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Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels mediate hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih). In hippocampus, these currents contribute greatly to intrinsic cellular properties and synchronized neuronal activity. The kinetic and gating properties of HCN-mediated currents are largely determined by the type of subunits–for example, HCN1 and HCN2–that assemble to form homomeric channels. Recently, functional heteromeric HCN channels have been described in vitro, further enlarging the potential Ih repertoire of individual neurons. Because these heteromeric HCN channels may promote hippocampal hyperexcitability and the development of epilepsy, understanding the mechanisms governing their formation is of major clinical relevance. Here, we find that developmental seizures promote co-assembly of hippocampal HCN1/HCN2 heteromeric channels, in a duration-dependent manner. Long-lasting heteromerization was found selectively after seizures that provoked persistent hippocampal hyperexcitability. The mechanism for this enhanced heteromerization may involve increased relative abundance of HCN2-type subunits relative to the HCN1 isoform at both mRNA and protein levels. These data suggest that heteromeric HCN channels may provide molecular targets for intervention in the epileptogenic process.
HCN channels mediate hyperpolarization-activated (Ih) currents (DiFrancesco, 1993; Pape, 1996). In hippocampus, these currents contribute to maintenance of resting membrane potential (Lupica et al., 2001), shape rhythmic and synchronized neuronal activity (Maccaferri and McBain, 1996; Magee, 1999) and regulate the temporal summation of dendritic depolarization (Magee, 1998; Poolos et al., 2002). Short-term modulation of HCN channel function is mediated by cAMP, influencing channel kinetics and voltage dependent activation curves (DiFrancesco, 1993; Waigner et al., 2001). Recently, long-term modulation of the properties of Ih currents has been suggested to result from regulated changes in channel subunit expression (Bräuer et al., 2001; Brewster et al., 2002; Santoro and Baram, 2003).
Of the four characterized genes encoding HCN channels, two (HCN1 and 2) are substantially expressed in rodent hippocampus (Bender et al., 2001; Moosmang et al., 1999; Santoro et al., 2000) and both isoforms can reside in a single neuron (Brewster et al., 2002; Franz et al., 2000). HCN4 is expressed almost exclusively in subcortical regions, whereas levels of HCN3 expression within neurons are generally low (Bender et al., 2001; Moosmang et al., 1999; Santoro et al., 2000). As described for other members of the voltage-gated cation channel family, four HCN subunits assemble to form a channel (for recent reviews, see Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003; Santoro and Baram, 2003). Homomeric HCN1 channels conduct fast-kinetic currents with modest cAMP gating, consistent with currents recorded in hippocampal pyramidal cells and CA1 interneurons where HCN1 expression is high (Bender et al., 2001; Brewster et al., 2002; Santoro et al., 2000). By contrast, homomeric HCN2 channels conduct Ih currents with slower kinetics and robust cAMP-evoked shifts in voltage dependence (Ludwig et al., 1998; Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003). More recently, the formation of heteromeric channels in vitro (Chen et al., 2001b; Er et al., 2003; Much et al., 2003; Proenza et al., 2002; Ulens and Tytgat, 2001; Xue et al., 2002) as well as in vivo (Er et al., 2003; Much et al., 2003) has been described. However, the mechanisms promoting heteromerization have remained unclear.
Because the isoform composition of both homomeric and heteromeric HCN channels determines their physiological characteristics (Robinson and Siegelbaum, 2003; Santoro and Baram, 2003), the relative abundance of the HCN isoforms, as well as the degree to which heteromerization occurs, will contribute to the properties of the Ih of an individual neuron (Franz et al., 2000; Santoro et al., 2000; Vasilyev and Barish, 2002), and thus to its intrinsic firing patterns and network responses. Differential regulation of HCN1 and HCN2 mRNA expression has been found in pathological states (Bender et al., 2003; Bräuer et al., 2001; Brewster et al., 2002), including experimental febrile and kainate-induced seizures, and has been associated with altered properties of the Ih (Chen et al., 2001a). Interestingly, the properties of Ih after experimental febrile seizures resembled neither those of heterologously expressed homomeric HCN1 or HCN2 channels, nor their arithmetic intermediates (Chen et al., 2001a,b; Ulens and Tytgat, 2001). Therefore, we considered the possibility that these currents may be a result of heteromeric HCN1/HCN2 channels, and tested the hypothesis that pathological neuronal activity such as developmental seizures promotes formation of heteromeric HCN1/HCN2 channels, at least in part by altering the relative abundance of cellular HCN1 and HCN2 subunits at the mRNA and protein level. This constitutes a novel mechanism for activity-induced plasticity of the ion channel complement of a neuron. In addition, it highlights an as yet undescribed molecular foundation for the evolution of neurological disease, such as seizure-evoked epilepsy.
Experimental procedures were approved by the UCI Animal Care Committee in accordance to National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines. Immature (postnatal day 10) Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to experimental prolonged febrile seizures as previously described (Brewster et al., 2002; Dubé et al., 2000; Toth et al., 1998). Briefly, hyperthermia was induced using a stream of warm air directed ~30 cm above the animals. Core temperatures of pups were measured prior to hyperthermia induction (33.9 ± 0.3°C), at 2-min intervals, and at the onset of hyperthermia-provoked seizures (40.8 ± 0.9°C). Hyperthermia was maintained for 30 min resulting in seizure duration of approximately 24 min. Following hyperthermia, animals were moved to a cool surface for 10–15 min, then returned to their home cages. Hyperthermic controls were generated by subjecting littermates to the same hyperthermia procedure, but blocking the resulting seizures using diazepam (10 mg/kg). Longer and more intense seizures were evoked in rats of the same age by intraperitoneal injection of the glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid (KA, 1.2 mg/kg) as described previously (Brewster et al., 2002). Experimental groups (Feb, n = 37; KA, n = 15; diazepam + Feb, n = 4; diazepam alone, n = 4) were compared to littermate controls (n = 40).
For immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses (1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after seizures) rats were rapidly decapitated, the hippocampus and thalamus were quickly dissected and homogenized in a glass/Teflon homogenizer in ice cold 0.32 M Sucrose, 0.1 M Tris–HCl (pH 7.4) containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (PIC Complete™; Roche). Following homogenization, samples were centrifuged at 1000 × g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was centrifuged at 16,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C and the pellet was resuspended in radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, 1% NP-40, 1% Triton X-100, 1 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, 1 × PIC) for immunoprecipitation procedures or in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; 124 mM NaCl, 3 mM KCl, 1.25 mM KH2PO4, 2.5 mM MgSO4, 3.4 mM CaCl2, 26 mM NaHCO3, 10 mM glucose) for direct Western blot analyses. Protein concentration was determined using Bio-Rad Protein assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA). For in situ hybridization procedures, rats were quickly decapitated and brains dissected and placed on powdered dry ice as described (Brewster et al., 2002; Eghbal-Ahmadi et al., 1999).
An equal amount of protein for each hippocampal and thalamic sample (1 mg/ml), diluted in 750 μl of RIPA buffer, was incubated with rabbit anti-HCN1 or anti-HCN2 antisera (AB5884 HCN1, AB5378 HCN2; 5 Al of 15 μg/μl, Chemicon, Temecula, CA) on a rotator overnight at 4°C, following previously described procedures (Kramar et al., 2002). After incubation with primary antibodies, samples were incubated with 80 μl of Protein A Agarose (Upstate Biotech, Lake Placid, NY) on a rotator for 2 h at 4°C and collected in spin-filter columns (CytoSignal Research Products, Irvine, CA). Samples were then washed twice with RIPA+ 1 × PIC, followed by three washes in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)+ 1 × PIC. Following the washes, samples were eluted from the columns with 50 μl of 2× Laemmli buffer and processed for Western blot analyses (Kramar et al., 2002).
Protein samples were denatured at 100°C for 5 min in Laemmli buffer and separated on a 4–12% gradient SDS-PAGE gel. After SDS-PAGE, the proteins were transferred to Hybond-P Polyvinyl Difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) at 100 V for 1 h at 4°C. Membranes were probed with rabbit anti-HCN1 or anti-HCN2 serum (1:5000 and 1:3000, respectively) in PBS with 5% non-fat milk overnight at 4°C followed by washes in PBS-1% Tween (PBS-T) (3 × 5 min). Membranes were then incubated with anti-rabbit immunoglobulin-horseradish peroxidase (1:10,000 Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) in PBS for 1 h at room temperature, followed by incubation with the enhanced chemiluminescence ECL-Plus kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) for 5 min. Immunoreactive bands were visualized by apposing membranes to Hyperfilm™ ECL (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). To control for equal sample loading, membranes were probed with an antibody to beta actin.
Semi-quantitative analysis of HCN1 and HCN2 mRNA levels was accomplished using in situ hybridization (ISH) of 35S-cRNA probes and slide-mounted frozen sections (20 μm) as previously described (Brewster et al., 2002; Eghbal-Ahmadi et al., 1999), with the most stringent wash at 0.03 × SSC, at 62°C for 60 min. Sections were then dehydrated and apposed to Kodak Biomax film. Exposure time was monitored using 14C standards to maintain the signal in the linear range.
Data acquisition and analysis of in situ hybridizations were carried out as described elsewhere (Bender et al., 2003; Brewster et al., 2002) on sections run concurrently, and always without knowledge of treatment. Semi-quantitative mRNA analysis was done by measuring optical density of the incorporated radioactivity using the image analysis program ImageTool. Western blot data acquisition and analysis were accomplished by measuring optical density of immunoreactive bands of experimental and control samples from the ECL films using the AIS imaging system (Imaging Res., St. Catherine, Ontario, Canada). Control and experimental samples for each time point were run concurrently on the same blot. When multiple blots from immunoprecipitation experiments were compared, the mean value of the control samples of each blot was considered 100%, and experimental sample values expressed as ‘percent control samples’ within each blot. This permitted analysis across blots. In addition, absolute amounts of HCN1 and HCN2 channel proteins were quantified using normal rabbit IgG standards (0.1 ng–4 μg; XP-5001, ProSci Incorporated, Poway, CA) that were run with experimental and control samples in the same gel. Significance level for t tests and ANOVA was set at 0.05, and data are presented as means with standard errors.
To determine if co-assembly of HCN1 and HCN2 isoforms was induced by experimental ‘febrile’ seizures to generate modified h channels, immunoprecipitation (IP) experiments were conducted at several time points after the seizures (Kramar et al., 2002). Experimental febrile seizures were induced in 10-day-old rat pups (Brewster et al., 2002; Dubé et al., 2000). One and 7 days post-seizures, precipitation of hippocampal homogenates with an antiserum to HCN2 followed by Western blots probed with anti-HCN1 was utilized to demonstrate HCN1 molecules associated with the HCN2 isoforms. Experimental febrile seizures led to a significant (74%) increase in the amount of HCN1 that co-precipitated with HCN2, as compared with levels in paired controls (Fig. 1A; n = 7 animals per group) at the 7-day time-point, but not earlier. This finding was corroborated by IP using anti-HCN1 followed by Western blot detection of HCN2 (Fig. 1B). The enhanced appearance of HCN1/HCN2 co-association after seizures was not attributable to cross-reactivity of their respective antisera for several reasons: first, IP using anti-HCN2 followed by probing for the same isoform resulted in an HCN2-immunoreactive band with the expected molecular weight of 96 kDa. As described for HCN2, this protein was more abundant in thalamic homogenates compared to those from equal-weight hippocampal tissue (Santoro and Baram, 2003; Santoro et al., 2000) (Fig. 1C, top). In contrast, IP with anti-HCN2 followed by probing for HCN1 yielded a protein band with the expected molecular weight of ~112 kDa (Much et al., 2003) and higher expression levels in hippocampus (Fig. 1C, bottom). In addition, when hippocampal and thalamic homogenates were subjected to direct Western blotting and probed with either HCN1 or HCN2 antisera, each antiserum recognized a single protein entity (Fig. 1D) of the appropriate molecular weight.
