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Ian MacLeod AM FWAM, receives QB Hon &
Trevor Paddenburg, The curious mystery of a 600-year-old Buddha buried in the Gascoyne sand, The West Australian, 9 June 2019
A tiny bronze Buddha statue found in the dunes of a WA beach has raised the question of whether the Chinese visited and settled in Australia 600 years ago — centuries before Captain Cook set foot Down Under.
And while some experts labelled the find a hoax, The Sunday Times can today reveal that a leading metallurgist has tested the statue and says it was buried in the sand where it was found for at least a century and not planted there more recently, making it a legitimate discovery.
That’s the stunning assessment by Dr Ian MacLeod, a fellow of the Western Australian Museum and a corrosion expert who has given evidence on firearm corrosion at a murder trial and identified fake museum artefacts in Hong Kong.
The intriguing tale began late last year when two mates, filmmakers and adventurers said they found the statue, which dates back to the Ming Dynasty in the early 1400s, while scouring an undisclosed remote beach in WA’s Gascoyne region with metal detectors.
Leon Deschamps, a historian and photographer from Shark Bay who has previously worked with film crews for Sir David Attenborough’s Blue Planet series, captured the statue’s discovery and unearthing with his Finn Films co-director and partner, Shayne Thomson.
The men were using metal detectors in an attempt to discover evidence and artefacts from the early 1800s French exploration of Australia as they gathered footage for a documentary on the subject.
They’d mostly found old beer cans, but then stumbled on something far more ancient — a small Buddha, measuring less than 25cm but weighing a hefty 1kg despite its small size, buried about 15cm down.
Experts said the statue appeared to be from the 1400s, which means it was made before the arrival of Captain Cook in Botany Bay and early explorers Willem Janszoon and Dirk Hartog’s arrival in WA.
The pair wondered if it had arrived in Australia during the Ming Dynasty, proving a theory that so-called Chinese “treasure fleets” had landed on the WA coast centuries before Europeans.
Or was it part of a horde of buried treasure belonging to “Black Bill Dampier”, a buccaneer known to have sailed the WA coast? Or had it somehow come to be buried in the dunes more recently?
“We brushed the sand away and had a giggle. We thought it might have been a 1950s art deco candelabra or something,” Mr Deschamps said.
“But in another minute of digging we turned up a baby Buddha. We had no idea what a geopolitical hot potato it would be.”
At the time, Sydney University China expert Xiaohuan Zhao said the baby Buddha appeared to be early Ming Dynasty and could date to the reign of either the Yongle emperor, from 1402-24, or the Xuande emperor, 1425-35, but it most likely came to Australia post-Ming Dynasty.
Notre Dame University archaeology and history lecturer Shane Burke said any claim that a statue was brought from China to Australia in the Ming Dynasty “should set off alarm bells”.
And a former curator at Melbourne’s Chinese Australian History museum, Paul Macgregor, said that even if the discovery was genuine it would not prove the Ming-era treasure fleets theory.
“They could have bought something like that from an antique market or on a website,” he said, while suggesting 19th-century copies of Ming-style statues could also have been brought by Chinese pearlers in the late 1800s or early 1900s.
But now the tale of buried treasure has taken a new twist, after Dr MacLeod, who was executive director at the WA Museum for 38 years and has published 240 papers on corrosion science, examined the statue and said he staked his reputation on its discovery being authentic.
“Was it consistent with an archaeological discovery in the Shark Bay area? The answer is yes. I’ve spent 40 years looking at corrosion and I know bullshit when I see it, and this was not bullshit,” Dr McLeod said, adding the Buddha was gilded with gold and made with impeccable craftsmanship.
“You can tell it’s been buried for a long time from the corrosion patterns and the nature of the corrosion on it. You physically cannot, even if you’re a very clever chemist, falsify that natural combination of micro differences in the surface patina.”
But while the statue is “undoubtedly old”, he estimated it had only been buried for between 100 and 150 years in the dunes, meaning it does not fit with the timeline of the Ming Dynasty treasure fleets, which were said to have been funded by wealthy and elite families and sent out to explore the world for minerals centuries earlier.
Claims the treasure fleet crews reached WA, Queensland, New South Wales and the Northern Territory and built small villages and associated with Aboriginal people are mostly dismissed by historians, but the theory was revived in 2003 when former Chinese president Hu Jintao claimed in an address in the Australian Parliament that expeditionary Ming Dynasty Chinese fleets travelled to Australia in the early 15th century.
“For centuries, the Chinese sailed across vast seas and settled down in what was called ‘the southern land’, or today’s Australia,” Mr Hu said in Canberra.
“They brought Chinese culture here and lived harmoniously with the local people, contributing their proud share to Australia’s economy, society and thriving pluralistic society.”
But Dr MacLeod said, based on his assessment of the Buddha being buried for just 100-150 years, the answer to the mystery was likely to be found in more recent history and he agreed with Mr Macgregor’s theory of Chinese pearlers bringing it to WA.
“I think it’s very likely that the statue had belonged to the ship’s captain of a Chinese junk, down from mainland China doing pearl diving or pearl fishing, and it was somehow dropped,” Dr MacLeod said.
“It hasn’t been there from the time of manufacture. It’s something that was old, that arrived, it got lost, got buried and then it got found.”
Mr Deschamps said the results of Dr McLeod’s testing busted any claims that he and Mr Thomson planted the Buddha, and now the pair will continue their quest to solve the mystery of the buried Buddha in a documentary they have decided to produce.
“We’re filming everything we do as we are now planning on making the discovery into a new show called Aussie Metal Detectives,” Mr Deschamps said.
“Another theory is it may even be part of a high-status Chinese burial, so we are working on having a professional archaeological dig performed at the site soon to see if other non-metallic objects, like a coffin, skeleton or clay burial urn, may lay further below,” he said.
Regardless of whether the statue was pirate treasure, a burial artefact, proof of Chinese occupation centuries before Europeans arrived in Australia, or just an object somehow dropped over the side of a pearling vessel, Mr Deschamps said its real value was in the questions it has created.
“The truth is we may never know the answer to the mystery of how it came to be there. But that’s the cool thing about the Buddha — it makes us start asking questions,” he said.
“The real treasure is not the object itself, it’s trying to find out what the story is.”


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In 2016 AccessArt launched the Children’s Art Competition, supported by Cass Art. Amongst the categories for children we had one for teachers, to acknowledge all the hard work and dedication we know you put in to inspiring and enabling children.
Thank you to all the teachers who entered – you filled us full of enthusiasm and passion!
We’re very pleased to announce the winner: Jan Miller from Moreton Hall School in Oswestry. Congratulations Jan!
Jan impressed us with the sheer energy and range of her work with the children – we’re sure the snapshot of images below will give you a flavour of the work she submitted. We hope Jan will be collaborating with AccessArt very soon to create some resources for us, so watch this space!
Jan Miller – Talented Teacher Award
“I completed my degree in Illustration at Kingston University followed by a PGCE at UCL. I have almost 20 years experience of teaching Art, across the full primary and secondary age spectrum. My interests particularly lie in the students’ development of observational drawing and mixed media. I strongly believe in the use of personal sketchbooks at all levels. I expect the older students to have the same confidence and spontaneity as their younger counterparts. Similarly, I encourage the younger pupils to develop large work, over several sessions, alongside the older students. For several years I have been the Art Editor for SATIPS, a prep school magazine, to inspire Art teachers nationwide. I have recently developed Able, Gifted and Talented sessions for my own students and have extended this to a biannual event to other schools.”

domain: artistic


text:
A transforming into refrain of well-liked voices in Congress and in other places are calling for the growth of our Social safeguard system―people who recognize that Social safeguard won't “go broke” and doesn't upload a penny to the nationwide debt. Social safety Works! will magnify those voices and provide a robust antidote to the three-decade-long, billionaire-funded crusade to make us think that this important establishment is destined to break down. It isn’t.
From the Silent new release to child Boomers, from iteration X to Millennials and new release Z, all of us have a stake in figuring out the true tale approximately Social defense. severe to addressing the looming retirement difficulty that may have an effect on two-thirds of today’s staff, Social safety is a strong application which can aid cease the cave in of the center type, decrease the strain squeezing households from all instructions, and aid finish the upward redistribution of wealth that has led to perilous degrees of inequality.
All american citizens need to have dignified retirement years in addition to an umbrella to guard them and their households within the occasion of incapacity or untimely demise. absolute to be a game-changer, Social safety Works! cogently provides the problems and units forth either an schedule and a political procedure that would gain us all. At stake are our values and the type of nation we need for ourselves and for those who follow.

