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Early childhood educators’ perceptions of preschoolers' mental health problems: a qualitative analysis
Annals of General Psychiatry volume 13, Article number: 1 (2014)
Early childhood education services create potentially optimal opportunities to identify and respond effectively to preschoolers' mental health problems. However, little is known about the knowledge, skills and competencies of early childhood educators in the area of mental health. The present study aimed to contribute to this field through conducting focus group interviews with professionals from public early childhood education centres in Greece.
Thirty-four educators attended five focus group meetings, with each group consisting of five to nine participants and two discussion facilitators. A thematic analysis was conducted using line-by-line open coding. Constructed codes from the wording used by the participants in the interviews were created, and constant comparisons for developing themes as well as seeking data not conforming to each theme were used independently by two researchers. At the end of this process, no new information was being provided and there was repetition in each of the categories.
The analysis identified three themes in the data: risk factors for preschoolers' mental health problems, signs of preschoolers' mental health problems and practices of helping preschoolers with mental health problems. Results suggested that early childhood educators had satisfactory awareness of many preschoolers' mental health issues, although they showed a rather limited understanding in some domains. Moreover, they seemed to deliver inadequate practices in responding effectively to children's and families' mental health problems.
Best practice training in working with preschoolers, families and mental health services seems essential for helping young children receive the best level of support through early identification and intervention services for possible mental health problems.
During the preschool years (ages 2 to 5 years old), brain development shows some of its most active and sophisticated advances, and many mental competences are expressed for the first time . Behaviours related to temperament, attachment, frustration, empathy and aggression are elaborated in this early stage in the context of the interplay between genes and environment .
Although there is relatively limited evidence on preschool psychopathology compared with epidemiologic studies of psychiatric disorders in older children, the current research suggests with certainty that the rates of the common psychiatric disorders in preschoolers are similar to those seen in later childhood . In early childhood, mental health problems primarily consist of behaviour and emotional problems. These affect approximately one in every seven children. Oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, separation anxiety disorder and parent–child relationship problems are the most commonly diagnosed mental health problems in preschool populations.
Left untreated, up to 50% of preschool problems continue through the childhood years . Because of their high prevalence and persistence into later life, community-based approaches are needed to reduce their associated burden in a range of areas (e.g. psychosocial functioning and cognitive performance). In fact, there is credible evidence that intervening during preschool years can have a greater cost-effective impact on multiple developmental outcomes, compared to later school or adult intervention [5–8]. Efficacious promotive and preventive interventions have been developed mainly for behaviour and, to a lesser extent, emotional problems and could be diffused from research to everyday practice, assuring fidelity to original intervention implementation .
Early childhood education services create potentially optimal opportunities to identify and respond effectively to early mental health problems in a feasible way, given the large number of children who attend. However, little is known about the knowledge, skills and competencies of early childhood educators in the area of child mental health. It has been shown that only a minority of preschoolers with mental health problems are referred by child care services for further assessment and treatment . An Australian study tried to explore childcare educators' and managers' understanding of child and parental mental health and the early signs of mental health problems . Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews showed that childcare staff were able to explain child wellbeing but were somewhat limited in their knowledge of risk and protective factors for child and parental mental health. The educators seldom mentioned the impact of broader community and societal issues on mental health, and they tended to attribute mental health problems to family violence or poor parenting. Moreover, they did not link mental health promotion to the principles of the early years education curriculum. Nevertheless, many of them indicated a desire for further training in mental health.
Also, another study in Australia aimed to identify the strategies, facilitators and key challenges for promoting children's social and emotional wellbeing as reported by childcare directors and workers during semi-structured interviews . They reported mainly informal individual caring and helping strategies with few centre-wide policies or systematic scheme-wide strategies. Frequent difficulties communicating with non-English speaking parents and/or children, lack of staff training and inadequate resources for activities were the key challenges identified by the participants. Perceived facilitators included staff having strong relationships with each other and sharing a common philosophy, as well as having an open door policy for parents. A subsequent qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews by the same researchers revealed that family day care educators were not enough comfortable identifying causes and early signs of mental health problems . Limited financial resources, lack of training and hesitance raising child mental health issues with parents were the most common barriers that were reported by the participants.
The present study aimed to replicate the findings from the abovementioned qualitative studies and to contribute to the scarce literature in this field and inform education and health policies through exploring early childhood educators' perceptions of risk factors and early signs of preschoolers' mental health problems and practices of responding to these difficulties. For this reason, focus group interviews with professionals from Greek public early childhood education centres were conducted.
Participants and procedure
The present study was part of the project entitled ‘Promotion of Child Psychosocial Development and Prevention of Difficulties in the Childcare Context’ under the Action ‘Excellence’ of the operational program ‘Education and Lifelong Learning’. The provision of Greek public early childhood education is offered by municipalities at no cost to low-income families or at a low monthly cost to medium- and high-income families. However, public services cannot respond to all applications, and a proportion of children attend private education centres with state funding. In the present study, early childhood educators were recruited from six municipalities in Athens, Greece, that included socially disadvantaged areas and were proximal to the venue of the focus group meetings. Within each municipality, the person being in charge of the public preschool education centres was contacted via telephone calls in order to forward to the childcare centres written invitations for the group discussions. Through the invitations, educators were asked to contact the research team members so as to express their interest for participation. To be eligible for the study, preschool educators had to have at least 1 year of experience and hold at least a 2-year vocational degree. It was ensured that no more than two staff members from each centre would be included. After recruitment, 48 educators agreed to take part in the study, and 34 of them finally attended the focus group meetings. All participants were female. Six participants held a 2-year vocational training in preschool education, 16 participants held a college degree (4-year training) in preschool education, 11 participants held a university degree (4-year training) in early childhood education and 1 participant held a masters degree in early childhood education. In general, this distribution of educational level reflects the situation in the entire population of early childhood educators in Greece, where vocational training and higher education degree are required for appointment as an assistant educator or an educator, respectively. In the present sample, 3 educators had less than 2-year experience, 9 educators had 2- to 10-year experience, 15 educators had 10- to 20-year experience, and 7 educators had more than 20-year experience.
Five focus group meetings were conducted within a 2-week period during June 2013. Each group consisted of five to nine educators and two discussion facilitators. The average duration of each focus group discussion was approximately 120 min. A focus group discussion guide was developed, pilot tested and reviewed before the final administration. The participants were given a brief definition of child mental health as follows: ‘The achievement of expected developmental cognitive, social, and emotional milestones and by secure attachments, satisfying social relationships, and effective coping skills’. They were then asked an open set of questions related to the aims of the present research: (1) Tell me what you think are the causes of mental health problems in children?, (2) Tell me what you think the early signs of a mental health problem are for children? (Prompt: what might they behave like with other children?) and (3) If you suspect a child has a mental health problem, what do you do? The participants also completed a demographic questionnaire. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Ethics approval was granted from the Bioethics Committee of the University of Athens Medical School.
A thematic analysis was conducted in order to explore the educators' understanding and practices regarding preschoolers' mental health problems using line-by-line open coding [14, 15]. Concepts emerged from the raw data and later were grouped into conceptual categories. Constructed codes from in vivo codes (the wording used by participants in the interviews) were created, based mainly on a comprehensive model of understanding child mental health needs . Constant comparisons for developing themes and seeking data not conforming to each theme were used independently by two researchers. At the end of this process, no new information was being provided and there was repetition in each of the categories.
The analysis identified three themes in the data: risk factors for preschoolers' mental health problems, signs of preschoolers' mental health problems and practices of helping preschoolers with mental health problems. Each theme is reported below, and its content is illustrated with quotes from the participants.
Risk factors for preschoolers' mental health problems
Inconsistent care giving was the most frequently reported risk factor for preschoolers' mental health problems. Family history of mental health problems; lack of warm, trusting and supportive relationships with significant adults; unstable home environment (e.g. family violence and parental conflict) and exposure to major stressful life events were also referred by many educators.
Hereditary factors, lack of love, affection and emotional nurture, a disturbed family environment, overprotection and oppression of children, low self-esteem and self-confidence due to impaired parent–child attachment. (Participant 5)
Each case is unique … in general, when there is tension between parents at home … when they cannot communicate effectively … they argue a lot, feel unbearable anxiety in everyday life with their kids, parents who are not stable, they do not set limits to kids. I believe parent behavior is by far the most important factor for child development in order for the child to grow up emotionally and not develop such problems. (Participant 12)
Maybe some events. For example, bereavement… such things. A divorce - something more common. (Participant 23)
A group of participants identified parent mental health problems in conjunction with lower levels of parental education, income and employment as important risks for children's mental health problems.
I believe that nowadays parents’ anxiety about the economic situation is the most important factor. I would say that all this stress that parents suffer… children are aware of this stress and the parents cannot understand that their kids from a very young age are able to understand anything that happens at home… Maybe parents talk to each other in front of their kids and children internalize this anxiety… unexpectedly. (Participant 15)
Only one educator spoke of preschoolers with limited experiences of social interaction who were at risk for mental health problems, and another participant referred to physical health problems as a risk factor for mental health problems. Finally, the only individual risk factor that was discussed was the child's impaired brain development.
