As climate concerns grow, the nation’s aging housing stock is receiving more attention. Older homes, especially those built to pre-1980s building codes, are considerably less energy efficient than homes built after the year 2000.
With more than half of the owner-occupied homes in the U.S. built before 1980 and roughly 38% built before 1970, meaningful reductions in home energy use will depend on retrofits of these older structures. The push to diminish greenhouse gas emissions will create opportunities for remodelers as policymakers recognize that meaningful energy-use reductions cannot be achieved unless we update older homes.
Homes built before the 2000 International Residential Code and subsequent editions are not as energy-efficient as homes built today. As remodelers retrofit those homes for energy efficiency, they also improve their resistance to natural disasters.
The median age of owner-occupied homes is 39 years but varies across states, according to NAHB economists.
New York has the oldest owner-occupied homes with a median age of 60 years, with other New England states hovering near 55 years. Newer housing stock is mostly concentrated in Sun Belt states.
The Northeast also has the worst climate, according to 2022 NAHB Remodelers Chair Kurt Clason, owner of Clason Remodeling Co. in Ossipee, N.H. Clason says there are houses he walks into where you can almost feel a steady breeze. Every remodel in his area has had some phase of an energy upgrade.
Energy Spending is Up
An analysis of government data by the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies shows spending on energy-sensitive remodeling is a large, growing share of the home improvement market. The data, presented at the Remodeling Futures Conference in Boston this April, shows younger and higher-income homeowners are among those most likely to make energy-efficiency upgrades.
RELATED: What is a Deep Energy Retrofit?
Clason and NAHB Remodelers member Bill Owens, president and CEO of Owens Construction Contracting Co. in Worthington, Ohio, attended the Remodeling Futures Conference. Both agree that younger homeowners are embracing the idea of energy upgrades and are more conscious of the idea of global warming. They also tend to take their return on investment more seriously.
Rising energy costs are also driving interest in energy retrofits. While most consumers have seen the surging prices at the gas pump, many are now also seeing the cost of electricity and natural gas on the rise.
Owens says the last time he saw such an increase in the number of projects looking at doing a fuel assessment and energy-efficiency updates was 2005 when gasoline prices surged to over $4 a gallon. The latest Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows the gasoline index alone rose more than 18% in March and contributed to more than half of the Consumer Price Index’s monthly rise.
According to the Department of Energy, homeowners spend more than $100 billion annually on major remodeling projects, including envelope replacement projects. Concerns about climate change and growing angst about rising energy costs are driving interest in a wide range of home retrofits and updates.
Keep up to date on the market opportunities at nahb.org


text:
Yes. CBD inhibits the cytochrome P450 enzyme, which is involved in metabolizing many drugs. Compounds in grapefruit inhibit the same enzyme group, which is why physicians advice patients not to eat grapefruit shortly before or after taking a medication. By inhibiting cytochrome P450, CBD can either reduce or increase the effects of other drugs. In some situations, it may be advisable for a physician to monitor a patient’s blood levels of other medications while taking CBD. See CBD-Drug Interactions: The Role of Cytochrome P450 for more information.
THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO CBD
By the Editors of Reader’s Digest & Project CBD: Everything You Need to Know About What It Helps, Where to Buy It, and How to Take It.

domain: biology


text:
Mother upset after son wanders away from day care
A Passaic County mother says that she is furious after her nearly 4-year-old son wandered away from a Paterson day care.
Chanae Coleman says that her 3-year-old son Jay’lani Thompson walked out of Camp YDP day care with another little girl Monday afternoon. They were found in a parking lot across the street.
“Somehow, someway, he walked down two flights of steps, past the reception area where someone sits, down another steps, across the street into the health center,” Coleman says. “They were in the health center playing around with the cars.”
People inside the health center found the two toddlers in the parking lot and called police.
Coleman says that the day care did not even call her to let her know about the incident. She says that she has no idea how long her son was out alone.
“All they could tell me was that they were sorry,” Coleman says. “All I could think about is, what if my son would have got hit by a car? What if he would have got shot?”
Jay’lani and the little girl were not injured. But Coleman says that her son will not be going back to that day care again.
“There’s no way to make it better, because if something were to happen to him, I would have been the mourning mom,” she says.
Coleman says that she is hoping to find another day care or rely on family members to babysit the toddler. She says that she will be contacting an attorney.
News 12 New Jersey did reach out to Camp YDP, but did not hear back.

domain: sociology


Battle: 'N Sync Vs. Backstreet BoysThis week's battle tosses the two boy bands, 'N Sync and Backstreet Boys, into the battle ring. Even though we don't listen to their music, it's impossible to ignore these pop sensations. Since they fall in the same category of music, and may be fighting for the same fans, we decided to do them a favor and call the shots for them.
While the members of both bands look like they're the product of "trendiness gone wrong", the Backstreet Boys win this one. A.J., Nick, Brian, Kevin, and Howie (boy, are we ashamed to even know their names!) each have their own distinct style, comprising of everything from Nike sportswear to Armani suits. They know how to mix trends with class, while 'N Sync's mesh shirts and velvet jeans are just trendy overkill.
|Most Likely To Inspire A Bar Room Brawl|
Hey, this is 'N Sync and Backstreet Boys we're talking about, not Eminem and Kid Rock! If they got into any barroom brawls, their managers would probably ensure that the public never hears about it.
|Most Likely To Be Seen In A Strip Club|
'N Sync takes this one by default. With two of the Backstreet Boys now Backstreet husbands, chances are that the remaining 3 single members would be seen in a strip club. Furthermore, Justin Timberlake of 'N Sync is presently dating Britney Spears, who just showed off her stripper attire at last week's MTV Video Music Awards. The rest of the 'N Sync members would go to a strip club just to get some of what Justin is getting every night.
|Who Would You Rather Listen To?|
Backstreet Boys sing too many ballads for our taste, songs that our girlfriends want us to quote to make them feel special. We can't deny that we belt out the words to 'N Sync's catchy pop songs. And "Bye, Bye, Bye", now those are great words for us to use for our girlfriends...
|One On One|
These guys are much more built than the members of 'N Sync, and can probably take them on in any back street they want to hang out in. Britney and Christina; now those are two pop stars we'd like to see in a one-on-one.
McDonald's sponsors 'N Sync while Burger King is sponsoring the Backstreet Boys. We'd take a lifetime supply of Big Macs over Whoppers any day.
|Which Would You Rather Have As A Friend?|
While both groups have broken album record sales, 'N Sync has proved that they can overcome managerial problems, and are now flying high with their latest album, No Strings Attached. Who are we kidding; we just want to be invited to Britney Spears' birthday party.
When JC, Joey, Lance, Chris, and Justin came along last year, it almost made people wonder whether they were riding on the coattails of the Backstreet Boys' success. Truth is, the 'N Syncers have been around for years now. They know how to market themselves; they appeal to adults with their duet with Gloria Estefan; their videos are great without being cheesy (they even have doll versions of themselves dancing with Barbie dolls); and they have album record sales. They are the declared champs, but we'll have to see what happens when the Backstreet Boys return this fall...


text:
Dungeon Crawl Classics Roleplaying Game Hardcover Standard Edition
Goodman Games(based on 2 ratings)
Limited Edition #3 Hardcover
Limited Edition Wizard Cover
Add PDF $24.99
Limited Edition Unavailable
Glory & Gold Won by Sorcery & Sword
You’re no hero.
You’re a reaver, a cutpurse, a heathen-slayer, a tight-lipped warlock guarding long-dead secrets. You seek gold and glory, winning it with sword and spell, caked in the blood and filth of the weak, the dark, the demons, and the vanquished. There are treasures to be won deep underneath, and you shall have them.
Return to the glory days of fantasy with the Dungeon Crawl Classics Role Playing Game. Adventure as 1974 intended you to, with modern rules grounded in the origins of sword & sorcery. Fast play, cryptic secrets, and a mysterious past await you: turn the page...
(go to main product page)
Limited Edition: Unavailable
Are there errors or omissions in this product information? Got corrections? Let us know at email@example.com.
Product Reviews (2)
Agents of Shield,
Should I / How should I punish this cleric?,
Character not Showing Up in Current Campaigns,
Battle of the Shapeshifters (the Game),
Ssyvan's WotR Campaign Journal,
What books are you currently reading?,
Battle of Surrender?,
House Rule: Buffing the Crossbow. What's the best approach.,
Occultist Implements & Resonant powers,

domain: game


text:
The Chamber and our Greater Omaha Economic Development Partnership are cheering another clear sign of economic momentum in our community.
R&R Realty Group (R&R) cut the ribbon this week on its first building in the Omaha area – a 250,000 sq. ft. speculative warehouse at the intersection of Gold Coast Road and Highway 50 in Sarpy County. The warehouse is the largest of its kind in the area and the first of four buildings planned for a new R&R Commerce Park, an 80-acre site that will eventually house more than 1,000,000 sq. ft. of total building space.
“This building is the beginning of a new chapter for both R&R as a company and Omaha as a community,” says Mike Homa, President of R&R Realty’s Nebraska division. “Since construction began, we have received several inquiries from users new to Omaha, which will benefit our local economy.”
The Sarpy County Economic Development Corporation (SCEDC) worked closely with R&R to facilitate its entry into the Greater Omaha market. SCEDC Executive Director Andrew Rainbolt helped bring the property owner and R&R together.
“I had been working with R&R’s real estate broker in search of just this kind of property. I knew this would be a good fit for them, and I simply made the connection,” he says.
Homa says R&R plans to a long-term investor in the Omaha market and “this building is the first step of that journey.”
Founded in 1985, family-owned R&R is one of the largest commercial real estate companies in the Midwest.
Sarpy County Economic Development Corporation
Hundreds of employers have already discovered why Sarpy County is the right choice to grow their business and we can prove it.

domain: news


Alex Vicory is a rising American pop star and dancer, most recently featured in Lady Gaga's Monster Ball Tour. As a graduate of The Julliard School, he is known for his excellent technique in contemporary dance. It is speculated that Vicory is the subject of Lady Gaga's "Alejandro."
I wish I had Alex Vicory's moves!
by bweber October 01, 2010
Can you define these popular missing words?


