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Get 15% off - Dogpound Hydration Supplements with discount code SMASHCITY.
Better than Liquid IV or Pedialyte.
Export 10 ingredients for grocery delivery
Position an oven rack in the top third of the oven and preheat to 450 degrees F. Lightly grease a third of an 18-by-13-inch sheet pan with butter.
Toss the shrimp with the melted butter, 1 teaspoon thyme, a third of the minced garlic, 1/2 teaspoon salt and a few grinds of pepper in a medium bowl until well coated; set aside.
Mix the Parmesan, 1/3 cup heavy cream, remaining 1 teaspoon thyme, half the remaining garlic, 1/2 teaspoon salt and a few grinds of pepper in a small bowl.
Arrange half of the potato slices in a single, overlapping layer on the buttered part of the sheet pan and pour the heavy cream mixture over the top. Top with the remaining potato slices. Cover the potatoes with foil and bake until tender when pierced with a fork, 15 to 17 minutes.
Whisk together the cream cheese, remaining 1/3 cup heavy cream, remaining garlic and 1/4 teaspoon salt in a medium bowl until smooth. Fold in the spinach until well coated. Divide the mixture between two 4-inch ramekins and press the spinach down so that it is flat and the cream mixture is pooling a bit on top.
Remove the pan from the oven, remove the foil and sprinkle the potatoes with the Gruyere. Put the steaks down the middle of the pan and sprinkle generously with salt and pepper. Put the ramekins on one end of the empty third of the pan so that they are side by side.
Bake until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the middle of the steak registers 95 degrees F, 12 to 14 minutes. Remove the pan from the oven and turn on the broiler. Create 2 hearts with the shrimp on the pan beside the ramekins by connecting the tails. Broil until the steaks start to turn brown in some spots, an instant-read thermometer inserted into the middle of the steak reaches 125 degrees F (for medium-rare), the shrimp are opaque and the cheese on the potatoes turns golden and starts to crisp, 3 to 4 minutes. Let rest 5 to 10 minutes. Slice and serve the steak on plates alongside the shrimp, potatoes and creamed spinach.

domain: food


Spain: a government backed by separatists?
There are growing signs that a coalition between the Socialists and the left-wing party Podemos will be able to form a government majority with the backing of the Catalan separatist party ERC. However, in exchange for its support ERC is demanding a signal that the government will obey the ruling from Luxembourg. Some commentators are relieved while others see this as betrayal.
A betrayal of the Kingdom of Spain
Spain must neither allow itself to be blackmailed by separatists nor bow down before the EU, El Mundo writes, incensed:
“Instead of ducking out of the challenges posed by separatism as a state, Sánchez should take the necessary measures to represent Spain's interests more strongly before the EU institutions and courts. ... No one in Europe understands how the politicians whom the Kingdom of Spain has accused of being putschists for the past two years can suddenly become partners in the government and blackmail the public prosecutor's office in the process. This is not about political concessions but about betraying the nation.”
Please just get on with governing!
El Periódico de Catalunya hopes a viable government will now take office:
“The signs are favourable for a pact with the Socialists, even if it can't be ruled out that in the end the negotiations will stall again. That would be bad news because Spain needs a government made up of a coalition between the Socialists and Unidas Podemos that gets to work as soon as possible and finds a solution to urgent problems and also a way out of the Catalan conflict.”


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I am Little Dino. I am beautifully handmade by Cuddlies by TAPA from premium cotton yarn and fiber fill. My eyes are embroidered, therefore, I am totally safe for babies. I cannot wait to share beautiful memories with you.
Pink - 10cm tall and 20cm long
Blue - 15cm tall and 25cm long
Green - 18cm tall and 15cm long
Care instruction: Hand wash with warm water or gentle wash in the washing machine. Dry in shade. Do not tumble dry. Do not iron. Do not dry clean.

domain: artistic


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|Black & white - Print silver gelatin
Harvey, William Wyatt
First World War, 1914-1918
Item copyright: Copyright expired - public domain
This item is in the Public Domain
"3rd Pioneer Bn graves at Kandahar Cemetery. The Dressing Station was in the building. The trees ...
"3rd Pioneer Bn graves at Kandahar Cemetery. The Dressing Station was in the building. The trees are on the road." 'Our graves are those with oval plates. Had many a cup of hot cocoa at this station about 3am. It is situated on the road from Neuve Eglise in Belgium.' (One of a collection of photographs belonging to Lieutenant (Lt) Robert Trevor Williams and taken by Lt William Wyatt Harvey during a battlefield tour of France and Belgium, January 1919, by officers of the 3rd Pioneer Battalion. The original caption quoted in double inverted commas is by Lt Harvey. The original caption quoted in single inverted commas is by Lt Williams.)

domain: history


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The new PRR jersey distinguishes itself from the traditional lines for a vanguard in the use of innovative and technical fabrics to achiveve a sophisticated and tailored garment. This jersey is created for the competition and to have a small bulk, all the unnecessary creases and excess material were eliminated to achieve this result. Technical specifications:
|SIZES||XS / 1°
|S / 2°
|M / 3°
|L / 4°
|XL / 5°
|2XL / 6°
|E||LEG TO ANKLE (cm)||66||68||70||72||74||76|
“Please note our garments run on the smaller side so if you are right on the border or between sizes, please order at least one size up”.
Each model was designed to fit differently to take advantage of the inherent characteristics of the materials used. Your size may also vary according to your personal preferences.

domain: design


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Russia is planning to establish 12 new military bases and units in the western part of the country by the end of the year in response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) eastward expansion toward Russia.
On Friday, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu announced “12 military units and subunits will be formed in the Western Military District by the end of the year,” the state-run TASS news agency reported. Shoigu said the new units are forming as “tensions continue to mount in the area of responsibility of the Western Military District” where Russian forces are engaged in the ongoing invasion of Ukraine.
Shoigu also said Russia will also bolster its western military forces with more than 2,000 pieces of new military equipment.
The military expansion in Russia’s west comes after NATO dispatched thousands of troops to member nations located on the eastern edge of the alliance as Russian forces invaded Ukraine.
Shoigu said the move to bolster Russia’s Western Military District comes as Finland and Sweden await consideration for their applications to join NATO.
Finland’s eastern border runs for 830 miles along the northwestern edge of Russia. By allowing Finland into the alliance, NATO would more than double the length of the alliance border region that runs along Russia’s borders.
Russia has repeatedly warned against NATO allowing Finland and Sweden into the alliance.
In April, former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who now serves as the deputy chairman of Russia’s Security Council, threatened that Russia would deploy more nuclear weapons near the Baltic region if Finland and Sweden join NATO.
U.S. President Joe Biden has expressed his support for Finland and Sweden to be accepted into NATO.
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has opposed Finland and Sweden entering NATO. Turkey maintains a complicated relationship with Russia as well as NATO. Turkey and Russia have regional partnerships, especially in the area around Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Turkey has also partnered with Ukraine and has sent the eastern European country key military aid, such as the Bayraktar TB2 combat drone. Turkey has also offered to mediate peace talks between Ukraine and Russia.
In addition to its complicated relations with Russia, Turkey has also criticized Sweden and Finland for their support for the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a Kurdish militia force in eastern Syria and western Iraq that Turkey considers a terrorist organization.
It remains to be seen if Russia will continue its military buildup along its western borders if NATO rejects Finland and Sweden’s membership bids.

domain: news


Elite Daily: What’s the song playing during Trish’s proposal on Jessica Jones?
Elite Daily wrote a great article about Paul’s performance in Marvel’s Jessica Jones. Read what they had to say about him:
There are not that many sweet and precious moments in a show like Jessica Jones, but the new season does include one. In the fifth episode of Season 2, Jessica’s bestie Trish Walker gets surprised by a wedding proposal, and it is one of the only truly romantic scenes that fans have seen in the superhero noir drama. One of the main reasons that the proposal was so beautiful and tender was the song that was playing. You might be wondering what the song playing during Trish’s proposal on Jessica Jones was.
The romantic setting was completed by actual singer-songwriter Paul Freeman, who sang his new song Closer Still. Paul Freeman is a Welsh singer-songwriter who has been releasing acoustic folk-pop songs since his first EP You and I came out in 2008. “Closer Still” is his latest release, and it is clearly the perfect romantic song to score any proposal. Freeman released “Closer Still” on the same day that Jessica Jones Season 2 premiered on Netflix, on Thursday, March 8. Freeman himself actually appears on screen during Trish’s proposal scene to perform his new song.
Click here to read to full article.


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Accounting students at Howard Community College in Columbia are offering free tax filing services for community members and students.
Certified student volunteers with the IRS Volunteer Income Tax Assistance Program are available to prepare and file tax returns for those with annual incomes under $51,000. The program is being offered on campus every Wednesday and Thursday, 10 a.m. – 12 p.m. through April 11, in Duncan Hall. The site will be closed April 3-4.
VITA student volunteers are also available to answer questions about the Facilitated Self-Assistance program for those with an annual income of less than $57,000.
To make an appointment, call 443-518-4958, or sign up online at signupgenius.com/go-vita.


