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Drug repositioning, (also known as drug repurposing or rediscovery) is a valuable tool in vaccine research to prevent human disease.
In the case of COVID-19 (caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drug repositioning has been invaluable in sourcing a vaccine to urgently prevent the global spread of this deadly virus.
What is Drug Repositioning?
Drug repositioning is the use of existing drugs or components to develop new drugs and vaccines. It involves the use of drugs that have already been approved or used in clinical trials to identify new therapeutic indications, which is a cost-effective strategy for pharmaceutical companies. It is also beneficial for the prevention and treatment of human disease, as there are still many for which we have no cure.
In the past drug repositioning relied on chance, i.e. the accidental discovery of how old drugs could benefit new Drug Discovery due to a similarity in the molecular pathways of both. However, this process has changed and today drug repositioning is a valuable alternative method for the development of new drugs and vaccines.
Some examples of successful drug repositioning are:
- Aspirin. Originally developed for inflammation and pain, has also been used as an antiplatelet drug
- Thalidomide. A controversial drug administered for morning sickness in the 1960s, now used to treat leprosy
- Chloroquine and remdesivir. Used to treat malaria and Ebola, they have also been used in the development of the coronavirus treatments.
The Benefits of Drug Repositioning
Pharmaceutical companies are under pressure to develop drugs and vaccines faster and more economically to combat new and existing diseases. Drug and vaccine research and development is expensive, costing millions of USD to develop. Speeding up the development process means less cost. However, regulations and standards must still be adhered to ensure drugs and vaccines are as safe as possible before being administered to humans.
Some of the advantages of drug repositioning are:
- The reduced development time for specific drugs (essential in the establishment of the COVID-19 vaccine).
- Decreased costs (less of a need for future development and use of compounds for which the research has already been funded).
- Acceleration of pharmaceutical development in general.
- The recycling of failed compounds that have been used in previous research but have not led to successful drug or vaccine approval.
Drug Repositioning and Vaccine Research
Developing new vaccines all the way to the approval and marketing stage is a time-consuming and expensive process. To be approved and licensed a vaccine must pass three phases after the preclinical studies. These phases are essential to test the safety and effect on the human body.
- Phase 1: Safety and immunogenicity, administered normally to <10 healthy adults.
- Phase 2: Efficacy, administered to several hundred humans.
- Phase 3: Effectiveness, administered to several thousand humans.
It must be proved that these three phases are all safe before a vaccine can be approved by the regulatory body for sale and marketing. These phases can take up to 10 years when following normal research procedures. Even when the vaccine has been approved, there is still a Phase 4, also known as pharmacovigilance, and it may involve millions of individuals. If safety concerns are raised during this phase, the drug or vaccine can be withdrawn from the market.
Interestingly, drug repositioning can accelerate the identification of the effects of certain compounds on humans, therefore reducing development time by up to 33% and potentially saving more lives.
This speeding-up process is essential for vaccine research as human diseases become more complex. The rapid development of a vaccine for COVID-19 is an example of how the concept of drug repositioning is invaluable. In 2020, with a deadly virus rapidly spreading throughout the world and no way to stop it, prompt vaccine research and development was essential.
Thanks to the scientific research carried out on other vaccines, along with a scenario of high viral transmission among the population, effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed within 12 months.
The use of alternative models to animal models in drug research supports the need for faster vaccine development, as this is a cost-effective and quicker way to determine results when compared with traditional research methods. Zebrafish are particularly valuable in this category of research, due to their fast and multiple breeding cycles and the fact that high content screening can be performed on a whole organism with high genetic homology to humans.
As scientific knowledge becomes more advanced so will the effective use of drug repositioning. This method and the development of new vaccines and drugs will continue to be used as a supplement to costly and time-consuming future research.