A new lifestyle hub has opened at 839 W 79th Street in Auburn Gresham after many years of work and community outreach. Located just west of the intersection with S Halsted Street, the new project revitalized an abandoned existing commercial building that was once home to a department store. Led by the Greater Auburn Gresham Development Corporation, it was originally introduced in 2020 with local firm McBride Kelley Baurer (MKB) responsible for the design of the development.
Updated details have been revealed for the mixed-use development at 330 N Green Street in Fulton Market. Located just north of the intersection with W Wyman Street, the project replaces an empty lot that once held the Coyne College building. Developer Sterling Bay also built the structure across the street at 333 N Green Street as well as the one to the north at 360 N Green Street. Being one of the main driving forces in the neighborhood, they have partnered with Gensler for the new design of the building which was originally proposed a few years back.
This week, the “Dead by Design” series of cancelled Chicago towers will focus its spotlight on One North Wacker Drive, an 83-story office tower in The Loop. In 1989, real estate developer Harvey Walken first proposed the 1,276-foot edifice, which at the time would have made it fourth tallest in the world behind only the Sears (now Willis) Tower and New York’s twin towers.
Initial details have been revealed for a new mixed-use development at 415 N Sangamon Street in the West Loop. Located on the corner with W Kinzie Street directly across from the upcoming Guinness Brewery, the new proposal will incorporate the existing multi-story structure on site and occupy the adjacent vacant lot. The developer Fortem Voluntas Partners is led by ex-Sterling Bay leasing agent Joy Jordan. According to Crain’s, they have partnered up with local architecture firm Eckenhoff Saunders on the design of the sleek new tower.
Much of the exterior scaffolding has now been removed from the 24-story Old Republic Building in The Loop, revealing the extensive nature of its facade restoration. The 325-foot-tall Classic Revival office tower at 307 N Michigan Avenue was originally planned by the Bell and Zoller Coal Company and designed by Vitzthum & Burns.


2013 Hennessey Ford Velociraptor SUV
|---- Specifications ----|
|Engine||6.2 liter V8||Weight||--|
|HP/Liter||96.8 hp per liter||1/4 mile||--|
|0-60 mph||5.9 seconds||Top Speed||--|
(from Hennessey Press Release) Introducing the Hennessey® VelociRaptor® SUV
SEALY, Texas – Hennessey Performance (HPE) has announced that it is offering its VelociRaptor SUV conversion. Based on the Ford F-150 Raptor, the team from HPE transforms SVT’s super crew cab pick-up truck into a full-sized sport-utility vehicle (SUV) with seating for up to 8 people.
“Over the past three years we have built nearly 400 upgraded Raptor trucks for enthusiasts around the world”, said Don Goldman, CEO of Hennessey Performance. “We are now very excited to be able to offer the VelociRaptor SUV to those who like the Raptor but want more seats and space.”
All of the factory Ford Raptor truck components and systems are kept in tact. At this time, Hennessey Performance has not yet had an opportunity to test the off-road capabilities of the VelociRaptor SUV. Thus, the company suggests that buyers should intend using this vehicle for on-road as well as light to moderate off-road duties. “Don’t plan on pre-running Baja or negotiating Rubicon with our SUV – that is not why we built it”, said company founder, John Hennessey. But, if you’re looking for the ultimate vehicle to drive from Aspen to Telluride in January, the VelociRaptor SUV would be perfect.”
The VelociRaptor SUV base price is $159,500 and production is going to be limited to just 30 units per year. The same 6.2L 411 bhp Ford V8 powers the entry level SUV while Hennessey also offers their VelociRaptor 600 Supercharged upgrade at an additional cost. Other optional upgrades include: Brembo front brake upgrade, larger wheels and tires, LED lighting upgrades, bespoke interior and electronic upgrades. Security and armoring systems are also available.
While vehicle weight is increased by approximately 600 lbs, the standard 411 bhp SUV is able to achieve 0-60 mph times of 7.5 seconds. Bumping power to 600 bhp with the VelociRaptor 600 Supercharged upgrade will drop the 0-60 mph time to 5.9 seconds. AMG G-Wagon and Range Rover owners beware.
The Hennessey VelociRaptor SUV can be ordered directly from Hennessey Performance or through select Hennessey / Ford dealers.
For more information about the VelociRaptor® SUV, including optional upgrades and pricing, please contact a Hennessey client services representative at +1.979.885.1300 or email email@example.com


text:
Just for fun, I uploaded my previous design (now called Hairy Mary) to Spoonflower. It can become fabric, gift wrap and here is what it might look like as wallpaper. How cool is that!
I still have to work out how I make this available for people to actual buy it but it’s there ready and waiting. Woohoo.

domain: design


text:
Researchers from University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center have discovered that nanoparticles could be a solution to making breast cancer treatments more effective as it can slow down tumor growth, sensitize cancer cells and stop breast cancer from spreading.
The study, entitled "Overcoming Tamoxifen Resistance of Human Breast Cancer by Targeted Gene Silencing using Multifunctional pRNA Nanoparticles" published in the journal ACS Nano, says that the scientists have developed multifunctional RNA nanoparticles that can overcome breast cancer treatment resistance.
Using a nanodelivery system, the researchers target the MED1, a protein that triggers tumor growth, and HER-2 positive breast cancer. They also used tamoxifen to sensitize the cancer cells.
"Most breast cancers express estrogen receptors, and the anti-estrogen drug tamoxifen has been widely used for their treatment. Unfortunately, up to half of all estrogen receptor-positive tumors are either unresponsive or later develop resistance to the therapy. In this study, we have developed a highly innovative design that takes advantage of the co-overexpression of HER2 and MED1 in these tumors," Xiaoting Zhang, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Cancer Biology at the UC College of Medicine and lead author of the study, said via Science Daily.
The nanoparticle that Zhang and his team created is powerful enough to "selectively bind to HER2-overexpressing breast tumors." Through this, MED1 was significantly decreased. The team administered these bio-safe nanoparticles to animals for the study.
"These nanoparticles also led to a dramatic reduction in the cancer stem cell content of breast tumors when combined with tamoxifen treatment. Cancer stem cells, as you know, are tumor-causing cells that are known to play essential roles in tumor spread, recurrence and therapy resistance. Eliminating these cells could represent an improved and more desirable treatment strategy for breast cancer patient," Zhang said.
Zhang said that the new discovery leads to more effective clinical treatment of breast cancer, but further research is still needed.
© 2021 NatureWorldNews.com All rights reserved. Do not reproduce without permission.