Protect your Champion generator from the elements with a secure fitting generator cover.
- Durable, water resistant vinyl with an elastic band
- Covers will protect your generator in style
- Fits generators up to 25 in. X 23.6 in. X 20.3 in.
- 90 day manufacturer warranty
Protect your Champion generator from the elements with a secure fitting generator cover. Made from durable, water resistant vinyl with an elastic band, these covers will protect your generator in style. Fits generators up to 28.7 in. x 22.8 in. x 23.6 in.
- Fits generators up to 28.7 in. x 22.8 in. x 23.6 in
- Made from durable, water-resistant vinyl
- Elastic band for a secure fit
- Lightweight cover for easy coverage and travel
- Specifically designed for Champion generators to provide a custom fit
- Click on the “More Info” tab to download the specifications pdf to view the wattage requirement guide
- 90 day manufacturer warranty
For use with the Maxline 3/4" Compressed Air Piping System. Features a rear port for in-wall piping and a top por for on-wall piping. Made of anodized aluminum. Compatible with most compressor oils. The 1/2" female NPT outlet port accepts a quick connector (not included).
- D81010 Aluminum Block - measures 3.5" H x 3" W x 2" D
- 50120 Drain Valve
- 50136 Brass Plug
- M8005 3/4" Tubing Adaptor
This outstanding spray gun delivers professional results on automotive and industrial finishes! The all-metal construction and reinforced base keeps the contents compact and tight as you spray! Features include an adjustable pattern and material control to make you get total control and an even coat, making this a great spray gun to paint cars, trucks and other industrial machines.
- Nozzle Size: 1.8 mm
- Fluid Delivery: 160-240 mL/min
- Average Air Consumption: 7-8 CFM at 50 PSI
- Air Inlet: 1/4"
This angle grinder is ideal for cutting and shaping your metal work pieces quickly and efficiently. A contoured throttle lever provides superior control for applications from feather edging to full speed grinding. This ANSI certified angle grinder is a great metal working tool for the do-it-yourselfer and professional alike. This grinder offers a 90 degree angle, with a front exhaust and 3/8" spindle.Learn More
- Perfect for keeping your tractor and farm equipment lubricated and running smoothly
- Use on mowers, bush hogs, hay equipment and other tools you use on the farm
- Easy one handed use, compared to other grease guns that require both hands
- Dispenses from a standard 14 oz. grease cartridge or bulk grease
- Use with almost any type of air compressor
The Sportsman Series Large Waterproof Generator Cover is the best way to protect your valuable investment. This Generator Cover won't stretch and shrink in hot or cold temperatures and helps keep rain, dust, and dirt off the generator while not in use. Protects from moisture, dust, UV rays, weather, and more.Learn More
The Generator Cover is constructed of 600D polyester with a PVC coating and fitted with an elastic cord drawstring around the bottom to keep your generator dry and protected. Intended for use with 15,000 watt generators less than 37 L x 25 D x 27.5 H inches.
Comes with 3/8″ male QC plug & male screw-type adapters. Use with 2,000-4,000 PSI Pressure Washers.
Flag Tag#: SG-750XU-FT
Max Pressure: 5,000 PSI
Max Temperature: 210(deg) F
Max Flow: 10.5 GPM
Outlet: M22 Screw-Type Socket
Inlet: 3/8″ FNPTLearn More
The Classic Accessories Presure Washer Cover fits both vertical or horizontal pressure washers. The cover protects pressure washers against rust, dust and sun damage.
Weather-X™ fabric with water‑resistant backing for extra weather and abrasion protection
Fast protection when storing at home or on the job
Protects against UV damage, rain, dirt, birds and tree sap
Elastic shock cord in bottom hem for a quick, custom fit
Covers attached hose reels
Click-it closure on back makes installation and removal a snap
Integrated storage bag
1 Year Manufacturer Warranty
- 48 inches long
- 18.5 inches wide
- 13.5 inches high
- Quick connect nozzles kits have a 0(deg), 15(deg), 40(deg) & Soaper Nozzle.
- Fits most pressure washers with a 1/4″ quick connect inlet.
- Comes with nozzle clip and nozzle holder.
- Comes with retail packaging.


TDPRO 48V 1800W Electric Bicycle Brushless Speed Motor ...
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48 Volt 500 Watt 48V 500W Electric Scooter Speed Controller Designed for 48 Volt DC electric scooter and bike motors up to 500 Watts. Maximum current 20 Amps.Basic Care and Trouble Shooting of a LiFePO4 E bike Battery
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Remi Lake Holiday Bay in Moonbeam is a nature lover’s paradise! Located near Kapuskasing, just off of Highway 11, our 75-acre campground provides managed forest, seasonal, overnight and weekly camp site and cabin rentals for individuals and families with trailers, RVs and tents. Our park offers boat launching, hiking, fishing, wildlife viewing and more to help you sit back, relax and escape to the great outdoors of Northern Ontario.
There’s a reason Ontario is known throughout the world as a sportsman’s paradise. Our campground on Remi Lake provides the opportunity to fish for great walleyes, northern pikes, smallmouth bass and more. No matter if you are baitcasting or fly fishing, there is ample space for you to go to find the catch of the day. Great fishing spots can be found all around the lake, and you can even fish right off of the public docks in front of our campground. Be sure to snap a photo of your fish to prove to your friends just how big it was!
We provide complimentary boat launching services to get you out on the water quickly. For the boating enthusiast, Remi Lake is perfect for canoeing, water skiing, wakeboarding and much more.
The breathtaking landscape of Remi Lake Holiday Bay provides a great atmosphere to kick your smoking habit. Distract yourself with the stunning natural beauty of Remi Lake while participating in a physician-led smoking cessation boot camp. Pending physician availability, all smoking cessation sessions – by appointment only - are free with a minimum five-day stay on our campground and a valid Ontario health card.
Ready for an unforgettable escape to the great outdoors of Northern Ontario? Give us a call today to make a reservation!
Join us at Remi Lake Holiday Bay for the Kapuskasing Lumberjack Heritage Festival on July 22-24, 2016! Celebrate lumberjack traditions with a wide range of activities for the whole family including professional and amateur tree chopping competitions, log rolling, tree climbing, wood carving, music, food and much more!

domain: travel


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Easily carry this non-folding custom umbrella anywhere via the matching sling strap that can be worn over the shoulder.
A super soft and smooth promotional mouse pad with a gel wristpad and solid polyester fabric that won't reflect optical mouse lights.
Keep your personal items insight at all times with these customized backpacks made of PVC material.
Classic cinch design of this promotional drawstring backpack makes it a perfect back to school giveaway or sporting event gift.
This promotional drawstring bag is not only very popular but also inexpensive and comes in 6 colors!
These custom backpacks take the laid back fashion style of the Pacific Northwest and combine it with the Cutter & Buck brand to create a stylish computer backpack.
These promotional products from ePromos are ready to ship in 24 hours. Rush promotional items for a last minute event or if you're other supplier fell through.


The Bank of Japan’s policy-setting panel kept its ultraeasy monetary stance unchanged Friday to help sustain the country’s strongest economic recovery in a decade.
“Our assessment that the economy is continuing to recover is endorsed by economic indexes released since the last meeting (on June 15), including those of capital investment and personal spending,” BOJ Gov. Toshihiko Fukui told a news conference.
He said the Policy Board confirmed that it will maintain the so-called quantitative credit-easing policy until the nation’s consumer price index rises steadily above zero percent.
After a two-day meeting, the board agreed to continuously inject liquidity into the financial system to shore up the recovery trend, which is the strongest since an economic boom in the late 1980s.
The nine-member board decided unanimously to keep its target for the outstanding balance of banks’ deposits at the BOJ to a range between 30 trillion yen and 35 trillion yen.
If the market faces any risk of instability, the BOJ would pump greater liquidity into the financial system than the target, the central bank said.
Asked about the recent rises in long-term interest rates, Fukui said the BOJ will continue to watch them cautiously, despite speculation that the central bank might start to tighten its monetary grip.
The yield on the key 10-year Japanese government bonds hit 1.91 percent Thursday.
Behind the BOJ’s decision to maintain its monetary policy stance was the release of the consumer price index Friday. The index was down 0.3 percent in May from a year earlier.
In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.
By subscribing, you can help us get the story right.


