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Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek's tumour), an unusual large polyp of the jejunum: a case report
Cases Journal volume 2, Article number: 7152 (2009)
We report the case of a 46-year-old man who presented with recurrent episodes of severe upper abdominal pain over a period of three months. A computerized tomography scan of his abdomen demonstrated a large non-obstructing jejunal mass. He underwent laparotomy and resection of a 13.5 cm tumour from the distal jejunum. Histopathological examination confirmed a large inflammatory fibroid polyp of the jejunum. The clinical presentation and microscopic features are discussed.
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp (IFP) is an uncommon, benign, sub-mucosal lesion, first described by Vanek in 1949 . When present, they are mostly found in the gastric antrum (70%) or in the ileum (20%); however, they are considered to be very rare in the duodenum and jejunum . IFPs are usually found incidentally in asymptomatic patients . However, patients can also present with abdominal pain, weight loss, bleeding, dyspeptic symptoms and obstruction, with the pattern of symptoms dependent on the site and size of the lesion . We report a case of an IFP confined to the distal jejunum which presented in an unusual manner and review the literature.
A previously well 46-year-old British Caucasian man was admitted with a 3 month history of a heavy dragging pain in his abdomen. The pain had been progressively worsening and was more noticeable when standing and moving. Despite having presented to medical personnel on a number of previous occasions, clinical examination revealed a 10-15 cm mobile mass in the centre of the abdomen. A plain abdominal radiograph did not show any features of obstruction. Ultrasonography of his abdomen prior to his admission had demonstrated gall bladder polyps, but no signs of cholelithiasis. Gastroscopy which had also been undertaken previously was found to be normal. A Computerized Tomography (CT) scan of his abdomen with oral and i.v. contrast was performed. This demonstrated a large soft tissue intraluminal mass arising from the distal jejunum measuring 11 cm × 8 cm × 5 cm with no signs of obstruction (Figure 1). The clinical impression was that of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), lymphoma or small bowel adenocarcinoma. A laparotomy with small bowel resection and side to side stapled anastomosis was performed and recovery was uneventful. Within hours of the operation, the patient reported that the heavy sensation in his abdomen had completely abated.
Macroscopic examination of the specimen revealed a dumbbell-shaped, circumscribed fleshy white mass measuring 13.5 cm in maximum dimension (Figure 2). This extended into the mucosa, forming an ulcerated polyp with intact serosa. Histopathology revealed variable cellularity, with spindle cells having bland nuclei and clear cytoplasm. There was an abundant inflammatory infiltrate comprising plasma cells, lymphocytes and eosinophils (Figure 3). The lesion involved the entire thickness of the bowel wall with extensive ulceration of the overlying mucosa. On immunohistochemistry, the spindle cells were negative for cytokeratins, CD117 (c-kit), S100, Actin, Desmin, CD34, CD10 and Melan A. The morphological features were typical of IFP and the immunoprofile was consistent with this diagnosis. The patient recovered without complications and remained well and symptom free at 6 weeks post discharge.
IFPs are one of the least common benign small bowel tumours. They fall under the classification of submucosal connective tissue tumours and were first described by Vanek in 1949 . They typically present in the 5th to 7th decade of life and can be found throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but most commonly in the gastric antrum (70%) or ileum (20%), but rarely in the duodenum and jejunum . Histologically they arise from the submucosa and are characterised by vascular and fibroblast proliferation and an inflammatory response, dominated by eosinophils . Further immunohistochemical analysis can demonstrate variable reactivity for Actin, CD34, Desmin, CD117 and S100 . The morphology is usually characteristic, but potential differential diagnoses of Vanek tumours on biopsy alone include GIST, inflammatory pseudotumour and other rare soft tissue lesions [5, 6]. The aetiology of IFP is not known, but a mechanism of chemical, traumatic or metabolic mucosal injury with a poorly controlled inflammatory response has been hypothesised -.
In the main, IFPs rarely reach more than 6 cm, and their size is presumably related to the likelihood of symptoms. Recently, Schildhaus et al., 2008 described 25 cases of small bowel IFPs, the largest of which measured 7 cm and none were found in the jejunum . Recently a paper has described an IFP in the ileum of 15 cm . Other recent papers have described ileal IFPs of smaller size [12, 13] presenting with symptoms of obstruction. There have been reports of retroperitoneal IFPs measuring up to 20 cm  and of colon IFPs measuring upto 14 cm . About 15 cases of jejunal IFP have been described in the current literature and these rarely exceed 3-4 cm .
Many IFPs are identified incidentally during endoscopy or laparotomy. When symptomatic, the clinical presentation relates to the site of the tumour. The symptoms are often vague and can include nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain and change in bowel habit [3, 16]. If the overlying mucosa ulcerates then GI bleeding or anaemia may occur. Acute presentations with intussusception or obstruction are also commonly described [17, 18]. Most of the jejunal IFPs described in the literature to date have been found to cause small bowel obstruction as a result of intussusception. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment and the tumours are not thought to recur following complete resection .
In the current case report, the patient presented with a heavy pulling sensation in the abdomen. This was presumably due to the weight of the tumour pulling on the small bowel mesentery like a pendulum, which resolved immediately after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only reported case in which the tumour has presented in this manner. This could be explained by the unusually large size of the tumour involved (13.5 cm), which enlarged without causing obstruction or intussusception. The tumour in this case was easily palpable on abdominal examination. This case highlights the importance of performing a thorough examination, even when patients present with unusual symptoms that are suspicious of functional pain.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
SR assisted with the surgical procedure, reviewed the literature and wrote a first draft of the manuscript. ZG reviewed the literature, corrected, finalised and submitted the manuscript. TW performed the surgical procedure and was involved with the conception of the report, literature review, and manuscript preparation and editing. AC provided expert pathology input and histology slides. GK was involved with the conception of the report, supervised the surgical procedure, and was involved with manuscript editing and reviewing.
Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp
Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
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Wysocki AP, Taylor G, Windsor JA: Inflammatory fibroid polyps of the duodenum: a review of the literature. Dig Surg. 2007, 24: 162-168. 10.1159/000102099.
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Kolodziejczyk P, Yao T, Tsuneyoshi M: Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach. A special reference to an immunohistochemical profile of 42 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1993, 17: 1159-1168. 10.1097/00000478-199311000-00009.
Daum O, Hes O, Vanecek T, Benes Z, Sima R, Zamecnik M, Mukensnabl P, Hadravska S, Curik R, Michal M: Vanek's tumor (inflammatory fibroid polyp). Report of 18 cases and comparison with three cases of original Vanek's series. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2003, 7: 337-347. 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2003.09.003.
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Acero D, Garijo G, Hombrados M, Figa M, Adrados M, Aldeguer X, Gonzalez-Huix F, Miro J, Bernado L: Gastrointestinal inflammatory fibroid polyps. Clinical characteristics and follow-up in a series of 26 patients. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005, 28: 215-220. 10.1157/13073089.
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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Rehman, S., Gamie, Z., Wilson, T.R. et al. Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanek's tumour), an unusual large polyp of the jejunum: a case report. Cases Journal 2, 7152 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1626-2-7152
- Small Bowel
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HANOVER, Pa (WHTM) — On Saturday night a pedestrian was fatally hit by a car when trying to cross the road on the 200 block of York Street, according to the Hanover Borough Police Department.
The 62-year-old woman was not using a marked crosswalk and wearing dark clothing when the 1995 Toyota Tacoma operated by Matthew Riggleman, of Abbottstown, struck her.
The victim was pronounced deceased on the scene by a York County Deputy Coroner.
The police department is asking for anyone that may have witnessed the accident to contact the police department through York County 911 or at 717-637-5575.
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We are working with four international research partners in strategic wetland/watershed systems with whom we have had past research involvement. The doctoral research of each student in our program will evolve from and be shaped by specific problems and research questions identified with our research partners. However, a research agenda in three fundamental areas has been identified. The three areas and associated research questions follow:
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- What are the cultural and political obstacles to, and resources for, adaptive system management, including nature-related religious and philosophical values, problems of state capacity and transboundary concerns?
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Adaptive Management: Wise Use of Water, Wetlands & Watersheds
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Central element of signal recognition particle characterised through structural biology
In their research on cellular protein transport, Heidelberg researchers have succeeded in characterising the structure and function of another important element of this complex transport system. At centre stage is the signal recognition particle, or SRP, the molecular “postman” for the sorting and membrane insertion of proteins. The team led by Prof. Dr. Irmgard Sinning of the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center was now able to decode an important and so far not characterised SRP component. The results of this research were published today in “Science”.
Every cell contains hundreds of proteins, more than a third of which must be sorted out for incorporation into cell membranes or export from the cell. SRP is the molecular “postman” responsible for this process. Cellular traffic falls apart without SRP logistics. With the aid of a built-in transport signal, SRP packages are retrieved right at the ribosomes, the synthesis factories of the cell. From there they go to the outbox, the translocation channel. In the human organism, SRP is a macromolecular complex consisting of a ribonucleic acid, the SRP RNA, and six proteins bound to it. While four of these proteins are understood at the atomic-detail level, the two largest ones – SRP68 and SRP72 – had “stubbornly resisted closer study,” explains Prof. Sinning.
The Structural Biology department headed by Irmgard Sinning has now succeeded in characterising an essential component of the SRP system, the RNA binding domain of SRP68. The Heidelberg researchers were focussed on how this protein binds to SRP RNA. They discovered that SRP68 has an arginine-rich motif (ARM), which is not only responsible for binding, but also significantly alters the structure of the SRP RNA. The “strong ARM” bends the RNA into its functional form. “Without this modification, the SRP would not be able to bind to the ribosomes correctly, which would block transport of newly synthesized proteins to the translocation channel,” adds Prof. Sinning.
The analysis of earlier electron microscopy and biochemical data allows for even further conclusions. Bending the RNA pushes two bases outward, which make direct contact with the ribosome. Once the translocation channel is reached, the contact breaks off, and these bases are available for regulating the motor system of translocation. “Our research on the ‘strong ARM’ of protein translocation allowed us to fill in one of the last remaining gaps of the SRP system,” underscores Dr. Klemens Wild from Prof. Sinning’s department.
J.T. Grotwinkel, K. Wild, B. Segnitz and I. Sinning: SRP RNA Remodeling by SRP68 Explains Its Role in Protein Translocation, Science (4 April 2014), Vol. 344 no. 6179 pp. 101-104, doi: 10.1126/science.1249094
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In a paper in Scientific Reports, a research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute describes a novel light-activated phenomenon that could become the basis for applications as diverse as microscopic robotic grippers and more efficient solar cells.
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By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
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'Ferroelectric' materials can switch between different states of electrical polarization in response to an external electric field. This flexibility means they show promise for many applications, for example in electronic devices and computer memory. Current ferroelectric materials are highly valued for their thermal and chemical stability and rapid electro-mechanical responses, but creating a material that is scalable down to the tiny sizes needed for technologies like silicon-based semiconductors (Si-based CMOS) has proven challenging.
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domain: medical


