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© 2023 MJH Life Sciences™ and CURE - Oncology & Cancer News for Patients & Caregivers. All rights reserved.
Flipping cancer's "off" switch.
Longtime cancer researcher Jean-Pierre Issa, MD, recalls the evening in May of 1992, when he sat in a San Diego hotel room leafing through the program for the American Association for Cancer Research annual conference. Among the thousands of presentations listed, he spotted only two that mentioned epigenetics. One of them was his.
These days, he’s not feeling so alone. In fact, the more research reveals about epigenetics, the more crowded the scientific gatherings get. Epigenetics is looking like it may become just as important—if not more so—than genetics itself in shaping the future of cancer treatment, diagnosis, and even prevention. It is, as one researcher wrote earlier this year, “at the epicenter of modern medicine.”
Not bad for a concept pushed to the margins of cancer research just a decade ago. “It’s something that was completely unexpected,” says Tanya Hoodbhoy, PhD, of the National Institutes of Health. “People thought genetics was it.”
Epigenetics isn’t new—the word first appeared in scientific circles decades ago. But the full appreciation of epigenetics didn’t begin to emerge until the 1990s at the height of excitement for the Human Genome Project, but epigenetics was simply outshone by its star counterpart. From 1989 to 2003 researchers undertook a historic endeavor to map the 20,000 or so genes that make people into people. The hope was to decode the genes, compare flawed genes with intact ones, and reveal secrets of human diseases such as cancer.
Yet, as researchers waded deeper into the study of human genes, the genetic coding of a malignant cell often turned out to be, by all appearances, normal. So what would make a cell with no mutations go so horribly awry? The problem wasn’t necessarily with the genes themselves. There had to be something else.
The human genome still retains its status as the blueprint for the body. But the epigenome—the way the genome is marked and packaged inside a cell’s nucleus—tells a cell which of the many sets of instructions on that blueprint to follow, which ones to ignore, and which ones to follow over and over again. If the genome is the blueprint, the epigenome is the contractor directing how the walls and windows are made, and whether the plumbing is correctly installed.
Because it has the power to switch our genes off and on, epigenetics is the reason that a skin cell doesn’t look or act like a liver cell, even though they both carry the same DNA. Epigenetics is the reason that identical twins, even though they are pretty much genetic clones of one another, don’t get the same diseases. And it is often the reason that a perfectly normal cell goes bad.
“When a group of investigators started talking about this in the early ’90s, there was considerable skepticism at the time,” says Issa, of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.
The skepticism is all but gone. The National Institutes of Health announced earlier this year that $190 million had been set aside for epigenetics research over the next five years. In announcing the funding, government officials noted that epigenetics has the potential to explain mechanisms of aging, human development, and the origins of heart disease, mental illness, and many other conditions. Some investigators, like Randy Jirtle, PhD, of Duke University Medical Center, think epigenetics may ultimately turn out to have a greater role in disease than genetics.
How do epigenetic changes occur? Research has established two main ways. In one, small chemical clusters called methyl groups attach to genes, as if they were charms hooking to a bracelet—a process called methylation. Most of the time, the charms silence the genes they connect to. In other words, the protein encoded by that gene is produced in much smaller amounts.
In the second method, epigenetics alters the way genes are bundled together. To squeeze several feet of genetic material inside the cell, DNA gets wound up like balls of twine. At the center of each ball are proteins called histones that allow the huge amount of DNA to be contained in a tightly wound chromosome structure. But this twine has messages written on it—the sequences of the genes—and the messages that the cell needs the most are wound more loosely, allowing for easier access and the production of proteins encoded by the gene. If the gene gets coiled too tightly around the histone, the cell can’t read it. This could lead to cancer if, for instance, this is the gene that helps keep cell growth under control. Or the twine could be too loose in the wrong place, allowing the cell to easily see a message that should be more concealed.
Epigenetic changes like methylation “by itself is not a good or bad process,” says Manel Esteller, MD, PhD, of the Spanish National Cancer Research Center in Madrid. It is part of the normal function of the cell. However, he says, too much or too little methylation can lead to problems. In other words, the methylation patterns might deactivate what are known as tumor suppressor genes that help protect a cell from cancer.
“I don’t think there will be a tumor type that would not involve an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor gene,” says Jirtle.
The good news, at least in cancer treatment, is that epigenetics, unlike genetics, can be repaired. Already, a handful of drugs are available that work to change the epigenetics of cancer cells, and many more await in the pipeline. “No doubt there are patients alive today who wouldn’t be alive if those drugs were not available,” says Issa.
Nancy Stanley counts herself among them. About three years ago, just before she turned 70, she began to feel faint at her daughter’s graduation in Alabama. She returned to her home in Texas, and was eventually diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, or AML. “I got the unspoken opinion that the chances weren’t real good,” she says.
She was offered a new drug, Dacogen (decitabine), approved in 2006 to treat myelodysplastic syndromes. It’s part of a class of drugs known as demethylating agents that work on the concept of epigenetics by stripping the methylation patterns in the genome, preferentially affecting cancer cells. Traditional cancer drugs often fight malignancy like a blast from a fire hose, drenching the cell to extinguish the blaze. Epigenetic drugs operate delicately. They don’t drown the entire cell. They slowly remove the oxygen, and allow the fire to burn itself out. A lower dose of the drug can actually work better than a higher dose.
Stanley took the drug for two years. “I improved almost immediately,” she says. Her side effects were negligible during the months on the drug. She has resumed her normal life in south Texas, where she is writing a murder mystery and spending time with her grandchildren and great grandchildren.
Dacogen, along with an epigenetic therapy approved in 2004 called Vidaza (azacitidine), works by preventing methylation. (Vidaza is also approved for myelodysplastic syndromes.) Freed from the excess methylation, tumor-suppressing genes can function again. Clinical trials have found that about 20 percent of patients respond to the drugs, with a drop in white blood cells reported as the most common serious side effect.
I don't think there will be a tumor type that would not involve an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor gene.
Zolinza (vorinostat), an epigenetic drug approved in 2006, works by helping the cell to package the DNA correctly around the histones, unwinding genes that control cell growth or constricting those that invite cell division with abandon. Two clinical trials of Zolinza, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, involving a total of more than 100 people with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma—the disease it’s approved for—found that about one-third of patients had a response to the drug. The most serious side effect was blood clots. Patients can also experience fatigue and a loss of appetite.
More than a dozen other drugs that modify the way DNA spools around histones are in development, says Owen O’Connor, MD, of the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at Columbia University. Most of them, like Zolinza, have shown an effect in T-cell lymphomas, but studies are also under way to test the agents for Hodgkin disease, leukemia, and other forms of cancer.
O’Connor points out, however, that doctors don’t entirely understand how these histone-targeting drugs operate. Generally, they help DNA to unwind from the histones. However, he adds, “opening your DNA may be a good thing, and may be a bad thing.” The drugs may be affecting more than the cancer-feeding genes, and they may be affecting other cells.
There is, in fact, much mystery surrounding epigenetics. So much so that most researchers say the field probably has more questions than answers at this point. That’s the reason why, earlier this year, the federal government announced the unprecedented boost in epigenetics funding. Among other things, researchers hope to map a human epigenome, in the same spirit that led scientists to sequence the genome. The challenge is daunting, however, since every person—and every cell within that person—has a unique epigenome flipping gene switches.
“Most people who are new coming into this fail to recognize how complex this is,” says Grace Ault, PhD, program director of the Division of Cancer Biology at the National Cancer Institute.
Since the field welled up from the cancer research community, epigenetics’ role in cancer could reach well beyond treatment. “It is really poised to be one of the most promising breakthroughs for diagnosis,” says Ault. For example, doctors might one day be able to detect changes in the colon that are epigenetic hallmarks for cancer, even before a malignancy appears. “They could be used to say, ‘This person is at risk for colon cancer,’ ” she says. And along those lines, a study published in a December 2007 issue of the journal Genes and Development reported that in mice, excess methylation of genes that normally keep cancer cells in line promoted the development of colon tumors.
It is really poised to be one of the most promising breakthroughs for diagnosis.
Since methylation run amok can be reversed, epigenetics might allow doctors to deactivate the seeds of cancer before actual growth. “One thing that’s known is that diet, exposure to pollutants, or drugs—those things can actually change the methylation patterns of DNA,” says Ault. Even the amount of exercise a person gets can change a cell’s epigenetics.
Take the colon cancer scenario: If a person was found to have excess methylation of tumor suppressor genes, he or she could, in theory, take medicine or make changes in eating or exercise habits to reverse the change. “I think the new frontier will be how do we incorporate this into prevention,” says Issa.
And prevention could start from the earliest time in a person’s life. While most epigenetic changes in sperm and eggs are erased during fertilization, not all of them are. Some studies, though they are preliminary, suggest that the living conditions of our grandparents might trigger epigenetic changes that pass to the next generation and determine our susceptibility to disease. If true, the finding implies that what we eat, whether we smoke, even how we live might affect the health of our descendants. “The fact that these effects can be transgenerational—that’s just incredible,” says Hoodbhoy.
The possibilities are still speculation, which makes epigenetics both one of the most profound and least understood concepts in all of modern biology. It offers tantalizing prospects doctors hardly thought possible. Researcher Andrew Feinberg, MD, of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine wrote earlier this year in the Journal of the American Medical Association: “The most exciting idea in epigenetics is that it might be possible to intervene at the junction between the genome and the environment.”
It is as if scientists have suddenly been handed the keys to a sports car they never knew existed, with no idea where the road trip will take them. “Ten years from now,” Issa says, “I think things will be extraordinarily different than they are today.”