Siegen, Germany is the homebase of death metal powerhouse Dr. Death, a band that is started in the early ‘90s. After having had released two longplayers the band disbanded and what seemed to be a final decision faces a revision these days.
After more than two decades the death metal enthusiasts are back with an album that comes out of left field. ‘Reincarnation’ is the third longplayer and includes nine songs, penned by the quartet. I have to admit, that I missed the band in the ‘90s. The more I was curious to listen to ‘Reincarnation’, a title that seems to be well-chosen.
After dropping the needle it’s the mighty ‘What Shall We Report’ that crawls out of the speakers and what I can report is that we are facing a massive riff monster, being a good entry point for the album. The song opens the gates to the musical abyss with deadly growls and brutal guitars that find a continuation with ‘Morbus Memoriam’. These songs are metal grinder from the underground, raw and with edges.
The start is a good one and what is even better is the Motörhead-ish ‘Episode of Drowning’ with a riff, reminding of ‘Orgasmatron’. Rock’n’Roll meets death metal. What impresses is the variation, the album offers. There is the savage ‘Burn Down the Holy Cross’, a song without compromises. Furthermore, there is ‘Flesh Consumed’ with some thrash metal references before ‘Sun Slayer’ has the potential to cover the sun with eternal darkness and ignites the hellfire instead. Doom blends with death metal, that is the main pattern of ‘Reincarnation’ and what is well done from a songwriting perspective would have deserved a bit of a better sound. Sometimes coming across a bit muddy, the album could have unveiled more of the embedded malevolence by a less oldschool inspired sound. In a way it fits but also feels like missed opportunity.
However, ‘Reincarnation’ is a strong and heavy record that presents the roots of doom-based death metal. This musical wrecking ball is a worth to be listened to, an album when doom, melody, and evil unites to an interesting total.
- What Shall We Report
- Morbus Memoriam
- Episode of Drowning
- Blood For the Rotten
- Burn Down the Holy Cross
- My Cold Grave
- Flesh Consumed
- Sun Slayer
- Messiah of Death
Label: Idiots Records
Genre: Death Metal
Release Date EU: October 30st, 2021 (Vinyl scheduled for February 2022)
AFM Records Alternative Metal Alternative Rock Black Metal CD Review Century Media Classic Rock Dark Metal Death Metal Doom Metal Extreme Metal Festival Frontiers Music Hardcore Hard Rock Hardrock Heavy Metal Inside Out Music Live Live Album Live Report Melodic Death Metal Melodic Metal Melodic Power Metal Melodic Rock Metal Metal Blade MHMB Modern Metal News Nuclear Blast NWoBHM On Tour Power Metal Prog Metal Prog Rock Punk Rock Season Of Mist Speed Metal Symphonic Metal Thrash Metal Tour Tour Dates US Metal


Who doesn’t love a Top 10 list? David Letterman has built a career on them. There are a lot of different ways to measure who the biggest drillers are in Pennsylvania–the Top 10 drillers. Recently, the Pittsburgh Business Times took a fresh stab at it. They counted how many shale gas wells have been permitted for drilling companies. It doesn’t mean the wells have been drilled yet, but you don’t spend big bucks on a permit to not drill. We can safely assume if it’s permitted, it either has been or soon will be drilled.
So who are the Top 10? The names of the drillers in the list may not surprise you, but we bet the number of permitted wells they have and their order in the list may surprise you… Continue reading
Saturday in New York’s Southern Tier and Pennsylvania’s Northern Tier (the border between Broome County, NY and Susquehanna County, PA) was OK weather-wise. It was a bit overcast and threatened rain, which is likely what kept the crowds a bit lower at this year’s Cabot Oil & Gas annual picnic in Susquehanna County, PA. (UPDATE: They actually broke the record! See update below.) Still, from what MDN editor Jim Willis saw, it was a packed house with long lines for free hamburgers and hot dogs, free games with prizes, and lots of equipment to see and touch (see pictures below).
Equal parts county fair, picnic, carnival and trade show, each year Cabot sponsors a “community picnic” in Susquehanna County–the only county in Pennsylvania where Cabot drills for Marcellus Shale gas… Continue reading
Range Resources was the first driller to tap the Marcellus Shale–back in 2004. Although Range is headquartered in Texas and although they have actively drilled there for years, Range is so in love with the Marcellus they’ve sold off all remaining Barnett Shale acreage they owned and they are now almost totally focused on drilling in the Marcellus Shale. It’s been a smart move for Range’s bottom line… Continue reading
Last November, MDN told you about a new landowner group in Lordstown, OH that had formed to negotiate with Halcon Resources who had recently purchased 20-50 year-old leases in the area, hoping to drill Utica wells on those properties (see Halcon Resources Responds to Lordstown, OH Landowners Group). The landowners, of course, want to renegotiate the leases to allow Utica drilling with updated safeguards and protections–horizontal drilling was not envisioned when the original leases were signed all those years ago. Halcon is willing to grant them an increase in royalty payments, but essentially told the landowners to sign the revised lease they were circulating or risk not getting a dime. The tone was very much take it or leave it.
MDN has no word on the status of those talks, but we do notice two things: Halcon has, since last November, applied for and received four Utica Shale drilling permits in Trumbull County; and, Halcon is planning to build a $70 million oil storage and rail-loading terminal in Lordstown… Continue reading
The single largest company in India is Reliance Industries Limited (RIL). A few years ago, RIL invested in three U.S. shale joint ventures (see India’s RIL: Shale Gas a Major Contributor to Revenue by 2015 for background). RIL has invested $5.7 billion in the jv’s to date–a massive investment. Word has just come out that they plan to double that investment in the next three years–to a whopping $10.8 billion.
Two of the three jv’s, and most of the investment, will be in the Marcellus Shale. RIL says by the time the project is done, they will have drilled 3,846 shale wells in the US… Continue reading
Last February, the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District (MWCD) signed a lease with Antero Resources to lease 6,700 acres under and around Seneca Lake. The MWCD got a $40.3 million signing bonus, plus 20% royalties (see Muskingum Watershed District Signs with Antero for $40.3M Bonus). Last week, the MWCD voted to sell up to 138 million gallons of water from Seneca Lake to Antero so they can use it in their drilling and fracking operations, making another potential $828,000.
We’ll lease you the land and sell you the water to drill it too. Cool… Continue reading
The following full-throated, pro-drilling op-ed is noteworthy for two reasons. First, it was written by a former Bloomberg reporter, Kelly Riddell (who knew there was even a single pro-drilling person on staff at Bloomberg!). Second, it appeared in the usually anti-drilling Albany Times Union. One pro-drilling article per 50 or so anti-drilling articles is what passes for fair and balanced in the TU.
Hopefully Gov. Andy will tear himself away from paddling canoes and handing out flood relief money to read it. Riddell’s column is well worth your time to read, especially if you live in the Empire State… Continue reading
Last week MDN brought you the really important news that preliminary results from a federal study of fracking shows…proves…fracking fluid with chemicals does not magically migrate uphill through a mile of solid rock to the surface to contaminate water (see Breaking: Obama DOE Says Study Shows Fracking Fluids Don’t Migrate). In over 50,000 horizontally fracked wells and over 2 million conventionally fracked wells, it’s never been observed. No scientific studies have ever been able to prove it (much as they’ve tried).
Now we have a study that incontrovertibly proves it doesn’t happen. So what does one Duke University anti-drilling professor with a degree in biology (not geology) say? This study don’t prove nothin’… Continue reading


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If you are like me, while I my own many different designer handbags, I still think it is a pain to switch them out everyday. Here are my all time favorite handbags that will go with pretty much anything, and are perfect for everyday:
2. YSL Downtown Bag – The Yves Saint Laurent Downtown Tote is a staple designer handbag for the fashionista that loves a large handbag. This roomy tote is perfect to take to work as it’s large enough to carry your laptop and a few other essentials but isn’t so large that you can’t carry it every day. If you have never carried a Downtown Tote it will quickly become a well-loved favorite! Available for $1250.00 at queenbeeofbeverlyhills.com.
3. Guccissima Gucci Leather Hobo – Every fashionable woman needs a fabulous black shoulder bag. The Gucci Holiday Collection brings you a classic and stylish option. Crafted in black guccissima leather with a single black leather shoulder strap and light gold-tone hardware. This roomy designer handbag is perfect for work or play. Available for $895.00 at queenbeeofbeverlyhills.com.


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medwireNews: Children receiving continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) achieve better long-term glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than those relying on multiple daily injections, shows a registry study.
After an initial fall, HbA1c increased over time in both groups but, at all ages, it remained lower among pump-treated patients than those using multiple injections, report Birthe Olsen (Herlev University Hospital, Denmark) and study co-authors in Pediatric Diabetes.
The researchers acknowledge that a registry study is an open and uncontrolled design. “However, it demonstrates the efficacy and safety of CSII in a large population under real-life conditions”, they say, and contradicts previous studies that failed to show a sustained benefit.
The study included 3339 patients with Type I diabetes who were followed up for an average of 5.11 years, during which time 1493 patients switched from multiple injections to CSII.
Overall, HbA1c levels rose with age; levels relative to those above age 15 years were 4.31 mmol/mol lower at age 0 to 5 years but just 2.69 mmol/mol lower at age 10 to 15 years. Nonetheless, the average level remained a significant 5.29 mmol/mol higher in patients receiving injections than those who switched to a pump for all age groups.
Among patients using pumps, the association between HbA1c and age disappeared after adjusting for diabetes duration and age at onset.
After accounting for confounders, a lower HbA1c level at pump initiation was associated with a lower level during follow-up, as was a more recent age at onset and treatment at a centre with more than 100 CSII patients.
A higher number of self-monitoring of blood glucose measurements was also independently associated with a lower HbA1c level. During follow-up, many patients receiving injections who were taking two daily doses of premixed insulin switched to a basal/bolus insulin regimen. Among these patients, a higher number of daily insulin boluses and a higher percentage of insulin taken as bolus were also independently associated with a lower HbA1c level.
However, the researchers note that there were no further improvements above five daily boluses and 45 weekly glucose measurements. And they also note: “As might be expected, compliant patients seem to obtain the best metabolic control.”
By Eleanor McDermid, Senior medwireNews Reporter
Pediatr Diabetes 2014; Advance online publication