Signs of preschoolers' mental health problems
Educators felt that a preschooler who was often challenging, refusing to obey parents or carers, did not play with other children and did not enjoy being with children might face a mental health problem.
Their inability to follow simple instructions… for example, it is time for drawing, for play, it is time for having lunch or washing our hands… very simple instructions that they cannot follow, they cannot follow the rest… they cannot concentrate on something and sit at the table for long. (Participant 6)
This is a melancholic child… isolated… who does not play with other children or even on his own… To me, this child sits in a corner, all alone, without toys and children around them… or even if there are toys or kids, this child seems indifferent… to reach them or to be reached. (Participant 30)
A group of participants described preschoolers not being able to be understood by someone they did not know, not asking questions, having ongoing fears that prevented enjoyment of life and showing unprovoked anger or violence towards other children.
A child who does not respect their peers or the group… they constantly hit other kids and they become the centre of attention… a big problem… An overactive, aggressive child… (Participant 18)
Other views were that preschoolers who revert to soiling or wetting after being toilet-trained, cannot separate from parents or carers even with support and have difficulty in understanding and responding to another person's point of view or feelings may face mental health difficulties. Only one educator identified significant sleeping problems, waking a lot at night and not seeking parents or carers for comfort as signs of preschoolers' mental health problems. Additionally, just one educator described children with mental health problems as possibly very dependent on a dummy or comfort object after 4 years.
Practices of helping preschoolers with mental health problems
The participants felt that their current practice in helping preschoolers with mental health problems included mainly taking time to observe preschoolers' behaviours and social relationships at the service and discussing these with parents.
We observe the child over a long period and during the programme of the centre… We discuss with parents about their child’s behavior and try to find together management strategies. (Participant 1)
This is a very sensitive subject. You should be clear towards the parents regarding your concerns, still in a discreet manner… without insulting them. It is helpful to suggest that they see a mental health professional in order to deal more appropriately with the problem. (Participant 19)
Developing relationships with local mental health services to support their work with preschoolers and families and having regular meetings and follow-ups with parents to support a child who may be experiencing mental health problems were the other two practices referred by the educators.
First, we ask for professional advice. There is a psychologist working for the municipal consultation service. Also, we encourage parents to seek professional help. We both get help this way… However, it depends on parents, how much ready they are to accept what you tell them. Sometimes parents do not accept our concerns at all! (Participant 30)
The present qualitative content analysis showed that several educators did express their knowledge about many the most important parenting and family risk factors for preschoolers' mental health problems . However, their understanding about these proximal risks seemed limited in that they tended to feel that parents were to blame for their offsprings' mental health problems. This understanding may substantially impair the relationships between preschool education centres and families, increase stress and feelings of guilt in parents and ultimately may adversely affect parenting ability and children's outcomes . In addition, other significant parameters such as limited family social support networks, child's difficult temperament and early separation from primary caregiver [3, 19] were not mentioned by any participant.
Moreover, several educators did seem knowledgeable of key signs of common mental health problems in preschoolers. More specifically, many participants managed to identify signs of externalizing problems (e.g. oppositional defiant behaviour, inattention and hyperactivity). However, educators referred, to a lesser extent, to signs of internalizing problems (e.g. depression and separation anxiety), relationship problems (e.g. disorganized attachment and autistic features) and regulatory problems (e.g. sleep disturbances, poor self-soothing and disordered eating patterns). This fact is rather problematic, given that emotional and behavioural problems if left undetected and untreated during the preschool years create a developmental pathway that leads to internalizing and externalizing problems into the adolescent years and early adulthood [20, 21].
With regard to current practices in helping preschoolers with mental health problems, the analysis showed that on an individual level, many educators take time to observe children's behaviours at the service and discuss these with parents and, to a lesser extent, work in partnership with families and local mental health services. However, it is clear that no policies and procedures (e.g. help-seeking policies, inclusive referral pathways, hosting events with professional services and coordinated interventions) are currently being developed within the early childhood education centres for responding to children with mental health problems. Moreover, the educators seem not to realize their important role in helping children with mental health problems learn new skills that support their development.
The focus group interview method provided an effective opportunity to collect rich and comprehensive material. However, despite the wealth of material, most of the statements relied on the participants' subjective perceptions. Further research in this area should therefore combine interviews with observations in everyday early childhood education practice in order to examine more reliably educators' understanding of specific real-world cases of children displaying or not displaying difficulties and the actual strategies that are employed. Additionally, the aim of the present study was the provision of critical information rather than the generalizability of the results. A purposive and of maximum variation sampling was used to ensure ‘information-rich cases’. This information may be helpful for researchers, and decision makers, in order to develop mental health promotion interventions within the early childhood care context. It cannot be claimed that the opinions reported by preschool educators are representative of the entire respective population. The study was conducted in the context of an urban area, and professionals from rural areas could have expressed different views—possibly due to factors such as less workload, lack of mental health services and fewer opportunities for continuing education. Moreover, the focus group discussions were conducted out of the educators' working hours, in a distant setting from their workplace, which means that the participants were probably those who were more aware of the importance of the issues under study. The provision of incentives for participation, the more active recruitment process and the inclusion of rural areas may achieve a better representation of the respective population in future research.
Despite its limitations, the present study revealed that early childhood educators have a limited understanding about preschoolers' mental health issues and deliver inadequate practices in responding effectively to children's and families' mental health problems. Best practice training for early childhood educators in working with preschoolers, families and mental health services seems essential for helping young children receive the best level of support during their early development. Best practice training could include (1) promoting feelings of belonging and connection for all children, families and staff; (2) developing children's social and emotional skills, such as self-regulation, relating to others, resolving conflict and feeling positive about themselves and the world around them; (3) sharing important information about the lives of the children and linking parents and carers with appropriate information and education about parenting, child development and children's mental health; and (4) helping children who are experiencing mental health problems. The latter could be enhanced though training focused on understanding mental health, promoting children's mental health, managing feeling and behaviours, managing trauma and ways to recover, seeking help and accessing support . Relevant training can equip early childhood education with knowledge, attitudes and skills that are needed to identify children experiencing mental health problems, discuss effectively with parents about mental health and help seeking, and provide invaluable opportunities for early intervention.
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The present study is part of the project entitled ‘Promotion of Child Psychosocial Development and Prevention of Difficulties in the Childcare Context’ which is implemented under the Action ‘Excellence’ of the operational program ‘Education and Lifelong Learning’ and is co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) and national resources.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
GG participated in the design of the study, made the analyses and prepared the manuscript. EA participated in the design of the study and assisted in the analyses and manuscript preparation. CD, YT and KP designed the study and consulted on the analyses. DO, DP and LT participated in the design and the implementation of the study. GK consulted on the analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Giannakopoulos, G., Agapidaki, E., Dimitrakaki, C. et al. Early childhood educators’ perceptions of preschoolers' mental health problems: a qualitative analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 13, 1 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-13-1
- Early childhood education
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|FULL NAME:||Alice Morel-Michaud|
|BIRTH DATE:||October 31, 1998|
|BIRTHPLACE:||Quebec City, Quebec, Canada|
|AGE:||21 years old|
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MTN News will broadcast a one-hour special about the historic flooding that has devastated parts of Montana on Friday, June 24, 2022.
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Hey guys, as you probably know, Confederation between the colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Upper and Lower Canada was achieved in 1867. It was a day of historic proportion but it would have never happened if not for all the conferences and negotiations that went into creating the Confederation. So we decided to split the class into the different colonies and see if we would be able to achieve confederation once again so we could figure out the answer to the driving question of this project:
How and Why Did Canada Develop Into a Nation?
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However you probably are dying to see this ‘amazing’ video I’ve been talking about this whole time so without further adieu here is the Nova Scotia Confederation Infomercial!
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Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic regulation is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and targeting it may one day lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, research suggests.
A review of clinical articles published between 1985 and 2012 confirms that increased physical activity and exercise are extremely important for healthy aging, announces Ethical Alternative Products,
A study from the UK reveals that, in the population of Scotland, UK, life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes has improved substantially, and this improvement should now be reflected in life insurance and other relevant policies for those with the condition.
Proteins are the chief actors in cells, carrying out the duties specified by information encoded in our genes.
Researchers have extended the average lifespan of a group of mice by about 20 percent -or the equivalent of raising the average human life span from 79 to 95 - by lowering the expression of a single gene.
September is Healthy Aging Month and a new research study points to genetics and lifestyle factors as critical to a healthy lifespan, announced Ethical Alternative products, supplier of premium
Home Care Assistance’s Healthy Longevity Webinar Series' next installment will be presented by leading psychologist and award-winning author, Dr.
The deficiency of a protein called RbAp48 in the hippocampus has been identified by a team of Columbia University researchers as a significant contributor to age-related memory loss. The team also found this type of memory loss is reversible.
TA-65, a natural supplement, improves many aspects of aging in humans.
- An armed gangster.