domain: biology


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One of the misconceptions about poker is that it is a game of chance. While some players believe that luck is more important than skills, you can win jackpots despite bad luck. You should understand how the game of poker works to have an edge over the house. The internet is full of resources that will teach you the basics of poker. These resources include blogs, videos, and forums. You can also check out websites like Twitch to watch streaming videos of poker games.
Besides poker, you can also try IDN Poker. The game is played on an Indonesian server. This way, you can easily play with people who don’t speak English. The game is played in Indonesian, so the agens will usually have localized versions of the game. The main difference between IDN and other versions is that IDN stands for Indonesian. This means that you can play poker in Indonesian. If you don’t know Indonesian, you can also try IDN poker.
IDN poker offers many benefits. It is easy to use and has millions of users. It’s legal and has been approved by PAGCOR and BMM Testlabs. It’s compatible with iOS and Android. It has a large number of features for beginners and experts alike. The best part about it? It’s FREE! Just download the software and start playing! Once you’ve mastered the game, you’ll have fun for years to come. And remember, there are no limits on the number of people you can play online!
IDNPoker is an online poker network that first opened its doors in Cambodia in 2010. Since then, it’s grown to become one of the most popular networks in Asia, with more than 10,000 concurrent players. It’s also based in the Philippines and is fully translated into English. Its minimalist lobby is easy to navigate and features several games, including cash games and high stakes. The interface is simple, yet effective. Users can easily hide tables containing full players, and there are no waitlists or filters. Another drawback is that you can only play one table on one account. If you want to multi-table, you’ll need a different browser and an account.
There are several strategies to win in the game of poker. One of these is the use of a low-limit strategy. You’ll need to use your skills to win the game and maximize your profits. However, you’ll need to be persistent to find the perfect poker strategy. You can also try a strategy to improve your chances of winning. There are plenty of ways to play poker, and you can learn which one works for you. The most important thing is to learn keadaan sekitar and gerak gerik lawan.
A number of poker software programs are available for online use. This software can store hand histories played online and display other information on the system, including odds, equity, and variance. The software can also scan and check your hands for mistakes and errors. When it comes to learning how to play poker, these tools will help you get started and stay competitive for years to come. You’ll find that playing poker can be both fun and lucrative. Just remember to keep these things in mind when playing.

domain: game


text:
|Posted:||8th Apr 2018|
|Map Type:||Free Build|
|File Size:||5.76 MB|
This map was not done by me, I found it on another website. This saved game is an excellent demonstration on how to build cities successfully in CivCity Rome!
To use this, unzip the archive and place in the C:\Users\

domain: library


text:
Missing 3-week-old Florida boy found safe
Baby located in Gainesville
GAINESVILLE, Fla. – A 3-week-old Florida boy who had been reported missing has been found safe in Gainesville, according to the Alachua County Sheriff's Office.
A Florida Missing Child Alert was issued for Jayce Jenkins on Tuesday. On Wednesday, authorities announced that the boy had been found.
Jayce had last been seen on Sunday in the 4300 block of SW 13th Street in Gainesville. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement noted that Jayce could have been in the company of 37-year-old Alison Jenkins.
Authorities did not immediately provide details about the circumstances surrounding the infant's disappearance or how he was located.
Copyright 2018 by WKMG ClickOrlando - All rights reserved.

domain: news


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Interpretation of your dream:
I was at my grams house and she gave my cousin $200 and gave me $200 to but then she took mine away then we went to the wreck senter so my cousin braged about that she still has her money then we went to my cousins room then I plotted to steel her $200 but then she asked me where is her money so I gave it to her
What is the meaning of I was at my grams house and sh In a dream
Dreaming of one's cousin, denotes disappointments and afflictions. Saddened lives are predicted by this dream. To dream of an affectionate correspondence with one's cousin, denotes a fatal rupture between families.> Find more dreams containing 'cousin'
Financial security. Happiness within the family. Honor and dignity. Being. To dream of building a house, you will make wise changes in your present affairs. To dream that you own an elegant house, denotes that you will soon leave your home for a better, and fortune will be kind to you. Old and dilapidated houses, denote failure in business or any effort, and declining health. See Building.> Find more dreams containing 'house'
To dream of being in a mine, denotes failure in affairs. To own a mine, denotes future wealth. See Coal Mine.> Find more dreams containing 'mine'
Commodity. Profit or loss. Security. What do you value in yourself? To dream of finding money, denotes small worries, but much happiness. Changes will follow. To pay out money, denotes misfortune. To receive gold, great prosperity and unalloyed pleasures. To lose money, you will experience unhappy hours in the home and affairs will appear gloomy. To count your money and find a deficit, you will be worried in making payments. To dream that you steal money, denotes that you are in danger and should guard your actions. To save money, augurs wealth and comfort. To dream that you swallow money, portends that you are likely to become mercenary. To look upon a quantity of money, denotes that prosperity and happiness are within your reach. To dream you find a roll of currency, and a young woman claims it, foretells you will lose in some enterprise by the interference of some female friend. The dreamer will find that he is spending his money unwisely and is living beyond his means. It is a dream of caution. Beware lest the innocent fancies of your brain make a place for your money before payday.> Find more dreams containing 'money'
Ruined. Disorderly. There is a barrier to progress in your plans.> Find more dreams containing 'wreck'
What does it means I was at my grams house and sh In a dream ? - Dream meaning
Unsatisfied from the dream interpretation?
Let our Dreams experts interpret your dream
Understanding of your dreams is an online analyzer for dream interpretation and the meaning of symbols in dreams. Just write in the text box the dream you had in your own words and let our NLP, API interpreter do the magic of interpretating your deram, explaining each symbol inside your dreams.

domain: psychology


text:
Protection of the Atmospheric Environment
Boiler Emissions Countermeasures
At the Yokkaichi Plant, which generates its own power, we installed flue gas desulfurizers to reduce emissions of sulfur oxides (SOx). We also substantially cut emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by installing burners with low NOx emissions and denitrification equipment. NOx emissions declined in FY2011 (April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011) as a result of reduced heavy fuel use made possible with a newly installed cogeneration system at Yokkaichi Plant. JSR will continue to adopt the best emissions reduction technologies and will continue to make improvements.
The PRTR Law2 was enacted in July 1999, and enforced in March 2000. Accordingly, since FY2002 we have been required to report PRTR results. The Japan Chemical Industry Association prioritized PRTR and implemented it ahead of other industries in FY1996; the scope of its survey has increased each year since then. As a member of the association, JSR will implement the survey on a continual basis.
The FY2011 results in accordance with the PRTR Law are detailed below. Due to a revision of the PRTR Law, Class 1 Specified Chemical Substances subject to reporting requirements have increased from 354 to 462 substances.
1. Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR): A system for registering the emission and movement of environmental pollutants
2. PRTR Law: Law Concerning Reporting, etc. of Releases to the Environment of Specific Chemical Substances and Promoting Improvements in Their Management
Initiatives for Reducing VOC Emissions into the Atmosphere
Dried-synthetic rubber waste incinerators at the Chiba Plant
JSR has long taken measures to reduce atmospheric releases of chemicals, but the FY2005 amendment to the Air Pollution Control Law expanded application to all volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOC is a general term for organic compounds that easily turn into a gas state when exposed to air. VOCs are believed to be one of the sources of suspended particulate matter and photochemical oxidants, which may have adverse effects on health.
To reduce VOC emissions, five dried-synthetic rubber waste incinerators were installed at three plants between FY2007 and FY2010. As a result, VOC emissions fell by approximately 80% in FY2011 from FY2001, reaching our target levels. We will continue our efforts to reduce VOC emissions.
Preservation of Water Quality
JSR performs rigorous wastewater management at all of its plants and strives to maintain and improve water quality. JSR is in full compliance with the 6th Total Pollutant Load Control that came into effect in April 2009. We will continue to strictly monitor water quality and strive to further reduce our impact on water while paying attention to changes leading up to the 7th Total Pollutant Load Control.
Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater (Environmental Quality Standards for Groundwater Pollution) and soil (major items regulated under environmental standards) at all three of our plants are periodically inspected. As in previous years, no problems were found in FY2011.
In accordance with the Ordinance on Prevention of Hazards due to Asbestos, JSR has conducted checks at all of its facilities (office, manufacturing, R&D and employee amenity areas), including those of all Group companies, where asbestos containing materials have been sprayed. As a result, in FY2007, removal and enclosure projects were completed at locations in plants where asbestos was found. In addition, we are investigating the replacement of asbestos containing gaskets with non-asbestos containing types and are progressively carrying out replacements when the safety of their use in production has been confirmed.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) is a highly toxic chemical that does not readily break down and is commonly used in transformers, capacitors, and other devices. JSR has stopped using PCB in 95% of its electrical equipment and strictly stocks and manages PCB in accordance with applicable laws. We also intend to incrementally replace equipment that currently contains PCB in accordance with a replacement plan. Under the Law concerning Special Measures for Promotion of Proper Treatment of PCB Wastes, JSR is obligated to complete the processing of all PCB by 2016, and JSR and its Group companies have already completed registration of electrical equipment containing PCB with PCB waste processing facilities. In FY2011 we transported 34 units of equipment to processing facilities, for a total of 76 removed units to date.
Measurement of Ozone-depleting Substances
JSR eliminated all use of carbon tetrachloride in 1994. We are systematically replacing designated equipment that contain chlorofluorocarbons with those employing chlorofluorocarbon substitutes. In FY2011, we switched designated refrigeration equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons at the Chiba Plant with lithium bromine absorption-type systems, thereby removing all large, designated equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons from JSR manufacturing facilities.

