The measurements of surface properties by contact sensing have been investigated for a long time. Recent advances in tactile related applications that previously rely only on visual feedback, e.g. telepresence, interactions with objects in virtual environments, and minimally invasive surgery, have raised the requirement for the feedback of haptic information to get realistic sensations of direct contact. Surface texture is one of the most important surface properties that affect the feeling of touch. However, it is difficult to describe and measure the property of tactile texture of a surface. Unlike the measurements of texture to characterize the mechanical performance of a surface, research of measuring tactile texture is still in its initial stage, and most efforts have been spent in the developments of texture sensors.
The common methods of measurements of surface properties are based on the measurements of contact forces/pressure. For example, geometric parameters of surfaces can be estimated based on the stress map of the contact area which is measured by arrays of force sensing units. Sophisticated force-based applications can measure the contact locations, surface curvatures, edges and shapes of objects (Fearing & Binford, 1991; Heidemann & Schopfer, 2004; Murakami & Hasegawa, 2005). By measuring the dynamics of contact forces in dexterous manipulations, the incipient slip between the object and robot hands can also be detected (Tremblay & Cutkosky, 1993). However, in contrast to force-based measurements of geometry, the goal of tactile sensing is to obtain local contact parameters, such as surface roughness/ texture, the hardness/softness of object, heat transfer properties, frictional properties, the material of the object, etc.
The development of force-based texture sensors for the perception of texture is difficult because the required modalities for the characterization and measurement of surface texture are still ambiguous. Psychophysical researches showed that contact vibrations provide the most useful information for the perceptions of surface fine textures with inter-element spacing less than about 1
Based on the responses of haptic explorations, several sensors showed the ability of discriminations of different types of fine-textured surfaces. Mayol-Cuevas et al. developed a fingertip-like sensor using an electret piezoelectric microphone embedded in a rugged material as the transducer (Mayol-Cuevas et al., 1998). Contact sounds generated during sliding motions against a surface were picked up by a microphone and analyzed with FFT and learning vector quantization technique (LVQ) for texture recognition. Baglio et al. presented a tactile sensor that used bimorph piezo-ceramic actuators and sensors for stimulation and sensing of response signals (Baglio et al., 2002). By combining signal power spectral density analysis with fuzzy recognition, this system can recognize different types of materials. Fend et al. developed an active multi-whisker array modeled on the rat whisker system (Fend et al., 2003). This whisker array can discriminate different textures based on the frequency response elicited by the whiskers. Mukaibo et al. developed a finger-like multilayered texture sensor (Mukaibo et al., 2005). The sensor is able to identify the differences in roughness, softness and frictional properties of different materials and quantitatively detect the texture information of a surface. Hosoda et al. developed a soft fingertip with randomly distributed strain gauges and PVDF films (Hosoda et al., 2006). With force signals from strain gauges and the variances of the signals from the PVDF films produced by pushing and rubbing movements, this anthropomorphic fingertip can discriminate five different types of materials. In our previous research (Ye et al., 2006), a texture sensor with embedded PVDF films was developed, which can discriminate the fine textures on different types of sandpapers based on the patterns of responses in the frequency domain.
Vibration-based texture sensors have showed the ability to perceive and discriminate textures. Meaningful results having been obtained individually; however, the comparison of experimental results in terms of precision, efficiency, or even the validity, seems to be difficult. Based on previous results, it would be also difficult to define any essential requirement for texture sensing. Therefore, fundamental researches are required to understand the mechanisms of fine texture perception to which the texture perceptions to which the developments of texture sensors can be referred.
In this report we propose a sensor for the perception of surface roughness. Rather than targeting to the discrimination of perceived roughness from the point of view of sensation, efforts are made for the measurements of surface roughness profiles, with which the analysis and reconstruction of surface textures can be performed. The proposed sensor has a rigid contact probe and is able to measure the 3D contact forces applied to the probe’s tip and the dynamic contact signal along the probe’s axis direction. It has been used in our previous research (Ye et al., 2007). It can be discriminated from the hand-held device developed by Pai and Rizun which measures 3D accelerations and 1D contact force in the normal direction (Pai et al., 2003). The measurement of 3D contact forces offer more useful information for estimations of surface profiles and perceptions of textures.
2. Requirements for texture sensing
Because psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have showed that contact vibrations are necessary and sufficient for the perceptions of fine textures by human fingers, the dynamic sensing has been adopted for texture perceptions and techniques for analysis of time-varying signals have also been applied. Tactile texture sensors are developed by emulating the structure of the human finger; sensing processes also start with contact explorations on objects. However, the dynamic response signals are affected by the details of sensor design and the exploratory parameters (contact force, speed, etc.) as well as the surface texture itself, making it difficult to quantitatively describe the obtained texture. On the other hand, recent psychophysical studies with metal gratings showed that the groove widths between ridges have the strongest effect on the estimation of perceived roughness, and the estimated magnitudes of roughness can be described accurately as a function of groove widths and ridge widths (Yoshioka et al., 2001). This finding suggests that the perceived texture can be represented more accurately by parameters of surface profile instead of the frequency components of contact response signals.
One of the difficulties in texture sensing comes from the unquantifiable characteristics of tactile sensors. Most of tactile sensors are composed of a soft layer between the textured surface and the transducers. This soft layer is subject to all kinds of contact texture stimuli in explorations. For example, there are tangential forces and normal height variations in the contact area in the case of surface height detection. When the sensor slides onto a bump, tangential and normal stimuli are both significant. However, it is easy to draw a conclusion that the sensor characteristic is inhomogeneous if only the normal stimuli are taken into consideration. The existence of such intermediate layer makes it difficult to interpret sensor outputs with respect to surface textures. It can simplify the system design and the development of algorithm for analysis if the intermediate uncertainties of measurements can be minimized.
Another factor that makes texture sensing difficult is that the sizes of texture elements are generally smaller than the size of the contact area. Measuring a fine-textured surface with a comparatively large-sized transducer will filter out the details of texture, as illustrated in Figure 1. The existence of an intermediate soft layer worsens this problem as the contact stimuli propagate within the layer. For the perception of fine texture, the developments of tactile sensors have to reduce the size of contact interface during explorations to preserve surface details.
In this report, we present a handheld pen-type texture sensor (see Figure 2) that can satisfy the requirements described above. By using a rigid contact probe for texture sensing, the contact stimuli (static and dynamic forces) are measured with minimum distortions. The contact between the probe’s hemispherical tip and the surface can be considered as a single point contact. The profile of surface in the path of exploration can be estimated based on the measurements of contact forces and the motion of the sensor.
3. Development of pen-type texture sensor
This section describes the development of a miniaturized handheld pen-type texture sensor for the perception of surface texture. The proposed pen-type sensor is capable of measuring
3D contact forces applied at the tip and the dynamic force in the axial direction. It consists of one aluminium probe with a hemispherical tip and three kinds of sensing elements: four strain gauges, a force sensor, and a PVDF module. The structure of the sensor is shown in Figure 3(a). Two half-bridge strain gauge circuits are used to measure the tangential forces in
A PVDF module (H×W×L=2.5×12×5
As a compact handheld device, the circuit (see Figure 3(c)) is also included in the pen-type sensor. Common circuit modules are used in the circuit design, as shown in Figure 3(b). A differential amplifier is used for the amplification of the output signals of the force sensor. Two half-bridge circuits are used to readout the signals from the four strain gauges, followed by proper amplifications.
A charge amplifier and a second amplifier are used to read the signal of the PVDF module. These four signal channels are digitalized using the built-in A/D converter of the micro-controller and transmitted to a host computer via a Bluetooth wireless communication link. A data processing program written with MATLAB is running on the host computer to perform further signal analysis.
One more problem that should be considered is how to support the contact probe. Because the load on the probe is small, the simple and widely used bush bearing was firstly adopted. However, the outputs of the force sensor were distorted and the stimuli to the PVDF film were strongly suppressed. This is due to the static contact friction of the bush bearing. When tangential contact forces are applied at the tip of the probe, a torque about the point of bearing is introduced. To counterbalance this torque, a pair of counteractive forces is generated at the both ends of the bush. Although the sliding frictional coefficient of metal is small, such counteracting forces and the consequent sticking effects are severe enough to filter out the dynamic force.
Although the rigidity of the sensor in the probe’s axial direction is large and there is no relative motion between the contact probe and the base of bearing, frictionless bearing is required in the design. Therefore, the flexure bearing is built by using a pair of disk springs for the support of the sensing probe, as shown in Figure 4. The disk-shaped springs is made by carving involute-shaped grooves through thin copper disks. For the radial support, the equivalent model of the spring is a simple beam with force and torque loads at its ends. The probe can move freely in the disk’s axial direction but be restricted in the radial direction. A pair of separated disk springs is used to counterbalance the torque introduced by the tangential contact forces. When the probe moves from its equilibrium position, a spring force proportional to the displacement is generated. This force can be calculated according to Hooke’s law. Because the contact probe does not move during tactile sensing, the probe can be set to stay at its equilibrium position, and no static spring force is applied to the force sensor. However, a small preloaded spring force is intentionally applied to keep a tight contact in the axial direction between the probe, the PVDF module, and the force sensor. One disadvantage of the disk spring mechanism is its low radial stiffness, which results in the coupling effect between the measured tangential forces and the normal contact force, and therefore, a decoupling calculation is required.
Unlike the sensor used in our previous research (Ye et al., 2006), there is no foam layer in this design, and therefore, the contact probe exhibits higher rigidity in the normal direction. A wider signal bandwidth is expected and a higher sampling rate of A/D conversion is required. The micro-controller is able to perform A/D conversions up to 25 KHz for each of the four signal channels. However, a 3 KHz sampling rate limitation is introduced by the relatively low bitrate of the wireless communication. Explorations with reduced speeds can alleviate the effect of sampling rate limitation.
4. Experimental evaluations
This section presents the evaluation of the proposed texture sensor. For all experiments, the sensor is held by hand and perpendicular to the target surface. The contact point locates at the hemispheric end of the aluminum contact probe. Four kinds of handy materials are used for experiments: the hard surface of a desk, a mouse pad, a transparent duct tape with smooth surface and a towel. Contact forces are controlled approximately at a constant value in the same exploration. Sliding speeds are between 40 ~60
4.1. Measurement of 3D contact force
The purpose of 3D contact force measurements is to evaluate the Coulomb frictional property of the surface which is calculated based on the normal forces and tangential forces. The contact force can be measured with a 3DOF force sensor, and there are many commercial force/torque sensors can be used for this purpose. However, for a small hand held device, the size constraint is critical. It is difficult to find a cheap force sensor that can satisfy all of these requirements.
The proposed texture sensor provides good results of 3D contact force measurements while maintaining a relatively small size. According to the beam theory, there are transverse coupling effects between the forces in
Ideally, there is no coupling between the normal force and the tangential forces. However, the experiments showed that such coupling effect exists and becomes stronger with the increase of the applied tangential forces. This coupling effect can be explained as follows. When the torque introduced by tangential forces is totally counteracted by the pair of disk springs, the force sensor is only sensitive to the normal force
A correction for decoupling is required to obtain the precise values of applied contact forces. Assuming that the coupling factors are linear and can be represented by a constant value, every factor is determined by a calibration. Firstly, the amplifiers for every force components are tuned to unify three measurement channels with the 2 N contact force corresponding to the maximum voltage outputs of amplifiers. After the gain unification, forces in the full range are applied in one axial direction; the outputs of other two force components are recoded simultaneously. The relation between the coupled outputs and the applied forces is approximately linear. The coupling factors from the given component to the others are determined by the ratio of corresponding coupled outputs to the applied force. With all determined coupling factors, the contact forces are calculated as follows.
4.2. Measurement of frictional coefficient
With the normal and tangential force measurements, the Coulomb frictional coefficient can be evaluated using the equation
A mouse pad and a towel were used in the experiments. Three different normal contact forces were applied for explorations on each surface. The experiments results are shown in Figs. 5(c) and 5(d). Each column in the figure is the result for one kind of normal contact force. The first row is the tangential force (frictional force)
The results showed that the calculated frictional coefficient changes dynamically. This is due to the changing of applied normal forces and the uneven surface textures. Especially in the responses of scanning on the towel, an approximately constant frequency response is observed with increased normal contact forces. This is due to the regular textile texture of the towel which can be treated as a coarse texture. The calculated coefficients are similar under different normal contact forces. Furthermore, the difference between the coefficients of friction of these two materials is small, which is consistent with the feeling of exploring on both surfaces with bare fingers.
4.3. Dynamic sensing with PVDF film
The PVDF module is located between the contact probe and force sensor. Normal contact is transmitted to the force sensor via the silicon layer while the dynamic signals are picked up by the PVDF film. In this tactile sensor configuration, PVDF film is adopted because of its high sensitivity and wide bandwidth response to dynamic stimuli.
One of the known effects of measuring contact dynamic via a contact probe is the consequent low sensitivity of the system. The gains of amplifiers need to be increased several hundreds times higher than those used in our previous research (Ye et al., 2006) to generate equal amplitudes of outputs from similar inputs. This is due to two factors. Firstly, the reduced contact area indicates the reduction of the input intensity; and secondly, the use of the contact probe and the bearing disk springs attenuates the tactile stimuli, because they act as a spring-mass system with high spring constant.
4.3.1. Dynamic response of the PVDF film
To find out the respond characteristics of PVDF film, two kinds of primitive inputs were used: step change of the normal contact force
From the response of desk tapping (see Figure 6(b) and 6(c)), both the force sensor and the PVDF film generate a high peak output at each moment of contact. For the PVDF film, the most important signal is the peak response, so it should be detected by the micro-controller. However, as mentioned in the section of sensor development, limited by the architecture of the micro-controller, A/D conversion for each channel is performed one after another at a limited sampling rate, which means that there is a conversion time delay for each signal channel.
4.3.2. Sliding response of the PVDF film
Figure 6(d) shows the response of sliding over of three parallel bands of duct tape stuck on the desktop with intervals equal to the tape’s width. Although the desktop surface is felt smooth to the human fingers, the pen-type sensor picks up the high frequency response signals because of the high rigidities of the desktop and the high axial stiffness of the sensor. Therefore, even small height variations at the contact area can trigger strong dynamic tactile stimuli.
When the sensor is sliding on the smooth tape, its outputs indicate the change rate of the normal force and the white noise of circuit. Therefore, the outputs in this case can be considered the response of the sensor to the explorations of surface with “zero texture.” When sliding on and off the edges of duct tape, the PVDF module generates much stronger responses than the force sensor, which can be used for edge detections.
In this report, a compact handheld pen-type texture sensor for the measurement of fine texture was presented. Because surface roughness and friction properties are most critical parameters in tactile texture sensing, the proposed texture sensor was designed with a metal contact probe and was able to measure the roughness and frictional properties of a surface. Using a rigid contact probe for contact explorations, the sensor can reduce the size of contact area and separate the normal stimuli from tangential ones, which facilitates the interpretation of the relation between dynamic responses and the surface texture.
As for the measured 3D contact forces, they can be used to estimate the surface profile in the path of exploration. Based in the profiles of surface, sophisticated algorithm can be applied for the analysis and restriction of textured surface. In our latest research, the proposed pen-type texture sensor was applied in the reconstruction of periodic texture with limited number of scans on the surface. The dynamic force sensing can be used for the estimation of surface texture in various ways. For example, we can use the rate of strike to represent the rate of appearance of micro peaks of surface texture that come in contact with the sensor’s probe. When the amplitudes of the response signal exceed a given threshold, contact strikes are considered happened and a surface with higher rate of contact strikes during explorations can be considered as a rougher surface.
Baglio S. Muscato G. Savalli N. 2002 Tactile measuring systems for the recognition of unknown surfaces, 51 3 522 531.
Fearing R. S. Binford T. O. 1991 Using a cylindrical tactile sensor for determining curvature, 7 6 806 817.
Fend M. Bovet S. Yokoi H. Pfeifer R. 2003An active artificial whisker array for texture discrimination, , 2 1044 1049.
Heidemann G. Schopfer M. 2004 Dynamic tactile sensing for object identification, , 1 813 818.
Hollins M. Bensmaia S. Risner R. 1998The duplex theory of tactile texture perception, .
Hosoda K. Tada Y. Asada M. 2006Anthropomorphic robotic soft ngertip with randomly distributed receptors, 54 104 109.
Johnson K. O. Hsiao S. S. 1994Evaluation of the relative roles of slowly and rapidly adapting afferent fibres in roughness perception, 72 488 497.
Mayol-Cuevas W. W. Juarez-Guerrero J. Munoz-Gutierrez S. 1998 A first approach to tactile texture recognition, , 5 4246 4250.
Mukaibo Y. Shirado H. Konyo M. Maeno T. 2005 Development of a texture sensor emulating the tissue structure and perceptual mechanism of human fingers, , 2565 2570.
Murakami K. Hasegawa T. 2005 Tactile sensing of edge direction of an object with a soft fingertip contact, , 2571 2577.
Pai D. Pai D. Rizun P. 2003The what: a wireless haptic texture sensor, in P. Rizun (ed.), , 3 9.
Tada Y. Hosoda K. Yamasaki Y. Asada M. 2003Sensing the texture of surfaces by anthropomorphic soft fingertips with multi-modal sensors, , 1 31 35.
Tremblay M. R. Cutkosky M. R. 1993Estimating friction using incipient slip sensing during a manipulation task, , 429 434.
Yamada D. Maeno T. Yamada Y. 2001 Artificial finger skin having ridges and distributed tactile sensors used for grasp force control, , 2 686 691.
Ye X. Choi B. Choi H. Kang S. 2006Roughness perception with tactile sensor, , Korea Robotics Society, 343 348.
Ye X. Choi B. Choi H. Kang S. 2007 Pen-type sensor for surface texture perception, , 642 647.
Yoshioka T. Gibb B. Dorsch A. K. Hsiao S. S. Johnson K. O. 2001 Neural coding mechanisms underlying perceived roughness of finely textured surfaces, 21 17 6905 6916.