domain: sociology


text:
Puebla, Mexico — The Central Highlands
The Oriental Bank Building
Fue construido durante la primera década del siglo XX para albergar al “Banco Oriental de México”, llegando a ser la quinta institución en importancia del país gracias a sus operaciones comerciales y a la emisión de sus propios billetes, situación que duraría hasta 1916.
Es obra del arquitecto Alfredo Giles y del ingeniero Carlos Bello y Acedo quienes utlizaron una novedosa estructura de acero, el edificio tiene un estilo arquitectóníco ecléctico.
Posteriormente, funcionó como "Banco de México", "Cámara Textil", "Palacio de Gobierno del Estado" y "Tesorería del Ayuntamiento". Después de ser restaurado en 1906, fue destinado como "Edificio de Protocolos del Gobierno del Estado".
The Oriental Bank Building
It was built during the first decade of the 20th century to house the "Banco Oriental de México", becoming the fifth most important institution in the country thanks to its commercial operations and issuing of its own bills, a situation that would last until 1916.
It is the work of architect Alfredo Giles and of engineer Carlos Bello y
The building later served as "Banco de México", "Cámara Textil", "State Government Palace and "Town Council Treasury". After being restored in 1906, it was designated as "Edificio de Protocolos del Gobierno del Estado" (State Government protocols building).
Erected by Gobierno Municipal de Puebla.
Topics. This historical marker is listed in these topic lists: Architecture • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features. A significant historical year for this entry is 1916.
Location. 19° 2.629′ N, 98° 11.82′ W. Marker is in Puebla. Marker is on Avenida 2 Sur just south of Avenida 2 Oriente, on the left when traveling south. Touch for map. Marker is in this post office area: Puebla 72000, Mexico. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. The Old Portal of the Audience (a few steps from this marker); Portal Hidalgo (a few steps from this marker); Granting the Coat of Arms to the City of Angels (1538) (within shouting distance of this marker); The Municipal Palace (within shouting distance of this marker); The Main Square and Fountain of San Miguel (about 90 meters away, measured in a direct line); Plaza de la Democracia (about 150 meters away); The Oath to Independence in the City of Puebla...First Speech by Francisco Madero in Puebla (about 180 meters away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Puebla.
Credits. This page was last revised on January 22, 2018. It was originally submitted on January 20, 2018, by J. Makali Bruton of Accra, Ghana. This page has been viewed 109 times since then and 2 times this year. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on January 20, 2018, by J. Makali Bruton of Accra, Ghana. 3. submitted on January 22, 2018, by J. Makali Bruton of Accra, Ghana.