domain: chemistry


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text:
So this morning I’m thinking about how the flip side to the unexpected roadbumps and setbacks in a writing career is that there’ll also be unexpected moments of serendipity, those times when something helps your writing or your career along that you couldn’t possibly have predicted.
So I thought I’d put up a post for sharing (here or in your own blogs) the bits of serendipity that have helped us out along the way.
– About a year after starting to write, stumbling upon a critique group right where I lived, even though I didn’t even realize I needed a critique group, and learning all manner of things I needed to learn from them. (I’ve twice since them had amazing critique groups too–but that was the first, before I knew to look for one.)
– Twice coming upon a series anthologies at just the right time, once when I was just beginning to write short fiction, and once when I was just beginning to realize that I wanted to write for children and teens.
– Finding that right agent who got and even liked the sort of thing I was already writing, and her finding that right editor who got and liked that sort of thing as well.
– Countless small kindnesses–encouraging words, bits of craft and business advice at just the right time that clicked just so through the years.
There’s no one path and there will almost always be twists and turns, both positive and negative, along the way. Maybe that’s all we can really generalize about any writing career.

domain: literature


Are you struggling with the p207f cummins and wondering what this code means? The code indicates the reductant quality performance of a diesel engine.
So It is an OBD-II diagnostic trouble code p207f of Cummins diesel engine. Here the OBD stands for the on-board diagnostic system. A technician or mechanic can figure out the issue in the Powerstroke engine by observing the OBD fault code.
However, we will portray some essential and valuable information about this DTC of Cummins diesel engine. So without further delay, let’s move on to the main discussion.
The ‘P207f – reductant quality performance’ trouble code is one of the most common issues for the 6.7L diesel engine. The P207F error code signifies the reductant quality. Here the reductant means the DEF or diesel exhaust fluid.
In other words, this generic DTC mainly informs that the SRC system of the Powerstroke engine is not functioning correctly. So, the DTC code may appear when the SCR system doesn’t reduce the NOx output adequately. Or it can also pop up because of the quality of the diesel exhaust fluid.
However, this P207F is one of the problematic fault codes a Cummins Powerstroke engine can express. It is pretty confusing because it does not indicate any specific problem. That is why the technicians might also face troubles while trying for a p207f reset or diagnosis.
Now take a look at the possible causes of the P207f code 6.7 Powerstroke. And observe the symptoms for this DTC from the table below.
|Faulty SCR catalyst.
Diluted, degraded, or contaminated DEF.
Leak in the exhaust system.
DEF injector issue.
NOx sensor issues.
Defective EGR system.
Damaged MAF & MAP sensor.
Dirty engine air filter.
|Engine warning light ON.
Faulty SCR Catalyst
The Cummins software named INSITE can do the automated SCR efficiency test. Make sure that the power control module is up to date. Reset the DPF parameter and perform one or two regenerations.
Diluted, Degraded, Or Contaminated DEF
Need to check the diesel exhaust fluid or DEF visually. Turn off the ignition and collect the DEF sample. Now check if there is any sign of contamination or dilution.
Also, test the quality of the reductant. If there are any contamination, debris, or hydrocarbons, replace the DEF with fresh fluid.
Leaks in the exhaust system may cause inconsistency in nitrogen oxide reading. You can visually inspect the whole exhaust system and see any leaks. It also causes boost related problems.
If you found any leaks in the exhaust system, execute the appropriate repair. If there isn’t any leakage, check the DEF deposit in the injector decomposition tube.
First, Check the diesel exhaust fluid injector. Reconnect the injector harness connector to check. Inspect the fluid sprayed by placing the injector in a container.
The fluid should not be dripping from the DEF injector during the test. It must be sprayed out as a mist.
The p207f isuzu can also appear because of NOx sensor concerns. The 6.7L Cummins Powerstroke engine contains 2 NOx sensors.
The upstream NOx sensor is permanently connected to the turbocharger elbow. And, the downstream NOx sensor is permanently attached to the SCR catalyst. These sensors become damaged when they age.
You should monitor both of the sensors while driving the truck. Both of these sensors should respond appropriately. Otherwise, replace it with a new one.
Also, an open and sticking EGR valve can lead to p207f link belt issue. In this case, verify if the EGR_a-A_POS is at 0% when the EGR_A_CMD is at 0%. Use any OBD scanner to verify these percentages.
The damaged MAF and MAP sensors can cause the Powerstroke to express P207F DTC. However, a dirty MAF sensor causes incorrect calculations because of unexpected air readings.
If the engine air filter is dirty, make sure to clean it. The dirty engine air filter can cause combustion mixtures and unexpected air readings by the engine’s restricted air.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is code P207F mean?
Code P207F means the reductant quality performance of a diesel engine. This generic DTC mainly informs that the SRC system of the Powerstroke engine is not functioning correctly. So, the DTC code may appear when the SCR system doesn’t reduce the NOx output adequately.
What is the reductant level?
Reductant means diesel engine fluid. The reductant level indicates how much DEF is left in the tank. Specific trouble codes express the particular issue in the reductant.
What are the potential causes of the P207F trouble code?
Possible reasons are contaminated DEF, damaged DEF injectors, NOx sensor problems etc. Besides, the fault code may appear if the EGR systems, MAF & MAP sensors are damaged. However, this trouble code can signify many causes, so be careful before diagnosis.
So that was all about p207f Cummins diagnostic trouble code. I hope it was helpful for you. The P207F is a conditional DTC that sets during certain conditions.
Sometimes the mechanics or technician might face difficulties to clear p207f code. However, before diagnosing the vehicle, understand the exact cause behind the trouble code. Read the description and manual carefully.
Besides, the fault code may still exist even after fixing the problem. So no need to worry about it.
You Can Also Read:
- P0234 Cummins- We Have Found 5 Major Causes+ Quick Fixing Guide!
- [7 Main Causes] P0533 Cummins- We Exaplained Why+How To Fix?
- 6.7 Cummins Camshaft Position Sensor Location and How It Works?
- 6.7 Cummins Oil Capacity: How Much Oil Does a 6.7 Cummins Take?
Meet our senior writer and content manager of Automasterx. He has worked in several mechanical garages and mastered different vehicle diagnoses and parts repair. He never stops until finding out the ultimate solutions for any vehicle fault code. However, ensuring the only solid solutions for each vehicle malfunction is his core part of the duty, alongside analyzing fault codes and signals.