The Febrile seizure group was essentially subjected to (a) elevated brain temperature that (b) resulted in seizures. To determine which of these two factors led to increased HCN1/HCN2 co-immunoprecipitation, we evaluated also groups where these parameters were dissociated. As shown in Fig. 2, hippocampi from rats sustaining hyperthermia but in whom seizures were prevented (using diazepam) were not enriched in co-immunoprecipitated HCN1/HCN2 isoforms, suggesting that seizure activity rather than elevated temperature was required for heteromerization. Heteromerization was not increased in the group treated with diazepam alone (without temperature elevation).
Augmented HCN1/HCN2 heteromerization could be a result of an increased HCN2/HCN1 ratio (Hadley et al., 2003; Levitan and Takimoto, 1998; Liao et al., 1996), leading to increased combinatorial interaction of the normally more abundant HCN1-molecules with HCN2 isoforms. Alternatively, enhanced heteromerization could be an independent effect of the seizures. To help distinguish between these possibilities, we determined the effects of the seizures on the expression of HCN1 and HCN2 proteins. HCN1 levels were significantly reduced in ‘febrile’ seizure pups as compared with littermate controls (49.4 ± 6.6 ng/mg vs. 78 ± 11.5 ng/mg; Fig. 3A; P < 0.05). Reduced HCN1 protein levels in the seizure group were apparent also when determined in comparison to β-actin content of the same samples (not shown). In accord with the reduction of HCN1 protein, the quantity of HCN1 channels immunoprecipitated with anti-HCN1 followed by probing for the same isoform was reduced in the seizure animals (Fig. 3B). The reduced HCN1 protein levels after ‘febrile’ seizures were consistent with our previous findings of decreased HCN1 mRNA levels, data that were reaffirmed in the current series of experiments (Fig. 4A).
In contrast to HCN1, HCN2 protein levels were not consistently influenced by the seizures, as shown in the Western blots from control and seizure-experiencing animals (9.86 ± 2.34 ng/mg vs. 9.4 ± 1.55 ng/mg in experimental and controls, respectively; Fig. 3C). Thus, in the case of HCN2, the increased mRNA levels (Fig. 4B) were not consistently translated into increased protein, potentially because of increased protein turnover. In support of this finding, precipitation with anti-HCN2 followed by probing for the same isoform on Western blot failed to show increases in total HCN2-immunoreactivity (Fig. 3D). Importantly, in homogenates from control and febrile seizures (Feb) hippocampi that were titrated to contain the same amounts of HCN2, increased HCN1 co-immunoprecipitation was still observed (see example in Fig. 3E). These findings exclude the possibility that increased HCN2 protein levels in some hippocampal precipitates from seizure-experiencing rats account for the increase of co-precipitated HCN1, and suggest that the enhanced association of HCN1 and HCN2 after seizures is not driven by altered HCN2 levels, but by either reduced HCN1 abundance or independent factors. Indeed, although HCN2 protein levels were not reduced, the ratio of HCN2/HCN1 tended to be higher in the seizure-experiencing rats (0.124 ± 0.02 in controls vs. 0.245 ± 0.05 in the Feb group; P = 0.09).
We next asked whether enhanced HCN1/HCN2 co-assembly was unique to developmental febrile seizures, or resulted from pathological network activity in the developing hippocampus per se. In the latter case, the degree of heteromerization should correlate to the duration and severity of the seizures. Longer and more intense hippocampal seizures were elicited using the glutamatergic agonist kainic acid (Holmes et al., 1988; Tremblay et al., 1984) and HCN co-assembly was quantified. Kainic acid provoked seizures lasting for ~180 min (Brewster et al., 2002; Holmes et al., 1988; Stafstrom et al., 1992; Tremblay et al., 1984), compared with ~20 min for ‘febrile’ seizures (Brewster et al., 2002; Dubé et al., 2000), and led to greater co-precipitation of HCN1 and HCN2 7 days (but not 24 h) later (Fig. 5A). In addition, the extent of HCN1/HCN2 co-precipitation was higher after kainic acid-evoked seizures compared with the shorter ‘febrile’ seizures. Together with the effects of blocking the seizures (Fig. 2), this suggests that seizures per se, rather than the manner by which they are elicited, govern HCN1/HCN2 interaction in a duration-dependent manner.
The striking HCN1/HCN2 co-immunoprecipitation after kainic acid seizures was surprising because, unlike developmental febrile seizures (Dubé et al., 2000) kainic acid-evoked seizures at the same age do not lead to long-lasting hippocampal hyperexcitability (Stafstrom et al., 1992). Therefore, we considered the possibility that if heteromeric h channels contribute to the enduring aberrant hippocampal excitability, then such channels should be persistently augmented after ‘febrile’ but not kainic acid-evoked seizures. For both seizure types, HCN1/HCN2 co-IP was enhanced 1 (Fig. 5A) and 2 (Fig. 5B) weeks after the seizures, (and tended to be more so after the kainic acid-evoked seizures compared to the ‘febrile’ ones at the two week time-point; P = 0.13). This enhanced co-association endured at 4 and 8 weeks after experimental febrile seizures. In contrast, co-IP of HCN1 with HCN2 waned in hippocampi from kainic acid-treated animals and was indistinguishable from that in the control group at the later time-points (Figs. 5C and D; febrile- vs. kainate-treated groups at 8 weeks P = 0.01). These findings are in line with the duration of transcriptional dysregulation of the HCN channel isoform expression: Reduced HCN1 mRNA levels endured for at least 3 months after ‘febrile’ seizures, but not in rats subjected to kainic acid seizures early in life (Brewster et al., 2002). This enduring increase of HCN channel heteromerization after ‘febrile’ seizures was associated with alterations of Ih that promote hippocampal hyperexcitability (Chen et al., 2001a; Santoro and Baram, 2003). While it is tempting to speculate that heteromeric channels underlie the modified Ih, other potential mechanisms might be involved.
The major findings of this study are: (1) Seizures increase the co-immunoprecipitation of HCN1 and HCN2 channel isoforms in developing rat hippocampus. (2) This effect requires synchronized paroxysms of neuronal activity (seizures), and is not model-specific. (3) The increased HCN1/HCN2 co-association may be driven by the doubling of the HCN2/HCN1 ratio (from ~0.12 to ~0.24), increasing the probability that the more abundant HCN1 subunit will interact with HCN2. (4) Both the quantitative changes in HCN expression and the enhanced Co-IP endure after ‘febrile’—but not after KA induced seizures. Taken together with the fact that experimental febrile seizures persistently modulate the Ih current and enhance seizure susceptibility, these findings implicate the HCN channels in the underlying mechanisms.
In naive rat hippocampus, amounts of HCN1 protein are over 8-fold higher than those of HCN2 (~78 versus 9.4 ng/mg), so that most HCN1 channel molecules are likely to interact with other HCN1 subunits and form homomeric channels. Developmental seizures virtually doubled the hippocampal HCN2/HCN1 ratio (from ~0.12 to 0.24). Other factors being equal, this should increase the stochastic probability of the HCN1 isoform's interaction with HCN2. This finding is reflected in Fig. 3E, where increased in vivo co-association of HCN1 and HCN2 was evident in Feb homogenates controlled for levels of HCN2. The increased HCN1/HCN2 co-assembly will result in a proportionately higher contribution of heteromeric HCN channels to the macroscopic Ih of CA1 pyramidal cells. Because the properties of heteromeric channels are distinct from those of homomeric ones, their contribution should significantly modify the properties of the neuronal Ih. In this scenario, the larger effects of the (longer and more severe) KA seizures on HCN isoform expression would lead to increased heteromerization compared with the milder ‘febrile’ seizures, as was found here (Fig. 5A). In contrast, the persistent reduction of HCN1 protein levels after the ‘febrile’, but not the kainic acid seizures, would favor long-lasting co-assembly of heteromeric channels after the former type of seizures (Fig. 5D).
Whereas in vivo evidence for this abundance-dependent dynamic interaction of HCN channels isoforms is not yet available, in vitro studies, transfecting different ratios of HCN1/HCN2 constructs into heterologous expression systems, support this notion (S. Chen et al., 2001b). In addition, several types of voltage- and G-protein-gated cationic channels can exist as homomeric or heteromeric structures (Hadley et al., 2003; Levitan and Takimoto, 1998; Liao et al., 1996). The extent of their heteromerization depends on the presence of the interacting isoforms in the same neuron (Liao et al., 1996) and may be a function of the relative abundance of the involved subunits.
Alternative mechanisms for seizure-driven enhanced HCN1/HCN2 heteromerization may involve activity-evoked changes in the intracellular trafficking or membrane insertion of channels. Whereas the post-translational regulation of the HCN channel molecules is not fully understood, recent evidence supports activity-dependent subcellular distribution of the HCN1 subunit (Bender et al., 2004) and interaction of the channels with scaffolding proteins (Gravante et al., 2004). Potentially, seizure activity may alter glycosylation or other post-translational editing of the HCN isoform molecules that will influence their cellular fate.
The basis for the unique persistence of reduced HCN1 protein expression and ensuing HCN1/HCN2 heteromerization after the relatively short developmental ‘febrile’ seizures remains speculative. The majority of molecular changes after developmental seizures are transient (Holmes and Ben-Ari, 1998), so that the mechanism for these unique persistent effects of febrile seizures may be attributable to the recruitment of additional molecular messengers that are not typically activated by developmental seizures. Among these, the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β are attractive—they are recruited by hippocampal seizures in adult but generally not in developing animals (Rizzi et al., 2003); remarkably, these cytokines are involved in the mechanisms of febrile seizure generation in immature hippocampus (Dubé et al., 2005). Alternatively, the hyperthermia that is integral to febrile seizures, though not sufficient to evoke heteromerization in itself, may modulate the duration of HCN channel expression or trafficking. For example, hyperthermia may influence the release or actions of thyroid hormone, which regulates the expression of cardiac isoforms of the HCN channels (Gloss et al., 2001).
The experiments described above demonstrate that pathological network activity (seizure) promotes co-immunoprecipitation of HCN1 and HCN2, very likely reflecting the formation of heteromeric channels. While the ability of HCN1 and HCN2 to co-assemble into functional channels has been demonstrated (Chen et al., 2001b; Er et al., 2003; Much et al., 2003; Proenza et al., 2002; Ulens and Tytgat, 2001; Xue et al., 2002), we find only modest co-association of HCN1/HCN2 in the ‘normal’ hippocampal formation of both developing and adult rats (control groups, Figs. 1 and and5),5), consistent with the single report on whole mouse brain (Much et al., 2003). However and importantly, we demonstrate that this apparent heteromerization is a dynamic, malleable process that is governed by network activity. Thus, pathological neuronal firing elicited by either KA or hyperthermia provoked HCN1/HCN2 assembly, and the effects of both types of seizures endured for weeks, representing a novel mechanism by which activity may alter neuronal Ih. The resulting changes in the Ih properties of individual neurons, a form of intrinsic neuronal plasticity, may contribute to long-term pathological alteration of the hippocampal network.
The authors thank Drs. B. Santoro, A. Ludwig, F. Hofmann and M. Biel for the HCN isoform probes, and appreciate critical comments by Dr. R.A. Bender. Supported by NlH grants NS 35439, NS 28912 (TZB), NS047993 (AB) and AG00358 and NS37799 (CMG).