domain: geography


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Copyright © 2002 Cell Press All rights reserved.
Structure, Volume 10, Issue 12, 1659-1667, 1 December 2002
Structures of the Cancer-Related Aurora-A, FAK, and EphA2 Protein Kinases from Nanovolume Crystallography
Jacek Nowakowski1, *, , Ciarán N. Cronin1, Duncan E. McRee1, Mark W. Knuth1, Christian G. Nelson1, Nikola P. Pavletich2, Joe Rogers1, Bi-Ching Sang1, Daniel N. Scheibe1, Ronald V. Swanson1 and Devon A. Thompson1Correspondence: Jacek Nowakowski, 858-731-3604 (phone), 858-550-0526 (fax)
- Protein kinases are important drug targets in human cancers, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. This report presents the structures of kinase domains for three cancer-associated protein kinases: ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Aurora-A. The expression profiles of EphA2, FAK, and Aurora-A in carcinomas suggest that inhibitors of these kinases may have inherent potential as therapeutic agents. The structures were determined from crystals grown in nanovolume droplets, which produced high-resolution diffraction data at 1.7, 1.9, and 2.3 Å for FAK, Aurora-A, and EphA2, respectively. The FAK and Aurora-A structures are the first determined within two unique subfamilies of human kinases, and all three structures provide new insights into kinase regulation and the design of selective inhibitors.
Human protein kinases are attractive targets for the development of new therapeutics because of their involvement in processes associated with the progression of cancers and metabolic diseases [1,2]. Because of the size of the kinase family, which is believed to include approximately 500 identified members to date , significantly more structural information pertaining to individual kinases is required in order to guide structure-based inhibitor design efforts. In this report we present three novel structures of cancer related kinases, ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Aurora-A, representing three separate classes of human protein kinases: receptor tyrosine kinase, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, and serine/threonine kinase, respectively.
The Eph family comprises the largest subfamily of RTKs, with 14 identified members. Eph receptors have been most-extensively studied during developmental processes and have been implicated in cell migration, axon guidance, and the formation of embryonic vasculature . The ligands for Eph receptors are a family of eight membrane bound ephrins. EphA2 (previously known as eck)  preferentially binds the GPI-anchored ligand ephrin-A1 (previously known as B61) [6,7]. The overexpression of EphA2 has been observed in a variety of malignant carcinomas, including breast cancer [8,9,10], prostate cancer , and melanoma [12,13]. Recently, a positive correlation has emerged between the level of Eph receptors in tumor tissue and the degree of malignancy [4,13]. EphA2 and its ligand have been detected in the vasculature of human tumor xenografts in nude mice and in the blood vessels and tumor cells of surgically removed cancer specimens, suggesting that they may play a role in malignant progression through tumor neovascularization . In vivo and in vitro evidence suggests that overexpression of EphA2 has the ability to confer tumorigenic potential . Thus, the inhibition of EphA2 activity may provide therapeutic value through the disruption of angiogenesis in tumor proliferation and invasion.
A number of studies have suggested that activation of EphA2 negatively regulates cell-extracellular matrix adhesions and cell growth, by a mechanism that appears to involve suppression of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) [9,14,15], although a recent study reports contrary findings, indicating that ephrin-A-EphA2 signaling promotes FAK- and p130cas-dependent cell adhesion and cytoskeletal assembly . FAK is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in signal transduction pathways thought to be important in tumor invasion and metastasis, including cell adhesion, migration, and anchorage-independent growth [17,18]. FAK is activated through phosphorylation by the integrin family of cell-surface receptors that mediates attachment of cells to the ECM and utilizes the scaffold protein paxillin [19,20]. Evidence is emerging that indicates a signaling partnership between FAK and the Src family of protein kinases that involves the recruitment of docking proteins and proteins containing SH2 domains . It has been demonstrated that FAK is overexpressed in metastatic colon, metastatic breast, and thyroid tumors and that the levels of protein expression correlate with the invasive potential of the tumor . In addition, an abundance of FAK protein has been observed in human melanoma cell lines, where it appears to be required for substrate adhesion . The attenuation of FAK in cancer cell lines results in an inhibition of cell attachment, leading to apoptosis, and suggests a role for FAK in adhesion-mediated tumor growth . FAK is overexpressed in vascular smooth muscle cells during the process of intimal hyperplasia, implicating FAK in migration and proliferation events .
Although many RTKs have been implicated in tumorigenesis, considerably fewer serine/threonine kinases (STKs) have been shown to be involved in oncogenic processes. Aurora-A represents a cell cycle-regulated  STK that has been correlated with oncogenic potential through gain in kinase activity [26,27]. Aurora-A (synonyms include Aurora2, Aik, BTAK, STK15, ARK1, and HsAIRK1; see ) was identified as a novel colon cancer-associated kinase that is overexpressed in more than 50% of primary colorectal cancers . Aurora-A is a member of the Aurora/Ipl1p family that regulates centrosome maturation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis, ensuring genetic integrity of progenic cells . In addition to colon cancer, Aurora-A amplification and overexpression have been detected in breast tumors [30,31], ovarian tumors , and multiple tumor cell lines, including breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, neuroblastoma, and cervical [30,32,33]. Evidence is mounting to suggest that Aurora-A may play a role in oncogenic transformation [26,27,30] and that this may be mediated through centrosome amplification, resulting in chromosomal instability . A cell cycle-dependent feedback of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events between Aurora-A and protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) has been described during the mitotic cell division cycle, for the regulation of Aurora-A kinase activity . Deregulation of the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation balance in signaling pathways is believed to contribute significantly to oncogenic processes.
To gain insight into the structural diversity of the human protein kinase family and to facilitate structure-based inhibitor design, we have determined the crystal structures of EphA2, FAK, and Aurora-A catalytic domains at 2.3, 1.7, and 1.9 Å. The structures were determined by novel nanovolume crystallography techniques, resulting in significant savings of time and sample as compared with the conventional crystallization approaches.
Results and Discussion
A combination of highly parallel protein expression, purification, and crystallization techniques [36,37] was used to obtain crystals of EphA2, Aurora-A, and FAK kinase domains. In this approach, the kinase catalytic domains were expressed in insect cells as a series of molecular constructs designed to alter the crystallization properties of the protein. The modifications included alternative domain boundaries and purification tags. The purified proteins were screened for their propensity to form crystals by nanovolume sitting-droplet crystallization technology (Figure 1). Each crystallization experiment consisted of a 50 nl sitting droplet, equilibrated through vapor diffusion against a 100 μl reservoir. The crystals grown from nanovolume droplets were small in size (<100 μm), but most were sufficient to produce high-resolution diffraction when exposed to a synchrotron radiation source (Figure 1 and Table 1). The nanodroplet crystallization approach reduced the sample requirements and time for structure determination. Typically, 1–3 mg of protein were sufficient to set up over 1200 crystallization conditions. The small drop volume accelerated crystal growth, such that crystals typically reached maximal size within 48 hr.
|Unit cell dimensions||a = 45.135, b = 46.56, c = 62.07, β = 80.77||a = b = 80.45, c = 172.18||a = b = 72.12, c = 241.62|
|X-ray source||ALS Bl 5.0.3||ALS Bl 5.0.3||ALS Bl 5.0.3|
|Completeness||91.1% (65%)a||98% (93%)||95% (78%)|
|I/σ(I)||16.0 (2.8)||14.5 (1.6)||11.5 (2.0)|
|Rsymb||0.071 (0.255)||0.086 (0.578)||0.057 (0.485)|
|Rfree (5% of reflections)||23.0%||27.2%||28.9%|
|a Values in parentheses refer to the highest-resolution shell.|
b Rsym = ΣhklΣi|I(hkl)i − <I(hkl)> |/ΣhklΣi<I(hkl)i> over I observations of a reflection, hkl.
c R factor = Σ |Fobs − Fcalc|/ΣFobs.
Overall Structures of the Kinase Domains
The overall folds of the three kinases are similar and exhibit a bilobal architecture that is typical of protein kinase catalytic domains Figure 2 and Figure 3. The smaller N-terminal lobes contain a five-stranded antiparallel β sheet and a single α helix (αC), except Aurora-A, which has an additional helix preceding αC. The larger C-terminal lobes are mostly α helical and contain the activation loop involved in polypeptide substrate binding. The nucleotide ligands that were cocrystallized with the kinase domains (ATP with FAK, AMP-PNP with EphA2, and ATPγS with Aurora-A) bind in a cleft between the two lobes. The three kinase structures show considerable variability in the relative orientation of the N and C lobes, in the position and orientation of the αC, and in the conformation of the activation loop. This conformational variability has been observed with other kinase structures, and it has been correlated with the regulation of the kinase, typically as a result of phosphorylation and/or regulatory protein binding [38,39].
Structure of Aurora-A
Of the three kinases, only Aurora-A adopts the active conformation, first seen in the structure of the phosphorylated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) . The two lobes clamp together, bringing residues of the catalytic cleft into alignment Figure 2 and Figure 3. The αC helix is positioned such that the conserved residue E181 makes a salt bridge with K162, in close proximity to the β-phosphate of the bound ADP ligand (Figure 5A). The activation loop (A loop; residues 274–297) is well ordered, with the exception of residues 286 and 287. The conformation of the A loop allows access to the substrate binding site and is similar to that of the phosphorylated A loop of PKA  and cdk2 . The observation of an active Aurora-A conformation was unanticipated, since most kinases require phosphorylation of their activation loop in order to adopt the active conformation . It has been shown that Aurora-A can be phosphorylated in vitro by PKA at residue T288, resulting in significantly increased activity . Although unphosphorylated Aurora-A protein was used in crystallization, there is a free phosphate ion bound near T288 (the distance between the phosphorus atom and Oγ of T288 is 3.7 Å). The phosphate is bound in a pocket created by the side chains of R180, H176, and R255. These side chains are in positions analogous to those in phosphorylated, activated kinases, suggesting that the phosphate-bound AIK structure mimics a catalytically active conformation.
GSK3β, Chk1, and casein kinase 1 (CK1) have also been reported to crystallize in the active conformation with their activation loop bound to phosphate or sulfate ions [43,44,45]. In the case of GSK3β, the phosphate ion has been suggested to mimic a phosphothreonine residue of the polypeptide substrate, as one of the two classes of GSK3β substrates have to be primed by previous phosphorylation at the P+4 position by other kinase(s) . The best-established substrates of the Aurora kinase family, histone H3 and the centromeric protein CENP-A [46,47], do not seem to have a pattern of closely spaced phosphorylation sites, and it is not clear whether Aurora-A has another class of substrates that have to be primed. Alternatively, the phosphate ion in the Aurora-A structure may simply mimic the native phosphorylation site.
Structure of Focal Adhesion Kinase
FAK displays an open conformation similar to the structures of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1)  and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vEGF) . The αC helix is rotated away from the C-terminal lobe, and the activation loop is disordered, consistent with a lack of phosphorylation Figure 2 and Figure 3 and Figure 4. Despite the open conformation of the lobes, the salt bridge between K454 and E471, characteristic of active kinase structures, is formed in the structure (Figure 5B). A striking feature of the FAK kinase is the presence of an intramolecular disulphide bond in the N-terminal lobe of the kinase Figure 2 and Figure 4. The disulphide spans a short turn of four residues between C456 and C459. This turn closely resembles a type-I β turn, with residues n and n + 3 covalently linked through the disulphide bond. This unusual feature is located on the surface of the N-terminal lobe adjacent to the αC helix (Figure 2B). Cysteines 456 and 459 are conserved in vertebrate FAK sequences, suggesting a possible role in kinase function (Figure 4B). The proximity of the disulphide to the αC helix suggests also that its role may lie in fine-tuning the orientation of this helix. Disulfide bonds are extremely rare in cytoplasmic proteins because of the reducing nature of the intracellular environment. It is unknown whether the C456-C459 bond formed in the FAK crystal structure is maintained in vivo, especially since this feature is located close to the protein surface. The corresponding structural region in other kinases has been implicated in the regulation of kinase activity through protein-protein interactions , and it is conceivable that the disulphide bond might be protected upon binding of regulatory proteins.
Structure of Ephrin Receptor A2
The conformation of the EphA2 kinase is similar to the unphosphorylated, auto-inhibited structure of the murine EphB2 kinase domain (the rms deviation between 267 Cα atoms of the two structures is 1.2 Å) . The lobes of EphA2 are in the open conformation, and the activation loop is disordered (Figure 2C). The salt bridge between the conserved K646 and E663 residues is not maintained in the structure (Figure 5C), suggesting that the crystallized protein mimics the inactive form of the EphA2 kinase. The previously solved structure of the EphB2 kinase domain suggested a novel mode of autoinhibition resulting from the juxtamembrane region interacting with the αC helix and kinking it . Surprisingly, despite the absence of the juxtamembrane region and any crystal packing interactions, the structure of the human EphA2 displays a similar bent conformation of the αC helix (11° and 14° for EphA2 and EphB2, respectively). This suggests that the αC helix in Eph kinase domains may have evolved an inherent structural flexibility that facilitates autoinhibition.
Comparison of ATP Binding Sites
The ATP binding sites of protein kinases are the most common targets for the design of small-molecule inhibitors. Historically the development of selective kinase inhibitors had been difficult because of the inherent similarities between kinase domains. However, the exploitation of small structural differences between the ATP binding sites of even closely homologous kinases has been used successfully to confer specificity of inhibition [51,52]. In Aurora-A, the bound ADP interacts with the protein both directly and through water-mediated contacts (Figure 5A). The adenine base inserts into a hydrophobic pocket formed by the side chains of L210, Y212, A213, L139, V147, and L263. The N1 nitrogen and the amino group of the adenine ring hydrogen bond to the main chain of A213 and E211, respectively. These two hydrogen bonds are conserved in all kinase structures. The active sites of Aurora-A and FAK display a network of ordered water molecules, which participate in the hydrogen bonding within the binding site (Figure 5). The structure of Aurora-A contains two Mg2+ ions, which are coordinated directly to the phosphates and to the conserved aspartate D274. The overall position of the bound ATP is similar in all three structures.
The key structural differences in the three ATP sites are clustered around the ribose ring and the N7 atom of the adenine base (Figure 5). The area adjacent to N7 has been utilized in the past to confer specificity to some of the most selective kinase inhibitors, including STK-571 (Gleevec) . This region forms a hydrophobic pocket bordered by the residues M499 in FAK, L210 in Aurora-A, and T692 in EphA2. The size and shape of the pocket varies amongst the three structures. In particular, T692 in EphA2 forms a hydrogen bond to the amino group of ATP. This interaction is not commonly seen in other kinases and could provide selectivity against the ephrin receptor kinases (Figure 5C). A second region of significant structural difference is located at the ribose binding site. In FAK, the side chain of E506 forms a bifurcated hydrogen bond to the 2′ and 3′ hydroxyl groups of the ribose. The corresponding side chains of T217 in Aurora-A and A699 in EphA2 are smaller and do not directly contact the sugar (Figure 5).
Ultimately, the goal of selective inhibition of protein kinases that are involved in tumor progression and metastases is to provide new therapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancers. The first FDA-approved selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gleevec, has been shown to substantially reduce the level of cancerous cells in the bone marrow and blood of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), through inhibition of BCR-ABL . Subtle differences between protein kinases, as elucidated through structural determination, will undoubtedly be pivotal in the development of selective kinase inhibitors. The nanovolume crystallography approach should facilitate a rapid generation of structural data for protein kinases and other protein superfamilies and become a powerful tool in structure-based drug discovery.
FAK, EphA2, and Aurora-A represent three different classes of human protein kinases: nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, receptor tyrosine kinase, and serine/threonine kinase, respectively. The crystal structures of these enzymes provide insights into the structural diversity of protein kinases and shed light on possible modes of their regulation. The Aurora-A structure is in the “closed,” active conformation, despite the absence of activating phosphorylation at T288. Instead, a bound phosphate ion organizes the activation loop. The similarity of this structure to the phosphate-bound GSK3β kinase structure  suggests that Aurora-A might apply a similar mode of “primed substrate” recognition with respect to its substrates. The FAK structure reveals an unusual short-range disulphide bond between the conserved residues C456 and C459. The proximity of the disulphide to the αC helix suggests that it may have a role in fine-tuning the orientation of this helix, although it is unknown whether the disulphide is actually formed in the highly reducing cellular environment. The structure of EphA2 reveals a significant kink of the αC helix, previously seen in the structure of murine EphB2 . In the EphB2 structure, the distortion of the αC helix was caused by the intramolecular binding of the juxtamembrane region, implying a novel mode of autoinhibition. Surprisingly, the kink in EphA2 αC is present despite the absence of the juxtamembrane region, suggesting that the αC helix in Eph kinases may have evolved an inherent structural flexibility that facilitates autoinhibition.
Expression and Purification
The portions of the genes encoding the catalytic domains of human Aurora-A (residues 125–391; GenBank accession number NP_003591), human EphA2 (residues 596–900; GenBank accession number NP_004422), and human FAK (residues 411–686, GenBank accession number Q05397) were isolated from cDNA libraries (testis, lung/spleen/HeLa, and HeLa, respectively) by PCR and cloned into the BamH I site of pFastbacHTb (Gibco-BRL). Expression in this vector generated fusion of the kinase domain with a cleavable (rTev) N-terminal His6 tag. Recombinant baculoviruses incorporating the kinase cDNA constructs were generated by transposition with the Bac-to-Bac system (Invitrogen). High-titre viral stocks were generated by infection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells, and the expression of recombinant protein was carried out by infection of Trichoplusia ni Hi5 cells (Invitrogen). Recombinant proteins were isolated from cellular extracts by passage over ProBond (Invitrogen) resin. Polyhistidine tags were removed by treatment with rTEV protease (Invitrogen) (the tag on EphA2 was not removed), and the uncleaved residual material was removed by a second passage through ProBond. The proteins were not phosphorylated during the expression and isolation procedures, as determined by mass spectrometry. The proteins were concentrated to final concentrations of 9.4 mg/ml for Aurora-A, 6.1 mg/ml for FAK, and 10.7 mg/ml for EphA2. All samples were stored at 4°C in a buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6), 250 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA, and 1 mM DTT. Kinase activity was not tested before crystallization for any of the three proteins.
Crystallization and Data Collection
FAK, Aurora-A, and EphaA2 samples were incubated with 2 mM ATP, ATPγS, or AMP-PNP, respectively, and 4 mM MgCl2 before crystallization trials were set. Crystals were grown in sitting droplets by the vapor diffusion method. A 50 nl droplet of protein was mixed with an equal volume of reservoir solution and incubated over a period of one week. The reservoir conditions were as follows: 0.1 M Bicine (pH 9.0), 20% PEG MME 550, and 0.1M NaCl for Aurora-A; 0.1 M citrate/acetate (pH 5) and 24% PEG MME 2K for FAK; 0.1M HEPES (pH 7.5), 10% PEG 10K, and 8% ethylene glycol for EphA2. The reservoir volume was 100 μl. Crystals typically appeared after 8–24 hr and grew to their final size within 48 hr (Figures 1A–1C). For data collection at low temperature, the crystals were captured in a 0.05 mm nylon loop (Hampton Research) and transferred briefly into a cryoprotecting solution containing the reservoir solution supplemented with 20% v/v ethylene glycol. The crystals were flash-frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored under liquid nitrogen. Diffraction data were collected at 100 K on the Advanced Light Source beamline 5.0.3 with an ADSC CCD detector. Reflection data were integrated with MOSFLM and scaled with SCALA . The data collection statistics are given in Table 1.
Structure Determination and Refinement
All crystallographic calculations were performed with the CCP4 program package . The initial phases for each structure were obtained by the molecular replacement method with the program AMORE. The coordinates of murine EphB2 kinase domain (Protein Data Bank code 1JPA) were used as a search model for the solutions of the EphA2 (72% identity) and FAK (40% identity) structures. The coordinates of yeast cAPK (Protein Data Bank code 1FOT) were used to solve the Aurora-A structure (38% identity). For each structure, the highest solution from the translational function was subjected to a rigid-body rotation and then to refinement against the maximum-likelihood method, as implemented in REFMAC. Multiple rounds of manual building with Xfit  combined with ARP/wARP map improvement  led to the final models. The refined crystal structure of the unphosphorylated Aurora-A kinase domain contains residues 126–388 and a bound ATPγS ligand. The crystal structure of the unphosphorylated, ATP-bound FAK kinase domain includes residues 413–686. The majority of the structure is well defined, with the exception of the disordered activation loop (residues 565–583) and a short loop connecting β2 and β3 (residues 445–446) in the N-terminal domain. The γ-phosphates of the ATPγS and ATP ligands in Aurora-A and FAK, respectively, are not visible in the electron densities and were excluded from the final models. The EphA2 structure contains the kinase domain (residues 602–900) and the AMP-PNP ligand. Most of the structure is well defined, with the exception of residues 596–603 and 734–738 (the loop connecting β2 and β3) and the activation loop residues 760–883.
We thank Stella Kim for bacmid generation, Angela Kondrat for DNA sequencing analyses, Robert Wynands, Susan Camper, and Bernard Collins for support in protein purification, Kheng Lim for mass spectrogram analysis, Darbi Witmer for protein biophysical analyses, Erin Heien for crystallization support, Sheng Ye and Yanming Zhang for help in structure solution and refinement, and Bettina Roth for bioinformatics support.
Coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank with accession codes 1MP8, 1MQB, and 1MQ4 for the FAK, EphA2, and Aurora-A structures, respectively.
25 (1998). cDNA cloning, expression, subcellular localization, and chromosomal assignment of mammalian aurora homologues, aurora-related kinase (ARK) 1 and 2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 244, 285–292. CrossRef | PubMed
46 (2000). Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 is governed by Ipl1/aurora kinase and Glc7/PP1 phosphatase in budding yeast and nematodes. Cell 102, 279–291. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (479 kb) | CrossRef | PubMed
49 (1999). Crystal structure of the kinase domain of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (a key enzyme in angiogenesis). Structure 7, 319–330. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (189 kb) | CrossRef | PubMed
50 (2001). Structural basis for autoinhibition of the Ephb2 receptor tyrosine kinase by the unphosphorylated juxtamembrane region. Cell 106, 745–757. Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1663 kb) | CrossRef | PubMed
Received: August 14, 2002
Revised: September 19, 2002
Accepted: September 20, 2002