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Still Wish To Get Your Image Immortalized Through Portrait Paintings
Today, getting your image commemorated comes easy with today's technology. With digital video cameras, computers and digital printers, you will be able to create a great picture of the pictures you take. However, if you desire elegance in the way you preserve your loved one's images, understanding painted as a portrait is the method to go.
This approach of protecting images has existed for centuries. In fact, it is the only method to protect the image for posterity. A good example of a picture painting is the Mona Lisa created by the Italian artist and innovator, Leonardo da Vinci. He created this picture of a woman with a strange smile in the early 1500s and is still in very good condition.
Rembrandt is another well-known artist that develops portraits. Some other well-known works remain in the National Picture Museum in Washington D.C. while others can be seen in some of the well-known museums all over the world, such as the Hermitage, and the Louvre.
You will see that there are quite a lot of portrait artists today that can copy your photo and celebrate it on canvas if you desire to have your picture painted. They will be able to precisely paint you or your loved ones image with utmost realism.
Due to the fact that you would not want to sit on a stool for lots of hours just to get your picture painted, you might as well get on your finest pose, get your picture taken, print it and provide the image to the artist. They will be able to copy the image in the photo you took by painting it on the canvass.
You can pick what you want to be painted on canvass. It can be your image, or it can be the whole household. In fact, it can even be your pet dog or cat. Whatever you wish to get painted on canvass, you can be sure that the gifted artists today will be able to copy it.
Portrait painting is generally done through oil painting. Oil painting can let you develop reasonable images and is generally the top method of creating portraits. Even the glitter of your eyes can be copied with oil painting.
You can also get it done through water color painting. It will have the exact same sensible result however the majority of artists choose oil painting as water color pictures are typically really tough to produce.
Whenever you are searching for an artist to obtain your photo on canvass, you might want to look for see this one first by taking a look at their work. When it comes to portrait painting, you have to keep in mind that some artists today are not quite as talented. Some can paint reasonable fruits or flowers, but can not actually quite do faces also.
Before you get the work and commit began, attempt to inquire for instances of their work. By doing so, you will have the ability to know what to anticipate once the painting is completed.
These are the things that you need to keep in mind whenever you plan on getting you or your household's image on canvass. By understanding about the work of the artist you plan on hiring, you can be sure of the quality and accuracy of click now the picture you are planning to obtain made.
If you want elegance in the method you protect your loved one's images, getting the images painted as a portrait is the method to go.
A great example of a portrait painting is the Mona Lisa produced by the Italian artist and creator, Leonardo da Vinci. Picture painting is normally done through oil painting. Oil painting can let you create practical images and is typically the number one approach of producing pictures. You have to remember that some artists today are not rather as skilled when it comes to picture painting.

domain: artistic


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Tow easy and sleep well! Delivery avail...
Beautiful camper with king size bed, pair of double sized bunks, jacknife sofa and convertible dinette. This easy to tow travel trailer will exceed expectations. Delivery and generator available for additional cost.
- Year - 2009
- Manufacturer - Forest River
- Make - Surveyor
- Model - 24RS
- Class - Travel Trailer
- Sleeps - 8
- Total Number of Beds - 5
- Number of Bunk Beds - 2
- Slides - 1
- Fresh water tank - 36.0 gal
- Length - 25.7 ft
- Gross weight - 7,004.0 lbs
- Cargo weight - 2,939.0 lbs
- Dry weight - 4,064.0 lbs
- Trailer connecter adapter provided - Yes
- Electrical service - 30 amp
- Trailer ball size - 2-5/16"
- Anti-sway provided - No
- Dual Battery - No
- Hitch provided - Yes
- Range (Stove)
- Kitchen Sink
- Slide Out
- Bathroom Sink
- Roof Air Conditioning
- Hot & Cold Water Supply
- CD Player
- AM/FM Radio
- Fire Extinguisher
Great experience makes for a great trip!
Perfect size, comfortable, everything worked as designed. Rich was a pleasure to work with, would rent again!
My kids had a great experience with their family in the RV.
We rent for a bi-annual trade show. We want to thank Rich for providing us a very clean and well maintained RV every time we've rented from him. He has always delivered on time and had everything set up and ready for us to have an trouble free weekend. Thanks Rich!!!
Rules & Policies
- Minimum renter age of 25
- No pets allowed
- No smoking allowed
Rates & Availability
$18.00/day (sales tax not included)
Standard insurance is included in your booking. You’ll have a chance to upgrade your insurance package after you’ve booked your trip.
Any post trip fees incurred, including overages for mileage or generator use, are subject to an administrative fee and any taxes required by law.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the cancellation policy for this RV?
Owners have the ability to choose between three different cancellation policies: strict, standard, or flexible. You can find the details of the cancellation policy for this RV in the Rules and Policies section.
Is this RV covered by RVshare Rental Insurance?
RVshare Rental Insurance coverage is activated on RV listings by the owner. If this RV is covered you can find the insurance fee in the Rates and Availability section. The cost for insurance coverage will also be listed on your quote.
Can I get a discount for booking a longer trip?
Some owners offer discounted rates for weekly or monthly stays. You can find the rates for this listing and if discounts are available in the Rates and Availability section.
Are there restrictions on mileage or generator usage?
Mileage and generator hours that are included in a rental vary by listing. You can view the nightly mileage and generator hours that are included when renting this RV, as well as fees for excess mileage and generator usage, in the Rates and Availability section.

domain: travel


Bruce Kreitler: Growing an apple tree in Abilene area not as easy as pie
As an arborist who's married to a prize-winning cook, a cook who has won multiple prizes for her pies (seriously, if you meet my wife, you should try to get her to make you an apple pie), you would think that I would have a real interest in apple trees.
After all, I do want the pecan tree in my back yard to make a decent crop of pecans. If it does, I will probably get some prize-winning pecan pies out of it. Knowing that, it would only make sense for me to figure out what kind of apples my wife wants for her baking needs, and make sure I have some of those trees in the yard somewhere.
Well …, apples are not pecans, and from an arborist's point of view, or at least from this arborist's point of view, there are orders of magnitude differences between growing apples and pecans in West Texas. For one thing, pecan trees can, and do, at least with a little help from squirrels, plant themselves in our region. While you could certainly make an argument concerning whether pecans are truly "native" here, there's no question whatsoever that, original natives or not, they are thoroughly naturalized here. On the other hand, when was the last time you happened across a wild apple tree while you were out roaming the range?
There are three or four varieties of apples that can grow, and produce apples, in our area, but it's not quite as easy as it sounds. I don't run across a lot of apple trees in yards, but I see just enough of them to be somewhat familiar with them, and recognize one when I see it, even if it doesn't have apples on it. I've learned to do that, because by far the large majority of apple trees that I come across seldom, if ever, actually produce apples.
In my mind, I lump apple trees in with the southern magnolia trees (of which we have a fair number in the Big Country). Magnolias are hard to establish, and get to grow. As it goes with magnolias, so it goes with the apple trees. Getting and planting apple trees is not that hard, they are readily available at most nurseries. However, I've noticed over the years that apple trees are difficult to establish, and start on the road to maturity. I don't know what the percentage is of planted apple trees that actually survive and grow, but I think it's fairly low. I have no idea why that is, but I'm going with experience here, and whatever the reason, apple trees have a tough time "taking hold" here.
As if being difficult to establish wasn't enough, there is one more "level" of difficulty involving growing apples in your yard, and that is that most apple trees here don't produce. I would say less than half of the apple trees end up becoming established trees that go on to produce apples. When I run across an apple tree in somebody's yard that has apples on it, it catches my attention. If the property owner asks my advice on taking care of the tree, I will usually say something along the lines of "prune away any dead wood, and beyond that, don't mess with it." I'm a huge fan of not messing with success, and an apple tree that is actually growing apples should be left alone.
Apple trees are decent trees, albeit difficult to establish, and get apples from, but still worth a try.