domain: literature


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-Reviewed by Alice Tarbuck-
Dominic Hale’s new pamphlet from Spam Press begins with an epigraph from Jack Spicer: ‘A poet is a time mechanic, not an embalmer’. And in Time Zone, Hale certainly is a time mechanic – one who takes a good look at time, kicking its corners, sucking his teeth and declaring that it will be very expensive to fix. He turns his eye to our contemporary moment, and thus Hale’s work joins the body of work that responds, seemingly in real time, to contemporary crisis. Olivia Laing’s Crudo is perhaps the prose equivalent, constructing and reflecting on similar claustrophobias and information overloads. Hale’s work, however, is so close to the coal-face of unfolding events that it reads like a series of staccato reactions, declarations, thoughts that begin, form, and unform in the space of a few lines. ‘Pass me the scalpel, Monsieur Hacktivist, and split the plinth’. Hale investigates the internet, the media, and the art of internal line-rhyme, and a million jokes of the kind you think of at 3am and shout to someone at a party. The poem – for it is one vast single poem – reads like a scrolled-out, small-hours stress hallucination, and it is wickedly funny.
Hale’s language is fizzing and joyful, and despairing. It carries its glib sarcasm into moments of sincerity and out again. It is as if BBC News and Tumblr kissed at a party. ‘Make me the Vogue ogre/Soak me in iconic votes./Last past each of them, sweet Princess Peach’. The broad spacing and full stops ask that we take every line alone, that we give each its weight. But the joy of the work is in its accretion, and each line sings to and sinks into the next, forming novel relations that never quite solidify into anything certain. Hale’s ear for the registers of contemporary news and culture makes the reader feel as if their ears are open to every media feed in the world simultaneously. Calling up the invocations of epic, RuPaul’s drag race (or at least drag vernacular), systems of democracy and Princess Peach, glamorous female of the Super Mario games. Amongst this overwhelming noise, discrete themes emerge – profound distrust of the effects of the internet, a concern for climate change. The two are important in the way they speak to one another: the spurious anxieties of the former seem to repeatedly obscure the urgency of the latter.
This is a pamphlet that embodies urgency and torpor and seems to speak through, and about, screens, how our brains relate to information. It is a real delight to read, and particularly to read aloud, because of the chewy jokes, rhymes and the sheer pleasure in language as fun and clutter that Hale brings to it. Masterfully oscillating between the throwaway and profound – it takes a great deal of skill to balance the two, and bring them into productive relation. Hale is a brilliant time mechanic, and he bends and re-shapes time in ways that satisfy, terrify, and entertain.


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The Brick Ladd Christmas Card! Elf Workshop Lego Version x 10 Cards
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What better way to say Happy Christmas than using one of our cards! We have been asked about making these cars for a while and can now provide these in batches of 1, 5 or 10 cards.
The card is printed on a 350gsm silk paper and gloss laminated.
The inside is blank for you to write your own special message.
If you have any questions before you place your order, feel free to email me firstname.lastname@example.org or call on 07827666524.
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domain: artistic


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Fireworks, family, and food…bring on the 4th of July! Have you seen the patriotic ribbon wand I created for the Silhouette Blog? Stars are kind of my thing. I love 4th of July projects since I get an excuse to go a little overboard with them. Visit the Silhouette Blog for a full tutorial on how the ribbon wand came together.
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domain: hobby


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There are hardly any void spaces left in our physical world, where 3D printing hasn’t at least attempted to leave its footprint in some way and the world of sports is no exception to this. Most recently, 3DPI’s Rachel Park reported on customised 3D printed sports equipment assisting and enabling the Japanese fencing athletes to achieve podium places in the London Olympics last year. However, as sport is not always clearly distinguishable from art, not every 3D printed sports related application is purely performance driven. However, the Queen’s Baton, the equivalent of the Olympic torch is not entirely all style with out substance — it will soon be starting a long, 118,000 mile journey — before arriving at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games. The baton was definitely designed with the ambiguous concept of eternal beauty as the process’ core. That challenging paradigm is something that the team of designers and companies behind the beautiful work of art really did achieve and bring from the design screens to the real world. Much of this is due to the 3D printed titanium lattice frame atop the Queen’s Baton.
3T RPD is a 3D printing service provider in the UK, that was commissioned to manufacture the lattice for the Queen’s Baton designed by 4c Design, a Glasgow-based design agency responsible for the baton’s overall form. The design paradigm had its roots and inspiration in the locality, celebrating the city’s artisan-oriented past and local nature. Also as in nature, the baton includes four distinctive elements that make up for the design entity. The handle is the lower part of the baton and is made from Scottish elm; while the top part of the baton is a combination of the 3D printed titanium lattice frame — 3D printed using the laser sintering process — and a granite gem. To create the finishing touch, the baton also includes a message from the Queen herself – eventually unveiled and illuminated from within the baton – which will undoubtedly celebrate the spirit of sports in a dignified and respectable matter.
The baton – which is surprisingly large I might add – was recently unveiled to the public for the first time before going on its 288 day journey around the participating nations and ending up back in Glasgow in time for the opening ceremonies of the games on 23rd of July next year. The BBC covered the unveiling event and included a short video about it, which you can watch by hitting the BBC link below.