text:
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domain: finance


text:
Both melanoma and age spots can cause brown lesions on the skin. It is very important to differentiate these two skin conditions. While age spots can be a cosmetic nuisance, they are harmless. Melanoma, however, can be deadly. In fact, melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Although melanoma and age spots share some common features, there are some distinguishing characteristics.
A 2016 report from the American Cancer Society reports that melanoma accounts for only 1 percent of all skin cancers in the U.S. but is responsible for the overwhelming majority of skin cancer deaths 1. Melanoma occurs when the pigment cells, or melanocytes, in the skin become cancerous. Skin lesions due to melanoma may be raised or flat and are often dark brown or black. However, color variation within the lesion is very common with melanoma. This can include variable shades of brown, black, red, blue and even white. Other common characteristics of melanoma include: -- asymmetry, meaning one half doesn't mirror the other half -- irregular or poorly defined borders -- size larger than 6 mm, or about the size of a pencil eraser -- change in shape, color and/or size over time
Melanoma can develop at any age in adults, although the risk increases with advancing age. It occurs rarely in young children, but can develop in adolescents. Melanomas may arise in a preexisting mole or develop anew. Unlike age spots, melanomas often itch, bleed easily or are tender.
Age spots -- also known as liver spots or solar lentigines -- are linked to aging and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning bed use. Age spots develop when skin damage caused by UV radiation caused increased proliferation of melanocytes and other cells in the superficial layer of the skin. A brownish pigment called melanin produced by the melanocytes accumulates in the upper layer of the skin leading to age spots. Age spots typically make their initial appearance in middle-aged adults, and tend to gradually increase in size and number over the years as a person ages.
Like freckles, solar lentigines are characteristically flat and multiple spots tend to occur together in an affected area. Unlike freckles, however, age spots do not fade. They are most commonly light brown, but can be dark brown or black. In contrast to melanoma skin lesions, age spots are characteristically uniform in color. They can be round, oval or irregular in shape. However, they have distinct borders and remain relatively stable in appearance over time, though they may enlarge very slowly over a period of years. Unlike melanoma skin lesions, age spots do not cause any symptoms.
People with fair skin and those who have a history of heavy sun exposure are at increased risk for age spots, melanoma and other forms of skin cancer. To prevent sun-related skin damage, the American Academy of Dermatology advises daily use of sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher, even on cloudy days. Be sure to choose a sunscreen that provides specific protection for both UVA and UVB, two types of damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Wearing protective clothing and minimizing time outside when the sun is most powerful -- between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., is recommended as well.
Age spots do not require treatment, although it's possible to treat them cosmetically with fading creams or laser treatments. If melanoma is diagnosed before it has spread to other organs, it is highly curable. Melanoma must be surgically removed. Depending on the size of the lesion, melanoma can sometimes be removed in a dermatologist's office. If melanoma has invaded deep into the skin or spread to other organs, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be necessary.
Warnings and Precautions
Age spots are not cancerous, but they do indicate UV skin damage, a major risk factor for skin cancer. As such, people with age spots should keep an eye out for other potentially cancerous skin growths. If you have multiple moles or age spots, it's a good idea to have an annual skin exam. If you notice a mole or spot on your skin that looks unusual or has changed in appearance, see your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can be life-saving.
Reviewed by: Tina M. St. John, M.D.
- American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures 2016
- The Oncologist: Systematic Review of Medical Treatment in Melanoma--Current Status and FutureProspects
- Dermatology Times: Solar Lentigines, While Common in Older Adults, Can Indicate Malignancy
- Pediatrics: Incidence of Childhood and Adolescent Melanoma in the United States: 1973-2009
- National Cancer Institute: Melanoma Treatment (PDQ) -- Health Professional Version
- AndreyPopov/iStock/Getty Images


Breadboard kit - includes 3PCS 830 point 2PCS 400point weldless breadboard for Arduino
- Ex Tax: $16.75
- Product Code: CN0241
- Availability: In Stock
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. It is used to build and test circuits quickly before finalizing any circuit design. And it has many holes into which components like ICs and resistors as well as jumper wires mentioned above can be inserted. The breadboard allows you to easily plugin and removes components. There are two types of breadboard: the one with 400 holes, the other with 830 holes in the package. They are in the same using method and internal structure although different in size.
Board Material: White ABS plastic with black legend
Internal Contacts Material: Phosphor bronze finished
Board Base: Self-Adhesive Tape
830 tie-points total: 200 in 2 power rails, 630 in a 30 x 10 matrix
400 tie-points total: 100 in 2 power rails, 300 in a 30 x 10 matrix
Socket Pitch: 2.54mm / 0.1"
Contact Type: Double-leaf copper spring
Extension Clips: Yes (Can extend with other boards)
830 Breadboards Matrix: 126 separate 5 point terminals plus 4 horizontal bus lines (Power Lines) of 50 test points each.
400 Breadboards Matrix: 60 separate 5 point terminals plus 4 horizontal bus lines (Power Lines) of 25 test points each.
Two roads are of independent control and can be switched to 0V, 3.3V or 5V.
Input voltage: 6.5-12V (DC) or USB power supply
Output voltage: 3.3V/5V switchable
Maximum output current: <700 mA