- 449,99 zł
The industry-standard introductory guide on analyzing real estate markets, the third edition of Real Estate Market Analysis provides a comprehensive update of previous editions. It offers practical “how-to” methods for evaluating several property types. In addition to highlighting demographic trends and explaining recognized research and analysis methods, the third edition provides updated and expanded guides to information sources, both national and local. It captures a transformative decade's worth of market changes, allowing students, practicing real estate professionals, and government officials to understand how to inspect proposed development sites, evaluate competitive properties, conduct interviews, and find relevant data.Topics covered include the purpose, content, and users of market studies; how to define market areas; analyzing demand and supply; finding, interpreting, and presenting economic and demographic data; and understanding the ever-changing characteristics of several property types, including residential (both for-sale and rental), retail, office, industrial/warehouse, hotels, and mixed-use development.Highlights of the third edition include:• Ways to track trends and find current information on employment, labor force, and population/households that form the basis of demand analysis.• Perspectives on property supply/demand conditions available from trade and professional associations, real estate companies, government agencies, and private vendors.• New examples (tables, charts, and maps) illustrating ways to organize and present information.• Discussion of trends affecting housing demand (owning versus renting; changes in home prices and rents; the physical characteristics of new housing); construction activity; and specialty products (senior housing, student housing; affordable housing).• Comments on the growing importance of co-working office space.• Identification of new hotel brands and features that cater to millennials.• Highlighting how changing shopping preferences affect retail space demand.• An expanded focus on warehouse/distribution property types (including “last-mile” delivery facilities), in response to the growth of e-commerce.• A revised and expanded webliography listing up-to-date sources of information available on the internet for each property segment – both free of charge and on a subscription basis.


text:
2001, ISBN: 1855857553
[EAN: 9781855857551], Gebraucht, sehr guter Zustand, [PU: Collins & Brown, London], QUILTS, QUILTING, NEEDLECRAFTS, CRAFTS, MAGGI MCCORMICK GORDON, 448 pages. Softcover. Very good condition. CRAFTS. A comprehensive gallery of classic quilts, from Amish to Baltimore and Log Cabin to Nine Patch. A library of trace-off motifs to use again and again. A full range of techniques shown in easy-to-follow step-by-step sequences. Includes an Index. (Key Words: Quilts, Quilting, Needlecrafts, Crafts, Maggi McCormick Gordon).
Ad Infinitum Books, Mount Vernon, NY, U.S.A.  [Rating: 4 (von 5)]
NOT NEW BOOK Shipping costs: EUR 23.10
This title features several hundred quilted, appliqued or pieced items that fall into the category of quilt. There is a gallery of classic quilts from Amish to Baltimore and Log Cabin to Nine Patch; a range of techniques in easy-to-follow step-by-step sequences; and a library of trace-off motifs.
Nr. M01855857553 Shipping costs:, 3, DE. (EUR 3.00)
[EAN: 9781855857551], Gebraucht, guter Zustand, [PU: Collins & Brown], Crafts & Hobbies|Quilts & Quilting, Book has some visible wear on the binding, cover, pages.
Sierra Nevada Books, Reno, NV, U.S.A.  [Rating: 5 (von 5)]
NOT NEW BOOK Shipping costs: EUR 5.77
2001, ISBN: 9781855857551
Collins & Brown, 2001. VG to VG-/na. Softcover. Some rubbing & edgewear; few creases; overall clean & tight. Well illustrated. 448 pages. Keywords: 1855857553, Collins & Brown, 2001
The Book Junction
Shipping costs: EUR 21.31
Used, Very Good. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Shipped quickly.
Winter Ventures Inc
Shipping costs: EUR 13.54
The Ultimate Quilting Book: Over 1,000 Inspirational Ideas and Practical Tips
Details of the book - The Ultimate Quilting Book: Over 1,000 Inspirational Ideas and Practical Tips
EAN (ISBN-13): 9781855857551
ISBN (ISBN-10): 1855857553
Publishing year: 1999
Publisher: Collins & Brown
Book in our database since 11.04.2007 14:33:15
Book found last time on 17.06.2016 19:06:51
ISBN - alternate spelling:
< to archive...
- "The Ultimate Decorating Book. Over 1,000 Decorating Ideas for All the Rooms in Your House", from "Spours, Judy" (1855857537)
- "Henry Moore. My Ideas, Inspiration and Life as an Artist.", from "Henry] [Moore" (185585757X)
- "Lillian Too's Easy to Use Feng Shui for Love: 168 Ways to Success", from "Lillian Too" (1855857588)
- "Astrology for living", from "Sasha Fenton" (1855857510)
- "How to Paint Murals and Trompe l'Oeil", from "Victoria Ellerton" (1855857596)
- ""Country Living" Celebrations", from "Sharon Amos" (1855857502)

domain: library


What is it?
Archetypal old-stager based on a design by Lotus founder Colin Chapman 50-odd years ago, the Seven is a two-seat tub with wheels. Stripped and spartan, it remains a seminal driving experience for those interested in driving rather than simply travelling.
Equipped with modern engines and brakes, plus a kerbweight of (usually) around 550kg, the Seven can scare even the most outrageously powerful supercars – helped in part by modest dimensions and steering that connects direct to your brain. Versions range from the undercooked to the ridiculous. Basic £22,995 125bhp 1.6 Ford Sigma up to the 2.3-litre Cosworth-powered CSR with 260bhp costing £44,995, or the even more extreme Superlight R500, which pumps out 263bhp from a 2.0-litre Duartec in a 506kg car. That’s 520bhp per tonne, fact fans. Uncomfortable, cramped and noisy, with a devastatingly crappy fabric hood arrangement that’s harder to put up than a broken tent, it remains a TG favourite.
As with anything very light, the Seven is connected in a way that a big, powerful supercar can never be. Unassisted steering means that the information fed back through your palms about what the front wheels are doing is exceptional, and sitting next to the back axle means that you can react very quickly to slides or movement. Sitting next to the back axle also means that you’ll feel every single pimple on the road, lose the feeling in your legs and be low enough to be lost under a decently-sized artic, but you pays your money…
On the inside
The inside of Caterham’s little car is basic and can be described as classic. Flat dash, dials, wheel, pedals. It’s tight in there (less so if you option the ‘SV’ slightly wide-body chassis) and not comfortable. The roof is a horror, and in winter you’ll slowroast your left thigh against the transmission tunnel while getting frostbite from the gaps in the fabric doors. There’s not much more to it than that.
Even though the Seven remains the most basic of sports cars, on the right day, and when the sun is shining and the right set of bends has opened up, there’s nothing quite like it. Your eyeballs will vibrate, your back vertebrae will fuse, but your smile will be almost rictus. Manage to tame one of the really quick versions and you’ll be crowned a hero – the R500 is possibly one of the most sickeningly rapid cars around a track, though the CSR is nearly as quick and much easier to live with. Go for the six-speed sequential gearbox option on the R500 whenever you can. It’s worth it. Insurance and tax depend on engines, so it’s worth checking out what you can get for the cash.


text:
The mix of natural paper with a high quality finish works wonders. These bags are 100% recyclable, they are the ultimate eco-friendly luxury paper bag. We can offer the same additional print finishes and choice of handles as our other luxury bags.
Onion skin paper, with its fine material, is a tool that is generally used for decoration in packaging. Apart from its standard sizes and designs, it is an effective aid for creative packaging work.
Laminated Luxury Cardboard Bag
Luxury laminated bags are made from high quality coated board with a reinforced top and base to offer added strength and durability and ensure the highest quality. We offer a wide range of finishes and handles to make a truly luxury bag.


In 2015 Ruger turned the shooting world on its head with the introduction of the Ruger Precision Rifle. Since then they have introduced it in some really great calibers like 6.5 Creedmoor. In this episode of TFB TV, Patrick takes the Ruger Precision Rifle out to the range and really stretches its legs. At 1200 yards, the 6.5 Creedmoor makes shooting distance much easier than it has ever been before. With a 24″ barrel and a 1:8 twist to the rifling, the Precision Rifle stabilizes a wide range of bullets. The RPR has some wonderful features normally reserved for some rather high-end rifles, and it is kinda cool that they are available to the public at an attainable price.
Patrick wants to extend his thanks to Ryan E. for the use of the land as well as Robert from Alamo Precision Rifles for spotting for us.
Thanks to our sponsors:
Ventura Munitions – Retailer of quality ammunition.
Hoppe’s No. 9 – A worldwide favorite since 1903


text:
Public Art Reston’s mission is to inspire an ongoing commitment to public art and create a new generation of public artworks in Reston. It imagines public art throughout Reston that inspires the community and engages the mind and senses. Public Art Reston with its founding community partners to commission temporary and permanent public artworks in Reston. For a complete list of public artworks in the community, visit our online gallery .
Learn more: https://publicartreston.org/

domain: artistic


Fresnel equations specify the amplitude coefficients for transmission and reflection at the interface between two transparent homogeneous media:
For example, ts is the amplitude transmission coefficient for s polarization; the transmitted amplitude is that factor times the incident amplitude in that case (disregarding any phase changes for transmission in the media). n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media. The corresponding propagation angles (measured against the normal direction) are θ1 and θ2 (see Figure 1).
For example, the amplitude transmission coefficient is ts for s polarization, i.e., if the electric field vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
The power reflection coefficients are obtained simply by taking the modulus squared of the corresponding amplitude coefficients. For the transmission, one must add a factor (n2 cos θ2) / (n1 cos θ1) in order to take into account the different propagation angles.
Figure 2 shows in an example case how the reflectivity of the interface depends on the angle of incidence and the polarization. The reflection coefficient vanishes for p polarization if the angle of incidence is Brewster's angle (here: ≈55.4°).
For the simplest case with normal incidence on the interface, the power reflectivity (which is the modulus squared of the amplitude reflectivity) can be calculated with the following equation:
Application to Absorbing Media
Fresnel equations can also be applied to absorbing media, including metals. In that case, a complex refractive index needs to be used; the imaginary part is related to the absorbance. The reflection and transmission coefficients are then generally no more real numbers.
A difficulty occurs concerning the calculation of power transmission in cases with non-normal incidence. The above mentioned correction factor for taking into account the different propagation angles will be complex, but the power transmission factor would of course have to be a real number. The problem is related to the fact that the optical intensity is no longer constant along the wavefronts.