domain: literature


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Eggs, nature’s original pre-packaged fast food, are chock full of vitamins and minerals, proteins, and healthy fats. They’ve gotten a bad rap from the whole low fat/cholesterol is bad phase we’ve been going through for decades now. We’ve taken the yolks out and re-packaged them in paper cartons, but what has that really done for us?
Have the egg white omelets and egg substitutes helped in the fight against obesity, diabetes, strokes, or heart attacks? Has feeding our children egg whites instead of whole eggs helped to decrease the rate of childhood obesity?
With more and more information coming out about saturated fat and cholesterol, we see that maybe messing around with Nature’s perfect food is just silly. Could it be that manufacturers of processed foods are the only ones really benefiting off of egg substitutes?
I’ve not always been a fan of eggs. As a child I didn’t really like eggs, and it didn’t really go away until a couple of years ago. My biggest problem with eggs was the after-taste. I would always get the egg burps. I guess it’s similar to the fish burps people sometimes get from taking a fish oil capsule. It didn’t make a difference if I ate the whites, the yolks, the “may be eggs” one gets at the drive-thru.
I also had a problem with eating the eggs of our chickens. I know these chickens, having helped raise them up from eggs themselves, I felt a sort of cannibalistic guilt each time I cracked one open. It’s sort of funny looking back at how I would feed my family chicken eggs while sneaking my own eggs out of a carton.
I had never really thought about the whole hen/rooster thing. See, our mama hens are the only ones kept with a rooster, their eggs are the next generation. When I thought about it, I realized that no matter how long lady bird sits on her eggs, they aren’t going to hatch. Eventually she’ll come off the nest and start the process all over again. I guess that’s about the time I decided I was just being childish about eggs.
A really cool thing happened when I started eating the eggs our hens had so generously provided. The egg burps stopped. Why? I don’t have a clue. Maybe it’s because our chickens eat a natural diet of grass, wild strawberries, leftovers, chicken feed, and bugs? They aren’t all locked up on top of a conveyor belt getting antibiotics, steroids, and whatever else a chicken needs to survive in cramped space with no sunlight.
These ladies live a happy life. They are free to come and go from the chicken yard as they please. They get plenty of exercise, flying back to their safe haven when the neighbor’s dogs come out to play.
While the biggest benefit of keeping chickens is knowing what your eggs are made of, there are other benefits also. Gathering eggs gets one outdoors. Gathering eggs can also be an adventure because free range chickens tend to have mobile nests. If for what ever reason you can’t let your chickens roam, cleaning out pens is a pretty good, although stinky, workout.
While chickens are nothing like falcons as far as distance and grace, they can fly. A fence is no barrier for keeping chickens where you want them. If you have a lot of space and a good dog, let them roam, if you take good care of them, they usually come home to roost each evening.
If roaming is not an option, build a coop with a roof, also a “yard” area that is fenced around your coop so they can get outdoors with the sunlight and bugs. (make sure to use some type of mesh or chicken wire to enclose the top of the “yard” if you don’t want them flying about)
If at all possible, start with young chicks so that they have time to get to know you. Chickens can be quite nervous in a new atmosphere.
I like to talk to them while gathering eggs. I learned early that those hens can tell if I’m nervous about getting the eggs. Bloody knuckles taught me to 1. wear gloves and 2. tell Lady Bird what I’m gonna do before just sticking my hand beneath her and taking her hard work.
Don’t let the bloody knuckles scare you off, all chickens aren’t peckers, especially if they know you and you keep a routine. Since we started gathering eggs in the mornings instead of random times, the ladies have learned to just go eat them a nice buggy breakfast while we’re gathering.
I leave you today with a picture of some of our happy chickens. Lady Bird is kinda to the right of the middle. The young chickens with her are not her babies, but she hatched them. She has never been penned, never hatched her own eggs, but she is still the best mama. She taught those babies how to chase bugs, the wonders of wild strawberries and yes, how to fly back over the fence when the dogs come out.


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University of British Columbia
ajsecord at cs dot ubc dot ca
The traditional artistic technique of stippling places small dots of ink onto paper such that their density give the impression of tone. The artist tightly controls the relative placement of the stipples on the paper to produce even tones and avoid artifacts, leading to long creation times for the drawings.
We present two non-interactive techniques for generating stipple drawings from grayscale images using weighted centroidal Voronoi diagrams. An iterative technique acts on input images directly to produce high-quality stipple drawings and a real-time approach uses precomputed dot distributions to stipple images quickly.


Family/Hazardous Waste Day In Robertson County: Might 11
ROBERTSON COUNTY TENNESSEE: (Smokey Barn Information) – The Tennessee Division of Setting and Conservation (TDEC) cell family hazardous waste assortment service can be in Robertson County on Saturday, Might 11.
Tennesseans are inspired to deliver family hazardous waste – together with cleansing fluids, pesticides, batteries and extra – to the designated drop-off location. An individual doesn’t have to stay within the county to take part.
Robertson County – Switch Station, 2916 West County Farm Rd., Springfield, 8 a.m.-2 p.m. CDT. The native contact is Korey Drake at (615) 384-0683.
“We encourage all Tennesseans with eligible supplies to take part on this no-cost program,” stated TDEC Commissioner David Salyers. “This can be a technique to eliminate frequent hazardous supplies in an environmentally accountable method.”
For the reason that program’s inception in 1993, 350,000 Tennessee households have correctly disposed of greater than 22 million kilos of fabric.
Family hazardous waste supplies are thought of flammable, poisonous, reactive and/or corrosive and shouldn’t be positioned with common rubbish. Typical gadgets to dispose of are cleansing fluids, pesticides, mercury thermometers and thermostats, fluorescent lamps, lithium and button batteries, aerosols, adhesives, medicines, brake fluid, swimming pool chemical compounds, paint thinner and used needles in sturdy containers. Objects not accepted embody ammunition, explosives, alkaline batteries, paint, electronics and any empty containers that ought to be disposed in regular trash.
Whereas family waste could also be disposed of without cost, there’s a value for disposal of Conditionally Exempt Small Amount Generator Waste (i.e. wastes from non-household sources comparable to companies, faculties, farms, church buildings, and so forth.) An appointment can also be needed. Name (615) 643-3170 to request a worth quote and schedule an appointment.
Many counties and municipalities meet the wants of native residents by offering assortment of batteries, oil, paint, antifreeze and digital scrap – or BOPAE, as it’s typically referred to as. When dealt with accurately, these BOPAE supplies are minimally hazardous, however inappropriate for assortment at family hazardous waste occasions. Tennesseans are inspired to contact their native metropolis or county strong waste division to search out BOPAE assortment websites of their space.
When transporting supplies to the positioning, place containers in sturdy bins lined with newspaper to stop spills and cross-contamination within the trunk of a automobile or again of a truck. Remember to preserve supplies away from youngsters and pets.
Family Hazardous Waste – Acceptable & Unacceptable Objects
Automotive and Marine Merchandise:
• Gasoline and oil components
• Grease and rust solvents, naval jelly
• Carburetor and gasoline injector cleaners
• Starter fluids
• Physique putty
• Antifreeze / coolant
House Upkeep / Enchancment Merchandise:
• Used strippers and thinners
• Driveway sealant
• Roofing tar
• Wallpaper remover
House Garden and Backyard Merchandise:
• Wooden preservatives
• Pool chemical compounds
• Picture processing chemical compounds
• Medicines / medicine
• Aerosols / compressed gasoline
• Mercury thermostats and thermometers
• Fluorescent tubes
• Compact fluorescent bulbs
• Needles and sharps (in a puncture-proof container)
Medical / Organic:
• Infectious wastes
• Useless animals
• Any waste from a health care provider’s workplace, clinic, or veterinarian’s workplace
Explosives / Ammunition:
• Army ordnance
• Gun powder
• Smoke detectors
• Radium paint
Enterprise / Institutional Waste:
• No companies, massive or small
• No schools or universities
• No faculties
• No hospitals
• No residence enchancment or portray contractors
• No agribusiness
• Empty containers of any sort
• Automotive gasoline tanks
• Alkaline batteries – could also be thrown away within the trash
• Electronics – contact your native Stable Waste Division for steerage
• Paint – contact your native Stable Waste Division for steerage
Ceaselessly Requested Questions About Family Hazardous Waste – click on right here
For extra data on the family hazardous waste cell assortment service, please name 1-800-287-9013 or go to us on-line, click on right here.
Smokey Barn Information (Commercial)
Smokey Barn Information (Commercial)
We deliver you ALL the Information in and surrounding Robertson County, Tennessee.


Bold and Green In Toronto
It’s still in its planning stages, but a project under development in Toronto promises to be a visually bold and cutting-edge green building.
New York-based Gansevoort Hotel Group has teamed up with one of Canada’s leading custom builders, TAS DesignBuild, to develop Toronto’s first LEED-certified hotel/residence: Gansevoort Toronto Hotel & Residences.
The building’s ultra-modern design will further energize the city’s Richmond Street neighborhood in the entertainment and fashion district. Standout amenities include a heated, outdoor, rooftop pool with underwater lights and music, rooftop bar and lounge with landscaped garden, and spacious event loft with soaring ceilings and commanding panoramic views.
Even more impressive are the sustainable features planned for the hotel/residence including building automation (systems tied to computer monitors to intelligently draw less power); ERV systems (energy recovery ventilators designed to reclaim energy before it is discharged); HRV systems (heat recovery systems). The building’s low-impact design features a unique sequence of units (known as geometric articulation) providing shade and decreasing cooling costs as well as a lighter-colored exterior, which reflects heat and decreases the building’s heat gain, requiring less energy to cool.
Units with individual vertical hanging gardens will mix landscape and building elements, as well as contribute to its iconic design. “Buildings are known to take up green space,” said Mazyar Mortazavi, a principal of TAS DesignBuild. “This building replaces the green space it uses by creating individual gardens and hanging them in a vertical fashion.”
With a planned 2012 opening, it will be fun to watch this project take form in Toronto where the real estate market remains active.