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~ Divine Eclipse ~
Tribal Fusion Coven
Divine Eclipse is the newest branch of Invoketress Dance.
The troupe is comprised of Ishra's students and Invoketress Troupe members who joined together to create dance magic.
The dancers utilize their training in Tribal Fusion and Raks Sharki to create enchanting pieces.
Many also have trained in other dance forms including: hip hop, modern, acro yoga, flamenco and more!
Divine Eclipse employs a non-traditional and experimental approach to choreography; there is no troupe leader. They work together and collaborate to create spellbinding pieces which weave tales of magic, mystery and myth.
Their cooperative method relies on the trust, respect, love and compassion of each member.
They strive to create a safe creative space where they can push the boundaries of dance together and deepen their connection with each other and the divine spirit.
Divine Eclipse members have a special bond and a true connection as they also form a coven.
Together they have embarked on a journey of introspection and soul searching that has strengthened them as individuals and as a group.
Their pieces are informed by the magic of the moon and the spirit of sisterhood.

domain: artistic


Subject: Re: MIPS power management support ??
To: Toru Nishimura <email@example.com>
From: Jason R Thorpe <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Date: 05/29/2001 10:56:57
On Tue, May 29, 2001 at 10:08:12AM +0900, Toru Nishimura wrote:
> "Andre" <email@example.com> wrote;
> > After trying out netbsd 1.5 (the NOSCSI version of the kernel) on
> > a Qube2, I am concerned that netbsd might not be the best OS to
> > help ensure a long and reliable lifetime for the cpu....
> > Under Linux, the cpu ran cool to the touch for most of the time,
> > but with netbsd it seems to get _very_ hot, even when the system
> > is lightly loaded.
> Cosuming power is concern, however, dissipated heat should not destroy
> the QED processor.
> > Is power management really missing from netbsd ? or do I simply
> > need to try a different version kernel ??
> NetBSD/cobalt does not have it inside. MIPS processor manufactures
> implemented power saving instructions in incompatible ways.
> MIPS/hpcmips for WinCE devices uses its own power saving hook when the
> NEC Vr process is idle. So, it should not be hard to add QED specific
> power saving stuff mimicking Vr.
I just implemented this and tested it on my Algorithmics P-5064. The
QED RM5260 CPU in it now runs cool to the touch (in fact, about as cool
as when the entire machine is powered off). Heh, the Ethernet chip now
runs hotter than the CPU :-)
It's committed to -current.
-- Jason R. Thorpe <firstname.lastname@example.org>