text: Discover releases, reviews, credits, songs, and more about Miscalculations - Asbestos City at Discogs. Complete your Miscalculations collection. Miscalculations – Asbestos City. Label: No Front Teeth Records – NFTR Format: Vinyl, 7", Limited Edition. Country. Live with Myself/Asbestos City 7" by Miscalculations, released 01 June 1. Live With Myself 2. Asbestos City 7" Available now from NFT records!! Asbestos City · Digital Track. Streaming + Download. Includes high-quality download in MP3, FLAC and more. Paying supporters also get unlimited streaming via the. Music Video. Miscalculations - Asbestos City. Featured In. Album. Miscalculations. Miscalculations. Top Songs By Miscalculations. Listen to Asbestos City on Spotify. Miscalculations · Song · Open App. Asbestos City. Miscalculations. Song. 2 min 58 sec. More by Miscalculations. Description. Miscalculations – “Asbestos City” 7″. Debut 2 track 7” from London post punks. A cool mix of Joy Division grittiness, circa An Ideal For Living. born (opt.) Album Cover. Miscalculations Asbestos City. Single UK on No Front Teeth Records label. Alternative (Punk). Performer: Miscalculations · Title: Asbestos City · Size FLAC ver: mb · Country: UK · Released: · Style: Punk · Other formats: AUD VOC MPC RA TTA AHX AC3. Listen to music by Miscalculations on Apple Music. Find top songs and albums by Miscalculations including The Inaudible Pitch, Asbestos City and more.

domain: entertainment


Issue in Focus Integrating Product Design and Development Environments – Battling Complexity, Improving Productivity, and Compressing Time discusses how a well-integrated CAD-PLM platform helps improve engineering and product development performance. This report describes the requirements and capabilities that manufacturers should look for in the latest generation of integrated systems for product design and development. Please
This episode of Tech-Clarity TV introduces the Tech-Clarity Sustainability Maturity Framework to help companies assess their current capabilities to design for environmental concerns and put plans in place to improve their processes. This is a critical capability for manufacturers given the tremendous number of demands facing their businesses today and the significant growth of requirements
Tech-Clarity Insight – PLM’s Role in Enabling Design for Environment discusses the tremendous challenges manufacturers face from sustainability demands and regulations. The report discusses how companies can adopt a strategy and culture that helps them address sustainability and compliance needs early in design and how PLM software provides a platform of capabilities that can be
This episode of Tech-Clarity TV explains how Product Data Management (PDM) serves as a foundation for profitability and growth for today’s manufacturers. In this episode, Jim explains how PDM’s ability to control, access, and share product data helps companies gain business value today and provides a scalable backbone for future growth, value, and ROI.


New: WMA-IB-LN ultra-low noise phase inverter - buffer
The WMA-IB-LN can be used to double the output voltage of two high voltage amplifiers by driving them in bridge mode, or as high impedance input buffer while maintaining precision and ultra-low noise. The WMA-IB-LN model has been designed specifically for the Falco Systems WMA-200 high voltage amplifier. Two WMA-200 amplifiers combined with one WMA-IB-LN provide unprecedented noise performance and output voltage range.
- Ultra-low noise: with 2 WMA-200 amps, the rms output noise is ~130uVrms, with 700Vpp output voltage range!
- Output voltage: -10V to +10V differential maximum
- BNC input, differential input, differential buffered output and differential phase inverted output
- Lead-free, environment-friendly construction
In bridge mode, the phase inverter - buffer can double the maximum output voltage available to drive a load such as a piezo actuator or electro-optical (EO-) modulator. The arrangement is show in the photograph and the schematic above. The phase inverter - buffer drives the two HV amplifiers with the same signal but opposite polarity. The load is connected between the two amplifier outputs, instead of the usual connection of the load between the output of an amplifier and ground.
The WMA-IB-LN phase inverter - buffer is priced at EUR 675.- (EU price)
Please ask for our special WMA-IB-LN with 2x WMA-200 HV amplifier and differential cables set prices.


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“Very friendly and efficient.”
– Kim G.
We take pride in returning our patient’s ability to smile large and wide! Take a look at a few before and after photos and imagine what we can do for you.
These photos depict several of our great patients that have participated in significant dental work, which has improved their health and greatly transformed their smiles. None of the photos that you see below are from models or purchased from any source. We want you to see the actual results that are achievable when we work together!
Caren came to us complaining of large gaps between her upper and lower front teeth that, “had bothered her for 40 years.” She elected to proceed with cosmetic bonding procedures as well as gingival recontouring to reshape her smile and close the gaps in her teeth. At the end of her procedure, she cried and told us that she wished she had done it years ago.
Patrick came to us after admiring his mother’s cosmetic dental procedure. Because Patrick had teeth that were somewhat canted and had large spaces between some of his front teeth, we elected to perform cosmetic tooth bonding and reshaping to close the gaps in his teeth and reshape his smile.
John had long been bothered by the dark cavities between his front teeth, as well as the crookedness of his smile line. We helped him achieve a healthy new smile through the use of EMAX crowns and were able to realign his teeth at the same time.
For her whole life, Jill has wanted very white front teeth! She also had cracked in her front teeth, as well as cavities in between. At her request, we used special bleached porcelain in order to give her the white smile that she always wanted.
Patrick came to us from overseas, where the standard of dental care was significantly lower. At his first appointment, he was embarrassed to smile because of all the chipped, stained, and crowded teeth. He felt that his image was suffering because of his smile.
Antony had a congenitally missing upper left lateral incisor. Through cosmetic dental implant therapy, Antony was able to get his tooth replaced with a cosmetically pleasing full-thickness EMAX porcelain crown. Good luck in the Peace Corp Antony!
Shauna came to us with Veneers on her upper anterior teeth, but she, unfortunately, had recurrent decay, meaning that cavities had invaded under the backside of the veneers and were endangering the health of her teeth. We removed the offending veneers and placed full-thickness esthetic porcelain crowns.
Tom is an engineer patient of ours, and for a long time had an old-fashioned, snaggle-tooth, porcelain metal crown in the front of his smile, as well as a lot of crowding and decay in and around his front teeth. Leveraging EMAX cosmetic all-porcelain crowns to create a new smile.
Larry has severely ground his teeth at night, throughout his whole life. Unfortunately, this caused the teeth to be less than half their original length. Through careful gingival contouring, and zirconia high-strength, all-porcelain crowns, we were able to lengthen his teeth and protect them from continued chipping.
“I was looking for a new dentist and glad I found them. The staff was super professional and Lindsay the hygienist was super nice and talked me through the entire process from start to finish.”
– Knute P.


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"A man goes to a psychiatrist. The doctor says, 'You're crazy' The man says, 'I want a second opinion!' 'Okay, you're ugly too!'"
See and share Beautiful Nature Photos and amazing photos of interesting places
Below is the poem entitled Infected which was written by poet
Mahfood. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by
Im sick of this poison you have injected,
Get it out,
Please tell me how,
Im sick of being infected.
It makes me feel numb,
Either way I haven't got anything to feel.
In this world,
We are all infected.

domain: literature


text:
Hach 2802300 SwifTest Dispenser with (1) Free Chlorine Reagent Vial
Checkout securely with
Hach 2802300 SwifTest Dispenser is the easy and economical way to dispense free and total chlorine reagents for high volume testing. Just squeeze to add the exact amount of powder as in in a powder pillow. No need to open pillow packages.
Package includes one dispenser and one reagent vial with enough free chlorine DPD reagent for approximately 250 tests, 10 ml sample size.