text:
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TRIMONT HIP-HOP SINGERS
Looking to book a Hip-Hop Singer for a live performance at your event? You’re in luck! GigMasters has a number of talented Hip-Hop Singers available for bookings in and around the Trimont, MN area. Start your search here.
Please note these Hip-Hop Singers will also travel to Ormsby, Welcome, Odin, Sherburn, Northrop, Butterfield, Truman, Fairmont, La Salle, Saint James, Alpha, Dunnell, Ceylon, Mountain Lake, Jackson, Lewisville, Granada, Bingham Lake, Darfur, Dolliver, Wilder, Windom, Lakefield, Superior, Madelia, Comfrey, Estherville, Gruver, Huntley, Winnebago


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Sony adds a new handset to its midrange lineup with the Xperia M4 Aqua which the company just revealed at the MWC 2015. The M4 Aqua echoes the OmniBalance design in plastic that is found in the Z3 and seemed to have done it well. Tipping the scale at 136g, the new handset is arguably lighter albeit with features that don't compromise its performance.
Similar with its waterproof siblings, the M4 Aqua remains protected even when immersed under water by up to 5 ft. within a period of 30 minutes. It has an earned rating of IP68 and is also dust-resistant. One thing that's new about the handset is an all-new microUSB port which is designed to be independent of a plug-in. This adds more convenience and some peace of mind knowing that the phone is protected from the first day of usage even if the unboxing part is done underwater.
The M4 Aqua sports a 5.2-inch 720p IPS display and runs on the new Snapdragon 615 chipset with an octa-core Cortex-A53 processor of 64 bits. It's also packed with Adreno 405 graphics and a RAM of 2GB. The processor delivers a quartet of Cortex-A53 cores clocked at 1.5GHz and another quartet that ticks at 1.0GHz.
Selfie and groupie geeks can take advantage of the handset's rear 13MP camera that comes with a LED flash and the front 5MP snapper. It comes with the Superior Auto Mode that's also found on the Xperia Z lineup. The Superior Auto Mode, otherwise known as "point and shoot," allows the user to take impressive images without having to worry about the phone's manual controls. It's even equipped to handle images in low-lit conditions with its fast, f/2.0 lens that comes with maximum ISO sensitivity which is 3200 boosted.
Other notable specs include an expandable storage of up to 16GB, 4G LTE connectivity and Android 5.0 Lollipop. It successfully kept the spirit of the new Material Design found in most Android devices by stressing a "distinctive minimalist approach to user interface, interactions and native apps."
Sony touts the M4 Aqua as a powerful device that can last up to two full days of normal usage. Powered by a 2400mAh battery, Sony has equipped the handset with the STAMINA Mode 5.0 battery saving software for a stretched out power supply which can work well in power-draining situations.
The Xperia M4 Aqua is scheduled to hit the store shelves in spring and will come in four colors: white, black, coral and silver. The price tag is speculated to reach around $330.


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Jan 12, 2021
Mulch is an organic substance that gives prettier and healthier plantings to your home garden. There are many benefits associated with mulching to your soil as it keeps it moist in warm environments and conserves the quantity of water in soil too. It also suppresses weed growth in your garden which you definitely want at a place like your home garden. It is necessary for keeping the soil moisture constant for healthy growth of plants. It does so by breaking down and holding the moisture for soil. The best time of the season for mulching is early spring and mid-summer. And an interesting tip for mulching is as soon as it breaks down, it is the best time to top the soil up.
There are various types of mulches that are beneficial for your home garden but here we are enlisting top 5 mulches that best suits your soil:
1. Compost: It is best in a sense that it controls the evaporation rate of soil at its best which is very suitable for adding humus to the soil. That is why it might be more expensive than other types of mulches. You can simply spread it in your garden and apply it as deep as 40mm.
2. Pea straw: This kind of mulch is ideal when you are growing roses, flowers, vegetables, shrubs and fruit trees. It acts as an insulator for the roots of plants and protects them from weather extremes. It breaks quickly so it needs to be topped every day and that is why it is a good stimulator for growth.
3. Sugar cane mulch: As the name indicates it is made from dried sugar cane leaves and is less expensive and readily available in stores. It is good for vegetable gardens and also breaks down quickly to stimulate the soil organism for better growth.
4. Barks and woodchips: It takes a longer time to break down thus does not need to apply as often. It is more used around established plants like trees and shrubs where soil improvement is not that necessary as compared to baby plants.
5. Pebbles and gravels: It is the most long-lasting mulch ever. It best suits the types of plants as succulents and Mediterranean-type as it controls soil evaporation.

domain: agronomy


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Skipton Golf Club officials teed up for 2023 season
A new team of officials have taken up their roles at Skipton Golf Club with Bob Jarman named men’s captain, Lorraine Raeburn retaining the role of ladies captain for the 2023 season, and Bill Simpson installed as president.
Born and raised locally, Bob has lived all his life within 10 miles of Skipton Golf Club and his current residence can just be seen from the third green. He was a member of Silsden Golf Club for more than 30 years and on its closure, along with a number of his friends, joined Skipton in 2019. He has become an active member of the club, playing most weekends and acting as competition secretary – a role he will continue in during his year as captain. Off the course, his role as a project manager in the construction Industry takes across the country.
On his election at a special general meeting this month, Bob paid tribute to his predecessor Roger Moore, and Sylvia Eastwood – whom he said had proved a figurehead in her role as the club’s first-ever female president.
Bob said: “I can only say that following the sad closure of Silsden Golf Club how welcome myself and other former Silsden members have been made to feel here at Skipton. I look forward to supporting the various sections and hope their teams will have a successful year in their respective leagues, as well as the many friendly matches already planned. I will also be offering my support as to our greens committee and the great team running the bar and catering facilities – hopefully we can get the social side of the club better supported and any ideas anyone may have will be greatly appreciated. We really do have a great club and I truly believe with a little effort from us all there is no reason why we cannot go from strength to strength both on and off the course.”
Meanwhile, Lorraine joined the club with husband, Colin, in 2015 – retiring after working as a residential conveyancing executive at a local firm of solicitors four years later. She has two children and four grandchildren, two of whom also have an interest in golf and are currently taking lessons. She says she hopes to continue the good work of previous lady captains, promoting interest and competition in the ladies section and hopefully encouraging new members to join.
Both Bob and Lorraine will continue to support their predecessors’ chosen charity, Sue Ryder Manorlands Hospice in Oxenhope, with various fundraising activities planned during their year in office.
Finally, Bill joined Skipton Golf Club in 2005, a couple of years after retiring from full-time employment – playing mostly with the seniors and helping to organise friendlies. In 2018 he was invited to become vice-captain, then served as captain in 2019.
Football is Bill’s other main interest, and he will be combining his role in golf with his work as chairman of the Craven Football League. He has been involved in local football for more than 50 years as an administrator, referee and season ticket holder, most recently at Bradford City.
He said: “Being asked to become president for 2023 is an incredible honour and I hope to be able to represent the club well and continue the excellent work of past presidents. Skipton Golf Club has improved in many aspects since I joined and hopefully, with the other staff and volunteers, we can keep this going.”
Former men’s captain Ian Sewell has taken over from Jim Fox as chairman, with Ollie Burton selected as men’s vice-captain. Other section captains are Sean Lemon (scratch team), Jonathan Smith (rabbits), Ethan Wilson, (juniors), Gordon Whinkup (8-15 team) and Richard Spencer (seniors).


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Georgia Governor Brian Kemp signed an executive order extending the state’s shelter-in-place for the “medically fragile” and extended the state’s public health state of emergency through June 12.
The statewide shelter-in-place for all citizens expired Thursday, April 30 at 11:59 p.m., however, Kemp encourages citizens to continue to stay at home whenever possible.
“The health and well-being of Georgians are my top priorities, and my decisions are based on data and advice from health officials,” Kemp said. “I will do what is necessary to protect the lives – and livelihoods – of our people. I will formally extend our public health state of emergency through June 12, 2020 to continue enhanced testing across Georgia, ramp up contact tracing, and maintain effective emergency response operations in every region.
Those who must continue to shelter in place through June 12 include:
•People who are 65 years of age or older;
•People living in a nursing home or long-term care facility;
•People with chronic lung disease;
•People with moderate to severe asthma;
•People with severe heart disease;
•People who are immunocompromised;
•People with Class III or severe obesity; and
•People with diabetes, liver disease, or chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis.
“In addition, I will order long-term care facilities – including nursing homes, personal care homes, assisted living facilities, and similar community living homes – to utilize enhanced infection control protocols, ensure safer living conditions, and protect residents and staff from coronavirus exposure,” he said.
While businesses across the state are re-opening, Kemp explained that each business must operate with strict social distancing and sanitation rules through May 13 to keep their employees and customers safe.
“Those rules vary by business type for a measured, health-driven approach,” he said.