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Pesticide residue refers to the pesticides or metabolic products of the pesticides that may remain in food grains, vegetables and fruits after they are applied to crops.
Many of these chemical residues, especially derivatives of chlorinated pesticides, exhibit bioaccumulation, which could build up to harmful levels in the body as well as in the environment (Sachs etal., 2010).
Persistent chemicals can be magnified through the food chain and have been detected in products ranging from meat, poultry, and fish, to vegetable oils, nuts, and various fruits and vegetables (Crinnion, 2009). Insects and pests can cause a loss in the quality and quantity of grains and their products.
Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables
The most consumed pesticides for vegetables and fruits include sulphur, endosulfan, mancozeb, phorate, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, cypermethrin, isoproturon, chlorpyrifos, malathion, carbendazim, butachlor, quinalphos, copper oxychloride, and dichlorvos.
The use of pesticides during production often leads to the presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables after harvest.
Most farmers and commercial producers treat vegetables and fruit with pesticides on several occasions during growing because pesticides decrease toxins produced by food infecting organisms, increase productivity and are less labor intensive.
Pesticide Residues in Vegetables
According to a study, the cucumber was the crop with the highest number of pesticide residues with the predominant presence of methomyl, metalaxyl, and imidacloprid. Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide with restricted use because of its high toxicity to humans.
The other pesticide residues found in cucumber samples were boscalid, chlorpyrifos, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, imidacloprid, metalaxyl and tebuconazole (Kostiket al., 2014).
The commodities with the highest level of pesticide residues found in China were cabbage, legumes and leaf mustard (Chemet al., 2011).
High level of pesticide residues was also determined in imported bitter melon, peas, beans, eggplant, spinach and other vegetables.
A study on analysis of pesticide residue concentration in vegetables revealed that the risk to consumers varies with the season and it was reported that the winter season has the highest pesticide concentration in vegetables (Bhanti, and Taneja, 2007).
Pesticide Residues in Fruits
Study revealed that many fruits contained more than one residue per product, up to 9 residues in grapes and tea were determined, up to 5 – 9 residues in citrus fruits like orange, mandarins, lemons, peaches, pears and up 3 – 5 residues in pomegranates, plums, cucumbers, tomatoes, strawberries.
The most frequently detected pesticide residues were imazalil, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, maneb group, procymidone, methidathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, carbendazim, iprodione, orthophenylphenol, vinclozolin, endosulfan, pyrimethanil, fenhexamid, prochloraz, cyprodinil, boscalid.
Apples, papayas, sweet peppers and strawberries were among products with the highest percentage of samples with residues above the maximum residue limit found in the Brazilian pesticide residues monitoring program.
High level of pesticide residues in pears, grapes, citrus fruit, peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots were obtained in Lithuania (Petraitiset al., 2013). A study in Belgium revealed that pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples and standards were exceeded for 6% of the samples.
Imported blackberries, strawberries and other berries as well as mangoes, papaya and pepinos also contained high levels of pesticide residues. The insecticide residues reported in market samples of grapes were acephate, methamidophos, chlorpyriphos, monocrotophos and quinalphos.
Pesticide Residues in Processed Fruits and Vegetables
A study on the levels of pesticides in soft drinks available in Indian market indicates pesticide residues 24 times higher than Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) norms. The levels of pesticide residue in lindane exceeded the BIS standards by 140 times in some samples.
Heptachlor, which was banned in India, was found in 71 per cent of the samples, at levels four times higher than BIS standards. Chlorpyrifoswas found 200 times more than the BIS standard in a sample manufactured in Thane.
The average amount of pesticide residues found in all the samples was 24 times higher than the BIS standards for total pesticides in soft drinks (Source: The Hindu).
Organochlorine pesticides, mainly isomers of hexachlorohexane, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, endosulphan, endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlore, were identified from potable water samples collected from all over India (Agarwal et al., 2015).
The residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in acid lime were persisted for 20 days and in juice samples maximum residues were observed for 10 days.
Read Also : Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil
In conclusion, the excess consumption of pesticides contributes in the accumulation of pesticide residues in food grains and vegetables associated with variety of human health hazards, including damage to central and peripheral nervous systems, cancer, allergies and hypersensitivities, reproductive disorders, and disruption of the immune system.
The impact of pesticide residues can be minimized by preventive measures such as rational use of pesticides, washing and proper processing of food products, practicing organic farming, use of natural pesticides and bio-pesticides, and strict implementation and amendment of pesticide-related laws.
Pesticide residues get into fruits and vegetables either through direct pesticide application to control pest and diseases on the field;
The extent of pesticide residues problems is aggravated by the fact that many fruit and vegetables are consumed directly with little or no processing.
Associated pesticide residues vary from crop to crop depending on the type of pesticide sprayed to enhance their quality.
Preventive measures in place to prevent health problems associated with pesticide residues in food includes organic farming, washing food products, processing food products, rational use of pesticides, use of natural pesticides and bio-pesticides, etc.

domain: agronomy


Let's Start At The Beginning, Continued
Before the final product can go into production, packaging must be designed, as well. Chenbro does not want their products to be damaged in transit, as this causes product return (RMA) headaches for Chenbro and product and brand dissatisfaction for the consumer. Chenbro expends much effort testing the packaging by using both its drop and vibration testing; this simulation mimics the transit process and measures the effects on the packaging and the case inside the packaging. If a problem in the packaging is found, Chenbro can modify the outside and inside packaging as needed to address these concerns beforehand.
The drop testing system is set to test according to industry shipping standards. The platform can be raised or lowered. After each test, the case and packaging are inspected to determine the important on both the case and the packaging. If problems are found, modifications are made. Here we viewed Chenbro's drop testing in action.
Kent shows us the vibration testing process. This test is as important as the drop testing. Packaged cases must be capable of surviving days of varying levels of vibration from this test machine before Chenbro will consider the packaging to be adequate. With all of the thousands of miles a computer case travels prior to reaching the retailer and/or end purchaser, it is good to see that Chenbro places such an emphasis on sturdy, reliable packaging and is willing to spend the time and resources to make sure its cases arrive in one piece.
Another test that Chenbro relies upon is the color analyzer station, which tests the color of the plastics being used. When a color is defined, Chenbro continually tests the materials to make sure that the color saturation is consistent from piece to piece, as raw materials from different vendors can vary. Chenbro uses a sophisticated computerized system for performing these tests to detect the smallest differences in color variation among the products used. Part of Chenbro's philosophy is to deliver the highest quality case materials with no discernable differences from case to case.
The Chenbro color analyzer station is used to check the consistency of the color of the plastics and the paint.
As you can see, a lot goes into the design and testing of a case. Once the concepts have been approved and the prototype build has passed acceptance testing and has received visual approval, it is time to "tool up" to build the real product. Once the tooling is complete, the Chenbro factory ships several of the production first unit builds to Chenbro Taipei for inspection. Adjustments are made, if necessary, and once completed Chenbro is ready to ramp up for case manufacturing in full production mode.
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new ideas to achieve the same painting all over the length ( length 1100 to 1500 mm)Reply
Please visit more factories before you say "why others don't think that an inexpensive detail such as this is important."Reply
Those guys been working with vendors that can supply vacuum deposited, electroplated, printed and spray painted plastic parts. This is old news..Reply


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Topics include farmland preservation, improved marketing efforts, economic growth and sustainable agriculture initiatives
Three local land trusts, Catawba Lands Conservancy, Foothills Conservancy of North Carolina and The Land Trust for Central North Carolina, are partnering to host the “Farming for the Piedmont’s Future: A Regional Farmland Preservation & Agricultural Development Forum” on Dec. 1.
This regional forum will bringing together county officials, planners, leaders and farmers to share information and ideas, and discuss issues affecting the future of farming in a 11-county Piedmont region of North Carolina. The counties of focus include Alexander, Cabarrus, Catawba, Cleveland, Davie, Gaston, Iredell, Lincoln, Rowan, Union and Mecklenburg.
How to improve marketing efforts in the 24hr information age, writing successful business plans, and understanding local and state policies that support agriculture will be among the topics of the information sessions.
According to the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, there are more than 52,000 farms in the state, of which 8,471 are within this 11-county region. The gross annual income from the sale of crops, livestock, and livestock products in North Carolina in 2010 was $9.6 billion, of which $1 billion in sales were from within the 11-county region. North Carolina ranks first in the country for the production of tobacco and sweet potatoes, and second for items including Christmas tree receipts, turkeys and fresh strawberries.
“It’s so vital that we continue these conservation efforts because local farming is a rich and important part of our heritage, our way of life and an important aspect of sustainability,” said Tom Okel, executive director of Catawba Lands Conservancy. “To make a farming preservation impact locally, we have to think regionally. And we have to act quickly, too, to save farmlands so that they continue to be a viable industry for future generations. That’s why this partnership with our regional land trusts to support this farm forum is so important.”


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New 90-day challenge to kick off 2011
HUNTINGTON -- A new year calls for a new challenge, and that is just what Ebenezer Medical Outreach's Yvonne Jones has planned -- a new, 90-day challenge to help usher in a healthier and happier 2011. The challenge begins the week of Jan. 2 and will conclude Saturday, April 2, with a walk/race and health food festival at Pullman Square.
"It's the beginning of a new year and people are always making New Year's resolutions," Jones said. "This is not so much a resolution for a new year. It's more a resolution for a lifestyle change. This is not a temporary fix. It's ongoing."
Jones cited the latest Behavioral Risk Factor Survey released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in early December, naming the Huntington-Ashland Metropolitan Statistical Area with the second highest obesity rate in the nation at 39 percent.
"The Huntington-Ashland metropolitan area is once again in the news because it has one of the highest obesity rates in the nation. Only one area is higher," Jones said. "That is close to four out of every 10 people. This is an epidemic that not only has health consequences, but economic consequences."
The first 90-day challenge was issued in May 2010, followed by a holiday challenge during October, November and December. The first challenge of 2011 is encouraging people in three areas: diet, exercise and spirit. Tips include subtracting a processed food item and adding a fruit and vegetable each day; asking a trusted friend or family members to act as an exercise accountability partner; and, encouraging people to record one thing you are grateful for each day of the week.
"These are suggestions to help people take small steps to change their lifestyle," Jones said.
For veterans of the challenges, Jones is encouraging them to push a little more and think of something else that can aid them in their challenge or encourage someone new to try it. For newcomers to the program, Jones said the new calendar year is a perfect time to get motivated.
"If you continue to do things the same way all the time, you can't expect different results," she said. "If you want something different, now's the time to start."
Jones said the challenge team will be working to increase their outreach into the community by contacting churches and civic organizations to get them on board. Another goal, she said, is working with all forms of media to keep the challenge in front of the people.
"One of the things we've done differently this time is set up a Facebook page to help people communicate and keep track of their progress," she said. "We want people who are Facebook users to go to our page."
Search for "Healthy Huntington Revolution" on at www.facebook.com and send a request to join the group.
The Herald-Dispatch welcomes your comments on this article, but please be civil. Avoid profanity, obscenity, personal attacks, accusations of criminal activity, name-calling or insults to the other posters. Herald-dispatch.com does not control or monitor comments as they are posted, but if you find a comment offensive or uncivil, hover your mouse over the comment and click the X that appears in the upper right of the comment. If you do not want your comment to post to your personal Facebook page, uncheck the box below the comment.


