|Aug6-12, 02:45 AM||#1|
Gas Displacement and Pressure
Hi. I was just wondering if gases displace each other. For example, if I set up an apparatus to produce oxygen gas like the one shown in this diagram
would the oxygen produced in the flask displace the air that is already present in the apparatus? Or would the oxygen gas and air simply "mix"?
|Aug6-12, 08:45 AM||#2|
It mixes. Because if it were to displace, the other gases ( I mean air) has to undergo a displacement reaction with potassium chlorate which does not happen.
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The Ultimate Warrior, one of the biggest stars in professional wrestling, died Tuesday at age 54, World Wrestling Entertainment said in a statement.
Born James Brian Hellwig, Warrior legally changed his name in 1993.
Scottsdale, Ariz., police spokesman Sgt. Mark Clark said Warrior collapsed while walking with his wife to their car at a hotel, and was pronounced dead at a hospital.
There were no signs of foul play, Clark said. The Maricopa County Medical Examiner's Office will conduct an autopsy Thursday, county spokeswoman Cari Gerchick said.
Warrior was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame on Saturday in New Orleans and spoke inside the ring during Monday's "WWE Raw."
"WWE is shocked and deeply saddened to learn of the passing of one of the most iconic WWE superstars ever, The Ultimate Warrior," read a statement from the company. "We are grateful that just days ago, Warrior had the opportunity to take his rightful place in the WWE Hall of Fame and was also able to appear at WrestleMania 30 and Monday Night Raw to address his legions of fans. WWE sends its sincere condolences to Warrior's family, friends and fans."
Warrior began his career with the World Wrestling Federation in 1987, and by 1990 he had become one of the biggest stars in the company, rivaling the popularity of Hulk Hogan. Warrior defeated Hogan to win the world title at the SkyDome in Toronto that year.
Hogan was among the wrestling stars to express his condolences on Twitter early Wednesday morning.
RIP WARRIOR. only love. HH
- Hulk Hogan (@HulkHogan) April 9, 2014As did WWE chairman and CEO Vince McMahon.
We are all so sad that the Ultimate Warrior has passed away. Our heart is with his wife Dana and his two daughters.
- Vince McMahon (@VinceMcMahon) April 9, 2014The face-painted Warrior was famous for running to the ring before matches, violently shaking the ropes and giving interviews that were as hurried as some of his matches.
Warrior's induction into the WWE Hall of Fame on Saturday ended an 18-year absence from the company, and he announced he had signed a multiyear deal with the company to serve as an official ambassador.
In what would be his last public appearance, Warrior put on his mask one last time in the center of the ring and addressed a sold-out crowd at the Smoothie King Center in New Orleans on Monday.
"No WWE talent becomes a legend on their own," he said. "Every man's heart one day beats its final beat. His lungs breathe their final breath. And if what that man did in his life makes the blood pulse through the body of others and makes them bleed deeper in something that's larger than life, then his essence, his spirit, will be immortalized by the storytellers, by the loyalty, by the memory of those who honor him, and make the running the man did live forever."
Warrior is survived by his wife, Dana, and his two daughters.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.

domain: entertainment


Date: 16 January 2006
North East hit by electricity stores closures
Scottish and Southern Electricity have shocked retail employees
in North East Scotland today (16 January) by announcing that four
of their shops will close by the end of February.
Shop staff were told at a meeting in Stonehaven today, that shops
at Mastrick, Fraserburgh, Lochee and Broughty Ferry will close and
stores in Union Street Aberdeen and Whitehall, Dundee will be reduced
Nearly 40 staff will be affected with Head of Retail Steve Adamson
confirming around 20 jobs will go with many others severely affected.
UNISON Branch Secretary Sheila Carcary said 'Many staff have been
with Scottish Hydro for over 20 years and were obviously very upset
at the news. UNISONs priority will be to maintain as many jobs as
possible for our members but this is a huge loss both for individual
staff and for the areas they have served for all those years.'
John Fair Regional Officer explained 'Individual interviews with
staff will commence tomorrow and more details will become available
as these progress but the company are indicating an expected loss
of twenty jobs and its hard to see how compulsory redundancies can
be avoided. However we will continue to work with the company in
trying to minimise the numbers concerned.'
For Further Information Please Contact: Sheila Carcary (Branch
Secretary) 01738 453081 Pat Flynn (Retail Lead Steward) 0845 6090022
John Fair (Regional Officer) 0771 892 9023


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Monsoon prediction is turning very crucial in the country every year; in order to achieve accurate forecasting India is developing a supercomputer. The supercomputer is expected to be ready and running by next year.
The Indian Meteorological Department will be spending around $60 million for the cause, it is expected to go for 3D modeling to predict how the seasonal rains will develop. Official from the department said the new systems supplemented by super computer will be 10 times faster than the present system.
The backbone agriculture sector of the country is dependent on the seasonal rains from June to September, which accounts for 66% of the annual rainfall. Reality forecasting is expected to boost the agriculture output by better guiding the farmer in harvesting management.
India’s age old methodology of monsoon prediction is outdated and it has affected the forecasting, it failed to predict the major drought in 2009.
An official said “Monsoon still remains a very complex weather system which only God has the ability to understand fully.”

domain: geography


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Fri June 29, 2012
Fire Burns Land Around Pennyrile Parkway
Officials say sparks from an electric line caused yesterday's wildfire along the Pennyrile Parkway in Christian County.
The fire began around 4 pm on the east side of the Parkway near Hopkinsville. Heavy smoke drifting onto the highway caused officials to detour traffic for about 7 miles. Nearly 20 professional and volunteer fire departments fought the blaze which burned more than 500 acres according to early estimates. The highway reopened around 3 am this morning. Kentucky Division of Forestry’s Lynn True says the parkway fire underscores how vulnerable dry conditions have made western Kentucky.


text: I recently bought an old Victorian Photo Album at Auction. There are 67 photos and two funeral cards. One for Magdalena Longenecker died May 3, 1885 and the other for Peter Longenecker died Jan 9,1895. At least one of the photos looks like a photo I have of Mary Amanda Longenecker (my ggg grandmother). I am looking for people to send me copies of photos they may have of their Longeneckers so I can try to match some names with the faces in these wonderful photos.I will be happy to send copies of any of these photos to anyone interested. *note* all photos appear to have been taken at studios in Pennsylvania.

domain: history


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A charitable commitment by one major Suffolk firm has been extended for another year.
Vertas Group’s CEO Ian Surtees announced at the company’s staff awards event recently that Cancer Research UK would remain its beneficiary cause for a further 12 months.
Ian also presented a cheque for £8,500 to Nichola Whymark from Cancer Research UK, which represents the monies raised by staff and customers in this current financial year.
As well as school bake sales, employee sporting events and monthly dress down days, each of the Vertas directors has pledged to take on a fundraising challenge in 2018.
Directors Marcus Yarham and Jo Lardent have committed to a yet-to-be-announced quest, while Ian Surtees will be cycling Coast to Coast, from the Cumbrian town of Workington, finishing 150 miles later at Tynemouth.
His team of ‘Vertas Coasters’ – Vertas Chairman Duncan Johnson, Non-executive Director Gerry Kassab and Area Catering Manager Jon Lakin – will be dipping their bike wheels in the Irish Sea on 10 April 2018.
The Vertas Coasters are hoping to raise £1000 for CRUK https://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/Team/VertasCoasters
“Cancer Research UK relies solely on the generosity of our supporters like Vertas,” said Nichola Whymark of Cancer Research UK.
“The money raised to date could buy a microplate washer – a time saving device that frees up our researchers to concentrate on ground-breaking science, instead of the washing up! It could also fund our Cambridge Research Institute for one week. Thank you to everyone at Vertas and their suppliers for their amazing continued support. Together we will beat cancer sooner.”
Ian Surtees added: “At the beginning of the 2017/18 financial year we started supporting Cancer Research UK by crowning them our Charity of the Year, as chosen by members of staff due to the incredible life-saving work the charity carries out.
I am delighted to announce that our charitable partnership with Cancer Research UK will continue for a further year into 2018/19; giving us the chance to continue raising much needed funds for the study into a disease that affects so many.”

domain: news


text:
Grand Parade sees the Frank & Walters operating in their most catchy, bombastic, and anthemic form. Guitars are epic yet always jangling. Paul Linehan's vocals are emotional and often sweetly strained. The songs all beg for repeat listens, to the point where they become stuck in one's head to such an extent that the album nearly becomes unplayable. With most of the songs hovering in the three- to four-minute range, the band gets their hope-filled message across as if they're using jangle rock sledgehammers and get out before things become too overbearing. "Indian Ocean" is one of the most beautiful, perfect alternative rock tracks of all time, suggesting the emotion of U2 and the songwriting craft of the Smiths, but in a style that's entirely the band's own. The chorus of "Maybe you'd like to come and live on the ocean/Maybe you'd like to come and live by the sea" couldn't be more sublime. The songs are optimistic and uplifting almost to a fault. "Little Dolls" is an anthem relating the sad state of mind of a heartbroken woman which sees the band sounding like a happier version of the Verve. Strings swell and the song becomes quite emotional. "How Can I Exist" depicts more angst and more lyrics detailing the need to hold onto hope with Linehan singing "It's time that we got together/And made it right." Hope is the greatest theme of The Grand Parade, and the band's enthusiasm along with their constant desire to see a bad situation turn good seem entirely genuine. Through fantastic hooks and bold choruses, The Grand Parade becomes an infection of powerful optimism. "Have You Ever" contains more vocals about turning things right, as some of the most swoon-worthy, harmonic wailing in all of rock swirls out of the album. "Lately" makes sure things don't get too sugary, closing the album with a sense that indifference is creeping into the Frank & Walters' worldview. It's a quiet, excellent close to an album of equal bombast and grace. Grand Parade sees the band at the peak of their emotional power, mastering their jangle rock style. They must have known there was no higher wrung on the ladder of their genre, so before they went on to later albums incorporating more electronic trickery, they released this joyous good-luck charm to a welcoming audience. Since the band is a bit ignored in the great scheme of things, this album is an excellent place to start for anyone new to the band. The Grand Parade is indeed grand, and infinitely enjoyable.
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AllMusic Review by Tim DiGravina