domain: chemistry


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Today, teenagers live differently than we did back in our time. We weren’t aware of almost every little thing that was happening all around the world – our children do. They are constantly bombarded with information. They know how other people are spending their time, what’s trendy at the moment, and can connect with a person who lives miles away. And even though this is not all bad after all, the overflow of data can be detrimental for teenagers. The mayhem that the internet creates in young minds is why we have so many troubled teens in society today. Since technology is inescapable in today’s world, how do you deal with a troubled teenager? What if we could use technology itself as a tool for helping them? Let’s talk about it.
Troubled Teenagers: Signs and Behaviors
A troubled teen is a teenager who is experiencing distress. The reason behind this distress can be many things, from having problems at school or being raised in a chaotic environment at home. Troubled teenagers usually show these signs in their behavior:
- Aggressive behavior and mood swings
- Skipping school and low academic performance
- Substance abuse
As you can see, dealing with troubled teens isn’t easy. These teens are hard to be around, and for the people who care about them, it’s heartbreaking to see them in such distress. Teenagers who manifest these symptoms don’t just behave this way because they are bad people; there is always an underlying reason for their behavior. For example, studies show that teenagers who engage in substance abuse are probably also suffering from mental health problems. So, if you want to provide support for troubled youth, first you should investigate the causes for their behavior, which may not be possible without professional help.
The Positive Role of Technology
As we’ve said earlier, technology can be a good help for troubled teens. In this section, we want to talk about how to deal with troubled teens using technology without letting them get harmed by its dangers.
Using Parental Control Apps
Let’s put our strongest case forward first: Technology use can cause behavioral problems in children. And the best way that we can stop it is to make technology safe for them so that they can still use it and be safe. What we shouldn’t do is to deprive them of it all and let them grow up in a fake safety bubble.
A parental control app is a great help for parents of troubled teens. A good parental control app lets you use cutting-edge technology to fight every danger that might threaten your teenager online. Take Safes for example. This app lets you monitor your child’s conversations, see their activity on social media and the web, and control their screen time. It even goes beyond being a simple monitoring application; you can block inappropriate websites and set internet usage rules based on location and time. Another good thing about Safes is that it can be installed on all devices, such as Android, iOS, and Windows.
Facilitating Access and Communication
How do you help a troubled teenager by using technology? Teenagers who show behavioral problems usually feel lonely and misunderstood (of course, this is a feeling that even a normal teenager may have). Feeling like they’re supported, loved, and surrounded by interesting people can help with their distress. This is something that the internet can provide for them easily. There are many people who advocate a positive mindset whom your child can choose as role model. Plus, feeling included and appreciated can turn disruptive behaviors into more constructive ones. However, beware of ill-intentioned individuals who are lurking on the internet waiting for a chance to attack vulnerable people.
The other advantage of technology is providing access to a plethora of resources that can help us address our troubled teens’ behavior. You can get your hands on countless blogs, scientific articles, books, and experts’ opinions about what to do with troubled youth. Many of these resources have been created specifically for teenagers’ use. So, don’t hesitate to take the opportunity of educating yourself and your child now that it’s become easier than ever!
Balancing Screen Time and Real-Life Activities
“What can I do with my troubled teenager?” If you’re asking yourself this question, you should take a look at their habits and how they spend their time daily. Do they spend most of their day hunched behind a desk playing violent video games? Do they sleep late every night browsing their social media? If yes, there might be a problem. Screen addiction is a common issue among youth today, which can affect their physical and mental health. To stop it, parents should draw a line between the time children can spend on their devices and when they have to engage in real-life activities.
This is easier said than done. Because, let’s be honest, their favorite video game or the content they see on social media are captivating, and it can be so hard for them to get up and do the things that are not half as fun. But engaging in face-to-face interactions and doing things in the real world can promote essential skills in them that will be useful in their future lives. So, what to do with a troubled teenager who doesn’t want to put their phone away? Just talk to them openly and honestly. Children tend to be understanding when they’re treated like human beings and not prisoners. And if you’re dealing with an extremely hard case, you can always use a parental control app to help smooth the process.
Privacy and Respect
We know that some of the things that we said before might have caused confusion. Don’t take your child’s freedom but monitor their activities; communicate with them but also set rules; how is any of this possible? Parenting is complicated, and it demands that you consider different aspects and not stick to a single route. You have to make sure that your child is safe – that’s nonnegotiable. But also, the relationship that you have with your child is one of the most important things that you need to preserve. So, you need to be the person your child can trust, but you also need to keep your authority for their own good.
Earlier, we tried to explain what to do with troubled teenagers and how technology can be a helpful tool in the journey toward health. The truth is that technology can be both a trigger and a tool for stopping troubled behaviors in teenagers. How you look at it and how you use it is going to define its true nature. Your role as a parent can’t be overstated; so, don’t give up trying!


