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Fastcase’s “Public Library of Law”: A Review
“We launched PLoL in February 2008 as a resource for non-lawyer researchers. We saw lots of journalists, business owners, students, and pro se litigants signing up for free trials of Fastcase, and thought there should be a simple, free resource for them that fit their needs.
The idea was to empower people to educate themselves as best they could — not in place of a lawyer, but more likely before or in conjunction with professional legal help.
We wanted to build a library for law like WebMD was for medicine.
Nobody uses WebMD instead of going to a doctor, but it can empower people to take better care of themselves in conjunction with their doctor.
At its launch, it was the biggest free law library on the Web (a claim we need to update with the launch of the terrific material on Google Scholar).”
Without hesitation, I decided to put PLoL to the test while comparing it to its main competitor, Google Scholar.
- Direct links to state constitutions and websites.
- Very simple user interface, which allows easy movement between searching for state constitutions and case law.
- Nice aggregation of already free sources in one place such as state court rules and statutes.
- For state courts, free decisions only go back to 1997.
- You must register for a free account.
- Many decisions are not available for free, but must be paid for through a subscription to Fastcase. Thus, it acts somewhat like a marketing gimmick. In every case that I’ve accessed, there is a banner stating, “Find related cases fast! Fastcase has specialized tools to help you identify other cases that cite this one, using powerful citation analysis tools. When you find the right case, save it in your personal library or print it in Word, PDF or RTF, in easy-reading dual-column format. Click here to get the tools the pros use.” This is somewhat irritating after some time.
- All cases that show up in the search results are truly free! Plus, there’s great highlighting of key terms and suggestions on how to cite the case.
- You can create an email alert on new cases that fit your search parameters.
- Free cases go back very far back.
- You would often need to jump back and forth with the regular Google search and the Scholar version to get access to statutes and case law.
- PLoL puts up new case law faster.
So, while PLoL puts up a good fight in trying to engage in friendly competition with Google Scholar, it is unable to quite succeed mainly because it cannot quite forget that it’s sponsor is a for-profit company in the business of selling access to case law. Although there has definitely been good intentions by PLoL, this remains an insurmountable crutch, which is likewise the case for other free versions of pay sites such as FindLaw and LexisOne. However, in defense of the latter two, the commercial nature of its parent company is not so blatantly obvious as in the case of PLoL.
To be blunt, I’ve experimented with other free versions of pay sites and, all in all, none have come close to providing the same resources and ease of use as Google Scholar. Earlier I have suggested one possible reason for this and I wonder to what extent this is actually true. On one hand, it is somewhat ridiculous to expect full and excellent access to a free version of case law and statutes when a pay version exists. On the other hand, does this make these initiatives for free versions of pay sites, self-defeating? And, with a foe like Google, does it become a waste of resources for these companies to offer these free sites? When individuals like myself find myself roadblocked with inherent limitations from these free site versions, I become very skeptical of whatever search result I do receive. Is it recent? Is it still good case law? Do I have all of the cases on point? Despite the inherent limitations in Google Scholar, the combination of the Google name and the appearance of many cases in a relatively timely manner, some of those aforementioned concerns become less of an issue. Should we place the burden of producing and archiving all case law be on the government to ensure accuracy and free access to the general public? After all, even though we generally trust Westlaw and LexisNexis, there is always a disclaimer at the end of each document stating that there is guarantee that the work produced by them is similar to the authoritative government works.

domain: law


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What does “no-fault insurance” mean?
In jurisdictions like Ontario, “no-fault insurance” allows all injured parties to seek compensation and/or accident benefits following an automobile accident regardless of who caused the accident. Past and future income loss and future medical treatments may also be claimed either from your own or the other driver’s insurance companies. Since the no-fault insurance system is so complex and because every accident is unique, it is imperative to speak to a qualified legal representative about your case as soon as possible.
The Morris Law Group has been practising personal injury law for more than 60 years and is experienced in all of the intricacies of automobile accident injuries and Ontario’s no-fault insurance system.
View more FAQs


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The third edition, first issue of African Game Trails by Theodore Roosevelt.
Octavo, xxiii, , 583pp. Original green ribbed cloth, title in gilt on spine and cover. Includes “Scribner’s Seal” on copyright page. Frontispiece portrait of Roosevelt. Some separation to endpaper at seam of front cover. Rubbing to cloth, primarily along spine. Includes map of the route Roosevelt took through Africa and numerous other illustrated plates. Cover illustrations are vibrant with minimal loss of color or gilt. (Cole & Vail, A29e)
This third edition, published the same year as the first edition, is distinguishable by the green ribbed cloth and gilt lettering. The first edition, first issue, was not released in green cloth. The second printing of the third edition has the lettering in all black.

domain: literature


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top of page
Use tab to navigate through the menu items.
LEARN MORE AND REGISTER FOR Snowboard Camps & Events Throughout the Maritimes this winter!
0 DAYS TO THE EVENT
Mont Farlagne Camp & Rail Jam
Feb 24, 2024, 8:30 a.m.
Experience an immersive day of snowboarding at the Maritime Jibbers Progression Camp & Rail Jam. This is a friendly event open to riders of all ages and skill levels. Over $1,000 in PRIZES!
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domain: hobby


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FishUSA Trolling Rod
Select from the models below
FishUSA Trolling Rods were designed by FishUSA Pro Staff to offer premium trolling rods at an affordable price. These rods utilize high-quality components including fiberglass blanks, stainless steel Evolve guides, and Evolve reel seats.CP models are specially constructed for copper trolling and feature heavy-duty reel seats and ultra-durable guides.EVA handles are found on the PL models to provide exceptional gripping ability and all-day comfort. The telescoping planer board model comes with heat shrink grips for good gripping and easy cleaning. These rods are excellent choices for steelhead, salmon, lake trout, and walleye trolling applications. With performance and quality matching more expensive rods at just a fraction of the price, FishUSA Trolling Rods are going to be your new favorite series of trolling rods!
- Japanese T-Glass blank on PL and TELE models
- Fiberglass blank on CP model
- Blue gloss and matte blank finish with silver thread wraps
- Triangular-shaped EVA foregrip on PL models
- EVA reargrip on PL models
- Heat-shrink fore and reargrips on TELE model
- Stainless steel Evolve guides
- Evolve reel seat
- Heavy-duty reel seat on CP model
- One-year warranty through FishUSA
Ratings & Reviews
FishUSA 8'6 Trolling Rods
by Wetsleeves -
Awesome rods!!! I made the switch from some stiffer trolling rods and I must say I love the lighter action tips of these rods, they really shine on rough days on big water. Handles large walleyes boat side in very nasty conditions with ease.. No longer have to fear hooks pulling boat side
Impressed with this rod
by browntroutnywatershed -
Well I just got these and first let me thank FishUsa,,for honoring the buy one get one free,,Just great people doing a great job! I have had other telescopic rods in the past and first let me let everyone know I use them with 3-7colors of lead and a long mono/flouro leader on local lakes in a rowboat no motors with great success. This is the tele 8,6m,,that my first look and feel is this is a very light feel and seems to have enough backbone with also a very sensitive tip section. The only thing I am concerned with is the stainless guides as far as wearing or grooving. Otherwise very much worth trying to anyone that trolls lead or mono.
Great Rod for the price!
by Webby -
Bought this rod for trolling and it does a great job.


