, representative men, family records, etc., by an able corps of historians, with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, private residences, public buildings, farm scenes, oil derricks, manufactories, etc., from original sketches.
(You’ve just got to love those nineteenth-century titles. They want you to know exactly what the whole book’s about.)
The Prince’s account of his life is adapted from John Washington Steele, Coal Oil Johnny: His career as told by himself, plus additional anecdotes of various oil-region figures as related by Hildegarde Dolson (see below).
The second half of the paragraph that begins “The ship’s side was worked all over…” is adapted from Mark Twain, The adventures of Huckleberry Finn, chapter twelve. The disappearance of the Chinese boat at the end of that same section is adapted from Herman Melville, Moby-Dick: Or, The Whale, chapter CXXXV.
Charles-Valentin’s remarks on his art of nauscopy are quoted from a short treatise in E. Littel et al. (publisher-editors), The museum of foreign literature and science, volume XXIII, August 1833, pp. 140-144.
The Pirate Queen is based — very loosely; her actual life was far odder than what I’ve shown here — on Zhèng Yī Sǎo, or Zheng’s Widow, a prominent female pirate in middle Qing China. The names she uses for North America and San Francisco are borrowed from Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel The years of rice and salt. You should read it, it’s very good!
The epigraph has been cut down to size without any editorial markings of the omissions. Go ahead and consult the source — it’s available online — if you want to know more about this fascinating subject. (All direct quotations and close paraphrases are from works in the public domain.)
Additionally, I am indebted to these secondary sources:
Robert J. Antony. Like froth floating on the sea: The world of pirates and seafarers in late imperial south China.
Mike Dash, “Naval Gazing: The Enigma of Étienne Bottineau,” smithsonian.com, October 13, 2011.
Hildegarde Dolson. The great Oildorado: The gaudy and turbulent years of the first oil rush: Pennsylvania, 1859-1880.
Peter T. Leeson. The invisible hook: The hidden economics of pirates.
Dian H. Murray. Pirates of the south coast, 1790-1810.
Joseph Needham. Science and civilization in China. Volume 4, Part 3: Civil engineering and nautics.
Thomas J. Schlereth. Victorian America: Transformations in everyday life, 1876–1915.
Alan Trachtenberg. The incorporation of America: Culture and society in the gilded age.
Like most writers, I suspect, the last piece I finished is always my favorite. So it’s great to announce that my favorite story, “George & Frank Tarr, Boy Avencherers, in ‘Beeyon the Shours We Knowe!!!!’” is scheduled to appear in that epitome of publications, that model of magazines, that acme of anthologies, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, edited by the nonpareil Scott H. Andrews.
New issues are available to subscribers before the rest of the sluggardly world gets a chance to cast eyeballs at pixels, so why not subscribe today?
More soon, including the smash-hit that’s sweeping the nation, “Notes & sources (III).”
I’m going to Balticon on Memorial Day weekend. Are you?
I’ll be presenting a workshop:
Typography: Beyond Microsoft Word and CreateSpace templates
(Sunday 8–9:20 a.m.) Type is the dress our words are clothed in, someone said (could it have been Beatrice Warde?). Just as saggy sweatpants are fine for walking the dog, nobody cares how your email is formatted. But your books, now — wouldn’t a neatly tailored suit, or a sweeping ball gown, or natty plus-fours, or what-have-you — wouldn’t your books look better well and carefully dressed? Type has a five-hundred year history (not to mention the history of all the lettering arts), during which thousands of artists have developed methods, standards, and strategies for best presenting printed words to the reader. Every detail matters!
And I’ll be sitting on three panels:
Poetry in prose (Friday 5:30–6:20 p.m.) The mantra for modern stories seems to be simple, straightforward writing. Is there room for poetry and craft when audiences seem to prefer to skip to the action?
Cover it! The dos and don’ts of book covers (Sunday 5:00–5:50 p.m.) Panelists discuss elements of successful book cover design, what not to do, and offer tips and advice on how to make the packaging sell your work.
Positive, utopian and optimistic SF (Saturday 5:00–5:50 p.m.) Given the recent saturation of dystopian, post-apocalyptic and grimdark F&SF, what new directions stand to be opened by examining positive futures?
If you see me, be sure to stop and say hi. I’m not as unpleasant as I look.
And so there it is. A new story.
Unlike most stories, which need at most a short headnote, what this one really wants is a bibliography. And an apparatus criticus.