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I came to be in Norway. Left after high school graduation to emigrate to be able to Montreal, Europe. I just got in from a vacation with my own new People from france Canadian spouse, she’s by no means been right now there before. We visited from Vancouver to be able to London and to Oslo about British Air passage. Great airline flight, great program. And the particular booze has been free. Greater than I can easily say regarding Norway… A pint regarding everyday lager/pilsner is approximately 69 NOK = $12 CAN EASILY. Here inside Vancouver it really is $5-6. Yet that’s alright.
Before we all left we do not complain concerning prices, and just enjoy. Total, everything is doubly expensive since Canada. A significant hotel is approximately 1, 3 hundred NOK = $223 CAN EASILY. But a fantastic breakfast is included. So that is not so negative. Some hotels have even nightly buffets, and obtaining those and also eating a couple of meals inside the hotel : takes the particular bite away from. At the particular Clarion Folketeateret inside Oslo we all did in which, and the space suddenly became reasonable. And the foodstuff was fantastic!
Gas can be twice since expensive, we all rented any Peugeot diesel powered car and also got 45 MPG. Set 2, 600 KMS around the thing in a couple weeks. Cruised the particular fjords and also mountains. I enjoy showing away from my place’s scenery to a appreciative spouse.
She stated the Canadian scenery is fantastic, but the particular Norwegian opinions are extraordinary. We got local ferries, that i used to adopt often once i grew upwards. We also had the best tunnel on earth – twenty four KMS extended.
Bergen could be the most beautiful city inside Norway, even the afternoon we are there it added. We had planned for this kind of and delivered our west-coast bad weather gear. We also took place the Trollstigen, which can be spectacular. From right now there we went around Sunndalsøra where We have family. We got daytrips each day, especially to be able to Kristiansund : my city.
Kristiansund can be a coastal town who have progressed from your fishing town to a oil program support foundation. Remembering possessing great bass and poker chips we went along to the ‘old “fishan” presentation area down from the harbour. It was as effective as I valued, even with $15 to your basic meal it absolutely was great.
Driving inside Norway will get interesting. Especially around the secondary streets, where almost always there is no splitting lines and also curvy. I was mentioned on people roads plus it came right back to myself. A handful of scary activities with huge trucks, yet we lasted. Trick is always to keep to the left and never to worry a lot of about getting close to traffic. They are going to do the identical.
Last moment I went along to Norway was at mid-may. The particular mountain moves were challenging, some snow as well as the Trollstigen has been closed. Now, beginning regarding October – the united states was totally magnificent. Fall shades and generally sunny and also great. Slightly cold inside the evening Computer Engineering Articles, but as i said : we have been prepared.
Many Norwegians communicate good Language. More as compared to I considered actually. Even family!


The simple and accurate HABA dye assay and fluorescent detection kits are used to measure the amount of biotin attached to proteins or other biomolecules following biotinylation. Now you can determine the molar ratio of biotin to labeled antibody molecule in an easy, efficient manner.
Choose the biotin quantitation kits or reagents for your experiment
|Kit categories||Product||Product names||Product features||Detection method|
|Fluorescence Biotin Quantitation Kit||46610||Fluorescence Biotin Quantitation Kit||Fluorescent assay reagent and HABA dye for rapid and sensitive determination of biotinylation levels in labeled antibodies and other proteins with minimal sample quantities||Fluorescent|
|Pierce Biotin Quantitation Kit||28005||Pierce Biotin Quantitation Kit||A simple, colorimetric method for determining biotinylation efficiency||Colorimetric|
|HABA Reagent||28010||HABA||HABA dye reagent and biotinylated protein standard for convenient colorimetric determination of biotinylation levels in antibodies and other proteins||Colorimetric|
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.


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Randy Parton, Singer And Brother To Dolly Parton, Dead At 67
Dolly Parton’s brother, Randy Parton, has died at the age of 67, following his battle with cancer. In a statement…
Randy And Dolly Parton; Photo Courtesy of YouTube
Dolly Parton’s brother, Randy Parton, has died at the age of 67, following his battle with cancer.
In a statement released just before 10 a.m. EST on Thursday (Jan. 21) via Dolly Parton’s Facebook, she told fans “my brother Randy has lost his battle with cancer.”
“The family and I are grieving his loss but we know he is in a better place than we are at this time,” the superstar continued. “We are a family of faith and we believe that he is safe with God and that he is joined by members of the family that have gone on before and have welcomed him with joy and open arms.”
The late musician and brother of Dolly recently appeared on her Christmas album, A Holly Dolly Christmas, for a brand new duet entitled “You Are My Christmas,” which Parton shared “was his last musical recording and he shined on it just like he’s shining in heaven now.”
Dolly added, “Randy was a great singer, writer, and entertainer. He sang, played guitar and bass in my band for many years. He headed his own show at Dollywood since it opened in 1986. He’s had several chart records of his own, but his duet with me on “Old Flames Can’t Hold A Candle To You” will always be a highlight in my own career.”
“We will always love him and he will always be in our hearts,” Dolly’s statement concluded.
Randy is the eighth of twelve children in the Parton family and is Dolly’s third sibling that has passed following her brother Floyd, who died in December 2018 and Larry, who died shortly after birth in 1955.
He is survived by his wife Deb, his daughter Heidi, son Sabyn and grandsons Huston and Trent.
Randy played guitar and bass in Dolly’s band for many years and has had his own show at Dollywood since in 1986.
Andrew Wendowski is the Founder and CEO of Music Mayhem. As a self-taught entrepreneur, he oversees content as the Editor-In-Chief for the independent brand. Wendowski, who splits time between Philadelphia, Penn., and Nashville, Tenn., has an extensive background in multimedia. Before launching Music Mayhem in 2014, he worked as a highly sought-after photojournalist and tour photographer, collaborating with such labels as Interscope Records and Republic Records. He has captured photos of some of the biggest names, including Taylor Swift, Metallica, Harry Styles, P!NK, Morgan Wallen, Carrie Underwood, The Rolling Stones, Madonna, Shania Twain, and hundreds more. Wendowski’s photos and freelance work have appeared nationwide and can be seen everywhere from ad campaigns to various publications, including Billboard and Rolling Stone. When Wendowski isn’t running Music Mayhem, he enjoys spending time at concerts, traveling, and capturing photos.