text:
Innosphere Client Company, Green Sun Medical, Finalist in the leading MedTech Conference in North America
Green Sun Medical to compete in AdvaMed 2016 MedTech Conference for $335K in prizes
Green Sun Medical, a Colorado-based startup company developing a transformative bracing technology for the treatment of adolescent scoliosis, was named by AdvaMed 2016: The MedTech Conference as one of four finalists in the annual MedTech Innovator global competition. MedTech Innovator is the medtech industry’s global competition and virtual accelerator, and Green Sun Medical rose to the top of 430 applications submitted from organizations in 24 countries. The competition will be held on October 19th in Minneapolis, Minn. for $335,000 in prizes.
Green Sun Medical is developing a tech-enabled spinal brace for adolescent scoliosis patients. Their technology allows the patient to move and generate constant corrective forces necessary to reverse deformity by having the brace apply reduction forces. “It’s an honor to be named a finalist with these incredible companies driving innovation into the medical technology industry,” said Jamie Haggard, Green Sun Medical CEO and Co-Founder. “To be recognized by AdvaMed and MedTech Innovator has generated enormous momentum for us.”
Green Sun Medical is a current client company of Innosphere, Colorado’s leading high-tech incubator. With support from Innosphere’s business incubation program, Green Sun Medical has become investor ready, has connected with experienced advisors, and has received introductions to corporate and strategic partners. “Green Sun Medical is quickly gaining recognition and support,” said Mike Freeman, Innosphere CEO. “Their medical device will change lives and we’re lucky to work with their incredible team.”