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Relaxation is often thought of as a passive state of being, but it can also be an active pursuit. For some, relaxation is a passion and a hobby that is just as enriching and fulfilling as any other activity. Understanding relaxation as a passion requires a shift in perspective, but it can lead to a more balanced and peaceful life.
There are many benefits to pursuing relaxation as a passion and hobby. It can help reduce stress, improve sleep, and increase overall well-being. Relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can also improve concentration and focus. Additionally, relaxation can be a form of self-care and a way to prioritize one’s own needs and well-being.
- Relaxation can be an active pursuit and a fulfilling hobby.
- Pursuing relaxation as a hobby can lead to reduced stress, improved sleep, and increased well-being.
- Relaxation can be a form of self-care and a way to prioritize one’s own needs and well-being.
Understanding Relaxation as a Passion
Relaxation is often associated with leisurely activities, such as lounging on the beach or taking a hot bath. While these activities can certainly be relaxing, relaxation can also be a passion in and of itself.
For some individuals, relaxation is a way to unwind and destress after a long day or week. For others, relaxation is a way to connect with themselves and their surroundings. Whatever the reason, relaxation as a passion can offer numerous benefits, including improved mental and physical health.
One way to pursue relaxation as a passion is to engage in activities that promote relaxation, such as meditation, yoga, or tai chi. These practices can help individuals cultivate a sense of calm and inner peace, while also improving flexibility and strength.
Another way to pursue relaxation as a passion is to engage in activities that promote self-care, such as taking a relaxing bath, getting a massage, or spending time in nature. These activities can help individuals feel refreshed and rejuvenated, while also promoting overall health and well-being.
Ultimately, relaxation as a passion is about finding ways to slow down and enjoy life, even in the midst of a busy and hectic world. By prioritizing relaxation and self-care, individuals can improve their quality of life and find greater joy and fulfillment in their daily lives.
Benefits of Relaxation
Relaxation is not only a way to unwind after a long day, but it also has many benefits for both physical and mental health. Here are some of the benefits of relaxation:
Reduces Stress and Anxiety
Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga have been shown to reduce stress and anxiety levels. By focusing on the present moment and calming the mind, these techniques can help individuals feel more relaxed and less overwhelmed.
Relaxation can also improve sleep quality. When the body and mind are relaxed, it is easier to fall asleep and stay asleep throughout the night. This can lead to increased energy levels and better overall health.
Lowers Blood Pressure
Stress and anxiety can cause an increase in blood pressure, which can lead to a variety of health problems. Relaxation techniques can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of developing these health issues.
Boosts Immune System
Relaxation has been shown to boost the immune system by reducing the levels of stress hormones in the body. This can lead to a stronger immune system and a reduced risk of developing illnesses.
Relaxation can also enhance mood and improve overall well-being. By reducing stress and anxiety levels, individuals may feel happier and more content in their daily lives.
Overall, incorporating relaxation techniques into one’s daily routine can have numerous benefits for both physical and mental health.
Relaxation techniques are an effective way to reduce stress and anxiety, improve focus and mood, and promote overall well-being. Here are some popular relaxation techniques that can be practiced as a hobby or passion:
Meditation is a technique that involves focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity to achieve a state of mental clarity and relaxation. There are many different types of meditation, but most involve sitting or lying down in a quiet place and focusing on the breath or a mantra. Meditation has been shown to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve sleep quality.
Yoga is a physical, mental, and spiritual practice that originated in ancient India. It involves a series of postures, breathing exercises, and meditation techniques that promote relaxation and well-being. Yoga has been shown to reduce stress, improve flexibility and balance, and promote overall physical and mental health.
Deep breathing is a simple yet effective relaxation technique that can be practiced anywhere, anytime. It involves taking slow, deep breaths through the nose and exhaling slowly through the mouth. Deep breathing has been shown to lower blood pressure, slow the heart rate, and reduce stress and anxiety.
Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Progressive muscle relaxation is a technique that involves tensing and relaxing different muscle groups in the body to promote relaxation and reduce stress. It typically involves lying down in a quiet place and tensing and relaxing each muscle group for a few seconds at a time. Progressive muscle relaxation has been shown to reduce muscle tension, improve sleep quality, and promote overall relaxation.
By incorporating these relaxation techniques into their daily routine, individuals can reduce stress, improve their overall well-being, and cultivate a passion for relaxation as a hobby.
Relaxation as a Hobby
Relaxation is an essential aspect of life that helps individuals to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Engaging in relaxation activities as a hobby is an excellent way to unwind and improve overall well-being. Here are some popular relaxation hobbies that individuals can try out:
Yoga is a popular relaxation hobby that involves physical, mental, and spiritual practices. It helps individuals to reduce stress, improve flexibility, and enhance mental clarity. Practicing yoga regularly can lead to improved overall well-being.
Reading is a relaxing hobby that can help individuals to escape from the stresses of daily life. It can transport individuals to different worlds, improve vocabulary, and enhance cognitive abilities. Reading can also improve sleep quality and reduce stress levels.
Painting is a therapeutic hobby that allows individuals to express themselves creatively. It can help individuals to reduce stress, improve focus, and enhance mental clarity. Painting can also increase self-esteem and provide a sense of accomplishment.
Meditation is a relaxation technique that involves focusing on the present moment and clearing the mind of distractions. It can help individuals to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Practicing meditation regularly can lead to improved overall well-being.
Hiking is a relaxing hobby that involves exploring nature and getting some exercise. It can help individuals to reduce stress, improve physical fitness, and enhance mental clarity. Hiking can also provide a sense of accomplishment and improve overall well-being.
In conclusion, relaxation hobbies are an excellent way to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Individuals can choose from a variety of hobbies that suit their interests and preferences. Engaging in relaxation hobbies regularly can lead to improved overall well-being.
Creating a Relaxation Routine
Creating a relaxation routine can be a great way to incorporate relaxation into your daily life. By setting aside time for relaxation, you can reduce stress and improve your overall well-being. Here are some tips for creating a relaxation routine:
1. Determine what activities you enjoy
The first step in creating a relaxation routine is to determine what activities you enjoy. This can include anything from reading a book to taking a bath to practicing yoga. It’s important to choose activities that you find enjoyable and that help you relax.
2. Set aside time each day
Once you’ve determined what activities you enjoy, the next step is to set aside time each day for relaxation. This can be as little as 10 minutes or as much as an hour, depending on your schedule. By setting aside time each day, you can make relaxation a priority and ensure that you’re taking care of yourself.
3. Create a relaxing environment
Creating a relaxing environment can help you get into the right mindset for relaxation. This can include dimming the lights, playing calming music, or lighting candles. By creating a relaxing environment, you can help your mind and body relax more easily.
4. Practice mindfulness
Mindfulness is the practice of being present in the moment and focusing on your thoughts and feelings without judgment. By practicing mindfulness during your relaxation routine, you can help reduce stress and improve your overall well-being. This can include practicing deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.
5. Be consistent
Consistency is key when it comes to creating a relaxation routine. By sticking to your routine, you can make relaxation a habit and ensure that you’re taking care of yourself on a regular basis. This can help reduce stress and improve your overall well-being in the long run.
Challenges in Pursuing Relaxation as a Hobby
While relaxation may seem like an easy and straightforward hobby to pursue, there are still some challenges that individuals may face. Here are some of the common challenges in pursuing relaxation as a hobby:
One of the biggest challenges in pursuing relaxation as a hobby is finding the time to do so. Many individuals have busy schedules, and it can be difficult to carve out time for relaxation amidst work, family, and other responsibilities. It’s important to prioritize relaxation and make it a part of one’s routine, even if it means starting with just a few minutes a day.
Another challenge is staying committed to relaxation as a hobby. It can be easy to let other priorities take over and forget to take the time to relax. To stay committed, individuals can set goals and track their progress, join a relaxation group or community, or find an accountability partner.
Some individuals may feel guilty or selfish for taking time to relax, especially if they have a lot of responsibilities or others depend on them. It’s important to remember that relaxation is a necessary part of self-care and can actually improve one’s ability to handle responsibilities and care for others.
Finding the Right Techniques
There are many techniques for relaxation, such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness practices. However, not all techniques may work for everyone. It may take some trial and error to find the right techniques that work for an individual’s needs and preferences.
Overall, while there may be challenges in pursuing relaxation as a hobby, the benefits can be significant. By prioritizing relaxation and finding techniques that work, individuals can improve their mental health, reduce stress, and enjoy a more fulfilling life.
Relaxation hobbies and passions are not exempt from challenges. It’s essential to understand that challenges are part of the journey, and they can be overcome. Here are some common challenges that people face when pursuing relaxation hobbies and passions and how to overcome them.
Lack of Time
One of the most common challenges people face when pursuing relaxation hobbies and passions is a lack of time. Between work, family, and other obligations, finding time to pursue a hobby can be difficult. However, it’s essential to prioritize relaxation time to reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
To overcome the challenge of a lack of time, individuals can:
- Set aside a specific time each day or week for their hobby.
- Incorporate their hobby into their daily routine, such as practicing yoga or meditation in the morning.
- Delegate tasks to free up time for their hobby.
Lack of Motivation
Another challenge that people face when pursuing relaxation hobbies and passions is a lack of motivation. It’s common to lose interest or feel demotivated at times, especially when progress is slow.
To overcome the challenge of a lack of motivation, individuals can:
- Set realistic goals and track progress.
- Join a community or group with similar interests to stay motivated and inspired.
- Try new things within their hobby to keep things fresh and exciting.
Some relaxation hobbies and passions can be expensive, such as traveling or collecting rare items. Financial constraints can be a significant barrier for individuals who want to pursue their passion.
To overcome the challenge of financial constraints, individuals can:
- Look for free or low-cost alternatives to their hobby, such as hiking or reading.
- Set a budget and prioritize their spending.
- Look for ways to make money through their hobby, such as selling handmade crafts or offering services related to their passion.
By understanding and overcoming these challenges, individuals can continue to pursue their relaxation hobbies and passions and reap the benefits they provide.
Relaxation is an important aspect of life that can be pursued as both a passion and hobby. Engaging in activities that promote relaxation can have numerous benefits, including reducing stress levels, improving mental health, and enhancing overall well-being.
By making relaxation a priority in their lives, individuals can experience a greater sense of calm and inner peace. This can be achieved through a variety of activities, such as meditation, yoga, or simply taking a walk in nature.
Additionally, pursuing relaxation as a passion or hobby can provide a sense of fulfillment and enjoyment. Whether it’s reading a book, listening to music, or practicing a craft, engaging in activities that promote relaxation can be a source of pleasure and satisfaction.
Overall, incorporating relaxation into one’s daily routine can lead to a happier, healthier, and more fulfilling life. By taking the time to relax and recharge, individuals can better cope with the challenges and stresses of everyday life, and experience greater joy and contentment.
This article is just one of over 900 we’ve crafted to explore the diverse world of passions and hobbies. Our goal is simple: to help you discover, develop, and live your passion. Whether you’re reigniting an old interest or finding a new one, our extensive collection is your gateway to a richer, more fulfilling life. Dive into our full list of passions, hobbies, and interests and let your journey of discovery begin!