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If you genuinely want to get the most out of your physical activities as well as weight reduction programs all you really require to do is fully understand the value of advertising correct nourishment to your body which we can no more obtain from today’s modern diet plans as well as can no longer pay for to disregard. Hence comes the concern – How to lose weight when you fat & careless?
Lack of energy has actually ended up being a leading reason why Americans have given up on trying to lose weight, therefore continuing growing fatter and fatter; from United States Health and Human Providers 2008. Your results will certainly be better with weight reduction supplements. Many people are losing their time on the thread mill that never ever transform their shape as well as weight anyhow, not to mention all those layers of fat kept in their bodies and hardened a lot for many years of accumulating it from placing junk foods into their bodies. It’s a darn embarassment.
When I called prospects that were looking for the answers to – just how to shed weight when you fat & careless, my prompt impact of them was that they were lacking in energy and sensation dispirited. Those people’s perceptions when it comes to exactly how to lose weight when you fat & careless are not the very same even when every little thing about them is very same other than for being SEVERE regarding losing weight.
How To Reduce weight When You Lazy & Fat – The response is possibly not what you think.
If you attempted to slim down before, making use of fed diets or other trick diets that you weren’t successful with, you ought to know far better, that worldwide of marketing the ads make 95% of success price offering it to you. If you heard from the word of mouth that you can shed weight normally, healthy and balanced and securely as well as sustain power throughout the day as well as even have power to function out, would certainly that be worthy of your time to see exactly how to make that take place and also money to have your weight loss objective realized, using items made by premier firm with astonishing success rate of altering people’s lives all over the world. All that alone is a clear indication that the items job and also you will be slimming down healthy as well as without putting it back on.
Advertising healthy and balanced nutritional products right into your everyday diet regimen will absolutely change your life and also your body. You will shed inches and also extra pounds healthy as well as gain energy to hang out with your kids or for any type of other day-to-day activities. You will certainly experience a genuine modification – HEALTHY.
How To Slim down When You Are Lazy & Fat – MYTH
Most people will certainly lose weight since they involved an internet site, expensive TELEVISION advertisement or locate pricey advertisement with images and also various other tricks promising the outcomes.
How To Reduce weight When You Are Lazy & Fat – TRUTH
Most people will reduce weight since they will pertain to site as well as review the weight reduction program to see if it is HEALTHY, if it is SAFE, if it is making use of NATURAL items and NOT REFINED items, byproducts with harmful ingredients.
One of the most essential question to ask yourself after checking out it, whether you will be much healthier as well as energetic after losing inches as well as pounds. Other aspects to consider, if you will certainly be depriving while on the diet plan, or if you will certainly be putting on weight back and also food cravings for unhealthy treats. Having these problems resolved is what separates a person that is significant to reduce weight from ignorant consumer.
This short article can be easily released on a web site as long as it is not customized whatsoever including the writer bylines and also energetic hyperlinks.
When I called prospects that were looking for the responses to – exactly how to shed weight when you lazy & fat, my instant impression of them was that they were doing not have in energy as well as sensation dispirited. Those people’s perceptions when it comes to just how to lose weight when you careless & fat are not the exact same also when every little thing concerning them is very same other than for being SEVERE concerning losing weight.
If you Info listened to from the word of mouth that you can shed weight normally, healthy as well as safely and also maintain power throughout the day and also also have energy to function out, would certainly that be worthy of your time to see just how to make that just click the next web page happen and also money to have your weight loss objective realized, utilizing products made by top company with astonishing success rate of transforming individuals’s lives all over the world. All that alone is a clear sign that the items job and you will be losing weight healthy and also without view site… putting it back on.

domain: health


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KINDLE Livres Metal Clay – The Complete Guide: Innovative Techniques to Inspire Any Artist Par Jackie Truty – memorycardzoo.co.uk
Really good book if you #Are Just Getting Into This #just getting into this of craft pretty escriptive and great pictures very inspiring I had hoped this would be rather inspirational but it turned out to be a somewhat Here Comes The Sissy Bride (My Sissy Husband Confesses, dull but fairly practical manual Itoes give a beginner lots of useful information and could be a good pointer to various ways of using the material After purchasing. Explore Metal Clay from Package to Project Metal clays versatility and ability to be enhanced by every other known medium has broadened esign possibilities for artists everywhere Metal Clay The
Guide is the book every metal clay artist needs to have on the shelf for uick access "TO HOW TO INFORMATION ON A VARIETY OF SUBJECTS "how to information on a variety of subjects .
Complete Guide Is The
That is showing as *Th At And The Formatting At Least *at and the formatting at least is for kindle iPad is unforgivable with pictures "it is for kindle on iPad is unforgivable with pictures and not being on the right page At this price I expect better and wish I had ordered the printed book instead at least I could have sent it back I found it good to learn about the ifferent techniues But now I need a project book I exp3cted a bit. Lets lentil bead box pendant ring Helpful appendices including ring sizing gemstone firing times rying times kiln firing temperatures and alternative firing methods Whether you are just getting started or have been working with metal clay or related materials for years Metal Clay The Complete Guide is guaranteed to be the resource you turn to the mos.