If a failure occurs, LED lights on the control board light up in a blinking pattern to indicate a specific failure code. The codes are listed in a chart in the owner's manual and usually on a door or access panel on the furnace. Control boards are usually located inside the blower compartment of the furnace. If the board has blinking lights, refer to the chart to decipher the code and help identify the problem area with the furnace.
Circulating refrigerant vapor enters the compressor, where its pressure and temperature are increased. The hot, compressed refrigerant vapor is now at a temperature and pressure at which it can be condensed and is routed through a condenser. Here it is cooled by air flowing across the condenser coils and condensed into a liquid. Thus, the circulating refrigerant removes heat from the system and the heat is carried away by the air. The removal of this heat can be greatly augmented by pouring water over the condenser coils, making it much cooler when it hits the expansion valve.
Poorly maintained water cooling towers can promote the growth and spread of microorganisms, such as Legionella pneumophila, the infectious agent responsible for Legionnaires' disease, or thermophilic actinomycetes. As long as the cooling tower is kept clean (usually by means of a chlorine treatment), these health hazards can be avoided or reduced. Excessive air conditioning can have a negative effect on skin, causing it to dry out, and can also cause dehydration.
In order to make your everyday life easier and more enjoyable, Sky Heating & Air Conditioning specializes in state-of-the-art heating and cooling technology, partnering with Trane, Mitsubishi, and Waterfurnace. We bring you HVAC solutions that represent the best the industry has to offer, ensuring long-term performance and satisfaction. Whether you’re looking for the design/build of a new system, replacement, or hoping to cut costs and enhance convenience, we answer with proven products. Our qualified HVAC technicians help you determine the ideal solution for your exact requirements, and make sure you’re happy with every step of the process. From ductless HVAC to geothermal heating and cooling systems, we offer a wide selection of options and comprehensive services to answer any type of challenge. Call on Sky Heating & Air Conditioning and let us exceed your expectations today!
When it comes to furnace repair, Roswell and area residents can rely on us for fast and efficient repairs. Moncrief has continued to be a consistent provider of heating and cooling services in the Roswell and Marietta. We have worked hard to gain your respect by providing quality services and products, and delivering on our promise of total comfort for your home and family while providing energy and cost savings.
Headquartered in Portsmouth, Virginia, Air Conditioning Specialists was established in 1997 and is a fully licensed, insured and experienced heating and cooling company. We strive to provide our customers with the quickest, most efficient HVAC service and installation. Our workmanship, along with the highest quality of home and business products available, ensures the dependable performance of your HVAC system and your family’s comfort year after year. Our staff welcomes the opportunity to serve you, and looks forward to building a long-term relationship. Our success is dependent upon 100% customer satisfaction and the referrals we receive from our many satisfied customers.
If you’re looking for a professional heating company in Denver with the proper experience to handle your project, our crew has many years of training and experience on most major heating systems available in the Denver area. Our heating company in Denver understands that in some situations, the scope of the damage may put the units beyond repair. In this instance, we can offer you help finding the right energy efficient model that will provide you warmth and savings in your wallet. Heating in Denver can be expensive during the coldest time of year, so choosing the right heating system can give the same amount of heat while at the same time providing big savings when our Denver heater repair technicians help you pick the right system for your home.
Read what our many satisfied customers say about Moncrief. We consistently receive 5-star reviews from both our commercial and residential customers. Moncrief's legacy of comfort and trust, as well as our great team and customer service are second to none. Contact us today to schedule an appointment or inquire about our Total Comfort Service Plan. Moncrief Heating & Air Conditioning is the company to provide the services you need in Roswell and Marietta. Call us at 404-350-2300.
Split-system central air conditioner – for this type of system, there are two separate cabinets. One is located outside in a metal cabinet and houses the condenser and compressor. The second cabinet is on the inside of the house and contains the evaporator. Typically, the indoor cabinet contains a furnace or part of a heat pump, which has the evaporator coils installed in the main supply duct of the heat pump or furnace. This system is great for anyone who already has a furnace but no air conditioner. It offers the most affordable option for their needs.
How Do You Know When You Need Air Conditioner Repair in Dallas / Fort Worth? Several things can impede the proper function of your air conditioning system. The accumulation of caked on grime and dirt on the condenser coil located outside can force the system to work harder and waste energy. A leak in the coils can result in insufficient refrigerant in the system. Other common culprits for malfunctioning air conditioning systems include a clogged A/C drain and faulty electric controls or sensors. The service professionals at Baker Brothers Plumbing & Air Conditioning will use the latest technology and tools to diagnose your air conditioning system’s problem and correct it quickly and cost-effectively. Our technicians will arrive at your home with fully stocked trucks with the tools and equipment they need to complete almost all jobs within one visit.
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
Indoor Fan Motor -- Indoor fans circulate the air from your house and through the system. Age and dust buildup are the two biggest contributing factors to their failure. When they are starting to fail they will often make noise. Failure of the fan will result in no heating or cooling, and if it is not repaired soon, it can cause other components to fail.
Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid fuels, liquids, and gases. Another type of heat source is electricity, normally heating ribbons composed of high resistance wire (see Nichrome). This principle is also used for baseboard heaters and portable heaters. Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems.
Our technicians explain all of your options before beginning the repair, so you can decide whether a repair or replacement is best for you. Our No Surprises Pricing—including charging by the job, not by the hour—means the price we quote you is the price you pay. If you decide that replacing your furnace is the best course of action, we can install a new, high-efficiency model in its place.
The main problem when installing a multi-split system is the laying of long refrigerant lines for connecting the external unit to the internal ones. While installing a separate split system, workers try to locate both units opposite to each other, where the length of the line is minimal. Installing a multi-split system creates more difficulties, since some of indoor units can be located far from the outside. The first models of multi-split systems had one common control system that did not allow you to set the air conditioning individually for each room. However, now the market has a wide selection of multi-split systems, in which the functional characteristics of indoor units operate separately from each other.
Before selecting the installation location of air conditioner, several main factors need to be considered. First of all, the direction of air flow from the indoor units should not fall on the place of rest or work area. Secondly, there should not be any obstacles on the way of the airflow that might prevent it from covering the space of the premises as much as possible. The outdoor unit must also be located in an open space, otherwise the heat from the house will not be effectively discharged outside and the productivity of the entire system will drop sharply. It is highly advisable to install the air conditioner units in easily accessible places, for further maintenance during operation.
Cold aisle is a layout design for server racks and other computing equipment in a data centre. Cold aisle data center design involves lining up server racks in alternating rows with cold air intakes facing one way and hot air exhausts facing the other. The rows composed of rack fronts are called cold aisles. See Data Centre Aisle Containment for more information.
The installation and maintenance specialists from Nerthling's Heating and Air Conditioning are accredited by the manufacturer, having been extensively trained to correctly size and install ductless systems. We are uniquely qualified to recommend, design, and service state-of-the-art systems. Through knowledgeable and accurate workmanship, you’re ensured the highest level of rewards from your ductless system.
Air Handling Unit (AHU): a device used to condition and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. An air handler is usually a large metal box containing a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to a ductwork ventilation system that distributes the conditioned air through the building and returns it to the AHU.
It seems all the average costs for a complete heating and cooling system replacement I've found on websites are usually at least 1/4 less, mostly half lower, then quotes I've gotten from companies. The worst quote I got was from One Hour Heating & Air Conditioning (the company with the Mike Rowe commercials), for over $15,000! I finally settled on a Carrier dealer, for $10,700 & I'll get $950 of that back in energy co rebates eventually. The company I went with's basic system would have been around $8800 (the only one that sorta matched up with web avg cost). They did all the correct planning as far as I could see, not like One Hour, who just showed me a price guide for the same size units already in place. And they do all the rebate paperwork and submit it to the energy co, One Hour never even mentioned possible rebates! Plus Carrier gets above avg reviews. I would have greatly liked a price under 9 grand, but this company got me 0% APR financing, so at least nothing out of pocket. My advice is stay away from national chains, and shop around with local area companies. Of course, One Hour says local companies will fold before you need warranty service lol. For their cost, there should be a technician living in his work van outside my house hahaha.
Furnaces and thermostats are not mix-and-match appliances. Using the wrong type of thermostat with a furnace will cause operating problems and can be dangerous. Although thermostats look similar, they are designed very differently. There are numerous types of heating systems and thermostat systems and they need to be coordinated for safe and proper operation. There are three types of thermostat systems used today: millivoltage, low voltage, and line voltage.


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Stylish City Fringe Townhouse51 Little Curran Street, North Melbourne
A fantastic opportunity to purchase this architecturally designed contemporary three bedroom townhouse that enjoys modern, light filled accommodation with the convenience of a superb city fringe location. On the ground floor, a warm and inviting open plan kitchen/dining/living room opens through sliding doors to a private rear courtyard, ideal for entertaining. Traverse the stairs to the first level where you will find three bedrooms all with BIRs, main with ensuite and north facing balcony and a sparkling main bathroom. The home features split system heating and cooling, additional powder room, European Laundry, ample storage, quality fixtures and fittings and a large remote lock up garage. Quietly tucked away behind Flemington Road, with the expansive Royal Parklands on your doorstep, this superb townhouse is ideal for buyers searching for an inner city residence amongst the exciting North Melbourne lifestyle and within the coveted University High School zone.

domain: design


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Great Falls, SC Auto Insurance
If you are searching for the cheapest car insurance quotes in Great Falls, South Carolina, you have found the best website for that. CarInsuranceMinimizer.com can help you find the best suited car insurance solution for you. All you need to do is enter your Zip Code and start browsing through the best deals in South Carolina.
5 Tips for Cheap Car Insurance in Great Falls, SC
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- Make use of all available discounts. Ensure to qualify for as many discounts as you are eligible. Combining multiple car insurance discounts is a proven way to lower your premium by a huge percentage. Examples of most common auto insurance discounts offered in Great Falls, SC are multi-vehicle, multi-policy, military, student, clean driving record and many others.
- Raise your deductibles. If you are getting comprehensive or/and collision coverage as part of your insurance, you will be able to choose how high to set your deductibles. By setting your deductibles you will be able to lower your Great Falls car insurance premium. However, you will be effectively decreasing your coverage. To get even cheaper coverage, you can choose to select third-party liability car insurance coverage only. This is the cheapest option, but it is only available, if your vehicle is not being financed or leased.
Comparing car insurance quotes online is a proven way of finding cheap auto insurance in Great Falls. Use our simple search engine at the top of this page to find the best option for you! Get More Tips for Cheap Great Falls Vehicle Insurance
As you probably know if you've got ever appeared for auto insurance policy prior to, it can be hard to know which firm, and what plan to decide on to suit your demands. Several businesses are untrustworthy, and other folks demand way more than they should. In addition there are frequent mistakes that individual's make that impact their rates. Study on for guidelines and methods for weeding out the good from the poor.Asking for an age discount can support preserve a bundle on car insurance policy for more mature motorists. If you have a clear driving document, insurance policies organizations are likely to provide you much better costs as you age. Motorists between the ages of 55 and 70 are most probably to be qualified for these kinds of reductions.If you want to discover the most affordable automobile insurance coverage plan offered, you will have to compare insurance policies from a variety of businesses. Comparing rates and insurance policies is how you locate which firms are providing excellent discounts and which organizations are overcharging for inferior provider. Line up two or 3 solid plan selections and compare them side by facet.If your vehicle insurance policy provider is not decreasing your charges right after a few a long time with them, you can drive their hand by getting in touch with them and telling them that you happen to be thinking about transferring elsewhere. You would be surprised at what the risk of shedding a customer can do. The ball is in your court docket below notify them you happen to be leaving and view your premiums drop.Consider to dig up as significantly data about how a certain auto insurance policy organization handles statements. There are some out there that will get the operate done on your automobile as speedily as your mechanic can do the operate ,and there are other individuals that will genuinely drag their ft when it comes to paying out a claim.Prior to you buy a car, you ought to be contemplating about what type of car insurance you want. In truth, before you place a down payment on an auto at all, make positive you acquire an insurance coverage quotation for that certain car. Being aware of how much you will have to pay for a particular type of auto, can help you make a fiscally dependable selection.Buy an older and less expensive motor vehicle. Most insurance policy companies will only let you to set legal responsibility of older autos, immediately lowering your rates. If you do have greater protection, your costs will be decrease in any case, because the insurance policies organization is aware you will not be paid much for your vehicle in the occasion that it is totaled.With a small foresight, you can stay away from frequent problems that can lead to people to pay out larger premiums than needed or finish up with inadequate cover. As you can see, after you are armed with some of these specifics and recommendations, it is a lot simpler to get what you need. You could also be in a position to conserve some cash in the procedure.

domain: finance


Rename Multiple Files Based On Date Software offers a solution for users who want to rename multiple files based on the date or time. The user simply adds the required files or an entire folder of image files and chooses the format of the file name from the drop down menu before renaming all the chosen files with just one click.
What's new in version 7.0
ReleaseJuly 2, 2014
Date AddedMay 18, 2008
Operating SystemsWindows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 8, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows XP