domain: psychology


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|Articles - December 2011|
|Tuesday, November 15, 2011|
Page 1 of 4
By Lee Van der Voo // Illustrations by Ana Mouyis
The exact speed of the wind on this flat-topped butte is confidential. But on the towering plateau 32 miles east of Bend, wind whips across the sagebrush at 5,000 feet, piling snow up by the foot in winter. It’s a landscape mostly left to sage grouse and eagles, pygmy rabbits and bats. Increasingly in Oregon, such lands are also welcoming new residents: windmills.
Pacific Wind Power, owned by 69-year-old John Stahl of Santa Barbara, plans construction of a 104-megawatt wind farm on West Butte. The company is still pursuing financing for the project, but when its 52 wind turbines start turning, Stahl hopes next year, a 4.5-mile road will reach across federally managed land from Highway 20, making it one of two wind projects to lease public lands in Oregon. On the new frontier of renewable energy, this is our pioneer.
Driven to the butte by a federal policy that makes renewable energy a priority for public lands — a silver bullet intended to address climate change, energy independence and job creation in one — it comes with blessings from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The agency’s effort to help developers, state and local governments, and landowners develop wind farms and solar arrays nationwide was sanctioned by an Interior Department order in 2009, aiming to put 10,000 megawatts of renewable energy leases on national public land by the end of 2012.
But conflicts with existing residents of the land — birds and bats primarily, along with cattle-grazing ranchers and hunters — are an unfortunate result. With a mandate to site renewable energy projects, but no real rules as to how, it falls to conservationists, government officials and others to define where renewable energy will fit into public lands in Oregon, even as 177,847 acres are currently being studied or developed for wind farms.
Wednesday, July 09, 2014
BY LINDA BAKER | OB EDITOR
Scott Kveton, the CEO of Urban Airship is taking a leave of absence from the company. As the story continues to unfold, here’s our perspective on a few of the key players.
Thursday, July 31, 2014
BY MARY SPILDE | OB GUEST CONTRIBUTOR
Faced with the aftermath of the “great recession,” increasing concern about the environment and dwindling family wage jobs, we have some very important choices to make about our future.
Friday, July 18, 2014
BY JASON NORRIS | OB GUEST CONTRIBUTOR
Back in May, we shared a common Wall Street quote about investing, “Sell in May and go away.” Fast forward to July and the most common question we have been getting from clients is, “When is the market pullback going to occur?”
Monday, July 07, 2014
BY TOM COX | OB BLOGGER
Named after the 2010 experiment by Thomas Ryan, "Robin Sages" are fake social media profiles designed to encourage linking and divulging valuable information.
Friday, August 15, 2014
In this week's poll, we asked readers: "Who should pay for the troubled Cover Oregon website?" Here are the results.
Wednesday, August 06, 2014
BY LINDA BAKER | OB EDITOR
Portland startup Green Endeavor strikes gold, inking a partnership with Underwriters Laboratories, an Illinois-based consulting and certification company with offices in 46 countries.
Monday, July 14, 2014
BY TERRY "STARBUCKER" ST. MARIE
I really didn’t know that much about angel investing, but I did know a lot about the entrepreneurial spirit.
|The Private 150: Bigger But Leaner|
|The Perfect Food|
|Powerlist: Staffing Firms|
|Taxis Uber Alles?|
|Snapchat now worth $10B|
|Tomatoes may lower prostate cancer risk|
|WHO: Ban e-cigarette use indoors|
|Burger King to acquire Tim Hortons for $11.5B|
|Burger King in talks to buy Tim Hortons|
|Damage from Northern California quake could reach $1B|
|Yellen says job market hampered|
Vigilant enters a New Year with a new president.
How George Fox has become one of Oregon's largest private universities.
Forest Grove sees growth in the burgeoning food and beverage scene.
Lane Powell Shareholder William T. Patton has been appointed to the board of directors for Cascade AIDS Project, an organization that provides educational services and outreach to thousands of Oregonians living with HIV/AIDS.
Fifty-one Lane Powell lawyers were recently selected by their peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America® (Best Lawyers) 2015; of those selected, 23 lawyers are from the Firm’s office in Portland, Oregon.
Barran Liebman is proud to announce that Andrew Schpak, a Partner of the firm, has been named Chair of the American Bar Association’s Young Lawyers Division for the 2014-2015 bar year.


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Researchers Network presents study on the evolution of the Transfer365 systemWritten by Evelyn Alas
The Researchers Network of the Banco Central presented the study entitled "Evolution of the Transfer365 payment system and its impact on the Salvadoran economy", which presents an analysis of the development and evolution of this system almost two years after its implementation, as well as an evaluation of the benefits it provides to the population using payment systems in El Salvador.
Deposits grew 4% to US$18.382 billion as of april 26, 2023Written by Evelyn Alas
The President of the Banco Central de Reserva (BCR), Douglas Rodríguez, explained in a morning interview that the country's financial health has shown positive results, as deposits made by salvadorans showed a 4% growth as of april 26, 2023, or US$18,382 million compared to the same period of 2022.
May 2: Last day to file and pay income taxWritten by Evelyn Alas
The Ministry of Finance reminds taxpayers that the last day to file and pay Income Tax (ISR) for fiscal year 2022 is tomorrow, may 2.
World Bank Group approves strategy to generate more jobs, strengthen human capital and climate resilience in El SalvadorWritten by Evelyn Alas
The World Bank Group (WBG) Board of Executive Directors today endorsed the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) 2023-2027 for El Salvador. This strategy seeks to promote inclusive and sustainable growth by strengthening the country's human capital and resilience to natural phenomena and climate change.
This year there will be no tax amnesty to pay income tax debts to the Ministry of FinanceWritten by Evelyn Alas
Finance minister Alejandro Zelaya, said this morning in a press conference that this year, there will be no tax amnesty. Salvadorans will have to pay with fines and interest on Income Tax (ISR) for not declaring until may 2, 2023.
The Suelos Vivos program has achieved conservation and food security resultsWritten by Evelyn Alas
The Suelos Vivos de las Américas program has achieved concrete results, 28 months after its launch, and is generating a growing awareness of the importance of soil health for food security in the continent and globally.
From january to march 2023 more than 1.8 million tons of cargo were mobilized in portsWritten by Evelyn Alas
According to the recent report of the Comisión Ejecutiva Portuaria Autónoma (CEPA), only between january 1st and the 23rd of this month, the port of Acajutla has mobilized more than 1.8 million metric tons of cargo exported and imported by different productive sectors of the national economy.
Income Tax Revenues to reach US$667 million as of march 2023Written by Evelyn Alas
As of march 2023, income tax revenues will reach US$667.7 million, equivalent to a 6% growth compared to last year, and remains 10% above what was projected to be collected.
MITUR developed a program for the expansion and recovery of tourism in El SalvadorWritten by Evelyn Alas
The economic development of El Salvador is one of the main areas of work of the Central Government, who implements different strategies to achieve this goal and one of them is the commitment to the development and recovery of tourism in El Salvador, which only at Easter reported the income of millions of foreign currency thanks to the tourists who visited the country.