domain: design


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Father, 43, accused of sending $5,000 to a senior ISIS kingpin as police claim he could have used his disability pension to fund terrorists
- Melbourne man will face court Tuesday over allegedly funding an ISIS terrorist
- The arrest follows a Victorian Joint Counter Terrorism Team investigation
- Police said the man donated up to $5000 to support the conflict in Syria
A Melbourne husband and father alleged to be providing financial support to a senior ISIS terrorist was arrested in a dawn raid on Tuesday morning.
Isa Kocoglu, 43, from the south eastern suburb of Hampton Park allegedly donated an estimated $5000 between April 2013 and November 2014.
The man receives a disability pension, which police say could have been used to fund his donations.
Online banking records revealed he had transferred money in five to 10 separate installations intended for an American citizen fighting in the Syrian conflict.
He faces charges of providing support to a person who has entered a foreign state with the intention of undertaking hostile activities.
Isa Kocoglu, 43, (pictured) from the south eastern suburb of Hampton Park allegedly donated an estimated $5000 towards Islamic State
Police allege a radical website, which encouraged people to support ISIS, played a 'significant' role in the man coming to acquire an extremist and sympathetic view towards the conflict in Syria.
The 33-year-old US citizen who received money from Australian born Mr Kocoglu has not yet been located and is believed to be currently fighting alongside the terror group in Syria.
'The suspect we have in custody we're alleging has provided funds both online from himself and remitted funds from other people as well to this foreign fighter,' Deputy Commissioner Shane Patton said on Tuesday.
'As well as providing support to actually fund the website that the foreign fighter ran, and in addition to that was an administrator of that website.'
Mr Kocoglu (pictured) receives a disability pension, which police say could have been used to fund his donations which were made between between April 2013 and November 2014
Online banking records revealed Mr Kocoglu (left) had transferred money in five to 10 separate installations intended for an American citizen fighting in the Syrian conflict
'We expect the suspect will be charged today and appear before the Melbourne Magistrates Court.'
Police will also conduct an in depth analysis to determine exact details of the man's online financial transactions.
'Funding remitted has been from overseas and there was a number of funds placed into his bank account but we haven't established who they're from,' Commander John Beveredige, State Manager for Victoria and Tasmania, AFP told reporters Tuesday.
Officers believe the man's family weren't involved in his online activities, with them not currently searching for anybody else in relation to the specific case.
The 43-year-old was allegedly supporting individuals involved in the Syrian conflict
Police say the website, which he was also an administrator for, played 'significant' role in the man coming to acquire an extremist and sympathetic view towards the conflict in Syria
The arrest was the result of a Victorian Joint Counter Terrorism Team investigation which had been under way for more than 16 months.
'These types of investigations are complex and protracted,' AFP Assistant Commissioner Ian McCartney said.
'Our investigators invest countless hours to ensure the safety of Australians, and to bring to account those who seek to harm our community and way of life.'
The man was arrested from his home by the JCTT, which comprises of officers from the Australian Federal Police, ASIO, and Victoria Police.
His arrest will hopefully serve as a warning to others who support the conflict in Syria, according to Victoria Police Deputy Commissioner Specialist Operations Shane Patton.
The man's arrest was the result of a Victorian Joint Counter Terrorism Team investigation which had been under way for more than 16 months
'This arrest sends a very strong message of deterrence to those who would seek to provide support or fund terrorism that they will be investigated and held to account,' Deputy Commissioner Patton said.
'It is another example of a successful operation involving the Joint Counter Terrorism Team targeting terrorism.'
Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews congratulated the AFP and Victoria Police for the arrest.
'It does present us with an opportunity to congratulate and thank (them) ... for the outstanding work that they do every hour of every day to deal with what is a dynamic terrorism threat and to keep all of us safe,' he told reporters.
The man appeared in the Melbourne Magistrates' Court on Tuesday.
A federal prosecutor told Magistrate Luisa Bazzani that authorities do not oppose bail, and the matter has been stood down for a short time so the prosecution and defence can discuss bail conditions.
He was arrested from his home by the JCTT (pictured escorting him from his home), which comprises of officers from the Australian Federal Police, ASIO, and Victoria Police
The man will face the Melbourne Magistrates' Court on Tuesday afternoon
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domain: law


text:
Victims of multimillionaire pedophile Jeffery Epstein said he paid doctors and psychiatrists to prescribe them tranquilizers and anti-depressants, a report said Friday.
Virginia Giuffre, who was recruited by Epstein at the age of 16, told the Miami Herald that doctors prescribed her Xanax for the three years she was abused by him.
The financier provided medical care for his “sex slaves,” using his recommended doctors.
“There were doctors and psychiatrists and gynecologist visits. There were dentists who whitened our teeth,” she told the newspaper.
“There was a doctor who gave me Xanax. What doctor in their right mind, who is supposed to protect their patients, gives girls and young women Xanax?” she added.
Sarah Ransome, who was 22 when she was trafficked by Epstein from her native South Africa, said she was taken to a psychiatrist and prescribed Lithium when she was on the verge of a mental breakdown.
“You could see it in our faces … We were damaged, we were medicated,” she told the Herald.
The prescriptions for the victims were part of what lawyer Bradley Edwards called the “Epstein Process,” the Herald reported.
Edwards, who is suing federal prosecutors in South Florida over their handling of Epstein’s sex trafficking case in 2008, described the process as psychological manipulation by Epstein.
“He would find out they have no home, no car, that they need a place to live, and he would provide a place to live,” Edwards told the Herald. “He can get you to the best doctors.”

domain: sociology


text:
Due to the sea level rise driven by climate change, there is a demand in shore protection with increasing sea defence infrastructure. The prevalence and increased spread of artificial shorelines has become a major issue for coastal areas. The damage caused by artificial shorelines to the environment impacts the entire ecosystem, including the local water quality and fisheries. With future large-scale deployments, we can transform the barren seawalls of cities and ports into thriving, biodiverse ecosystems.
As one of the fastest growing universities in the world over the past decade, City University of Hong Kong (CityU) is recognised as a hub for innovation in research and professional education. CityU identifies solutions to critical global challenges by extending the frontiers of knowledge both within and beyond existing research paradigms.
The University’s highly qualified academics are drawn from all over the world, not only bringing a wealth of research and professional experience to the teaching programmes, but also contributing to the knowledge and technology advancement.

domain: geography


Samsung Electronics just released an SSD (from solid date drive) Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) to the 30,72 terabyte (TB) intended for company-wide operations.
We're talking about the largest market capacity on a single data storage device. The disc can hold 5.700 Full HD movies (1920 × 1080 of 5GB each).
Performance according to the company seems to have improved on the 15,36 TB SAS SSD. Thanks to the SAS 12 Gb / s interface, the new disk will have random read and write speeds of up to 400.000 IOPS and 50.000 IOPS.
Successive read and write speeds will be equivalent to 2.100MB / s and 1.700 MB / s, three times faster than the company's predecessor.
The new solid date drive is 2,5 inch and consists of 32 V-NAND 1TB packages, a high-speed controller, 10 DRN 4GB packs with silicon technology (TSV) and a new firmware.
1TB V-NAND packages feature 16 layers of 512Gb 3-bit V-NAND.
The new SSD will provide a five-year warranty.
Samsung will release 15.36, 7,68, 3.84, and 1.92 TB in the PM1643 SAS SSD series as well as 960GB and 800GB.
The company unveiled the EVD 860 SSD drives targeting SATA-enabled consumers last week.
In December, an eUFS with 512GB storage space for smartphones was released.


text:
Written by Michelle Kretzer
Greg Cook and his dog, Coco, became Internet sensations when the
pictures of their emotional reunion following this month's Category 5 tornado
spread like wildfire across Facebook and Twitter. Greg wasn't home when the
twister hit in Limestone County, Alabama, and as he made his way through his neighborhood,
which the storm had destroyed, he feared he would never see Coco again. When
Greg spotted his leveled home among the wreckage, the chances that Coco had
survived looked even bleaker.
crawled through a window of what used to be his home and was wading through the
piles of debris when he spotted Coco—soaking wet, shaking, and terrified but
alive. Greg's emotion at that moment is evident as he tells his story in a
video that he shot for PETA to urge guardians to make sure that their animals
will be protected in case of a disaster.
and Coco were fortunate—but many other animals and their guardians have not
escaped disasters unscathed. Greg encourages all animal guardians to prepare for natural disasters in advance. Here are some
Written by PETA
days after a 5.8-magnitude earthquake near Richmond, Virginia, shook the
Eastern seaboard, including PETA's offices in Norfolk, Virginia, and
Washington, D.C., the region is now bracing for Hurricane Irene, which is expected to strike the Carolina
coast sometime on Saturday. Already, parts of North Carolina are under
mandatory evacuation orders.
at PETA's headquarters in Norfolk are bracing for the storm. Brandi, Bubbles, and Marshall, the three cats who live at the office, are
ready to evacuate at a moment's notice. The cats' carriers—one for each cat—are
kept in a readily accessible supply closet, and a staffer will be spending the
night at the building in order to be ready to immediately remove the cats if
We are also alerting
the media and sending out public service announcements to help get the message
out about safeguarding animals to make sure that
the public has the info that they need as the hurricane approaches, and we're even calling people
whose animals are kept outside and whom we have helped in the past through our
Community Animal Project. Even if you're not in the path of a hurricane—or an earthquake—now
is still the time to make arrangements for safeguarding
your animals in the event of an emergency:
couches, and even homes are replaceable, but best friends aren't. Visit PETA.org for more emergency-preparedness tips, and please consider making a donation to the Animal Emergency Fund.
by Michelle Sherrow
The ferocious tsunami in Japan, caused by one of the largest earthquakes on record, surged several miles inland and claimed the lives of hundreds of people and countless animals. PETA Asia-Pacific is sending staffers to some of the hardest-hit areas along the eastern coast to offer aid. You can help animals in disasters by donating to PETA's Animal Emergency Fund.
The key to protecting ourselves and our animal companions in any kind of disaster is being prepared. PETA offers a tip sheet for animal guardians on how to prepare for any type of natural disaster that may arise. Tips include having an animal emergency kit ready, keeping all animal tags and records up to date, and having window stickers in obvious places on the front and back doors, alerting emergency responders to the presence of animals in the home.
We will give you more information about PETA Asia-Pacific's rescue efforts in Japan as it becomes available.
Written by Michelle Sherrow
Last Thursday, four rabbits in a Warwick Mall photo studio reportedly drowned in the floods that have been ravaging Rhode Island. Although the mall had been evacuated two days earlier, the bunnies—whom Portrait Simple studios was using as props for in-store Easter photos—were left behind in their cage on a "high shelf" in the studio. When employees returned to the studio two days later, they discovered that the cage had apparently fallen from its perch and that all the rabbits had drowned.
When PETA first heard about Portrait Simple's use of live rabbits for photos a few weeks ago, we contacted the studio and the store's director of operations told us that the rabbits were "well cared for, played with, coddled, and loved by our team members." Now, in the aftermath of these preventable deaths, we're asking the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to investigate and if appropriate revoke Portrait Simple's exhibitor license in order to ensure that a tragedy like this never happens at the studio again. You can help by contacting Portrait Simple and asking it to implement a "no animals" policy at its stores.
I think it goes without saying that a vote for Pamela Anderson on Dancing With the Stars (DWTS) is a vote for beauty, talent, and animals—which is why I'll be casting all twelve of my votes for her by:
Pamela's run on DWTS has been riveting. And tonight, she's bringing the season's fieriest, most fascinating dance yet: She and her partner Damian Whitewood will be performing the paso doble (the traditional Spanish dance based on the interaction between a matador and bull)—and Pamela will be using the performance as an opportunity to speak out against bullfighting.
In preparation for her performance, which she and Damian are calling "Dance, Don't Bullfight," PETA sent DWTS a sneak peek of our soon-to-be-released anti-bullfighting video starring actor, singer, and guitarist Charo. Charo also joined Pamela in rehearsal to show her some Flamenco moves to spice up her compassionate choreography. With 20,000 people taking action last week to eliminate Madrid's proposal to declare the bloody "sport" to be an activity of cultural value, Pamela's kindly orchestrated move for bulls couldn't come at a more empowering moment.
You can cast 12 votes for Pamela tonight, and if she makes it through to next week, I just might definitely will have a contest lined up for you—so vote for her!
Written by Logan Scherer
In the aftermath of the recent record-breaking snowstorms that hit the East Coast, it is being reported that the roofs of up to 50 chicken sheds throughout the Delmarva Peninsula in Delaware and Maryland have collapsed under the weight of the snow. As a result, thousands of birds have likely suffered and died in the rubble of these buildings.
These storms were predicted well in advance, which means that farm operators had ample time to figure out how to deal with the snowfall. All responsible farmers should always have an emergency evacuation plan in place for situations like this one. Now, we're writing to Delaware and Maryland officials urging them to investigate and insisting that cruelty-to-animals charges be brought if evidence is found to warrant them. If some farm operators did nothing to prevent the roof collapses or to evacuate the chickens, and any animals died as a result of their inaction, then those farmers are directly responsible for the animals' deaths.
The best way to prevent fatal accidents like this? Decrease the demand for chickens and other farmed animals by going vegan.
Written by Logan Scherer
you have a general question for PETA and would like a response, please e-mail Info@peta.org. If you need to report cruelty to
an animal, please click
here. If you are reporting an animal in imminent danger and know where to find the
animal and if the abuse is taking place right now, please call your local
police department. If the police are unresponsive, please call PETA
immediately at 757-622-7382 and press 2.
Follow PETA on Twitter!
Almost all of us grew up eating meat, wearing leather, and going to circuses and zoos. We never considered the impact of these actions on the animals involved. For whatever reason, you are now asking the question: Why should animals have rights? Read more.

