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- 24 Hour Dental Service in Comstock Park, MI
- Emergency Toothaches, Extractions, Pain Relief Today
- Weekends, Nights and Holidays
A Comstock Park dentist is qualified to handle the treatment of teeth and also various other mouth issues such as gum condition, wisdom tooth extraction, pulp elimination, and others. Additionally, this dentist is additionally a qualified orthodontist. Our Endodontist in Comstock Park MI is typically an exercising dentist who specializes in the treatment of gums, bones, and jaws. He/she is additionally a certified hygienist, to deal with all the problems that may take place in the mouth.
The office of the Comstock Park dentist has countless procedures to provide to its patients. Among one of the most typical treatments supplied is dental veneers, which are made from porcelain or composite products. They can be brightened to fit the patient’s preference and with the help of a laser. Consequently, these veneers will certainly not fracture or chip off also if they undergo very severe heat and also cold. This treatment is rather useful to those patients who have actually shed it to cavities or to the innovative phases of gum diseases. In addition, our dentists are able to deal with children as well as adults who are experiencing from a great deal of discomfort from one tooth to one more.
Speak with our Emergency Dental Care Team Today!
Advanced endodontics is an ingenious field. As all of us know, dental practice is challenging. To conserve time as well as increase effectiveness, the dental office needs to go through many procedures that can generate mistakes, inconsistencies, and problems. This is where advanced endodontics sticks out. Through this service, the dental practice has to be exceptionally attentive to the workings of their patient’s teeth, as it prepares them for a much more reliable life. In this manner, the patient can be sure that their smile is kept in one of the most appropriate fashion.
Dental services are generally cared for by our team of experts in Comstock Park MI. They will certainly deal with the work by giving a great, detailed examination of the patient, one that includes the previous case history as well as assessment outcomes. They will certainly even talk about the patient’s tooth with them so that they can choose on what sort of therapy would be best for the patient. After the root canal treatment, the patient may have the ability to consume healthy foods that will help them preserve the white color of it. Dental offices will certainly help their patients in ensuring that their tooth remains white and healthy and balanced. Thus, progressed endodontics therapy will certainly involve providing the ideal possible treatment plans so that they can appreciate the benefits.
Emergency Endodontist Comstock Park
You might ask yourself why there are still urgent care clinics in health centers? It’s because these immediate care clinics can offer immediate and emergency dental treatment to any patient. And the doctors are always on their way to react to any kind of such emergency that could occur. Emergency dentists in Comstock Park MI are not limited to the healthcare facilities just. Their services are likewise readily available in the private dentists in Comstock Park. These dentists are certified to provide emergency dental treatment at an affordable price, yet they may be a little much less qualified than the regular dentists.
In a lot of the clinics or workplaces, this is a short term facility and you can make your appointment to get your emergency dentistry done after a couple of hours. Normally, the consultations are done on day time only. During the evening, there will be no dentists around and also the patients may be not able to get their emergency dental treatment. As well as if the patients will certainly be unable to receive therapy since of the lack of dentists offered, the quality of the service or the overall experience may be poor.
Our dentists in Comstock Park MI that focus on endodontic services are acquainted with a number of kinds of dentures as well as oral problems. The most usual teeth issue experienced by endodontic dentists is jaw problem as well as gum illness, both of which are dealt with by basic dentistry treatments including a thorough cleaning, local, and general anesthetic to numb the gums and crowns. These are complied with by tooth extraction as well as dental surgery depending on the level of the illness. General dentistry specialists learn about these problems and also can refer patients to other professionals for treatments.
Our Popular Services
- Emergency Dentistry
- Pain Management
- Tooth Extraction
- Dental Implants
- Root Canal Treatment
- Smile Makeover
- Crown and Bridge
- Porcelain Veneers
- Invisalign Clear Braces
- Teeth Whitening & Fillings
- Family Dentistry
- Adult & Children Treatment
- Cosmetic Dentistry
Endodontic implants are made use of to replace teeth that have been shed due to dental caries or bone illness. The advantage of these implants is that they are used to repair, repair, as well as even replace the missing tooth. This tooth has been changed by dental implants and consequently can not be utilized for any various other objective. There are lots of advantages to this procedure. It takes really little time to take the implants and also the process is painless. As a result, patients can start using them right away as well as use them without stressing regarding anything. We additionally provide endodontic treatment to our patients Comstock Park.
While considering obtaining dental implants, you should also consider the patient’s risk factor of having actually a tooth drawn out. This is since using dental implants might bring about serious illness in the future. The advantage is that there are great deals of solutions and also procedures which can lessen the possibilities of obtaining an extraction. One of the most usual treatment of the trouble of a tooth coming to be a root crack is surgery.
When a tooth ends up being infected, it comes to be prone to fracture and tooth extraction. Consequently, the possibilities of getting a root fracture due to dental implant usage can be minimized by utilizing excellent oral hygiene. Also, you must guarantee that you do not smoke as it can likewise cause an issue due to the erosion of the gum cells.
Should I go to an Endodontist for a Root Canal?
Should I go to an endodontist for a root canal? Well, the solution is that it depends. Everybody needs to comprise their own mind. The procedure can be unpleasant, however the good news is, there are means to make the treatment as painless as possible. It’s additionally great to understand that each individual has a different reason for having a root canal.
In many cases, a root canal is called for if the teeth have actually decomposed or damaged and the gums aren’t strong enough to take the pressure. If this is the case, then you have two alternatives. You can visit our office as well as obtain your teeth looked after, or you can do it on your own. Nevertheless, if you have a tooth that requires to be drawn, then it’s finest to ensure that you have the correct devices, as well as that the tooth is of the right age. You may wish to see a dental hygienist initially, however if the trouble isn’t significant, after that it’s usually not necessary. However if it is severe, or if you are worried with the problem of your teeth, then it’s best to look for the help of a dentist in Comstock Park MI by calling from your home.
Emergency, Cosmetic, and General Dentistry located in Comstock Park, MI
When you have tooth ache, it is necessary to get relief as quick as possible. That’s where 24/7 Dantal Care in Comstock Park comes in to help.
Call our Emergency Dentists Now at (888) 477-2554


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Who was this maniac who mutilated and murdered a number of women in London's East End? The bogeyman? Hardly!
All signs point to Jack the Ripper but who is he? Is he a myth or a real person or multiple people? Are the tales just pseudohistory or folklore? And why the name Jack the Ripper? This is what I found.
London, Whitechapel in the late 1880s.
The story says that "the first modern day serial killer" coined the name Jack the Ripper for himself in a letter written in 1888 known as the "Dear Boss letter." It was sent to the Central News Agency and subsequently turned over to the Metropolitan Police Department a few days later. It is also believed that any number of people could have been Jack the Ripper including one theory stating Jack was really Jill because it was believed at one point that Rosyln D'Onston was the Ripper (Jill the Ripper).
The true identity of Jack the Ripper (Whitechapel Jack) has not ever been 100% determined but recent DNA testing is pointing to a deranged Polish barber named Aaron Kosminkski.
Still others refuse this because Kosminkski did not fit the physical description of the Ripper.
Other possibilities besides Aaron Kosminkski, strange, Polish-Jew hairdresser in Whitechapel, are Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward, The Duke of Clarence, Francis Tumblety, American quack doctor born in Ireland, Rosyln (Robert) D'Onston, writer, George Chapman, a Polish surgeon/medical professional, Montague John Druitt, a school teacher, Walter Sickert, an eccentric, German, Impressionist painter, and Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), the great English writer. What?
Over the decades at least 200 suspects have been named. You have to remember that evaluating a crime scene during that time period was a lot different than crime scene evaluation methods we used today. With today's methods, I am sure his identify would have been discovered with ease.
There were allegedly five brutal murders committed by Jack the Ripper between April 3, 1888 and February 13, 1891. The canonical five victims (as they are called) are Mary Ann Nichols killed August 31, 1888; Annie Chapman killed September 8, 1888; Elizabeth Stride killed September 30, 1888; Catherine Eddowes killed September 30, 1888; and Mary Jane Kelly killed November 9, 1888.
Scotland Yard theorizes the idea that there were four other women murdered by Jack the Ripper just before April 3, 1888 and another on April 9, 1888 which would bring the total up to 9 murders. Others believe the number of victims is over 11.
So the true identity of this serial killing lunatic of London's East End remains unknown.
He taunted the authorities with his handwritten letters and catch me if you can attitude.
He was never caught and there was much relief when the murders stopped in 1891 until another letter surfaced in 1896 which started the panic all over again. Luckily the murders did not start again.
Oddly enough, one good thing did come of this. The Ripper-killings brought attention to the poverty, disease, and famine in the East End and a few changes were made.
I hope at some point in time the identity of this obviously incurable mentally-deranged person will be known but if not, I do love a good mystery!
Great links for more info.
Going to London? Take a Ripper tour.
Jack the Ripper Museum.
Find a grave, Jack's victims.
Independent news UK