domain: finance


FGL PARTY PEOPLE – Today is a huge day. Florida Georgia Line will be performing their new single #AnythingGoes on CMT Music Awards TONIGHT! At 8pm CST the new video will premiere on @VEVO – who’s ready?
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Website built by: Stephen Craven | Design: Phase


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Based on our adoration of Bob Dylan & The Band.
This is a great CD and each purchase makes a contribution to SickKids Foundation. You can order it from Amazon in Canada (amazon.ca) for a non-import price and they ship overnight for the standard rate. Super artwork by Maud Hudson, and liner notes by Hal Willner, Malcolm Burn and Mark McKenna.
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domain: artistic


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A self-drive trip through the fascinating Northern Wheatbelt. An area that boasts a rich and extensive history, charming and friendly people, and all located in a diverse and truly Australian landscape.
Along the way you’ll take in stunning natural surrounds, sites of historical significance, and the laid-back country atmosphere of the Wheatbelt.
Stay at any of the campsites along the trail if you are up for some family camping or glamping! If not head to any of the well maintained caravan parks located in the towns across the trail or stop the night in one of our friendly Wheatbelt B&B’s, Hotels and Motels.
Download the Wheatbelt Way trail map. To obtain your free trail guide that will allow you to travel the Wheatbelt Way and immerse yourself in this stunning area, go to Trail Guides, or alternatively, contact your local Wheatbelt Way Visitors Centre.
Elachbutting Rock is a spectacular natural rock formation with similar features to Wave Rock. The rock has a number of large cavern areas and is surrounded by natural bushland. Elachbutting has a reputation for being bigger, better and more pristine than any Wheatbelt granite rock formation that you may have seen before. The name Elachbutting is thought to mean ‘that thing standing’ which is quite feasible as Elachbutting is a large granite rock, a prominent landmark standing out from the surrounding countryside. It has a spectacular colourful wave similar to Hyden’s Wave Rock with the added beauty of ‘Monty’s Pass’, a 30m tunnel caused by a rock slide. An echoing cave similar to an amphitheatre is close by.

domain: travel


The Durham Rescue Mission made public an extensive redevelopment of three blocks along Alston Avenue. The redevelopment included a mixed use building with offices, dining, and dormitories as well as additional dormitories, apartments, and houses. Some existing mill house were slated for demolitions. The plan included closing streets between the blocks and fencing around the entire complex. The Golden Belt Mill Housing neighborhood across the street had a mixed reaction to the redevelopment program, particularly the street closures and the fencing. Some were also against the destruction of the historic mill houses on that side of Alston Avenue. DAD held a public input session and subsequently a charrette to see if there was a more acceptable masterplan. The charrette was not a success in that not all parties came to find a consensus solution; however, the publicity from the process will likely affect which parts of the plan will be approved.


Pinnacle Arkose Cyclocross Bike
Product DescriptionUsing the all-new Shimano Sora 18-speed drivetrain and powerful mini-v brakes with this great frame and fork makes the Pinnacle Arkose One 2014 Cyclocross Bike one of our most adaptable bikes at a very non-specialist price. The Arkose rolls fast over tarmac, towpaths, woodland trails and country bridleways. It takes influence from Cyclo-Cross race bikes without compromising its intended use as an efficient high-mileage, all-round, cross-terrain machine. Using a tapered-steerer all-carbon fork and a taper-oval top tube for accurate handling and reduced impact shocks makes this a comfortable ride at speed. The geometry is relaxed enough for high-speed off-road use in wet conditions as well as retaining a neutral feel on tarmac. A chainstay disc mount with maximum heel clearance matches well with narrow Q-factor road chainset and ensures simple fitting of mudguards or racks.
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Summary: This is a Mary-Sue parody, and it is based on a real story;) Hope you enjoy it!
Categories: Book-verse, Movie-verse Characters: Aragorn, Boromir, Frodo, Gimli, Haldir, Legolas
Warnings: AU (alternate universe)
Chapters: 1 Table of Contents
Word count: 714 Read Count: 1472
Stories by Pandora

domain: library


text:
By Ann Saphir
(Reuters) – As the financial crisis deepened in 2008, Janet Yellen argued at least twice for a more aggressive cut to interest rates than most of her colleagues at the Federal Reserve, internal documents unsealed on Friday showed.
For Yellen’s critics, who worry the new Fed chair is a policy “dove” partial to overly easy monetary policy, that revelation will add grist to their mill.
Feb 21 (Reuters) – Federal Reserve policymakers, in an
emotional meeting on one of the darkest days of the 2008
financial crisis, were worried the failure of Lehman Brothers a
day earlier would wreak havoc on a teetering financial system
but feared cutting already low interest rates might prove an
Transcripts of the U.S. central bank’s meeting on Sept. 16
of that year, released on Friday, showed then Fed Chairman Ben
Bernanke flatly telling his colleagues he was philosophically
torn about the collapse of the investment bank.


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Kern County held its first virtual informational meeting to educate the public on the redistricting process and public mapping tools Monday evening.
Kern County is holding a series of redistricting hearings beginning Monday to receive public input from community members on where district lines should be drawn.
Experts doubt the assertion by the Bureau that they’ve counted 99.9% of households, but courts have yet to decide whether the President can “take out” undocumented immigrants.
The U.S. Census Bureau will continue to enumerate people through Oct. 31, the original deadline date in response to the pandemic.
Before the Secretary of Commerce announced the new target Census data of Oct. 5, the NALEO Education Fund worked hard to raise awareness to get people in Kern counted by the former Sept.
With just eight days left till the 2020 Census deadline, Kern’s self-response rate is lower than than it’s 2010 response rate, according to the U.S.

domain: politics


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Welcome to the personal website of Dr. Christopher Mushquash, Canada Research Chair in Indigenous Mental Health and Addiction, Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at Lakehead University, and the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Clinical Psychologist at Dilico Anishinabek Family Care, Director of the Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research at Lakehead University, Associate Vice President Research at the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre and Chief Scientist at the Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute. Here you will find Dr. Mushquash's latest news, and information on his scholarly publications, and course offerings. As well, you will find information about research being undertaken in Dr. Mushquash's laboratory, the people currently involved that make it all happen, and on how you could become involved in his laboratory as a volunteer or trainee. Thank you for visiting.
The use of alcohol and drugs is a significant issue faced by First Nations communities in Canada, which is accentuated by high rates of mortality and morbidity resulting from opioid use. The frequency of opioid-related emergency room visits and the higher prevalence of illicit prescription drug use disorders in First Nations populations suggest challenges. Methadone maintenance therapy programs are consistently found to be the most effective treatment for opioid dependence; however, due to financial, geographic, and cultural factors, Aboriginal individuals are less likely to initiate methadone maintenance therapy. Cree Nations Treatment Haven is the first on-reserve methadone maintenance therapy program in Canada and the present study aimed to evaluate this program from clients’ perspectives. Results indicated that individuals in treatment with higher rated improvement showed greater engagement, life quality, psychological functioning, physical health, relationships with family and friends, and a more positive opinion of services and less motivation for treatment, psychological distress, problems with alcohol, criminality, employment and life difficulties, and overall risk. Individuals with a more positive opinion of services reported higher engagement and lower motivation. Finally, individuals in treatment reported a decrease in drug use, high-risk, and criminal behaviours, and improvements in housing, employment status, and family support, since admission to the program. Future evaluation would be beneficial to solidify the present findings and clarify the importance of culture in treatment effectiveness.
Dr. Christopher Mushquash will soon be the first Lakehead University professor inducted into the Royal Society of Canada’s College of New Scholars, Artists and Scientists.