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Search pinkbeckie's books
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Before I Fall by Lauren Oliver
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Night World No. 3: Huntress, Black Dawn, Witchlight by L.J. Smith
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Banished by Sophie Littlefield
The Serial Killer's Daughter by Heywood Gould
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A Natural Prebiotic that encourages the growth of friendly bacteria in the bowel.
This product consists of a special soluble fiber called Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), which is found in many vegetables such as chicory and onions. When you take FOS it passes through your digestive system undigested until it reaches your bowel where the friendly bacteria use it as a food source. The result is a rapid growth in the ‘friendly’ bacteria, such as Bifidobacterial and Lactobacillus species.
After just 2 weeks of taking 8g of FOS daily, research has shown that it can significantly increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the gut by up to 10 times which explains why FOS is described as a ‘prebiotic’. Many researchers working in this area believe that prebiotic products are greatly undervalued compared to the popularity of probiotics.
FOS is extracted from chicory roots and is suitable for all ages, including children and pregnant women, as well as those on yeast-free diets and those on medication, and can be used on a long term basis. It is a sweet soluble powder that can be mixed in to cold or hot drinks, sprinkled on cereals or eaten off the spoon.
|Ingredient||Per 30g||Per 30g with S S Milk|
- No classifications for this product

domain: biology


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Jordan Curtis Hughes is a London-based photographer with a knack for shooting live music. Be it the dingy back room of a pub or inside an international arena, Jordan’s ability to capture the distinctive character of a performance, whatever the genre, is second to none. Having had his photographs published in the States, Japan and the UK, as well as securing a freelance spot with NME at the tender age of seventeen, Jordan has a natural talent for bringing photography and music together. YGT caught up with him to talk roots, music and new projects…
How did you get into music photography?
My cousin had always played in a band, my uncle had always been a DJ and I guess I just wanted to be involved with music. I could never play an instrument and I definitely couldn’t sing so I guess photography was my only way into the industry.
To be honest, it’s only recently that I’ve been exploring other areas of photography other than live music. I think I was given my first press pass when I was 14 years old and started working for NME at 17 so I didn’t have any time prior to that to explore other avenues.
What inspires you as a creative, what are your greatest influences?
I think what inspires me is anybody that’s willing to go against the grain with their ideas, no matter what industry they’re in; whether that’s fashion, literature, film, music or photography. I love Paul Smith as a designer and George Orwell as a writer, for instance.
At the moment my biggest influence is probably Kanye West – he’s constantly pushing boundaries with what you can do with hip-hop and visuals in music. I went and watched his new song with a visual being projected onto a wall in Covent Garden and Brick Lane to promote his new album. No press. No lead single. No pre-orders. Just 66 projections across the globe and ‘June 18′ written on his Twitter. I also went to two of his shows at the Hammersmith Apollo a few months back and his visuals absolutely blew me away. He gets a lot of hate but I think he’ll be seen as a very important figure for music and the arts in general in the future.
What about your processes, what kind of cameras do you shoot with?
Post-processing and ‘gear talk’ are probably the only thing I dislike about being a music photographer. I use Lightroom and Macs to process my images and shoot everything on a Nikon. If my camera is capturing the images I’m imagining in my head then I’m cool with that. When people try to talk to me about photography gear I tend to just nod my head and smile to be polite as I find it a little boring. Sorry tech guys.
How did you start working with NME?
I remember messaging bands on Myspace when I was 14 practically begging for photo passes and reeling off the bands I had shot before (I hadn’t shot many) to impress them. Sometimes it worked. Sometimes they never replied. I quickly realized that you wouldn’t get a reply to 90% of the emails you send out so I sent loads. Through Myspace I managed to photograph some of my favourite bands as a kid such as The Bouncing Souls, New Found Glory and The Gaslight Anthem. I quickly built up a nice little portfolio of badly shot images and the wonderful Steve Gerrard offered me a chance to shoot for Birmingham Live! – a website that reviews live shows in and around the area of Birmingham.
My first shoot was for OFWGKTA where I was told by Tyler that he’d kick me in the face if I didn’t move after shooting two songs. Welcome to music photography, eh? Through Birmingham Live! Steve managed to sort out some big profile shows for me and my portfolio grew stronger and stronger. I began shooting the likes of Stereophonics, Tinie Tempah and Tinchy Stryder for them.
Then the NME Amateur Photography Awards popped up in 2011. To cut a very long story short I ended up coming 2nd in the 15-17 year old category and went to see my photo in an exhibition at the 02 Arena where I met some of the NME staff. I spoke to Zoe, the picture editor at the event and managed to blag a week’s work experience at the office.
Whilst I was in the office I photographed Example at Shepherd’s Bush Empire off my own back. I then showed Zoe and the picture desk my shots from the night and I was offered a freelance contract right there on the spot. You have no idea how stoked I was. It wasn’t until I moved to London last September that the NME work really started to come through. I recently just shot my first feature for them which was published 19th June. That’s a very pared down version of my story so far – it excludes all the phone calls and emails, all the no’s and the struggles.
Who are your favourite artists to listen to and photograph?
As I mentioned earlier Kanye West is probably my favourite artist I’m listening to at the moment. I’m also listening to Merchandise, Bago, Sharks, Gabrielle Aplin and Maverick Sabre. I always tell people that you can see in my pictures if I’ve enjoyed the show or not – it also makes a huge difference if the band are having fun and not just going through the motions.
I photographed a band called The Weeks in the back of a pub the other day and had probably one of the most enjoyable shoots of my career. Photographing JLS at the LG Arena was probably was one of least enjoyable. What I’m trying to say is that it doesn’t matter about the scale of the show or the genre of the music if the bands are genuinely having a blast I tend to have a blast too.
Which artists would you most like to work with?
I’d love work with Jay-Z, Mike Skinner and Kanye West creatively. I’d love to tour with Green Day. And I desperately want to shoot Dillinger Escape Plan and Eminem live.
Have you met any of your heroes?
I met Mike Skinner at XOYO in London when I photographed his new band The D.O.T a few months back. That was cool. The Streets are the best thing to have ever come out of my lovely hometown of Birmingham. I’ve come to realise that all of these music heroes we have are actually all just normal people though, so I try not to hold anybody up too much, you know?
What has been your best experience as a creative?
Quitting my day job was the scariest and most fulfilling thing I’ve ever done.
Do you have anything exciting planned for this year?
I’m hoping to be at a few festivals with NME throughout the summer that I’m looking forward to – they’re always good fun. Hopefully get on tour a few times before the end of the year and yeah, as most freelancers will tell you there’s loads in the pipeline. Last year I lived in Australia and I realized that I hadn’t seen any of Europe so I’m also hoping to carry on travelling Europe throughout the year whenever I get any time off and take some travelling shots on my film camera. I think I’m going to Monaco for my 20th birthday.
Find more here
Words: Emily Beeson | @younggoldteeth