domain: history


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Stocks in the U.S. are on pace for their third straight week of gains, undeterred by fiscal stimulus uncertainty in the near term. Fed Chair Jerome Powell again warned Congress last week of the long-term consequences a lack of further stimulus would have on the economy and urged passage of another major stimulus package. Third-quarter earnings season in the U.S. kicked off this week, with a mixed-bag of results from the financial sector. For the quarter, lower than expected loan loss provisions and strong trading revenue helped offset lower net interest margins for some the world’s largest banks. In Europe, rising infections and political uncertainty surrounding the U.K. continued to weigh on international developed markets. On the contrary, perceived strength in China’s economic recovery prospects propelled stocks higher, with the MSCI Emerging Markets Index tacking on more than 1% mid-week. On the data front, headline consumer price index (CPI/inflation) came in at 1.4% year-over-year, which was in line with expectations. Investors will be focusing on earnings and key economic data going forward, with retail sales and consumer sentiment due later this week. Interest rates trended lower this week, with the yield on the 2-year and 10-year Treasury notes trading around 0.14% and 0.72% respectively mid-week.
Source: Morningstar, JPM, Bloomberg, GSAM

domain: news


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Yesterday I went to People's Health Trust and Health Perfect, challenging traditional notions of health, not from a disease based model but what maintains good health; positive communities and neighbourhoods, opportunities, access to natural spaces. The local people have the solutions and insights and need support, which is what they offer through their small grants. An innovative, exciting point of view and wanting to engage in local conversations (not consultations). I learnt a lot and a fascinated to see the work others do and the people around the table and their work was inspiring, from green gyms to Alzheimers, and 3 dance groups, Street Factory www.streetfactorystudios.com/ and Wheel fever www.wheelfeverprojects.co.uk/
We have funding from them for Friends and Dancing next term to help train 2 peer group support facilitators.
Yesterday saw me at the Pearl Spectrum Conference, where i met some old friends, new acquaintances, and struggled to listen to informative lectures - always good to be reminded why i work in a fidgety arena and in the arts - there's always more to learn and i learn best from people, so a big thank you to Dean Beadle who gave a fantastic, insightful and hilarious talk.
I am about to write to our dear patron Rober Fripp as Dean left us for a long time wondering who his new obsession is, starting with Doctor Who ( not unusual) , it came out as a large overhead image of Toyah Wilcox, who he gets given a ticket to see in pantomine every year and waits expectantly to go to as his "treat"...Robert is married to Toyah and though we often talk about his bringing her to visit when he comes with cream cakes we haven't seen her (except on TV) for many years.
I am left with 2 pages of notes to do at the beginning of the holidays, and an invitation to perform at The Asylum tent on Kneehigh's Music and Dance evening, 8th August, which i might have to accept for a small group of us, another evening out at a beautiful venue ( if the weather holds), just checking performers availablity.
Big thank you to Barbara for coming on board to help us find funding for 2013, there are a wealth of ideas flying around. It is having to squash them into a box that makes sense to others, with a budget attached, that we now have to do 3 times over, at least. We have a skilled and enthusiastic team at the moment so here goes, it's not as lonely as it has been in the past.........
The Studio is developing, etc, while tidying i found what inspired us to work with Laura, this statement combined with the quality of the work in their exhibition.
Breadline Art Group
Lead artist: Laura Wild
Breadline Art Group began nine months ago. For the first few weeks it ran for two hours on Thursdays. We soon realised we needed more time and the day gradually lengthened. We then found ourselves becoming hungry so we started baking bread and eating healthy meals together. We have found that we are building a sense of community, a safe space for people who for a variety of reasons are homeless or vulnerably housed. The regularity of the Art Group gives structure to the week.
We work non-competitively and collaboratively whilst developing individual skills. We experiment with different materials and processes. We decide between us what we would like to do week by week and discuss at each stage how we can develop the work. We decided Mazey Day would be a good opportunity to show what we have been doing.
So entering the tying up loose ends week! and blogging to avoid work! off to look at application forms and our new 3 year possible plan, and the joy of working from home and in Cornwall, this afternoon sees us pier jumping in Mousehole- the teenagers, not me- and who knows a quick arty meeting with Sally or catch up with Colin maybe possible, or trying to explain new ideas to "interested"?! friends to practise for visiting The Works tomorrow for help on next bid, and the sun is still shining.
Photos, coming soon.

domain: artistic


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I have two F1 Morkie's that are five months apart. The Female is older than the male. When we first brought our male Morkie home, she would try two squeeze between me and the puppy and would try to mother the puppy. I just showed both Morkie's equal amount of attention in front of each other. They were best buddies in no time. Now, two years later they have had two litters of puppies together. Four in the first litter, five in the second litter. All puppies were very healthy and happy.
Answered by Anonymous - 5/24/2012 1:56:28 PM

domain: pet


Video is the most shareable content out there, so it’s crucial that you make sure it’s of the utmost quality.
And there’s nothing more frustrating than watching a video and realizing that it could be better but not being sure why. You can only fix a mistake if you know what it is.
Video editing mistakes can be the bane of your existence or a source of delight and wonder. It all depends on how you handle them. We’ll take you through some of the most common video editing issues and how to fix them!
The Most Common Video Editing Mistakes and How To Fix Them
1. Not planning enough
Suppose you’ve ever tried to shoot a video without doing any planning ahead of time. In that case, chances are good that you had ended up with some pretty lousy footage—or at least footage that could have been better if only someone had been thinking about it before and after filming.
The solution: Before you start shooting anything, take some time to write down what kinds of shots or scenes you want in your video. This will help ensure that when you’re out on location, you know exactly what’s expected of you and those around you. It also helps keep everyone focused on getting things done.
Having a clear story and goal is also vital before shooting. What do you want your audience to take away from watching? Do you want your viewers to laugh? Learn something?
Establish the goal and the audience, and create your content with them in mind!
2. Not taking advantage of the tools available to you.
Video editing software is great because it lets us do so many things—but we don’t always take advantage of all those tools! There are many ways we could make our videos better that would make our videos more engaging and easier for people to watch!
How about adding some text overlays? Or could you add transitions between clips? Or maybe there’s something else entirely that would make your video look better. Don’t be afraid to experiment!
As far as tools go, there’s no wrong answer. Programs like Adobe Premiere Pro CC, Final Cut Pro X, or Avid Media Composer all come with powerful editing tools that will make your life easier! You can also experiment with other editing tools like DaVinci Resolve or iMovie and see which one works best for you (you can download iMovie for PC if you don’t have a Mac).
3. Poor audio
The first thing people will notice about your video is the sound quality. Don’t underestimate your public – people can spot poor audio quality. If your audio is too loud, it can be challenging for viewers to hear what you’re saying. If it’s too soft, they won’t be able to understand you.
Also, think about whether or not you want to minimize some background noise – this will depend on the type of video you’re making.
You can fix audio WHILE filming. As a general rule, the less background noise there is, the better! (some exceptions apply).
If there’s some background noise that can’t be avoided (like traffic), try using a windscreen or external microphones that aren’t built into your camera or phone—they’ll pick up less background noise and give you better sound quality overall!
But if you haven’t been paying much attention while filming, you can always control your audio in post by using noise-reduction software like Audacity or Adobe Audition so that the background noise is minimized or removed altogether.
Record voice-over audio separately and combine it with other footage later during post-production editing, so you have more control over audio levels in your final product!
4. Not using the right music for your video
This is a major one; we’re not just talking about copyright issues. You need to find the right kind of music—one that’s not too cheesy or upbeat but isn’t too low-key and boring. It should match the tone of your video and feel like it fits with the overall message you’re trying to convey.
If you choose wisely, the music you use can enhance the meaning behind what you’re trying to say. It’s essential also to be consistent when it comes to this, but switch appropriately.
5. Improper jump cuts
Jump cuts have a lot more uses than you might expect. You can use them to:
- cover up any stumbles
- shorten the video and only get the essential info
- bring attention to something
- add energy and hype
The first mistake is when your video cuts off abruptly. This can be a real problem if you’re trying to convey information in an entertaining way—often, people will stop watching your videos if you have awkward cuts at random moments. The best way to fix this problem is by adding fades and other transitions between scenes, so everything flows smoothly.
But this can backfire too if your transitions are too harsh and discrepant. For example, it would be best to use a small focus area when cutting, so your video won’t make people feel too dizzy at the end.
You can get creative with jump cuts, so don’t just stick to the basics. Some people prefer to avoid jump cuts altogether by using a b-roll and filming the same scene from different perspectives/ angles.
6. Not being consistent
When editing your video, consistency is key! If one scene looks different from another, it can be jarring for viewers and cause them to lose interest in what’s happening on screen.
If your shots are all over the place, they will feel disjointed when put together as part of a narrative arc.
All of these elements have to remain constant throughout your video:
- The font you’re going to be using
- The editing you’ve done and the “look” of the video – that is, the colour correcting and colour grading should be the same in every scene.
- The overall tone of voice
That way, everything flows together smoothly from start to finish!
7. Not having enough footage for your project.
If you’re trying to create a short film and don’t have enough material, you will want to ensure that every scene serves a purpose in moving the story along rather than just being there because you filmed it. This can help avoid an “episodic” feel that viewers tend not to enjoy.
Fix: Think about how each scene relates to the story, and try connecting them with transitions or effects that reinforce this connection (like dissolves or wipes). This will help create cohesion and keep those random scenes feeling less random!
8. Incorrect aspect ratio
Suppose your footage is not properly formatted for the aspect ratio of your project (such as 16:9 or 4:3). In that case, it can appear distorted when played back on different devices or screens with different aspect ratios (such as laptops versus tablets).
A distorted image is distracting and can ruin the flow of your video. It’s like putting on pants that are too short or too long—they don’t fit right and make you look silly.
To avoid this, ensure your video editor is set up correctly before you start editing. And if you already made a mistake and want to fix it, you can adjust the aspect ratio settings in your preferred editing software.
9. Not having enough RAM
This is a mistake that people make all the time: thinking that they have enough memory to edit a video. The truth is that, if you’re going to be editing lots of videos, adding more RAM will make your life so much easier.
If you’re working with RAW footage or 4K video, you’ll want to make sure you have at least 16GB of RAM in your computer.
Video editing is a tricky art. It’s easy to get lost in the process and make mistakes that can ruin your entire project. Whether you’re editing for the first time or haven’t been doing it for a while, it always helps to follow these video editing tips for beginners. Whenever in doubt, you can take a more in-depth course to perfect your skills. There’s no such thing as too much learning when it comes to editing.