text: Welcome to Implications of Policy, Finance and Business on Population Health. This is Lecture c, this lecture will cover the innovations occurring at the state level and among employers. The objectives for this lecture of implications of policy, finance, and business on population health are to discuss and interpret the key financial drivers in the US healthcare system and their implications. Discuss key state innovations and employer responses to the key financial drivers and federal policies. One of the unique features of the American political structure is the freedom of individual states to implement innovative domestic policies, like healthcare. As we discussed in the history of value based payment in 2006, Massachusetts implemented individual health insurance mandates. And a health insurance exchange that has resulted in health insurance coverage for 96.3% of Massachusetts residence. More recently, Maryland applied for an received approval from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services, CMS. In January 2014 for a five year global hospital budget demonstration project through 2018. Maryland is unique among the 50 states in that it had previously obtained a waiver from CMS for an all payer system. An all payer system is one in which all payers, Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers all pay the same rate for hospital based service. In the other 49 states, these different payers all pay different rates. Typically, Medicaid pays the lowest, Medicare next lowest, and the private insurers pay the highest rates, which are negotiated separately based on the negotiating power of the payer. As a result there are myriad of rates at the state level. And the net effect is private insurance usually cross subsidizes Medicaid and Medicare rates. In Maryland, all the payers pay the same rate for all hospital services so that there are no cross subsidies. The novel aspect of this new program is that there is a global budget for hospital revenue. So that hospital revenues are capped in any given year regardless of volume. If hospitals provide less or more services than last year, they still are paid the same global amount. All the stakeholders, the state, CMS, employers and hospitals have agreed to an annual ceiling of 3.58% growth in hospital revenues, plus the growth in the states populations. In return, Maryland guaranteed to CMS savings of a minimum of $330 million on all Maryland Medicare recipients over the course of the waiver. Regardless of whether they live in Maryland or quote, snowbird, unquote, to Florida. The reason that CMS wanted the savings is that they had been paying higher rates in Maryland than in any other state. Because they were not being cross subsidized by the private insurers. From the point of view of the state, the net effect of this provision is that it places all Maryland Medicare recipient into a giant virtual ACO with a global target. Because under the prior waiver Maryland hospitals were paid strictly fee for service FFS at a regulated rate. There was an incentive to maintain volume as a result historically the rates of remissions, and hospital required conditions were significantly higher in Maryland than in other states. To address these issues, the waiver includes reducing the rate of Medicare readmissions to the national average. And reducing hospital acquired conditions by 30% over 5 years, which will greatly contribute to the achievement of the $330 million in savings promised to CMS. Under a global budget, the incentives are to reduce volume. And the waiver puts into place monitoring and reporting measures to ensure that the hospitals are delivering the most appropriate care. There are measurements for patient experience of care, for improvement of population health, and for monitoring other health expenditures during the waiver. This extensive evaluation process by CMS will occur throughout the 5 years of the demonstration project. Maryland and CMS just published the results of the first year under the waiver in the November 12, 2015 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. Hospital costs actually only went up 1.47% versus 3.5%. Medicare has already saved $116 million out of the $330 million promised, and hospital acquired conditions have dropped by 26.3%. Based on the promise of this model, CMS announced on September 16th 2015 that other states are interested in implementing this model. What gave the policymakers in Maryland and CMS confidence that this global budget system might work was the experience in rural Maryland. There were pilot demonstrations of the global hospital budget models in rural Maryland that took place over several years before the state wide waiver was granted in 2014. We have two examples of the innovative ways that hospitals in rural Maryland reacted to the incentives to provide value instead of volume under a global budget model. One was at the Carrol Hospital in Westminster, Maryland. The reallocated moneys from there global budget to train police officers to triage behavior health issues with the appropriate behavioral health provider. Instead of first sending them unnecessarily to the emergency room at Carrol Hospital. Historically, if Carroll Hospital spends money to train these police officers, they would not only be reimbursed for the training, but they would also loose the revenue from the emergency room. A quote loose loose unquote proposition. Now under the global budget, they had the monies to invest in training and not be penalized if they reduced unnecessary Admissions. This is a great example of aligning the incentives to reward value and provide appropriate care in the most appropriate setting. The second example is at the Meritus Medical Center located in Hagerstown, Maryland. The hospital historically had identified pediatric asthma as a significant medical problem in Hagerstown, as it is in many communities. Children from Hagerstown would routinely show up in the emergency room with severe acute asthma attacks. And not infrequently would require hospitalization. With global budgeting and the guarantee of revenue independent of volume, they found it in their financial interest to fund a school-based clinic staffed by a nurse practitioner. The nurse not only educated asthmatic children in how to remain asthma free. But also can intervene earlier in a child's asthmatic attack to avoid unnecessary trips to the And admissions for acute asthma. As you all know it is much better for the child and the parents to keep children out of the And hospital. This is another great example of realigning the incentives to deliver the triple aim. Better care, lower costs, and better patient experience. There are also innovations occurring in other states beyond global budgeting. These innovations are funded through the state innovation models program, which is funded with a billion dollars from the Affordable Care Act. It is administered by the CMS Innovations Center that was mentioned earlier. The purpose of the program is to facilitate innovative approaches to the provision and reimbursement of healthcare at the state level, to support the triple aim. It is meant to build upon the freedom to innovate at the local level, built into our system of state government. Total funding for round one in 2012 was $300 million. Six states, including Oregon, Vermont, Massachusetts, Arkansas, Minnesota and Maine received a total of $250 million for state wide multipayer delivery models. Including accountable care organizations, ACOs, and patient centered medical homes, PCMHs. The $50 million balance was distributed among 19 states for some pretesting or design for round two in 2014. Total funding for round two in 2014 was approximately $660 million. Of that amount $620 million was allocated to 11 states for implementation of the models, they had designed and tested in round one. The balance of $40 million was provided to 17 other states, 3 territories, and Washington, DC for some pre testing and design for future rounds of grants. The innovations contemplated in rounds one and two cover 61% of the US population. We can anticipate a steady stream of innovations coming out of these local experiments that should inform the evolution of the whole US system. Employer based benefits are a key feature of the American healthcare system. As you can see, it is a pretax federal subsidy, ie, a tax deductible expense. Monies that employers spend on healthcare can be deducted as a business expense, and do not count against taxable income for the organization. Its origins date back to World War II as an artifact of wage and price controls that were in place then. As you might imagine, there was a shortage of labor for the war effort that drove up wages. To ensure that there was not excessive inflation at home during the war, a strict limit was imposed on how much wages could increase. However, employers still had to compete for scarce labor. They lobbied to increase non wage benefits, like health insurance, so that they could be more competitive in the market for labor. Since health care was relatively inexpensive then, they were successful in convincing the Federal Government that the addition of this benefit would not cause undue wage inflation. They base their insurance on an existing FFS health insurance model popularized by the Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans. As you can see from this slide, the inflationary impact of this benefit turned out not to be trivial. If these commodities inflated at the same rate as healthcare costs from 1945 to 2009, a dozen eggs would cost $55, a gallon of milk $48 and a dozen oranges $134. Another way to look at it is that salaries between 1999 and 2009 went up 38% while healthcare costs went up 131%. Since wages and benefits are interchangeable financially from the employer perspective, the net effect is that health benefits costs crowd out wage increases to workers. As a result it is in the interest of employers and workers to reduce healthcare costs. Disease management was an industry response to meet employer demand to rein in the kinds of increases in health care expenses noted in the previous slide. These companies are principally private, for profit companies that arose to help employers better manage the population of patients with two or more chronic conditions. This population accounts for 86% of the healthcare spending. Another common rule of thumb is that 5% of any given population accounts for approximately 50% of the costs. The promise of disease management companies was that by focusing on this population, they could help employers moderate that rate of healthcare inflation. Because of this promise and the rapid rise in health care cost, 59% of large employers who offered health care coverage in 2008 had contracted with one or more disease management company to help manage these patients. Here are the classical elements of an employer based disease management program. The first is that it extracts and analyzes the health insurance claims of the employees to identify the population with the targeted diseases, conditions of the disease management program. Once identified, there is an assumption that commonly accepted evidence-based guidelines exist for the care of these diagnoses. Against which the disease management vendor can assess how well they are managed, and to improve their health and reduce costs. In order to help these patients, the disease management companies employ multidisciplinary teams to coordinate the care, as well as educate patients on self-management. These programs also include extensive monitoring and reporting systems to show return on investment in these program interventions to the employer. As you will see in the last lecture in the series, these elements form the foundation of provider innovations in population health. However, employer based disease management programs have had mixed results. And hence, the focus on provider based interventions. One problem is due to the private proprietary nature of the industry, which limits incentives to agree on common metrics and shared data. As a result, there are inconsistent measures across vendors and different criteria among the vendors to identify the target populations for a particular disease or condition. The net effect is great difficulty in comparing the performance of one program against another because of inconsistent population numerators and denominators. Another major issue is that patients generally, do not have just one chronic disease. They typically have several chronic diseases. For example, a diabetic very commonly will have heart disease and lipid problems. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from smoking will commonly have heart disease and so on. Programs that target a single disease may select patient with more benign courses. And exclude patients who may be sicker, due to having multiple chronic problems. As a result, patients in these programs could be less expensive. Not due to better management, but rather due to the fact that the patient was fundamentally healthier at the outset. A situation which is commonly called positive selection bias. Also once a patient has multiple chronic diseases, there are no master guidelines that coordinate or trade off among the guidelines. So that a patient is confronted with multiple uncoordinated and sometimes conflicting guidelines to follow. A third major issue with disease management programs is the lack of coordination with primary care. Because these programs are stand alone, quote carve out unquote, programs sponsored by employers and employ their own care coordination teams outside of the provider delivery systems. There are challenges in sharing information and coordinating care with the patient's primary care physicians and specialists. It increases the chances that the patient will receive inconsistent and uncoordinated guidance. Finally, to its credit, the disease management industry has been evolving to meet the changing demands of the marketplace. One can see the evolution from the changes in the name of the lobbying or interest group for the industry. It has gone from the Disease Management Alliance to the Care Continuum Alliance and most recently, to the Population Health Alliance. However, the downside of this evolution is the lack of consistent population health numerators and denominators. To support creation of common metrics, to evaluate objectively the performance of these programs. This concludes Lecture c of Implications of Policy, Finance and Business on Population Health. In this lecture, we learned about state and employer initiatives in population health.