1947 - 1949 FREEDOM TRAIN LOCOMOTIVE
by a diesel in the age of steam, the success of the train's ALCO
PA motive power in a sustained and demanding assignment demonstrated
the adaptability of the diesel to all conditions of track, gradient
and curvature, as well as vagaries of climate and weather. The PA
demonstrated its availability to handle the assignment on demand,
with no need to wait for a huge boiler to attain operating pressure.
And it passed by the steam locomotive's water tanks and coaling
tipples with no more than a blast from its air horn.
With an assignment
that received constant attention from the media and the public,
the role of the train's locomotive was scrutinized by management
and stockholders of dozens of America's railroads. The Freedom Train
inadvertently played a role in hastening dieselization and the demise
of mainline steam simply by setting a highly visible example of
the capability of its motive power.
Train's PA probably holds the record for "most kissed" locomotive
of all time.During the train's display date in Brooklyn, New York
and the usual lengthy wait in line to go aboard, about four thousand
high school girls planted big imprints of red lipstick on the engine
through the day, causing the white stripe between the red and blue
stripes to temporarily disappear! Or so they say.
The PA locomotive
proudly carried number 1776 and was named the "Spirit of 1776."
It carried ALCO builder's number 74696 and a construction date of
Text by Mr.
to Freedom Train...