Here they are. Enjoy, O ye pendents of this fallen world!
The story’s title is an infamous remark made by James I/VI at the Hampton Court Conference. The two earliest printed editions (1604 and 1638) of The summe and substance of the conference, which, it pleased his excellent maiestie to have with the lords, bishops, and other of his clergie, (at which the most of the lords of the councell were present) in his maiesties priuy-chamber, at Hampton Court. Ianuary 14, 1603 report his remark with slightly different wording and spelling. I’ve picked out my favorite bits from each to make a composite version.
All dates in these notes and the text are Julian, or Old Style. All direct quotations and close paraphrases are from works in the public domain; biblical quotations are from the Wycliffe translation, with spelling sometimes modernized. While I have taken pains not to explicitly contradict anything known to be true (except as noted below), I am not a historian and have omitted many facts that happen to have been preserved; and all the material has been treated fictionally — for the excellent reason that this is a work of fiction.
Sections I & II. Henry, James, Richard, and Thomas Waklee (or Wakelee, Wakely, Waklyn, Walklee, Wakle, Whately, Wacklea, Wackly, Whacklea, etc.; at that time spelling names consistently was not a virtue much striven for) are all documented as living in New England about 1635 (give or take two years), but only Thomas’s name appears on a passenger list, departing Weymouth, in Dorset, 31 March 1634 aboard the Recovery bound for Massachusetts Bay (Robert Charles Anderson, The great migration, ser. 2, vol. VII, pp. 188-193). That these men were related by blood seems probable, but the exact nature and degree of their relation must, absent new evidence, remain conjectural, as must their origins in England. James is said to be a weaver in tax records (see XXVII below).
III & IV. James’s wilderness incident, and how Henry led him to safety, is adapted from a story in Henry Reed Stiles, History of ancient Wethersfield, pp. 686–687. The “shining things” are described in a deposition in Charles J. Hoadley (editor), Records of the colony or jurisdiction of New Haven, vol. II, pp. 86–87.
V & VI. Rev. Stone’s sermon at the mustering in Hartford is adapted from Captain Edward Johnson, Wonder-working providence of Sion’s savior in New England, pp. 112–113; he was chaplain to the expedition. Henry was awarded land in Hartford for his volunteer service in the Pequot War and additional land for another period of service shortly after (James Shepard, Connecticut soldiers in the Pequot War of 1637, p. 31). Reading the history of the conflict, it is hard to escape the conclusion that Uncas, lacking the power to kill his political enemies, manipulated the English into doing it for him.
VII, VIII, IX. Henry married Sarah Burt, widow of Judah Gregory, 4 September 1649 (Clarence Almon Torrey, New England marriages prior to 1700) in Springfield — then in Connecticut colony — but soon removed to Stratford, where he was one of the original settlers. Their children are named in Donald Lines Jacobus, History and genealogy of the families of Old Fairfield, vol. I, p. 628. Henry’s remarks about providence are adapted from an anonymous pamphlet, New Englands first fruits; in respect first of the conversion of some, conviction of divers, preparation of sundry, of the Indians, pp. 36–39 (corrected pagination; original has two signatures with duplicate page numbers).
X. James’s remarkable record of litigation, and the peculiar circumstances of his marriage to the Widow Boosey, are documented in Arthur Adams (editor), Records of the Particular Court of Connecticut, pp. 28-30, 43, 45, 46, 49, 51–53, 62, 63, 69–72, 74, 88–91, 99–102, 106, 108, 116–120, 132, 174, 179, 195, 196, 222, 224, 227, 229, 232–236, 240, 244.
XI. Dr. Rossiter’s report on the autopsy he performed on Elizabeth Kelly is preserved in the witchcraft supplement of the Samuel Wyllys papers, printed in David D. Hall, Witch-hunting in seventeenth-century New England, pp. 154-155; see also the comments in the Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 21 (1893), pp. 661-662. I also wish to thank Anatoly Belilovsky for pointing me in the right direction about the retrospective diagnosis.
XII. Sarah F. McMahon presents an admirable quantitative analysis of the colonial New England diet in “A comfortable subsistence: The changing composition of diet in rural New England, 1620-1840,” in The William and Mary quarterly, ser. 3, vol. 42 (1985), pp. 26–65.