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R. Kelly Gets Beaten in Jail By Co-Inmate -- New Shocking Details Revealed
R. Kelly encountered a dreadful event behind bars after one of his co-inmates physically attacked him.
The attorneys of the record producer made a massive move after obtaining a video that shows an inmate beating their client. They further claimed that no police officer even "raised a finger" to stop the attacker.
On Friday, the singer's legal representatives submitted a court filing which revealed no one inside the correctional facility helped Kelly during the August attack.
What's worse is that they only ordered the attacker to stop when he has already severely beaten the singer.
According to CNN, the 53-year-old singer's legal team obtained a copy of the surveillance footage at the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Chicago.
They also stated that the assailant roamed around the facility first before attacking the singer. The event also allegedly left R. Kelly physically and psychologically unstable.
"An unresolved issue remains as to whether MCC personnel encouraged, and then allowed, a beating of Mr. Kelly to take place," Michael Leonard, a lawyer for R. Kelly, said. "That alone merits an evidentiary hearing."
The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Illinois and the Federal Bureau of Prisons are yet to directly comment about the issue. However, the latter published a report saying that a prison employee actually stopped the attacker immediately with a pepper spray.
Who Attacked R. Kelly?
In August, the attacker named Jeremiah Farmer came forward and admitted that he physically attacked R. Kelly to get the media spotlight on his own case.
Meanwhile, the facility's employee identified as "D. Szyhowski" is said to have met with Farmer before the inmate left the office against his order.
Szyhowski then recalled how Farmer headed directly into a restricted section. After a few minutes, the employee heard disturbing noises coming from a nearby cell.
Upon checking the place, he found Farmer on top of Kelly while repeatedly punching his head and torso.
Szyhowski also revealed that he ordered the attacker to stop before finally spraying his pepper spray. Farmer then stopped attacking and exited the cell.
Before the assault happened, R. Kelly's request to be released on bond in the previous month was denied.
The Second Circuit Court of Appeals' decision further explained that the prosecutors saw a "clear and convincing evidence" that the singer still presents a potential danger to the community.
In addition, they also saw him as a flight risk.
R. Kelly's Case
Since he entered the federal custody in July 2019, R. Kelly's legal team has already requested his release for at least six times.
Among the charges he is facing include child pornography and obstruction of justice in Illinois. He also received state charges for 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse in February 2019 and 11 more sexual offenses in May 2019.
In 2008, he stood trial on sexual offenses after being connected to child pornography charges by a jury.
Currently, he has pleaded not guilty to all the aforementioned charges. Despite that, he remains confined inside the correctional facility.


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2: 15 AM IST
ESPN Info Products and companies
Las Vegas can be at Cleveland at 4: 30 p.m. ET on Dec. 18, adopted by Contemporary England at Indianapolis at 8: 20 p.m. Each and each video games can be televised by NFL Network.
The league moreover made a switch to Week 13, flexing the 49ers at Seahawks game out of the Sunday night slot in prefer of the Broncos at Chiefs matchup. San Francisco at Seattle can be played at 4: 25 p.m. ET on Dec. 5 and televised by CBS, and Denver at Kansas City can be played at 8: 20 p.m. and be televised by NBC.
The three other Week 15 video games that per chance might per chance per chance per chance well were moved will live to bid the tale Sunday, Dec. 19. They are the Jets at Dolphins, Washington Football Team at Eagles, and Panthers at Bills. All three video games can be played at 1 p.m. ET.
NFL time desk makers typically utter video games on Saturdays in mid-to-leisurely December when college football’s unparalleled season has concluded. On Christmas Day, moreover a Saturday, the league might per chance per chance per chance well have Browns at Packers, adopted by Colts at Cardinals.
The Associated Press contributed to this document.


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From: Macomb Center for the Performing Arts
1/24/2014 - 1/25/2014
44575 Garfield Road (at Hall Road)
Macomb Community College-Center Campus
Clinton Township, MI 48038-1139
This weird and wonderful family comes to devilishly, delightful life in a magnificently macabre new musical comedy. From the creators of Jersey Boys, The Addams Family features an original story that’s every father’s nightmare. Your little girl has suddenly become a young woman, and what’s worse, has fallen deliriously in love with a sweet, smart young man from a respectable family. For information call (586) 286-2222.


The Route 220 Corridor Study Area begins at the southern limits of the Suncrest Heights subdivision and runs southwest along Route 220 to Franklin County. The study area consists of 1,384 acres of land, which is rural, predominately with single-family dwellings, some commercial and business properties and several churches. Access to the Blue Ridge Parkway is located 1.5 miles to the north of the study area. View a map of the Route 220 Corridor Study Area (PDF).
For additional information on the Route 220 Corridor Study, please contact Tammi Wood at 540-772-7522.


Jul 17, 2014 · Natural rubber latex and natural rubber solutions have been in use for several decades in the B2B industry. Nitrile synthetic rubber adhesive is widely used on natural and synthetic rubber materials. Several types of phenolic-based rubber adhesives work well with most types of rubber, as do resin-rubber blended glues and some polyurethanes ... Once the dried industrial adhesive has lifted from your skin, rinse off the lava soap and wash the area gently with regular soap and water. Look carefully for any stuck residue, and remove this by repeating the above steps with first oil and then lava soap. Clean off lava soap and dry thoroughly after all adhesive is finally gone. Zarchiver
Jul 17, 2017 · Step 1. Peel away as much of the glue as possible with your fingernail. Have patience, and work slowly. Take care that you do not cut the rubber itself with your fingernails. If your nails are very long, cut them before peeling away at the glue to protect the rubber.
There are pros and cons for each tape type, be it rubber/resin, synthetic rubber, acrylic, and silicone-based adhesives. Rubber/Resin is the oldest type of adhesive based on natural rubber, but it needs a resin to make it into an adhesive. For many jobs, rubber/resin adhesives offer many advantages: It is often a less expensive adhesive. Many small items are made from rubber as well, and they can be cut from either natural rubber sheets or sheets that are produced without NR, or with synthetic rubber, because it is created in a controlled environment with controlled materials, can be tailored to fit a particular task. Sep 16, 2009 · I need a recommendation for a particular adhesive. The application is to secure a synthetic rubber(not sure of exact composition) seal or gasket to smooth stainless steel that will remain at temperatures of at least 100C (212F) for 5+ hours at a time.
Shop vac dog poopVolume of a cylinder and cone worksheetNov 20, 2010 · On the other hand, if a temporary bond is required, then only either of the surfaces need to applied with rubber cement. Unlike glue, excess rubber cement can be removed without damaging or wrinkling the sheet of paper. Considering it's peculiar qualities, rubber cement is best suited for card making, photo lamination, and collage crafts, etc. Place both materials on top of an old towel on a flat surface. Step 2 Spray one side of the neoprene with an even, medium to thick coat of 3M 77 spray adhesive. This adhesive will dry clear, so if you get some on a part of the neoprene that the glue is not supposed to be on, don't worry.
Rubber-Based Adhesives Adhesives Research’s rubber-based adhesive systems are composed of natural or synthetic elastomers that have been tackified by the addition of various resins. These cost effective adhesives have good tack and shear properties and offer good adhesion to materials with both high- and low-surface energy. Rubber is among the most easily bonded substrates, and bonding provides a variety of advantages over mechanical fastening. Primarily, Cyberbond rubber adhesives are superior to mechanical fasteners because they don’t create stress in the part, whereas mechanical fasteners necessarily do; this can cause damage to the part or destroy it altogether.