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The seventh generation of the Dickinson Family in Malden has revived their salt making heritage to create an all-natural, artisanal salt organically gathered from a pristine, 400 million year old sea, deep below the Appalachian Mountains. Their small batch, hand-harvested, solar-dried salt is produced using environmentally sustainable techniques on the same farm where William Dickinson began making salt almost 200 years ago. Staff will share information about the company and their products and participants will have the chance to sample their homemade caramel with their salt. Adult.
Monday, July 16 at 6:00pm
Kanawha County Public Library Main Library
123 Capitol St. Charleston, WV 25301

domain: library


Samsung, the South Korean smartphone maker officially launched the Galaxy S20 Fan Edition globally. The handset will be made for sale on October 2, 2020 2020 via Samsung.com & other retail stores. The pre-orders begin from today. The company has not shared any information about the India Pricing & availability of Samsung Galaxy S20 FE. Samsung Galaxy S20 Fan Edition Launching Today in India at 7:30 PM IST, Watch Live Streaming of ‘Galaxy Unpacked for Every Fan’ Event.
In terms of specifications, Samsung Galaxy S20 FE sports a 6.5-inch large Super AMOLED HD+ Infinity-O display & a 120Hz refresh rate.
Dare to be bold, even when it gets a little wet. #GalaxyS20FE
— Samsung Mobile (@SamsungMobile) September 23, 2020
For Optics, the device flaunts a triple rear camera module consisting of a 12MP main wide-angle-lens, a 12MP ultra-wide-angle camera & an 8MP telephoto lens. Upfront, there is a 32MP shooter for slefies & video calls. The phone gets a 'Single Take' mode & super steady mode.
The Galaxy S20 Fan Edition 5G comes powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 865 SoC whereas the Exynos 990 chipset powers the 4G model. The smartphone will be offered in three variants - 6GB RAM + 128GB, 8GB RAM + 128GB storage & 8GB RAM + 256GB. Galaxy S20 FE handset is fuelled by a 4,500mAh battery with 25W fast & wireless charging support.
The Galaxy S20 FE comes in Cloud Navy, Lavender, Cloud Red, Mint, Cloud White, Cloud Orange colours. Coming to the pricing, the Galaxy S20 FE is priced at $699 (approximately Rs 51,400). The Galaxy Fan Edition 5G will be available in the UK for £699 (approximately Rs 65620) whereas the 4G model costs £599 (approximately Rs 56200). In Europe, Galaxy S20 FE 5G will be sold at €759 (approximately Rs 65220) & the 4G variant will be offered at €659 (approximately Rs 56,620).
(The above story first appeared on LatestLY on Sep 23, 2020 08:21 PM IST. For more news and updates on politics, world, sports, entertainment and lifestyle, log on to our website latestly.com).


Department of Environmental Quality To Monitor Ozone in Upper Green River Basin
The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Air Quality Division (AQD), is again reaching out to residents of the Upper Green River Basin in anticipation of elevated ozone levels. Elevated levels of ozone have been observed in previous years during the months of February and March.
Ozone adversely affects the respiratory system, especially in children, the elderly and people with existing respiratory conditions. On days when elevated ozone levels are expected, people in these sensitive groups should limit strenuous or extended outdoor activities, primarily in the afternoon and evening. The public is encouraged to use the monitored data to help make decisions about outdoor activity.
In preparation for the winter of 2014 and the possibility of elevated ozone occurring in the Upper Green River Basin, the AQD is again initiating in-house weather forecasting. Forecasting by the AQD’s meteorologists will consist of evaluating whether a strong temperature inversion in conjunction with low winds, snow cover and clear skies is likely to occur. This is the combination of factors which, together with the presence of ozone forming emissions, appear to result in elevated ozone levels.
The AQD will continue to forecast for the winter of 2014 (January - March) and provide updates to the public daily. These winter ozone updates will give expected conditions for the current and next two days. The winter ozone updates will be geared specifically toward making sure the public has the information needed to help make decisions about outdoor activity.
These winter ozone updates will be conveyed in several ways to the public. Beginning January 2. The public can also sign up at the Winter Ozone website to receive daily winter ozone updates by email.


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Join us at Emerson Dorsch as we raise funds for the AIRIE artist residency in the Everglades National Park, and the exhibition and programs that are inspired by creative work of the AIRIE Fellows. Musical interventions and artistic encounters will celebrate the heritage of the Everglades and local Haitian community.
Celebrate Earth Day 2018 with AIRIE, as we unite in our love and concern for the Everglades, the natural environment of South Florida, and our conviction to preserve it. Along with your benefit ticket, purchase raffle tickets for a chance to win original artworks by AIRIE Fellows.
Valet parking will be available, along with security.
AIRIE advocates for the protection of the Everglades through the vision and voices of contemporary artists. Your support makes it possible to offer opportunities for visual artists, composers, poets, and choreographers to immerse themselves in this mesmerizing wilderness, absorbing its beauty, history and challenges. To learn more about the residency see AIRIE’s quick video.
This month, Emerson Dorsch sculptor Robert Chambers is currently in the AIRIE residence, exploring sites in the Everglades where hints of early 20th century landscape interventions remain. He intends to produce large-scale sculptural works that mimic the forms and physical processes of the objects of his research such as the environmental engineering required to “drain the swamp” in the early 20th century, and the scars that were left on the landscape. His introduction to AIRIE started with out with our Think Tank in Big Cypress, and continued last weekend with a research field trip to the headwaters of the Everglades with Florida Audubon and Archbold Biological Station. The resulting works will be on view next winter in the AIRIE Nest gallery.
MORE ABOUT THE BENEFIT
Attire: “Swamp Chic”
Host Committee: Tyler Emerson-Dorsch, Morel Doucet, Edouard Duval-Carrié, Lisa Fernandez, Amanda Keeley, Ernesto Kunde, Deborah Mitchell, Valerie Grace Ricordi, Mindy Solomon, Gus Vidaurreta
Raffle & Silent Auction Artists: Harumi Abe, Glenn Barkley, Robert Chambers, Elisabeth Condon, Mark Dion, Valerie George, Ernesto Kunde, Alice Raymond, Karen Rifas, Mette Tommerup
Food: SUR, Naomi’s
Landscape: Urban Habitat
Music: DJ Woozles, Electric Violin by Jack Spamates, Rara Band
Special thanks to Gramps and SUR for going the extra mile.
Thanks also to all the supporting artists in the silent auction and Urban Habitat.

domain: artistic


text:
- Company name:
- European Patent Office
- job title:
- Engineers and Scientists
- functional area:
The European Patent Office is currently recruiting Engineers and Scientists to work as Patent Examiners at its offices in Munich, Berlin (Germany) and The Hague (The Netherlands) to examine patent applications and oppositions in our three official languages (English, German, French).
This involves searching in online databases, analysing documents, communicating orally and in writing with patent applicants and their attorneys, and taking decisions on the granting of patents valid in up to 36 European countries.
- Citizenship of one of the member states of the European Patent Organisation.
- Full university degree (Masters degree or equivalent) in physics, chemistry, engineering or natural sciences. The degree should be relevant to the technical field in which you would like to work.
- Generally, an excellent knowledge of one official language (English, French and German) and the ability to understand the other two. In exceptional cases, excellent knowledge of one official language and the ability to understand another. In such a case, the Office may also consider offering a fixed-term contract (for a maximum of three years) instead of permanent employment. Candidates recruited on that basis may be appointed as permanent employees if, no later than three months before expiry of the contract, they demonstrate that they have reached the level of knowledge of the third language stipulated in the contract.

domain: law


- Intelligence for Architects
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By Amanda Baillieu2013-07-18T15:10:00
Catch up with the coverage that introduced readers to the highlights of the 2013 shortlist, says Amanda Baillieu
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Nollywood Actor Jigan Babaoja has resumed his lawsuit against singers for taking a swipe at him in their songs.
After filing an online lawsuit against Mohbad, and Asake, he has moved on to Olamide.
In a video posted online, Olamide was seen vibing and singing to his signee, Asake’s song where he took a swipe at Jigan over his disability.
Reacting to it, Jigan threatened to take the singer to court.
Giving him conditions, he stated that it’s either Olamide credits him or meets him in court.