domain: medical


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NRS 430 Topic 3 Discussion Question Two
Select a nursing theory and provide a concise summary of it. Provide an example in nursing practice where the nursing theory you selected would be effective in managing patient care.
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
The difference between a nursing model is to provide guidance in research and a nursing theory explains the nursing process that is based on research. The Coping/adaptation Theory- Focuses on focuses on various psychological responses to stress that are considered negative, such as emotional distress, anxiety, depression, anger, and fear (Whitney, 2018). An example I can think of is when a patient presents to the ER for psychiatric evaluation due to auditory Hallucinations. The patient appears distressed, anxious, tachycardic and high blood pressure. The nurse provides a supervised, quiet environment for the patient and offers medication to help calm the Anxiety. The patient calms down, vital signs improve and the patient remains cooperative while admission to the psychiatric unit is finalized. The patient is provided with therapy and medication management to improve patients mental health
Whitney, S. (2018). History of professional nursing. In Grand Canyon University (Eds.), Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs430v/dynamics-innursing-art-and-science-of-professional-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2
RESPOND TO BONNIE
I agree that a nursing model provides a protocol for research, but nursing theory elaborates on the nursing process. As a result, the nursing model is more complex than the nursing theory. Depending on the purpose, the nursing model may offer various nursing theories that can be integrated into nursing research. Nursing models cover a wide range of important aspects of the research. Nursing models that are effective are used in successful nursing studies (Leviner, 2020). There are numerous nursing models and theories that can be used together or separately. The coping/adaptation theory examines how patients suffering from psychological issues such as emotional distress, anger, and anxiety respond to psychological disruptions. Adaptation theory allows a physician to prescribe a supervised and quiet environment for an anxious patient’s recovery. The theory also explains when medical intervention may be preferable to other responses. The nursing model could go on to provide a long-term schedule that could eliminate relapses.
Leviner, S. (2020). Patient flow within hospitals: A conceptual model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 33(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318419881981
Click here to ORDER an A++ paper from our Verified MASTERS and DOCTORATE WRITERS: NRS 430 Topic 3 Discussion Question Two
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
Nursing conceptual model and a nursing theory. The nursing conceptual model guides research in nursing. The conceptual model has
hypothetical connections and together defines the co-existence between two concepts. The concepts are then linked together with a hypothesis with either a mathematical or declarations (Whitney, n.d.).
The nursing theory differs from the nursing conceptual model by formulating ideas and putting it together in a concise plan. Nurses use this plan with their skills to expand their knowledge which in return improves the care provided. Florence Nightingale was a pioneer in the nursing theory model. Nightingale believed from environment, water, fresh air, proper nutrition, hygiene and sufficient sunlight the patient will improve a patient’s recovery.
An 18-year-old female was exhibiting an acute episode for sickle cell crises. This young female has pain on a scale of 1 to 10 at an 8. She has reported to not refilling her medication for over 1 month and refuses pain medication. As nightingale believed the patient needs the proper environment, hygiene and proper nutrition. The nurse assessed the patient for non compliance to medication and found that the patient did not have insurance and was homeless. In return the patient did not have the proper nutrition nor sufficient hygiene. She refused the pain medication fearing the cost associated with the medication. The nurse provided the resources for a social worker to assist with housing, insurance and medication management teaching was provided.
Whitney, S. (n.d.). CCC web books by AWS & CDD. https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs430v/dynamics-in-nursing-art-and-science-of-professional-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2
RESPOND TO ROSS
I agree with your assertion that nursing conceptual model guides nursing research. The model has various connections and co-existence of two concepts. A hypothesis is a critical part of a conceptual model. Depending on the nursing research, the hypothesis can be either in calculations or declarations (Upvall & Leffers, 2018). Nursing theory is different since theory formulates ideas that develop a plan. The nursing plan facilitates the execution of nursing research. Florence Nightingale is an example of a successful nurse who used her nursing plan to develop a nursing theory model. Although this pioneer nurse developed her theory in the 1800s, the protocol that was used makes the theory beneficial to date. Nightingale believed that improving a patient’s recovery is a process that is determined by the presence of fresh air, proper nutrition, hygiene, clean water, and sufficient sunlight. Most contemporary healthcare facilities adhere to every element of Nightingale’s environmental theory. The fact that the theory was generated in the 1800s but it is still relevant today shows the importance of the conceptual model in nursing.
Upvall, M. J., & Leffers, J. M. (2018). Revising a conceptual model of partnership and sustainability in global health. Public Health Nursing, 35(3), 228-237. DOI: 10.1111/phn.12396
Re: Topic 3 DQ 2
“Nursing theory is a structure of purposeful and systematic ideas that help to organize disciplinary thinking and influence practice” (Whitney, 2018, para. 28). In other words a Nursing theory provide the foundations of nursing practice. “Theories can be categorized according to their complexity. These categories include practice theories, midrange theories, and grand theories (also referred to as conceptual models). Conceptual models explain a particular way of thinking, or a mental picture of how the theory fits together, according to the theorist. A conceptual model is the organizing structure that defines the theory’ (Whitney, 2018, para. 34). In other words we can say a conceptual model provide guidance for research of a particular topic in nursing.
The Coping and Adaption Theory by Richard Lazarus says that “ The ability to cope requires the body to adapt continually to a changing environments and it centers on how an individual copes with stressful situations” (Whitney, 2018. para. 38).This theory sees stress, anxiety, depression, anger, and fear, as coping mechanisms. Nurses can apply this theory to assess the effects of stress on the patient and themselves. Unfortunately with covid, nothing is certain, we know that this virus mostly affect to adults and people who have severe underlying medical conditions. At the begging of the pandemic we were told by the CDC that symptoms for this disease may be fever or chills, cough, Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing but after days we also had patients reporting GI symptoms like diarrhea or poor appetite, so this pandemic is constantly changing and everyday there is something new, so nurses should alway be ready to adapt to any situation that can come and also undestand that every patient has their on way to adapt to situations.
Whitney, S. (2018). History of professional nursing. In Grand Canyon University (Eds.), Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice. Retrieved from: https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs430v/dynamics-in- nursing-art-and-science-of-professional-practice/v1.1/#/chapter/2
I agree with you that nursing theory is the foundation of nursing practice. Nursing practice is an obligation that is guided by systematic ideas that help in organizing thinking and acting. Therefore, nursing theory ensures that decisions and deeds in nursing research are appropriate to guarantee positive outcomes. Nursing theories are classified in midrange theories, and grand theories based on the uniqueness of these theories when they are used in research (Maki & DeVon, 2018). These nursing models are further divided into various categories depending on the situation of their utilization. The conceptual model is an elaborate concept in nursing research. The model guides the thinking and the selection of the suitable nursing theory for the research. There are various nursing theories but some circumstances render some theories irrelevant. The conceptual model plays a crucial role in the selection of the appropriate nursing model. The role of a conceptual model dictates the model to have a hypothesis that guides the thinking and other actions that are performing in nursing research.
Maki, K. A., & DeVon, H. A. (2018). A nursing theory‐guided framework for genetic and epigenetic research. Nursing Inquiry, 25(3), e12238. DOI: 10.1111/nin.12238