James M. Spinney, Chief of Police
2 Olde North Road
Chelmsford, MA 01824
For Immediate Release
Thursday, Oct. 1, 2015
Contact: John Guilfoil
Email: [email protected]
Chelmsford Police Assist In Solving Arizona Cold Case
CHELMSFORD — Police Chief James Spinney reports that the Chelmsford Police Department assisted the Pima County Sheriff’s Department in Arizona determine the identity of a woman this week whose body was found in 1981.
In December 2014, Chelmsford Police received a photo from the Pima County Sheriff’s Department regarding a Jane Doe case. The woman, who was later determined to be Brenda Gerow, had formerly live in Nashua, N.H. before moving to Arizona with convicted killer and former Tyngsboro man, John Kalhauser.
The photo police used to identify Gerow was found on Kalhauser after he was arrested in 1995 for a murder charge out of Lowell.
Because Kalhauser had ties to the area, Pima County Sheriff’s Department contacted Chelmsford Police in hopes that someone could identify the woman in the photo.
Chelmsford Police then posted the picture on Twitter and Facebook. Eventually, a family member saw the photo and contacted the Pima County Sheriff’s Department.
On Sept. 28, the Pima County Sheriff’s Office announced the Jane Doe was in fact Gerow and that Kalhauser is a person of interest in her death.


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Both the audio and video of the song have been released on YouTube. The song Sidhu's vocals and rap from Burna Boy with music by Steel Banglez. The video has been directed by Navkaran Brar.
Take a look at the song here:
The late singer appears in the video through the depiction of murals and paintings. The video uses VFX deep fake technology.
Many fans took to the comment section to talk about the song, one fan said, "Legend never die...." while another fan wrote, "The vibe of this song is just too out of the world .... So relaxing and calm music legend never die ... He will forever live in our hearts." Another comment read, "He was a legend And he will be remembered always."

domain: entertainment


2019 Peugeot 208 - New and improved supermini
The new Peugeot 208 is a stunning supermini which draws you straight to it, daring you to take it for a test drive. Peugeot really does have it nailed on when it comes to designing and building gorgeous little cars. I cannot think of many better, than this latest edition to their line up.
Peugeot has traditionally changed the number of the car, when bringing out the next-generation model, having started with the 205 back in 1983, then the 206, 207 and 208. Rather than doing a 209 Peugeot have decided to keep the 208, but have stripped it down and rebuilt from scratch an all-new 208. In my opinion, it is the best looking of the 200 family, that Peugeot has ever developed. It ticks all the boxes aesthetically, not just outside but inside as well. There are just three trim levels to choose from; Active, Allure and GT Line, so picking your 208 should be fairly straightforward.
Let's not take anything away from the previous models, as they were extremely popular and have sold over 22 million units worldwide to date. The new 208 though should not only challenge the regular competition such as the Ford Fiesta, VW Polo and Renault Clio but also what is considered the more premium brands such as the Audi A1 and Mini.
Continue reading the yoauto review to help you decide if the Peugeot 208 is the right car for you. If the 208 doesn't tick all of your boxes, then don't forget to visit our Used Car buying page, where you will find thousands of cars available across the UK at excellent prices.
Engines, Power and Performance
The Peugeot 208 is available with a choice of three petrol variations, one diesel and the all-new all-electric version named the e-208 GT. We will just be focussing on the standard combustion engines and will cover the electric e-208 GT in a separate review at a later date.
We will start with the only diesel option in the range, the 1.5-litre BlueHDI which develops 100bhp and 250Nm of torque. It will hit 0-62mph in 10.2 secs and climb to a top speed of 117mph. The diesel engine is paired to a 6-speed manual transmission and can be chosen with all three of the trim levels.
The petrol engine choices come from a 1.2-litre PureTech unit with three different power outputs. The entry-level is the 74bhp, 118Nm of torque option which is paired to a five-speed manual transmission and is only available in the lowest trim level Active. It is capable of hitting 0-62mph in an unimpressive 14.9secs and will hit a top speed of 106mph.
The mid-range option is the 100bhp version with 205Nm of torque which can be paired to either a six-speed manual transmission or an eight-speed automatic transmission. Both engine and transmission choices are available across all three trim levels. The manual gearbox will hit 0-62mph in a respectable 9.8secs, whilst the automatic takes nearly a second longer at 10.8secs, and both will hit a top speed of 117mph.
Finally, there is the most powerful version of the 1.2-litre engine, which develops 129bhp and 230Nm of torque, coupled to an eight-speed automatic transmission as standard. It will get from 0-62mph in 8.7secs and climb to a top speed of 129mph, and although the figures don't look that quick, it is a very nippy car around town. You can only have this engine in either Allure or GT Line trim levels, but is certainly worth the extra money for the added performance it provides in such a small car.
The Peugeot 208 handles well and is surprisingly smooth even when going over potholes and humps and bumps, for such a small car. The steering is light which makes it easy to manoeuvre when city driving or when it's time to park. Although the steering is not quite up to the standard of the Ford Fiesta, especially when attacking corners at high speed, it is still a vast improvement over the previous 208.
Interior Quality and Technology
The interior of the all-new 208 is one of it's stand out features with the latest selection of technology combined with the Peugeot i-Cockpit design. You get a 7-inch capacitive colour touchscreen with sat-nav, Bluetooth connectivity, smartphone mirroring with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto as standard along with DAB radio and voice recognition. There is also an optional 10-inch screen, which comes as standard in the GT line trim.
In all but the entry-level Active trim, you get the new Peugeot 3D i-Cockpit display cluster. It is a new feature not found in any of its rivals and works by projecting various driver information on different layers to provide a 3D effect. This can also be fully customised by the driver to suit their needs. Although at first, this appears to be more of a gimmick than a necessity, once you get used to it, you will appreciate what it does and how useful it can be. I have no doubt this will be common across all new Peugeot's soon and could push other manufacturers to follow suit.
The build quality and materials used within the new 208 are much better than in the outgoing model. There's an air of quality and style within the cabin of the 208. It can now compete against almost all of its rivals and in most cases outshines them.
Space, Practicality and Safety
The 208 falls into the category of a 'super-mini', and it's a small car, so space is never going to be overwhelming. Upfront there is a generous amount of space to fit most adults, even those over 6ft tall. The seats are manually adjustable as standard and offer a good range of movement to find your ideal, comfortable driving position. In the back, space is a little more restrictive but still not bad for a small car with reasonable headroom and legroom to fit adults in. Ideally more suited to small adults or children, especially if using for any long journeys.
There are various storage cubbies such as door pockets, glovebox and centre compartment to store your bits and bobs. The boot is of good size, with a capacity of 311-litres and 1106-litres with the rear seats folded down, which trumps the rival Ford Fiesta in this department.
The all-new Peugeot 208 received a 4-star rating from the recent Euro NCAP safety tests, narrowly missing out on the top 5-star award. The deduction was mainly due to inadequate whiplash protection for the passengers in the rear, something I am sure Peugeot will look to rectify in re-worked models.
You do get a fair amount of standard safety tech as standard in the 208 such as; Emergency Brake Assist (EBA), Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) with hill start assist and Automatic Hazard light activation upon heavy braking.
The new Peugeot 208 is a gorgeous car and a massive step for the French firm in terms of quality, style and technology. If you are thinking of your next little city car, then this has to be given some serious thought. Click here to find your next car.


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Barack Obama has announced that American combat missions in Afghanistan will end this year.
The US president said in 2015, 9,800 US troops will remain in the country and that presence will be halved by the end of the year.
President Obama said the following year all troops will withdraw from the country.
In a press conference at the White House, the US president said: "This weekend I travelled to Afghanistan to thank the men and women and civilians as a grateful nation for the sacrifices made for our security."
More top news
South African anti-apartheid leader Ahmed Kathrada has died at the age of 87.
Cyclone Debbie has made landfall in Australia, battering the Queensland coastline with winds of up to 163mph (263km/h) and heavy rains.
Travel vaccinations, gluten-free foods and omega-3 supplements may no longer be available on the NHS under major cost-cutting plans.


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Purpose – Scholarly monographs are a major information resource in the humanities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of abstracting and indexing (A&I) databases and library catalogues (OPACs) for subject retrieval of these monographs.
Design/methodology/approach – A sample of monographs in philosophy was checked in the Philosopher's Index database and in library OPACs to establish how many subject terms were assigned per page of text.
Findings – The results highlighted the inadequate indexing of monographs in these databases. Various methods of improving subject access are discussed, including enriched subject content of database records. The search potential of full-text databases is examined, with specific reference to two such databases, Oxford Scholarship Online and JSTOR.
Practical implications – It is suggested that current and planned digitization projects need to incorporate improved search facilities, either by automatic generation of subject-rich document surrogates, or by the incorporation of author-generated metadata.
Originality/value – This paper clarifies the current problems related to subject retrieval of scholarly monographs at a time when the launch of major digitization projects calls for urgent attention to this issue.