domain: news


- European Stocks Fall as Chinese Economic Data Disappoint (WSJ)
- Oil Climbs to Highest Since November as European Shares Retreat (BBG)
- Yen weakens on Japan intervention talk before G7 meets (Reuters)
- Wall Street’s Bond Forecasters Splinter as Fed Credibility Wanes (BBG)
- Amazon to Expand Private-Label Offerings—From Food to Diapers (WSJ)
- Oil prices rise on Nigerian outages, Goldman forecast (Reuters)
The globalist reset needs a trigger, a crisis which admittedly we do not have the ability to avoid. But, the reset also depends on the right people in place to rebuild the system after the crisis unfolds. Here is where the future can be determined. Whoever is left standing after the opening salvo will have a choice: to hide and hope for the best, or to fight for the position to choose who builds tomorrow. Will it be the psychotic globalist cabal, or will it be free people of conscience? It may not seem like it now, but the end result is up to us.
Given that we all have to eat and that there are some concerning environmental developments out there, here’s an interesting question: has global warming led to higher or lower food prices (thus far)?
- Brussels on Edge as Lockdown Continues (WSJ)
- Stocks Pare Decline as Crude Oil Erases Drop on Saudi Comments (BBG)
- Italy’s Eni Plans to Pump Arctic Oil, After Others Abandon the Field (WSJ)
- Treasuries Decline as Economists Say GDP to Be Revised Higher (BBG)
- Why the Housing Rebound Hasn’t Lifted the U.S. Economy Much (WSJ)
- Argentina Fever Is Back for Investors as Kirchner Rival Triumphs (BBG)
The trouble with the money printing madness in the Eccles Building is that it generates huge deformations, misallocations and speculative excesses in the financial markets. Eventually these bubbles splatter, as they have twice this century. The resulting carnage, needless to say, is not small. Combined financial and real estate asset markdowns totaled about $7 trillion after the dotcom bust and $15 trillion during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. The Wall Street casino is now festooned with giant deadweight losses waiting to happen. But perhaps none is more egregious than Tesla - a crony capitalist con job that has long been insolvent, and has survived only by dint of prodigious taxpayer subsidies and billions of free money from the Fed’s Wall Street casino.
After weeks of preparation by an umbrella group that calls itself the Santa Claus Repudiation Organization Offering Greater Education, students at campuses across America spent Christmas Eve protesting what they consider a dangerous symbol of everything that is wrong with the world today.
China may be bad, but there are far worse places to be.
In the Oval Orfice...
- House Unveils $1.01 Trillion Measure to Fund Government (BBG)
- Credit Suisse Tells Junior Bankers to Take Saturdays Off (BBG)
- Spot the odd word out: ECB Sees Bad-Debt Rules as Threat to Credible Bank Review (BBG)
- Insert laugh track here: Spain GDP grows at fastest pace in almost six years (FT)
- Scandinavian Debt Crisis Waiting to Happen Puzzles Krugman (BBG)
- Fed Said to Release Plan to Limit Banks’ Commodities Activities (BBG)
- Thai Protesters Extend Blockade After Rejecting Poll Talks (BBG)
- China provinces set lower growth goals for 2014 (BBG)
"Like most members of the Congress that passed it and, undoubtedly, the president of the United States who signed it, I have not read the entirety of the ill-named Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Yet there is one aspect concerning that legislation of which I am certain: I will not comply."
[Summer|Winter]: watch out.
- OBAMA TO USE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY TO FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE
- OBAMA TO INVEST IN TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE FOSSIL FUELS CLEANER
- OBAMA CLIMATE PLAN IS NOT A WAR ON COAL, MONIZ SAYS
We have no idea what any of that means or what administrative authority Obama has to unilaterally declare war on, well, climate. But if Obama is taking on the unprecedented Arctic heat cold and is about to usher in centrally-planned weather, we would be nervous if we were Syria. Very nervous.
The world supply of crude oil isn’t going to run out any time soon, and we will be producing oil for decades to come. However, what we won’t be doing is producing crude oil – petroleum – at the present rate of around 30 billion barrels per year. For a global civilization that is based almost entirely on a plentiful supply of cheap, crude oil, this is going to present some considerable challenges.
Revenues are declining. Hence the need to cut costs. Solution: offshoring to a cheap country! And it's not the only one.
If You Don't Believe In Global Warming, Please Forward This to Your Friends Who Do
The provincial government in Alberta is mulling new rules that would require the oil industry to cut greenhouse gas emissions tied to oil sands production by as much as 40 percent per barrel. The measure may be part of the federal government's push to allay Washington's concerns about the Keystone XL pipeline. Some of the concern surrounding the production of oil sands, the type of oil designated for the controversial pipeline, is that it's more carbon intensive to produce than conventional oil. Alberta's government has expressed concern that it won't be able to meet its emission targets without new rules, though some in the oil industry may be already ahead of the game. While emissions may be part of the debate over the controversial cross-border pipeline, a financial analysis suggests the Canadian government is looking in the wrong direction.


text:
LOCATION: CARLISLE RACECOURSE, UNITED KINGDOM
POSTCODE: CA2 4TS
As well as fantastic racedays, featuring both exciting jump and flat racing, we host fantastic LIVE Music nights along with fashionable Ladies Evenings and something for everyone with our Family Fun Days.
Jockey Club Racecourses
Jockey Club Racecourses own and operates 15 racecourses in the UK. As well as staging some of the highest quality racing in the country, we own some of the country's most inspiring and flexible spaces for holding conferences, concerts and exhibitions as well as many other events.
Jockey Club Catering is a joint venture between The Jockey Club, the largest commercial group in British racing, and Compass Group UK & Ireland. The joint venture was launched in 2009 with the aim of providing premium quality catering at all 15 of The Jockey Club racecourses
How to find us:
Leave M6 at junction 42, follow signs for Dalston. Follow the road for approx 2 miles until you reach a staggered junction and turn right. The racecourse is approximately 1 mile on the left hand side. For Sat-Nav please enter the postcode – CA2 4Ts
On racedays, Reays operate a bus service from Carlisle Bus Station to the Racecourse. Buses run 90 minutes and 45 minutes before the first race and return to carlisle 5 minutes and 35 minutes after the last race. The cost for this service is £1.60 each way.
On non-racedays, the timetable for the bus serving the racecourse can be found by following the below link. Ask your bus driver which stop to get off at for the Racecourse!
The racecourse is 2.2 miles from Carlisle Station, a major station on the West Coast Main Line, lying 102 miles south of Glasgow Central, and 299 miles north of London Euston.