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A healthy breakfast every morning is absolutely a great and amazing way to begin your day. This is because a proper breakfast fuels the body with the required energy to be able to go through the days activities.
But mind you that eating an unhealthy breakfast is worst than not eating at all. This is because the foods we eat in the morning plays a great role in shaping our health and overall performance and productivity level during the day.
An unhealthy breakfast can have an adverse effect on your body and hinder you from performing at the optimal level.
To this end therefore, we should always be conscious about the kind of foods we eat in the morning having known that the quality of our day and productivity level greatly depends on a healthy diet.
A proper breakfast should be able to energize you and ensure you, fill you up and ensure that you don't over eat during later meals.
Having said all these, the big question on everyone's lips right now is what kind of foods should I eat in the morning.
Here are some healthy breakfast foods you should start eating from today to ensure not just a proper health but a productive day as well.
3. Whole grain foods
5. Nuts and butter
6. Sweet potatoes

domain: food


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I kid you not, it's THIS easy.
The chipotle peppers in adobo can pack a punch, so if you're sensitive to spice, tread lightly!
Love this recipe?
Tag @thelastdietitian Instagram!
If you enjoyed this recipe you should consider one of my quarterly meal guides! It includes 4 weeks of recipes and weekly grocery lists! As a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor, my goal is to be the last dietitian you ever need. I love food and firmly believe in food freedom forever. My services are virtual so no matter where you are, we can find a way to help you have your cake and eat it too! Click here to inquire.


4 August 2014 Edition
Sinn Féin minister’s CAP deal delivers for all farmers
‘This has been a very contentious issue and Sinn Féin has shown we can deliver for all farmers’
SINN FÉIN Agriculture Minister Michelle O’Neill has secured a deal on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) worth £623million to rural communities.
The deal ensures a fairer distribution of European money to farmers and includes an £80million pledge for rural development.
The multi-million-pound investment means farmers in disadvantaged areas, such as hill farmers, will get a more equitable deal.
After months of negotiations, Minister O’Neill brokered an agreement that ensures a fairer distribution of European funding to local farmers.
“This has been a very contentious issue and Sinn Féin has shown we can deliver for all farmers.
“This is an investment of £623million, making it the biggest-ever investment in a rural development programme.
“It will be spent right across rural communities to support development projects like community centres to help isolated rural communities get together,” the Agriculture Minister said.
The Mid-Ulster MLA said the deal brokered on CAP has been welcomed by a wide range of farming organisations, including the Ulster Farmers’ Union.
“This is a time of significant change for farming and rural communities and they asked me for clarity and that is what has been delivered.
“This is a reasonable, fair and balanced approach which is great news for rural communities,” she said.
Sinn Féin MEP Martina Anderson and Sinn Féin Agriculture spokesperson and East Antrim MLA Oliver McMullan also welcomed the deal.


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Sons of Season Predictions
One month to kickoff!
It has been a long and winding road to get to the start of the 2021 season. However, we are now just a month away from the Hokies starting their 2021 campaign with their first game against UNC on September 3rd.
It is no secret that this season is pivotal for Justin Fuente and his coaching staff, as well as the program as a whole. In year six Fuente's hot seat meter is blistering hot in the national media as well as locally with the majority of the fanbase on edge. You will hear this over the course of the next 4 weeks and beyond, but this season is "make-or-break" for Fuente. Most believe that anything less than 8 wins would result in his removal.
Thankfully, it is almost time to put away speculation and start dealing with actual results. These results, which are nearly impossible to predict these days in the Hokie program, were thought long and hard about when composing our season predictions. The outcome? Our Scribes of Saturday season predictions. As expected, they varied wildly. Enjoy!
Scibes of Saturday Season Predictions
Adam Rothe - Record: 5-7
This is a do-or-die season for Justin Fuente and his staff. If you look around, most odds makers are setting the Virginia Tech win total at over/under 7.5, with 7 total wins being a very popular selection. This makes my prediction fall on the more pessimistic end of the possible win/loss spectrum. The main reason for my choice is Fuente's inability to consistently produce results week after week. Improved recruiting is great, but the only thing that matters is results on the field, and winning cures all. All Hokie fans know that at some point this season Tech will be beaten by a team that should not beat them. Will it be Richmond? Syracuse? Duke? All those teams should be easy wins for the Hokies, but we've seen year after year "easy wins" turn into horrible losses, such as Old Dominion 2018, Duke 2019, and Wake Forest 2020. It also doesn't help that the Hokies lost two of their three best offensive players in the off-season, with QB Hendon Hooker transferring to Tennessee and RB Khalil Herbert being drafted by the Chicago Bears. This leaves many questions for Braxton Burmeister, the unproven QB transfer from Oregon, whose performances ran the gambit when on the field last year. Thankfully, the Hokies still have a potential First-Team All-ACC Tight End with James Mitchell, and more depth at the Wide Receiver position then they've had in a while, but many questions remain.
The one area of the field that Hokie fans are hoping for vast improvement is the defense. Justin Hamilton's defense should be much improved with a few key pieces returning along with the ability to have a full offseason program. The expectations are much higher than last year for Hamilton and his staff, so failure to produce results on the defensive end of the ball could be catastrophic for this Hokie team that's trying to bounce back. At the end of the day, there's a world where the Hokies are 2-3 after their first five games with Justin Fuente potentially getting the axe at that time, and there's also a world where the Hokies are 4-1 or 5-0, but if history has taught us anything about this staff it's that it will lean towards the first option. I have been burned too many times by Fuente to give them a winning record this season. My 5-7 prediction includes losses to UNC, West Virginia, Notre Dame, Pittsburgh, Boston College, Miami, and one team we don't expect. Hopefully I'm wrong.
Mike McDaniel - Record: 8-4
This will undoubtedly be a popular statement, but it's "put up or shut up" time for Justin Fuente and the Hokies. It has been an up-and-down last few years for the program, and it's hard to imagine Fuente and his staff surviving another sub-par season on the field. Despite the unfortunate circumstances surrounding the Isi Etute murder investigation, which is in no way a reflection of the coaching staff, it has been a pretty strong offseason for the Hokies following a COVID-riddled 5-6 record in 2020. Co-defensive line coach Darryl Tapp left the program to head to the NFL, but was quickly replaced by noted VT alum and DC metro recruiter J.C. Price, who was most recently an assistant at Marshall. Price has immediately meshed with the staff and has been one of many recruiters responsible for the improved summer on the trail. Despite some wins in recruiting this summer, the fate of this staff rides on an improved on-field product this fall. September could make-or-break the campaign, as the Hokies host three of their first four opponents at home, highlighted by a marquee season-opener against Coastal Division favorite North Carolina on Labor Day weekend, and a trip to Morgantown to face-off against long-time rival West Virginia in the middle of the month.
The Hokies begin October against 2020 College Football Playoff participant Notre Dame before finishing with seven straight conference games, with four of those coming on the road. If the Hokies can make it through September with three wins or better against North Carolina, Middle Tennessee, West Virginia, and Richmond, I really like how this schedule sets up for Tech the rest of the way. Despite having to play Notre Dame and going on the road to Miami, some of Tech's toughest conference games are at home in October and November. I think an optimist can look at this schedule and see the Hokies going 9-3, because don't get it twisted, there's plenty of starting talent remaining on this roster. However, I think anything between six wins and eight wins is most likely, with nine wins being an unbelievably strong year and less than six wins being an unmitigated disaster. If the Hokies win seven games or less, it's most likely due to an injury to quarterback Braxton Burmeister, or lack of health on the offensive and defensive lines. Depth is a problem at those three positions that absolutely needs to be addressed, but if the Hokies can weather the storm with existing depth issues in 2021, there could be reasons to be optimistic moving forward as a program, despite all of the negativity and issues surrounding the team over the last few years. As for those wondering who I believe Tech will lose to, my best guess is at home against North Carolina, at home against Notre Dame, on the road on a short week against Boston College, and on the road against Miami in November. I think the Hokies will beat West Virginia in Morgantown, which could have a significant impact on Fuente's future in regard to older donors. Do not underestimate the impact of that football game (win or lose) to the optics of Fuente among high-ranking officials associated with the football program.
Chris Himes - Record: 9-3
There are usually two approaches to projecting a team’s final record. One is going week-by-week in a line item fashion based on the matchup. The other is to assess the team’s aggregate level of returning production and historical performance. I tend to go with the latter approach since there are usually too many variables to consider as you zoom into each week, which begs the follow-up question. Given the veritable roller coaster that has been Virginia Tech’s football program over the last 5 seasons, what can Hokie fans realistically expect from a team led by Justin Fuente in 2021?
Well, I think we can at least agree that the 2018 and 2020 seasons were both weird. Debilitating injuries, toxicity within the locker room, and a very young depth chart all played a significant role in the team going 6-7 in 2018. And if you look at 2020, COVID played a huge reason in the staff’s inability to implement a new defensive scheme or conduct any resemblance of a traditional fall camp due to COVID protocols, meaning the team played last season with very little schematic foundation or continuity which resulted in a 5-6 season, that if you projected a full schedule (they only played 11 games), it probably would have led to a 6-7 record had VT played all 13 games. Don’t get me wrong, both of those outcomes are terrible… but also informative. Why?
Because even when the season was awful, the floor of a Justin Fuente led team seems to be around 6 wins.
Now for the bright side. In the other three seasons (2016, 2017, and 2019), the team won 10, 9, and 8 games respectively. So for me, I would compare the 2021 Hokies to those outcomes since there is stability going into the season among the staff and at QB, the position groups have a solid amount of talent at each level, and they finally had a “normal” offseason in terms of camp and getting their players some much needed reps.
Meaning, the 2021 version of the Hokies will probably be better than 2019, especially with the improvement across the offensive and defensive lines, so if the team stays healthy, they should be pretty good all things considered. So the real potential of this roster likely falls somewhere in between the 2016 and 2017 seasons which has me predicting at least a solid 9 win season, with some big wins early, some frustrating road losses late, and a strong finish that has Tech in contention for another ACC Championship appearance.
Evan Norris - Record: 8-4
It would be an understatement to say that this upcoming season for the Virginia Tech Hokies may be the most important of ones in recent years. Not only because of the pressure being imposed by the fanbase upon the coaching staff, but because of the repercussions that a flop of a season could mean for the program. There is no secret that a bad showing by Fuente and company this season will most likely lead to the exit of the current head coach. However, from what I have seen from Fuente in the past, when his back is against the wall, is that he wins. A couple of situations I can think of off the top of my head in terms of the team fighting out of the corner are the Miami game during the 2019 season and the Virginia during the 2018 season. In both situations, the Hokies needed a win and pulled it out despite heavy criticism and doubts from outsiders. This semblance to be able to never fully fall down is why I have the Hokies at the 8-4 mark.
I think the schedule holds a lot of obstacles such as UNC (Week 1), WVU on the Road (Week 3), Notre Dame (Week 6), and having back-to-back road trips to end the season against Miami and UVA (Week 11/12). I think the Hokies this season, with a full spring and summer camp to prepare, can compile a complete unit both offensively and defensively. And with talks of a much improved defense, I can see the Hokies pulling in 8 to 9 wins in the 2021 season with losses possibly coming from some combination of UNC, Notre Dame, Boston College, and Miami. If the season goes according to plan, I can see huge things happening for the Hokies in the 2022 season with a manageable schedule and lots of talent returning.
Grant Mitchell - Record: 8-4
Listen, the Justin Fuente regime has not risen to the heights that Frank Beamer's did, though nobody should have seriously expected that; looking around sports as a whole, it is nearly impossible to find a scenario in which a legendary coach has stepped out and he has been immediately replaced by an equal. With that being said, the current crew has changed its focus on the recruiting path, lost touch with the fan base, and most importantly, lost more games than they were supposed to after Fuente was hired. This has led to the program's reputation and prestige diminishing in recent times, especially with the legendary Bowl streak coming to an end.
For as many negatives as there are and have been in recent years, the Hokies have a talented group of players; the losses of recent NFL draft picks have not been entirely filled, but they have serviceable replacements, if nothing else. VT also has some of the best positional players in the entire ACC and their starters are sound across the board; where they could run into trouble is with their depth, which is shaky at best. The staff has secured a few impressive commitments over the summer, though they are still a year away from arriving.
Tech's upcoming schedule is very favorable, especially when considering what it could have been— a late-season road trip will prove to be the toughest stretch of games, though they are mostly against beatable opponents, while the "tough games"— vs UNC, at West Virginia, vs Notre Dame— are against programs that are in the lower tier of the contenders.
Now that the Hokies will not be seriously set back by COVID positives and protocols that forced them to have one of the worst training camps imaginable, look for them to restore faith amongst fans as they win a decent amount of games and continue to bolster their future talent.