domain: artistic


Urgent government legislation reinstating offshore processing centres for asylum seekers has cleared parliament's lower house, but not before it was criticised by some MPs.
Only two MPs, independent Andrew Wilkie and Adam Bandt from the Australian Greens, voted against the bill.
Labour and coalition MPs sat side by side to support measures that will allow the government to reinstate processing centres on Nauru and Manus Island in Papua New Guinea.
Immigration Minister Chris Bowen said it was important the bill passed the lower house on Wednesday and that it proceed expeditiously through the Senate.
"The Australian people expect no less and the people smugglers fear nothing more," he told parliament before the vote.
But Labour MP Melissa Parke earlier warned keeping asylum seekers on Nauru and Manus Island for protracted periods could cause severe mental health problems.
Ms Parke said she would not be doing her duty on behalf of her constituents and fellow Labour party members, if she didn't "convey a deep sense of discomfort they and I feel regarding specific aspects of the path we are embarking on today in parliament".
"Cruel to be kind is a cliché that I'm not sure is ever actually justified," she told parliament.
"There are strong concerns about the devastating consequences, including severe mental health issues of detention of asylum seekers for indeterminate periods on Nauru and Manus Island."
The measures being debated were "at the lower end of what we are capable of as a nation".
Ms Parke said Australia strived for excellence in so many areas.
"Here, we have not excelled."
The former international lawyer reminded parliament of Australia's international legal obligations to assess the claims of people who arrive seeking asylum, regardless of the manner of their arrival.
Liberal MP Judi Moylan said the measures being debated would hand "unfettered power" to the immigration minister.
They would allow the transfer of asylum seekers to third countries without consideration of the adequacy of human rights laws.
"This bill strips out the ordinary protections of law which have previously been afforded to people found to be refugees," she said.
The measures also would mean that people taking the risky boat journey would wait the same amount of time as if they were waiting in Malaysia or Indonesia.
"In a practical sense, this may be an entire lifetime," she said.
She also expressed "grave reservations" about how the bill may impact on unaccompanied minors.
The measures create a disallowable instrument, meaning either house of parliament could vote against a particular place being used for offshore processing.
Opposition immigration spokesman Scott Morrison said that created a very significant responsibility.
"It is now this parliament that is the arbiter of protections for people who are processed offshore," he said.
Earlier, the house rejected an opposition amendment that called on the government to restore temporary protection visas and issue defence with instructions to turn back asylum seeker boats where it was safe to do so.
MPs also rejected a Greens amendment that limits the bill's measures to 12 months.
The Migration Legislation Amendment (Offshore Processing and Other Measures) Bill 2011 now goes to the Senate for consideration.


PM prepares to face MPs over Syria as Labour calls for a change in law
Theresa May will face criticism later for bypassing parliament to join weekend air strikes against Syria, with some lawmakers calling for a potentially damaging vote on her future strategy.
May, who has regained confidence after winning support for her tough stance on Syria and Russia, will make a statement to parliament on her decision to join the United States and France in Saturday's strikes in retaliation for a suspected gas attack.
She will repeat Saturday's assertion that Britain was "confident in our own assessment that the Syrian regime was highly likely responsible" and that it could not wait "to alleviate further humanitarian suffering caused by chemical weapons attacks", according to excerpts of her speech.
But she will be grilled over why she broke with a convention to seek parliamentary approval for the action, a decision that she and her ministers say was driven by the need to act quickly.
Much of the criticism will come from opposition lawmakers, but the prime minister may also have to work hard to defend her speed of action to members of her own Conservative Party who had wanted parliament recalled.
Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the main opposition Labour Party, has questioned the legal basis for Britain's involvement.
"She could have recalled parliament last week ... or she could have delayed until tomorrow, when parliament returns," Corbyn, a veteran peace campaigner, said on Sunday.
"I think what we need in this country is something more robust, like a War Powers Act, so governments do get held to account by parliament for what they do in our name," he told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show.
Britain has said there are no plans for future strikes against Syria, but foreign minister Boris Johnson warned President Bashar al-Assad that all options would be considered if chemical weapons were used against Syrians again.
Corbyn's drive for legislation to limit the government's power to launch future military action may win support in parliament, where some Conservatives have expressed fear of fuelling an escalation in Syria.
Despite winning international backing, May, who has weathered questions over her leadership due to Brexit and party scandals, has a precarious position in parliament after losing the Conservatives' majority in an ill-judged election in June.
She now relies on the support of a small Northern Irish party, which has supported the action in Syria, and has tried to dodge votes that might not go her way.
Her predecessor, David Cameron, lost a vote on air strikes against Assad's forces in 2013, with many in Britain wary of entering another conflict, especially after an inquiry concluded that then-prime minister Tony Blair's decision to join the 2003 U.S.-led war against Iraq was based on flawed intelligence.
It was not clear whether Labour or other opposition parties would be able to force an emergency debate after May's statement, or whether the speaker in the House of Commons would grant what one party source called a "meaningful vote".
But in a sign that the government fears it could lose, one lawmaker said on condition of anonymity that the party's whips, charged with maintaining voting discipline, had made clear that Conservatives should vote with the government.
May will also apply for an emergency debate to give lawmakers "an extended opportunity to discuss the military action", her office said, in what could be an attempt to draw the sting out of any opposition motion for the same.
James Cleverly, deputy chairman of the Conservative Party, said even if May had recalled parliament, she could not have presented lawmakers with the full range of intelligence because of its sensitivity.Published: by Radio NewsHub


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Papa John’s Gluten-Free Crust is made with Ancient Grains, specifically sorghum, teff, amaranth and quinoa, and is currently being tested in Papa John’s locations across Los Angeles , Phoenix , St. Louis , Houston and Nashville .
Is Papa John’s gluten free pizza actually gluten-free?
Although the dough is gluten-free (it’s made of quinoa, sorghum, teff, and amaranth), the chain “doesn’t recommend” the pizza for those who have celiac disease or are gluten intolerant. …
How many carbs are in Papa John’s gluten-free crust?
|Crust Type||Original Crust||Gluten Free|
|Pizza Size||Pizza for One||N/A|
Is gluten free pizza crust healthier?
The benefits to gluten-free diets for those without necessary gluten avoidances are still being studied. However, for those that need to cut gluten from their diet, gluten-free pizzas are certainly a healthy option, and aren’t any less healthy than Fresh Brothers’ other nutritious pizza options!
Does Papa John’s gluten-free crust have eggs?
They do have a gluten-free crust, but it does contain dairy (and eggs). Because cheese is used in abundance, find out if they can accommodate a safe preparation zone to help prevent cross-contamination, if needed.
Which chain has the best gluten-free pizza?
Best Gluten Free Pizza Chain Menus
- Amici’s Gluten Free Menu. …
- Boston Pizza Gluten Free Menu. …
- Dominos Pizza Gluten Free Menu. …
- Donatos Gluten Free Menu. …
- Extreme Pizza Gluten Free Menu. …
- Figaro Gluten Free Menu. …
- Garlic Jims Gluten Free Menu. …
- Gatti’s Pizza Gluten Free Menu.
Is Papa John’s gluten-free crust any good?
The gluten free crust is crispy and good. The pizza only comes in one size and it’s very small for the price, but the option IS there. It isn’t safe for celiacs, only for gluten-sensitive people.
Does Papa Murphy’s have cauliflower crust?
Papa Murphy’s is now offering new, microwavable crustless pizzas featuring more of the fresh toppings and flavor you love, but without the crust. … You can get any Papa Murphy’s pizza crustless or you can build your own.
How much sugar is in Papa John’s gluten-free pizza?
|Calories 160||(669 kJ)|
|Total Carbohydrate||16 g||5%|
|Dietary Fiber||1 g||4%|
Does gluten-free make you gain weight?
“Many gluten-free products are high in calories, fat, and sugar while also being low in nutrients. When people go gluten free and eat too much of these highly processed, low-nutrient foods they’re likely to gain weight.
Does gluten-free pizza have less sugar?
#3: Better and more regulated insulin levels
By opting for a gluten-free pizza (and eventually the rest of your food choices), you’ll be consuming less scratch and processed ingredients, allowing your blood sugar levels to remain normal.
Does gluten-free really make a difference?
The fructan starches in wheat also support healthy bacteria in your digestive system, which in turn may reduce inflammation and promote health in other ways. One small study found that healthy people who follow a gluten-free diet for a month have significantly lower levels of healthy bacteria.