RORY GIVES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO LEGISLATION PROTECTING EMERGENCY SERVICE WORKERS
Today Rory personally took Chris Bryant’s Private Members’ Bill, which increases the sentences for those who attack emergency services personnel, through the House of Commons on behalf of the Government.
The Bill introduces new factors to be considered by a judge when sentencing someone who has assaulted a member of the emergency services. These factors will include sexual assault, following the government’s support of an amendment on this matter. Separately, the Bill will create a new aggravated version of the offences of common assault and battery when committed against an emergency worker, while the maximum sentence for common assault will be increased from six to 12 months.
Emergency workers include police, prison officers, custody officers, fire service personnel, search and rescue services and certain healthcare workers, as well as ambulance personnel.
Commenting on this legislation Rory said, “The Bill makes clear that, though an assault on any individual or citizen in our society is a terrible thing, an assault on an emergency worker is an assault on us all. These people are our constituted representatives. They protect society and deliver services on our behalf. Therefore, an attack on them is an attack on us and on the state, and it should be punished more severely than an attack simply on an individual victim”.


text:
A HISTORY OF THE AUSTRIAN ARMY: from Maria Theresa to the Present Day
The armed forces and the armies that have been formed, deployed and sent to war throughout Austria's history - encompassing, as it has, a range of territorial dimensions and changing political structures - reflect better than any other institution on the political developments within the nation. The armed and 'uniformly' equipped soldier still stands as the embodiment of the state's monopoly on the use of force and the uniform itself is of particular importance in this respect because it identifies him as a member of a very special fellowship. The 'Emperor's Coat', which often comes up in a historical context, has long since been supplanted by the uniform of the Republic but this still remains the most prominent distinguishing feature separating the soldier from the civilian population, and from members of other armies.
The development of the uniforms of Austria's soldiers spans more than three hundred years. Breaks and pauses in the design of the soldiers' dress were the result of adjusting to the practicalities of duty and battle requirements but also of maintaining a pleasing appearance and observing fashion trends. On the other hand, there were efforts to retain continuity and traditions, which in some cases have survived the passage of centuries and are still visible today.
Now, for the first time, the development and complexity of Austria's uniforms, previously known only to aficionados, is opened up to a wider audience in a publication that includes more than 300 original illustrations of uniforms from the 18th century to the present. This book presents pictorial documentation of the appearance of Austrian soldiers throughout the period with the support of essays on Austria's military history. The particularly well-executed illustrations by renowned artists come from the extensive archives of the Heeresgeschichtliche Museum in Vienna and are presented to the general public here for the first time.
Add to Cart
Updated as of 12/07/2023ABBREVIATIONS: dj-dust jacket, biblio-bibliography, b/w-black and white, illust-illustrations, b/c-book club addition.
rct - recent arrival or pending publication, spc - OMM Special Price

domain: history


text:
Chronic pain is affecting approximately 116 million people annually and this number continues to grow. According to the American Physical Therapy Association, the cost associated with these issues is $560–$635 billion every year in the U.S. for medical treatment, interrupted work time, and lost wages.
A Physical-Therapy First approach offers solutions to increase functionality, reduce or eliminate pain, and avoid or recover from surgery at much lower costs. At Tx:Team, our FOTO data, Net Promoter Score and patient satisfaction results show that we are consistently delivering superior outcomes and getting employees back to work with higher efficiency and effectiveness. Watch this quick video to learn more about how we address chronic pain issues through physical therapy:
At Tx:Team, we’ve been perfecting this physical therapy-first approach for almost 40 years and we routinely show above average results and much fewer visits than our competitors. Fill out this form to learn more about why working with us is good therapy:

domain: medical


Six years ago, the city of York decided it could no longer afford to run its annual Halloween parade, and the York YWCA stepped in.
Now, the YWCA has decided that it can no longer afford to run the annual York tradition, and after this year, will no longer organize the parade.
Citing declining support from local sponsors, the group's board of directors voted to end its support of the parade after this year's event.
"While it disappoints us to announce this discontinuation of this beloved community event, we simply cannot justify cutting back on our other services," Jennifer Brillhart, the YWCA's chief development officer, said in a statement.
Brillhart said the YWCA hopes that another community organization or local business steps forward to run the parade in 2013.
YWCA spokeswoman Katie Mahoney said the parade costs about $30,000, and the YWCA depended on sponsors to cover the bills.
But lately, sponsorships have declined, and it has had to pony up money from its own budget to cover the gap. This year, for instance, the parade has only one major sponsor, which pitched in $15,000, she said.
This year's parade will be held Oct. 28.


text:
People who love honey often look for various ways to include this flavor in their diet. If you're among this group, you might enjoy honey on your toast or in a cup of tea. When it comes to enjoying an alcoholic beverage, there are all sorts of products that combine the flavor of honey with other flavors. Visit a liquor shop in your area to see what honey-related products they have in stock, and then consider buying one for your next get-together with friends or simply to sip on your own at home. Here are some products that feature the taste of honey.
When you take a look at the whiskey section of your local liquor store, it will quickly be apparent to you that this popular type of alcohol is available in many flavored versions. If you enjoy drinking whiskey but you're interested in trying a product that has a honey taste, you shouldn't have trouble finding one. A number of leading whiskey manufacturers produce honey-flavored whiskey, so you can buy one from a brand you've enjoyed in the past. Try this product in various whiskey cocktails or sip it straight to savor the honey flavor.
Like whiskey, liquor stores frequently carry all sorts of flavored rum. While you might have heard of spiced rum in the past, you may not yet have encountered honey-flavored rum. Some of these products feature a combination of traditional rum and honey flavors, while others also incorporate different spices to create a different flavor profile. There are many cocktails you can make with this product, including some that contain a small amount of honey to further enhance the honey taste.
There are a number of honey liqueur products on the market, and your local liquor store may have a few of these products for sale. Honey liqueurs tend to be quite sweet, making them an enticing option to enjoy in a small quantity after a meal. There are many ways to enjoy these beverages, but some people appreciate the simplicity of adding a slice of orange or lemon to a small glass with a serving of this drink. The sweetness and unique flavor of this product also make it a good mixer for a long list of cocktails.
Visit your local liquor store to look for these and other honey products to enjoy with family and friends.

domain: food


Deep Groove Ball Bearing
• Series: 6000,6200,6300,6400,6700,6800,6900,16000.
• Model Open, Z, ZZ, RZ, 2RZ, RS, 2RS
• Quality accords with the Industry Standards
• Types: Single Row DGBB, Double Row DGBB, Stainless DGBB, DGBB with filling slots, Stainless Steel Single Row DGBB, Single Row Hybrid DGBB, Sing Row DGBB for High Temprature, Ploymer Ball Bearings and so on
• Bearing is non-separable.
Bowling pinsetters, electric motors, elevators, fork lift trucks, paper converting, power tools, printing machinery, pumps, textile machinery, woodworking and so on.


text:
Emerson College and ArtsEmerson: The World On Stage will kick off a second season of Emerson Presents, a series of monthly, public film screenings followed by conversations with Emerson College Visual and Media Arts (VMA) faculty scholars and filmmakers, on Friday, September 30.
All screenings will be held in the Bright Family Screening Room. Admission for Emerson students is free through December.
“We’re excited to embark on another season of Emerson Presents with Emerson Visual and Media Arts faculty who are active practitioners in the fields of film history and filmmaking, and known internationally for their work,” said Rebecca Meyers, director of film programs for ArtsEmerson. “This season’s line-up showcases a range of filmmaking styles and genres, which I hope will lead to rich discussions following each screening.”
Associate Professor Eric Schaefer, an expert on exploitation films, leads the series with the September 30 screening of the 1963 Herschell Gordon Lewis film Scum of the Earth. The film tells the story of an innocent teenage girl who is blackmailed into modeling in the nude for a photographer whose boss illegally sells the photos.
On Friday, October 14, Associate Professor Kathryn Ramey will present a program of her work, starting with her recent video Yanqui WALKER and the OPTICAL REVOLUTION, an exploration of the obscure American expansionist and military dictator William Walker, who through force and coercion became president of Nicaragua in 1856. Blending found footage, documentary photography, ethnographic inquiry, and personal travelogue with experimental techniques, the film detours and derails the various approaches to history-making that have been applied to Walker’s story.
On Friday, November 4, Assistant Professor Hassan Ildari, a screenwriter and director originally from Tehran, Iran, will show his 1989 feature film Face of the Enemy, based on characters related to the 1979 Iran-U.S. hostage crisis. The screening is especially timely, as 2011 marks the 30th anniversary of the release of the 52 American hostages held by the ruling Islamic theocracy of Iran for 444 days at the American Embassy in Tehran.
Subsequent films will be added for the spring semester.
“This film series is a wonderful opportunity for Boston film lovers to engage with the work of our extraordinarily talented faculty in the intimate setting of the Bright Family Screening Room,” said VMA Chair and Professor Jonathan Wacks, whose credits include Powwow Highway, Repo Man, and 21 Jump Street.
Free tickets for Emerson students are available on each screening day starting at 4 pm. To qualify for free admission, students must become ArtsEmerson Student Members, which is free for Emerson students and available in person at the Paramount or Cutler Majestic box offices with an Emerson student ID. This semester-long free ticket program is a pilot program. ArtsEmerson hopes to find a donor to support this in an ongoing way, and welcome contributions towards that goal.
Tickets to Emerson Presents screenings are $10 for the general public, $7.50 for members and seniors (65+), and $5 for non-Emerson students. ArtsEmerson film memberships are available for $60 and include eight screenings and discounted tickets for neighborhood parking, restaurants, and ArtsEmerson theatrical productions.
Please check the website for screening times and an updated schedule as additional screenings are confirmed. For more information, visit artsemerson.org or call 617-824-8400.