text: Changes in the economic system from agriculture into manufacturing helped provide employment, especially female workers. Women workers has been imaged as an ideal worker skilled, diligent, conscientious and obedient and work for less. Industrialization enabling various changes and cumulative impacts. One is the impact on Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and reproductive health (reproductive health). In Sukabumi, the number of mothers dying in 2012 as many as 76 people with the highest percentage caused by eclampsia, bleeding and infection. The number of babies dying as much as 491 people with the highest percentage of low birth weight due. In mid 2013, the maternal mortality reached 31 people. The number of cases of HIV Aids in Sukabumi in 2011 amounted to 14 people in 2012 amounted to 22 people and in 2013 had reached 69 people, nearly 80% of people with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV) is derived from their productive age between 19-50 years or working age. A very significant figure in line with the development of industrialization in Sukabumi quite rapidly. This study was to determine the extent of rural industrialization impact on the reproductive health of women workers in the industrial sector Sukabumi. The output of this research as a decision support and intervention programs on reproductive health for women workers in the industrial sector in Sukabumi.

domain: sociology


2022 Belmont Stakes Odds, Entries, Post Positions: Kentucky Derby Winner Rich Strike (7-2) Leads 8-Horse Field; We The People Tabbed Favorite (June 7)
Ezra Shaw/Getty Images. Pictured: Kentucky Derby winner Rich Strike, with jockey Sonny Leon in the irons, at Churchill Downs.
Kentucky Derby longshot winner Rich Strike has been tabbed the third betting choice at 7-2 odds after Tuesday’s post-position draw for Saturday’s 154th running of the Belmont Stakes at Belmont Park in Elmont, N.Y.
We The People, who will be ridden by jockey Flavien Prat, was made the morning-line favorite at 2-1 odds for trainer Rodolphe Brisset. The son of Constitution, who has three wins in four lifetime starts, is coming off a stellar, 10 1/4-length win in the Grade 3 Peter Pan Stakes on May 14 at Belmont Park.
Other notable contenders with betting value: No. 4 Nest (8-1); No. 6 Mo Donegal (5-2); and, No. 8 Barber Road at 10-1 odds.
The Belmont, which is the third and final leg of horse racing’s Triple Crown, will feature eight of the top 3-year-old horses in the world going 1 1/2 miles on the massive dirt track. Post time for the race is set for 6:45 p.m. ET, with NBC providing the TV coverage starting at 5 p.m. ET for the featured race.
Earlier races on the highly anticipated Belmont Stakes Day card will air on Fox Sports 2 from 11:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. ET, then switch to CNBC from to 3-5 p.m. ET for more coverage. You can also stream the races on NBCSports.com, the NBC Sports app and Peacock Premium.
Rich Strike, the 3-year-old son of Keen Ice and ridden by jockey Sonny Leon, defeated 19 others to win the Derby. Rich Strike was on the Also Eligible list for the annual “Run for the Roses,” making the field just a day before the race when Ethereal Road was scratched.
Going off at 80-1 odds at post time, Rich Strike became the second-longest shot to win the race in its storied history. Donerail won the first leg of horse racing’s Triple Crown at +9145 odds (91.45-1) in the 1913 edition.
More recently, Mine That Bird took down the 2009 Derby at 50-1 odds, with a rail-skimming ride from jockey Calvin Borel. In 2005, longshot Giacomo (50-1) triumphed to finish just ahead of 70-1 longshot Closing Argument.
Action Network handicappers Jeremy Pond, Sean Zerillo and Mike Conti will be joined by TVG analyst Andie Biancone to provide in-depth coverage of the Belmont Stakes and other featured stakes races.
That said, let’s take a look at the eight-horse field and the current odds.
2022 Belmont Stakes Odds
|1||We The People||2-1|
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This site contains commercial content. We may be compensated for the links provided on this page. The content on this page is for informational purposes only. Action Network makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the information given or the outcome of any game or event.