domain: chemistry


2011 Volkswagen Touareg prices start at $45,720, Touareg Hybrid starts at $61,385
Volkswagen has announced pricing for the 2011 Touareg, which is scheduled to go on sale very soon. Prices for the entry-level 2011 Touareg with a 280-hp 3.6L V6 FSI starts at $45,720 while the 3.0L turbocharged V6 2011 Touareg TDI diesel starts at $48,770.
Click here for more news on the Volkswagen Touareg.
As you know by now, big news for the 2011 Volkswagen Touareg is the availability of a hybrid model. With an EPA estimated fuel-economy of 25 mpg on the highway, the 2011 Touareg Hybrid starts at $61,385. Comparatively, the 2011 Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid starts at $67,700.
Click here for the EPA estimated fuel-economy figures on the 2011 Volkswagen Touareg.
Refresher: The 2011 Volkswagen Touareg is available in the United States in three trim-levels including the base 3.6L V6 FSI, 3.0L V6 TDI and a 3.0L V6 TSI Hybrid. The 3.6L V6 FSI unit makes 280-hp and a maximum torque of 265 lb-ft with fuel-economy coming in at 16/23 mpg (city/highway). The 3.0L turbocharged V6 TDI clean diesel engine makes 255-hp and a peak torque of 406 lb-ft with fuel-economy coming in at 19/28 mpg. Power for the 2011 Volkswagen Hybrid comes from a V6 TSI unit making 333-hp. The engine is mated to an 8-speed automatic transmission and a 47-hp electric-motor (E-Motor), allowing for a total 380-hp and 428 lb-ft of torque. EPA estimated fuel-economy comes in at 25 mpg on the highway.
2011 Volkswagen Touareg:
– By: Omar Rana


text:
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems Australia and UGL have joined forces to bid for the Pacific Patrol Boats project, supported by Tasmanian industry. ThyssenKrupp confirmed that the bid has been submitted, and stated that Incat Tasmania, Haywards and other members of the Tasmania Maritime Network are key parts of the team.
“We are committed to Australia and to our Australian business,” stated Dieter Rottsieper, deputy chief executive officer of parent company ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems (TKMS), speaking in Hobart. “We will bring all of our experience, our latest technology and our support to Australian and regional naval and maritime programs.”
TKMS in Australia will drive the overall acquisition program, the company stated, fully integrated with UGL in its through-life support role.
Rob Dunbar, head of operations for TKMS Australia, stated: “We have chosen Incat and Haywards as our boat-builders through their longstanding success in the competitive international commercial market, and in their total commitment to integrate with our design and support team for the best whole-of-life solution for the Pacific island countries.”
Incat managing director Craig Clifford commented: “We are really excited by the longer-term prospects for our team. Whilst naval shipbuilding in Australia has developed a dependency on federal government policy, the Tasmanian patrol boat solution is quite different.
“This project will simply add to the order-books of established and successful businesses in a sustainable way that is both great for regional employment and in building for longer-term success. This project is about extending the international success of our Tasmanian manufacturing industry.”

domain: economics


Diondre Samuel Charged For Leshauna Bridgin’s Death
Police have charged 26 year old Diondre Samuel of All Saints with causing death by dangerous driving.
A recent autopsy revealed 29 year old Leshauna Bridgin died as a result of injuries she sustained after she was hit by a car being driven by Samuel along Friars Hill Road.
The incident happened on January 20 and accounted for the country’s first road fatality for 2022.
Samuel is expected to make his first court appearance in the St. John’s Magistrate Court on Thursday.


The Third Simultaneous Muslim War :
The "Doves" are National Security Advisor Tom Donilon and Deputy National Security Advisor Denis McDonough. Defense Secretary Robert Gates has also been strongly opposed to attacking Libya. These men are known within the administration as pragmatists highly protective of the president.
The "Hawks" are led by Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State and other people, read on.
I can not hide my admiration for those Obama aides that opposed the war, or if you prefer "Military Intervention" or Adventure. What seems easy will turn out to be very difficult and the USA is going to be tied to Libya with compromise for several years to come. Today's decisions may be examined with microscope for years to come.
This is pregnant with troubles and will have more pains than a female mule giving birth to a child or colt ( which is possible in real life, just in case you are not a zoologist or veterinarian ).
Foreing Policy Mag
How Obama turned on a dime toward war
By Josh Rogin
March 18, 2011
How Obama turned on a dime toward war
Some excerpts :
At the start of this week, the consensus around Washington was that military action against Libya was not in the cards. However, in the last several days, the White House completely altered its stance and successfully pushed for the authorization for military intervention against Libyan leader Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi. What changed?
The key decision was made by President Barack Obama himself at a Tuesday evening senior-level meeting at the White House, which was described by two administration officials as "extremely contentious." Inside that meeting, officials presented arguments both for and against attacking Libya. Obama ultimately sided with the interventionists. His overall thinking was described to a group of experts who had been called to the White House to discuss the crisis in Libya only days earlier.
"This is the greatest opportunity to realign our interests and our values," a senior administration official said at the meeting, telling the experts this sentence came from Obama himself. The president was referring to the broader change going on in the Middle East and the need to rebalance U.S. foreign policy toward a greater focus on democracy and human rights.
"In the case of Libya, they just threw out their playbook," said Steve Clemons, the foreign policy chief at the New America Foundation. "The fact that Obama pivoted on a dime shows that the White House is flying without a strategy and that we have a reactive presidency right now and not a strategic one."
Inside the administration, senior officials were lined up on both sides. Pushing for military intervention was a group of NSC staffers including Samantha Power, NSC senior director for multilateral engagement; Gayle Smith, NSC senior director for global development; and Mike McFaul, NSC senior director for Russia. .
On the other side of the ledger were some Obama administration officials who were reportedly wary of the second- and third-degree effects of committing to a lengthy military mission in Libya. These officials included National Security Advisor Tom Donilon and Deputy National Security Advisor Denis McDonough. Defense Secretary Robert Gates was also opposed to attacking Libya and had said as much in several public statements.
Not all of these officials were in Tuesday night's meeting.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called into the meeting over the phone, a State Department official confirmed. She was traveling in the region to get a first-hand look at how the new U.S. Middle East strategy is being received across the Arab world. Denied a visit with Egyptian youth leaders on the same day she strolled through Tahir Square, Clinton may have been concerned that the United States was losing the battle for the hearts and minds of the Arab youth at the heart of the revolution.


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World News: 15:30 GMT Wednesday 11th July 2018. [Centerstone Executive Search and Consulting via Globe Newswire via SPi World News]
WASHINGTON July 11 2018 GLOBE NEWSWIRE -- a national retained search firm announces the availability of its “Hacking the Cyber Security Talent Shortage.” Written by Jim Donnelly managing director of Centerstones Aerospace Defens e and S...
Globe Newswire: 15:30 GMT Wednesday 11th July 2018
SPi News is published by Sector Publishing Intelligence Ltd.
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Sector Publishing Intelligence Ltd.
Agriculture House, Acland Road, DORCHESTER, Dorset DT1 1EF United Kingdom
Registered in England and Wales number 0751938.


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Heavy rain, gusty winds expected throughout the day Wednesday
There will be a wide range in afternoon readings.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (WBTV) - Today is another First Alert Weather Day. Rain will dominate the day and may be especially heavy during the late morning to early afternoon hours.
- First Alert Weather Day: Heavy rain, gusty winds
- Thursday-Friday-Saturday: Dry, seasonably cool
- Sunday: Growing concern for more rain
There could be pockets of localized flooding, as many neighborhoods will pick up another inch of rain that is falling on top of saturated ground.
Wind gusts up to 35 mph are possible in any heavy storms that develop, though the overall risk for severe weather and tornadoes is low in the WBTV viewing area.
There will be a wide range in afternoon readings, with cold 40s in the mountains and foothills, mid to upper 50s in the Piedmont, and the low to middle 60s in the Sandhills.
The rain will quickly taper down this evening and skies will clear overnight with lows in the chilly 30s.
Thursday and Friday will be mostly sunny and seasonably chilly. There will be a gusty breeze to contend with Thursday with highs in the low to middle 50s, while Friday will be even colder with highs in the upper 40s to lower 50s following a cold start in the 20s.
The weekend will start dry with highs in the mid to upper 50s Saturday, but rain may unfold on Sunday, a day we’re monitoring as our next First Alert Weather Day.
Download the free WBTV Weather app on your mobile device, to receive weather alerts and get your latest WBTV weather forecast on the go. You can also get the latest weather forecast on Roku and Amazon Fire’s WBTV app.
Stay safe and have a great hump day!
Copyright 2023 WBTV. All rights reserved.