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IBM Delivered An RDi Update, Too
November 4, 2020 Alex Woodie
Next week, IBM is planning to deliver the PTFs that include the functionality contained in the Technology Refreshes it just unveiled for IBM i 7.3 and 7.4 last month. You will want to stay on the lookout for those updates. But some of the capabilities that IBM “announced” in the TRs shipped months ago, including those for Rational Developer for i (RDi).
The latest release of RDi, or version 18.104.22.168, was included as a feature for IBM i 7.3 TR9 and IBM i 7.4 TR4. IBM, of course, announced those TRs on October 6 and says it plans to …Read more

domain: news


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Online gambling Ufabet911, as many people know, is a gambling website that has a lot of betting games to play, whether it’s gambling games such as slots, fish shooting games or even categories of Esport sports that are available play. Many people will probably wonder how the category of simulation sports is.
Simulated sport is playing a sport in a fictitious or game. It is a game that is a sports game such as boxing, football, basketball, playing football betting games (แทงบอลออนไลน์). It is a FIFA soccer game that many people know. Pressing the game to play the show, there is a live broadcast for the audience to hurry to watch. Also known as Steam Game.
Simulated sports on the betting site Ufabet911 is a category that is similar to the combination of the Esport category and the sports category. Where we will be able to watch the live stream Along with predicting the results of live competitions, in this category, two brands are available on the Ufabet911 system:
Read more about topnewsplus
Some games in the simulation sports category are sports games for the audience to predict the competition results. And in each match, there will be a live broadcast throughout the competition. The length of the game is 1 -30 minutes, which we can choose to bet. Betting on simulated sports will look loose with real betting with a bargain. There are water rates in each pair, which many of these readings are based on.
Advantages and disadvantages of playing online gambling sports betting on simulation sports category
Simulated sports betting is different from real sports betting in many things and has advantages and disadvantages, such as
- The game ends quickly, the results are known quickly. Players can continue playing immediately.
- There are more and more sports to choose from.
- You don’t have to wait for a table, or competition season can play at any time and are constantly being updated
- low water rates, and there is still not too much bargaining.Information about: thenewsify , Learn why : amazinginfo , And Read More: 1i1
- unrealistic equal to real gambling
- There is no preliminary analysis before playing. to the players to analyze the competitive game
- The player is not the one who plays the game by himself. Just guessing only
Online gambling in the category of virtual sports players will ever play the game. Or have never played the game before, can play but you have to know the rules of playing that sport according to the real thing because playing in this category will refer to the same rules as the actual game. We can see and cheer and understand for sure. Because we are not the gamers themselves. There is relaxation with the category of Esport, but there is no need to wait for the league to compete. It is easy to play and can be played at any time.
Simulated sports are suitable for players who like to bet on sports. I don’t want to wait for a sports competition. Don’t wait for the league to open. We were able to bet that we liked it. You can also bet on all kinds of sports, watch the competition at any time. Suitable for people who like to watch sports analysis of sports games.
For anyone looking for or wanting a football betting website, if you come to apply for membership with us now, they give away 5% free credit for every deposit, every moment, refer a friend to become a member, we give a maximum bonus of 1000 baht, don’t wait before the promotion runs out. Don’t forget to come and apply.

domain: game


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Gilmore Girls star Alexis Bledel looked stunning in her black and white Pamella Roland cut-out dress at the LA premiere of her TV movie, Remember Sunday, yesterday – but it was the ring on her finger that really had people talking.
The 31-year-old showed off her gorgeous new engagement ring, a round-cut diamond on a simple platinum band, picked out for her by Mad Men star fiancé Vincent Kartheiser.
The couple first met when Alexis guest starred in the fifth season of Mad Men, playing the unstable mistress of Vincent’s character, Pete.
Their wedding plans are a little way off, but both are involved in the planning. “We're doing it together,” she told US Weekly. "We haven't started yet though."
Vincent added that he was still getting used to the engagement.
“I keep saying girlfriend…and then I’m like, ‘I mean, my fiancée!’ I'm a very lucky man,” he added.
Vincent recently revealed that he shaves his hair to show a receding hairline to play smarmy Pete on the hit TV show and has put on weight for the role in an effort to age his character.
”At the beginning of the season, Matt [show creator Matthew Weiner] said I was gonna have my hair shaved back and he said, ‘You know, would you mind putting on some weight?’ And I said, ‘Absolutely not.’ And I just started eating like a pig,” Vincent reveals.