domain: food


Welcome to another edition of Project Rhythm Seed’s Free Music Friday. It’s a beautiful day in June; too beautiful to stay in the office. So we’re going to cut through the regular formalities and get right down to the music so that we can get out and enjoy ourselves. This week it’s all about Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros. We’re pleased to offer you a free download of a remix of a great song called “Man On Fire. We hope you enjoy it and we’ll see you next week for more.
Jun 15 2012


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We've alerted the city.
He almost nodded off, but a noise outside alerted him.
Quick steps from behind alerted Adrienne to the arrival of Michael.
Yully watched him, alerted by the same sense of uneasiness she felt around her father lately.
He drew near but stopped just out of arms. reach, alerted by her sharp tone.
We alerted the state police down there and now that the FBI is excited, there are a lot more eyes looking for him.
We were alerted only by the feel of the screwdriver's slack penetration.
Cynthia was waiting for Dean at Bird Song—a message left at the library had alerted her to Fred's arrest.
Tamer hadn't bothered to put on a shirt, appearing as if he'd leapt out of bed the moment the wards alerted him.
She was about to sneak away when A'Ran's sword lowered, and he turned, alerted by the boy's reaction.
She stared into the cup, alerted by his look.
A whisper soft movement in the night alerted her, and she held her breath, straining her eyes into the darkness.
My cell phone alerted me to a message.
"What is this instinct about Ne'Rin?" he continued, alerted by her words.
He had a feeling she wasn't sticking around and wondered what had alerted her.
Wynn faced her, alerted by the note in her voice.


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patent on paracetamol has long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available under the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, although certain Tylenol preparations were protected until 2007.
In animals, experimental stimulation of metabolic activation of paracetamol and glutathione depletion increases toxicity, while, conversely, toxicity is decreased by inhibition of paracetamol oxidation and stimulation of glutathione synthesis.
Paracetamol synthesis - Organic Chemistry - Science …
It is very desirable to develop manufacturing processes with less hazardous solvents. Ethyl acetate, alcohols and acetone are preferable to highly toxic solvents such as benzene, chloroform and trichloroethylene. Whenever possible, some materials should be avoided due to their physical properties, ecotoxicity or persistence in the environment (e.g., heavy metals, methylene chloride) (Crowl and Louvar 1990). Substituting aqueous washes for solvents during filtrations in bulk chemical production reduces liquid wastes and vapour emissions. Also, substituting aqueous for solvent-based solutions during tablet coating reduces environmental, health and safety concerns. Pollution prevention is promoted by improving and automating process equipment, as well as performing routine calibration, servicing and preventive maintenance. Optimizing organic synthesis reactions increases product yields, often decreasing the generation of wastes. Incorrect or inefficient temperature, pressure and material control systems cause inefficient chemical reactions, creating additional gaseous, liquid and solid wastes.
Acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Poisoning — NEJM
Pharmaceutical chemistry is becoming increasingly complex with multi-step processing, where the product from one step becomes a starting material for the next step, until the finished drug product is synthesized. Bulk chemicals which are intermediates of the finished product may be transferred between organic synthesis plants for various technical, financial and legal considerations. Most intermediates and products are produced in a series of batch reactions on a campaign basis. Manufacturing processes operate for discrete periods of time, before materials, equipment and utilities are changed to prepare for a new process. Many organic synthesis plants in the pharmaceutical industry are designed to maximize their operating flexibility, due to the diversity and complexity of modern medicinal chemistry. This is achieved by constructing facilities and installing process equipment that can be modified for new manufacturing processes, in addition to their utility requirements.
17/07/2008 · The Clinical Problem
Organic synthesis reactions may create major process safety risks from highly hazardous materials, fire, explosion or uncontrolled chemical reactions which impact the community surrounding the plant. Process safety can be very complex in organic synthesis. It is addressed in several ways: by examining the dynamics of chemical reactions, properties of highly hazardous materials, design, operation and maintenance of equipment and utilities, training of operating and engineering staff, and emergency preparedness and response of the facility and local community. Technical guidance is available on process hazard analysis and management activities to reduce the risks of chemical synthesis operations (Crowl and Louvar 1990; Kroschwitz 1992).
LIGHT SOURCES AND IMPORTANCE OF RELEASE
Generally, process safety concerns are less important during fermentation than during organic synthesis operations, since fermentation is primarily based upon aqueous chemistry and requires process containment during seed preparation and fermentation. Fire and explosion hazards may arise during solvent extractions; however, the flammability of solvents is reduced by dilution with water in filtration and recovery steps. Safety hazards (i.e., thermal burns and scalding) are posed by the large volumes of pressurized steam and hot water associated with fermentation operations.

domain: chemistry


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How Do You Get a Whale in Vermont?: The Unlikely Story of Vermont's Official State Fossil
How did the bones of a small, white whale end up burried ten feet beneath the rural Vermont farm field, two mountain ranges and over 200 miles from the nearest ocean? This was a question faced by Zadock Thompson, Vermont naturaist, as he examined a box of clay-caked bones in 1849. Illustrated, bibliography.
159 pp 2014 P $14.95

domain: library


The HAC-7 was a rifle designed in the 1980s, and only available for a short time before the Holloway Arms Company went out of business. It was designed as a military-style weapon, although what military contracts it may have hoped for I don’t know. The design concept was quite good, utilizing elements form the AR, AK, and FAL rifles (mostly the AK). It was chambered for the 7.62mm NATO cartridge, using aluminum waffle-stamped AR10 magazines modified with a notch in the spine for the HAC-7’s AK-style magazine catch.
Originally, plans were to offer the HAC-7 in a variety of configurations – left and right handed ejection, normal, carbine, and sniper barrels, full-auto versions, etc. The financial failure of the company prevented this from happening, though. In total, approximately 300 guns were made, including about 30 left-handed carbines, about 20 left-handed rifles, and a single sniper model. Twelve were set aside for manufacture as full-autos, but they were later assembled and sold as standard semi-auto versions instead. All the guns were equipped with side-folding stocks.
Thanks to a generous reader, we were able to borrow a HAC-7 for disassembly and some range testing, and put together a video on it:


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If you’ve caught the travel bug and want to explore some of the world’s most beautiful locations, you’ve come to the right place. Simply continue reading to discover the seven natural wonders of the world.
You’ll be able to start planning once in a lifetime trips, to each natural wonder, as each of the seven natural wonders of the world, should feature on every traveler’s bucket list.
The Seven Natural Wonders of the World
What are the seven natural wonders of the world? The seven natural wonders of the world are The Aurora Borealis, Rio de Janeiro, The Grand Canyon, The Great Barrier Reef, Mount Everest, Victoria Falls, and Niagara Falls.
1. The Aurora Borealis
The Aurora Borealis is a natural phenomenon, which is best described as a 100% natural light display that has to be seen to be believed. Imagine staring up at the dark, night sky and seeing bright colored lights swirling through the sky.
Typically you’ll see green and pink lines, that seem to be dancing in the sky above you. The Aurora Borealis is a direct result of disturbances in the Earth’s magnetosphere, which is caused by the solar wind.
In order to tick viewing Aurora Borealis off your bucket list, you’ll need to travel to a high latitude destination. Some of the best spots in the world to view the Northern Lights or the Aurora Borealis include Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Finland, Norway, and Iceland.
The best time to view the Aurora Borealis is from September to April. When the sky is dark enough to see the Aurora Borealis in all its glory.
Viewing the Aurora Borealis is a special event as you can’t predict when you’ll be able to see it. Even if you visit high altitude destinations such as Alaska or Canada at the right time, there is a chance that you may miss out on seeing the Northern Lights.
2. Rio de Janeiro
While Rio de Janeiro is not the capital of Brazil, it’s the most visited city in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro will take your breath away as it’s nestled between majestic mountains and some of the world’s most picturesque beaches.
On a trip to Rio de Janeiro, it’s worth sunbathing on Copacabana Beach and Ipanema Beach. Where you’ll spot locals playing beach soccer as soccer is by far, the most popular sport in Brazil.
For the best views of Rio de Janeiro, choose to catch a scenic cable car to the top of Mount Corcovado. Where you’ll also find Rio de Janeiro’s most iconic landmark, Christ the Redeemer, a massive art deco statue. It’s also well worth taking a second cable car to the top of Sugar Loaf Mountain. That is one of Rio de Janeiro’s most distinctive natural landmarks.
3. The Grand Canyon
Nothing will prepare you for the first time that you look over the edge of the Grand Canyon. The largest canyon in the world. Not only is it a mile deep, but it’s also 18 miles wide, and 277 miles long. In fact, it’s such a monumental sight, that each year 5.5 million individuals visit the Grand Canyon.
I highly recommend hiking through the canyon as well as taking a once of a lifetime, helicopter trip through the canyon itself. You can even take a cruise through the Colorado River, which snakes its way through the Grand Canyon. As by gazing up at the canyon, you’ll enjoy a unique perspective of the canyon, that not many tourists get to experience.
To experience one of the most spectacular sunsets or sunrises of your life, head to Liplan Point. Where you’ll be able to enjoy panoramic views of the canyon and the Colorado River.
4. The Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is the largest coral reef in the world. The Great Barrier Reef features over 2,900 reefs and covers 2,300 square kilometers. As well as being one of the greatest seven natural wonders of the world, it’s also a designated World Heritage Site.
To explore the Great Barrier Reef, head to the state of Queensland, in Australia. You’ll be able to book a boat trip to the Great Barrier Reef, where you can swim, snorkel and scuba dive. I also highly recommend booking a seaplane flight over Heart Reef. Here you’ll spot a natural coral reef, that is shaped like a love heart.
If you’re a keen scuba diver, make sure to visit Agincourt Reef. Agincourt Reef is one of the most spectacular spots in the Great Barrier Reef and boasts 16 distinctive dive spots.
If you enjoy traveling the world in style, the Whitsunday Islands, which are located within a stone’s throw of the reef’s most popular dive spots, offer plenty of luxurious, oceanfront resorts.
5. Mount Everest
Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world, above sea level. It’s located in the Himalayas. A breathtaking, mountain range in Nepal. You may be surprised to learn that the international border between China and Nepal runs across Mount Everest’s summit.
Mount Everest’s summit is located 8,848 meters above sea level, while K2, the second-highest mountain in the world is 8,611 meters above sea level.
Mount Everest is seen as one of the most challenging mountains to climb in the world. Climbing to its summit is a dangerous feat and over 300 people have lost their lives in the process. However, the first men to successfully reach its summit were Edmund Hillary, a New Zealand mountaineer, and his Sherpa guide, Tenzing Norway.
While you may not make it to Everest’s summit, it’s well worth hiking several days to Everest’s base camp.
6. Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls can be viewed from two different countries. Zimbabwe and Zambia. As it happens to be located on the border, between the two countries. Avoid trying to view the falls from Zambia between September and December, when the Zambia side of the falls dries up completely.
While Victoria Falls is not the tallest waterfall in the world, it has been deemed the largest waterfall in the world. It’s approximately 1,708 meters wide.
The first European to discover Victoria Falls is thought to have been David Livingstone. Who came across the falls in 1855. Livingstone was a Scottish explorer, who decided to name his discovery after the current British monarch, Queen Victoria.
However, Victoria Falls is also known by a local name Mosi-oa-Tunya, which translates to “the smoke that thunders”. Due to mist which is created by the massive waterfall.
7. Niagara Falls
Niagra Falls refers to three distinct waterfalls, that are located at the southern end of Niagra Gorge. The most visited is Horseshoe Falls. Horseshoe Falls is located on the border between Canada and the USA and is 167 feet tall or 51 meters tall.
When all 3 waterfalls are combined, they have the highest flow rate, of any waterfall in North America. During daylight hours, tourists can expect to see six million cubic feet of water, cresting over Niagra Falls, each minute.
Instead of viewing Niagara Falls from an observation deck, it’s worth booking a Niagara Falls boat ride. So that you’ll be able to get as close as possible to Horseshoe Falls. Just be prepared to get wet. Boats leave from the American side of Horseshoe Falls, every 15 minutes and each cruise lasts 20 minutes.
What do the seven natural wonders of the world have in common?
What is the most visited natural wonder of the world?
What is the least visited natural wonder of the world?
If you’re keen to visit other less visited natural wonders of the world, try to view the Aurora Borealis. Or plan an international trip to Victoria Falls. Due to its location, in Africa, it only attracts 1 million tourists per year. So you won’t have to fight for the perfect spot to take a photo of Victoria Falls.
Which natural wonder is the most unique?
If you’re passionate about exploring our spectacular world, make sure to add all seven of the stunning natural wonders which are listed above to your bucket list. I guarantee that each of the wonders that are listed above will take your breath away and will show you just how beautiful the world is.
So what are you waiting for? Pick the natural wonder that inspires you the most and start planning your next overseas adventure. After all, life is far too short, to put off your dreams.