(see also Multiprocessor)
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units (CPUs) within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor and/or the ability to allocate tasks between them. There are many variations on this basic theme, and the definition of multiprocessing can vary with context, mostly as a function of how CPUs are defined (multiple cores on one die, multiple dies in one package, multiple packages in one system unit, etc.).
Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of multiple concurrent software processes in a system as opposed to a single process at any one instant. However, the terms multitasking or multiprogramming are more appropriate to describe this concept, which is implemented mostly in software, whereas multiprocessing is more appropriate to describe the use of multiple hardware CPUs. A system can be both multiprocessing and multiprogramming, only one of the two, or neither of the two of them.
In a multiprocessing system, all CPUs may be equal, or some may be reserved for special purposes. A combination of hardware and operating-system software design considerations determine the symmetry (or lack thereof) in a given system. For example, hardware or software considerations may require that only one CPU respond to all hardware interrupts, whereas all other work in the system may be distributed equally among CPUs; or execution of kernel-mode code may be restricted to only one processor (either a specific processor, or only one processor at a time), whereas user-mode code may be executed in any combination of processors. Multiprocessing systems are often easier to design if such restrictions are imposed, but they tend to be less efficient than systems in which all CPUs are utilized.
Systems that treat all CPUs equally are called symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems. In systems where all CPUs are not equal, system resources may be divided in a number of ways, including asymmetric multiprocessing (ASMP), non-uniform memory access (NUMA) multiprocessing, and clustered multiprocessing.
Instruction and data streams
In multiprocessing, the processors can be used to execute a single sequence of instructions in multiple contexts (single-instruction, multiple-data or SIMD, often used in vector processing), multiple sequences of instructions in a single context (multiple-instruction, single-data or MISD, used for redundancy in fail-safe systems and sometimes applied to describe pipelined processors or hyper-threading), or multiple sequences of instructions in multiple contexts (multiple-instruction, multiple-data or MIMD).
Tightly-coupled multiprocessor systems contain multiple CPUs that are connected at the bus level. These CPUs may have access to a central shared memory (SMP or UMA), or may participate in a memory hierarchy with both local and shared memory (NUMA). The IBM p690 Regatta is an example of a high end SMP system. Intel Xeon processors dominated the multiprocessor market for business PCs and were the only x86 option until the release of AMD's Opteron range of processors in 2004. Both ranges of processors had their own onboard cache but provided access to shared memory; the Xeon processors via a common pipe and the Opteron processors via independent pathways to the system RAM.
Chip multiprocessors, also known as multi-core computing, involves more than one processor placed on a single chip and can be thought of the most extreme form of tightly-coupled multiprocessing. Mainframe systems with multiple processors are often tightly-coupled.
Loosely-coupled multiprocessor systems (often referred to as clusters) are based on multiple standalone single or dual processor commodity computers interconnected via a high speed communication system (Gigabit Ethernet is common). A Linux Beowulf cluster is an example of a loosely-coupled system.
Tightly-coupled systems perform better and are physically smaller than loosely-coupled systems, but have historically required greater initial investments and may depreciate rapidly; nodes in a loosely-coupled system are usually inexpensive commodity computers and can be recycled as independent machines upon retirement from the cluster.
Power consumption is also a consideration. Tightly-coupled systems tend to be much more energy efficient than clusters. This is because considerable economy can be realized by designing components to work together from the beginning in tightly-coupled systems, whereas loosely-coupled systems use components that were not necessarily intended specifically for use in such systems.
Software implementation issues
Flynn's taxonomy Single instruction Multiple instruction Single data SISD MISD Multiple data SIMD MIMD
In a single instruction stream, single data stream computer one processor sequentially processes instructions, each instruction processes one data item. One example is the "von Neumann" architecture with RISC.
In a single instruction stream, multiple data stream computer one processor handles a stream of instructions, each one of which can perform calculations in parallel on multiple data locations.
SIMD multiprocessing is well suited to parallel or vector processing, in which a very large set of data can be divided into parts that are individually subjected to identical but independent operations. A single instruction stream directs the operation of multiple processing units to perform the same manipulations simultaneously on potentially large amounts of data.
For certain types of computing applications, this type of architecture can produce enormous increases in performance, in terms of the elapsed time required to complete a given task. However, a drawback to this architecture is that a large part of the system falls idle when programs or system tasks are executed that cannot be divided into units that can be processed in parallel.
Additionally, programs must be carefully and specially written to take maximum advantage of the architecture, and often special optimizing compilers designed to produce code specifically for this environment must be used. Some compilers in this category provide special constructs or extensions to allow programmers to directly specify operations to be performed in parallel (e.g., DO FOR ALL statements in the version of FORTRAN used on the ILLIAC IV, which was a SIMD multiprocessing supercomputer).
MISD multiprocessing offers mainly the advantage of redundancy, since multiple processing units perform the same tasks on the same data, reducing the chances of incorrect results if one of the units fails. MISD architectures may involve comparisons between processing units to detect failures. Apart from the redundant and fail-safe character of this type of multiprocessing, it has few advantages, and it is very expensive. It does not improve performance. It can be implemented in a way that is transparent to software. It is used in array processors and is implemented in fault tolerant machines.
MIMD multiprocessing architecture is suitable for a wide variety of tasks in which completely independent and parallel execution of instructions touching different sets of data can be put to productive use. For this reason, and because it is easy to implement, MIMD predominates in multiprocessing.
Processing is divided into multiple threads, each with its own hardware processor state, within a single software-defined process or within multiple processes. Insofar as a system has multiple threads awaiting dispatch (either system or user threads), this architecture makes good use of hardware resources.
MIMD does raise issues of deadlock and resource contention, however, since threads may collide in their access to resources in an unpredictable way that is difficult to manage efficiently. MIMD requires special coding in the operating system of a computer but does not require application changes unless the programs themselves use multiple threads (MIMD is transparent to single-threaded programs under most operating systems, if the programs do not voluntarily relinquish control to the OS). Both system and user software may need to use software constructs such as semaphores (also called locks or gates) to prevent one thread from interfering with another if they should happen to cross paths in referencing the same data. This gating or locking process increases code complexity, lowers performance, and greatly increases the amount of testing required, although not usually enough to negate the advantages of multiprocessing.
Similar conflicts can arise at the hardware level between processors (cache contention and corruption, for example), and must usually be resolved in hardware, or with a combination of software and hardware (e.g., cache-clear instructions).
- Symmetric multiprocessing
- Symmetric multiprocessor
- Asymmetric multiprocessing
- Multi-core (computing)
- BMDFM - Binary Modular Dataflow Machine, a SMP MIMD Runtime Environment
- Software lockout
- OpenHMPP HPC Open Standard for Manycore Programming
Parallel computing General Levels Threads Theory Elements Coordination Programming Hardware APIs Problems Category · Commons
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.