Unformatted text preview: CIRCUIT IDEAS ELECTRONICS FOR YOU • MARCH 2005 • 105 W W W . E F Y M A G . C O M S.C. DWIVEDI Y ou can use this simple and reli- able security system as a watch- dog by installing the sensing loops around your building. You have to stretch the loop wires two feet above the ground to sense the unauthorised entry into your premises. Wire loops 1, 2 and 4 are connected to the A, B and C inputs of 7-segment decoder 4511 (IC1), respectively, while the D input of IC1 is grounded perma- nently. The loops are also connected to a dual 3-input NOR gate and inverter CD4000 (IC2) to activate the alarm. Fig. 1 shows the circuit of the digi- tal security system, while Fig. 2 shows the proposed wiring diagram for the loops around the premises. Before us- ing this security system, make sure that loops shown in Fig. 2 are con- ¡ PHERDAUS ISLAM nected as shown in Fig. 1. If you don’t want to use a buzzer, switch it off by opening switch S2....
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- Spring '09


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Enbridge's Great Lakes Pipeline Has Spilled 1 Million Gallons Since 1968
Enbridge Energy Partners' aging Line 5 pipeline, which runs through the heart of the Great Lakes, has spilled more than 1 million gallons of oil and natural gas liquids in at least 29 incidents since 1968, according to data from the federal Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration obtained by the National Wildlife Federation.
Built in 1953, the 645-mile, 30-inch-diameter pipeline carries petroleum to eastern Canada via the Great Lakes states. As it travels under the Straits of Mackinac, a narrow waterway that connects Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, Line 5 splits into twin 20-inch-diameter, parallel pipelines.
Line 5 opponents fear that a spill in the Great Lakes, which contains 21 percent of the world's surface fresh water, would be an ecological disaster. Notably, the straits' strong currents reverse direction every few days and a spill would quickly contaminate shoreline communities miles away.
Enbridge is behind a number of major spills, most notoriously in 2010 when an Enbridge line spilled more than 800,000 gallons into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan—creating the biggest inland oil spill in U.S. history.
"We have a pipeline system with a history of problems running through our country's largest source of surface freshwater, and it happens to be operated by the company responsible for one of the largest inland oil spills in North America," said Mike Shriberg, executive director for the National Wildlife Federation's Great Lakes Regional Center.
"This pipeline system places the Great Lakes and many local communities at an unacceptable risk. The state of Michigan needs to find an alternative to this risky pipeline to protect our drinking water, health, jobs and way of life."
The National Wildlife Federation has released a new interactive map showing what has spilled from Enbridge's pipeline system, the repair methods that have been used, and how leaks and defects are being discovered.
The conservation organization noticed from the records that only one of the 29 recorded incidents was detected by a remote pipeline detection system. By contrast, 15 releases were detected by local personnel or the public.
"This new information causes us grave concern about the integrity of the inland pipe system, inconsistencies with spill reporting, and the effectiveness of leak detection systems, repair methods, and long-term planning for the integrity of the decades-old pipeline system," said Beth Wallace, the National Wildlife Federation pipeline safety specialist who discovered the newly released data.
Wallace added, "a significant number of these releases note manufacturing and construction defects, as well as weld failure, which calls into question the overall integrity of the Line 5 system."
Last September, Enbridge filed a work plan with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency identifying 18 "holidays" on Line 5—an oil and gas industry term that refers to areas on a pipeline where anti-corrosive coating is missing. However, Enbridge's director of integrity programs Kurt Baraniecki said at a Pipeline Safety Advisory Board meeting last month that the report used imprecise language.
Enbridge has dismissed the National Wildlife Federation's findings.
"This is not new information and we have addressed this issue many times in the past," company spokesperson Ryan Duffy said via email to MLive. "Over the past fifteen years, there have been three incidents on Line 5 that have resulted in a total of approximately 21 barrels of product being released off the mainline. All of the product released during these three incidents was recovered. There has never been an incident on Line 5 at the Straits."
Still, as InsideClimate News reported, Line 5 is facing mounting political pressure. In January, the Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians in northern Wisconsin voted not to renew easements that allowed the pipeline to pass through tribal lands. Also in January, U.S. Reps. Dave Trott (R-Mich) and Debbie Dingell (D-Mich) introduced legislation calling for a shutdown of the pipeline if a federal study determines it poses significant threat to the Great Lakes.
Enbridge is not the only pipeline company facing opposition over fears of contamination. On Tuesday, a coalition of more than two dozen organizations launched a new campaign to challenge Energy Transfer Partners' (ETP) operations.
Dallas-based Energy Transfer Partners is the company behind the controversial Dakota Access Pipeline, the proposed Bayou Bridge Pipeline and the under-construction Rover Pipeline, which just spilled 2 million of gallons of drilling fluids into two of Ohio's wetlands on April 22.
ETP is expected to vote to merge with Sunoco Logistics on Wednesday.
"Energy Transfer Partners and Sunoco Logistics have a damning history of pipeline fires, leaks, and spills, causing millions of dollars in property damage and leaving thousands of gallons of hazardous products in the environment," said Marc Yaggi, executive director of Waterkeeper Alliance, one of the participating organizations. "These incidents demonstrate a blatant disregard for the communities and waterways impacted by these pipelines."
Lena Moffitt, director of Sierra Club's Beyond Dirty Fuels campaign, said momentum has been building across the nation.
"From Standing Rock, to Texas, to Ohio, to towns across the country, people are mobilizing against Energy Transfer Partners and its reckless agenda that has threatened our communities, our clean air and water, and our climate," Moffitt said. "We the people are organized, we are determined, and together, we will stop Energy Transfer Partners' dirty and dangerous plans."
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
Tuna auctions are a tourist spectacle in Tokyo. Outside the city's most famous fish market, long queues of visitors hoping for a glimpse of the action begin to form at 5 a.m. The attraction is so popular that last October the Tsukiji fish market, in operation since 1935, moved out from the city center to the district of Toyosu to cope with the crowds.
gmnicholas / E+ / Getty Images
Kristan Porter grew up in a fishing family in the fishing community of Cutler, Maine, where he says all roads lead to one career path: fishing. (Porter's father was the family's lone exception. He suffered from terrible seasickness, and so became a carpenter.) The 49-year-old, who has been working on boats since he was a kid and fishing on his own since 1991, says that the recent warming of Maine's cool coastal waters has yielded unprecedented lobster landings.
The climate crisis is getting costly. Some of the world's largest companies expect to take over one trillion in losses due to climate change. Insurers are increasingly jittery and the world's largest firm has warned that the cost of premiums may soon be unaffordable for most people. Historic flooding has wiped out farmers in the Midwest.
Hawaii's Kilauea volcano could be gearing up for an eruption after a pond of water was discovered inside its summit crater for the first time in recorded history, according to the AP.
'We Should Be Retreating Already From the Coastline,' Scientist Suggests After Finding Warm Waters Below Greenland
By Johnny Wood
The Ganges is a lifeline for the people of India, spiritually and economically. On its journey from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal, it supports fishermen, farmers and an abundance of wildlife.
The river and its tributaries touch the lives of roughly 500 million people. But having flowed for millennia, today it is reaching its capacity for human and industrial waste, while simultaneously being drained for agriculture and municipal use.
Here are some of the challenges the river faces.
By Jake Johnson
As a growing number of states move to pass laws that would criminalize pipeline protests and hit demonstrators with years in prison, an audio recording obtained by The Intercept showed a representative of a powerful oil and gas lobbying group bragging about the industry's success in crafting anti-protest legislation behind closed doors.
Speaking during a conference in Washington, DC in June, Derrick Morgan, senior vice president for federal and regulatory affairs at the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM), touted "model legislation" that states across the nation have passed in recent months.
AFPM represents a number of major fossil fuel giants, including Chevron, Koch Industries and ExxonMobil.
"We've seen a lot of success at the state level, particularly starting with Oklahoma in 2017," said Morgan, citing Dakota Access Pipeline protests as the motivation behind the aggressive lobbying effort. "We're up to nine states that have passed laws that are substantially close to the model policy that you have in your packet."
Big Oil is now using its political power to try and criminalize protests of oil & gas infrastructure.— Friends of the Earth (@foe_us) August 19, 2019
"This legislation has potential to punish public participation and mischaracterize advocacy protected by the First Amendment."https://t.co/bmiHjONEhy
The audio recording comes just months after Texas Gov. Greg Abbott signed into law legislation that would punish anti-pipeline demonstrators with up to 10 years in prison, a move environmentalists condemned as a flagrant attack on free expression.
"Big Oil is hijacking our legislative system," Dallas Goldtooth of the Indigenous Environmental Network said after the Texas Senate passed the bill in May.
As The Intercept's Lee Fang reported Monday, the model legislation Morgan cited in his remarks "has been introduced in various forms in 22 states and passed in ... Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Missouri, Indiana, Iowa, South Dakota, and North Dakota."
"The AFPM lobbyist also boasted that the template legislation has enjoyed bipartisan support," according to Fang. "In Louisiana, Democratic Gov. John Bel Edwards signed the version of the bill there, which is being challenged by the Center for Constitutional Rights. Even in Illinois, Morgan noted, 'We almost got that across the finish line in a very Democratic-dominated legislature.' The bill did not pass as it got pushed aside over time constraints at the end of the legislative session."
Many of the state bills restricting the right to protest have been "drafted by companies and passed through groups like ALEC, the secretive group of corporate lobbyists trying to rewrite state laws to benefit corporations over people." @greenpeaceusa https://t.co/ZxpTjWdrwT— Stand Up To ALEC (@StandUpToALEC) May 6, 2019
Reposted with permission from our media associate Common Dreams.