domain: sports


Day 4 of rehearsals is here! Today, the remaining semi-final 2 participants will take to the Eurovision 2018 stage in the host city of Lisbon, ready for their first set of official stage rehearsals for the competition. The Hungarian group is up next on the Eurovision stage today, ready for their first rehearsals of the contest.
It’s the fourth day of Eurovision 2018 rehearsals at the Altice Arena in Lisbon, where the first rehearsal for the semi-finalists will conclude with the remaining semi-final 2 participants. A further 9 acts will take to the stage today; let’s see how their rehearsals go!
AWS from Hungary is fourth onstage today for their first rehearsal ahead of next week’s second semi-final, where they will be competing with their song Viszlát nyár.
Hungary’s performance is on fire, literally! It’s a pyro dream for Hungary’s first rehearsal today, with plenty of fire to work in with the rock-metal theme of AWS’s entry for Eurovision 2018. It’s getting hot in the Altice Arena today!
First look at Hungary’s first rehearsal for Eurovision 2018
It truly is a rock performance from AWS at the venue, really working with their song entry and adding so much to the staging. The guitarist of the band even goes crowd surfing during the performance, a move which will really get the audience going on the night of the semi-final.
Whilst Hungary’s song may be a love/hate entry amongst Eurovision fans, the performance itself is a stand out and will gain interest for first time viewers, especially considering the different music genre.
Get ready for an extreme flashing light kind of performance from Hungary on the night.
Official first rehearsal clip of Hungary 2018
Hungary’s first rehearsal in images
All images from the rehearsals are provided by Eurovision.tv
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Flushed wet wipes cause Hemel Hempstead play area closure
12 September 2018
Baby wipes are causing hundreds of thousands of blockages in the UK sewer system and costing the country £100m every year, despite packaging describing them as “flushable”.
Wet wipes are often partly made of polyester, a form of plastic that doesn’t deteriorate like, for example, a tissue might do. This is woven together with cotton, but as a whole means wipes remain together in waterways for a long time.
Consequences to the issue were clear after Gadebridge’s brand new play area had to be closed for several days after raw sewage, caused by a wet wipe and 'unflushables' blockage, flooded the area. Thames Water said it had to disinfect all the equipment at the park in Hemel Hempstead, as well as replacing 22 tonnes of sand, after the sewer became blocked.
The Area Performance Manager for the water company commented, "It may seem convenient to put a wet wipe down the toilet but as we saw here, the consequences can be severe and can seriously impact the environment-“encouraging the use of toilet paper and the correct disposal of wet wipes.


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Even though they are no longer dating, Lindsey Vonn says she still has a bond with Tiger Woods and that the two are still friends. While Vonn says a lot has been made of her break-up with Tiger Woods, it wasn’t as dramatic as some would think. Lindsey Vonn explains that it was difficult, as she is still working hard on her Olympic aspirations as an Alpine skier and Tiger Woods was trying to make a comeback in the world of golf.
Lindsey Vonn Initially Blamed Her Split With Tiger Woods On Hectic Schedules
After Lindsey Vonn and Tiger Woods broke up, she blamed the failure on being busy. In truth, both Vonn and Tiger Woods were at awkward points in their careers. Both professional athletes were overcoming injuries and attempting comebacks, and it added strain to their relationship.
“Unfortunately, we both lead incredibly hectic lives that force us to spend a majority of our time apart.”
Lindsey Vonn had reworked her diet in order to continue her rehabilitation after taking a fall, and Tiger Woods was trying to make a comeback after going to rehab after his very public break-up with his former wife, Elin. Tiger Woods was recovering from spinal surgery and took some time away from golf to open a restaurant in Jupiter, Florida.
Lindsey Vonn Is Opening Up About Tiger Woods’ Stubborn Streak
Now, Lindsey Vonn is willing to talk more about why dating Tiger Woods didn’t work out. Vonn said that she dated Woods for two years, and though they are still friends, there were some basic problems between them, says the New York Post. Lindsey Vonn explains that she had deep feelings for Tiger Woods.
“I mean… I was in love. I loved him and we’re still friends. Sometimes, I wish he would have listened to me a little more, but he’s very stubborn and he likes to go his own way.”
Perhaps Vonn is thinking back about her break up with Tiger Words due to her recent split from boyfriend Kenan Smith. But Vonn adds that she still keeps in touch with Tiger Woods, and they talk and text regularly. Right now, Lindsey Vonn is focused on the Winter Olympics next month in South Korea, but she still hopes that Tiger Woods can make it back to the top of the golf world.
“I hope this latest comeback sticks. I hope he goes back to winning tournaments.”
Although Tiger Woods is less likely to speak to the press about his private life, it seems that he still is fond of Vonn.
Vonn Wishes Tiger Woods Well As She Heads To Olympics In South Korea
Lindsey Vonn’s sister Karin Kildow explained that the things that broke up Vonn and Woods were pretty normal, but it was all made worse because it was all so public, says Sports Illustrated.
“It’s hard enough to break up with a boyfriend without having to issue a press release about it.”
Lindsey Vonn will compete in several downhill skiing events next month in PyeongChang, South Korea.