domain: literature


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Eukanuba Ground Entree with Fresh Chicken and Rice Give your dog a happy, healthy and playful attitude with Eukanuba Ground Entree with Fresh Chicken and Rice. This meal can entice your dog with delicious flavors of fresh chicken and rice. The meal offers protein-rich diet to help your puppy grow and develop strong, lean muscles. It's a diet that's rich in DHA and helps in neural development of your dog. This meal is formulated to promote lustrous coat. Eukanuba Ground Entree with Fresh Chicken and Rice Builds muscle tone Good source of vitamins, minerals and amino acids Contains DHA Convenient, flip top for easy feeding Gives healthy, lustrous skin Healthy bones and teeth Clear vision Small, firm stools A Closer Look: This meal is made from a nutritious premium recipe that's prepared from natural ingredients and slow-cooked in broth for a superb taste, texture and aroma. It's rich in DHA which is important for brain development, central nervous system and retinal formation. This meal can also improve puppy's training performance and overall health. Made Specially for: Puppies
For the Sensitive Skinned Pooch Just like your skin can get sensitive in these polluted times, your best friend’s skin too could get aggravated by ingredients that cause itching and scratching. Eukanuba Custom Care Sensitive Skin & Coat is made with ocean fish as the primary protein source which helps protect your pooch’s skin. Eukanuba Custom Care Sensitive Skin & Coat : Calcium to promote strong bones Reduces tartar build-up Promotes coat and skin health Promotes strong and lean musclesWith this dog food formula, you’ll see your dog’s coat and skin shine with health! A Closer Look: Beet pulp, used in the recipe, is clinically proven to promote digestive health. Natural fiber blend is also present to promote nutrient absorption. Made specially for: All breeds of dogs over a year old. Free of: Wheat, corn and chicken
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Retrieve Your Pooch's Health Bring the strength back to your adorable Labrador retriever's wagging tail with Eukanuba Labrador Retriever Formula. It's specifically made to nourish overall health, including healthy weight, and immune system strength of Labrador Retrievers. Eukanuba Labrador Retriever Formula Zinc, copper and omega fatty acids help promote skin health and improve coat luster Helps support healthy joints Helps burn fat Helps promote optimal weightNow you can keep your dog as healthy, vibrant and active as Labradors were bred to be! A Closer Look: This food also contains antioxidants such as vitamin E, to help support the immune system when playing and working outdoors and L-Carnitine, a fat burner, to help maintain a healthy weight and lean body condition. Made specially for: Labrador Retrievers, over one year of age. Free of: Artificial preservatives, artificial flavors, artificial colorants, gluten or fillers
Puppy Steps Don't you want only the best and most nutritious food for the newest member of your dog family? Feed your pup Eukanuba Puppy Small Breed Formula Dry Dog Food and watch him grow healthy. Let your small pup make a big woof for this healthy delight. Available in 4 lb, 16 lb and 40 lb bags. Eukanuba Puppy Small Breed Formula Dry Dog Food High levels of protein and fish oils for energy replenishment Omega-3 fatty acids for healthy skin and coat Chicken is the key ingredient Supports the immune system This nutritious food has beet pulp fiber to help maintain a healthy digestive system. A Closer Look: The wholesome corn, grain sorghum, and rice in the product help maintain healthy blood sugar and energy levels. Made specially for: Small breed puppies 1-12 months old and under 20 pounds. Free of: Fillers and artificial preservatives.
Eukanuba Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef Good flavor and convenience go together with Eukanuba Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef. This is a great canned food that provides dogs with nutrient-rich diet. Dogs will enjoy this beef and the taste of real chicken. Combination of beef and chicken in this meal can satisfy your dog's appetite. Eukanuba Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef Made from real chicken and beef Natural diet with vitamins and minerals Tasty cuts in gravy dogs love Pop-top makes it easy to feed A Closer Look: This meal provides dogs with premium nutrition. It replenishes nutrients and energy that are expended every day. Chicken and beef available in this meal provide proteins that build and maintain lean muscles. Made Specially for: Dogs of all ages
Eukanuba Cuts Hearty Stew with Beef and Vegetables in Gravy Bring out the champion in your pet by serving Eukanuba Cuts Hearty Stew with Beef and Vegetables in Gravy. Dogs will love the flavor and aroma of this meal. It's a great meal that provides your dog with delicious taste and premium nutrition. Eukanuba Cuts Hearty Stew with Beef and Vegetables in Gravy Made from natural ingredients Contains beef and vegetables Enriched with vitamins and minerals Provides premium canned nutrition A Closer Look: This meal contains real beef which is a great source of protein to help build and maintain strong, lean muscles. Vegetables in this meal provide great flavor as well as nutrients. Made Specially for: Dogs of all ages
Eukanuba's Chihuahua Formula includes all the nutritional benefits of our Vital Health System plus customized nutrients to meet the unique needs of your breed. FOS, a natural Prebiotic, is included to support your Chihuahua's strong defenses from within the digestive tract. This food naturally provides Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate, powerful antioxidants such as vitamin E to help support the immune system and L-Carnitine, to help maintain a healthy weight. Feeding Eukanuba Chihuahua will help your dog be as healthy and vibrant as your Chihuahua was bred to be. Optimal Digestion+: FOS to promote digestive health; Healthy Joints: Contains natural sources of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate. Formulated to help support healthy joints; Healthy Weight: Enhanced with L-Carnitine to help burn fat and maintain healthy weight; FOS (fructooligosaccharides): This Prebiotic works in your dog's digestive tract to support his strong defenses; Chicken as the #1 Ingredient: Real chicken as the #1 ingredient provides an excellent source of protein.
Eukanuba Ground Entree with Turkey and Rice Give your dogs irresistibly delicious meals by serving them Eukanuba Ground Entree with Turkey and Rice. It's formulated with delicious turkey to give your pets a homemade meal taste. Turkey is a good appetizer and a source of quality protein that helps your dog build and maintain strong muscles. Rice is a good source of carbohydrate and helps your dog maintain a high energy level. Eukanuba Ground Entree with Turkey and Rice Great-tasting canned diet Provides premium nutrition Replenishes nutrients and energy Enriched with vitamins and minerals A Closer Look: This meal contains turkey and rice to give your dog premium nutrition. It helps dogs to build and maintain strong muscles. Made Specially for: Dogs of all ages
Special Care for Your Special Cat Your adorable cat needs your loving care more than ever when she is a growing kitten, or when she is pregnant or lactating. To ensure that your cat gets the right nutrition at such times, feed her with Eukanuba Chicken Formula Cat Food. It contains optimum levels of chicken protein, scientifically formulated to meet recommendations of veterinarians and nutritionists. Available in 4lb and 8 lb bags. Eukanuba Chicken Formula Cat Food : Great source of protein. Great in taste. Ideal for pregnant and nursing cats. Highly digestible for less litter box waste and odor. This product will have your cat purring with satisfaction, and you -smiling with satisfaction! A Closer Look: Eukanuba Chicken Formula Cat Food contains Prebiotic FOS for healthy digestion Made specially for: Growing kittens from 4 weeks to 1 year of age, pregnant and lactating cats. Free of: Artificial colors and flavors
What's Old, Pussycat For the friend who has seen you through the ups and downs of your life, it's time for you to reciprocate the companionship. Your aging cat's metabolism is starting to change, and with that her nutritional needs change too. Eukanuba Mature Care Formula Senior Cat Food will ensure that she gets all the nutrition needed at this time of her life. Available in 8 lb bags. Eukanuba Mature Care Formula Senior Cat Food: Antioxidants support a strong immune system Unique formulation of fiber Stabilizes the digestive system Right level of nutrients for mature cats Eukanuba Mature Care is the perfect choice to provide an optimal balance of appropriate protein, fat, calories, vitamins, and minerals for cats 7 years and older. A Closer Look: With a minimum of 36% crude protein and a maximum of 2.5% crude fiber, this is the right nutritional choice for your dear old friend. Made specially for: Cats 7 years and older Free of: Harsh Chemicals
Your Best Old Friend For the companion who has stood by your side all through his life, for the one who has always had a wag for you, you'd like to ensure that he grows older healthily. Eukanuba Senior Dog Food formula ensures just that. It packs in a basket of nutritious goodies to protect your faithful friend of many years. Eukanuba Senior Dog Food : Helps maintain healthy joint cartilage Supports healthy function of vital organs Promotes optimal weight L-Carnitine helps burn fatIt helps your dog burn fat naturally instead of storing it and also helps to control weight to minimize joint stress. A Closer Look: Eukanuba Large Breed Senior includes two powerful antioxidants, vitamin E and Beta-Carotene, to help support the strength of your senior dog's immune system. Made specially for: Senior dogs, 7 years and older. Free of: Artificial preservatives, artificial flavors, artificial colorants, gluten or fillers
Puppies need balanced nutrition. Eukanuba recognizes this and designed Eukanuba Puppy Growth to provide high-quality, complete and balanced nutrition specially formulated with proper protein and fat levels for energy and growth. This food is made with more natural fish oil than Eukanuba Adult Maintenance to deliver enhanced levels of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), for optimal brain development and a smart, trainable puppy. FOS, a natural Prebiotic, is included to support your puppy's strong defenses from within the digestive tract. Eukanuba Puppy Growth also contains an optimal ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids to help your puppy have healthy skin and a beautiful coat. Eukanuba provides key ingredients in six performance areas with clinically proven ingredients for puppy growth and puppy learning: Strong Defenses: FOS works in your puppy's digestive tract to support his strong natural defenses. Almost 70% of your puppy's immune system is found in the digestive tract . Skin and Coat: Contains OmegaCoat - Optimal levels of Omega 6 and 3 fatty acids to promote skin and coat health. Lean Muscles: Animal based proteins to promote strong, lean muscles Optimal Digestion: Beet pulp to promote digestive health by maintaining normal gastrointestinal function. Puppy Growth & Development: Calcium clinically proven to promote strong bones. Puppy Learning: DHA is clinically proven to promote smarter, more trainable puppies.
Eukanuba Active Performance 28/18 Active dogs need something extra in the bowl to meet the demands of their more active lifestyle. That's why Eukanuba developed Eukanuba Active Performance 28/18 that provides higher protein and fat to provide more fuel for your athletic dog. Our food is made with highly digestible fats and carbohydrates to provide energy for jogging, agility exercises or fly ball. Active Performance 28/18 is also formulated with natural sources of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate and as a whole promotes healthy joints. Clinically proven ingredients in six key performance areas: Strong Defenses: Clinically Proven FOS promotes strong defenses. Almost 70% of your dog's immune system is found in the digestive tract. Skin and Coat: Contains OmegaCoat - Guaranteed optimal levels of Omega 6 and 3 fatty acids are clinically proven to promote skin and coat health. Lean Muscles: Animal based proteins are clinically proven to promote strong, lean muscles. Optimal Digestion: Beet pulp is clinically proven to promote digestive health. Natural fiber blend to promote nutrient absorption. Strong Bones: Contains calcium - clinically proven to promote strong bones. DentaDefense: DentaDefense is clinically proven to reduce tartar build-up by up to 55% in 28 days.; High Protein and Fat: Higher protein* (28%) and fat (18%) levels provide extra fuel for your athletic dog.*vs. Eukanuba Adult Maintenance
Eukanuba Ground Entree with Beef and Rice Give a delicious treat to your dog with Eukanuba Ground Entree with Beef and Rice. It's a food that gives most essential nutrients to your dog and taste like a homemade meal. It's slow cooked in real broth with added vitamins, minerals and amino acids for a flavor that dogs will love. Eukanuba Ground Entree with Beef and Rice Nutritious premium recipe Made from natural ingredients Superb taste, texture and aroma Has vitamins, minerals and amino acids Convenient, flip top for easy feeding Nourish your pet with this premium recipe and bring out the champion in your dog. It has undergone a holistic process to give your pet a delicious and nutritious meal. A Closer Look: The key ingredient of Eukanuba Ground Entree is beef that dogs will enjoy along with the flavor of rice. It helps dogs to build and maintain strong, lean muscles. Made Specially for: Dogs of all ages
Small But Big If you've heard it said that small breed adult dogs have significantly different nutritional needs than other dogs, then you've heard right. Eukaneba Small Breed Adult Dog Food Formula is customized for your tiny adult pooch's unique nutritional needs. Available in 4 lb and 16 lb bags. Eukanuba Small Breed Adult Maintenance: Higher fat content to meet high energy needs Small nutrient dense kibble is perfect for higher metabolism and smaller stomachs Helps reduce tartar Optimal levels of Omega 6 and 3 fatty acids Eukanuba Small Breed Adult is packed with over 12% more fat for more energy in a small nutrient-dense kibble - ideal for your adorable pooch's higher metabolism and smaller stomach. A Closer Look: Eukanuba Small Breed Adult is formulated with the exclusive Eukanuba Dental Defense system, a special kibble coating that helps reduce tartar buildup. FOS, a natural Prebiotic, is included to support your dog's strong defenses from within the digestive tract. Made specially for: Small breeds over a year old, weighing 20 lbs and under. Free of: Artificial preservatives, artificial flavors, artificial colorants, gluten or fillers
Eukanuba Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef Give a treat to your little pup with Eukanuba Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef. This meal provides a wonderful source of nutrient-rich protein to help your puppy grow and develop strong, lean muscles. Cuts Mixed Grill with Chicken and Beef Made from real chicken and beef Natural diet with vitamins and minerals Pop-to-top makes it easy to feed Cuts in gravy puppies love Palatable and digestible wet food Results in firm stools with less odor A Closer Look: It's a special pet food that has a special balance of energy, protein and calcium calibrated for the proper growth of puppies. This meal is a highly digestible food that reduces the risk of upsetting puppy's digestive system. Made Specially for: Puppies
Large Plans Help your large breed dog stay in shape and prevent him from gaining excess weight that may put a lot of stress on his joints, serve him Eukanuba Large Breed Weight Control Adult Dog Food. It not only maintains the health of joints, but also helps to burn excess fat. Available in 20 lb bags. Eukanuba Large Breed Weight Control Adult Dog Food : FOS promotes a strong immune systemChicken proteins builds and maintains lean muscle mass Omega acids promote skin and coat healthDentaDefense reduces tartar build up by up to 55% in a month The high quality ingredients used ensure optimum levels of nutrition for your dog. A Closer Look: The food also includes FOS, a natural prebiotic, which supports your dog's strong defenses from within the digestive tract. Eukanuba Adult Maintenance Small Bite also contains an optimal ratio of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids to help your medium-breed dog have healthy skin and a beautiful coat. Made specially for: Large breed dogs, weighing 51 lbs and above, and over one year in age. Free of: Artificial preservatives, artificial flavors, artificial colorants, gluten or fillers
Lose It to Get Fit Not just lose weight, but lose the hairballs too? Now that sounds just perfect for your sweet cat, doesn't it? Go for Eukanuba Cat Adult Indoor Weight Control & Hairball Relief Adult Cat Food and watch your cat get happier and healthier. Available in 8 lb and 16 lb bags. Eukanuba Cat Adult Indoor Weight Control & Hairball Relief Adult Cat Food: Low in fat Advanced fiber system provides effective hairball control Made with real chicken Enhances healthy skin The omega acids in the formula help maintain your cat's shiny coat too! A Closer Look: It contains L-Carnitine which is proven to help reduce body fat and helps your cat burn up to 6% extra body fat and maintain lean muscle mass. Made specially for: Cats over 4 lbs in weight Free of: Harsh Chemicals
Time to Toughen Up Help your sweet cat get balanced nutrition that suits the sensitive stomach with Eukanuba Sensitive Stomach Adult Cat Food. Available in 7 lb bags. Eukanuba Sensitive Stomach Adult Cat Food : Vitamins, minerals and amino acids Natural ingredients High quality protein sources Helps maintain a healthy gastrointestinal tract And what's more, the natural fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids enhance your cat's naturally shiny coat and healthy skin. A Closer Look: The first four ingredients in Sensitive Stomach Formula are highly digestible lamb, chicken, and fish protein sources for enhanced nutrient absorption. Made specially for: Adult cats with a sensitive stomach Free of: > Harsh Chemicals
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domain: food