XIII. For the “fine midsummer’s frolic,” see, for example, James George Frazer, The golden bough: A study in magic and religion, chap. LXVII, sec. 5: “The midsummer fires” (pp. 720–732 in the one-volume abridgment). Those present are named in Rebecca Greensmith’s confession (see XXII–XXV below). James was a constable in Wethersfield: Stiles, Wethersfield, p. 309. On 14 May 1677, Alice Waklee was fined £40 — a sum sufficient to purchase a small farm — for selling two gallons of liquor to Indians (Helen S. Ullmann [editor], Hartford County, Connecticut, county court minutes, p. 220). She confessed to selling one gallon, and there is no reason to suppose that this was a new enterprise of hers.
XIV. The hearsay that Henry listens to is based on depositions excerpted and summarized in Gale Ion Harris, “William and Goodwife Ayres: Witches who got away,” The American genealogist, vol. 75, no. 3 (July 2000), pp. 197–205. The water test is reported in Increase Mather, An essay for the recording of illustrious providences, reprinted in George Lincoln Burr (editor), Narratives of the witchcraft cases 1648–1706, p. 21.
XV. The story James tells the children is adapted from one told by John Higginson in a letter to Increase Mather (Mather papers, Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, ser. 4, vol. 8, pp. 285–286).
XVI. Henry was appointed in November 1659 to “watch over the youths or any disorderly carriages in the time of public exercises on the Lord’s Day or other times and see that they behave themselves comely, and note any disordering persons by such raps or blows as he in his discretion shall see meet” (Samuel Orcutt, A history of the old town of Stratford, p. 167). The story of Goody Bassett is also from Orcutt, p. 148.
XVII & XVIII. The administration of Wethersfield harbor is described in Sherman W. Adams’s essay “The maritime history of Wethersfield,” in Stiles, Wethersfield, chapter XII, pp. 536–595. James’s route home is based on the admirable map published by the Wethersfield Historical Society, drawn by Arthur C. Willard and W. Dudley Birmingham (February 1951) from data in Stiles and Adams, op., as they say, cit. Sarah’s lumber pies are based on a recipe in Robert May, The accomplisht cook or, the art & mystery of cookery, pp. 222–223. For puppydog-water, see Pepys’s diary (Latham and Matthews edition), vol. V, p. 78 (8 March 1663/64) and the note in vol. X, p. 605; the formula is from Mary Evelyn, The ladies dressing-room unlock’d, and her toilette spread, together, with a fop-dictionary, and a rare and incomparable receipt to make pig, or puppidog-water for the face.
XIX. In colonial America, the untimely death of a child was an almost universal experience. Although there’s no record that any of Henry’s children died young, only the names of those to survive to adulthood are known, and Stratford vital records have not been preserved complete.
XX. Ann Cole’s strange behavior is described in Mather, Illustrious providences, pp. 17–21, which is based on a letter (4 December 1682) from the Rev. John Whiting, who had been an eyewitness twenty years earlier (Mather papers, pp. 466–469). Rev. Stone’s handkerchief was certainly illegal; according to the sumptuary laws still in effect (but widely flouted), no one of an estate worth less than £200 was permitted to own gold lace.
XXI. Usury, though permitted in the New England colonies, as in England, at rates of up to eight percent, was generally regarded as sinful and iniquitous, until the 1699 Cambridge Synod determined that charging interest was consistent with scripture; see Cotton Mather, Thirty important cases resolved with evidence of scripture and reason.