domain: medical


After previously being a Japanese only exclusive character, Takamaru made his way to the US for the first time back in 2008 with the release of Super Smash Bros. Brawl, but merely as a in-game sticker. However, he really made a splash with the Wii U launch title Nintendo Land a couple years ago as a special mini-game based off his character. As a result, he was one of the most common characters people said they thought would appear in the next Super Smash Bros. However, he will not be in the game in quite the way people wanted.
In today’s Miiverse update from Masahiro Sakurai, it was revealed that Takamaru will be coming to Super Smash Bros., but as an Assist Trophy only.
- “Pic of the day. I, Takamaru, have waited many years to appear in Super Smash Bros.! Link, Samus, Pit, and I debuted in the same year! Multidirectional Pinwheel Knife Rook Attack!! (FYI, I’m an Assist Trophy.)”
Of course Sakurai announced this in his typical trolling fashion, with the Assist Trophy part being last. This now completely ruins some of the supposed “leaked” rosters that had surfaced in the past, so it’s a whole new ballgame once again with no one knowing who else we may get but the development team.
- This article was updated on:March 7th, 2018


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In this extensive nine article series I will outline the core principals behind modelling a business from a financial and operations perspective.
The type of modelling I prefer is less based around ‘grand thinking’ and more towards known costings, industry average performances and if at all possible actuals. To be perfectly blunt, this takes a lot of the speculation out of the equation.
The model normally is normally three years, although if I have a specific milestones for capital raising in mind I may increase this to five years. After the model has been completed the variables included can be amended to forecast and predict future performance.
Additionally, the beauty of the model is that it can easy be transformed into a P&L and management report.
OUTLINE OF THE MODEL
For the example portal business used on this website, the model will consist of the following 12 pages:
- RESULTS PAGE
- MONTHLY TRAVEL
- INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS MODEL
- CORPORATE SUBSCRIPTIONS MODEL
- REPORT SALES
- ADVERTISING SALES
- MARKETING PLAN
- CONTRIBUTOR PAYMENT MODEL
- HR COSTS
- ASSORTED COSTS
- BUDGET DETAIL
- CONTENT MATRIX
Now we have the structure for the model, let us build the model. For this I use Excel and logic.
This section outlines the attributes and methodology of each portion of the model used for the example business.
THE RESULTS PAGE
The results page operates as an overview of the business broken down by year. As a result, it is on this page that the annual totals for each of the individual pages are brought together and added up. Obviously, it goes without saying that depending upon your business model, the pages and attributes we are talking about here will change.
For example, your business might not sell banner inventory, it may instead sell delegate places. Alternatively, it might only have the one commercial model, be it monthly subscriptions, or e-commerce sales. In those (and indeed in all) cases simply edit to suit.
The attributes included on this page are as follows:
- INDIVIDUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS – BY YEAR
- CORPORATE SUBSCRIPTIONS – BY YEAR
- REPORT SALES – BY YEAR
- BANNER SALES – BY YEAR
- STOREFRONT SALES – BY YEAR
- LICENSING / PARTNERSHIPS – BY YEAR
- R&D GRANT – BY YEAR
- TOTAL REVENUE – BY YEAR
- EBIT $ – BY YEAR
- EBIT % – BY YEAR
- YoY REVENUE GROWTH
- YoY OPEX GROWTH
- YoY MARGIN GROWTH ($)
- YoY MARGIN GROWTH ($)
- ENTERPRISE VALUE – BY YEAR BASED ON REVENUE MULTIPLES
- ENTERPRISE VALUE – BY YEAR BASED ON EBITDA MULTIPLES
At the bottom of the page, I like to highlight each annual revenue breakdown as a pie chart.
Finally, I have always found that it is better to build this page after you have completed construction of all of the other pages. This page along with all the others within the workbook will be available to paying subscribers shortly.
In terms of describing the models, now we have completed this outline page, lets move on to the next page:
- Outline and Results page
- Monthly Travel
- Individual Subscriptions Model
- Corporate Subscriptions Model
- Report Sales Model
- Advertising Sales Model
- Marketing Plan and Model
- Contributor Payment Model
- The HR, Assorted Costs and Budget Detail pages