domain: entertainment


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Sestina as a poetry form / Terry Porter ; interviewed by Grace Cavalieri.
This may not be a complete list of all recordings associated with this subject. Search the entire catalog here.
|PRA Archive #||Title||Description||Genre||Broadcast Date|
|WZ0021||Sestina as a poetry form / Terry Porter ; interviewed by Grace Cavalieri.||
On his experience as editor of The Falcon, and his writings. Includes readings.
|WPFW, Oct. 28, 1976.|


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IT'S no surprise Michelle Keegan and Sam Faiers have been named in a top five celebrity smiles poll.
Mark Wright's fiancée and the former TOWIE beauty beat a whole host of American stars, including Kim Kardashian and Kendall Jenner.
Sure, Kimmy-K and her little sister spend more time pouting than grinning, but according to celebrity dentist Dr Phil Stemmer, us Brits are winning in the tooth stakes.
He hails Made In Chelsea's Binky Felstead gnashes, explaining: "Americans typically opt for piano white teeth, but we are increasingly seeing Brits move away from this aesthetic to a more natural look.
"If you consider Binky, her teeth are still white in colour, but the new British look dictates lighter shades.”
Dr Stemmer’s top 5 celebrity smiles in 2014: 1. Binky Felsted 2. Michelle Keegan 3. Sam Faiers 4. Cheryl Cole 5. Olli Locke
Dr Phil teamed up with eBay, the online marketplace, to celebrate the 60th birthday of the electric toothbrush.


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Arcam at CES - Day 1, A Quick Listen To The New A19 Amplifier
As the 2013 CES opens the Las Vegas Convention Centre is already teaming with visitors clambering to grab a look at the next generation smartphones and TVs. Meanwhile the Venetian Hotel plays host the sublime sounds of the worlds best music systems.
As a perfect antidote to the hustle and bustle of the main show floor, exhibits at the Venetian are a calmer more relaxed atmosphere with gentle (and not so gentle) music emanating from exhibit rooms and some staggering systems. Arcam is, as you might expect, right of the heart of the action and the new A19 Integrated Amplifier is already raising smiles.
Engineered with the sole purpose of musical enjoyment the A19 is a simple yet startling amplifier. Small in size (by high-end HiFi standards) yet powerful and with an amazing ability to get right to the heart of a musical performance. We can't think of a better way to start a busy show week than with a quick listen!
Tomorrow, news of an exciting addition to the rSeries range!
Arcam are exhibiting at suite 29-322 of the Venetian Hotel for the duration of the CES show which runs from today, 8th January to Friday 11th.


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Member News – Myers Wollin, LLC reports attorney training program
November 20th, 2017
This training program has been very successful. In October, 2017 German and European Patent Attorney, Dr. Christoph Bartels from the Hamburg Office of RGTH Patent Attorneys, joined Myers Wolin for three weeks. Dr. Bartels gave a series of presentations on European and German Patent Law and Practice at Myers Wolin and at the International Intellectual Property Society in New York. During his stay he was integrated in the day-to-day business at Myers Wolin and given insight on U.S. patent practice with a dedicated series of presentations prepared by members of the Myers Wolin team.
Dr. Bartels said, “For me, it was a great experience having been given the opportunity to get a practical as well as theoretical insight in U.S. patent prosecution. It is one thing to get up to date on U.S. practice from afar, but working in the same office and receiving direct feedback of experienced U.S. practitioners is invaluable, and I am grateful to the entire team of Myers Wolin for this opportunity.
The Foreign Attorney Training Program at Myers Wolin deepened my understanding of the particulars of U.S. patent practice and the differences to the European practice. I believe that we at RGTH and our European clients will benefit greatly from this program and I will recommend to my colleagues at home to partake in this program as well. I feel strongly that more of these programs should be made possible and I hope that I could provide the team of Myers Wolin with comparable insights in the European Patent practice.”
How the Training Program Works
Visiting attorneys will receive training on practice and procedure from firm attorneys and administrative personnel. Topics include preparation and filing of new applications, drafting and filing responses to a variety of USPTO Office Actions of varying complexity, conducting telephone and video interviews with USPTO Examiners, and possible trips to the USPTO. Substantive training sessions will focus on the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP), Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure (TMEP), U.S. Federal and State case law, rules and regulations. The firm will use actual applications and Office Actions from firm clients to create the instructional materials that will form part of the training. Visiting attorneys will also have an opportunity to travel to firm clients, conduct client meetings and participate in strategy discussions, and take part in networking meetings designed to broaden the visiting attorney’s exposure to other local counsel. This experience shall prove invaluable for those foreign attorneys that prepare instructions for U.S. counsel.
Foreign attorneys are also encouraged to make presentations to firm attorneys on practice topics from their native country. In addition, visiting attorneys shall be given the opportunity to make a presentation in New York City before the International Intellectual Property Society (IIPS), a continuing legal education organization that reaches local practitioners in the New York/New Jersey area.
An exchange program is also available if the visiting attorney firm or company is amenable to hosting a Myers Wolin attorney. This exchange program will provide the Myers Wolin attorney with a reciprocal experience and similar benefits. The Myers Wolin training program and exchange program is also an excellent way to promote improved relationships between attorneys from each firm or company.
Interested candidates should apply to [email protected]