domain: celebrity


text:
Galway UNESCO City of Film is delighted to congratulate Asif Kapadia for winning the 88th Academy Awards OSCAR for ‘Best Documentary Feature’ for his film ‘AMY’ on Sunday evening in Los Angeles.
Galway Film Centre was delighted to host Asif in Galway in January this year as part of the Galway Film Centre’s annual Seminar ‘Talking Documentary’. Filmmaker Pat Collins interviewed Asif and discussed at length his experiences as a documentary filmmaker. Asif talked poignantly about his time in making ‘AMY’, his documentary on singer Amy Winehouse, and the need to celebrate her short life.
Hearty congratulations to Asif for this amazing win!
For more information on AMY see the films official website.

domain: news


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Storyteller. Poet. Essayist.
I read, write and drink coffee (a lot of coffee) on Canada’s west coast, on the unceded traditional territory of the Songhees and Esquimalt First Nations. Culture, place and identity are prevalent themes in my work, which has been published in the Globe & Mail, The Fem, The Timberline Review, Plenitude Magazine and Peacock Journal among other print and online publications. In 2016, I was awarded the 18th annual Writing for Children Award for best picture book manuscript by CANSCAIP and the Writer’s Union of Canada. I am currently writing a novel about the Holodomor.
Thanks for visiting my cozy corner of the web. I hope you make yourself at home.
- Read samples of my writing in Publications and on my blog.
- Cheer me on as I race to get 100 rejections in 2017.
- See what is on my bookshelf.
- Listen to my music playlists.
- Find out what makes me tick.
- And, if you feel like it, you can follow me on twitter (@shelley_motz) and instagram (shelley_motz_writer).


text:
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GTA 6 Leaked Video Reddit likely has the leaked footage of the game. However, the authenticity of the video is still in question.
The forthcoming release of Grand Theft Auto 6 (GTA 6) is generating a lot of buzz. Rockstar Games has confirmed that the first GTA 6 trailer will be released on December 5, 2023, at 9 a.m. ET.
While the game’s official title has yet to be announced, whether it will be called “GTA 6” or have a geographically based title like previous editions, rumors point to a return to Vice City, hinted at by the palm trees in the teaser announcement.
Based on the history of previous GTA releases, the first peek at GTA 6 will arrive roughly a decade after the last installment.
The previous GTA game was announced in late 2011 and released in September 2013. More details may emerge after the trailer’s release, along with the game’s settings, features, and potential release window.
GTA 6 Leaked Video Reddit
The GTA 6 leaked video has sparked significant interest among gamers, especially on Reddit.
Before the official game announcement, a video showing GTA 6 gameplay appeared online, first on TikTok and then spreading throughout social media.
This leak contains a comprehensive map allegedly twice the size of Los Santos in GTA V and outstanding loading speeds and character transitions.
A massive leak happened in September 2022, disclosing several in-development assets, including videos and screenshots. This occurrence sparked extensive skepticism about the veracity of the leak.
A map leak, believed to originate from earlier gameplay leaks, recently surfaced on Reddit.
The removal of the map by Reddit’s legal team suggests legitimacy. This map includes a section like the Sebring Raceway, hinting at the game’s massive scope.
Despite unconfirmed estimates of a 750GB game size and 400 hours of playtime, the game’s scope is unknown.
The timing, only days before the official trailer release, adds to the mystery, leaving fans anxious for further information.
GTA 6 Controversy Explained
The Grand Theft Auto 6 (GTA 6) controversy revolves around a significant leak of gameplay footage and details, sparking widespread discussion and speculation.
Initially, a video purportedly showing GTA 6 gameplay leaked online. This video, first posted on TikTok and circulated on social media platforms such as Reddit, drew considerable scrutiny from fans and the media.
The leaked files contained a comprehensive map far larger than Los Santos in GTA V, an outstanding game feature.
Rumors circulated that the leaker was the son of Aaron Garbut, the art director and head of development at Rockstar North.
This potential inside leak from a high-ranking executive’s family member prompted concerns about Rockstar’s security and secrecy.
Leaking sensitive game information is a substantial breach of trust and contractual duties, and the occurrence could have severe legal and professional ramifications for anyone involved.
The incident has put Rockstar North in a difficult position, as it faces internal security concerns, potential legal action, and the challenge of handling public relations in the highly anticipated release of GTA 6.
GTA 6 Footage Details
The leaked footage of Grand Theft Auto 6 (GTA 6) has sparked a lot of excitement and intrigue among gamers.
This footage, initially shared on TikTok and subsequently spreading to platforms like Twitter and Reddit, reveals significant aspects of the game.
It has what appear to be gameplay elements and a comprehensive map, said to be significantly larger than Los Santos from GTA V.
The incredible loading times and fluid transitions between characters in the leaked film are prominent elements, demonstrating possible breakthroughs in game technology.
The authenticity of the video footage is still debated, but its detailed nature suggests legitimacy. Rockstar Games has not yet confirmed its validity.
The substance of the leaked video has spurred much study and discussion among fans anxious to learn more about the game’s plot, location, and mechanics.
While the leak has increased interest in GTA 6, it also raises ethical questions regarding the impact of such leaks on game production and the broader consequences of distributing unauthorized content.

domain: game


text:
Mary ebbott has made a name for herself-and Holy Cross-by uncovering new understandings and interpretations of some of the world’s oldest stories. By studying the earliest existing version of the ancient Greek epic poem, Homer’s Iliad, she provides fresh insights that enrich scholars around the globe.
Her roots in the project are broad and deep. She is the co-editor of the Homer Multitext project, supported by the Center for Hellenic Studies at Harvard University, and she serves as executive editor at the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, D.C. She and collaborator Casey Dué of the University of Houston have been awarded a three-year grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to create a digital edition of the oldest complete existing manuscript of the Iliad, known as the Venetus A. Their goal is to publish its digital edition by 2016, working with a text that preserves centuries of scholarship.
‘Two Holy Cross alumni are on the Frontlines of the Ebola Virus’
ABC News | NBC News | Newsweek | Boston Herald
Anthony Fauci ’62, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, has been the go-to expert for many national news outlets since the Ebola virus...10/23/14
‘Holy Cross Professors Take Students on In-Depth Study of Holocaust Sites in Central Europe’
In the October issue of Connections, an online publication of the Associations of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, two College of the Holy Cross professors were featured...10/10/14
‘Holy Cross’ Sean Gustin never rests’
Worcester Telegram & Gazette
The Worcester Telegram & Gazette profiled College of the Holy Cross student Sean Gustin ’16 as a stand out scholar- athlete who is a member of both the Crusader...


Would I be wrong, if I said tomorrows technology is today’s young minds? Speaking of which, I don’t know if we can call it an industry. But surely, 3D printing leaving no stone unturned- has graced its way in to the four walls of class rooms as well.
The students’ eyes were on stalks as they watched the magic of the technology unravel before them. Dimension 3D printers allow students and professors to play around with proof of concepts. They get to see their ideas first hand, by making a functional model and then progress through these durable ABS plastics. Gone are the days when you were apprehensive during viva voce -a technical glitch in your handmade science project.
So, with basically one straight path from the CAD file to the ABS plastic – ideas fly into life for the bright eyed and bushy tailed. A growing number of students are fascinated at how the printer creates workable parts of their machines. With such ease as sending a word document to the printer paper, they send STL design files to the 3D printer. Schools use mostly Dimension BST 3D printer, a networked desktop to model ABS plastic from the bottom up, one layer at a time. Realizing that nothing beats the benefits gleaned from this technology, universities are extending their curriculum in CAD and machine tool designing to 3D printing.