domain: travel


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(vt Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman) US tv series (1993-current). Warner Bros./ABC. Pr Mel Efros, John MacNamara, Jim Michaels, Thania St John, Phillip J Sgriccia. Exec Pr Robert Butler, James A Contner, David Jacobs, Deborah Joy LeVine, Robert Singer. Dir Felix Enriquez Alcala and many others. Writers Hilary Bader and many others. Based on characters created by Jerry Siegel (1914-1996) and Joe Shuster (1914-1992). Developed by LeVine. Starring Dean Cain (Clark Kent/Superman), K Callan (Martha Kent), Teri Hatcher (Lois Lane), Eddie Jones (Jonathan Kent), Michael Landes (Jimmy Olsen 1993-1994), Tracy Scoggins (Cat Grant 1993-1994), John Shea (Lex Luthor), Lane Smith (Perry White), Justin Whalin (Jimmy Olsen 1994 onwards). 1 2hr and 42 1hr episodes to end of 1994-1995 season. Colour.
Several decades after The Adventures of Superman (1951-1957) and several years after Superboy (1988-1992), Superman returned with, this time, the focus on the complex love triangle between Lois, Clark and Superman. Though not quite as hare-brained as in earlier tv incarnations, Lois still finds ample opportunity to place herself in jeopardy in pursuit of a story. Overall, the approach worked reasonably well in the first season. Sensitive to criticism that the series was long on talk but short on action, the producers changed direction slightly for the next year, introducing more action elements. Lex Luthor, pivotal in the first series, was killed fleeing arrest, and Superman had to battle more villains who relied on muscles rather than brains. At the end of the second season Clark decided to reveal his secret to Lois and propose marriage, but the outcome has yet (March 1996) to be resolved. [BC]

domain: entertainment


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I love Mexican food simple because they usually have meat and cheese as part of their recipe ingredients. You know how obsessed I am with them! I also love the flavors going on in every Mexican food. They’re strong and rich, but not too overwhelming. After that first bite, you will understand why you need to have these enchiladas in your list of favorite Mexican food recipe!
Our friend over at the Brown Eyed Baker has this to say about this recipe:
“While the cooking time is lengthy, it doesn’t take much effort and it has a fantastic, authentic flavor. The sauce totally makes it!”
I agree! Your patience will be tested a bit because it takes a bit long to bake and you’re already tempted by all of those flavors. But, it will be worth it.
3 cloves garlic, minced
3 tablespoons McCormick chili powder
2 teaspoons McCormick ground cumin
2 teaspoons McCormick ground coriander
1 teaspoon Domino granulated sugar
1 teaspoon Kosher salt
1¼ pounds Tyson boneless chuck steaks, trimmed of fat
1 tablespoon Wesson vegetable oil
2 yellow onions, finely chopped
1 (15-ounce) can Hunt’s tomato sauce
½ cup water
4 ounces Monterey Jack cheese, shredded, divided
4 ounces Sargento sharp cheddar cheese, shredded, divided
⅓ cup chopped fresh cilantro
¼ cup chopped canned Great Value pickled jalapeños
12 (6-inch) Mission corn tortillas
In a small bowl, stir together the garlic, chili powder, cumin, coriander, sugar, and salt.
Heat the oil in a Dutch oven over medium-high heat until shimmering. Sprinkle the meat with salt and cook until browned on both sides, about 6 to 8 minutes. Remove the meat to a plate.
Reduce the heat to medium, add the onions to the pot and cook until golden brown, about 5 minutes. Stir in the garlic mixture and cook until fragrant, about 1 minute. Add the tomato sauce and water and bring to a boil. Return the meat and any accumulated juices to the pot, cover, reduce the heat to low, and simmer until the meat is tender and can be broken apart easily, about 1½ hours.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
Strain the beef mixture over a medium bowl. Transfer the meat and any other solids to a separate medium bowl and break the beef into small pieces. Mix together with half of the shredded cheeses, the cilantro and the jalapeños.
Spread ¾ cup of the sauce in the bottom of a 9×13-inch baking dish. Microwave the tortillas according to package directions to soften. Spread about ⅓ cup of the beef mixture down the center of each tortilla, roll up tightly, and place in the baking dish seam-side down. Pour the remaining sauce evenly over the enchiladas and spread to ensure that all of the ends are covered in sauce.
Sprinkle the remaining cheese over top of the enchiladas, cover the baking dish with foil and bake for 25 minutes. Remove the foil and continue to bake until the cheese browns slightly, 5 to 10 minutes. Leftovers can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.
USE RED NEXT PAGE LINK BELOW.
Quick Tip: The beef filling and sauce can be prepared through step #5 and refrigerated in separate containers for up to 2 days. Prepare the rest of the recipe as directed, increasing the covered baking time by 5 minutes.
Thanks again to Brown Eyed Baker for this amazing recipe.


The Minister of State for Kampala and Metropolitan Affairs, Kabuye Kyofatogabye, has urged graduates not to give up on their dreams.
“I know you have friends who gave up and now are regretting, right? In life we hear more nos’ than yes. It was at this time I remember the 28th day of March 2004 when I received my first degree and defeated the spirit of ‘Kugaana’ and from there I have never rested up to now. About two to three years I think of what course do I need, I go for another Masters’, so never give up on your dreams,” Kyofatogabye said.
The minister was officiating at the 13th graduation ceremony of UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication.
The function, also doubled as the institute’s 25th anniversary where over 250 walked away with diplomas and certificates in different disciplines.
Kyofatogabye implored the newly Coffered members of the fourth estate to practice and promote responsible journalism that can stir national development.
The UMCAT Director, Charles Ogwel, implored the grandaunts to specialize in a particular field if they are to change the communities in which they operate.
While emphasizing on the theme of the Day, “Celebrating 25 Years Of Media Empowerment And Transformation”, Ogwel further called upon graduates to avoid general journalism but have a specialized profession if they are to have broader spectrum of opportunities.
He adds that to make the public appreciate an extra-ordinary and unique work, journalists need to distinguish themselves.
“Journalism can change the country because in every economy they need communication. Journalism jobs are becoming increasingly hard because of attitude and mentality. Institutions need to produce specialized journalists to avoid the general journalism and distinguish them from a pool” Ogwel said.
He asked government to create more incentives geared towards boosting the journalism profession through research, new ideas development and engaging journalists in planning for their programmes, which he says will create a profession for development.
Adding, “Apart from legislation and the enabling environment for journalism, government has not given enough support to journalists to boost their profession to contribute to development. Government can create incentives in research, ideas development aimed at enabling journalists to do better.”
“I am happy to note that over 65 percent of Uganda’s professional practicing Journalists in News Papers, Radio and Television stations have been trained by UMCAT and this is the very reason we have been branded the leading as the Journalism Institution in Uganda,” he said.
UMCAT Principal, Joseph Elunya said, “Beyond providing a sound education, we wish to deliver our students a holistic hands on learning experience for life. Our aim is to produce highly skilled and practical Journalists. Hence, we strive to travel beyond the boundaries of mere books.”
Kagimu Edgar David, the Institute’s outgoing Guild President revealed how the entire Journey has been easy but achieved out of hard work and perseverance.