domain: entertainment


text:
Osteochondrosis of the cervical spine caused due to pathological changes in the intervertebral discs. They weaken, become thinner, lose elasticity, ceasing to protect the vertebrae from damage and losing the ability to provide sufficient mobility. The main danger of cervical degenerative disc disease is that the disease affects the nerve endings of the spinal region, causing disturbance of blood supply of the brain.
Types and classification
There are several stages of degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine:
- first: the initial changes of the cartilaginous tissue of the intervertebral disc;
- second: the beginning of the thinning of the disc, reducing the distance between the vertebrae;
- third: the destruction of the disc, the beginning of the deformation of the spine;
- fourth: severe deformity of the spine.
The main cause of cervical degenerative disc disease lies in the structure of the spine in this area. All the vertebrae here are tight to each other and easy shift even at low loads.
Given how mobile cervical spine, it is not surprising that the disease is so widespread.
To provoke disease can:
- congenital anatomical features (people with a long neck low back pain occurs more often);
- violation of the absorption of minerals;
- hormonal abnormalities;
- the lack of sufficient muscles in the neck and shoulders;
- lack of exercise;
- injuries of the cervical;
- Often the first symptom of cervical degenerative disc disease acts a headache. It can be very strong, leaking like migraine headaches, accompanied by dizziness and nausea.
- Characterized by the appearance of spots, dark spots, dimness before the eyes, decreased vision.
- Pain in the neck in this disease gives in the back of the head, forehead, ears, it is enhanced by changing the position of the head.
- Often marked by numbness of the hands.
- There is noise in the ears, hearing loss.
- It may be incoordination, fainting.
To identify degenerative disc disease of the cervical spine are:
- x-rays that determines the condition of the vertebrae;
- a CT scan to detect lesions of the discs;
- Doppler, establishes a violation of the blood flow;
- duplex scanning shows the condition of vessels.
As the ambulance with cervical osteochondrosis necessary painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Depending on the strength of the pain syndrome use of local medications (creams and gels), tablets or injections.
- vitamin therapy (vitamins);
- drugs, relieving muscle spasm,
- physiotherapy (electrophoresis, paraffin, magnetic therapy, etc.);
- therapeutic exercises;
- massage and self-massage.

domain: biology


27,760sf apartment building featuring ground floor retail and 33 units mixed between affordable and market rate. Construction starts March 2022.
18,360sf apartment building featuring 27 units and a unique breezeway configuration and central courtyard. Construction starts March 2022.
103,040sf mixed use building with 165 units of mixed affordable and market rate housing. Ground floor offers 30 parking spaces, community center, gym and two retail storefronts.
Multi Family Housing
20,200sf apartment building featuring 31 units mixed between affordable and market rate. Currently in the design phase!
Located in the exclusive 3rd Street Promenade this location serves as a brand initiative test bed and is a special place to reinforce the brand ethos.
1750 SW Skyline Blvd., Suite 102
Portland, Oregon 97221
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Tips for Website Traffic Monitoring Throughout Construction
The layout of your building and construction site is an essential element of traffic management. It needs to be developed to minimize web traffic, visibility problems, as well as crashes. When preparing a construction website, include all the web traffic administration practices that will minimize the danger of accidents. The adhering to are suggestions for establishing effective web traffic monitoring: Take into consideration the web traffic circulation on and around the building site. Map the very best routes for lorries as well as mobile plants, as well as note where possible crash factors are. Map the work zones to make sure that they do not interfere with pedestrians and other road individuals. Be sure to include all necessary signs, including indication. Make sure to examine your traffic management strategy once in awhile to guarantee it is still working properly. Besides, you don’t want to end up spending for a website traffic management strategy that does not function. Think about exactly how web traffic will certainly be handled during the job. Producing a design prepare for web traffic will guarantee the risk-free motion of cars and roadway job equipment. The strategy should be detailed adequate to highlight prospective threats as well as recommend one of the most suitable web traffic circulation. The strategy must be outlined sufficient to consist of neighboring facilities as well as crucial locations. A website traffic administration strategy usually involves 3 phases. These are the theoretical design, the building and construction, and the website traffic administration strategy. The building and construction style stage is the most hard. The TCD Manual part 8 supplies comprehensive advice for designing a roadway network. Austroads’ Guide to Web traffic Administration is likely to give added advice. This paper covers the design of web traffic signals, roadway layouts, signs, and various other website traffic engineering elements. After building is total, a post-construction transition stage will certainly be needed. The procedure will certainly depend upon the sort of traffic monitoring method that is made use of. A traffic management plan must be based upon the demands of all road customers as well as the job. A Construction Website Traffic Management Strategy (CTMP) will certainly be required for a road closure. The strategy should show that the website traffic administration plans will certainly alleviate the risks and inconvenience. It should likewise be authorized by the Territorial Authority’s President or his nominee. Just after that will building can begin. If all security treatments are satisfied, the job can continue. However if the plan is not accepted by the president, it will not proceed. Throughout construction, traffic on a building website intersects individuals, lorries, and also mobile plants. Consequently, traffic monitoring is important. Around 30 employees were killed in construction accidents last year and also nearly 4 thousand employees were harmed. Proper transport administration is necessary to make sure website security and also efficiency. This preparation will likewise protect employees as well as various other pedestrians. So, it is important to ensure your construction website traffic monitoring plan includes the unique problems that will happen on the website. Building sites contain prospective risks. Building websites often do not have actually finished traffic courses up until the end of the task. Roads as well as gain access to factors can be unstable, as well as excavations can overturn automobiles. Various other hazards might include overhead cables, services, watercourses, and also momentary works. Furthermore, new structures, misses, and also waste products can posture severe safety and security risks for building and construction employees and vehicle drivers. So, it is necessary to execute an appropriate web traffic administration plan at the beginning of building and construction.


Durability of an UF HC Trap/SCR Catalyst System Applied to a 4-Cylinder PZEV Calibrated Vehicle 2018-01-0336
A 1.0 L underfloor converter of a 1.4 L PZEV calibrated vehicle was replaced with a 1.26 L HC trap and a 1.26 L SCR catalyst. The HC trap consisted of a zeolitic storage layer beneath a three-way catalyst layer. A newly developed catalyzed HC trap technology containing Pd/Rh was used in the current study. Increased trapping efficiency and conversion was assigned to rapid and efficient polymerization of small alkenes and aromatics coupled with more efficient combustion before release. The new trap features include the presence of strong Brønsted acidity, precious metals such as Pd and a base Mn+ redox active metal. The HC trap was followed by an SCR catalyst for NOx clean-up. The production close-coupled catalyst and replacement underfloor catalysts (HC trap and SCR) were aged on a combination of rural and highway roads for 150,000 miles. Peak bed temperatures during road aging of the HC Trap and SCR catalyst were approximately 600 °C. Vehicle FTP and US-06 tests were conducted at 9 intervals between 2,000 and 150,000 miles. In general, the FTP emissions did not change significantly with mileage. At 150,000 miles, FTP nMHC and NOx emissions were 6 and 22 mg’s/mile, respectively. At 150,000 miles, the HC Trap reduced HC and NOx emissions by 6 and 19 mg/mile, respectively. US-06 nMHC + NOx emissions were consistently below 10 mg/mile. Due to the effectiveness of the HC trap on this application, the SCR had no significant impact on HC emissions, and a small benefit for NOx.


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ISO-NE is implementing near-term changes in both operations and markets to help address the risk of winter energy shortages
Coming soon: New estimates of the region’s fuel inventories and the cost of preserving fuel for times when it’s needed most
ISO New England’s efforts to address the region’s growing fuel security risks are continuing with two new initiatives to be deployed before winter 2018/2019 begins. One will forecast the region’s available energy supplies for the next 21 days, and the other will provide a market mechanism that will help ensure that limited fuel supplies are used when they are most valuable for system reliability and cost-effectiveness.
Both initiatives grew out of the two weeks of extreme cold weather during winter 2017/2018, when the reliability of New England’s power system rested heavily on power plants that can generate electricity with oil stored in onsite tanks. Days before warmer weather was forecasted to arrive, it became apparent that some of these power plants might run out of fuel before they could refill their tanks. In fact, the region’s oil-fired and dual-fuel generators started the cold spell with their oil tanks 68% full, in aggregate, and toward the end of the two-week period were down to approximately 19% (adjusted for oil that was unusable due to outages, reductions, or emissions)—and some tanks were nearly empty. An oil delivery can take a week or more to arrive after it’s ordered, or longer if barges are unavailable or waterways are frozen, or tanker trucks are being used to deliver oil to companies that serve heating customers.
Operating Procedure 21
On November 26, 2018, as the winter season approaches, ISO New England will begin publishing a 21-day look-ahead energy forecast accounting for the inventories of oil, coal, natural gas, and other fuels at New England power plants, as well as anything that could limit their availability, such as emissions restrictions. The forecasts will describe expected conditions, from normal to conditions requiring declaration of an energy alert or an energy emergency.
These revisions to Operating Procedure 21 — Energy Inventory Accounting and Actions During An Energy Emergency (OP-21) grew out of the cold spell, when generators’ oil inventories began running dangerously low at a time when it was difficult to get oil deliveries. However, the status of declining oil inventories was not widely known outside the ISO. This operational energy forecast is designed to raise the awareness of resource owners and other market participants, government officials, and regulators when the region’s power system may start running low on oil and other fuels. With sufficient advance notice, it’s hoped that resource owners will evaluate their fuel supplies and take action to ensure they have enough fuel to operate or will lock down arrangements to have more fuel delivered in time.
The revisions to OP-21, including an expanded generator fuel survey (OP-21A), were accepted by the NEPOOL Reliability and Participants committees after extensive discussions during the summer and early fall. Additionally, these changes were presented to regional stakeholders, including power plant operators, at the 2018/2019 Winter Generator Readiness Seminar presented by the System Operations Department on October 30, 2018.
Energy Market Opportunity Costs
The second initiative, in the daily energy market, will provide each generator with an estimated opportunity cost that can be incorporated into its offer price for the next day. Each morning, the next day’s opportunity costs will be calculated for each generator and provided to resource owners. The opportunity cost represents the net revenue or profit that would be lost if the generator used up its fuel early in lower-priced hours, rather than preserving the fuel to generate during later, more profitable hours when prices are expected to be higher.
The ISO-calculated opportunity cost estimate will enable resources to price their daily energy offers in a way that will preserve fuel for later periods, when it may be needed more—and they can earn more. The Energy Market Opportunity Cost (EMOC) initiative, which will be implemented on or around December 1, 2018, also grew out of the ISO’s experiences last winter. During the cold spell, energy and reserve prices were driven higher by the high cost of natural gas to fuel generators, but those prices did not reflect the value of saving diminishing stocks of fuel oil as the cold spell continued.
Facilitating market participants’ ability to incorporate opportunity costs into their daily offers will provide a market-based approach that improves reliability and system cost-effectiveness by preserving fuel for the times when it will be needed most. That should reduce the need for ISO system operators to take out-of-market actions to “posture” resources—that is, to tell resources to preserve fuel by not operating—as happened during the winter 2017/2018 cold spell.
The opportunity cost initiative has been discussed with the NEPOOL Markets Committee several times, though no vote is required on the project to estimate each resource’s opportunity costs automatically.
EMOC customer readiness
Lead market participants of oil-fired and dual-fuel generators with short-term fuel supply limitations can view the Energy Market Opportunity Cost (EMOC) Project Customer Readiness page to the learn more about required customer actions and training opportunities related to this project.
Winter energy security efforts
Both forecasts are expected to help bolster power system reliability. The EMOC effort will improve reliability and cost-effectiveness by reflecting the actual costs of preserving fuel when there are limited energy supplies. The forecast of the region’s fuel inventories over the next 21 days will help resource owners respond to impending fuel shortages by ensuring they acquire enough fuel to operate.
These near-term initiatives will join the group of extensive changes ISO New England has made in both power system operations and the wholesale power markets since a 2004 cold snap revealed serious fuel security risks that could jeopardize power system reliability in winter.
The ISO’s Annual Work Plan outlines several other initiatives to address the region’s winter energy security risks. In addition to the two near-term initiatives, the ISO has medium-term and longer-term initiatives underway.
The medium-term projects include the ISO’s proposal to establish interim tariff rules allowing retention of resources needed for fuel security. That proposal was filed at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) on August 31, 2018. The ISO is also working with stakeholders to develop an interim compensation mechanism for resources retained for fuel security.
For the longer term, the ISO is continuing its work with stakeholders—which commenced soon after the ISO issued its Operational Fuel Security Analysis report in January 2018—to design a solution to address the region’s winter energy security risks through the competitive markets. That solution is due to be filed at FERC by July 1, 2019.
- Opportunity Costs and Energy Market Offers (Phase 1) – September 12-13 Markets Committee presentation
- Revised Memo re. Energy Market Opportunity Costs for Oil and Dual-Fuel Resources with Inter-temporal Production Limitations
- OP 21 & 21A – RC presentation 9/20/2018
- OP 21A – RC presentation 8/1/2018
- OP21 – RC presentation 8/1/2018
- OP21 – RC presentation 7/11-12/2018
- Power Systems Update: New England grid operations through recent bitter cold weather and preparation for winter storm