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The enticing aroma of cake freshly baked from scratch is like no other. In our highly requested workshop, learn to make and bake cakes just like Grandma - dense, moist pound cake, giant creamy cupcakes, devilishly rich chocolate cake, ruby red velvet cake, and unbelievable upside-down cake. All you need to achieve cake perfection is an understanding of classical baking techniques and some fresh, high-quality ingredients. It really is a piece of cake!
SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES Learning the fundamentals… Show more
Created by ZventsORDO | Claim this event
1107 Highland Colony Pkwy.
Ridgeland, MS 39158

domain: food


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The Persnickety Snark started a blog challenge focusing on different “greats” in Y.A called “The Persnickety Snark FIVE challenge“. Like usual I’m joining the party late, but that’s okay because this is a fun challenge! I probably won’t complete all the posts, but I’ll certainly complete a few.
Today’s post is about my favorite covers of 2010. When I first gave thought to this post, Mindi Scott’s cover for Freefall and Andrea Cremer’s cover for Nightshade came to mind immediately. The other three took some thought because there are so many fab covers!
What are your favorite covers from 2010?
3. Beautiful Darkness by Kami Garcia & Margaret Stohl- This cover is both pretty and eerie. I love the color of blue used, the font, and the worn stairs which I’m assuming lead down to the Lunae Libri.
5. Nevermore by Kelly Creagh- I like the models on this cover, but they really aren’t the reason I like it so much. What caught my eye are the pieces of Varen’s journal written all over the cover. It adds much-needed dimension. **Note to teachers and librarians- If you laminate your hardcover book jackets, I found out the hard way that the handwriting will disappear after the cover is laminated. Not surprisingly, I was pretty bummed.**


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See Merit, Certificate of. certificate of merit. In the U. S. army a certificate which is given by the President, upon the recommendation of commanding officers, to enlisted men who have distinguished themselves in the service.
What is Certificate of Merit medical malpractice?
- Certificate of Merit [Medical Malpractice] Law and Legal Definition. Certificate of merit is a certificate filed in a medical malpractice action. It is usually filed by the plaintiff’s attorney along with the complaint.
What does it mean to receive a certificate of merit?
Certificates of Merit A certificate of merit is a statement from an “appropriate licensed professional.” This means that the professional must hold a medical license, and typically must be in an equal professional position as the defendant.
What is a certificate of merit in college?
A successful evaluation results in a certificate being given, in recognition that the student has achieved the specified requirements for the specified level (representing one year) of study. The Certificate of Merit® program in California also offers performance opportunities for outstanding student performers.
What is certificate of merit for students?
Merit Certificate: A merit certificate is given to the individual to recognize him for his performance or achievements. This certificate is given to honor a person with respect and gratitude. A person receiving a merit certificate claims that he has done an excellent job in his academics or career.
Who signs a certificate of merit?
A certificate of merit is a document that the plaintiff’s attorney files that is signed by an “appropriate licensed professional.” In it, the professional declares that he or she has reviewed the medical malpractice claim and that he or she believes that there is a reasonable probability that the defendant provided
How much does a certificate of merit cost?
Experienced evaluators hear students perform selected literature, technique elements and sight-reading. Students also complete a written exam, which includes ear-training. The fees for participation range from $30 to $65, depending on the level.
How long does it take to get a certificate of merit?
Failure to file the lawsuit by the applicable deadline means the right to sue will be lost forever. So it’s crucial to obtain the certificate with ample time before the expiration of the statute of limitations. Depending on the doctor and the laws of the state, obtaining a certificate of merit can take several months.
How does Certificate of Merit work?
Certificate of Merit students participate in an annual Evaluation, conducted online between February and March, and receive a written musical performance assessment. Upon successful completion of the Evaluation, students receive an official MTAC Certificate of Merit Certificate for their level.
How do you qualify for a certificate of merit?
In order to qualify for a COM, your driving record must be free of traffic violations for at least three years. After three years of safe driving, you will be awarded the COM (given by the Traffic Police of Singapore through the Electronic Driver Data Information and Enquiry System).
What is merit certificate in CA?
If condition (ii) is not met, merit certificate shall be awarded to the student who obtains highest aggregate marks in CFAP and MSA papers provided he/she meets condition (i). Gold medal on overall. performance in CA. Program. (i) Pass all papers of CA examination in first attempt.
Is a certificate of merit an award?
Eligibility for the Award The Certificate of Merit is awarded to members of the Institution only for ‘Outstanding Services to the Institution’.
Who are eligible for merit scholarship?
Students who are less than 30 years of age can apply for this scholarship. Students who are pursuing their first postgraduate degree are eligible for this scholarship. Students studying a postgraduate degree through distance mode cannot apply for this scholarship. First or second rank holders at UG level are eligible.
What does a merit award mean?
noun. A financial award given by an organization to reward excellence in a particular field.
Does California require a certificate of merit?
In California, a plaintiff who intends to file a professional negligence lawsuit against an architect, engineer, or land surveyor, must comply with the certificate of merit requirement found in California Code of Civil Procedure, section 411.35.
What is an affidavit of merit?
Affidavits of merit, sometimes referred to as a certificate of merit, in the most general of terms, are affidavits signed by an expert in the field, attesting to the merit or merits of a claim. Affidavits of merit are a product of tort reform efforts.
What is an affidavit of merit in NY?
A certificate of merit is a document certifying that the plaintiff’s attorney consulted with a medical expert who has arrived at the conclusion that the plaintiff’s action has merit.

domain: law


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Runners follow an out-and-back course that starts and finishes near downtown Lakeland on the eastern side of Lake Mirror, along South Lake Avenue. From there, the course heads west and south along Massachusetts Avenue, Lake Morton Drive and Lake Hollingsworth Drive through the Lake Morton Historic District, all the way south to Cleveland Heights Boulevard and Hallam Drive. The course unfolds past Cleveland Heights Country Club before heading back north toward the series of lakes that runners passed earlier in the race, back to Lake Mirror for the race finish.
Note: The course map above provides the approximate route for the race. Though every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, changes are sometimes made to race routes due to weather conditions, road closures or other circumstances that can require a course to be changed. If you see an error above, contact us here.