domain: news


What to look for in a vision sensor
March 2017, Sensors & Transducers
On paper, all vision sensors look like they could get the job done. But, selecting a sensor with these five features will help ensure that error-proofing applications run smoothly and accurately.
1. Proven vision tools
Vision technology plays a very important role for even the most basic presence/absence inspections. Vision sensors perform inspections first by locating the part in the image, and then by looking for specific features on that part. It is important that the vision sensor includes a variety of vision tools so that you can choose the best tools for your application. So, if you are going to include vision in your inspection process, it is vital to select a brand that is trusted for its high-performance, reliable vision tools, such as In-Sight.
2. Easy to set up
Even novice vision users should be able to set up, configure and install a vision sensor. In-Sight 2000 vision sensors use the intuitive point and click In-Sight EasyBuilder interface, which guides the user through four simple steps – no programming required.
3. Integrated powerful lighting
Creating the right lighting conditions for accurate inspections can be difficult in some manufacturing environments or inside the space-restricted confines of a machine. Selecting a vision sensor with built-in lighting will save you money on costly external illumi-nation and mounting fixtures. The In-Sight 2000 comes equipped with a bright white LED ring light that produces even diffuse illumination for high quality inspection images. Additional lighting colour options are available and can be changed to match the needs of most applications.
4. Flexible modular design
When space on the production line is at a premium, it can sometimes be difficult to mount a vision sensor in the precise location to achieve the optimal field of view, image resolution and part illumination. Finding a vision sensor that is ready to go, right out of the box and which fits into any space will get your inspections up and running quicker and easier. In-Sight 2000 vision sensors can be configured for inline and right angle installation.
5. Standardised setup environment
Technology and application requirements are constantly evolving. When selecting a vision sensor, it is important to consider not only current inspection needs but also future applications that may require more powerful and flexible vision systems. That’s why In-Sight 2000 vision sensors are configured with In-Sight Explorer software – a widely used environment for configuring and maintaining machine vision applications.


When it comes to manufacturing and construction, the quality of materials used plays a vital role in determining the durability and strength of the final product. One such material that has become an essential component across industries is hot rolled steel. In this article, we will explore what hot rolled steel is, its production process, and how it contributes to the success of various applications.
What is Hot Rolled Steel?
Hot rolled steel refers to a type of steel that undergoes a specific manufacturing process known as hot rolling. This process involves heating the steel billets or slabs at extremely high temperatures, between 1,000°C-1,300°C (1,800°F-2,400°F), depending on the desired thickness and mechanical properties. Subsequently, these heated slabs are passed through a series of heavy rollers in order to achieve the desired shape and dimensions.
The Production Process:
The first step in the production of hot rolled steel involves heating the raw material, typically large rectangular billets, above their recrystallization temperature. This ensures that the steel becomes malleable and can be easily shaped without compromising its structural integrity.
2. Roughing mill:
Once heated, the billets move to the roughing mill, where several pairs of enormous rolls apply pressure to gradually reduce the thickness and elongate the length of the steel. As the billets pass through each set of rollers, they are further heated to maintain their workability. This combination of reducing thickness and lengthening results in a continuous strip of steel called a "slab."
3. Finishing mill:
After leaving the roughing mill, the slab enters the finishing mill, where the reduced cross-sectional area produces finer tolerances and surface finishes. At this stage, precise adjustments of roll gaps, speed, and tensions are made to ensure the correct size and characteristics of the final product.
Once rolled to the desired dimensions, the steel is rapidly cooled either through forced air cooling or underwater quenching. This cooling process is crucial in achieving the desired mechanical properties and preventing distortions or cracks from forming within the steel structure.
Advantages of Hot Rolled Steel:
1. Structural Integrity:
Hot rolled steel possesses excellent structural integrity due to its unique manufacturing process. The high temperatures during rolling eliminate most internal stresses that can compromise the material's quality, resulting in a resilient and robust end product.
With an array of grades and thicknesses available, hot rolled steel offers exceptional versatility for various applications. From heavy machinery and construction frames to railroad tracks and pipelines, it provides strength and durability without sacrificing flexibility.
Compared to other production processes like cold rolling, hot rolling is relatively cost-effective as it requires less energy consumption. The simplified process also reduces labor and setup costs, making hot rolled steel an economical choice for manufacturers.
Applications of Hot Rolled Steel:
In the construction industry, hot rolled steel finds widespread use in infrastructure projects such as bridges, buildings, and highways. Its superior strength, ductility, and weldability make it an ideal choice for load-bearing structures that require resilience against seismic forces and extreme weather conditions.
2. Automotive Industry:
The automotive sector heavily relies on hot rolled steel due to its exceptional tensile strength and formability. It is used in car frames, reinforcements, and components where high impact resistance and crashworthiness are essential.
3. Energy Sector:
Hot rolled steel serves as a vital material in the energy industry, particularly in power generation units, oil refineries, and pipeline systems. Its ability to withstand high-pressure environments and temperature fluctuations makes it effective in transmitting electricity, transporting fluids, and ensuring structural stability.
4. Manufacturing Equipment:
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines, used in various industries for accurate and precise manufacturing processes, often rely on hot rolled steel. The material's uniformity, consistency, and machinability make it an ideal choice for producing CNC equipment components such as gears, screws, and structural frames.
Hot rolled steel is a critical component across several industries due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Its production process ensures that the end product possesses exceptional structural integrity without compromising on formability. From construction projects to automotive applications and energy-related infrastructure, hot rolled steel continues to play a pivotal role, contributing to the development of robust and long-lasting products. As technology advances and industries evolve, hot rolled steel remains at the forefront of creating a sustainable future by providing reliable and cost-effective solutions for countless manufacturing challenges. CNC Milling


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Musicport 2002 saw the festival really making a breakthrough in terms of media coverage and we were able to undertake lots of workshops within local schools in the lead-up to the weekend.
Whirl Y Gig came and decorated the main hall with their amazing drapes and the headline acts included Misty In Roots, Vera Bila & Kale, Los de Abajo, Flook, Kekele, Celloman Batanai Marimba & Mugenkyo. .
With the typical October weather beginning to affect us the idea of a marquee on the cliff for the fringe festival was rapidly abandoned before the structure was even assembled and it decamped to The Met.
2002 FESTIVAL- Full Line-Up
Misty In Roots, Los De Abajo, Vera Bila and Kale, Kékélé (DR Congo),Mugenkyo, Batanai Marimba,Jean Binta’ Breeze, Flook ,Mukka,Rory McLeod, North Cregg, Merengada,Allah Lake Band,Annapurna Dance, Banoffi,Forever Haqqani & Whirling Dervishes, Robert Maseko, Celloman, Elephant Talk, Raga Nova, The Real Macaws,Claudio Kron & Braziloca, Le Cod Afrique, Cragg Vale Gamelan,Gina Le Faux, Mike Absalom, Henwen, The Urban Gypsies, Whirl-Y-Gig, Zumbayllu,North Peak Samba Band, The Black Cat Puppet Theatre


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The Secrets of Silk
A NovelBook - 2014
After being told that her life of swindling will bring a tragic end, Silk moves to a small town but soon returns to her old ways when she marries a rich widower and plans to murder him.
Publisher: New York : Strebor Books, 2014
Edition: First Strebor Books trade paperback edition
Branch Call Number: Urban Hob
Characteristics: 329 pages ; 21 cm

domain: literature


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Kaycee Daniel will have hundreds of Harry Potter fans all over the globe very jealous...
She's put in a huge amount of work to turn an ordinary room into a Harry Potter themed nursery.
The room is almost a mirror image of Hogwarts, complete with many familiar looking decorations.
The photos have been shared thousands of times online, with many fans marvelling at the level of detail in her paintings.
This is one room we're sure Harry Potter fans will envy!
Source: Mummy Pages

domain: entertainment


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If you were living in Western New York on Jan. 28, 1977, you may never tire of answering this question: Where were you?
Forty years later, the Blizzard of ’77 remains the signature weather event in our region’s history. Businesses and schools shut down for days to recover, and a federal state of emergency was declared.
The Buffalo News is proud to present this hardcover pictorial book to commemorate the Buffalo Blizzard of '77, and the indomitable spirit of our friends and neighbors who live here. This heirloom-quality coffee-table book documents the storm’s worst and our community’s best.
Great book, I was there during the storm.
loved this book my wedding day was supposed to be 01-29-1977 we pulled it off the next day though and this book is a great keepsake thank you
I have purchased all of the pediment Buffalo books and love them. My family and friends are always looking through them since i have them on the coffee table. Keep them coming. Looking forward to more.
Note: images on this promotional page may not appear in final product.

domain: library


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April 27, 2019
1203 University Ave
View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications by clicking on the Notify Me® button, and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
November 8, 2018, 5:00 PM - 6:00 PM @ Wynne Home Arts Center
Arts Commission Meeting November 8, 2018
November 8, 2018, 10:30 AM - 11:45 AM
Be part of the adult book club at the Huntsville Public Library! All interested persons are welcome to join in the fun from 10:30 to 11:45 a.m. on the 2nd Thursday of each month. Book clubs are an excellent way to enjoy books, challenge one’s mind, and socialize with other book lovers! Have fun reading a wide variety of books, making friends, meeting like-minded people and stimulating the brain cells!
November 8, 2018, 4:30 PM - 5:30 PM
The Huntsville Public Library has a new program for teens! The Teen Film Club will meet on the second Thursday of the month for pizza and a PG-13 rated movie at 4:30 p.m. in the Board Room. Participants must be 13 to 18 years of age.
November 8, 2018, 1:00 PM - 2:00 PM @ City Hall