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Everything Anne-Marie seems to turn into a phenomenon.
Whether she's guesting on a number one single or scorching up the charts on her own, the pop newcomer has that golden touch.
So when the video for 'Ciao Adios' hit the web Clash was fairly confident it would break the internet.
Only online for a few days, it's rapidly becoming a viral phenomenon - colourful, brash, confident, and infectious.
Tune in now.
Related: Next Wave - Anne-Marie


text: What’s being called a tool to combat illegal cannabis cultivation by the Siskiyou County Sheriff’s Office is leaving a vast number of rural residents without water, according to protesters who gathered in Yreka Tuesday. The area in question is the Shasta Vistas, which is home to thousands of Hmong and other Asian-Americans. The sheriff’s office pushed for an ordinance passed last month by the board of supervisors that requires a permit for water trucks or any other vehicles to travel on county roads with more than 100 gallons of water. The sheriff says they’re trying to cut off water for pot growers, and prevent further environmental damage. Last week the sheriff’s office posted photos on their Facebook Page showing the mess left by some growers, including two properties that had a total of 527 greenhouses containing more than 133,000 cannabis plants. Because the focus is on the Shasta Vistas area, some people in the Asian-American community feel they’re being unfairly targeted and they’re apparently seeking an injunction against the water ordinance.


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|"Aunt Lizzie Reagan spinning wool." Photograph located in the Evelyn Bishop Scrapbook, found in From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont Digital Collection, provided by the Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts archives.|
Joseph Marshall Krechniak and Helen Bullard Krechniak Papers, circa 1930-2003 [bulk 1930s-1940s], MS.2678
The majority of Helen Bullard Krechniak’s materials consist of articles and brochures about her doll making. Joseph Marshall Krechniak’s papers include manuscripts for his short stories and other materials related to his writing.
Mary Frances Davidson Book, Vegetable Dyeing of Wool in the Appalachian Highlands, 1943, MS.2349
Davidson wrote this book on dyeing wool while studying to be a master craftsman at the Southern Highland Guild.
Recipes, Remedies and Court Records, undated, MS.2467
This bound volume consists of 80 pages of recipes, home remedies, and notes on court cases.
Our mountain craftsmen. 1969 (TT139.S74)
Southern Appalachia[n] mountain cookin’. 1974 (TX715.S6787 1974)
Mountain potpourri. 1979 (TX715.M68)
Appalachian business heritage: the surviving craftsman fulfilling the American dream. 1982 (TT23.2 W35)
Cider beans, wild greens, and dandelion jelly: recipes from Southern Appalachia. 2010 (TX715.A4425 2010)
From Pi Beta Phi to Arrowmont is a fully-searchable digital collection of letters, diaries, photographs, scrapbooks written and compiled by Settlement School teachers; images of contemporary art pieces housed at Arrowmont, including a 360-degree interactive gallery; and short-printed items that document the history of the Pi Beta Phi Settlement School and Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts.

domain: library


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Accredited and Trusted Dental Centre
Since our establishment in 2009, Smile Dental Turkey has strived to provide exceptional dental care services in the heart of Turkey. We're proud to be an esteemed member of the Turkish Dental Association and a holder of a health tourism certificate, reflecting our commitment to professionalism and adherence to international standards.
Our clinic stands out by upholding ISO9001 certificate standards, a testament to our dedication to ensuring the highest level of service and patient care. This quality management certification signifies that our operations consistently meet patient expectations and regulatory requirements, further enhancing our reputation as a trusted dental provider.
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The organic farming system in Yajalon is performed under the partial shade of native trees and the coffee is intercropped with beans, bananas, pumpkins and citrus fruits and plums. Farmers work together as an organic producer group and fertilise their crops with coffee cherry pulp, dry leaves and wood ashes. Coffee cherries are picked once ripe, de-pulped and fermented between 12-17 hours, washed, and then sun dried on farmers’ patios.
One of the most defining landmarks in the region is Palenque City, which has some of the most preserved Mayan architecture in the world. Palenque city was called Lakamha or “Big Water” for the abundant water found in the region and when we visited we bathed in the calcium formed pools of Agua Azul, listened as the call of Howler Monkeys echoed around the ruins and learned about the ancient Mayan and Tzeltal people.
Yajalón is a municipality located in the Tulijá Tzeltal Chol region and the majority of the 37,000 inhabitants have indigenous Tzeltal origins. The region boasts high biodiversity with native fauna including hummingbirds, anteaters, ocelots and saraguatos (black howler monkey). Cajpe (coffee in the Tzeltal language) is the main economic activity in the communities and is the main link for the community with the international markets. Coffee is the primary cash-crop here but it is often produced with food staples like corn, beans, and spicy chilies, mainly for consumption.

domain: agronomy


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Devotees in India are super excited to get the darshan of Shree Maa and Swamiji over the next two months, but no matter where you reside, you can still benefit …read more
Over the years we have visited many pilgrimage places around the world. Most of these yatras were for the purpose of conducting special vows of worship, pujas, homas, recitation of scriptures, and feeding people.
Enclosed are descriptions of some of the places we have visited, along with what we did while we were there, and in many cases what we found by doing it.
Also, we have included information about other places of worship, where you might want to visit.
2018 Travelogue: Shree Maa’s Pilgrimage to India
This is a travelogue of their adventures and spiritual insights. …read more
2016 Travelogue Part 2
Ambaji is both the name of the town as well as the name of the temple. After arriving at the airport by plane from Mumbai, we had a five to six hour drive … read more
2016 India Travelogue: Part 1
After visiting Shree Maa’s school they had so many events it would make your head spin, from performing pujas and dancing at the Kali Temple, to establishing a Trident in a mud house! They did it all! …read more
Shree Maa Visits Childhood School
It is certainly a worthy and respectable cause.…read more
Highlights of the 2016 Summer India Yatra
Their travels through the Himalayas was in service to us all. It gave us a better understanding of the sadhu life and opened our eyes to a whole new world … read more
Summer 2016 Travelogue
Here we met with the head sadhu, who explained that when the Shiva Lingam had been discovered, they dug down almost 9 feet under the ground searching for its end. After digging so far and not finding the end of it, a number of snakes appeared from underneath the lingam, … read more
Summer Travelogue Part 2
You have shown us what Santana Dharma really is!… read more
Optimal Place for Sadhana
Yet there is something even more important for our sadhana than the surrounding beauty, …read more
Sadhana as a Way of Life
Our daily routine involves studying scriptures in the evening, practicing the recitation in the morning, and taking action in accordance to the scriptures in the afternoon. …read more
Travelogue 2015: Part I
Read how Shree Maa demonstrated the priority of worship everywhere she went, and how Swamiji increased his sadhana and inspired others to do so as well. … read more
Travelogue 2015 Part II: Key Highlights of the 2015 Yatra
Travelogue 2014: Shree Maa and Swamiji’s Tour of India, Part II
The 2014 Tour allowed Shree Maa and Swamiji to teach, to inspire, to worship, and to move devotees closer to God. They touched the hearts and minds of devotees from all over India, making their investment of time and energy a huge success.
We invite you to relive these treasured moments with us, and hope you enjoy them as much as we did. … read more
Travelogue 2014: Shree Maa and Swamiji’s Tour of India, Part I
Our stay in Rishikesh was drawing to a close. Devotees from all over India were calling from their hearts for Shree Maa and Swamiji to come see them, and we knew it was time to move forward on our journey.
First though, prior to departing, Swami Ramkripaluji made one small request of Shree Maa and Swamiji. … read more
Special Memories: The 2013 India Tour
Shree Maa and Swamiji will touch your heart in this fascinating slideshow which recaps the special moments of the 2013 Tour to India.
You will want to watch this again and again! …read more
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