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Stuart Broad set for county return
England all-rounder Stuart Broad is set to return to action for his county side Nottinghamshire after recovering from the injury that kept him out of the Test match in Colombo.
He will play next week after flying home with a calf strain after the defeat in Galle and this could ensure the new-ball pairing with James Anderson is restored in time for the Test match at Nottinghamshire's Trent Bridge ground at the end of next month.
Fans enjoying hospitality packages at the Test may be optimistic about England's chances of beating their Caribbean opponents, who are on the brink of a Test series defeat against Australia.
Trailing 1-0 after the first two Tests, the final encounter in Roseau is heading Australia's way after three days.
Having taken a first innings lead of 110, the tourists reached 200-6 in their second innings at the close, threatening to set the home team an insurmountable fourth-innings target.
By Keith Prowse


NAVI MUMBAI: Cidco is flexible at providing the incentive
and rental scheme to airport PAPs, who were yet to shift. MD, Lokesh Chandra
while briefing media Saturday said the shifting was on hold due to monsoon. Around 50% of the villagers had shifted while the figure was 72% for the south side of the Ulwe hill where the runway will be developed for the phase I of the over Rs 16,000 crore project.
He said the concessionaire has taken over the project and the deadline was December 19 end. As for the two schemes, Lokesh said, "I am open about it and will look into it." The MD had extended the schemes to the project affected persons who quit their native villages before July 7.
The incentive scheme is for additional Rs 500 per sq ft for PAPs as construction aid for building their houses on developed plots in lieu of vacating their native dwellings in the 10 villages in core area of upcoming Navi Mumbai international airport
while the 18 month rental scheme is for the rent to be availed for the period new houses will take time to be built.


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I was hanging out and hiking with my dad in all 3 of these photos that he took. Some things never change. ☺ Thank you for supporting and loving me always. #growth #comparison #changes #constants #bonding #fatherandson #ftm #transition #hrt #testosterone #ftmtraveler #hiking #adventure #exploring #whatilivefor #myfavoriteever
I know my time with him is limited. It’s short and sweet, but it goes fast and amazingly. And when I’m with him, I just wish that time would go so much slower. I wished that the minutes were seconds and that our time together wasn’t so small. I love the way he holds my hand and the way he looks at me and then I smile, laugh, and look away. Then he asks me what’s wrong. And I just smile and reply with “nothing.” Because nothing’s really wrong when he’s around. I like him. I like him a lot.
He’s out now. He’s out with his bestfriends, getting burgers for breakfast like the idiots they are. I’m here though, waiting for them - him to come back so I can just have one more if not hour, then minute with him. I just worry a little bit. I mean, they’re out. I trust him, I think. But I don’t trust girls. Because they don’t care if a guy had a girlfriend. But it doesn’t matter because if a girl can catch his attention, I don’t want him. I’ve just wanted to be with him for so long, and now that I am, I’m scared out of my mind to lose him. The way he wraps his arm around me when we sit on the floor together, watching a movie. The way we fly away from each other at the risk of getting caught being together, yet we still go back to each other. The way he randomly looks at me when he thinks I’m not looking. That’s what I love about him.
I just really like him a lot. I hope he comes back soon. I just need time with him. That’s all I want. And when I’m with him, I’m comfortable being myself. Because he’s my boyfriend. And he’s great. And whenever I’m with him, all I want to do is hold his hand. So, if time would be able to hear me, I would beg it to please, just stop when I’m with him. That’s all.


Dhaka, Feb 09: The Dhaka Water Supply and Sewage Authority, or WASA, wants to raise the price of water by at least 20 percent. The hike aims to reduce the government subsidy, it said.
Taksim A Khan, the managing director of Dhaka WASA, informed the media of the matter at the organisation’s headquarters on Wednesday.
“We are proposing a 20 percent hike,” he said. “If the government wants to raise prices further, we won’t object. If the government subsidises the water, the price will not increase. The decision is up to the government.
It currently costs WASA Tk 25 to supply 1,000 litres of water, but the amount is sold for Tk 15. WASA wants to raise the price to reduce the amount paid in subsidies.
“According to the law, WASA can make a 5 percent increase in price each year, but we believe that is not enough, so we have sent a proposal to the ministry.”
The proposal to increase the price of water was raised at a WASA board meeting in the last week of January, a board member told bdnews24.com. Most members of the board had opposed it, but the matter was raised again at a meeting on Monday.
WASA raised the price of water by 5 percent on May 5 last year. The price of a unit (1,000 litres) of water for residential use was raised from Tk 14.46 to Tk 15.18. The price of a unit for commercial use was raised from Tk 40 to Tk 42.
WASA had also raised the price of water in April 2020. The price of water for residential use had risen by Tk 2.90.
WASA also raised prices in September 2019, July 2018 and August 2017.


text:
(MENAFN- Live Mint) "India Tuesday rejected Pakistan's“unwarranted and habitual” reference to Kashmir during a United Nations Security Council (UNSC) open debate on 'Maintenance of International Peace and Security: Promoting Sustaining Peace through Common Development', PTI reported UNSC debate was going on under the presidency of China Read | National Herald probe: ED attaches properties worth ₹751 crore in money-laundering caseDuring the debate, Munir Akram, Pakistan's permanent representative to the United Nations, made a reference to Kashmir in his remarks which was strongly rejected by the Indian side, the PTI reported Read | Airtel top boss Vittal pushes for e-Sim use“I will take not more than a few seconds to dismiss the unwarranted and habitual remarks made by a Permanent Representative earlier against my country and I will not dignify them with a response here,” PTI quoted R. Madhu Sudan, Counsellor in India's Permanent Mission to the United Nations as saying.\"Exciting news! Mint is now on WhatsApp Channels
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Click here!To gain international attention, Pakistan habitually raises Kashmir issue on various global platforms including the United Nations, irrespective of the agenda and topic of discussions, but the attempts have failed to garner any traction. India has consistently maintained that Jammu and Kashmir was, is and will remain an integral part of India Read | Bank of America sees S&P 500 hitting record 5,000 by the end of 2024The bilateral relations between India and Pakistan have been tense since New Delhi scrapped
Article 370 of the Constitution to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir on August 5, 2019, which evoked strong reactions from Pakistan. The nuclear-armed Islamabad downgraded diplomatic ties with India and expelled the Indian envoy Delhi has categorically told the international community that the scrapping of Article 370 was an internal matter of India. It also advised Pakistan to accept the reality and stop all anti-India propaganda.
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domain: politics


Australian butchers get creative
Australian beef exports to the united states have jumped 40 per cent this year, but for some local producers in Australia, it's still a hard ride.
Source: ABC News | Duration: 1min 58sec
Archaeologists in Poland uncover gas chambers where an estimated 250,000 Jews were killed.
Victorian man Scott Loxley arrives in Broome on an Australia-wide charity trek dressed as a storm trooper.
ABC Fact Check analyses the Coalition's promise on constitutional recognition of Aboriginal people.
One man will do almost anything to see a Tasmanian cemetery promoted as a tourist attraction - even strip.