Senator Metzger and Mayor DeStefano Announce
Grant Project for Middletown
On Wednesday State Senator Jen Metzger and Mayor Joseph DeStefano will hold a press conference celebrating the future relocation of the City of Middletown’s new Parks and Recreation department, the result of Metzger nominating the City for a $400,000 State and Municipal Capital (SAM) grant that will enable renovations for the property. The project was announced at the City’s former START Center on County Route 78.
Jen Metzger represents the 42nd Senate District, which includes all of Sullivan County and parts of Delaware, Orange, and Ulster Counties. She serves as Chair of the Agriculture Committee and sits on the Environmental Conservation, and Legislative Commission on Rural Resources Committees as well as others.


text:
Sat 02 Jul 2022
A PREDATOR has been jailed for 22-and-a-half years for a string of horrific sexual offences against two children.
By Admin on Sun 03 Jul 2022
What's happening in and around your village
By Gareth Dennison on Sun 03 Jul 2022
COMMUNITY spirit was shining brightly as the Olympic Torch Relay lit up a trail of beaming faces and cheering crowds across Rotherham.
A PLANNING permission bid has been made for a cabin being used as a food pantry at the Chislett Youth and Community Centre.
ABOUT a fifth of Rotherham’s bus journeys could disappear within months — decimating the evening schedule and severely hitting early mornings and Sundays.
By Chris Brayford on Sat 02 Jul 2022
A MAN who suffered nearly a lifetime of pain died as a result of an unintentional overdose combined with an undiagnosed heart condition, an inquest heard.
By Admin on Sat 02 Jul 2022
By Jill Theobald on Sat 02 Jul 2022
SHOP and cafe owners say they are “appalled” and “stunned” by the decision to bring burger vans and an outdoor bar to the town centre during the Women’s Euros — instead of supporting established businesses struggling for trade.
ROTHERHAM is set to receive more than £750,000 in funding to tackle the local drug and alcohol treatment crisis after being identified by the government as one of 50 local authorities with the “highest level of need”.
By Admin on Fri 01 Jul 2022
A “HEALTHY” takeaway is planned for a former pawnbrokers’ unit on Effingham Street.
HAVE you got the drive to volunteer for a local charity?
By Chris Brayford on Fri 01 Jul 2022
A LARGE section of a tree has fallen down in Clifton Park, reportedly causing injury.
POLICE sought to reassure the public after a man was spotted carrying a bow and arrow in a park.
By Michael Upton on Fri 01 Jul 2022
A SKIP was set on fire in Thrybergh last night.
WENTWORTH and Dearne MP John Healey has criticized past “government cuts” to the Armed Forces with growing tensions over the war in Ukraine.
What's happening in and around Rotherham


The Netgear N150 Wireless Modem Router DGN1000 is a simple ADSL2+ modem/router with an 802.11n wireless access point. It also has four 10/100 Ethernet ports, a built-in firewall, parental filters and it even has physical buttons for controlling the s...
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A portable, battery-powered wireless router, Edimax's 3G-6210n allows users to share a 3G broadband connection. Also compatible with a standard ADSL or cable Internet connection, the Edimax 3G-6210n is a handy device for travellers, but it requires a...
The Netgear ProSecure STM600 security appliance takes on small-to-midsize business stalwarts such as Fortinet and Barracuda by including antispam, antimalware, and web content filtering in a single unit that offers easy deployment and budget-preservi...
The Novatel Intelligent Mobile Hotspot MiFi 2352 is a totally wireless 3G modem that shares its connection like a Wi-Fi router.
Aimed at users without access to fixed line cable or ADSL Internet services, Telstra's BigPond Elite Wireless Network Gateway is a 3G modem/router that provides wireless access to Telstra's Next G network. The BigPond Elite Wireless Network Gateway w...
Setting up the Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH wireless router for the first time is easy using the bundled CD, which contains the user manual and configuration tool. Thereafter, you can wall mount or stand it up using the stand provided, and manage it through...
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I would recommend this device for families and small businesses who want one safe place to store all their important digital content and a way to easily share it with friends, family, business partners, or customers.
It’s easy to set up, it’s compact and quiet when printing and to top if off, the print quality is excellent. This is hands down the best printer I’ve used for printing labels.
Brainstorming, innovation, problem solving, and negotiation have all become much more productive and valuable if people can easily collaborate in real time with minimal friction.
The print quality also does not disappoint, it’s clear, bold, doesn’t smudge and the text is perfectly sized.
The Huddle Board’s built in program; Sharp Touch Viewing software allows us to easily manipulate and edit our documents (jpegs and PDFs) all at the same time on the dashboard.
The biggest perks for me would be that it comes with easy to use and comprehensive programs that make the collaboration process a whole lot more intuitive and organic
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text:
Despite its busy location I’d never spotted Luigi’s Italian restaurant in Birstall – but after it was recommended by a friend I decided to give it a try.
It’s converted from a former pub and opened in January last year. The owner, Luigi Dabundo, has been a restaurateur for 30 years, having run eateries in Liversedge and Horsforth.
Entry is next to the kitchen and you’re greeted by delicious cooking smells and the chef whirling pizza dough in the air.
It’s very well staffed by Italian waiters, waitresses and bar workers who are attentive, welcoming and friendly. The restaurant is very light and sunny and tables are prettily covered in red and white checked tablecloths.
We visited last Sunday night and even though it’s traditionally a day for a Sunday roast, the restaurant was still fairly busy.
The menu has a variety of choices and, as I would expect in a good Italian restaurant, 18 pizzas to choose from!
Starters arrived soon after we had ordered and were all freshly cooked.
We ordered mozzarella in carrozza (£5.50), mussels from the specials board (£6.95), deep fried brie in breadcrumbs (£5.50) and a mushroom and pepper starter from the specials board (£5.95).
I had the mozzarella which was coated in breadcrumbs, deep fried and covered in a lovely rich tomato sauce.
My husband had the mussels, which came in three different sauces including his choice of white wine and garlic. I am not a fan of seafood so declined to try them but he said they were lovely.
The brie arrived garnished with a side salad and tomato relish, which was beautifully cooked and held together perfectly.
The mains were served within just a few minutes of our plates being cleared away and were just the right temperature to tuck into immediately.
I had the Canneloni Gratinati (£8.50). The menu states main dishes are served with potatoes and seasonal vegetables, but mine didn’t come with any so I thought this may have applied to the steak dishes. However, the portion was big so I wouldn’t have been able to eat any! The dish itself was cooked very well and there was plenty of mozzarella cheese which was light enough after having mozzarella for my starter too.
My husband ordered Spaghetti Vesuvio (£8.95) which sounds very hot, but was not overpowering and was cooked beautifully with plenty of vegetables and salami.
My vegetarian guests chose a calzone (£8.95) and risotto marinara (£10.95), both of which are meat dishes, but the kitchen was happy to serve them without meat and when the bill arrived £2 had even been knocked off the price of the
The calzone was huge and we all had a bit! I am a seasoned pizza fan and this was delicious. The crust was perfect and the toppings and seasonings struck just the right balance, with plenty of garlic. My guest said he really enjoyed it and was glad everyone wanted to try it because it was so big!
The risotto was delicious although with a seafood kick so did not appear to be strictly vegetarian. The dish is intended to be served with mixed seafood but other vegetarians considering this should not worry that it suffers when the seafood is removed.
For dessert two guests shared a creamy limoncello served in a wine glass which inspired a lot of appreciative noises! It was the last one – although it being Sunday night, this is understandable.
My husband had an orange sorbet, which was delightfully served in a frozen orange, and I had Neapolitan ice cream which was drizzled in sweet strawberry and chocolate ice cream. The desserts added up to £12.50 for all three.
VERDICT: The meal was delicious and we all said we would definitely go again. As a pizza fan I think I would be hard-pressed to find a better one in north Kirklees! My vegetarian guests very much enjoyed their meal and would be happy to go again. However, they would be more inclined to make a return visit if more vegetarian options were added to the menu.
921 Bradford Road, Birstall, WF17 9NL
Tel: 01924 470777
Opening hours: Tues-Thurs 5pm-10pm; Friday and Saturday 1pm-10.30pm;
Disabled access: Yes
The bill: £76.25 for four
Would you go back?
Yes, we all said we would.