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Distribution of articles published per year
(2014 - 2016)
Total number of journals author has published in: 4
Influence of Composition on the Environmental Impact of a Cast Aluminum Alloy
Influence of mechanical design on the evolution of the environmental impact of an induction hob
LCI Databases Sensitivity Analysis of the Environmental Impact of the Injection Molding Process


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There’s a lot of choice on Netflix UK. In fact, each viewer spends 18 minutes (18 whole minutes!) on average trying to decide what to watch on the streaming platform. To put that into context, that’s almost as long as an episode of The Office.
But fear not, we’ve gone through all the new shows, docs and films arriving on Netflix UK this month and whittled them down to the very best.
Here’s what you should be watching on Netflix UK in October 2020:
For music fans: Song Exploder Volume 1
What is it? Song Exploder is one of the best music podcasts around. Seeing artists dissect a single song from their back catalogue, it’s the kind of stuff that any die-hard muso lives for. Now, Netflix have adapted it for a TV show!
Who’s in it? The first season includes Alicia Keys, Lin-Manuel Miranda, R.E.M and Ty Dolla $ign.
When’s it out? 2 October
Critics’ choice: The 40-Year-Old Version
What is it? An ageing playwright turns 40 and decides to get back into rapping – both hilarity and poignancy ensues. A favourite at Sundance, this film’s currently got 96% on Rotten Tomatoes.
Who’s in it? Radha Blank stars, directs, produces and wrote the film.
When’s it out? 9 October
Perfect Sunday viewing: David Attenborough: a Life on our Planet
What is it? Much like Louis Theroux, bonafide National Treasure David Attenborough is just perfect for idle Sunday viewing. His latest for Netflix takes a look back at his life and career, and how the world has changed during this time.
Who’s in it? David Attenborough, obviously
When’s it out? 4 October
One for the stans: BLACKPINK: Light up the Sky
BLACKPINK: Light Up the Sky — an all-access documentary about one of the world's most popular groups — premieres in your area on October 14!
Oh and that’s not all … on October 14, these music icons will also become Netflix profile icons pic.twitter.com/b9t00VnEMO
— Netflix (@netflix) September 9, 2020
What is it? Get to know one of K-Pop’s biggest bands a little better with this behind the scenes doc. It’s promised to be an “all-access” affair.
Who’s in it? The South Korean girl group, BLACKPINK.
When’s it out? 14 October
Best of true crime: Unsolved Mysteries volume 2
— Unsolved Mysteries (@Unsolved) September 28, 2020
What is it? The first season of Netflix’s Unsolved Mysteries reboot promised to promises to “fuse signature elements from the original series with contemporary immersive, character-driven storytelling”, with stories “rooted in the experiences of ordinary people”. It definitely did that and in a wholly engaging way. Now the second instalment is on its way.
Who’s in it? Witnesses and experts trying to get to grips with some actual unsolved mysteries.
When’s it out? 19 October
The best of the rest
Pose season 2 (1 October)
FX’s Pose is a stunning and illuminating look at New York City’s drag ball scene of the late 80s and early 90s. It’s at once fun and exuberant as well as completely devastating.
The Haunting of Bly Manor season 1 (9 October)
Victoria Pedretti was a stand-out performer as Love in season 2 of Netflix’s You. Now she stars in this supernatural horror adaptation of The Turn of the Screw by Henry James.
The Trial of the Chicago 7 (16 October)
A historical drama telling the story of the Chicago seven – anti-Vietnam war protestors who were charged with inciting riots. Directed by Aaron Sorkin (The Social Network), it features an impressive cast that includes Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Sacha Baron Cohen, Michael Keaton, Eddie Redmayne, Mark Rylance, Jeremy Strong and more.
Rebecca (21 October)
Daphne du Maurier’s Rebecca is a classic of gothic fiction. Its 1940 adaptation was directed by Alfred Hitchcock and won Best Picture at the Academy Awards. Now Lily James and Armie Hammer look to make the story their own.
Holidate (28 October)
Yes, you know Christmas is approaching when slightly cringe festive romcoms start to pop up. This one stars Emma Roberts and Luke Bracey as two holiday-haters who pledge to be each other’s plus-ones to get through the festive period.


The digital twin – driving innovation development the smart way
During the Co-Creation of our new eDrive we’ve consistently focused on the development of a digital twin, which has enabled us to carry out simulations directly in a real-world scenario and identify weak points during the development phase - without having to create expensive prototypes.
Using the digital twin, we simulated system interactions of motor and housing in advance, as well as testing various different materials such as laminated steel and SMC.
What tolerances can we allow?
The digital twin shows it!
Goal: To simulate the acoustic effect on component X through the change in gap dimension as realistically as possible using our digital twin – because high tolerance requirements are costly. We've used the digital twin to find out which tolerances we are willing and able to permit in the physical implementation.
Fact: Generally, simulations represent the ideal case and tolerances are either ignored or set too tight.
Consequence: The physical result deviates approx. 20 - 30% from the simulation.
How did we proceed?
Step 1: Design of the simulation model
We worked with existing digital images, which were then additionally linked to real sensor data, a database and analysis software.
Manufacturing of stator and rotor
Step 2: Tolerance measurement on the real prototype
Consideration of the tolerances in the simulation
Step 3: Digital Twin
As part of our DoE (Design of Experiments) we simulated playing around with different tolerances in order to identify effects on the overall project.
In this case, the real tolerance of 1/10 mm (deviation of teeth) was included in the digital simulation.
The result: maximum proximity to the original – significant savings in time and costs through our rigorous DoE approach.
The result: Maximum proximity to the original
Conclusion: Significantly shifted frequencies that lead to additional vibration excitation and thus to efficiency losses - or NVH influences.
Advantages of using a digital twin:
- Innovations are moved forward quickly
- Reduction of development costs & Design to Cost
- Recognition of cross-system correlations
- Intelligent optimization based on collected data
- Identification of critical components and interfaces
- Efficient co-creation and information exchange via the digital twin
Dipl.-Ing.(TU) Timo Frambach MEng
"Many industries are currently undergoing a major upheaval in terms of production and product development. Trends such as the Internet of Things, additive manufacturing and learning machines are merging the physical and digital worlds and setting an unprecedented pace for product innovation. We at CADFEM focus on simulation as an accelerator. The CONNACTIVE project can thus be experienced virtually in the shortest possible time and the eDrive becomes reality."