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City of Seattle v. StalsbrotenAnnotate this Case
978 P.2d 1059 (1999)
138 Wash. 2d 227
CITY OF SEATTLE, Petitioner, v. Loyd STALSBROTEN, Respondent.
Supreme Court of Washington, En Banc.
Argued March 9, 1999.
Decided June 17, 1999.
*1061 Adam Eisenberg, Seattle Law Dept. Crim. Div., Seattle, for Petitioner.
Gene M. Grantham, Seattle, for Respondent.
*1060 DURHAM, J.
This case presents the question of whether it is constitutionally permissible for a trial court to admit evidence that a drunk driving defendant refused to perform field sobriety tests. Specifically, we must determine whether admitting such evidence violates the defendant's Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. Because we conclude that a defendant's refusal to perform a field sobriety test (FST) is nontestimonial evidence that is not compelled by the State, we hold that the Fifth Amendment does not prohibit admitting such refusal evidence. Accordingly, we conclude that the Court of Appeals erred in holding that admitting evidence of Stalsbroten's refusal to perform an FST violated his right against self-incrimination. Finding no constitutional error in the trial court's admission of this evidence, we affirm Stalsbroten's conviction for drunk driving.I
On February 14, 1995, Seattle Police Officer Curt Boyle observed Loyd Stalsbroten's vehicle pull out of a parking lot after dark without its headlights on. Stalsbroten drove well below the posted speed limit, drifted between several lanes of traffic, and failed to pull over when Officer Boyle activated his emergency lights. Stalsbroten pulled over only after Boyle sounded his siren.
When Officer Boyle approached the vehicle to speak to the driver, he smelled a "strong odor of intoxicants." Transcript of Proceedings (City's Response to Motion for Discretionary Review) at 41. Stalsbroten's eyes were bloodshot and tearing, and his speech was slurred and lethargic. After exiting the vehicle, Officer Boyle reported that Stalsbroten "had a hard time just standing still" and swayed four or five inches back and forth while standing on flat pavement. Id. at 44. During the course of Officer Boyle's interactions with Stalsbroten at the scene, Stalsbroten introduced himself to the officer approximately 10 times, each time repeating "Hi. My Name is Loyd Stalsbroten, what is yours." Id. at 49-50. Officer Boyle then asked Stalsbroten to perform some FSTs to see if it was safe for him to drive home. Officer Boyle informed him that the tests were voluntary, and Stalsbroten refused to take the tests, responding "No way." Id. at 72-73.
Officer Boyle arrested Stalsbroten for driving under the influence, handcuffed him, and escorted him to the police car. Stalsbroten insisted that he could get into the car without assistance, but he eventually ended up "wedged ... in the car with his feet above his head." Id. at 46. After situating the defendant in the back of his car, Officer Boyle advised him of his Miranda warning and transported him to the police station. Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694, 10 A.L.R.3d 974 (1966). At the station, Officer Boyle read Stalsbroten the Implied Consent Warnings, and Stalsbroten refused to take a Breathalyzer test.
Before trial, Stalsbroten moved to suppress his refusal to take the FSTs. The municipal court denied this motion, concluding that there was no constitutional bar to admitting evidence of the refusal and that such evidence was relevant to show Stalsbroten's consciousness of his guilt. At trial, Stalsbroten testified that he had consumed three tall glasses of whiskey and 7-Up within roughly two hours before the arrest. A unanimous jury found Stalsbroten guilty of Driving while Intoxicated. Stalsbroten appealed his conviction to the King County Superior Court. The Superior Court affirmed, specifically concluding that there was no error in admitting evidence of Stalsbroten's refusal to take the FSTs. Stalsbroten then sought discretionary review by the Court of Appeals.
The Court of Appeals granted discretionary review solely on the issue of whether Stalsbroten's refusal to perform an FST was inadmissible under state or federal constitutional *1062 protections against self-incrimination. City of Seattle v. Stalsbroten, 91 Wash. App. 226, 957 P.2d 260 (1998). The court held that "a suspect's refusal to perform a voluntary FST is protected by constitutional provisions against self-incrimination because the refusal is testimonial in nature." Id. at 228, 957 P.2d 260. According to the Court of Appeals, the trial court erred in not suppressing the evidence of Stalsbroten's refusal. However, the Court of Appeals ultimately concluded that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt due to the "overwhelming untainted evidence of Stalsbroten's guilt." Id. The court therefore affirmed Stalsbroten's conviction.II
The right against self-incrimination is protected by the Fifth Amendment, which provides that no person "shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." U.S. CONST. AMEND. V. This right protects a defendant from being compelled to provide evidence of a "testimonial or communicative nature," or from testifying against himself. Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 761, 86 S. Ct. 1826, 16 L. Ed. 2d 908 (1966). However, the Fifth Amendment does not prevent the admission of physical or real evidence. A state may compel physical or real evidence, but may not compel testimonial evidence. The element of compulsion or involuntariness is central to the right against self-incrimination: a defendant's voluntary production of testimonial evidence is not protected by the Fifth Amendment. South Dakota v. Neville, 459 U.S. 553, 562, 103 S. Ct. 916, 74 L. Ed. 2d 748 (1983). Thus, admitting evidence that a defendant refused to take a FST violates his right against self-incrimination only if (1) the refusal evidence is testimonial and (2) the evidence is impermissibly compelled by the State.A
As to the first requirement, we conclude that evidence of a defendant's refusal to perform an FST is nontestimonial. Testimonial evidence is a communication that "explicitly or implicitly, relate[s] a factual assertion or disclose[s] information." Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 496 U.S. 582, 594, 110 S. Ct. 2638, 110 L. Ed. 2d 528 (1990) (quoting Doe v. United States, 487 U.S. 201, 210, 108 S. Ct. 2341, 101 L. Ed. 2d 184 (1998)). As noted above, the Fifth Amendment only protects testimonial evidence. Accordingly, an accused may not be compelled to reveal, either directly or indirectly, "his knowledge of facts relating him to the offense or from having to share his thoughts and beliefs with the Government." Id. at 595, 110 S. Ct. 2638. In contrast, the Fifth Amendment offers no protection against the compulsion to provide blood samples, fingerprints, measurements, voice or writing samples, "to appear in court, to stand, to assume a stance, to walk, or to make a particular gesture." Schmerber, 384 U.S. at 764, 86 S. Ct. 1826. Nontestimonial evidence is unprotected by the Fifth Amendment.
We have repeatedly held that the performance of an FST is nontestimonial. State v. Smith, 130 Wash. 2d 215, 223, 922 P.2d 811 (1996); Heinemann v. Whitman County, 105 Wash. 2d 796, 801, 718 P.2d 789 (1986); City of Mercer Island v. Walker, 76 Wash. 2d 607, 612-13, 458 P.2d 274 (1969). Field sobriety tests produce only real or physical evidence, and do not communicate testimonial evidence. Walker, 76 Wash. 2d at 612-13, 458 P.2d 274. In this way, the performance of an FST is similar to a defendant's appearance at a police lineup or a defendant's other physical actions. Id. Because a defendant's performance of an FST is nontestimonial, Fifth Amendment protections do not apply.
The Court of Appeal in this case acknowledged that the performance of an FST is nontestimonial, but distinguished between a suspect's performance of an FST and a suspect's response to a question about whether *1063 he is willing to take the test. City of Seattle v. Stalsbroten, 91 Wash. App. 226, 232, 957 P.2d 260 (1998). According to the court, the question of whether the performance of an FST produces nontestimonial evidence is separate from the question of whether the request to perform an FST produces nontestimonial evidence. Id. The court agreed that the performance of an FST is nontestimonial, but concluded that a question about a suspect's willingness to participate in an FST requires a testimonial response. Id. According to the court, a suspect's refusal to perform an FST communicates to the officer the suspect's implied belief that he or she thinks he or she will fail the test. Id. Given the fact that the refusal communicates a suspect's "perception of intoxication," the court concluded that the refusal to submit to FSTs is testimonial and therefore constitutionally protected. Id. at 235, 957 P.2d 260.
We disagree with this distinction. A suspect's refusal to perform an FST is no more testimonial than the suspect's actual performance of an FST. State v. Hoenscheid, 374 N.W.2d 128 (S.D.1985). Just because refusal evidence has probative value does not mean that such evidence is testimonial. See Welch v. District Court of Vt., 461 F. Supp. 592, 595 (D.Vt.1978) (discussing refusal evidence in the context of Breathalyzer tests) aff'd, 594 F.2d 903 (2d Cir.1979). A refusal to submit to sobriety tests is not a statement communicating testimonial evidence; rather, the refusal "is best described as conduct indicating a consciousness of guilt." Newhouse v. Misterly, 415 F.2d 514, 518 (9th Cir.1969) (discussing refusal evidence in the context of blood alcohol tests). The act of refusal "merely exposes [the defendant] to the drawing of inferences, just as does any other act." State v. Wright, 116 N.M. 832, 835, 867 P.2d 1214, 1216 (Ct.App.1993) (quoting McKay v. Davis, 99 N.M. 29, 31, 653 P.2d 860, 861 (1982)).
The argument that a refusal to take an FST communicates the suspect's belief that the test will produce evidence of his or her guilt confuses reasonable inferences with communications. See Welch, 461 F. Supp. at 595. "Perhaps one might infer from the refusal that it is an effort to conceal intoxication, but evidence of the refusal and of the words of refusal, standing alone, does not constitute testimonial evidence of any thought, reason or excuse for the refusal." Id. (footnote omitted). Because a defendant's refusal to perform an FST is not testimonial evidence, Fifth Amendment protections do not apply.
In light of the fact that a defendant's refusal to perform an FST is nontestimonial, we conclude that the admission of the refusal evidence at trial does not violate the defendant's right against self-incrimination. We will next briefly discuss the second prong of our Fifth Amendment analysis: whether Stalsbroten's refusal to take the FST was impermissibly compelled. Clear precedent from this court and the United States Supreme Court indicates that such refusal evidence is not compelled.B
Stalsbroten's refusal to perform FSTs was not impermissibly compelled by the State. The Fifth Amendment prohibits only the use of coercion or "physical or moral compulsion" to obtain testimonial evidence. South Dakota v. Neville, 459 U.S. 553, 562, 103 S. Ct. 916, 74 L. Ed. 2d 748 (1983) (quoting Fisher v. United States, 425 U.S. 391, 397, 96 S. Ct. 1569, 48 L. Ed. 2d 39 (1976)). Such compulsion exists when a defendant has no choice but to offer evidence against himself. In the classic context of a Fifth Amendment violationforcing a defendant to testify impermissible compulsion is evidenced by the "cruel trilemma" facing the defendant at trial: testify and submit to self-incrimination; testify falsely, risking perjury; or refuse to testify, risking contempt of court. Id. at 563, 103 S. Ct. 916. It is well established that the Fifth Amendment prevents the state from forcing this choice upon a defendant. Id. The right against self-incrimination may also prevent the state from presenting a defendant with a choice that involves such pain, danger, or severity that the defendant inevitably will be forced to prefer confession. Schmerber, 384 U.S. at 765 n. 9, 86 S. Ct. 1826.
In South Dakota v. Neville, the Supreme Court concluded that admitting evidence of a *1064 defendant's refusal to submit to blood alcohol tests did not compel the defendant to be a witness against himself. Neville, 459 U.S. at 562, 103 S. Ct. 916. "[N]o impermissible coercion is involved when the suspect refuses to submit to take the [blood alcohol] test." Id. Fifth Amendment values are not offended when the state offers a suspect the choice of taking a blood alcohol test or using his refusal against him. This is true because there is no constitutional right not to take the blood alcohol test. According to the Court, blood alcohol tests are so "safe, painless, and commonplace," that the State could legitimately require suspects to take the test. Id. at 563, 103 S. Ct. 916 (citing Schmerber, 384 U.S. at 771, 86 S.Ct. 1826). Given that the State could require suspects to take the test, the State can also legitimately offer suspects the option of refusing the test, with attendant penalties.