domain: food


text:
Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of PRA Health Sciences (NASDAQ:PRAH) from a hold rating to a buy rating in a report published on Wednesday morning. The brokerage currently has $101.00 target price on the medical research company’s stock.
According to Zacks, “PRA Health Sciences, Inc. operates as a global contract research organizations providing outsourced clinical development services to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. It offers therapeutic services in the areas of cardio-metabolic, biosimilars, infectious diseases, immunology, neurology and psychiatry, oncology and hematology, rare diseases, and respiratory needs. The Company engages in bioanalytical laboratory, clinical pharmacology, clinical development, strategic solutions, post marketing research, clinical informatics, clinical diagnostics, and safety and risk management activities. PRA Health Sciences, Inc. is based in Raleigh, North Carolina. “
Several other equities analysts have also recently weighed in on PRAH. Mizuho initiated coverage on PRA Health Sciences in a report on Thursday, September 21st. They set a buy rating and a $82.00 price target on the stock. Robert W. Baird restated a buy rating and issued a $88.00 price objective on shares of PRA Health Sciences in a research note on Monday, October 9th. Credit Suisse Group restated an outperform rating and issued a $90.00 price objective (up from $84.00) on shares of PRA Health Sciences in a research note on Monday, October 16th. Jefferies Group restated a buy rating and issued a $95.00 price objective on shares of PRA Health Sciences in a research note on Thursday, October 26th. Finally, SunTrust Banks restated a buy rating and issued a $101.00 price objective on shares of PRA Health Sciences in a research note on Friday, October 27th. Two analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and twelve have issued a buy rating to the company’s stock. The company currently has an average rating of Buy and a consensus target price of $91.85.
PRA Health Sciences (PRAH) traded up $0.79 during midday trading on Wednesday, hitting $92.89. The stock had a trading volume of 349,829 shares, compared to its average volume of 501,050. The company has a market cap of $5,890.00, a PE ratio of 52.19, a price-to-earnings-growth ratio of 1.26 and a beta of 0.41. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.38, a current ratio of 1.01 and a quick ratio of 1.01. PRA Health Sciences has a 12-month low of $54.08 and a 12-month high of $92.92.
PRA Health Sciences (NASDAQ:PRAH) last released its quarterly earnings results on Wednesday, October 25th. The medical research company reported $0.88 earnings per share for the quarter, beating the consensus estimate of $0.85 by $0.03. The firm had revenue of $494.55 million for the quarter, compared to analysts’ expectations of $477.89 million. PRA Health Sciences had a return on equity of 21.66% and a net margin of 5.64%. The company’s revenue was up 23.7% compared to the same quarter last year. During the same period in the prior year, the firm earned $0.64 EPS. analysts expect that PRA Health Sciences will post 3.2 EPS for the current fiscal year.
In other news, insider David W. Dockhorn sold 72,850 shares of the company’s stock in a transaction on Thursday, December 28th. The stock was sold at an average price of $90.83, for a total value of $6,616,965.50. The transaction was disclosed in a document filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available through the SEC website. Also, Director Matthew P. Young sold 5,115 shares of the company’s stock in a transaction on Thursday, November 16th. The stock was sold at an average price of $79.90, for a total value of $408,688.50. The disclosure for this sale can be found here. Insiders sold a total of 217,815 shares of company stock valued at $19,690,710 over the last 90 days. 2.10% of the stock is currently owned by company insiders.
Hedge funds have recently modified their holdings of the business. Zurcher Kantonalbank Zurich Cantonalbank increased its stake in PRA Health Sciences by 12.0% in the 2nd quarter. Zurcher Kantonalbank Zurich Cantonalbank now owns 1,488 shares of the medical research company’s stock worth $112,000 after buying an additional 160 shares in the last quarter. Carroll Financial Associates Inc. increased its stake in PRA Health Sciences by 127.4% in the 3rd quarter. Carroll Financial Associates Inc. now owns 1,410 shares of the medical research company’s stock worth $112,000 after buying an additional 790 shares in the last quarter. Comerica Bank purchased a new stake in PRA Health Sciences in the 3rd quarter worth $214,000. Trustmark National Bank Trust Department purchased a new stake in PRA Health Sciences in the 2nd quarter worth $225,000. Finally, Vident Investment Advisory LLC purchased a new stake in PRA Health Sciences in the 3rd quarter worth $247,000. Institutional investors and hedge funds own 98.23% of the company’s stock.
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION NOTICE: “PRA Health Sciences (PRAH) Upgraded to Buy by Zacks Investment Research” was reported by Dispatch Tribunal and is owned by of Dispatch Tribunal. If you are viewing this piece on another website, it was stolen and reposted in violation of US and international copyright laws. The correct version of this piece can be accessed at https://www.dispatchtribunal.com/2018/01/18/pra-health-sciences-prah-upgraded-to-buy-by-zacks-investment-research.html.
About PRA Health Sciences
PRA Health Sciences, Inc is a contract research organization. The Company provides outsourced clinical development services to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. The Company offers therapeutic services in areas of pharmaceutical development, including oncology, central nervous system, inflammation and infectious diseases.
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text:
Last Modified: Friday, July 26, 2013 2:57 PM
We hear so much all the time about the debt. When did we start borrowing money and why? How much is the debt now?
The United States has owed others money from the beginning, when it took loans from European nations and incurred a massive debt to fund the American Revolution, which lasted from 1775 to 1783.
“In order to pay for its significant expenditures during the Revolution, Congress had two options: print more money or obtain loans to meet the budget deficit,” reads the website of the U.S. State Department’s Office of the Historian.
“In practice it did both, but relied more on the printing of money, which led to hyperinflation. At that time, Congress lacked the authority to levy taxes, and to do so would have risked alienating an American public that had gone to war with the British over the issue of unjust taxation.”
The United States, via Benjamin Franklin, later secured loans from France, and private Dutch investors, persuaded by John Adams, also lent money to the cause.
In the years after the war, the United States, still light on cash, “struggled to pay off the loans, stopping payments of interest to France in 1785 and defaulting on further installments that were due in 1787,” according the State Department site. Still, the United States managed to secure loans from the Dutch in 1787 and 1788.
By the beginning of 1791, U.S. Bureau of the Public Debt records show, war-related debt totaled $75,463,476.52.
The U.S. debt at the end of each fiscal year from 2000 through 2012:
2000 — $5,674,178,209,886.86.
2001 — $5,807,463,412,200.06.
2002 — $6,228,235,965,597.16.
2003 — $6,783,231,062,743.62.
2004 — $7,379,052,696,330.32.
2005 — $7,932,709,661,723.50.
2006 — $8,506,973,899,215.23.
2007 — $9,007,653,372,262.48.
2008 — $10,024,724,896,912.49.
2009 — $11,909,829,003,511.75.
2010 — $13,561,623,030,891.79.
2011 — $14,790,340,328,557.15.
2012 — $16,066,241,407,385.89.
As of May 30, the outstanding public debt amounted to $16,737,246,099,998.86.
The Treasury Department accepts contributions from citizens who want to help reduce the debt.
To contribute to the debt-reduction effort, visit Pay.gov, which allows users to donate money via credit card or account transfer.
Or send a check — payable to Bureau of the Public Debt, with “Gift to reduce the Debt Held by the Public” on the memo line — to Attn: Dept G, Bureau of the Public Debt, P.O. Box 2188, Parkersburg, WV 26106-2188.
The Informer answers questions from readers each Sunday, Monday and Wednesday. It is researched and written by Andrew Perzo, an American Press staff writer. To ask a question, call 494-4098, press 5 and leave voice mail, or email firstname.lastname@example.org


text:
I somehow managed to make vegan, low-fat, sugar-free, gluten-free oatmeal-raisin cookies that don’t suck. Naturally, this makes me want to tell anyone who’ll listen how I did it, so here goes.
- 1 cup applesauce
- 2 Tbsp powdered chia seed
- .5 cups of water
1 Tbsp powdered chia seed plus 3–4 Tbsp of water is about the equivalent of one good-size egg. Alternatively, you can use finely ground flax or hemp seed.
- 3 cups stevia in the raw
- 1 Tbsp olive oil
- 1 tsp baking soda
- 1 tsp salt
- .5 tsp fair-trade vanilla
- 1 Tbsp fair-trade cocoa powder
- 1 Tbsp cinnamon
- 1 cup gluten-free four of your choice
I used the leftover pulp from making peanut milk and left out the water for the powdered chia seed.
- 3 cups old-fashioned oats
- 1 cup raisins
- 10 minutes prep
- 30 minutes bake
- Preheat your oven to 350 degrees.
- Mix the wet ingredients. I use a Ninja blender/food processor with the dough blades, and each step takes about a minute on the low-speed setting, but any mixing method should do. Start with the applesauce and blend in the chia seed first. Next add the oil and vanilla, and when that’s all well blended, add the stevia.
- Mix the dry ingredients. Put the flour, oats, cocoa, baking soda, salt, and cinnamon in a bowl and stir until thoroughly mixed.
- Blend the wet and dry ingredients together. Add 1/3 of the dry ingredients to the wet mix at a time. You should end up with a crumbly cookie dough, but you may need to add an extra tablespoon of water. Unless you want gooey pulp, leave out the raisins until the end and blend them in by hand.
- Grease a cookie sheet.
- Form dough into flat cookie shapes. The dough will rise a bit, but it will not spread, so you want to layout the cookies with that in mind.
- Bake for about 30 minutes, checking at 20 minutes and finishing as needed. I recommend broiling them for about two minutes at the end, just to crust up the tops a bit, but that isn’t necessary.
I hope you enjoy this recipe and get the same results I did. Enjoy!


text:
In an area where most of the old roads were swallowed up by the railway, Craven Passage is a rare survivor of a path that dates back to when the area first started to be developed. Originally known as Craven Court, it cuts across Craven Street and would have been a busy path into the middle of the huge Hungerford Market that used to stand where the railway is today.
The name comes from William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, and former Lord Mayor of London who was granted his earldom following the restoration of the Monarchy and owned land in this area. He is particularly noted for his actions during the Great Plague of 1665 when, unlike most nobles who fled the city, he remained and worked on supporting those affected by the calamity.
Although it was a Court, it is today a Passage.
It’s possible that the renaming took place at the time of the arrival of the railway, as for a while, the passage as we know it today was given two names. The shorter spur on the eastern side was still called Craven Passage, but the longer western side was renamed Northumberland Passage.
It seems they were reunited once more within 50 years, although the exact date is unclear.
Probably the main landmark of the passage is the pub on the corner, The Sherlock Holmes — a former hotel that was converted into a bit of a tourist trap in 1957 for fans of the fictional detective. The collection of Sherlock Holmes memorabilia comes from the Festival of Britain which held an exhibition, and when it closed, Whitbread were able to buy the entire collection and installed it in this pub.
Although it seems odd to have a Sherlock Holmes themed pub at this location, this area appears several times in the novels, with suggestions that the building opposite, a former Turkish Baths featured in several stories, and possibly the pub, when it was a hotel, being the very one that appeared at the start of The Hound of the Baskervilles.
Down the alley, if you look to the side where the Turkish Baths once occupied the building you can still see hints of their history in the tiles above the fire escape (formerly the ladies entrance), and the very distinctive Islamic arches.
It’s a passage that most people pass through in a hurry, often to get to and from Charing Cross station, but it’s rich in Sherlockian history.
For person’s seeking less Sherlock and more oddity, the passage boasts a second pub — rail travel is thirsty work after all — the Ship and Shovell, a pub that is actually on both sides of the passage and linked by a (staff only) tunnel underneath that also contains the kitchen and cellars.
The south side is a new(ish) addition, as it used to be a sandwich shop in the 1950s, owned by John Garvey, but was taken over when the sarnie seller sold up.
If meeting friends for a pint, just remember to tell them if you are going in north or south.