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Lem Tolley was the 3rd Master Distiller.
His signature is etched into the front of this Jack Daniels glass. The other side are his dates he served as Master Distiller 1941-1964.
This collectible glass was part of a series beginning in the 1990s which commemorated the first six Master Distillers.
Beautiful Old No 7 highball glass made to match the 1971 Gold Medal Jack Daniel’s...
Jack won his his fourth Gold Medal in 1914. Replica of the Gold Medal on...
Swirled bottom vintage Gentleman Jack Daniels Glass with the vintage horse logo. A release from...


text: Alot of you probably already know this but for those who dont, iTunes is accualy very useful for creating CD case inserts. 1. In iTunes, open "Music" 2.Click on "File" than scroll down to "Print" (Don't worry it's not accualy going to print) 3.From here you can print a series of different mosiac covers, text only covers, single covers and large playlist covers. *This will print a covers of your music library, if you would like to do the same for movies, playlists, ect. go into "Print" while in that library. *You can also create song and album listings this same way. http://www.cnettv.com/9742-1_53-29408.html Have fun.

domain: entertainment


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Please contact us now. We will be happy to advise you without obligation!
Enter keyword and press "Enter" to search
Here you can learn more about our clinic and take a look behind the scenes. We also introduce you to our team. Our commitment goes far beyond that of the patients. We cooperate with various institutions, companies and organisations to get things done. Prof. Dr. Sinis also supports charitable institutione. A professional and thorough follow-up treatment is of great importance for the success of a facelift. The patient can contribute a lot to the quick healing process through his own behaviour. A well-shaped nose shapes the face. Even small deviations can disturb the overall harmony.Continue reading
In Germany, many people suffer from aesthetic malformations of the nose such as shape defects, hump formation or misalignment. For those affected, this means being exposed to constant suffering. Modern nasal surgery offers the possibility of correcting nose shapes or inflammatory changes (rhinophyma or bulbous nose) without surgery. Rhinoplasty is one of the most demanding operations in plastic and aesthetic surgery. As part of our surgical spectrum of nose corrections, we also offer the injection or correction of small deformities with hyaluronic acid. It is not uncommon and makes sense for hyaluronic acid application to the nose, lip or nasolabial folds to be combined with a nose operation.
Duration of the operation: 20 min
Length of stay in the clinic: no stay necessary
Anaesthesia: only local anaesthetic ointment
Follow-up treatment: every 6 to 12 months
Resumption of normal social activity: 1 to 2 days after the treatment
Do you have any questions or would you like to make an appointment? Give us a call!

domain: medical


text:
You can get your hands on some excellent new wallpapers by joining up at the BatiFans.com Alvaro Bautista Fan Forum – where 2 new “XIX” designs (roman numerals for ’19’ as per his tattoo) are available in both standard and widescreen formats in the “Members Only” area. (*As shown in the thumbnails above)
There is also video available for registered members, and many more downloads and goodies wil be added over time.
The new forum is primarily for Alvaro Bautista fans, though we’d love to see anybody who loves MotoGP in general of course, and hopefully we can build up a great community of like-minded fans of the sport and its best riders. (And one in particular…)
If you want these exclusive wallpapers, and want to get lined up for other downloads – and to chat with other Bati / MotoGP fans then sign up now. Click here…
- Dani Pedrosa: zen soundbites
- "He's considering me as a rival" - Rins talks Marquez
- This Sunday on BT Sport: Rossi interview and a 2013 review
- Crutchlow: "Miller has the talent to beat Marc"
- 2020 British and Australian Grands Prix cancelled
- KTM back on track at private Austria test
- Rins, Aleix Espargaro and more lap Catalunya
- GPC: MotoGP™ 2020 engine allocation update