This court, following United States Supreme Court precedent, has held that no impermissible coercion is involved in admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to take a blood alcohol test. State v. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d 228, 244, 713 P.2d 1101 (1986). Allowing the defendant's refusal to be used in court is not inherently coercive, especially in light of the fact that the legislature could remove the defendant's right to refuse altogether. "Attaching penalties to the exercise of the statutory right of refusal is not inherently coercive where the Legislature could withdraw this privilege altogether." Id. at 242, 713 P.2d 1101.
In contrast to blood alcohol and Breathalyzer tests, a defendant's right to refuse to participate in FSTs is not specifically protected by statute. See RCW 46.20.308(2). However, the absence of an implied consent statute does not distinguish the admissibility of refusal evidence in the context of FSTs. "[A] defendant's statements refusing to submit to reasonable physical evidence tests are admissible because they are not the product of impermissible coercion, not because statutes authorize their admission." State v. Wright, 116 N.M. 832, 867 P.2d 1214, 1216 (Ct.App.1994). See also State v. Superior Court of Arizona, 154 Ariz. 275, 742 P.2d 286, 289 (Ct.App.1987) ("We thus find the ... distinction ... between a refusal under an implied consent statute and a refusal to take a constitutionally-permissible field sobriety test to be meaningless."). Without impermissible coercion, Fifth Amendment privileges simply do not apply.
Like blood alcohol and Breathalyzer tests, it is undisputed that in Washington, FSTs are voluntary and a Driving Under the Influence suspect has no legal obligation to perform an FST. City of Seattle v. Personeus, 63 Wash. App. 461, 819 P.2d 821 (1991). Attaching consequences to the exercise of the common law right to refuse to submit to an FST is no different from attaching consequences to the exercise of a statutory right of refusal. Just as with blood alcohol and Breathalyzer tests, admitting refusal evidence in the context of FSTs is equally permissible in light of the fact that the State could legally require suspects to perform FSTs.
We hold that admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to perform an FST at trial does not impermissibly compel the defendant to give evidence against himself within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment. Our conclusion that it is constitutionally permissible to admit evidence of a defendant's refusal to take FSTs is thus based upon both our belief that the evidence is nontestimonial, and upon our precedent indicating that the evidence is not compelled.III
It is important to note that our holding is consistent with analogous case law on the admissibility of refusal evidence in the context of Breathalyzers and blood alcohol tests. The United States Supreme Court has held that admitting evidence at trial of the defendant's refusal to submit to blood alcohol tests does not offend the privilege against self-incrimination. Neville, 459 U.S. at 554, 103 S. Ct. 916. Likewise, admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to take a Breathalyzer test does not violate the Fifth Amendment. Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 496 U.S. 582, 604 n. 19, 110 S. Ct. 2638, 110 L. Ed. 2d 528 (1990). Washington has followed this precedent, holding that admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to submit to blood alcohol *1065 or Breathalyzer tests does not violate a defendant's right against self-incrimination. State v. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d 228, 713 P.2d 1101 (1986); State v. Long, 113 Wash. 2d 266, 272-73, 778 P.2d 1027 (1989). We see no reason to distinguish between chemical blood tests, Breathalyzers, and FSTs for these purposes. These cases are not based upon the unique nature of the different tests, but rather upon the general principle that refusing to submit to physical tests does not implicate the Fifth Amendment. To hold that the admission of refusal evidence is constitutionally permissible in the context of blood and breath tests but not in the context of FSTs would undermine the rationale upon which these cases rely.
Our conclusion is further bolstered by the fact that the majority of courts that have considered this issue have concluded that the admission of evidence that a defendant refused to perform an FST does not violate the defendant's right against self-incrimination. State v. Taylor, 648 So. 2d 701 (Fla.1995); State v. Washington, 498 So. 2d 136 (La.Ct. App.1986); Wright, 116 N.M. 832, 867 P.2d 1214 (1993); Commonwealth v. McConnell, 404 Pa.Super. 439, 591 A.2d 288 (1991); State v. Hoenscheid, 374 N.W.2d 128 (S.D.1984); Dawkins v. State, 822 S.W.2d 668 (Tex.Ct. App.1991); Farmer v. Commonwealth, 12 Va.App. 337, 404 S.E.2d 371 (1991); State v. Mallick, 210 Wis.2d 427, 565 N.W.2d 245 (Ct.App.1997).IV
We conclude that admitting evidence of a drunk driving suspect's refusal to perform FSTs does not violate the suspect's privilege against self-incrimination. Not only is such evidence nontestimonial, but it is not compelled by the State. For these reasons, Fifth Amendment protections do not apply to evidence of a defendant's refusal to take FSTs. The municipal court did not err in allowing testimony about Stalsbroten's refusal to perform the FSTs. We therefore reverse the Court of Appeals on the issue of whether the trial court erred in admitting the refusal evidence. Admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to perform FSTs presents no Fifth Amendment problems. Accordingly, Stalsbroten's conviction should be affirmed.
GUY, C.J., MADSEN, TALMADGE, and IRELAND, JJ., concur.
JOHNSON, J. (dissenting).
Without critical analysis the majority flatly concludes a suspect's refusal to take a field sobriety test produces the same objective, nontestimonial evidence as the performance of the test itself. The majority never explains just how a refusal produces objective manifestations of lack of physical coordination or mental confusion. Indeed, the majority admits, as does the City of Seattle, that evidence of refusal was admitted solely to prove Stalsbroten's self-inculpatory knowledge of guilt. A defendant's verbal response to police questioning that is admitted specifically and solely to reveal the defendant's state of mind, thought, or belief goes to the heart of "testimonial" self-incrimination within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment, and the Court of Appeals in this case correctly so held. City of Seattle v. Stalsbroten, 91 Wash. App. 226, 235, 957 P.2d 260 (1998).
A communication is testimonial if it "`explicitly or implicitly  relate[s] a factual assertion or disclose[s] information.'" Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 496 U.S. 582, 594, 110 S. Ct. 2638, 110 L. Ed. 2d 528 (1990) (quoting Doe v. United States, 487 U.S. 201, 210, 108 S. Ct. 2341, 101 L. Ed. 2d 184 (1988)). Thus, the Fifth Amendment right against *1066 self-incrimination is implicated whenever an accused is compelled "`to reveal, directly or indirectly, his knowledge of fact relating him to the offense or from having to share his thoughts and beliefs with the Government.'" Muniz, 496 U.S. at 595, 110 S. Ct. 2638 (quoting Doe, 487 U.S. at 213, 108 S.Ct. 2341). The right is intended "to prohibit the inquisitorial method of investigation in which the accused is forced to disclose the contents of his mind, or speak his guilt." State v. Easter, 130 Wash. 2d 228, 236, 922 P.2d 1285 (1996) (citing Doe, 487 U.S. at 210-12, 108 S.Ct. 2341).
In the present case, the trial court found Stalsbroten's refusal to perform the field sobriety test (FST) relevant and admissible specifically because it communicated Stalsbroten's "consciousness of his guilt." Clerk's Papers at 27. The prosecution commented on the refusal in its opening statement and elicited direct and rebuttal testimony from the arresting officer that Stalsbroten had responded, "No way," when the officer asked whether he would be willing to take the test. On cross-examination, the prosecution asked:And ... is it true that the reason you said, "No way" to the field tests is because you were afraid they would show how physically impaired you actually were from the alcohol? Isn't that true, Mr. Stalsbroten?
Partial Tr. of Proceeding (July 6, 1995) at 134 (City's Resp. to Mot. for Discretionary Review) (hereinafter "Transcript"). In closing, the prosecutor then argued the point at length:Members of the jury. So, what does one do when one is a fairly smart person... do when they're caught and they know they're caught red-handed and they've had too much to drink and they're pulled over for doing something stupid. He knows ... that they're going to smell like alcohol; start hiding the ball; start limiting the damage; start engaging in damage control. The City submits that that's exactly what Mr. Stalsbroten did in this case; did not do the field sobriety tests; would not blow into the breath machine.
Transcript at 142. And then again:He was asked ... the officer asked the defendant to get out ... and step out of his vehicle and perform some field sobriety tests.... [H]e was standing there ... having trouble standing. He refused to do the field sobriety tests, with no explanation... at the time.
Transcript at 144.
The record leaves no doubt, therefore, the evidence of refusal in this case was offered for its testimonial component. It was intended to disclose the contents of Stalsbroten's mind, to reveal self-inculpatory thoughts and beliefs related to the commission of the crime. In short, evidence of refusal was used as a confession. The trial court admitted it for this purpose; the prosecution elicited testimony of it during its case in chief for this purpose; the jury was specifically urged to rely on it for this purpose.
Nevertheless, despite the indisputable and admitted testimonial purpose for which the refusal was offered in this case, the majority flatly concludes "[a] suspect's refusal to perform an FST is no more testimonial than the suspect's actual performance of an FST." Majority at 1062-63. This conclusion, however, does not survive critical analysis. An FST is admissible precisely because it does not communicate the suspect's thoughts or beliefs. Rather, an FST is "premised upon the relationship between intoxication and the externally manifested loss of coordination...." State v. Arsenault, 115 N.H. 109, 113, 336 A.2d 244 (1975) (emphasis added). Like Breathalyzer or blood alcohol tests, field sobriety tests "do not seek to compel from the defendant any knowledge he might have; nor do they involve the defendant's communicative faculties in any way. They only compel him to exhibit his physical characteristics of coordination." Arsenault, 115 N.H. at 113, 336 A.2d 244 (citations omitted). See also State v. Wyatt, 67 Haw. 293, 302, 687 P.2d 544 (1984); People v. Ramirez, 199 Colo. 367, 373-74, 609 P.2d 616 (1980), overruled on other grounds by People v. Archuleta, 719 P.2d 1091 (Colo.1986). Accordingly, the FST does not produce "testimonial" evidence, but produces only real or *1067 physical evidence that does not fall within the privilege against self-incrimination.
Conversely, to the extent action requested of a drunk driving suspect produces evidence which is incriminating not just because of its physical delivery, but also because of its content, it is testimonial. Muniz, 496 U.S. at 593, 110 S. Ct. 2638 (holding that requesting defendant to state the date of his sixth birthday required a testimonial response because "the incriminating inference of mental confusion is drawn from a testimonial act" as much as from its physical delivery). It is beside the point that, if consented to, the test itself would have produced objective evidence of inebriation. "The correct question for present purposes is whether the incriminating inference [of inebriation] is drawn from a testimonial act or from physical evidence." Muniz, 496 U.S. at 593, 110 S. Ct. 2638. As the facts of this case show, evidence of refusal is offered precisely because of its incriminating testimonial quality.
Unlike the objective evidence produced by the test itself, evidence of a defendant's refusal to take an FST is relevant to the prosecution's case in chief precisely because it communicates the thoughts and beliefs of the defendant. State v. Green, 68 Or.App. 518, 522, 684 P.2d 575 (1984) ("Evidence of a defendant's refusal is relevant in that it shows that he believed that the results of the test would tend to incriminate him and thus shows that he believed that he was guilty. Specifically, the state wants the jury to infer, from the fact of a defendant's refusal, that he is saying, `I will not take the field sobriety tests because I believe I will fail them.'"), overruled on other grounds by State v. Panichello, 71 Or.App. 519, 692 P.2d 720 (1984) and superseded by statute as stated in State v. Fish, 115 Or.App. 609, 839 P.2d 278 (1992), rev'd, 321 Or. 48, 56, 893 P.2d 1023 (1995) (finding statute unconstitutional and reiterating that refused evidence is "testimonial."); Opinion of the Justices to the Senate, 412 Mass. 1201, 1211, 591 N.E.2d 1073 (1992) ("[I]f refusal evidence has any relevance to any issue essential to the prosecution's case, it is because it is reflective of the knowledge, understanding, and thought process of the accused.").