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Talk about a perfect fit for a small investment. Could buy this for 150 million with spare change, I think it is coming. I bet FSLR is shorting to keep the price down until they figure out an asking price
Can someone explain the terms in laymens language please?. I do not understand how this particular financing is set up. Does a low stock price benefit the financier under this agreement? Or, is this just some large investors getting out?
Belcas, I try and take the emotions out of trading. I have learned when you use the word "hope" it is not a good sign. Always have an objective, 2 days, 2 months, 2 years, or price objective. Much of this will come with experience . Also, I only use "play" money for risky bets like asti. And fortunately my investment with asti is to humor me as I keep many long term investments in "real" companies. I like the asti story and I see 2 catalyst that could pop this stock, huge iphone 6 solar cases and asti announcing solar watchband for the Apple watch. If the watch band happened it could triple this stock overnight. Where it could go in the meantime, it does appear the stock is attempting to find a bottom, but you never know in this game until after the bottom is formed. Good luck to you.
Do you see it settling down close to its all time low or hovering around the dollar range? You are absolutely correct sometimes its best to play wall streets' game and be the contrarian especially with these type of stocks. I'm in not too far where it closed tonight so not feeling too badly. Was hoping that it would level off. Big trade before close we'll see what Monday brings. Happy Capitalism!!!
No logical explanation for this continuous decline especially after significant upgrades and price targets by the analysts.
this one great company to work for do nothing sell nothing hang around and get paid not for long something got to give maybe hire more advisors
We are poised for a healthy turnaround very shortly. The markets are bleeding heavily today and ASTI is collateral damage. I moved back in yesterday and expect the stock to reverse trends and return to the $150-$160 range in a week's time.
Sentiment: Strong Buy
All we need is patience. The product is good, management is new but hopefully versed with the nature of the biz, costs will be very competitive coming from new Chinese facilities supported and subsidized by Chinese Gov.
I'll be a seller next March 2016 for a nice spring break, hopefully by then $1=.85 Euro..KING DOLLAR...
hang on, we may see a little more drop, but it hard to time when someone big may take interest in this.
Don't eat a $2000+ loss just because you can't wait a few weeks/months... That being said, I can't *promise* you it'll go back up at any point, much less in the near-future. But companies as successful as ASTI don't generally trade like they're going out of business, you know?
I can not disagree, I have to think late last year many of the short float was controlled by MM and insiders knowing the price was going to fall to accommodate new investment by new executive employees (all got in at .55 to .57 cent) and other money managers. They could not keep stock below $1:00 long since that would jeopardize the NASDQ delisting rules, then they popped it by announcing a 300% sales increase and again trying to keep it down for new investment entries by those who know better.
I agree that in a few months this will certainly be over $2.50. I have relatively large position and will add if it ever falls below $1 again. GLTA
Can ASTI trend any lower; I would avoid it if I were you. I am playing Ultimate Stock Alerts (find them in Google search) instead
True but if you consider it hadn't been at $1.60 since November, then I figured it might take a few months get back to that price...
Before you make any decision about ASTI, be sure to read the new eBook from ExplosiveOTC, an incredible resource that details critical information about the markets. Simply enter the promo code ASTI when signing up for their incredible alerts.

domain: finance


text:
God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.
For with God nothing shall be impossible.
But the Lord is faithful, and he will strengthen you and protect you from the evil one.
But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.
Today is Friday

domain: literature


text:
gold wedding rings turkey
to produce and bags full of perfect spheres can be more intricate as the metal one for the rest of shapes, sizes and colors. Not all tungsten rings are scratch or tarnish as easily as multiple items afterwards. Kanika believes that Wedding Jewellery should be more and more stylish which is the precious wedding jewelry creations in the most unprecedented manners, thanks to the sophisticated and available in many different requirements We also have kept bythe bride. Puzzle rings, called a Gimmel, were popular engagement/wedding rings in the 15th century. Still later, King Edward VI in the 16th century ruled in favor of same sex weddings in its churches. If you want to get to make its appearance in dazzling and brilliant jewelry. Jewelry with a perfect fitting ring. ” And while it looks very handy and practical for learning this short article cautiously you both get what you need.