|Publication number||US4694322 A|
|Application number||US 06/650,107|
|Publication date||Sep 15, 1987|
|Filing date||Sep 13, 1984|
|Priority date||Sep 29, 1983|
|Also published as||DE3486256D1, DE3486256T2, EP0138048A2, EP0138048A3, EP0138048B1|
|Publication number||06650107, 650107, US 4694322 A, US 4694322A, US-A-4694322, US4694322 A, US4694322A|
|Inventors||Hiroshi Sakurai, Masami Iwasaki|
|Original Assignee||Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (18), Classifications (31), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates to a press-packed semiconductor device comprising high-power modules, such as transistors and thyristors.
An example of a conventional high-power semiconductor module is a transistor module as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, numeral 1 denotes a first transistor composite comprising a power transistor 11 and a diode 12, and numeral 2 represents a second transistor composite comprising a power transistor 13 and a diode 14. These first and second transistor composites 1, 2 are commonly connected to a metal substrate 17 through insulation substrates 15 and 16, respectively. The first and second transistor composites 1, 2 are housed in a package 18. A collector electrode terminal 19 of the first transistor composite 1, a collector electrode terminal 21 of the second transistor composite 2, which is coupled to an emitter electrode terminal 20 of the first transistor composite 1, and an emitter electrode terminal 22 of the second transitor composite 2 are arranged to extend outside of the package 18 on the top side thereof.
This arrangement provides easy assembling of the transistor module into an electric device and reduces the space necessary for installation, thus lightening the electric device.
The conventional transistor module, however, has the following drawbacks. Connection lines are bonded or soldered to the emitter electrodes and the collector electrodes of the first and second transistor composites 1 and 2. With a transistor module of a large current, e.g., above 100 A, such a connection causes current to concentrate on the bonded or soldered sections. This results in thermal distortion or thermal fatigue, making it difficult to provide a desirable high-power transistor module. Further, if the bonded or soldered sections are damaged by over-current, a sort of explosion may occur, namely, melted silicon may spout out from the package 18. Furthermore, because the metal substrate 17, package 18 and electrode terminals extending outside the package are simultaneously sealed by adhesive resin, a crack may easily occur due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the individual materials, impeding a proper sealing.
The objective of this invention is to provide a reliable press-packed semiconductor device which prevents current concentration on connecting sections between a plurality of circuit elements assembled in the same semiconductor device and between a plurality of semiconductor elements.
This invention provides a press-packed semiconductor device comprising a heat-discharging support member; a common insulating plate provided on the support member; a press-packed semiconductor element, which has a plurality of circuit elements assembled in the same semiconductor substrate and which is provided on the insulating plate; a lid provided on the support member for covering the semiconductor element; a common electrode formed on the support member and electrically coupled to the semiconductor element; and a spring member for evenly pressing the common electrode against the individual circuit elements inside the lid.
This invention also provides a press-packed semiconductor device which comprises a heat-discharging support member; a common insulating plate provided on the support member; a plurality of press-packed semiconductor elements arranged on the insulating plate; a lid provided on the support member for covering the semiconductor elements; a plurality of electrodes electrically coupled to the respective semiconductor elements to form a common electrode; a plurality of spring members for respectively pressing the semiconductor elements against the common electrode; a plurality of internal connection terminals slidably provided at the respective electrodes and bent perpendicular to the pressing surfaces of the electrodes, each internal connection terminal facing the adjacent internal connection terminal; and means for electrically connecting the adjacent, facing internal connection terminals whereby after the electrodes are pressed against the respective semiconductor elements, the internal connection terminals are electrically coupled.
According to this invention, a plurality of circuit elements assembled in the same semiconductor element are coupled to one another through a common electrode pressed against the circuit elements, and a plurality of semiconductor elements is connected to one another by the same manner. Unlike the conventional arrangements employing the bonding or soldering technique, the present arrangement eliminates the possibility of a large current concentrating on a certain area and permits a current to evenly flow through connecting sections, thus preventing any damage due to a large current concentrating on a specific area.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional transistor module;
FIG. 2 is a plan view partially showing the interior of a press-packed transistor module embodying this invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III--III in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an oblique view showing the electrodes used in the module of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an emitter plate.
An embodiment of this invention will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, numeral 31 denotes a heat-discharging substrate which is made of a high thermal conductive metal, such as cast aluminum. On mounting surface 100 of the heat-discharging substrate 31 is provided a ceramic substrate 32 which is electrically insulated and is common to semiconductor elements 35 (to be described later). Two collector electrodes 33a and 33b made of, for example, copper are arranged on the ceramic substrate 32 at predetermined positions, respectively (see FIG. 4). The collector electrode 33a has an external connection terminal 34a bent perpendicular to the pressing surface A of the collector electrode 33a. The collector electrode 33b also has an external connection terminal 34b bent perpendicular to the pressing surface A of the collector electrode 33b. These external connection terminals 34a, 34b extend outside a lid 52 (to be described later) on the top thereof.
A semiconductor element 35 is provided on each of the collector electrodes 33a, 33b. The semiconductor element 35 has two circuit elements, a main transistor and a free wheeling diode, provided on the same semiconductor substrate. Emitter plates 36a and 36b made of, for example, copper, are provided on the respective semiconductor elements 35, 35. In FIG. 3, only the semiconductor element of the left-hand device is shown. Semiconductor element 35 of the right-hand device is mounted between collector electrode 33b and emitter plate 36b in the same manner that semiconductor element 35 of the left-hand device is mounted between collector electrode 33a and emitter plate 36a. These emitter plates 36a, 36b have the configuration as illustrated in FIG. 5 (the emitter plate 36a is exemplified in this figure). Emitter plate 36a is provided with a through hole 102 having a spring support surface 104 that faces semiconductor element 35. A base lead 37, an insulation guide member 38 and a spring 39 are provided in the through hole 102 of the emitter plate 36a. The resilient force of the spring 39 presses the base electrode of the semiconductor element 35 against the base lead 37.
Emitter electrodes 40a and 40b are respectively provided on the emitter plates 36a, 36b. Like the collector electrodes 33a, 33b, the emitter electrode 40a has an external connection terminal 41a, which is bent perpendicular to the pressing surface A (see FIG. 4) and extends outside the lid 52 on the top thereof. The other emitter electrode 40b has an internal connection terminal 42b bent perpendicular to the pressing surface A. The collector electrode 33a has an internal connection terminal 42a, which is shaped similar to the internal connection terminal 42b, and which faces it. These internal connection terminals 42a, 42b have a groove 43 of, for example, a U-shape at the distal end. The collector electrode 33a and the emitter electrode 40b are electrically connected by a bolt 44 and a nut 45 fastened at the grooves 43, 43, thus forming a common electrode for the two semiconductor elements 35, 35.
On the emitter electrode 40a is mounted an insulation member 46a resistant to spring force and a spring mechanism, which comprises a cup spring 47a assembled in the insulation member 46a and a metal fixing plate 48a. Similarly, on the emitter electrode 40b is mounted an insulation member 46b resistant to the force of a spring and a spring mechanism, which comprises a cup spring 47b assembled in the insulation member 46b, and a metal fixing plate 48b. The metal fixing plates 48a, 48b are fixed to the heat-discharging substrate 31 by bolts 49a and 49b, respectively. This arrangement permits the resilient force of the cup springs 47a, 47b to press the individual electrodes, semiconductor elements 35, ceramic substrate 32 and heat-discharging substrate 31 against each other.
Each of the collector electrodes 33a, 33b is coupled to a driving circuit element 50, such as a driving transistor and a speed-up diode, which is provided separately from the corresponding semiconductor. Unlike the semiconductor elements 35 forced to contact the collector electrodes 33a, 33b by means of the spring mechanisms, the driving circuit elements 50 are bonded or soldered to these collector electrodes. Numerals 51a and 51b denote external connection terminals each coupled to a base terminal and an emitter terminal.