Indeed, we have previously held that refusal evidence is irrelevant to the State's case in chief except for its testimonial component. See State v. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d 228, 233, 238, 713 P.2d 1101 (1986) (evidence of refusal to take a Breathalyzer test is not relevant to prosecution's case in chief except to draw inference of guilt or innocence and is, therefore, inadmissible under implied consent statute). There, we reasoned the statute prohibited the State from arguing "that guilt can be inferred from the defendant's refusal or that the defendant's refusal can give rise to an inference that he had conscious doubts as to whether or not the test would vindicate his sobriety." Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 232-33, 713 P.2d 1101. We rejected the State's contention that refusal evidence had probative value for any other purpose. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 235, 713 P.2d 1101. Not being relevant except to draw an inference of guilt or innocence, we held refusal evidence irrelevant and inadmissible in the State's case in chief. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 238, 713 P.2d 1101. Thus, like the Oregon Court of Appeals in Green, Zwicker necessarily holds that refusal evidence is relevant to the State's case in chief specifically and only for its testimonial componentto establish the defendant's state of mind from which an inference of guilt may be drawn.
This case underscores the above discussion. Here, there is no contention the evidence was offered to demonstrate the physical manner in which Stalsbroten delivered the words, "No way." Rather, the evidence was admittedly offered solely for its testimonial valuethe implied assertion of belief that Stalsbroten knew he was drunk. When offered to communicate the defendant's state of mind, refusal evidence "is, in essence, testimony concerning the defendant's belief on the central issue of the case." Green, 68 Or.App. at 522, 684 P.2d 575. Thus, indisputably, the incriminating value of the evidence *1068 here stemmed in whole from its testimonial component.
Accordingly, the majority is simply wrong that a defendant's response to police questioning offered for the sole purpose of exposing the defendant's own consciousness of guilt does not fall within the meaning of "testimonial" as envisioned by the Fifth Amendment. A defendant's response to police questioning is "testimonial" within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment whenever it "reflects the actor's communication of his thoughts to another." Muniz, 496 U.S. at 595 n. 9, 110 S. Ct. 2638. As the foregoing demonstrates, the whole point of offering refusal evidence is to communicate such thoughts.
The majority's contention that refusal evidence may have probative value unrelated to its testimonial component is irrelevant to the discussion at hand. Majority at 1063 ("Just because refusal evidence has probative value does not mean that such evidence is testimonial."). Where refusal evidence is offered for purposes other than for its testimonial component, it is relevant and admissible only for impeachment. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 238, 713 P.2d 1101 (refusal evidence is relevant to the State's case in chief only where it may properly be used to infer guilt; in other circumstances it is relevant and admissible for purposes of impeachment only). Indeed, in the very case the majority cites for its proposition that refusal evidence is relevant and admissible for purposes other than its testimonial aspect, the jury was instructed it could not draw an inference of guilt from the refusal. See Welch v. District Court, 461 F. Supp. 592, 595 n. 1 (D.Vt.1978) (specifically instructing the jury it could draw no "inculpatory inference" from the right of refusal), aff'd, 594 F.2d 903 (2d Cir.1979). Here, the opposite occurred. The trial court found the refusal relevant and admissible precisely because it went to the defendant's consciousness of his guilt, and the prosecutor belabored the point at length. In short, there is simply no room in this case to argue the evidence of refusal was properly admissible for some purpose other than for its testimonial component since the record irrefutably demonstrates it was offered for no other purpose.
Nor is refusal a nontestimonial "act" as the majority posits. Majority at 1068. The United States Supreme Court has refused to adopt such an approach. See South Dakota v. Neville, 459 U.S. 553, 561, 103 S. Ct. 916, 74 L. Ed. 2d 748 (1983) (recognizing "the distinction between real or physical evidence, on the one hand, and communications or testimony, on the other, is not readily drawn in "many cases," and "situations arising from a refusal present a difficult gradation from a person who indicates refusal by complete inaction, to one who nods his head negatively, to one who states `I refuse to take the test'...."). In rejecting this approach, the Supreme Court in Neville, 459 U.S. at 561 n. 11, 103 S. Ct. 916, specifically referenced Newhouse v. Misterly, 415 F.2d 514 (9th Cir.1969), the case upon which the majority now relies. Moreover, Misterly itself states that "where an underlying right to refuse such a blood [alcohol] test is present, it would be improper to draw adverse inferences from failure of the accused to respond to a request for a blood test because the accused would thereby be penalized for exercising his rights to refuse the test." Misterly, 415 F.2d at 518 (emphasis added). Accordingly, the Misterly court ruled the refusal admissible only because the defendant did not make any statement when asked to perform the test and because California gave neither a constitutional nor a statutory right of refusal. Misterly, 415 F.2d at 518. Properly analyzed, therefore, Misterly does not support the majority's position but merely begs the question.
In contrast to Misterly, here Stalsbroten had an absolute right to refuse to take the test, City of Seattle v. Personeus, 63 Wash. App. 461, 465, 819 P.2d 821 (1991), and did so by responding verbally, stating, "No way," when the officer requested him to perform the FST. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, refusal to take an FST is always *1069 responsive to a direct question from an officer. Thus, whether indicated by silence, a nod of the head, or a verbal response, refusal is always testimonial in nature because it communicates an assertion to the officer. This is true particularly, as here, where the refusal is admitted specifically to reveal the defendant's belief regarding his own guilt. See Muniz, 496 U.S. at 595 n. 9, 110 S. Ct. 2638 (The Fifth Amendment right against compelled revelation of ones thoughts and beliefs "applies to both verbal and nonverbal conduct; nonverbal conduct contains a testimonial component whenever the conduct reflects the actor's communication of his thoughts to another.").
In addition to finding Stalsbroten's refusal "testimonial," I would hold his response was "compelled" within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment. In Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 242, 713 P.2d 1101, we held that attaching evidentiary penalties to the exercise of the statutory right of refusal was not unconstitutionally coercive where the Legislature could withdraw this privilege altogether. We went on to state, "perhaps more importantly," the defendant had not been granted the right of refusal "without a corresponding warning of the consequences of exercising that right." Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 242, 713 P.2d 1101. We specifically noted "the Washington implied consent statute requires that the accused be warned that a refusal to submit to the blood alcohol content test may be used against him in a subsequent criminal proceeding." Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 242-43, 713 P.2d 1101 (emphasis omitted). Accordingly, we held "there is no coercion in obtaining refusal evidence where the accused is fully informed of the consequences of exercising the statutory right of refusal." Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d at 243, 713 P.2d 1101 (emphasis added). Thus, our holding in Zwicker was premised on two rationales: (1) the test was statutorily authorized under the implied consent law and the right of refusal was merely a grant of legislative grace; and (2) the accused was fully informed of the consequences of exercising the right of refusal.
Neither rationale is present in this case. The Legislature has chosen not to include field sobriety tests within the implied consent laws. There is, thus, no statutory or other legal requirement that a driver take such tests, nor has the right of refusal been statutorily conditioned. The Oregon Court of Appeals correctly recognizes the coercive effect of using refusal evidence under these circumstances:Because defendant had no obligation to take the test, there could also be no conditions placed on his refusal. Use of the fact that he refused enables the state to obtain communicative evidence to which it would otherwise have no right, as a result of defendant's refusal to provide noncommunicative evidence to which [the state] also had no right. This situation is thus a true Hobson's Choice.
Green, 68 Or.App. at 526, 684 P.2d 575. See also Opinion of the Justices, 412 Mass. at 1211, 591 N.E.2d 1073 (implied consent statute "uses the threat of adverse testimonial evidence as a coercive tool to compel submission to a breathalyzer test. The accused is thus placed in a `Catch-22' situation: take the test and perhaps produce potentially incriminating real evidence; refuse and have adverse testimonial evidence used against him at trial.... Therefore, such refusal evidence is both compelled and furnishes evidence against oneself.").
Essentially, Stalsbroten, like all motorists asked to perform the FST, is placed in a situation where any response to the officer's request (short of taking the test itself), including silence, would be taken as refusal and would produce involuntary testimonial evidence against him. (Again, such evidence would be relevant to the prosecution's case in chief only to reveal the defendant's consciousness of guilt). To place an accused in a situation where he or she must either comply with the State's request or produce *1070 self-incriminatory testimonial evidence is inherently coercive. Any response in these circumstances is not "voluntary" in any meaningful sense of the word.
Thus, I would hold that evidence of refusal to take the field sobriety test is both "testimonial" and "compelled" within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment.
ALEXANDER, SMITH, and SANDERS, JJ., concur.NOTES
 The text of the self-incrimination clause in the Washington Constitution differs from the text of the Fifth Amendment. It provides that "[n]o person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against himself." WASH. CONST. ART. I, § 9. However, this court has held that the "Washington constitutional provision against self-incrimination envisions the same guarantee as that provided in the federal constitution." State v. Moore, 79 Wash. 2d 51, 57, 483 P.2d 630 (1971). See also State v. Zwicker, 105 Wash. 2d 228, 242, 713 P.2d 1101 (1986).
 We note, however, that the question of the admissibility and relevance of such evidence is not before us at this time. Our holding in this case is limited to the question of whether there is any constitutional problem with admitting evidence of a defendant's refusal to perform FSTs. We conclude that there is no constitutional problem with admitting such evidence. This is not to say, however, that a trial court may not exclude evidence of a drunk driving suspect's refusal to take an FST in a particular case if the probative value of the evidence is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice or jury confusion. See State v. Long, 113 Wash. 2d 266, 272, 778 P.2d 1027 (1989). We leave the question of whether such evidence is relevant and admissible under the Rules of Evidence for another day.
 Although the wording of article I, section 9 of our state constitution is substantially different than the Fifth Amendment, Stalsbroten has not argued it provides greater protection. Therefore, the issue in this case is limited to the scope of the right as afforded under the Fifth Amendment.
 Subsequently, in State v. Long, 113 Wash. 2d 266, 272, 778 P.2d 1027 (1989), we held refusal evidence relevant and admissible specifically because it could now be used to infer guilt or innocence under the amended implied consent law. Thus, Long merely reiterates that refusal evidence is relevant because of its testimonial component.
 The New Mexico case cited by the majority also relied on Misterly. See State v. Wright, 116 N.M. 832, 835, 867 P.2d 1214 (Ct.App.1993) (quoting McKay v. Davis, 99 N.M. 29, 31, 653 P.2d 860 (1982) (quoting Misterly, 415 F.2d at 518)).
 It is unclear how the majority would treat silence in the face of an officer's request to perform an FST since silence itself could simply be taken as a "nontestimonial" act of refusal. Commenting on a defendant's silence, however, would clearly implicate the constitutional right against self-incrimination. See Easter, 130 Wash. 2d at 241, 922 P.2d 1285 (officer's testimony defining "`smart drunk' as meaning evasive behavior and silence" in response to police questioning violated defendant's right against self-incrimination).