domain: history


Connected infrastructure will prove vital for the safe mass roll-out of self-driving vehicles, which is why a smart pedestrian crosswalk has been developed that will alert vehicles to people crossing the road so it can take appropriate action.
Created by Bercman Technologies and using V2X technology provided by Cohda Wireless, the system comprises high-tech electronic signage positioned at either side of pedestrian crosswalks to alert pedestrians and other road-users to danger and prevent road-accident fatalities.
In Europe alone, more than a quarter of road-accident fatalities (approximately 24,000) involve pedestrians or cyclists so this technology could save many lives.
“There are several reasons why pedestrian crosswalks feature in so many accidents and fatalities involving vulnerable road-users but one of the biggest reasons is that people place an undue amount of trust in pedestrian crossings and assume it is always safe to cross,” explained Paul Gray, CEO, Cohda Wireless.
“In a connected and collaborative road transport environment, the Smart Pedestrian Crosswalk Solution will leverage our V2X technology to alert vulnerable road-users of cars and other vehicles approaching the crossing and which appear, by reason of their approach speed, unlikely to stop.”
“Similarly, connected vehicles will also be alerted to the presence of pedestrian crosswalks and vulnerable pedestrians in the vicinity ensuring that the driver is aware of them and can take the appropriate action.”


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domain: entertainment


text:
America is not prepared for the next big earthquake
There’s a 10% chance of a Tsunami-inducing quake on the West coast in the next 30 years
| LOS ANGELES
DENNIS RICHARDSON, Oregon’s secretary of state, brought his children up to be ready. “When a crisis arises, the time for preparation has passed,” he would tell them. Today Mr Richardson worries his state is less prepared than it should be. There is a 10% chance that in the next 30 years an earthquake between 8.0 and 9.0 in magnitude will rupture the Cascadia subduction zone that runs along the coast of Washington, Oregon and Northern California. If the quake hit, it would trigger a tsunami that could raze coastal houses and infrastructure.
On January 25th Mr Richardson’s office published a report describing how vulnerable the state is to a Cascadia quake. To begin with, it points out that the building which houses Oregon’s emergency co-ordination centre has not been retrofitted to withstand earthquakes. It estimates that a big tremor combined with a tsunami could claim 10,000 lives and cost $32bn in damage and lost output in Oregon alone. Calculations made in 2013 suggest that it would take between one and three years to restore drinking water and sewerage in coastal areas. The wreckage left behind would be enough to fill 1m refuse trucks.
The Pacific north-west is not the only region with a problem. The United States Geological Survey (USGS), a scientific agency of the federal government, says there is a 99.7% chance that California will suffer a quake larger than magnitude 6.7 in the next 30 years. The Southern San Andreas Fault line, which runs close to Los Angeles, is the most likely place for a large quake. The Los Angeles metropolitan area has taken steps to brace itself for shaking. In 2015 the city council passed a law requiring around 13,500 apartment buildings to be retrofitted to withstand earthquakes. It gave the owners of wood-framed apartment buildings seven years to reinforce them, while the owners of concrete structures got 25. In 2017 Santa Monica and West Hollywood, two municipalities next to Los Angeles, also adopted mandatory retrofit measures. Implementing the laws will not be straightforward. Property owners have to find a way to meet the costs upfront, which range from $60,000 to $130,00 for wood buildings to millions of dollars for concrete towers.
There is one glaring way in which Los Angeles, the west coast and America as a whole lag behind other quake-prone nations: it has no early-warning system. Mexico, Japan, Turkey, Romania, China, Italy, and Taiwan all boast systems to warn residents of imminent earthquakes. In Mexico, alerts allowed residents to rush out of buildings that were likely to collapse, and to seek cover, before an 8.2-magnitude quake shook the country’s southern coast in September 2017. In Japan, every resident with a mobile phone receives a text message warning of imminent quakes. Even a few seconds’ notice can mean “a doctor taking his scalpel out of a patient, a dentist removing his drill and manufacturers shutting off equipment that leads to fires or spills”, says Lucy Jones, a seismologist.
Later this year, after 12 years of research and development, Shake Alert, an earthquake early-warning system designed eventually to work up and down America’s west coast, will be turned on. But at least for now it will only be available on a limited basis. Douglas Given, the earthquake early-warning co-ordinator at USGS, says about half the necessary stations have been completed. USGS has said it will cost $38.3m to complete the system and $16m a year to operate it.
“Virtually everybody who hears about it says ‘Gee! That seems awfully cheap, why don’t we just do it?’” Mr Given adds. But securing even that much funding has been difficult. The budget proposed by the president last summer sought to eliminate all federal money for Shake Alert. A congressional committee later blocked the cuts, allowing construction to continue. California’s budget for the next fiscal year proposes contributing $15m to the system, but more financing is needed. “Unlike in Japan, where earthquakes are a national priority, in America earthquakes are viewed as a west-coast problem,” laments Mr Given. Adam Schiff, a congressman from the Los Angeles area who has pushed for the alert system, agrees. “Were we to have a devastating earthquake in California tomorrow,” he muses, “there would be the will for relief efforts. But we shouldn’t wait for that.”
This article appeared in the United States section of the print edition under the headline "Ten per cent"

domain: geography


Lorenz Park is a municipality located in the Hudson NY metropolitan area, which is part of New York, United States.
Lorenz Park is reasonably quiet overall, as the streets tend to be tranquil - however some parts can be quite noisy, especially close to the railway line.
Single detached homes are the predominant housing type, representing around 60% of buildings in Lorenz Park, and the rest of the properties are mainly small apartment buildings and mobile homes. This municipality is primarily composed of two bedroom and three bedroom homes. Home owners occupy around three quarters of the properties in the municipality while the rest are rented. The median year of construction for houses in this part of the Hudson NY metropolitan area is 1969.
It is usually an option for home buyers in Lorenz Park to purchase groceries by walking. There are also a limited number of choices for those who care about close by restaurants and cafes. When it comes to education, it is a reasonably short walk to get to high schools from most properties for sale in this municipality. In contrast, this part of the Hudson NY metropolitan area does not have any primary schools.
This municipality is an extraordinarily good part of the Hudson NY metropolitan area for traveling by car. It is very easy to find a parking spot. However, it is difficult for people walking to get around in Lorenz Park since few daily errands can be run on foot.


text:
Concord, CA – The Pinza Group, the leading East Bay Multifamily Sales Brokerage, and 2018’s Top Multifamily Sales Brokerage in the East Bay (according to CoStar) has announced the sale of an eleven unit apartment building in Concord located at 1835 Robin Ln-The Gil Apartments. Steven Pinza, Esq, represented the Buyer and Seller on the sale which Pinza sold for $2,982,000 after receiving multiple offers
The Gil Apartments presented a rare opportunity for an investor to purchase eleven 2bd/2bth units of approximately 800 square feet and in great condition. The property is within 10-20% of market rents, making this a unique opportunity where an owner will not have to do significant rent increases to achieve significant cash flow. Further, unlike other multifamily properties available in the area, this property has undergone significant renovations and will not need any capital improvement expenditure. Said renovations include but is not limited to, fresh paint, dual pane windows, asphalt, landscaping & mulch, security camera system, private & automatic security gate, and exterior lighting.
The property also has coin operated laundry which generates significant income, as well as private tenant storage, a manager’s office, and a huge owner’s storage unit. There is also on site tenant and guest parking which generates income now and can be increased in the future.
About The Pinza Group, Inc.
The Pinza Group, Inc was named as the 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018 Top Real Estate Sales Brokerage by CoStar, and is the only privately held investment real estate brokerage to receive the prestigious award in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017. The Pinza Group is a full service investment real estate sales firm located in Walnut Creek, California.
Founded in 2013, The Pinza Group is a leader in investment real estate sales with over 125 apartment sales in the last 24 months. The Pinza Group is an investment real estate brokerage built on a strong foundation of integrity, dedication, and experience which allows us to provide significant value to existing and future clients. Since The Pinza Group focuses exclusively on investment real estate, all of our efforts and resources are spent researching, brokering, and underwriting commercial properties in the East Bay. The Pinza Group has devoted significant resources to build an effective list of owners, investors, and brokers in the area which has allowed us to create an innovative marketing platform allowing us to deliver incredible value to both owners and investors. For more information on off market investments, an estimate of value, or for free real estate advice please visit: www.pinzagroup.com or firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: economics