domain: hobby


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Ch a p ter
Under “Rates & Bonds,” you
can access information on key
interest rates, U.S. Treasuries,
Government bonds, and
Understanding Interest Rates
Interest rates are among the most closely watched variables in the economy. Their
movements are reported almost daily by the news media, because they directly affect
our everyday lives and have important consequences for the health of the economy.
They affect personal decisions such as whether to consume or save, whether to buy a
house, and whether to purchase bonds or put funds into a savings account. Interest
rates also affect the economic decisions of businesses and households, such as
whether to use their funds to invest in new equipment for factories or to save their
money in a bank.
Before we can go on with the study of money, banking, and financial markets, we
must understand exactly what the phrase interest rates means. In this chapter, we see
that a concept known as the yield to maturity is the most accurate measure of interest
rates; the yield to maturity is what economists mean when they use the term interest
rate. We discuss how the yield to maturity is measured and examine alternative (but
less accurate) ways in which interest rates are quoted. We’ll also see that a bond’s
interest rate does not necessarily indicate how good an investment the bond is
because what it earns (its rate of return) does not necessarily equal its interest rate.
Finally, we explore the distinction between real interest rates, which are adjusted for
inflation, and nominal interest rates, which are not.
Although learning definitions is not always the most exciting of pursuits, it is
important to read carefully and understand the concepts presented in this chapter.
Not only are they continually used throughout the remainder of this text, but a firm
grasp of these terms will give you a clearer understanding of the role that interest rates
play in your life as well as in the general economy.
Measuring Interest Rates
Different debt instruments have very different streams of payment with very different
timing. Thus we first need to understand how we can compare the value of one kind
of debt instrument with another before we see how interest rates are measured. To do
this, we make use of the concept of present value.
The concept of present value (or present discounted value) is based on the commonsense notion that a dollar paid to you one year from now is less valuable to you than
a dollar paid to you today: This notion is true because you can deposit a dollar in a
savings account that earns interest and have more than a dollar in one year.
Economists use a more formal definition, as explained in this section.
Let’s look at the simplest kind of debt instrument, which we will call a simple
loan. In this loan, the lender provides the borrower with an amount of funds (called
the principal) that must be repaid to the lender at the maturity date, along with an
additional payment for the interest. For example, if you made your friend, Jane, a simple loan of $100 for one year, you would require her to repay the principal of $100
in one year’s time along with an additional payment for interest; say, $10. In the case
of a simple loan like this one, the interest payment divided by the amount of the loan
is a natural and sensible way to measure the interest rate. This measure of the socalled simple interest rate, i, is:
If you make this $100 loan, at the end of the year you would have $110, which
can be rewritten as:
$100 (1 0.10) $110
If you then lent out the $110, at the end of the second year you would have:
$110 (1 0.10) $121
$100 (1 0.10) (1 0.10) $100 (1 0.10)2 $121
Continuing with the loan again, you would have at the end of the third year:
$121 (1 0.10) $100 (1 0.10)3 $133
Generalizing, we can see that at the end of n years, your $100 would turn into:
$100 (1 i)n
The amounts you would have at the end of each year by making the $100 loan today
can be seen in the following timeline:
$100 (1 0.10)n
This timeline immediately tells you that you are just as happy having $100 today
as having $110 a year from now (of course, as long as you are sure that Jane will pay
you back). Or that you are just as happy having $100 today as having $121 two years
from now, or $133 three years from now or $100 (1 0.10)n, n years from now.
The timeline tells us that we can also work backward from future amounts to the present: for example, $133 $100 (1 0.10)3 three years from now is worth $100
today, so that:
(1 0.10 )3
The process of calculating today’s value of dollars received in the future, as we have
done above, is called discounting the future. We can generalize this process by writing
Understanding Interest Rates
today’s (present) value of $100 as PV, the future value of $133 as FV, and replacing
0.10 (the 10% interest rate) by i. This leads to the following formula:
(1 i )n
Intuitively, what Equation 1 tells us is that if you are promised $1 for certain ten
years from now, this dollar would not be as valuable to you as $1 is today because if
you had the $1 today, you could invest it and end up with more than $1 in ten years.
The concept of present value is extremely useful, because it allows us to figure
out today’s value (price) of a credit market instrument at a given simple interest rate
i by just adding up the individual present values of all the future payments received.
This information allows us to compare the value of two instruments with very different timing of their payments.
As an example of how the present value concept can be used, let’s assume that
you just hit the $20 million jackpot in the New York State Lottery, which promises
you a payment of $1 million for the next twenty years. You are clearly excited, but
have you really won $20 million? No, not in the present value sense. In today’s dollars, that $20 million is worth a lot less. If we assume an interest rate of 10% as in the
earlier examples, the first payment of $1 million is clearly worth $1 million today, but
the next payment next year is only worth $1 million/(1 0.10) $909,090, a lot less
than $1 million. The following year the payment is worth $1 million/(1 0.10)2
$826,446 in today’s dollars, and so on. When you add all these up, they come to $9.4
million. You are still pretty excited (who wouldn’t be?), but because you understand
the concept of present value, you recognize that you are the victim of false advertising. You didn’t really win $20 million, but instead won less than half as much.
Four Types of
In terms of the timing of their payments, there are four basic types of credit market
1. A simple loan, which we have already discussed, in which the lender provides
the borrower with an amount of funds, which must be repaid to the lender at the
maturity date along with an additional payment for the interest. Many money market
instruments are of this type: for example, commercial loans to businesses.
2. A fixed-payment loan (which is also called a fully amortized loan) in which the
lender provides the borrower with an amount of funds, which must be repaid by making the same payment every period (such as a month), consisting of part of the principal and interest for a set number of years. For example, if you borrowed $1,000, a
fixed-payment loan might require you to pay $126 every year for 25 years. Installment
loans (such as auto loans) and mortgages are frequently of the fixed-payment type.
3. A coupon bond pays the owner of the bond a fixed interest payment (coupon
payment) every year until the maturity date, when a specified final amount (face
value or par value) is repaid. The coupon payment is so named because the bondholder used to obtain payment by clipping a coupon off the bond and sending it to
the bond issuer, who then sent the payment to the holder. Nowadays, it is no longer
necessary to send in coupons to receive these payments. A coupon bond with $1,000
face value, for example, might pay you a coupon payment of $100 per year for ten
years, and at the maturity date repay you the face value amount of $1,000. (The face
value of a bond is usually in $1,000 increments.)
A coupon bond is identified by three pieces of information. First is the corporation or government agency that issues the bond. Second is the maturity date of the
bond. Third is the bond’s coupon rate, the dollar amount of the yearly coupon payment expressed as a percentage of the face value of the bond. In our example, the
coupon bond has a yearly coupon payment of $100 and a face value of $1,000. The
coupon rate is then $100/$1,000 0.10, or 10%. Capital market instruments such
as U.S. Treasury bonds and notes and corporate bonds are examples of coupon bonds.
4. A discount bond (also called a zero-coupon bond) is bought at a price below
its face value (at a discount), and the face value is repaid at the maturity date. Unlike
a coupon bond, a discount bond does not make any interest payments; it just pays off
the face value. For example, a discount bond with a face value of $1,000 might be
bought for $900; in a year’s time the owner would be repaid the face value of $1,000.
U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. savings bonds, and long-term zero-coupon bonds are examples of discount bonds.
These four types of instruments require payments at different times: Simple loans
and discount bonds make payment only at their maturity dates, whereas fixed-payment
loans and coupon bonds have payments periodically until maturity. How would you
decide which of these instruments provides you with more income? They all seem so
different because they make payments at different times. To solve this problem, we use
the concept of present value, explained earlier, to provide us with a procedure for
measuring interest rates on these different types of instruments.
Yield to Maturity
Of the several common ways of calculating interest rates, the most important is the
yield to maturity, the interest rate that equates the present value of payments
received from a debt instrument with its value today.1 Because the concept behind the
calculation of the yield to maturity makes good economic sense, economists consider
it the most accurate measure of interest rates.
To understand the yield to maturity better, we now look at how it is calculated
for the four types of credit market instruments.
Simple Loan. Using the concept of present value, the yield to maturity on a simple
loan is easy to calculate. For the one-year loan we discussed, today’s value is $100,
and the payments in one year’s time would be $110 (the repayment of $100 plus the
interest payment of $10). We can use this information to solve for the yield to maturity i by recognizing that the present value of the future payments must equal today’s
value of a loan. Making today’s value of the loan ($100) equal to the present value of
the $110 payment in a year (using Equation 1) gives us:
Solving for i,
This calculation of the yield to maturity should look familiar, because it equals
the interest payment of $10 divided by the loan amount of $100; that is, it equals the
simple interest rate on the loan. An important point to recognize is that for simple
loans, the simple interest rate equals the yield to maturity. Hence the same term i is used
to denote both the yield to maturity and the simple interest rate.
In other contexts, it is also called the internal rate of return.
Understanding Interest Rates
The key to understanding the calculation of the yield to maturity is equating today’s
value of the debt instrument with the present value of all of its future payments. The
best way to learn this principle is to apply it to other specific examples of the four types
of credit market instruments in addition to those we discuss here. See if you can develop
the equations that would allow you to solve for the yield to maturity in each case.
Fixed-Payment Loan. Recall that this type of loan has the same payment every period
throughout the life of the loan. On a fixed-rate mortgage, for example, the borrower
makes the same payment to the bank every month until the maturity date, when the
loan will be completely paid off. To calculate the yield to maturity for a fixed-payment
loan, we follow the same strategy we used for the simple loan—we equate today’s
value of the loan with its present value. Because the fixed-payment loan involves more
than one payment, the present value of the fixed-payment loan is calculated as the
sum of the present values of all payments (using Equation 1).
In the case of our earlier example, the loan is $1,000 and the yearly payment is
$126 for the next 25 years. The present value is calculated as follows: At the end of
one year, there is a $126 payment with a PV of $126/(1 i); at the end of two years,
there is another $126 payment with a PV of $126/(1 i)2; and so on until at the end
of the twenty-fifth year, the last payment of $126 with a PV of $126/(1 i)25 is made.
Making today’s value of the loan ($1,000) equal to the sum of the present values of all
the yearly payments gives us:
. . . $126
(1 i )
(1 i )
(1 i )25
More generally, for any fixed-payment loan,
. . . FP
(1 i )
(1 i )
(1 i )n
LV loan value
FP fixed yearly payment
n number of years until maturity
For a fixed-payment loan amount, the fixed yearly payment and the number of
years until maturity are known quantities, and only the yield to maturity is not. So we
can solve this equation for the yield to maturity i. Because this calculation is not easy,
many pocket calculators have programs that allow you to find i given the loan’s numbers for LV, FP, and n. For example, in the case of the 25-year loan with yearly payments
of $126, the yield to maturity that solves Equation 2 is 12%. Real estate brokers always
have a pocket calculator that can solve such equations so that they can immediately tell
the prospective house buyer exactly what the yearly (or monthly) payments will be if
the house purchase is financed by taking out a mortgage.2
Coupon Bond. To calculate the yield to maturity for a coupon bond, follow the same
strategy used for the fixed-payment loan: Equate today’s value of the bond with its
present value. Because coupon bonds also have more than one payment, the present
The calculation with a pocket calculator programmed for this purpose requires simply that you enter
the value of the loan LV, the number of years to maturity n, and the interest rate i and then run the program.
value of the bond is calculated as the sum of the present values of all the coupon payments plus the present value of the final payment of the face value of the bond.
The present value of a $1,000-face-value bond with ten years to maturity and
yearly coupon payments of $100 (a 10% coupon rate) can be calculated as follows:
At the end of one year, there is a $100 coupon payment with a PV of $100/(1 i );
at the end of the second year, there is another $100 coupon payment with a PV of
$100/(1 i )2; and so on until at maturity, there is a $100 coupon payment with a
PV of $100/(1 i )10 plus the repayment of the $1,000 face value with a PV of
$1,000/(1 i )10. Setting today’s value of the bond (its current price, denoted by P)
equal to the sum of the present values of all the payments for this bond gives:
. . . $100 $1,000
(1 i )
(1 i )
(1 i )10
(1 i )10
More generally, for any coupon bond,3
(1 i )
(1 i )
(1 i )
(1 i )n
P price of coupon bond
C yearly coupon payment
F face value of the bond
n years to maturity date
In Equation 3, the coupon payment, the face value, the years to maturity, and the
price of the bond are known quantities, and only the yield to maturity is not. Hence
we can solve this equation for the yield to maturity i. Just as in the case of the fixedpayment loan, this calculation is not easy, so business-oriented pocket calculators
have built-in programs that solve this equation for you.4
Let’s look at some examples of the solution for the yield to maturity on our 10%coupon-rate bond that matures in ten years. If the purchase price of the bond is
$1,000, then either using a pocket calculator with the built-in program or looking at
a bond table, we will find that the yield to maturity is 10 percent. If the price is $900,
we find that the yield to maturity is 11.75%. Table 1 shows the yields to maturity calculated for several bond prices.
Table 1 Yields to Maturity on a 10%-Coupon-Rate Bond Maturing in Ten
Years (Face Value = $1,000)
Price of Bond ($)
Yield to Maturity (%)
Most coupon bonds actually make coupon payments on a semiannual basis rather than once a year as assumed
here. The effect on the calculations is only very slight and will be ignored here.
The calculation of a bond’s yield to maturity with the programmed pocket calculator requires simply that you
enter the amount of the yearly coupon payment C, the face value F, the number of years to maturity n, and the
price of the bond P and then run the program.
Understanding Interest Rates
Three interesting facts are illustrated by Table 1:
1. When the coupon bond is priced at its face value, the yield to maturity equals the
2. The price of a coupon bond and the yield to maturity are negatively related; that
is, as the yield to maturity rises, the price of the bond falls. As the yield to maturity falls, the price of the bond rises.
3. The yield to maturity is greater than the coupon rate when the bond price is
below its face value.
These three facts are true for any coupon bond and are really not surprising if you
think about the reasoning behind the calculation of the yield to maturity. When you
put $1,000 in a bank account with an interest rate of 10%, you can take out $100 every
year and you will be left with the $1,000 at the end of ten years. This is similar to buying the $1,000 bond with a 10% coupon rate analyzed in Table 1, which pays a $100
coupon payment every year and then repays $1,000 at the end of ten years. If the bond
is purchased at the par value of $1,000, its yield to maturity must equal 10%, which
is also equal to the coupon rate of 10%. The same reasoning applied to any coupon
bond demonstrates that if the coupon bond is purchased at its par value, the yield to
maturity and the coupon rate must be equal.
It is straightforward to show that the bond price and the yield to maturity are negatively related. As i, the yield to maturity, rises, all denominators in the bond price formula must necessarily rise. Hence a rise in the interest rate as measured by the yield
to maturity means that the price of the bond must fall. Another way to explain why
the bond price falls when the interest rises is that a higher interest rate implies that
the future coupon payments and final payment are worth less when discounted back
to the present; hence the price of the bond must be lower.
There is one special case of a coupon bond that is worth discussing because its
yield to maturity is particularly easy to calculate. This bond is called a consol or a perpetuity; it is a perpetual bond with no maturity date and no repayment of principal
that makes fixed coupon payments of $C forever. Consols were first sold by the
British Treasury during the Napoleonic Wars and are still traded today; they are quite
rare, however, in American capital markets. The formula in Equation 3 for the price
of the consol P simplifies to the following:5
The bond price formula for a consol is:
(1 i )2
(1 i )3
which can be written as:
P C (x x 2 x 3 . . . )
in which x 1/(1 i). The formula for an infinite sum is:
1 x x2 x3 . . .
1 x 1 C c1 1(1 i ) 1 d
which by suitable algebraic manipulation becomes:
P = price of the consol
C = yearly payment
One nice feature of consols is that you can immediately see that as i goes up, the
price of the bond falls. For example, if a consol pays $100 per year forever and the
interest rate is 10%, its price will be $1,000 $100/0.10. If the interest rate rises to
20%, its price will fall to $500 $100/0.20. We can also rewrite this formula as
We see then that it is also easy to calculate the yield to maturity for the consol
(despite the fact that it never matures). For example, with a consol that pays $100
yearly and has a price of $2,000, the yield to maturity is easily calculated to be 5%
Discount Bond. The yield-to-maturity calculation for a discount bond is similar to
that for the simple loan. Let us consider a discount bond such as a one-year U.S.
Treasury bill, which pays off a face value of $1,000 in one year’s time. If the current
purchase price of this bill is $900, then equating this price to the present value of the
$1,000 received in one year, using Equation 1, gives:
and solving for i,
(1 i ) $900 $1,000
$900 $900i $1,000
$900i $1,000 $900
More generally, for any one-year discount bond, the yield to maturity can be written as:
F face value of the discount bond
P current price of the discount bond
In other words, the yield to maturity equals the increase in price over the year
F – P divided by the initial price P. In normal circumstances, investors earn positive
returns from holding these securities and so they sell at a discount, meaning that the
current price of the bond is below the face value. Therefore, F – P should be positive,
and the yield to maturity should be positive as well. However, this is not always the
case, as recent extraordinary events in Japan indicate (see Box 1).
An important feature of this equation is that it indicates that for a discount bond,
the yield to maturity is negatively related to the current bond price. This is the same
conclusion that we reached for a coupon bond. For example, Equation 6 shows that
a rise in the bond price from $900 to $950 means that the bond will have a smaller