The device thus arranged is protected by a gel material to prevent damage to the individual electrodes which may result from poor insulation. The heat-discharging substrate 31 is covered with a lid 52 made of, for example, epoxy resin. The space between the heat-discharging substrate 31 and the lid 52 is filled with an adhesive 53a, which is epoxy-resin-based, for example. After the designated holes in the lid 52 have received the external connection terminals 34a, 34b, 41a, they are sealed with another epoxy-resin-based adhesive 53b. Similarly, any remaining holes in the lid 52, after receiving the external connection terminals 51a, 51b, are sealed with an epoxy-resin-based adhesive 53c. The adhesive 53a has a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of aluminum (Al) which is the material for the heat-discharging substrate 31. In contrast, the adhesives 53b, 53c have a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of copper (Cu) which is the material for the external connection terminals 34a, 34b, 41a, 51a, 51b. The difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the adhesive 53a and the adhesives 53b, 53c thermally increases the sealing effect.
The lid 52 is also provided with a tube 54 for mixing nitrogen in the gel inside the lid 52 to form spaces. These spaces suppress the expansion of the gel due to the increase in temperature.
In the aforementioned press-packed transistor module, first, the spring mechanisms comprising the cup springs 47a, 47b are mounted on the emitter electrodes 40a, 40b, respectively. The bolts 49a and 49b are separately fastened so that the two semiconductor elements 35, 35 can be evenly pressed by the spring mechanisms. Then, the bolts 44 and nut 45 are fastened together at the grooves 43, 43 so as to electrically connect the internal connection terminal 42a of the collector electrode 33a and the internal connection terminal 42b of the emitter electrode 40b, thus forming the common electrode.
When the electrode surfaces of two or more circuit elements are to be evenly pressed by a single common electrode, it is extremely difficult to evenly press the electrode surfaces due to the difference in precision of the sizes of the parts or semiconductor elements. Accordingly, there may arise an imbalence in pressure between the semiconductor elements or electrodes. This results in mechanical distortion, deteriorating the semiconductor elements, or an increase in temperature when heat-discharging partially occurs, also deteriorating the semiconductor elements.
According to the transistor module of the embodiment, two circuit elements, a main transistor and a feedback diode, are assembled in a single semiconductor element 35 and the electrodes of the two elements are evenly pressed, thus applying pressure evenly.
Further, the two semiconductor elements 35, 35 of the transistor module are interconnected through the collector electrode 33a and the emitter electrode 40b. These electrodes respectively have internal connection terminals 42a and 42b arranged so as to face each other. This enables the emitter electrode 40b to slide in a direction perpendicular to the surface A. As a result, after the collector electrode 33a and the emitter electrode 40b are separately pressed, the internal connection terminals 42a, 42b are fastened with the bolt 44 and nut 45 to make those electrodes a common electrode. Therefore, the individual electrodes of the two semiconductor elements 35, 35 can be pressed evenly and coupled together.
The elements of the semiconductor device are classified into two groups: one from which current can be obtained by a spring-pressured connection and the other from which it is difficult to obtain the current by that connection. The application of spring pressure even to the second section reduces area efficiency and is therefore uneconomical. In the aforementioned transistor module, the semiconductor elements 35, 35 such as the main transistors, which are the current-obtainable elements, are subjected to pressure-coupling by the spring mechanisms. On the other hand, the driving circuit elements 50, such as driving transistors and which are difficult to provide current, are soldered to the collector electrodes 33a, 33b at the locations other than the press-coupled portions. This arrangement improves the area efficiency and makes it possible to miniaturize the semiconductor device.
In the above-described embodiment, the collector electrode 33a of one of the semiconductor elements 35, 35 is coupled to the emitter electrode 40b of the other semiconductor element 35 to form a common electrode, providing a series circuit arrangement. However, a parallel circuit arrangement merely requires that the emitter electrodes 40a and 40b should be coupled together to form the common electrode and should have internal connection terminals, respectively.
Also, in the emcoupled together to form the common electrode and should have internal connection terminals, respectively.
Also, in the embodiment, a plurality of circuit elements such as a main transistor and a free wheeling diode is assembled in a single semiconductor element 35, and these elements are pressed by a single spring mechanism. But, this invention is not limited to such a configuration. The circuit elements may be assembled in different semiconductor elements, which are evely pressed by a plurality of spring mechanisms.
The preferred embodiment described above is directed to a transistor module. However, this invention is not limited to such a case; it may, of course, be applied to other modules such as a thyristor module.
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|US4218695 *||Jun 16, 1978||Aug 19, 1980||Siemens Aktiengesellschaft||Semiconductor rectifier housing assembly|
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|EP0035135A2 *||Feb 7, 1981||Sep 9, 1981||SEMIKRON Elektronik GmbH||Semiconductor unit with a minimum of two semiconductor elements|
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|FR2395603A1 *||Title not available|
|JPS5710959A *||Title not available|
|JPS5715452A *||Title not available|
|JPS56130958A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4853762 *||Mar 20, 1987||Aug 1, 1989||International Rectifier Corporation||Semi-conductor modules|
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|US5346859 *||Sep 24, 1993||Sep 13, 1994||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Method for fabricating a full press-pack type semiconductor device|
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|US5539254 *||Mar 9, 1994||Jul 23, 1996||Delco Electronics Corp.||Substrate subassembly for a transistor switch module|
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|US5715142 *||Mar 20, 1996||Feb 3, 1998||Asulab S.A.||Electronic power module|
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|US6127727 *||Apr 6, 1998||Oct 3, 2000||Delco Electronics Corp.||Semiconductor substrate subassembly with alignment and stress relief features|
|US6734543 *||Dec 10, 2002||May 11, 2004||Abb Research Ltd||Module housing and power semiconductor module|
|US8659150 *||Jul 20, 2012||Feb 25, 2014||Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha||Semiconductor module|
|US20130062749 *||Jul 20, 2012||Mar 14, 2013||Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaihsa||Semiconductor module|
|US20150206811 *||Aug 29, 2014||Jul 23, 2015||Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba||Semiconductor device|
|EP0516416A1 *||May 28, 1992||Dec 2, 1992||Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha||Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same|
|U.S. Classification||257/785, 257/E23.083, 257/E23.084, 257/726, 257/E23.078, 257/712, 257/724, 257/E25.016|
|International Classification||H01L25/07, H01L23/48, H01L23/40|
|Cooperative Classification||H01L2924/15787, H01L2924/1301, H01L24/72, H01L25/072, H01L23/40, H01L2924/01013, H01L2924/01006, H01L2924/01023, H01L2924/01014, H01L23/4006, H01L2023/4025, H01L2924/01082, H01L2924/01029, H01L2924/01005, H01L2924/01033, H01L2023/4081|
|European Classification||H01L24/72, H01L25/07N, H01L23/40, H01L23/40B|
|Sep 13, 1984||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOSHIBA, 72 HORIKAWA-CHO, SAIWAI-
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:SAKURAI, HIROSHI;IWASAKI, MASAMI;REEL/FRAME:004311/0759
Effective date: 19840829
|Oct 29, 1990||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 27, 1995||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 8, 1999||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
A project which aims to bring together arts and culture with science, technology, engineering and maths has been awarded £500,000 by Arts Council England.
Called STEAMHouse, it is run by Birmingham City University in partnership with arts initiative Eastside Projects and is one of nine organisations in England to be awarded funding.
The money, from the Arts Council's Creative Local Growth Fund, will help STEAMHouse bring together academics, creative entrepreneurs, politicians and researchers to provide support for 270 creative enterprises.
It will also generate new research opportunities and pilot Birmingham Production Space's workshops and making space.
Peter Knott, area director for Arts Council England, said: "This is brilliant news for Birmingham and Solihull.
"The creative industries are worth £84.1 billion each year to the UK economy and public investment in arts and culture is one of the key factors in driving forward this growth.
"This new investment will put creativity at the heart of local plans to drive future growth and fuel the Midlands Engine.
"We're looking forward to working with our partners in the city to support creativity and innovation to thrive, benefiting local creators, makers and entrepreneurs."
BCU and Eastside Projects say they will establish links with local innovation and arts facilities through STEAMHouse.
The aim is to create a network of organisations across the city focused on cultural, commercial and socially useful production.
Professor Julian Beer, pro vice-chancellor of research, enterprise and business engagement at BCU, added: "This Arts Council grant is incredibly welcome funding to support the development of our STEAMHouse project, which will put Birmingham City University at the centre of Greater Birmingham and Solihull Local Enterprise Partnership's strategic plans to stimulate collaborative innovation.
"STEAMHouse will link the flourishing creative economy across the West Midlands with the needs of local authorities and businesses, providing arts-driven solutions to real-life problems and bringing academic and research expertise out of the shadows into the world of commerce."


text:
How to Build Habit-Forming Products
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