XXII–XXV. The Hartford witch panic is summarized in Charles J. Hoadly, “A case of witchcraft in Hartford” in The Connecticut magazine, vol. 5, no. 11 (November 1899), and chapters VIII and IX of R. G. Tomlinson, Witchcraft prosecution: Chasing the devil in Connecticut. James’s route through Hartford is based on the map drawn by William S. Porter (1838) in Mary Kingbury Talbott and William S. Porter, The original proprietors of Hartford. Thomas Bracey accused James at Katherine Harrison’s 1669 trial (John M. Taylor, The witchcraft delusion of colonial Connecticut 1647–1697, pp. 49–50), but the deponent likely said something similar at this time. The early Hartford prison is described in William DeLoss Love, The colonial history of Hartford, pp. 286–289; he notes: “Some prisoners took with them such articles of furniture as they needed. […] Nathaniel Greensmith had there ‘One Bed well filled,’ ‘One Boulster,’ ‘One Rugg, one Blankett’ and ‘Two Blanketts,’ valued at £6 10s” (frustratingly, Love does not cite a source for his quotations). Rebecca Greensmith’s confession in open court is summarized in Whiting’s letter to Mather, p. 468; her further confession against her husband, herself, and others still exists in the Wyllys papers supplement. James’s opinion of witchcraft, while perhaps not usual, is not anachronistic; see, for example, John Hale’s A modest inquiry into the nature of witchcraft. Similarly, contemporary reaction to homosexual behavior was, despite the rhetoric of sermon and law book, usually quite muted; see Richard Godbeer, “‘The cry of Sodom’: Discourse, intercourse, and desire in colonial New England” in The William and Mary quarterly, ser. 3, vol. LII, no. 2 (April 1995), pp. 259–286. James and Rev. Stone’s arguments about Christmas are adapted from sources quoted in J. A. R. Pimlott, “Christmas under the Puritans” in History Today, vol. 10, no. 12 (December 1960). The accusation against James that Rev. Haines reads is adapted from transcripts of the 1677 trial of Nicholas Sension, of Windsor, Connecticut, quoted in Goober.
XXVI. James first fled to Rhode Island in late December 1662 or early January 1662/63, returned by early July, was indicted again in June 1665, fled again, and this time remained in Rhode Island, forfeiting all his Connecticut assets; I have compressed these movements to a single flight.
XXVII. The lives of Ann Cole, Katherine Harrison, Elizabeth Seagar, and Judith Varlett are epitomized in Tomlinson, Witchcraft. Alice is referred to as “Widow Wakelee” in Wethersfield tax records. Her fence disputes are in Ullmann, Court minutes. James granted power of attorney to Henry, who petitioned to be released from it, and was; and both James and Alice petitioned for divorce, but were refused; see Adams, Particular Court, for this and James’s other legal woes. For Thomas Waklee’s death, see Anderson, Great migration; Cotton Mather also mentions him in Magnalia christi americana. James’s penury is reflected in the token taxes assessed on him (Horatio Rogers, et al. [editors], The early records of the town of Providence, vol. XV, pp. 195, 210; vol. XVII, pp. 47, 51). Matthew Cole’s fate is noted in Hoadly, “Witchcraft.” Rev. Stone’s riparian tumble is actually how his son, also named Samuel Stone, died, but Rev. Stone seemed to me to richly deserve such a fate; see J. Hammond Trumbull, The memorial history of Hartford County, Connecticut 1633–1884, p. 263, quoting John Whiting’s letter to Increase Mather. A letter from the citizens of Rhode Island, complaining of James’s presence, is printed in J. Hammond Trumbull, Public records of the colony of Connecticut, from 1665 to 1678, p. 527.
XXVIII. Henry’s will is abstracted in Jacobus, Fairfield; it is actually dated 11 July 1689, with a codicil added 5 April 1690, and was exhibited 8 November 1690. The quoted legal language is adapted from Peregrine White’s will (1704).
XXIX. James was still alive in early October 1690, when a court ruled in his favor; another court order of May 1691 mentions that he had died recently (Hoadly, Records, pp. 35–36 and 44).
In addition to all the above, I am indebted to these secondary sources:
Alfred A. Cave, The Pequot War.
Gregory Robert Cunningham, The history of the Wakelee family since they were known in America.
John Putnam Demos, Entertaining Satan: Witchcraft and the culture of early New England.
Kai T. Erikson. Wayward pilgrims: A study in the sociology of deviance.
David Hackett Fischer, Albion’s seed: Four British folkways in America.
Richard M. Lederer, Jr. Colonial American English: a glossary.
Walter W. Woodward, Prospero’s America: John Winthrop, Jr., alchemy, and the creation of New England culture, 1606–1676.

domain: library


text:
When coffee is processed, the multi-layers of the skin are removed from the seed of the coffee cherry. These discarded layers are often composted, but can also be dried as cascara, which means ‘peel’ in Spanish. Cascara tea is made from these dried, coffee cherries and is brewed similarly to tea. It has a slightly sweet taste with notes of hibiscus, raisin, and maple and is full of health benefits. The tasting notes can vary based on the growing region, the maturation of the coffee cherry when it is harvested, and the brewing method.