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iStar Financial, Inc. (SFI) Cuts Q3 Loss, Revs Lighten
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- New Orders Growth Pushes Manufacturing ISM to Three-Year High
- Will GoPro (GPRO) Take the On-Officer Camera Market by Storm?
iStar Financial, Inc. (NYSE: SFI) reported Q3 loss of ($0.71), versus ($0.89) reported last year. Revenue for the quarter came in at $97.36 million, versus $133.3 million reported last year.
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Balancing Fantasy and Reality
World creating is an all-encompassing and immersive task. A writer must sit down at his or her desk and give birth to entire realities, histories, ideologies, people and places. World creating isn’t an undertaking for the faint of heart, and it presents its own unique challenges on top of all the other myriad struggles involved in writing a novel. One of my favorite quotes on the subject is:
“Writing is like sausage making; you'll all be happier in the end if you just eat the final product without knowing what's gone into it.” –George R.R. Martin
I think it’s especially telling that those words come from an undisputed legend in the field. World creating represents its own mountain to the mind of an author, but what happens when a writer has conceived of a story that blends a fantastical world with the real world? This story arc is more common than one might think, and it ranges across genres from Harry Potter and His Dark Materials to X men and Superman. It has a particular prevalence in science fiction, where a given story arc often imposes a new technology or phenomenon that acts to jettison a “real” world into the realm of genre.
These “hybrid” stories present their own unique dilemmas for a writer. On top of the world creation itself, there is now another variable in the equation: the collision of worlds within the story. That was the situation that faced myself when I sat down with the initial storyboards and notebook scratchings of my debut novel Anthem’s Fall.
To orient you to the task I faced, here is the pitch for Anthem’s Fall:
When the fallen emperor and a banished exile of the same herculean race ignite into battle over New York City’s rooftops, a brilliant young scientist discovers a technology that can defeat them both, yet might be more terrible than either. (*Disclaimer: getting it down to a one-sentence pitch was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do!)
As you can probably guess, my process involved world creation and the presentation of a familiar world. I simultaneously introduced modern New York City along with the brutal, futuristic world of Anthem. It took a long time and a lot of rewrites to get it right.
Here’s what I learned along the way:
1) One world can strengthen the other
Introducing two distinct worlds and two separate narratives presented a unique opportunity to deliberately juxtapose and relate one seemingly dissimilar place to another. The fantasy of Anthem could strengthen and add implicit tension to the scenes in New York City. The stripped down realism of New York City’s streets could anchor the fantastical vision of Anthem. Combined, the two worlds could coalesce the familiar and the unfamiliar to form a more dramatic setting than either could have attained alone.
2) Creating a world is hard, but it’s even harder when that fake world is held up against a real place. With such a novel, a writer’s fantasy must compete with reality on the believability scale.
As I developed the world of Anthem, I learned how many rules a made-up world requires. Amid the editing process, I found myself catching more glitches and flubs in my own constructed reality than the mistakes I made with the streets of New York. I never would have imagined how strict a writer’s own rules have to be in order to achieve believability in a made-up world. This is especially true when the made up world is constantly being interspersed with chapters that take place in modern New York City.
With Anthem I wanted to create a world that looked more like an ancient society than a world one might normally associate with science fiction. Anthem is futuristic, and home to advanced technology, but I wanted the world and its people to be more reminiscent of an ancient barbarian culture than an advanced dystopia. It’s a society controlled by a dynasty of brutal warriors, and despite the long history of Anthem, it’s clear to the reader that Anthem is more barbaric than New York City.
I wanted the connection there. I wanted the reader to flip from chapter to chapter and think about the similarities and differences between these two worlds. A reader knows that these worlds are eventually going to collide, so I wanted them thinking critically about each along the way.
What I found by the time I finished my final edit run was that my rules for Anthem had become more imperious and unflinching than the rules of writing about a modern New York City. If one fell out of equilibrium, they both would fail.
3) Balance must be found
When simultaneously introducing two worlds chapter by chapter, a writer can play an extraordinary game of tug of war with the reader’s imagination—grounding it with normalcy on one page and then lifting it up to thundering heights when the time is right. However, when “world creating”, there are so many factors to consider. What is this world’s history? How do its people think, and what ideologies do they cling to? In order for the reader to care about Anthem’s fall (as in, Anthem’s Fall) he or she first has to care about Anthem.
Forming the back-story of a world and its people is an incredibly enjoyable experience, but one in which I had to be very careful. Long exposition spent describing Anthem’s history could kill the story flat. I learned that divulging the back-story of an entire world is an exercise in subtlety. Because you are writing a novel, not a history book, you have to allow the reader to connect the lines and draw their own inferences from hints and suggestions in the text.
Going in depth about the ancient history of Anthem would have been as extraneous as discussing ancient Rome while introducing New York. Incorporating the “real” world into a fantasy story forced me to strip down unnecessary details in Anthem and focus on simply letting the story roll.
Above a horrified New York City, genetics and ethics collide as the fallen emperor and a banished exile of the same herculean race ignite into battle over the city’s rooftops. In the streets below, a brilliant young scientist has discovered a technology that can defeat them both, yet might be more terrible than either.
Set both in modern New York City and in the technologically sophisticated yet politically savage world of Anthem, Anthem’s Fall unfurls into a plot where larger than life characters born with the prowess of gods are pitted against the shrewd brilliance of a familiar and unlikely heroine.
It had its certain comforts and learned familiarities, but New York had never felt like home. The initial novelty of Manhattan and all of its cultural and architectural grandeur had long waned, and what she once regarded with wonder, she now felt only a moldering cynicism. These days Kristen Jordan considered the soaring edifices and crowding streets to be the material shape, the substance, behind the insatiable and thoughtless ambition of the modern. Nudging her straw against the melting ice cubes at the bottom of an empty vodka tonic, Kristen looked about the shabbily decorated and dimly lit college bar. Glowing neon beer signs and television screens hung on walls that enclosed a dozen booths and tables. A distinct smell of stale beer and hot wings hung in the air, yet the nearby conversations of fellow academics, exultant and self-assured, ignored this atrophy.
Kristen studied genetics at Columbia, and her brilliance was unrivaled. Sitting quietly and gazing across the young faces of the bar, Kristen wondered if she stood out among her outwardly preoccupied and self-satisfied peers, or if they too were all carrying unspoken anchors of anxiety and doubt. On some level, though, she knew her general restlessness was an unfortunate byproduct of her intellect, and not an affliction shared by the masses.
From across the table her fellow graduate student Steve Armstrong had started rambling over the loud rock music, his hand clutching a perspiring glass of beer. “My point is that there’s a difference between intelligence, or even consciousness for that matter, and awareness. They’re two entirely different phenomena that are always lumped into the same category. Don’t you think?”
Kristen Jordan groaned and rolled her eyes, which elicited a laugh out of another graduate student sitting beside her, Cara Williams.
“I don’t care, Steve,” Kristen said, her voice distracted and leaden. “I hardly think it’s a topic worthy of lengthy discussion. There’s no way of knowing for certain because that kind of technology doesn’t exist.”
“Are you kidding me?” Steve gulped his beer and glared at her, his words faintly slurred. The alcohol added a note of indignation to his tone. “You’re saying we shouldn’t consider how a new technology will operate?”
S.L. Dunn is the debut author of Anthem’s Fall, a novel he wrote amid the wanderings of his mid twenties. He has written while living intermittently in St. John USVI, Boston, Maine and Seattle. Raised on big screen superheroes and pop science fiction, he sought to create a novel that bridged a near-sci-fi thriller with a grand new fantasy. He currently resides in Seattle with his girlfriend Liz and their dog Lucy, and is hard at work completing the next book of the Anthem’s Fall series. Get in touch at www.sldunn.com.