domain: law


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KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) -- Two more women and two more UT football players will be added to a lawsuit filed against the university, the plaintiff's lawyer told Local 8 News. This is expected to be added to the complaint Wednesday.
The sexual assault lawsuit was filed at the beginning of February by six women. They claim the university has a culture that allows athletes to get away with rape and sexual assault.
UT coaches voice support for athletics program
UT coaches from a variety of sports teams came together Tuesday morning to confirm their belief in the UT Athletics program.
The coaches told media they felt like the parents of the athletes and were trying to raise them to make the best decisions. The coaches also expressed a culture of fairness, respect and camaraderie among the various sports teams.
Reaction from plaintiff's lawyer
David Randolph Smith, the lawyer representing the eight women, told Local 8 News he watched the press conference via live stream. He thought it was appropriate the news conference was not all about the lawsuit and that UT Football Coach Butch Jones had a heartfelt statement about the victims.
Smith said the lawsuit is about specific cases involving athletes in specific sports, basketball and football, and cultures of those sports, not all athletes. He said the lawsuit doesn't deal with every sport and every athlete, just the specific ones mentioned in the lawsuit.
The lawsuit also claimed that a teammate was beaten by his fellow athletes for helping a sexual assault victim. The lawsuit lists sexual assault incidents at the university that go back 20 years, including an incident involving Peyton Manning.
Other recent incidents involving UT football players
On February 17, a newcomer to the UT football team is at the center of an assault case. Prosecutors say Alexis Johnson strangled a woman after she refused a sexual encounter with him.
On February 16, a former UT player was charged after trying to arrange a sexual meeting with undercover law enforcement, who he thought was a 14-year-old girl.


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Mr.Messado - Messado Rings
Like to play four comic magic friends all know , size, material , weight, opening indispensable, no link can be lost, so Ellusionist bring the Messado Rings, taking into account not only the quality , and even David Copperfield are Messado Rings lovers , and finally with the Mr.Messado teaching , seamless, with the strongest play the ...
"My name's Mr Messado, I'm going to show you the magic of Messado's rings. Are you ready? Gather round let me show you something cool ..."
So starts the most phenomenal performance of the Linking Rings we've ever seen At 6ft tall, with a top hat, bow tie and pocket-watch, Messado stands out on the streets of New York -. But it's his sheer class with a set of rings that stops spectators in their tracks.
Despite a startling series of flourishy links, unlinks and displays in his solo performance, it's Messado's involvement of the spectators that really shines - taking the linking rings from a detached exhibition of stage magic to a totally engaging close-up experience.
Messado Rings by Mr.Messado
- Product Code: I1710
- Availability: In Stock