text:
Girls Room Escape 2
Submitted by: RM
Use the following steps to complete the game.
"0" is on the pink ball at the left.
"G" is on the bed's edge.
"R" is in the third drawer of the bed.
"L" is in the third white part of the cabinet.
"I" is on the window.
"O" is at the photograph of the ball on the top shelf.
"M" is behind the yellow box on the shelf.
"S" is behind the pens on the desk.
"R" is near the foot of the chair.
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The MCU variable is used in avr-gcc for compilation, and must be set to the right microcontroller model. After many hours of routing, I came up with this compact, symmetric design using the integrated USB connector. Lufa 20 lufa lightweight usb framework for avrs, formerly known as myusb is my first foray into the world of usb. Soldering really small packages to a board is incredibly difficult, and one of the main reasons is the initial positioning of the IC. The board then shows up as ATmega16U2 under libusb-win32 devices when the bootloader is running.
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The project files are arranged as follows. I have 7 afmega16u4 that i want to be able to easily boot from using a usb stick and they are. On pure hardware alone, a device without the FTDI chip is cheaper and can be faster.
Atmel MCU 8bit AVR 16k Flash USB 44tqfp Atmega16u4-au
A power LED automatically lights up when the board is powered – a nice feature to have. Socket card for pins QFN 0.
The evaluation tool is shipped with preloaded firmware that supports temperature sensing, light measurement, voltage readings and music playback. How to restore the arduino uno r3 atmega16u2 firmware using. Simply connect it to a computer with a usb cable or.
The mojo loader program reports mojo did not respond. Soldering really small packages to a board is incredibly difficult, and one of the main reasons is the initial positioning of the IC. I had an issue with their download server, but they have a.
The teensy is interesting, but it is a commercial non open source project Googling around I found the AVRopendous project http: A complete starter kit and development system for the 8bit and 32bit avr microcontrollers that gives designers a quick start to develop code on the avr, with advanced features for prototyping and testing new designs.
One of the examples is how to flash the usb chip on the arduino uno and there is great information and pictures. One important note is that the entire chip has to be erased before you can run other commands on it.
Generic socketcard for devices in TQFP32 package, 0. The following command does this and clears the lock bits in flash memory: Hardware or Software USB? For windows7 it can be used in hid mode with avrdude command prompt as programming interface. A completely custom LUFA application would use the low-level modules to interact directly with hardware, and a custom driver on the host to communicate with the device.
By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, allowing you to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
It aatmega16u4 in system programming isp for developers and potentially product updates in the field. The Eagle libraries also include supply parts which make it easier to create VCC and GND atmeag16u4 by dropping parts instead of naming nets.
One usb starter kit will allow you to load as many usb keyfob miniprogrammers as you want. I realise it means to write a new bootloader among other things but it is feasible nevertheless.
Nex avr usb isp stkv2 is a high speed usb powered stkv2 compatible insystem usb programmer for avr family of microcontrollers.
For the keyboard, this is simply which keys are being pressed. We need some way to re-activate ahmega16u4 bootloader to program the board. Avr usb keyfob programmer field service pack kanda.
This Makefile uses the LUFA build system, which requires some variables to be set properly but otherwise handles both the building and uploading. My buttons are connected to pins 1, 4, and 7 on port D, so the implementation is straightforward. The hsb kit comes complete with a usb keyfob miniprogrammer. Lufa 20 lufa lightweight usb framework for avrs, formerly known as myusb is my first foray into the world of usb.
Atmel MCU 8bit AVR 16k Flash USB 44tqfp Atmega16u4-au | eBay
They’re not Arduino clones, but they come very close, and they prove that it can be done. The first time I programmed the board, I saw the following dreaded message. The LED code is shown below.

domain: hobby


text:
You may have heard a heck of a lot about these make-up brushes, but you may also have heard nothing at all.
For those of you who don't know much about Zoeva brushes or those of you who just want to know what they are like- keep reading!
Firstly, how beautiful is the packaging? I am a sucker for rose gold things even though I prefer wearing silver. The rose gold hardware near the bristles and on the writing just add that extra bit of class.
102| Silk Finish
127| Luxe Sheer Cheek
110| Face Shape
142| Concealer Buffer
227| Soft Definer
231| Petite Crease
213| Wing Liner
The face brushes are dense but super soft and I actually found that my previous (cheap off eBay) brushes just moved the product around my face leaving stripy brush marks, whereas these just buff the product effortlessly into my skin. I actually thought it was my foundation that was wrong for my skin- it just goes to show that if you have the right tools to start with you can create a more flawless make-up look.
The 'pick up' and 'put down' of these brushes is amazing and I found that I definitely didn't need as much product as I usually did (which was actually wasting product as it was still in the bristles of my previous brushes).
This set has both natural hair and synthetic taklon bristles making them ideal for liquid, cream and powder products.
I thought I'd show you my first make-up look, personally I was super impressed with my foundation application- the brush just seemed to blend it perfectly.
For some of you who know the Mac 266 brush, I will say that the Zoeva Wing Liner is softer around the eyes and in my opinion make applying eye shadow around the lash line more comfortable. However, as the Mac 266 is more sturdy I do prefer this for my eyebrows.
I hope that this review helps those of you interested in the Zoeva brushes. I would say that they are a great set of high quality brushes, especially when you are first getting started and would highly recommend these to anyone.
What are your opinions and impressions of these brushes? What brushes would you recommend?
Love Claudia xx
Keep up with what I'm up to:


text:
In its lead editorial Wednesday, The New York Times called upon Congress to amend the National Emergency Act to “erect a wall against any President, not just Mr. Trump, who insists on creating emergencies where none exist.”
Trump “took advantage” of a “loophole” in the NEA, said The Times, to declare “a crisis at the border, contrary to all evidence.”
The Times news desk, however, apparently failed to alert the editorial page on what the top story would be that day.
“Record Numbers Crossing to U.S., Deluging Agents” was the page-one headline. The Times quoted Kevin K. McAleenan, commissioner of Customs and Border Protection: “The system is well beyond capacity, and remains at the breaking point. … This is … a border security and a humanitarian crisis.”
Reporter Caitlin Dickerson explained what is behind CPB’s alarm: “The number of migrant families crossing the Southwest border has once again broken records, with unauthorized entries nearly double what they were a year ago.”
She continued, “More than 76,000 migrants crossed the border without authorization in February, an 11-year high … newcomers continue to arrive, sometimes by the busload, at the rate of 2,200 a day.”
Only if one believes in open borders is this not an emergency, not a crisis. Consider the budgetary impact alone of this invasion.
The majority of migrants breaching the border are from Mexico and Central and South America. Most do not read, write or speak our English language, are not college graduates and arrive with few skills.
Almost all will enter the half of the U.S. population that consumes more in social benefits during their lifetime than they will ever pay in taxes.
With the U.S. debt over 100 percent of gross domestic product and the deficit running at nearly 5 percent of GDP, at full employment, the burden the migrant millions are imposing upon our social welfare state will one day collapse the system. For these folks are coming to a country where education K-12 is free and where, if the Democrats take over, pre-K though college will be free.
These folks will be eligible for city, county, state and federal programs that provide free or subsidized food, rent, housing and health care.
All were enacted for the benefit of U.S. citizens. Uninvited, the Third World is coming to partake of and enjoy them.
With 328 million people here now, approaching twice the number as in 1960, how many more can we take in before government sinks under the weight of its beneficiaries?
And there is a larger issue.
If, as appears probable, President Trump is not going to be able to build his wall and all the security measures taken in this century have proved inadequate to stanch the invasion of America, how does the invasion end?
Or is this the endless invasion, where the future is decided on our 1,900-mile border with Mexico and we, as the last superpower, are a pitiful, helpless giant too morally paralyzed to stop it?
The resolution and determination of Third World peoples to come to America, even if they have to break our laws to get in and stay, is proven.
And if there is no matching national will to halt the invasion, and no truly effective means that would be acceptable to our elites, the migrants are never going to stop coming. And why should they?
Politically, this invasion means the inevitable death of the national Republican Party, as peoples of color, who vote 70-90 percent Democratic in presidential elections, become the new majority of 21st-century America.
The bell will toll for the Grand Old Party when Texas votes like California in some presidential election. That is game, set, match.
What is remarkable is how our cultural elites are giddily embracing what most of the advanced world is recoiling from.
The Times that berates Trump for trying to secure the border with his wall constantly bewails the rise of ethnic nationalism, populism, tribalism and “illiberal democracies” in Europe. But the rising “isms” of the new Europe are driven by popular fear and loathing of the very future The Times cannot wait to embrace.
Japan’s population of 127 million, the second oldest on Earth, has begun to shrink. But there seems to be no desire in Japan to import millions of East or South Asians or Africans to replace the vanishing Japanese.
Does China look upon its diversity as its greatest strength?
Hardly. Beijing is repopulating Tibet with Han Chinese, and has set up “re-education camps” to de-program Uighur Muslims and Kazakhs in the west so they sever their birth attachments to their ethnicity and faith and convert into good communists.
In the U.S., the ball is now in Trump’s court.
If he cannot get a Democratic House to fund his wall and the forces now on the border are being overwhelmed by the migrants, as CPB reports, how does he propose to halt the invasion?
And if he does not stop it, who will? And what does failure mean for America’s future as one nation and one people?