domain: economics


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Avoid forage seeding failures by using research-proven procedures. Seeding failures are costly, not only in seed and labor cost, but in providing inadequate feed the following year.
Adequate moisture, temperature, plant nutrients, air and light are necessary for plant growth. These may be affected by time of seeding, seedbed preparation, seed quality, analysis and amounts of fertilizer, fertilizer placement, and manipulation of competing species such as weeds and/or companion crops.
The most successful seedings are made during or just prior to periods of cool, moist weather. Most forages may be seeded in the early spring, late summer (Aug. 15 to Sept. 15), or mid-winter. Sow annual lespedeza and sweet clover only in mid-winter or early spring. Birdsfoot trefoil is usually spring seeded, but under optimum moisture conditions may be fall seeded before Aug. 31. Orchardgrass should not be fall sown except in the southern half of the state. Do not no-till seed alfalfa in the fall in south Missouri, due to potential stand loss caused by sclerotinia crown rot.
Make spring seedings as early as possible. These seedings are best made in one of the following ways:
- Seeded with spring oats and the oats harvested for pasture or hay. Experimental results indicate the combined yield of oats and forage make this a very economical way to establish new seedings; or
- Seed in late March, April or early May without a companion crop but using chemicals to control weeds. This is often the best way to establish birdsfoot trefoil in old bluegrass sods in northern Missouri.
When moisture is available, August and early September are ideal periods for seeding forages to harvest a full crop the next growing season. Fall seedings escape much weed competition and, if moisture is adequate, establish strong root systems for early growth in the spring.
Wheat may be used as a companion crop with fall seedlings. It not only helps control erosion but may be pastured in the fall. Spring growth also should be pastured or cut early for hay. If fall moisture is limited, the wheat may be sown and the legumes and grasses overseeded in late January or February.
Legumes and slick-seeded grasses such as timothy may be seeded in fall-sown grains during the winter. If the seed is broadcast in the small grain while the soil is frozen, the seed will be covered and good germination will occur. If seedings are delayed until late spring, band seeding the forages with a grain drill with additional phosphorus fertilizer will help them become established more quickly than if broadcast.
Forages winter-seeded in small grains may suffer from lack of moisture and light because of competition from the taller growing crop. In this case, pasturing or cutting the small grain for hay will increase the chances of getting a good stand in forages.
In most of Missouri, it is possible to plant small grain with the desired forage if it can be used as pasture or harvested for hay. Always use a wheat variety resistant to the Hessian fly. Most studies show that cover crops such as wheat reduce weeds, control erosion and furnish winter protection to young seedlings.
Small grains may suppress forage seedling growth if they are allowed to mature and are harvested for grain. But if they are removed early as hay or pasture, they will not interfere with seedling establishment. Used in this manner, wheat or oats will usually furnish the equivalent of 2 to 3 tons of hay, which can substantially offset much of the original seeding cost.
Reducing the seeding rate of wheat will not necessarily favor the new seeding. Stooling will equalize the stand of wheat from any reasonable variation in seeding rate. With spring sown oats, however, it is usually desirable to reduce the normal oat seeding rate by approximately one-third.
Winter barley, rye, and oats are less desirable than wheat as a companion crop because their heavy, early growth competes with the young seedlings.
A wheat or oats crop that is fertilized and managed for high grain yields is extremely competitive to young forage plants. If a history of forage seeding failure is present on farms that produce heavy grain yields, it may be necessary to make late summer seedings after grain harvest. Even with the new short wheat varieties, it is difficult to achieve both large grain yields and successful forage stands at the same time.
Forage seeding failures with spring oats harvested for grain do not occur as often as with wheat. However, failures happen often enough to warrant harvesting the oats crop for hay or pasture.
Seedings are usually made in one of three general ways:
- Conventional grain drill
- With some specialized type of cultipacker seeder.
Broadcasting is the least desirable seeding method, especially for late summer seedings, but probably is the most widely used. Efficiency of a broadcast seeding can be greatly increased by rolling or cultipacking the seedbed before and after the seed is planted. Cultipacking after seeding also will leave a surface that is less likely to crust than a smooth one.
Broadcasting can be a satisfactory method of sowing some grasses and most legumes on fall seeded small grains in mid-winter. Grasses with light, chaffy seeds are not recommended for mid-winter broadcast seeding. These seeds will not work their way down into the soil as well as smaller seeded legumes. A mid-winter seeding made when the soil is honey-combed with frost will soon be covered with sufficient soil for germination.
Forages may be seeded with a conventional grain drill equipped with a grass seeding attachment. These usually have short metal tubes that scatter the seed in front of the furrow openings. Seeds of similar size and weight may be mixed and seeded together. Lighter seed, such as orchardgrass and tall fescue, may sift to the top if mixed with heavier seed and require frequent mixing and stirring to obtain uniform distribution.
Bromegrass seed, which is light and chaffy, tends to bridge over seeder openings. It is sometimes mixed with oats or fertilizer and drilled through the grain box. Take care not to seed too deep if this method is used. If fertilizer is used with this method, avoid those high in nitrogen or potash because of danger to germination. High phosphate fertilizer such as 0-46-0 or 18-46-0 is ideal for this method of seeding.
Band seeding (Figure 1) has two advantages over broadcasting:
- Stands are stronger and more vigorous
- Seeding rates can be reduced by one-fourth
This seeding method usually results in a 30 to 50 percent increase in seedling survival, more vigorous plants, and higher initial yield.
The principle advantage of band seeding is that it is possible to place a layer of phosphate fertilizer directly under the band of seed. A thin layer of soil separates the seed from the fertilizer. This practice is especially helpful in low phosphate soils or where much of the plowed down fertilizer has been applied as rock phosphate.
Conversion to band seeding is relatively simple if the grain drill is equipped with a grass seeding attachment. The short tubes from the grass box are replaced with longer ones that are fastened behind the grain-fertilizer outlet. Grass and legume seed is placed directly over narrow bands of fertilizer and well behind the openers so that the seed is not buried too deeply. Attaching a cultipacker behind the drill to pack the soil following seeding is helpful. Remove drag chains when band seeding.
Several seeders are available that will seed and pack in one operation. Most of them consist of two sets of corrugated rollers with a seed box mounted on top of the frame directly between the two rollers. Seed is dropped between the corrugated rolls that pack the soil below the seed and then around it. These do an excellent job of seeding, primarily because they ensure a firm seedbed and even distribution of seed that is not sown too deeply in the soil.
Legume seedings may be made from late March through May if herbicides are used to control weeds. These herbicides include:
- Balan or Eptam, applied pre-plant incorporated, to control some broadleaf and grass weeds.
- Post, applied post-emergence to control various grasses, and
- 2,4-DB, applied post-emergence to control some immature broadleaf weeds.
The use of grass herbicides such as Balan, Eptam and Poast prevent seeding a desired grass with the legume. In order to achieve a mixed stand, plant the legume in the spring using herbicides and drill the desired grass in the fall.
The increased stand density and first year yield makes the use of herbicides very attractive in legume establishment.
When new seedings of grasses or legumes are made no-till into a chemically suppressed sod, soil insecticides will improve stand density and yield. Either apply 1.0 pound per acre [active ingredient (AI)] of diazinon granules in the furrow or broadcast spray 1.5 pounds per acre AI of the liquid formulation. Diazinon is presently the only compound labelled for soil insect control at forage establishment.
Select quality seed and use recommended varieties. Many times seeding failures and unhealthy stands are blamed on the weather, fertilizer rates, and numerous other causes when poor quality seed is often the problem. Seed should not only be alive, but should have vitality, which relates to its age, its maturity, and the conditions under which it was stored. Use certified seed of recommended varieties if available, and purchase from a reliable source. Poor seed is never a bargain at any price.
Methods of seeding forages have generally been poor, and there is often a tendency to use high seeding rates to compensate. However, excessive rates will usually result in reduced stands and yields. Too much seed results in more plants, but they are smaller and there is little or no increase in yield. The following season the number of plants will be reduced because of competition.
Keep seeding mixtures simple for best results from hay and pasture crops. Grasses and legumes sown in combination should be similar in palatability, maturity patterns and growing vigor. Use mixtures of only one grass and one or two legumes because of difference between grasses. "Shot-gun" mixtures result in spotty grazing, wasted forage and reduced yields.
Inoculate all legume seeds at seeding time regardless of the previous crop grown. Inoculation enables the legume to "fix" atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the growing plants. Sow as soon as possible after inoculation, and keep the inoculated seed in a shady place between time of inoculation and planting. Seed held more than 24 hours should be re-inoculated before planting.
Many seed companies sell pre-inoculated seed. This method of inoculation is effective if the seed is stored in a cool area and sown three to four months after treatment. If there is any doubt or if the seed is carried over from the past year, re-inoculate before seeding.
Inoculation of alfalfa and other legumes is sometimes difficult to obtain on strongly acid soils that have been recently limed. If lime is necessary, apply at least part of the requirement six months prior to seeding legumes.
Lack of soil moisture is the big enemy of small forage seeds during the germination period. A firm, well packed seedbed is needed so that moisture will move upward and prevent the soil from drying out. Rolling or cultipacking before seeding firms the soil below the seed. Rolling after seeding packs the soil around the seed and provides good moisture contact between the seed and the soil. Rolling after seeding helps seedlings get a quick, vigorous start.
If a seedbed is to be compacted only once, do it before seeding. This will make a firm seedbed and prevents seeding too deeply in the soil. Don't sow forage seeds deeper than 1/4 to 1/2 inch in the soil. Even when seeds emerge from greater depths, they are often so weak that survival is rare.
Methods of seedbed preparation depend on the steepness and rockiness of the soil and the existing vegetation. Plowing is often the most satisfactory way to start seedbed preparation, especially for late summer seedings. A field cultivator may also be used.
If the land is steep and/or rocky with a serious erosion hazard, use a cutaway disc or field cultivator. Kill the existing vegetation and leave it on or near the surface as a mulch. The mulch may seem to be a nuisance at seeding time, but it offers protection for the small seedlings as well as erosion control.
Adequate lime is necessary for forage establishment and production. It serves to correct soil acidity and supplies calcium and magnesium. Lime also affects the availability of most of the other essential elements needed for forage production. Phosphorus availability, in particular, increases as the pH is increased. If the soil is extremely acid, it is best to apply part of the lime at least six months before seeding. A soil test will help determine the amounts of lime, phosphorus and potassium that should be plowed or disked into the soil before seeding.
Seeds can germinate with or without fertilizer, but young plants will soon use the small amounts of nutrients in the seed. They are then dependent on the level of fertility around them for development. Most research shows that available phosphorus, applied at seeding time and properly placed, is the key element in establishing legumes and grasses. A small amount of banded nitrogen and potassium may also be beneficial at seeding time, but do not include more than 50 to 60 pounds of a combination of nitrogen and potash in a starter fertilizer.
Nitrogen encourages above-ground vegetative growth; phosphorus encourages root development, particularly the lateral and fibrous rootlets. Quick root development is especially important in fall sown forages. A sturdy root growth will counteract winter injury and prepare the plant for rapid spring growth.
A starter fertilizer should consist primarily of phosphorus (40 to 80 pounds) and a small amount of nitrogen (20 to 30 pounds). It may contain some potash, but excessive amounts at seeding damage legume and grass seedlings. Although high potash levels are detrimental to new seedlings, established stands of grass-legumes need a liberal supply. Use soil tests to determine the amount of phosphorus and potassium to use for topdressing. It is best to take a new test every three or four years.
Weeds, lack of moisture and overgrazing are the most serious problems for newly established stands of grasses and legumes. If weeds are a threat, mow them. They are best controlled when permitted to grow tall before mowing and then cut short. A rotary mower is usually superior to a sickle mower because it tends to mulch the weeds and prevents smothering the young plants.
Spring sown pasture should be grazed just often enough to use the oats and prevent them from shading the new seedlings. Avoid trampling in wet weather.
When the new seeding is grazed, do not graze shorter than 4 inches.
Fall sown pasture will furnish considerable feed the first spring and summer following seeding. Use rotational grazing and leave a stubble at least 4 inches high. Protect the new pasture from grazing after Sept. 15 in the first grazing season. Give it a chance to prepare for winter by storing food in the root system. It can't do this if the top growth is removed during early fall.