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text:
A week to the day he presumably smashed a window at ABC’s New York studios in a fit of rage, Chris Brown made his triumphant return to the network on… READ ON
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Top tech news of the week (October 28 - November 3)
04 Nov 2018, 09:47PM ISTSource: Gadgets Now
Apple launched its new iPad Pro, MacBook Air and Mac Mini. OnePlus launched its second flagship smartphone of the year. Google added Hindi support to its smart speakers in India and more. Here’s a recap of all the major tech news of the week.


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CBS News is reporting that California’s own Sequoia National Park holds the dubious distinction as the most air polluted national park in the country. The park, which is located in the Sierra Nevada forest and home to the famous giant redwoods, had the highest smog levels and most recorded violations over last year.
The heightened ozone levels at Sequoia are not just dangerous to humans, but the forest as well. According to the Associated Press, redwood seedlings and both Jeffrey and ponderosa pines are significantly stressed by the pollution.
Four California state parks were among the nation’s top seven most air polluted, including Joshua Tree, Yosemite and Mojave National Preserve. This information comes from the U.S. Park Service and the EPA at a time when national parks are suffering through significant budget cuts that park-goers are likely to feel this year.
As reported by the San Francisco Chronicle, with more cuts looming and no increase in the National State Park’s annual budget of $2.75 million in President Obama’s proposed spending plan for next year (which is a best case scenario), amenities such as number of campgrounds, information booth hours and safety patrols will have no choice but to be reduced.
"National parks already faced cuts during the last two years and are already underfunded so any additional cut makes the challenges even greater," said John Garder, the National Park Conservation Association's budget and appropriations legislative rep to the Chronicle. “The impact on people’s vacations will be substantial.”
Not everyone agrees that that the cuts are a bad thing, and that there are more important national priorities, like Dan Mitchell, senior fellow at Washington, D.C. think tank the Cato Institute.
"Even with ... cuts they will still have more money than they had 10 years ago and 20 years ago,” Mitchell told the Chronicle, “and yet, we had the parks open back then.”


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