domain: geography


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عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]چکیده [English]
Introduction: Drought, as a natural disaster, has a major impact on agriculture and ecosystem of the affected region. Droughts occur mainly in areas like Iran being located in the world dry belt, with below normal levels of rainfall. There is a need to study and predict the drought situation because, according to statistics, Iran is among the most water-stressed countries, with serious problems in occurring floods, supplying drinking water and generation of electricity, so assessing the drought situation in order to reduce damage, comprehensive drought plans are essential for the country and the studied province.
In this study drought situation in Isfahan province, has been evaluated using a relatively long (> 27 years) monthly precipitation data, with simultaneous considering of six drought indies including MCZI, CZI, ZIS, SPI, DI and PNPI.
Materials and methods: Study area and data: Isfahan province has geographical coordinates of 30 degrees 43 minutes to 34 degrees and 27 minutes north latitude and 49 degrees and 38 minutes to 55 degrees 32 minutes east length and area of 107145 square kilometers (equivalent to 3.6 percent of the total area of Iran). The annual rainfall in the study area is 130 mm which is less than half the country's average rainfall and one sixth of the global average.
In this study, in order to study the drought indices of Isfahan province, 27 year precipitation data of 12 stations in the province and neighboring areas were used with appropriate statistical quality.
Case Study Indicators: In this study, six drought indexes based on rainfall were selected to evaluate drought indices of Isfahan province. The basis of drought indicators is often based on the estimation of precipitation deviation from the long-term average over a given period. General features and formulas used to calculate each of the drought indicators are: , , , , and each of the indicators has different classes of drought.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Drought Indicators: The meteorological drought is based on the assumption that the minimum rainfall during the long term of the weather represents a very severe or severe meteorological drought that occurred in the studied area. In order to investigate this hypothesis, rainfall at each station was determined using drought indices and the indicators that were most consistent with the climate conditions were identified.
Finally, using inverse distance method in ArcGIS tools, the most accurate index maps were developed.
Findings and Results: In the first stage of this research, in order to better evaluate the spatial variations of rainfall in the selected stations, in addition to the quantity and quality of data, latitude and longitude, and altitude from the sea level, the 27-year time base (from 1990-2017) as the common statistical basis for the study of time variation Precipitation was taken into consideration. Then, the accuracy and homogeneity of the data and the incomplete statistics of precipitation of the stations were reconstructed using correlation method and normal ratio method.
In the second stage, using the moving average method, dry and wet periods were measured by long-term rainfall data with continuity periods and drought severity using different drought indices. Then, to determine the hypothesis, the minimum rainfall was determined at each station and then evaluated using drought indices.
Using inverse interpolation method and using the GIS and based on available spatial distribution data, an interpolation map was prepared and using the superior climatic index (CZI, DI, SPI and PNPI) during the 27 year statistical period (1990- 2017), drought zoning maps were prepared monthly, quarterly, and five-monthly and annual.
Discussion and Conclusion:
The results showed that the ability of the SPI, DI, PNPI, ZSI, CZI and MCZI indices is based on the relationships defined in the climatic drought conditions. Drought indicators at different stations have different results that can be seen even at nearby stations. The reason for this is the high rainfall variation in the study area.
Among the indices, the DI ranked first, the second highest SPI, the third highest CZI, and the PNPI index, the ZSI index, and the MCZI index in the next ranking. Therefore, in order to zoning the drought, the first three indicators are used.
Although the results of the hypothesis test showed that the SPI index and Decile precipitation (DI) index were consistent with the minimum rainfall year, but showed a severe and severe drought occurrence in all stations, and, in terms of other indicators, had more performance. Display Severe drought, but the range of monthly and annual Deciles of Index (DI) is slightly higher than other indicators in the charts. Especially in the graphs shown by the decimal index (DI), it seems a small increase in the rate of drought and tropical manifestations. It can be said that according to this study, precipitation index fluctuations (DI), although according to other indicators, are more marked in monthly and annual rainfall graphs.
Based on the calculations, six climatic indicators at annual time scale showed that SPI, ZSI and CZI indices are consistent with drought persistence and drought severity. The results of selected criteria show that in the years 1994 to 1995, 2001 to 2005 and 2008 severe drought occurred in most parts of the province.
From the station's point of view, the highest drought frequency in the studied area for DI, SPI, ZSI and CZI indicators from Natanz and Kebootar Abad stations and the longest drought resistance in different time scales in the study area; DI: Kabottarabad station from 2007 to 2009 and Naine station from 1993 to 1995 on a seasonal scale is the longest drought. According to the SPI index, the Neen station spent the longest drought from late 1999 to the beginning of 2007 on a 24-month scale from 2001 to early 2007 at Reza Station.
In the preparation of annual drought maps using the indicators, it was found that annual time indices cannot accurately represent drought zoning and estimate the severity of drought at the lower end. So, for these indicators, drought plans should be prepared monthly to month. This result shows that droughts are heavily dependent on the time of occurrence and vary locally and locally according to short-term time. Therefore, providing annual drought map using monthly indicators cannot provide a realistic picture of spatial development and drought severity.
In the droughts map, the most severe droughts during the studied period show severe droughts in the center and south-east of the area around the stations of Naein, Kabootar Abad, KhoroBiabanak, Ardestan and Shah Reza compared to other areas of the area. From the point of view of the longest continuity in the region, the central and south-east and north parts of the area are more susceptible to potential, and the western and southwest sections are less susceptible. This feature is especially important in the southeast and the center of the area surrounding the Naein, Kabootar Abad, Shah Reza and Ardestan stations


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It’s certainly no secret, I love anything and everything handmade and last weekend I had the privilege of photographing the Handmade Canberra Market at the National Convention Centre. In my previous life I was a product designer and manufacturer so I can tell you, I’m no stranger to markets! I’m used to standing behind a table all day though, so the freedom to wander around, chat to stallholders and take pictures was pretty much my dream day. I’ll leave the info on how this all came to be in my next post and just get to the pictures for now….
I’ve got loads of images so i decided to split this into two posts. Warning – long post ahead! Unfortunately the default “slideshow” feature for this blog theme is too small for my liking and the “gallery” option just looked messy so an old fashioned long post it is.
For full information on stallholders, products etc. please pop on over to the directory on the Handmade Canberra website or the blog for all the info you need. Thank you to Julie, the lovely lady behind Handmade Canberra for this opportunity, I look forward to working with you more in future!
(Click images to view larger)
Didn’t see your stall/products/face/friends? Fear not, part two coming tomorrow, there’s every chance you’ll see them then!

domain: hobby


Pakistan’s real estate business is one of the most important industries, contributing significantly to the country’s economic development. As per World Bank estimates, Pakistan’s real estate assets account for 70 to 75 percent of the country’s net worth. Due to several financial, social, and political issues, the country’s property market was not doing well in 2019. 2020, on the other hand, was surely a fantastic year! It began with a significant crash, resulting in a global economic crisis resulting from Covid-19, but it concluded on a very different note.
An Overview of Pakistani Real Estate in 2021
For Pakistan’s real estate sector, 2021 was a game-changer. It began with a significant crash, but it concluded with a slew of rewards for everyone involved in the industry. The leniency policy, PM Imran Khan’s construction assistance package, and new laws for selling and acquiring property have had a favorable impact on the country’s real estate.
All of the government’s packages have proven to be beneficial to Pakistan’s real estate market. However, since the government announced that people might build projects and residences without identifying their income source, property prices have risen by 20% to 30%. Property prices have indeed risen like a rocket as a result of this development relief program. But, on the whole, Pakistan’s real estate market had a solid year.
The Current Property Market Situation
Property prices have remained constant in the last two months of 2020. On the other hand, the Pakistani government has stated that it will extend its construction aid package until December 31, 2021. This revelation has reignited the positive sentiment, and home values have begun to rise once more. However, now is the moment to invest with caution, as property prices are behaving highly speculatively.
The government’s construction assistance package primarily targeted development and building. However, the plot sector, which includes non-possession plots, has a good proportion. Many societies have begun to produce non-possession properties and have proclaimed possession for investors to start building their projects/homes as soon as possible. We can anticipate an increase in property prices until mid 2021. Hopefully, it’s the correct assumption.
Pakistan’s Real Estate Market is Expected to Grow
Pakistan’s real estate sector will have an eventful year in 2021. This year would be really favorable, but we must consider a number of elements to make these real estate market predictions for 2021. But, most crucially, our administration appears to be concentrating its efforts this time on real estate development like Capital smart city, Lahore smart city and other top project of real estate. As a result, we may predict that in 2021, Investors will invest more unreported money in real estate. Furthermore, it’ll be a good year, particularly for building projects and ownership areas.
Therefore, 2021 would be an excellent year to invest in the real estate market. On the other hand, the development will yield a higher profit, while plot trading can be a backup choice. Since becoming Pakistan’s prime minister, Imran Khan has implemented a number of changes and improvements to the country’s real estate sector, which are inextricably linked to the country’s economy in a variety of ways, including:
- The majority of these modifications were made to increase government tax income.
- It prevents the real estate business from making speculative purchases.
Consequently, these developments investors have decreased their investment in Pakistan’s real estate market, putting the country’s economy in jeopardy.
What does the year 2021 hold for real estate?
In 2020, the real estate market was impacted by the pandemic and an unpredictable political climate. We can only hope that things will improve and that the property market will begin to find buyers in the coming years. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a momentous undertaking. The economic corridor has the potential to attract a large amount of international investment.
The megaproject’s web of roads connects Pakistan’s Gwadar port to China’s Xinjiang capital. This corridor would facilitate both countries’ commercial activity and provide new chances for growth for Pakistan’s real estate sector. The real estate market in Gwadar and its environs is likely to surge as the center of CPEC activity.
Before making a real estate investment, you should look at several asset categories such as residential properties, apartments, homes, and business units, including offices, residential, industrial, and farmlands. You should make sure that you engage intangible assets rather than just a contract or bit of paper. We never advise you to hire deceptive products or documents that purport toward being real estate and have no physical presence or value.
Pakistan’s real estate strategy is sound. The real estate sector attracts both domestic and international investment. Aside from that, other residential and industrial developments are in the works across the country, offering excellent investment prospects. These residences are legal and have repayment options that are appealing to investors.


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Singapore stocks gained on Monday, led by lenders such as DBS Group and OCBC Bank, with Japanese advancing to two-decade high as an election win for Shinzo Abe's ruling bloc paved way for a continuation of loose monetary policy.
Japan's Nikkei raced up 1 percent to its highest since 1996 after Prime Minister Abe looked to have easily won in national elections over the weekend.
Investors assumed the victory would allow the Bank of Japan to continue with massive monetary easing that depresses bond yields and the yen, even as the U.S. Federal Reserve seems determined to hike rates again in December, Reuters reported.
At 0530 GMT, the Straits Times Index rose 0.21 percent or 7 points to 3,347. It ended 0.17 percent higher on Friday, taking the year-to-date performance to about 16 percent.
Overseas-Chinese Banking Corp and DBS Group Holdings gained 0.3 percent each.
TEE International, which provides mechanical and electrical engineering services, jumped 7 percent after its unit received S$56.5 million worth of contracts from Land Transport Authority.
Embattled Noble Group plunged 8 percent after saying it would sell its U.S. oil-liquids business to Vitol Group for about $580 million, as commodity trader tries to reduce debt.
Darco Water Technologies surged 17 percent after its strategic investor Robert Wang Zhi will purchase 29.5 percent stake in water treatment specialist for up to S$19.7 million
About 1.2 billion shares worth S$546 million changed hands, with gainers outnumbering losers 198 to 160.