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People's attitudes towards war changed as the war progressed and this is shown in the war poetry which reported about war to the civilians back in Britain.
At first these war poems praised war, but when the soldiers realised the truth about war, their poetry changed to show the horrors of war. Eventually poets began writing to ask for the war to stop. The early World War One poetry was written in praise of war. This is because the poets had not yet experienced the horrors of war.
They believed the propaganda which led them to believe that war was glorious.Two examples of such poetry are 'The Soldier' and 'The Dead' both by Rupert Brooke. Both of the poems are sonnets. Sonnets are traditionally love poems so through using this form Brooke shows his love for his country.
The poems say that it is glorious to die at war: 'Dying has made us rarer gifts than gold,' 'The Dead' This means that the people who die at war are more precious than gold because of their sacrafice. Brooke believes that they have become better people through dying for a cause.'The Soldier' glorifies death at war by saying 'If I should die...
There's some corner of a foreign field that is forever England. ' Brooke cares more about the glory of England than for his own life. Brooke regards death at war as a glorious thing although the word 'If' shows that he does not expect to die. Each poem uses personification. 'The Dead' personifies the 'Dead' by giving the word 'Dead' a capital letter showing respect. 'The soldier personifies England by calling it 'her.
' This also shows patriotism because Brooke thinks of England as a person. 'The Soldier' repeats the word 'England' and 'English' throughout the poem showing Brooke's patriotism.The sestet of 'The Soldier' portrays an 'English Heaven' showing patriotism. Rupert Brooke writes as if England was his mother: "A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware. " This shows why he is so patriotic; England has helped him so much he is repaying the country by risking his life for it, he does not care if he dies for England because he believes that without England he would not have lived in the first place. 'The Dead' displays patriotism because it mentions 'heritage' showing he is proud of England's military past.
Rupert Brooke is nai?? ve as he thinks he will not die at war.However, he believes that if he does die at war it will be a glorious and beautiful event. In 'The Dead' he starts off the poem with the words 'Blow out, you bugles! Over the rich dead. ' Brooke is celebrating the fact that they have died. This conveys how much he believed death at war was good because he celebrated it. The word 'Rich' suggests that the dead have gained from dying.
Poetry written on the front line expressed the differences between the fake image of war which the propaganda created and the truth. The poems described the poor conditions and the number of casualties on the front line.Two examples of such poetry are 'A Working Party' by Siegfried Sassoun and 'Dulce Et Decorum Est' by Wilfred Owen. These poems use irony to show how different reality was to the image of war created by propaganda.
Sassoun says that there are "nimble rats" in the trenches. This shows that the rats have more energy than the exhausted soldiers. It also indicates that the conditions must be poor in the trenches for rats to be thriving. "Dulce Et Decorum Est" has an ironic tile. It is taken from a Latin saying meaning "it is sweet and fitting to die for your country".It is an ironic title because the poem shows that it is far from sweet and fitting to die at war.
In these poems the irony contrasts emphasises the contrast between the propaganda and reality. Both the poems show the disabling effects of war and how the conditions are dehumanizing for the soldiers. Sassoun uses strong words such as "blundered" and "wretchedly" to show how the men have been disabled by war. The word "grunt" conveys how the conditions have caused them to become animalistic.
Owen describes how war has had a disabling effect on the men in the opening lines of the poem.Owen decribes the men as "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks. / Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed our way through sludge. " This shows how the soldiers have been transormed into sick, angry old men by the war. They are described as "drunk with fatigue" because they are so tired and overworked that they cannot work or behave normally, but act as if they were drunk from alcohol.
Owen and Sassoun make use of direct realism and show panic in emergencies. In "Dulce Et Decorum Est" the soldier shouts "Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! The monosylabic words and exclamation marks show the panic when the gas shell explodes.The speech comes suddenly after a slower description of the trenches and soldiers. This takes the reader by surprise and makes us feel the soldiers surprise when the gas bomb came. In "A Woring Party" the soldiers say "Keep to your right - make way! ".
This shows that the trenches were crowded. The short sentences and monosybalic words show urgency. The exclamation mark emphasises the urgency and frustration of the men as they hurry to get through a trench. The poems have bitter and angry tones.
This shows the poets' anger at having to go to war. The anger and bitterness is shown in the negative words used throughout the poems. Sassoun uses negative words to descirbe the conditions and feelings of the soldiers such as "sodden", "wretchedly" and "chilly". He shows the soldiers individual anger at the war when he says that a soldier "stooped and swore / Because a sagging wire had caught his neck". This angry the soldiers are that they will swear at something so little as a sagging wire just to release some of the anger.
Wilfred Owen is also angry and bitter at the war.He uses negative words to show this such as "haunting", "blood-shod", and "Bitter as the cud". Owen also shows the mens anger at war by saying they "cursed through sludge". Both the poems use repetition to emphasise certain points.
"A Working Party" uses repetition to emphasise how quickly a soldier can die. The poem starts off with the words "Three hours ago he blundered up the trench. " Half way through the poem the Sassoun repeats this using the word stumbled instead of blundered.The repetition halfway through reminds us how short ago it was when the soldier was alive. Dulce Et Decorum Est" also uses repetition. The word "drowning" is repeated to emphasise the death of the soldier.
Both the poems show how qucikly the soldiers die. Sassoun saysthat the man was alive "Three hours ago". Owen describes the mans death as it happens in a few seconds when gas kills him suddenly. Owen and Sassoun show that in reaity there is no honour in death at war. In "Dulce Et Decorum Est" Owen describes how the dead corpse is "flung" into the wagon.
Owen describes the mans "white eyes writhing in his face,/ His hanging face like a devil's sick of sin".The dead is not treated like a hero but like he is merely another casualty of many in the war. He is not treated with respect but he is treated like a peice of rubbish in a dump. In "A Working Party" the mans death is not glorious. We know he did not want to die because he "thougth of getting bakc by half-past twelve" He was stacking sand bags when a shell exploded nearby causing his head to split open.
This is not the gloriouus death that we would expect from earlier poems. He is not killed while shooting down enemy troops or in some other glorious heroic way but he is killed stacking sand bags.The Poems have pathos. They both focus on just one death making it stand out from the millions of other casualties.
The pathos is extremely effective in "A Working Party" because Sassoun describes the man's life in Britain: "He was a young man with a meagre wife And two small children". This makes us pity him more becasue he had family that he has left behind. Sassoun also describes the mans character. He was "a decent chap who did his work and hadn't much to say". This makes the man seem more of an innocent victim than he would if he hadnt been described at all.The mans actions leading up to his death are also described.
Irony is used to make us symathise with him because "He thought of getting back by half-past twelve". Wilfred Owen also describes just one death but also focuses on the effect is has on Owen. There is a gas attack on a group of men. All the others manage to get away but "someone still was yelling out and stumbling". this makes us pity the one man more because he dies alone.
Owen tell us the effect the death had on him: "In all my dreams before my helpless sight / He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. This makes us pity not only the man who died but also Owen.It also shows that death was such a terrible thing that it had more than one victim, it traumatised the living who would carry the memory for the rest of their lives. As the war progressed the poetry became increasingly bitter.
Poets became determined to show the truth of what went on at the front line. They wanted to stop people believing the false image the propaganda had given them so that they would think twice about enlisting. Two of these poems were 'Disabled' by Wilfred Owen and 'Does it matter? by Seigfried Sassoun.At the time the poems were written many people believed that if they were disabled at war they would be treated as heroes but these poems show that in reality there was no glory in being disabled at war.
Seigfried Sassoun shows that there is no glory through his sarcastic tone. The poem asks "does it matter? - losing your legs?... / For people will always be kind. " This will make the reader realise that even if people are always kind, it is little compensation for having no legs.
The third stanza is about the psychological scars of war.The poem suggests sarcastically that it would not matter to go mad as a result of the war because "people won't say that you're mad; For they'll know you fought for your country / And no one will worry a bit. " This will make the reader see that the idea of people treating you with respect if you are disabled by war is an unrealistic one. The words "And no one will worry a bit" are effective because the sarcasm suggests they won't worry because they know why you are disabled and will respect you, whereas in reality people won't worry about you because people won't care.In "Disabled" the soldiers welcome home is far from heroic. Owen writes: "some cheered him home, but not as crowds cheer goal.
Only a solemn man who brought him fruits. " The man is not welcomed back as a hero but is greeted by just one "solemn man. " He will not be treated as a hero. Instead he will "spend a few sick years in institutes.
" He is lonely and abandoned now shown by the last lines of the poem which ask "Why don't they come? " Owen and Sassoun show that disabled soldiers rely on pity. They would have expected to have relied on respect after they return but people no longer respect them, they pity them.They rely on peoples kindness as they cannot look after themselves anymore. Sassoun writes that "people will always be kind". This is a sarcastic statement because they won't always be kind and if they are it is for the wrong reasons.
"Disabled" shows that the man is abandoned by society. The man is lonely as "he sat in a wheelchair waiting for dark. " If he was a hero he would be attractive to girls, but instead they "touch him like some queer disease. " He is neglected as he wants to go to bed but no one comes leaving him on his own, asking "Why don't they come? "Each poem compares the disabled men to able bodied men showing the contrast between what they are and what they were. "Does It Matter? " says about the activities the other men take part in which the disabled man cannot participate in: "The others come in after hunting to gobble their muffin and eggs. " This makes the reader pity the disabled man more because he is left out and forgotten while the able bodied men are having fun.
"Disabled" contrasts the man in the wheelchair with the boys in the park.The man is also contrasted with the way he was before he went to war: There was an artist silly for his face, For it was younger than his youth, last year. Now, he is old. " This shows how in just one year he has turned from a handsome young boy into an elderly man. Both "A Working Party" and "Does It Matter" use rhetorical questions to encourage the reader to think.
Sassoun asks "Does it matter? - Losing your legs? ", "Does it matter? - Losing your sight? " and "Do they matter? - "Those dreams from the pit? " After each question there is a pause to make the reader think.These questions are sarcastic becasue they make it seem like it doesnt matter when the poem shows that in reality it does matter. By repeating the question "Does it matter? " the reader is constantly reminded that it matters a lot to be disabled by war. Disabled repeats a question at the end: "Why don't they come And put him to bed? Why don't they come? " By making the question the last part of the poem the reader is left thinking about it.
By repeating the question it emphasises the lonliness and despair of the soldier. Both the poems are angry at the war and at the attitudes of people in Britain.Wilfred Owen is angry that the army recruited a man who was drunk and underage. The poem says "smiling they wrote his lie; aged nineteen years".
The fact that the men were smiling makes them seem evil as they were sending a boy off to war. Owen is angry at the war. He see the war as pointless because the boy "threw away his legs" suggesting that he did it for no good reason. Sassoun is angry at the attitudes of British civilians towards the war and towards the disabled.
This is shown in his angry sarcastic tone. The poems show the disabled men remembering when they were able bodied.This shows that remembering better days is all they can do now as they will never have those happy experiences of their youth again. In "Disabled" the man remembers when he was poular with girls, he remembers playing football and he remembers why he signed up for the war in the first place.
He remembers when the "town used to swing so gay. " In "Does It Matter? " Sassoun says if you lose your sight you can "sit on the terrace remembering". This shows that if you lose your sight all you will have to go by is memories of vision. "Disabled" and "Does It Matter? " both focus on the disabling effects after a soldier returns to Britain.Does It Matter? " shows how you can lose limbs, lose your sight and be psycholigally affected by war.
"Disabled" shows how a single man has been affected by losing his legs and one arm at war. Towards the end of the war the poets began to ask for the war to stop. They prayed to God for an end to the violence. Two examples of such poetrry are "Futility" by Wilfred Owen and "How Long O Lord" by Robert Palmer. They both use rhetorical questions to make the reader think about the purpose of the war. Robert Palmer makes the title of his poem a rhetorical question.
Palmer asks God twice in the poem how long the war will last. He asks "How long, O Lord, how long, before the flood / Of crimson-welling carnage shall abate. " He also asks "How long / Shall Satan in high places lead the blind / To battle for the passions of the strong? " This is the same question but in each one war is decribed differently to show that there are so many bad things about war. The questions show how desperate Palmer is for the war to end. Wilfred Owen also uses rhetorical questions.He asks "Are limbs so clear achieved, are sides Full nerved - still warm - too hard to stir? He is asking that if the sun once brought life to the earth why it can't bring life to the dead soldier.
Owen hopes that if he moves the dead body into the sun it owould bring him back to life. This shows how desperate Owen was that he was willing to try to wake the dead this way. Owen asks a second rhetorical question. He asks "Who is it for the day grew tall, O what made fortuous sunbeam toil To break earths sleep at all? " This question shows how war has caused Owen to give up hope and ask what was the point in God creating the world if he would only let it be destroyed by war.The poems are both asking for miracles. Owen is asking for the sun to awake a dead man.
Palmer is asking for God to end the war. Both the poems use personification. Robert Palmer personifies feelings of hate and pride: "Hate their most hateful, pride their deadliest foe. " This means that the soldiers biggest enemy is not the Germans but it is their own hate and pride. If they did not have hate for the Germans there would be no war. If they did not have pride they would not have signed up for the war.
Owen personifies the "kind old sun".This shows that the sun is the only thing Owen has to be thankful for during the war, he looks to it like a friend as he desperately wants the man to awake. Thus to conclude during the four years of World War One the poetry changed to reflect the changing attitudes of the soldiers. At first poets glorified war, as the war progressed they wrote about how they had been lied to by propaganda and about the terrible reality of war.
The poetry became increasingly bitter throughout the war and eventually the same poets who glorified war began pleading for the war to stop.