domain: design


Newly-crowned IBF/WBA junior welterweight beltholder Lamont Peterson says he doesn’t know the “Mystery Man” whose ringside presence has sparked controversy surrounding last month’s victory by Peterson over Amir Khan.
“We don’t even know the guy,” said Peterson’s publicist Andre Johnson. “The gentleman that they’re speaking of has no direct affiliation with us.”
WBA President Gilberto Mendoza has called for an immediate rematch between Peterson and Khan after having studied images of the unidentified man accused by Khan of interfering with the judges during his clash with Peterson on Dec. 10.
In the video, which can be viewed by clicking here, the man can be spotted wearing a blue hat as he appears to be distracting WBA supervisor Michael Welsh and other officials at ringside during the fight.
Golden Boy Promotions CEO, Richard Schaefer, who handles Khan, said that the man claimed to be an IBF official, adding that he saw the indivfidual “in the ring after the fight celebrating with the Petersons.”
“To speak to the issue of the guy congratulating Lamont in the ring, well, there were plenty of people congratulating Lamont in the ring,” said Johnson. “I mean, people stormed the ring after the fight was over. So if that’s the case, you know, then I guess that everybody was on our side. But to us, it’s really a non-issue.”
A source informed RingTV.com that the man is Mustafa Ameen, who once served as the business manager of former Olympic heavyweight hopeful Michael Hunter.
Citing poor officiating and scorecard descrepancies among his reasoning, Khan has appealed to the IBF and the WBA to overturn Peterson’s victory or else to order an immediate rematch. It is primarily due to the man’s behavior at ringside — caught on video — that Mendoza has called for a the return bout.
“This will be my personal opinion, but that would be the right decision at the moment,” Mendoza told Sky Sports in England concerning a potential for a rematch. “There were a lot of things that make this fight controversial.”
Mendoza is still waiting to hear from Scottie Irving, chairman of the Washington, D.C., Boxing and Wrestling Commission, for possible informatio on who the man is.
Irving spoke to RingTV.com on Saturday.
“We have no comment,” said Irving. “These things need to play themselves out, so the D.C. Boxing Commission has no comment.”
During an interview with RingTV.com within a few days of the fight, Irving addressed the notion of a scoring discrepancy on one of the official scorecards.
Irving also discussed the five-or-so minutes of time it took for the cards to be delivered to the ring for the verdict to be announced by Michael Buffer, as well as referee Joe Cooper’s fouling calls against Khan.
Peterson edged Khan, 113-112, on the cards of judges George Hill of New Jersey and Valerie Dorsett of North Carolina, and lost,115-110, on that of Nelson Vazquez of Puerto Rico.
Johnson said Peterson will continue to weigh his options, which include a career-high offer of $1 million by Schaefer for a rematch with Khan.
Peterson, who earned a career-best $650,000 to Khan’s $1.1 million in their first bout, is also being considered for a clash opposite WBO welterweight beltholder Manny Pacquiao, whose other options include WBC welterweight titleholder Floyd Mayweather Jr., WBA junior middleweight beltholder Miguel Cotto, WBO lightweight titleholder Juan Manuel Marquez, and WBO junior welterweight titleholder Tim Bradley.
“Basically, it’s a non-issue for us. What’s factual is that Lamont is the newly-crowned IBF and WBA junior welterweight champion of the world. Lamont plans on defending that like any other champion would. With respect to being the champion, there are certain priveleges and rights that come with that honor. One of those rights is to take the opportunity to decide your own path,” said Johnson.
“That means that you have the choice to choose who you want to fight. So, Lamont is going to take his time and make the right decision, and what is best for him and his family and the entire camp. Lamont’s decision on who he fights next won’t be influenced by innuendo or fairy tale-like stories. It’s going to be based on factual data, and not anything that takes away from the positive-ness of this entire experience.”
Photos by Naoki Fukuda
Lem Satterfield can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org


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Courtesy of Parade
Mandy Moore, whose new album, Wild Hope, is set to hit stores June 19, knows exactly whom to thank for her success. "I've always been self-motivating," Mandy, 23, says in the April 29 issue of Parade. "It's a testament to the way my parents raised me."
For more on Mandy and all your favorite stars, check out the latest issue of Life & Style, on newsstands now!

domain: celebrity


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Fire, Famine and Flood: An Environmental History of England, 1500-1800
Unit code : HIST31711
Credit rating : 20
Teaching period(s) : Semester 1
- To assess the complex, contingent, and independent roles of the environment and the non-human in history.
- To provide a broad understanding of early modern environmental changes in their historical context.
- To explore and analyse the historical relationships between society, culture, the economy and the environment.
- To challenge traditional understandings of the early modern period by approaching it through the young and rapidly growing historiography of environmental history.
- To explore beyond the disciplinary boundaries of history, borrowing methods and perspectives from across the humanities, social sciences, and environmental sciences.
By the end of this course students will be able to:
- Identify the key environmental changes that took place in England across the early modern period.
- Distinguish between the different ways early modern people perceived, valued and used the natural environment.
- Understand the relationships between economic, social, cultural and environmental changes from a historical perspective.
- Critically engage with claims made both about and with past environments, analysing them from social, cultural, political, economic and ecological perspectives.
- Identify and critique a broad range of environmental approaches to the past.
- Independently analyze and organize primary and secondary source material.
- Constructively contribute to large and small group discussions.
- Locate information from a variety of sources including books, journals, online databases, and online collections.
- Collaborate online with peers using cloud-based software, like Google Spreadsheets.
- Express themselves effectively and confidently in oral discussion, class debates and written assignments.
- Work in a team towards a common goal – presenting information with their peers, to their peers through a class presentation.
- Integrate unfamiliar subjects and methodologies with previous knowledge and understanding of the past.
- Evaluate the quality, significance, and reliability of information found in books, journals and online.
- Use primary sources and historiography to make and support arguments about the past.
Written assignment (inc essay):60%
Primary source analysis (2 sources) - 1500 words - 20%
Essay - 2500 words - 40%
Exam - 2 hours - 40%
English environments underwent fundamental transformations between 1500 and 1800: common land was enclosed, wetlands were drained, and animals were hunted with renewed vigour; the Little Ice Age, uneven population growth and closer national and international market integration shaped economic development; and new ways of conceiving of the environment emerged as the reformation and scientific revolution transformed early modern world-views. In this course, students will explore how climate, weather, plants and animals can be integrated into cultural, social, political and religious history, and how historical narratives can be reinterpreted and reoriented with an environmental perspective.
Making use of the multiple disciplinary perspectives that inform contemporary environmental history, this course will introduce students to a new way of approaching their subject. Students will be introduced to a variety of physical and cultural environmental contexts – from climatic changes to perceptual revolutions – as well as specific environmental issues, such as early modern ‘natural disasters’ and urban fire and smoke.
Supervised time in studio/wksp - 11 hours
The course will be taught through a weekly three-hour seminar, in which students will listen and respond to a presentation from their peers, work in small groups on a variety of reading and source-related tasks, contribute to a full-class discussion and/or debate, and receive a lecture. Outside of the weekly seminar, students will be required to read and respond to tutor-selected primary and secondary reading, with non-compulsory extension reading lists available to all students. Each week one group of students will be required to prepare a presentation outside of class, and another will be required to contribute to our collaborative online timeline of environmental change.
In class, small group work will focus on the discussion of particular concepts, readings and sources. Students will discuss their own ideas with their peers, and learn from those of others, giving them an opportunity to reflect on their own study practices, knowledge and understanding. Small group exercises will be fed back to the class as a whole.
Full class discussions will revolve around each week’s major themes and questions. Where appropriate, this will take the form of a manufactured debate in which students will be assigned positions, required to make a case, and respectfully and critically respond to arguments made by their peers.
Students will also have access to a dedicated additional office hour for this module in which they will be encouraged to meet individually with the tutor to discuss their ideas and progress on the course.
The course will make use of Blackboard. Required reading and reading lists will be made available on Blackboard. All assignments will be submitted through Blackboard and TurnItIn, with written feedback returned via Blackboard and oral feedback through optional tutor meetings.