Cascara tea is rich in both antioxidants and nutrients contributing to overall health and wellness. Polyphenols and hydrocinnamic acids are antioxidant compounds that can help combat oxidative stress and protect against damage to the body’s cells. Along with reducing stress, antioxidants are known for their potential to reduce inflammation and decrease the likelihood of various diseases, including heart disease and certain types of cancer. The coffee fruit is also a valuable source of essential nutrients, including Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), Magnesium, Chlorogenic acid, Quinic acid, and Diterpenes. The antioxidants, nutrients, and minerals found in Cascara benefit overall health and body function. Cascara also contains prebiotic fiber, which promotes a healthy gut bacteria and aids in digestion. Although cascara tea has a lower caffeine content compared to coffee, it still contains some caffeine providing the potential for a natural, energy boost. And like other herbal teas, cascara tea can contribute to hydration and support overall hydration and fluid balance in the body.
Bona’s Cascara is sourced from Fazenda Camocim (The Café Bio Project), located in Espirito Santo, Brazil. The farm is grown within an agroforestry system, operating on almost 600 acres of land containing over 300,000 different varieties of coffee trees. The Café Bio Project utilizes biodynamic farming which is a holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to agriculture that incorporates similar methods and values of organic farming. This agricultural approach promotes self sufficiency for both the farmers and the land while limiting the use of pesticides, fertilizers, or herbicides. Decreasing reliance on chemical applications enhances the soil quality and can help better preserve the natural flavors and health benefits of the coffee fruit. Promoting sustainable agricultural methods protects the environment and supports the long-term sustainability of coffee farming. In biodynamic farming, the goal is to operate and sustain the natural ecosystem of the land and the agricultural methods are used with the intention to maintain the natural function and balance of the land. Biodynamic farming practices have the potential to enhance the quality of life for the farmers, surrounding community, and the environment through strengthening soil quality, preserving water resources, and reducing carbon emissions.

domain: food


text:
adidas Gents Prime blue Polo Shirt Crew Navy - White
adidas Gents Primeblue Polo Shirt Crew Navy - White
Bold style for the course and the clubhouse. This adidas golf shirt is made of lightweight, breathable jacquard fabric that keeps you feeling fresh. The classic polo cut features a modern print for an on-point look.
Primeblue is a high-performance recycled material made in part with Parley Ocean Plastic.
- Regular fit
- Three-button polo collar
- 100% recycled polyester jacquard
- Split hem
- Product colour: Crew Navy / White
- Product code: HD3986

domain: design


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Here is the main part of the project: the markers themselves! The markers will soon dot the landscape of Arlington, but for now you can admire them on this website. You can also view their location here. Next to each marker are paragraphs that explain why these climate change related events are happening, and what you can do to help (either with preventing or advocating the event listed in the markers). Climate change is already a huge part of our lives, so many of these markers are diverse, relating to flooding, high temperature, clean air, and public transportation. We hope you enjoy this preview of the markers.
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text:
While the Auburn football offense has struggled for much of the season, the defense has been the saving grace of this team. The offense has had a hard time finding an identity between the quarterback rotation and the wide receivers unit, but the defense has been locked in.
One thing about the Auburn football defense is they love a motto or a catchphrase. There’s cornerback Jaylin Simpson’s “plankton mentality” and linebacker Eugene Asante’s “let’s work” to the secondary’s turnover seatbelt.
Recently, the Tigers’ coaches have added another mantra to the list: Survive the script. Although it sounds similar to head coach Hugh Freeze’s “flip the script” it has a completely different meaning for the defense, per The Montgomery Advertiser:
"“Our coaches just say, ‘Survive the script.’ That’s what we know,” [D.J.] James said Saturday after his team’s 31-15 win. “Every coach, every offensive coordinator, they’ve got a script for the first 10 plays. … Once we get through the script, we’ve pretty much got what we’re doing. And we’ll just adjust on the sideline.”"
“The script” is the offensive game plan drawn up by the other team for the very beginning of the game, usually comprised of solid, well-practiced plays that are meant to score early points. Defensive coaches are telling the players to lock in early, survive that first set of plays, and then make adjustments on the sidelines.
Simpson went on to say that surviving the script really sets the tone for the Tigers’ defense and sets them up for a strong game:
"“We haven’t been starting off too hot almost every game, but we survive that script and I feel like nobody can mess with us. That plays a big role.”"
Auburn football will return to action this Saturday on the road against Arkansas with a kickoff time of 3:00 p.m.