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August is back-to-school month for most children. August is also National Immunization Month. And, in order for your children to become highly healthy you must be well-informed about the facts about immunizations.
It seems that almost every month newspaper articles and television programs depict the horrors of vaccines. The villains of these stories are greedy vaccine manufacturers, disinterested doctors, and burdensome regulatory agencies.
The focus of most of these stories is that children are hurt unnecessarily by vaccines—and the tone is usually one of intrigue and cover-up—of controversy and conspiracy.
Perhaps the most dangerous part of these stories (apart from the fact that they may cause many children to miss the potentially life-saving vaccines they need) is that the explanations are presented in a manner that seem believable.
I recommend the mom’s of my patients be aware of the most commonly aired stories about vaccines and learn to separate fact from myth. This website can help you do that.
In the United States, vaccines have dramatically reduced diseases such as whooping cough, mumps, polio, smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, and chicken pox. Because we have so little experience with these diseases today, it is easy to forget how serious theses illnesses can be.
In our well traveled and well populated world vaccines are necessary to your child’s health. Parents who refuse to vaccinate, wrongly think that their children are probably safe without the vaccine, and that their refusal does not affect other children.
It is true that these diseases currently occur in small numbers, and chances are low that any child—vaccinated or not—will get the disease. However, as increasing numbers of parents choose not to vaccinate, everything changes.
When vaccination levels fall below 90 percent or so in any given region, parents who do not vaccinate their children put their children and other unvaccinated children at higher risk for illness.
So what vaccines does your child need?
The list changes as our nations scientists and physicians analyze trends and discover new preventions. Below is a chart that will help you understand the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations for 2009.
Several changes have been made to the vaccination schedule since 2004 and are included in the current 2009 immunization schedule below.
Review the changes, go over the CDC’s vaccination charts and visit your doctor to make sure your child’s immunizations are up to date.
Vaccination Changes since 2004
•Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) is recommended for adolescents aged 11-12 years instead of the old dT (diphtheria, tetanus) vaccine. By the way, this same shot is recommended for all adults every ten years..
•Meningococcal conjugate vaccine MCV4 (Meningitis) should be administered to all children at age 11-12 years as well as to unvaccinated adolescents at high school entry. All college freshmen living in dormitories should also be vaccinated with MCV4 or meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4).
•Hepatitis A vaccine is a two-shot series now universally recommended for all children at age 1 year. If your child has not received this vaccine, now’s the time to catch up.
•The rotavirus vaccine’s (RV) first dose should be given by 15 weeks of age. The latest age any dose may be given is 15 months. If the vaccine Rotarix is administered at ages 2 and 4 months, a dose at 6 months is not needed..
•The 2009 schedule calls for routine annual influenza vaccination for children aged 6 months through 18 years. The previous recommendation was for vaccination of children from 6 months through 59 months of age. And, I recommend it (in either the shot or nasal spray form) every year for all children and adults. a recommendation that children younger than 9 years of age who are receiving influenza vaccine for the first time, or who were vaccinated for the first time during the previous season but only received one dose, should receive two doses of influenza vaccine at least four weeks apart.
•Varicella (chicken pox) vaccine recommendations are updated. The first dose should be administered at age 12-15 months, and a newly recommended second dose should be administered at age 4-6 years.
•The new human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) is a three-shot series recommended for girls aged 11-12 years; and a catch-up vaccination is recommended for girls aged 13-26.
•Abbreviations for rotavirus, pneumococcal polysaccharide and meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been changed.
Medical information within this site is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of any health condition. Please consult a licensed health care professional for the treatment or diagnosis of any medical condition.
“Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 Through 18 Years — United States.”cdc.gov. July 23, 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5751a5.htm>.


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We are thrilled to be able to partner with NIMA: National Institute of Medical Aesthetics again this year for their birthday party! This year the event will be raising money for 16 year-old Alexa, who is fighting a very rare brain tumor in her eye, Medulloepithelioma.
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Favorite thing: Before you travel send for information brochure from local tourist office, this can be done in internet in most cases .If not you can call in at the tourist office for a free map. On Spain tourist office site www.spain.info ,click practical info/tourist office,enter the place you wish to visit and the e mail address will come up
Typical old town buildings
Favorite thing: Ribadesella's old town (Villa Vieja) has many worth-seeing buildings from the time between the late 16th and the early 18th century. At that time the town was home to Asturia's most important port and the houses belonged to local traders and merchants.
The buildings are usually three to four storeys high, painted in light pastel colours and often have a family coat of arms on the front facade.
A typical example is the 18th century Prieto Family Palace (Palacio de los Prieto), which nowadays is the local post office. It can be found at the street Calle Manuel Fernandez Juncos 21.
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Villas along the beach promenade
Favorite thing: Along the beach promenade in the modern district of Arenal de Santa Marina many eclectic style villas dating from the end of the 19th century or beginning of the 20th century can be seen.
The buildings are also known as "Indiano Houses" as they were built by locals who emigrated to America for work and on their return constructed these villas.
One of the best known buildings is the modernist Villa Rosario, which is nowadays a hotel and restaurant. It's history dates back to the early 20th century, when it was built by a local person who worked as a tobacco warehouseman in Cuba.
Another famous building is the Green Chalet, which was finished in 1916 after designs of the Spanish architect Enrique Pfitz y Lopez. The name of the villa was derived from the green-coloured glassed ceramics on the façade.
- Budget Travel
Ribadesella from Air
Favorite thing: Picture from brochure shows ,old town bottom and new town and beaches other side. Send for tourist information at Ribadesella tourist office.by e mail.

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