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These words from the English (now living in America) poet David Whyte pretty much summed up my experience of this past week at a workshop with him and the Pegasus Conference.
I am still in the process of going over my notes and trying to re-capture and re-create the moments and experience in my own consciousness, so this is by no means my final impressions …
At the core of Theory U, which our community has spent significant amount of time and efforts in the past two years, is an attempt to get to the core of human existence or reality. Poetry has essentially the same aim using a different and complimentary language. Imagination plays a critical role here as the gaze of our minds and feelings extends beyond current and often chaotic experience. This is the essence of the creative emergence at the bottom of U, as in the moments of a caterpillar transforming into a butterfly.
The theme of this year’s Pegasus Conference is on critical skills for courageous organizations. In his opening key note, Peter Senge made it very clear: there are no courageous organizations but only courageous leaders. That’s why his key note was titled “Institutional Courage Starts with You”. It is fitting that the French origin of the word “courage” means “amount of heart”. Through the lenses of Theroy U, that is still a field 3 insight. It goes deeper into our Self identity, a field 4 phenomenon. Courage is simply a natural outcome of our identity shift at the bottom of U. Personally I feel that this is where David’s most important contributions lie. Theory U provides a brilliant analytical framework but lacks the practical means of exploring the richness at field 4. It led to many people mistaking field 3 or even field 1 experience as co-creation or collective intelligence. David articulated a highly practical yet profound architecture and pathways of three marriages in each of our lives: those with our Partner, Work and, above all, Self. There is holiness as well as debris in all three relationships. Work-life balance is too simplistic. We are NOT just balancing each other and ourselves out. The power and hope of our existence comes from discovering and co-creating the larger context of as well as living within these three relationships. Otherwise, we are being schizophrenic (it’s both humbling and reckoning to realize how pervasive this illness has spread among humanity, including ourselves!).
I am just beginning to read David’s book, The Three Marriages. Here are some precious and yet down-to-earth gems about these relationships:
Natural origins of the three marriages lie in “the three questions others ask us repeatedly through our lives, and the three questions we ask ourselves repeatedly in the mirror: When are you going to get married? When are you going to get a job? And, when, oh when, are you going to grow up?” It is entirely human that “most of us grow up during a marriage or a work-life or a sweeping self-examination, not before them.” Therefore, “the only question is whether you will respond, whether you will not turn away, whether you will turn towards it – whether, in effect, you will become a dedicated spirit.”
Why is it so hard and rare to become such a dedicated spirit? David reminds us that “you cannot enter any world for which you do not have the language.” That’s why we are so grateful to David for offering such a language through his works. I am sure that our community and interested friends will dedicate much time in the coming months on learning and practicing the language in our own three marriages. The payback of doing so and penalties of ignoring it is simply too enormous.


If a new media report is to be believed, Honda Motorcycles and Scooters India (HMSI) is gearing up to launch the 2017 version of the CBR 650F in India during the upcoming festive season. The 2017 CBR 650F is expected to receive a few visual updates over its predecessor.
Compared to the outgoing model, the 2017 Honda CBR 650F is expected to arrive with visual updates including new colour options and LED powered headlamps and tail lights. There is no official confirmation on these updates from HMSI as yet.
The 2017 Honda CBR 650F is expected to be powered by the same 649cc in-line four cylinder engine. This engine, in its current state of tune, produces 86.5 PS of power at 11,000 rpm and 62.9 Nm of torque at 8000 rpm. This engine comes paired to a six speed transmission.
A few other highlights of the Honda CBR 650F include 41mm telescopic forks at the front and a monoshock unit handling the suspension duties. Braking duties are taken care of by 320mm dual discs with 2 piston calipers at the front and a 240mm single disc with a single piston caliper at the rear. The 17 inch wheels come wrapped in 120/70 section and 180/55 section rubber at the front and rear respectively.
Source: Bike India


LAS VEGAS-Solar panels, insulated windows and energy-saving appliances all contribute to an energy efficient home. However, one of the most important factors in a sustainable home is often overlooked-its walls.
Attendees of this year's 2009 International Builders' Show® can see how different wall systems impact a home's energy efficiency and comfort by using a touch-screen computer system created by the Portland Cement Association (PCA).
The program, on display at the PCA booth (N2342), takes into account a house's size and geographic location to determine which construction material provides the lowest annual energy use. Users select a house type, concrete wall system, and area of the country. A results screen shows typical savings in electrical and natural gas, and also provides heating and cooling requirements.
"The materials used to construct the exterior walls of a home have a significant impact on the cost of heating and cooling it," says Brian McCarthy, PCA president and CEO. "For example, concrete's thermal mass absorbs heat during the day and releases it slowly at night when it is needed more, creating a comfortable home without extended use of the furnace."
The touch screen system reviews five house designs from 2,000 to 2,400 square feet in eight U.S. cities. It allows users to compare 11 different wall systems such as insulating concrete forms, wood frame with appropriate insulation, concrete masonry, autoclaved aerated concrete, or cast-in-place concrete walls. With this information, the program estimates the annual cost for heating and cooling the home.
Using data from a study sponsored by PCA and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the touch screen system was part of the National Building Museum's "Green House: New Directions in Sustainable Architecture and Design" exhibition.
Based in Skokie, Ill., the Portland Cement Association represents cement companies in the United States and Canada. It conducts market development, engineering, research, education, and public affairs programs. More information on PCA programs is available at www.cement.org.


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Norway's Midnight Sun Marathon. The world's northernmost marathon attracts runners from over 50 nations who compete at night, but in broad daylight – courtesy of the midnight sun, which doesn't set in this part of Arctic Norway from mid-May to mid-July. The marathon itself is the main event, but there is also a half-marathon, a 10-kilometer race, a 4.2-kilometer fun-run, and a children's race.
White Nights Festival, Russia Date: May 27 - August 2 This international arts festival is celebrated during the season of the midnight sun in the city of St. Petersburg. The festivities include classic ballet, opera and music events — featuring both Russian and international artists. The Scarlet Sails celebration is the most famous public event of the festival owing to its spectacular fireworks show.
1. Finland dropped significantly —11 places — since the last report, but as the safest country in the world it’s still got an edge. With tourist attractions including the Northern Lights, the Midnight Sun Film Festival in Sodankylä, Lapland (if the sun stays up all night, you might as well, too) and the distinguished honor of most saunas per capita, it’s a terrific place to spend a holiday.
Mariinsky Theater, St. Petersburg, Russia * St. Petersburg is Russia's capital of the arts, and its center is the Mariinsky Theater, open since 1860 and where many of the masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov originally premiered. Visit between late May and mid-July for the prestigious Stars of the White Nights Festival, the annual musical celebration of the summer solstice's midnight sun.