domain: finance


text:
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Civilian and Eisley
The Club at Stage AE
March 5, 2017
Photos and recap by Whitney Lerch
Civilian and Eisley were the perfect end to the weekend, with their captivating performances at The Club at Stage AE on March 5th. The bands set out on the road together in mid-February to travel the country on a tour that will end in Phoenix, AZ on March 30th.
When I found out Civilian was headed to Pittsburgh, this show went immediately into my calendar, because I just couldn’t miss seeing them live. If you haven’t heard them, you’re truly missing out. They write songs that are so honest and raw that they leave you feeling gut punched. They write songs that will change your perspective on life. When you listen, you’ll find a “New Love”, I have no doubt.
Frontman Ryan Alexander, isn’t afraid to write about the overwhelming truths of the world that weigh heavy on many, but are often left untouched, for fear of offending or simply making people uncomfortable. When you say it out loud, it means it’s real and I’m convinced this is why the most powerful topics seem to be avoided. It has potential to cause conflict, debate and what if you are judged for having your own thoughts, emotions and opinions???? That fear of judgement and turmoil is problematic and prevents so many people from doing good and doing what’s right. It creates a culture of neutrality, which by definition prevents progress. Venturing into politics, religion, violence, selfishness and more, Alexander boldly leaves some of the deepest thoughts and emotions out on the stage and in those songs.
Pulling more than half of their set that night from their most recent (October 2016) release, the full length “You Wouldn’t Believe What Privilege Cost” and sprinkling in some older work, including the equally beautiful, yet infuriating (depending on which part of the story you are focusing on) James Kent, their gripping live performance lacked only in length, leaving me wanting more after a 7 song set. I will most definitely be found in the audience of their next Pittsburgh show and only hope it’s not too long before they return.
As I stated earlier, this show was on my “must see” list, because I was thrilled to see Civilian. And with it being a Sunday night (and me being old…), I thought I’d grab a few shots of Eisley and then head home early. However, Eisley was so full of energy and that voice of lead singer Sherri DuPree-Bemis was spellbinding. I was literally stopped in my tracks and suddenly being tired on Monday morning no longer mattered.
Now, interestingly enough, despite Eisley headlining this tour, I’d actually only heard of them when Civilian announced the tour and had only listened a bit prior to the show. That bit of listening was enough for me to know Eisley would be good, but honestly, they were simply incredible. Their whimsical vibe was brilliantly augmented from the start, when the stage was filled with bubbles as they began their set.
Sherri’s infectious energy and drive to deliver an incredible performance was inspiring. At one point, she actually stopped the band to start a song over, because she wasn’t perfectly pleased with her vocals. She sounded flawless the first time around to me, but I can understand the extra level of self-criticism that must come with being on stage. Her formidable confidence and ability to stop the show, restart a song and deliver unerringly for the remainder of the night was simply awe-inspiring. Eisley gained a fan in me that night and now I’m simply trying to figure out how I hadn’t been introduced to this illustrious group before now.
Civilian Set List:
Cut & Run


text:
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[sane-devel] Epson Perfection 3170 on 64 bit
jsmeix at suse.de
Tue Apr 20 09:17:42 UTC 2010
On Apr 16 23:12 Ingo Müller wrote (shortened):
> I just got a response from Epson. The Perfection 3170 driver for Linux
> is not maintained anymore. There is no 64bit version, neither are their
> plans for one. The suggested solution is to set up a 32bit environment
> inside the 64bit system and use the 32bit drivers. What a shame...
I don't know what exactly is meant by "set up a 32bit environment
inside the 64bit system" but as far as I know you only need to
install the scanning related software as 32-bit packages, i.e.
a scanning user frontend like XSane as 32-bit package together
with 32-bit packages for the SANE base software (i.e. packages
like sane-backends and so on). Then it should work to download
and install the 32-bit packages from Epson Avasys.
A scanning frontend links with the SANE library libsane.so
which is in fact the dll pseudo-driver.
The dll pseudo-driver dlopen()s the other drivers which
is here the epkowa driver.
In this particular case the epkowa driver needs a proprietary
32-bit-only library to operate the scanner.
Therefore on a 64-bit system:
If one runs a 64-bit scanning frontend (e.g. the 64-bit
version of scanimage or xsane) then it links with
the 64-bit version of libsane.so.1 which again wants to
link with the 64-bit version of the epkowa driver
which would fail if only the 32-bit Iscan package
from Epson Avasys is installed but would wotk if the
64-bit Iscan package from Epson Avasys is installed.
In the latter case the 64-bit epkowa driver wants
to link with a 64-bit version of a proprietary driver
library from Epson Avasys but this would finally fails
because there is only a 32-bit version of these library.
In contrast on a 32-bit system:
If one runs a 32-bit scanning frontend (e.g. the 32-bit
versions of scanimage or xsane) then it links with
the 32-bit version of libsane.so.1 which again links with the
32-bit version of the epkowa driver which then can link with
the 32-bit version of the proprietary library so that
your scanner works.
It should work if one installs on a 64-bit system the full
scanning software only as 32-bit software but I never tested
this on my own because I do not test scanners which need
proprietary software stuff.
By the way:
An installed 32-bit version of XSane might require a 32-bit version
of Gimp (which would require lots of other 32-bit libraries)
when the XSane Gimp-plugin should be used to acquire an
image from the scanner directly from within Gimp.
SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Maxfeldstrasse 5, 90409 Nuernberg, Germany
AG Nuernberg, HRB 16746, GF: Markus Rex
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