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A New Voice Arising
By Cathy Kolb, Statewide President of Professional Educators of Tennessee.
Ideas matter. In Tennessee, we have never been accused of failing to generate ideas. In education, the debate has often been stymied at both the local and state level. Suppression of ideas or free speech should not be the cornerstone of any child-focused education policy. That is why a new voice is arising for educators across the state, and where reasoned debate is welcome.
Peter Drucker stated: "The greatest danger in times of turbulence is not the turbulence; it is to act with yesterday's logic." Although value added assessment is very much thriving in Tennessee and across the nation, other ideas such as merit pay--in the form of a career ladder program or any attempt to move to a differentiated pay scale have ultimately been gradually rolled back or stopped in their tracks in our state.
Teachers, as well as parents, policymakers and taxpayers, are hungering for an authentic voice that is intellectually honest in the education arena. They have grown weary of the "union mentality" which is harmful to innovation and improvement throughout our public schools. They want a voice that makes a positive difference in the lives of educators and in the lives of schoolchildren. Our organization, Professional Educators of Tennessee (PET), is working closely with legislators to have our members' voices heard. Unfortunately, some teachers have never even heard of our organization.
Our staff is present at the state capitol during the legislative session in order to provide information on education and retirement issues to members, as well as to make sure our members' ideas and concerns become the priorities of Tennessee legislators. We do this in a professional manner by working with legislators regardless of political party affiliation and without union style strong arm tactics. Those tactics make it understandable why some legislators may believe changes are needed or a ban on political payroll deductions may further the state's interest in separating the operations of government from partisan politics.
More critical to our organization are the exclusivity provisions found in collective bargaining agreements that have effectively silenced too many voices in our schools, including those of fellow teachers who are not union members. Through collective bargaining the union gains use of facilities, faculty meetings, access to teachers, communications, and even board meetings to the exclusion of others.
As a professional association, PET believes it takes everyone working together to improve Tennessee public schools. But the teachers' union only wants their voice heard and is only interested in an agenda that benefits them. The key difference is that PET is a democratically run association, relying on input from our members here in Tennessee. We are not reliant upon a Washington DC teacher union with an out of touch political and social agenda to determine our goals or objectives. That is another key reason that the exclusivity of teachers unions is intrinsically unfair, not only to our members--but to other teachers, taxpayers, parents and policymakers at every level.
It is an unreasonable practice for a taxpayer funded employer or entity to interfere, restrain or coerce employees in the exercise of their rights to join or potentially join a competing organization. In this regard, a public employer which knowingly provides a teacher union with use of its facilities or internal mail for an organizational campaign should also be required to make those accommodations uniformly available to a competing organization. State government must ensure that local school districts provide equal opportunity to all organizations and that their policies do not otherwise violate the mandate for neutrality. Public entities should not be in the business of silencing voices and teachers should be treated as professionals.
It is in the public interest to provide statutory checks on the excessive power progressively attained by the teachers' union, especially at times with a financial strain on local budgets. Does that mean that doing away with current Professional Negotiations law is in the best interest of teachers? Not necessarily. But it is fair to acknowledge that a union's ability to bargain with the government is a statutory right, not constitutional right.
There is great confidence by many teachers across the state that Tennessee lawmakers will ultimately study the issue and reach a fair and appropriate conclusion. Hopefully all legislators can reach universal agreement that whatever legislation ultimately comes out of Nashville the principles we espouse will establish a peaceful, stable employer-employee relationship; protection of the rights of ALL teachers to be members of the organization of their choice with equal access; protection of the right of the taxpayer through their elected representatives to control government policy and the cost of government; and, governmental services will be provided in the most efficient and orderly manner possible. There is a new voice for students and teachers rising across Tennessee: Professional Educators of Tennessee. Now you have heard.
Cathy Kolb is the President of Professional Educators of Tennessee. She teaches in Clarksville, Tennessee. Permission to reprint this article in whole or in part is hereby granted, provided the author and Professional Educators of Tennessee are properly cited. For more information contact Crystal Barker, Director of Communications at firstname.lastname@example.org.


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When deprived of play, as they are in factory farms on the crowded slatted pens, piglets do not grow into normal pigs.
Play is found mainly in the most cognitively complex and adaptable non-human species, such as primates, dogs, dolphins and birds. It also exists in fish and reptiles and complex invertebrates such as octopus. Play appears to be a marker of cognitive complexity.
Piglets are extremely fond of play, with wide and quite complex types of play involving other pigs and objects. Pigs commonly shake and carry objects (sticks, balls) and toss straw. They wave their head, scamper, jump, hop, paw, pivot, gambol, flop, play fight, push and run after each other (play tag), in a similar way to dogs (32).
According to the authors of a 2015 review of pig cognition, Lori Marino and Christina Colvin:
“Play in pigs not only satisfies a need for exploration and discovery, it is also critical for healthy development. Play is best stimulated by diverse, hands-on, and renewable objects and materials. So important is this need that insufficient opportunity to explore leads to behavioural abnormalities” (32).
Unsurprisingly, it has been documented that piglets born in farrowing crates do not develop socio-cognitively as well as those given freedom and an interesting environment; but also sadly, the crated piglets were emotionally depressed (32).

domain: biology


The Colorado Independent,2020
All Right Reserved.
A group of Republicans this afternoon will meet with reporters to protest the Democrats’ plans to eliminate tens of billions of dollars in government subsidies to private companies that lend to students. The Democrats’ bill would have students borrow directly from the U.S. Treasury, which makes sense to supporters because it’s the Treasury that currently assumes all the risk for those loans anyway — a boon to private companies that assume no risk. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that eliminating the private middleman will save $67 billion over the next decade, most of which will go toward expanding college scholarships to low-income students.


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Linked Data Explorer
Rawle and Henderson collection
- "The Rawle & Henderson collection consists of sixty-three law books kept by the firm, the earliest dating to 1800. There are published reports by William Rawle Jr. of cases heard by state Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, as well as copies of the Laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1700-1805. Additional volumes include "Paper Books" that contain reports and papers from specific cases worked by Rawle & Henderson from the 1920s to the 1950s, including several that involved the National Labor Relations Board. There are also three miscellaneous books, including a copy of American Maritime Cases (1932), for which Joseph Henderson served as an associate editor."
- "Trials, litigation, etc"
- "Rawle and Henderson collection"

domain: law


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Kingfisher and Bamboo
Formerly attributed to Sesshū Tōyō 雪舟等楊 Japanese
Not on view
Sesshū Tōyō was a highly celebrated medieval Japanese painter specializing in Chinese-style ink painting, and works in his style remained in high demand for centuries after his death at the beginning of the sixteenth century. This nineteenth-century forgery entered The Met's collection in 1914 along with nearly two hundred other Japanese and Chinese artworks from the collection of Charles Stewart Smith (1832–1909), a Trustee of the Museum. Smith was primarily a collector of European paintings but also acquired a large number of Japanese and Chinese works of art during the last two decades of his life, after he and his third wife honeymooned in Japan in 1892.
This artwork is meant to be viewed from right to left. Scroll left to view more.

domain: artistic


text:
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Gray Malin’s collection of incredible beach photography was a runaway hit. Now the it-photographer takes his astonishing photography beyond the beach. Collecting breathtaking images, journal entries, and behind-the-scenes anecdotes, Escape explores Gray Malin’s enduring drive to capture life’s joyful moments. These awe-inspiring images of exotic locales from around the world are a celebration of light, shadow, and absolute bliss. Whether trained on the snowy mountains of Aspen, the dry plains of Namibia, or the warm sun of Bora Bora, Malin’s sharp eye highlights the exuberant colors and striking forms that make each location so unique. Featuring more than 22 destinations across 11 countries, the book also includes highlights from Malin’s conceptual photography, offer ing a comprehensive look at the photographer’s desire to showcase the beauty he sees in the world. From remote islands to major cities, Escape captures the spirit of dozens of unbelievable vacation spots-and will inspire every lover of travel and exploration to plan an escape of their own.
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domain: hobby