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Tokyo — Toshiba said Wednesday that detailed discussions on potential private transactions only made sense after all strategic options had been carefully considered and called on some shareholders to begin soliciting buyout bids. Stated.
The statement was issued when a Japanese industrial conglomerate was exploring new strategic ideas with financial and strategic investors, including KKR & Co Inc and three other global private equity firms.
However, the latest process is not intended to formally solicit buyout bids for the entire company or part of its assets, questioning why the company has not initiated an official solicitation process. Sources say it is confusing the department’s investors.
In its statement, the Board should first focus on Toshiba’s strategic review to understand potential investor approaches to increasing corporate value.
“The Board believes that meaningful and informed discussions on pricing are most productive after the discussion on value enhancement has been completed satisfactorily.”
“Therefore, the board has not yet decided on the most appropriate course of action and continues to seek viable strategic alternatives,” he added.
Toshiba has begun a complete review of its current assets after rejecting a $ 20 billion takeover bid from CVC Capital Partners for lack of details. The results of the review will be announced when the company announces a new medium-term business plan in October.

domain: economics


Marine wave module
Introduction to the model
The marine wave module adopts SWAN, a third-generation wave model that computes waves in shallow seas. This model was developed and maintained by the Department of Civil Engineering of Delft University in the Netherlands. From the first publicly released version (SWAN 30.51) to the current version (SWAN 40.81), it has been continuously improved, with gradually improved performance and enhanced functions. The SWAN model uses an equilibrium equation based on the principle of conservation of energy. It has taken into account both the common features of the third-generation marine- wave model and the different requirements for simulation in shallow water. First, the SWAN model selects the fully implicit finite difference scheme, which is unconditionally stable so that the computational space grid and time step are not constrained. Second, in the source terms of the equilibrium equation, in addition to wind loads, four-wave interaction, fracture and friction, deep fracture and three-wave interaction are also considered. Moreover, the grid of the SWAN model has gradually become a triangular finite element grid from the previous rectangular grid. The SWAN model takes into account many physical processes, including the latest results of current marine-wave forecast research [30, 31, 32].
The SWAN model takes many physical processes into account, including the latest results of current marine wave forecast research. The factors considered are:
- 1) Wave propagation process
- a) Refraction caused by current and unsteady water depth changes
- b) The shoaling effect caused by water bottom and current changes
- c) Obstacles and reflections in counter-current propagation
- d) Propagation of waves in geometric space
- e) The obstruction to waves caused by sub-grid obstacles and the propagation of waves through sub-grid obstacles
- f) Wave-induced setup
- 2) Generation and dissipation of waves
- a) Wind input
- b) White-cap dissipation
- c) Breakage caused by shoaling
- d) Bottom friction
- e) Three-wave and four-wave non-linear interaction
The SWAN model can be used in calculation of wind waves and surges of laboratory scale and continental shelf sea scale. The WAM and WAVE- WATCH III models and SWAN itself can be easily embedded into the SWAN model. Moreover, the parallel computing module has been added to the 40.20 version and above of the SWAN model. In addition, the grid of the SWAN model has gradually become a triangular finite element grid from the previous rectangular grid [33, 34, 35].
Model application examples and result verification
1) Model building
The triangular finite element grid will be refined for study areas, where the large area ranges from 117°E to 127°E and 35°N to 41°N and the spatial resolution is 1/30° x 1/30°; small areas include Qinhuangdao (119.1°E to 120°E, 39.3°N to 40.1°N) and Caofeidian (117.9°E to 119.4°E, 38.7°N to 39.6°N), and the spatial resolution is 1/200° x 1/200°. The entire large calculation area is shown in Figure 2.8.
The wind field used in the temperate zone process is the hindcasting wind field; its resolution is 1/30° x 1/30°. The wind field of the small areas is obtained from the interpolation of this wind field. The wind field is input every 15 minutes. The sea-wave spectrum takes 36 frequencies and 12 directions at each grid point. By integrating the source function term and the propagation term, the wave field output once every hour is obtained.
FIGURE 2.8: Model calculation area
Coastal boundary conditions: For waves that are about to cross and leave the coastline, the wave energy boundary, the deep water boundary (i.e., the eastern boundary of the Bohai Sea), and the incident wave at deep-water boundary cannot be observed, and SWAN assumes that the wave can freely enter and exit the calculation sea area. Therefore, the boundary should be far enough away from the observation point in order to avoid the error caused by this assumption.
2) Model test
In order to confirm the applicability of this model to the simulation of sea waves in the Bohai Sea and the near-shore area, the SWAN model was first used for the numerical simulation of a few typical large-wave processes affecting the Bohai Sea area. Three typical strong weather processes are selected and compared with data about the measured waves at Qinhuangdao and Phillip observation stations. These are the process of typhoon 7203 in 1972, the process of typhoon 8407 in 1984 and the large-wave process caused by the temperate weather system 1011 in 2003 [36, 37, 38].
a) Simulation of the large-wave process caused by typhoon 7203 in 1972 The track of typhoon 7203 is shown in Figure 2.9. This typhoon entered the Bohai Sea at 14:00 on July 26 and left the Bohai Sea at 02:00 on July 27. In the entire process, the air pressure strength of the center of the typhoon was 975 hPa. Comparison between the wave height H хдо calculated and observed at Qinhuangdao station (119.62°E, 39.92°N) is shown in Figure 2.10.
FIGURE 2.9: The track of typhoon 7203
FIGURE 2.10: Comparison between the simulated wave height and observed wave height of typhoon 7203 at Qinhunagdao station
b) Simulation of the large-wave process caused by typhoon 8407 in 1984 The track of typhoon 8407 is shown in Figure 2.11. Comparison between
the wave height Hi/ю calculated and observed at Qinhuangdao station (119.62°E, 39.92°N) is shown in Figure 2.12.
c) Simulation of the large-wave process caused by system 1011 in 2003 From October 11 and 12, affected by both the southwest inverted trough
and southwards strong cold air, 4- to 6-m high waves appeared in the Bohai
FIGURE 2.11: The track of typhoon 8407
FIGURE 2.12: Comparison between the simulated wave height and observed wave height of typhoon 8407 at Qinhunagdao station
Sea, the large waves with height of 3.5 m appeared in the coastal waters near Qinhuangdao and Tangshan in Hebei, and 4-m high waves appeared in the coastal waters near Cangzhou and Huanghua. These waves caused huge economic losses to near-shore seawalls and marine aquaculture. The chart of surface weather at 20:00 on October 11 is shown in Figure 2.13. The comparison
FIGURE 2.13: Chart of surface weather at 20:00 on October 11, 2003
FIGURE 2.14: Comparison between the measured value and the calculated value of simulated waves at Qinhuangdao station in October 2003
between the numerical simulation results and the wave observation results from October 9 to 14, 2003 in Qinhuangdao is shown in Figure 2.14.
From the comparison between the calculation results of several typical large-wave processes and the corresponding position observation results, it is clear that the SWAN model has a good simulation capability for large-wave processes in the Bohai Sea and coastal waters in Hebei Province.
Marine current module
Introduction to the model
The marine current module uses the FVCOM model jointly developed by the University of Massachusetts and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The model is used mainly for the coastal and estuarine tidal circulation. The greatest feature and advantage of the FVCOM model is that it combines the finite element method, which fits the boundary easily and enables the local refinement, and the finite difference method, which facilitates the discrete computation of the marine primitive equations (Figure 2.15). In the finite element method, a triangular grid is used, a linearly independent basis function is provided, and its specific coefficient is to be obtained. The method is characterized by a triangular grid that fits the boundary easily and enables the local refinement. The finite difference method facilitates the discrete computation of the marine primitive equations. It is characterized by clear dynamics basics, directly perceived difference and efficient calculation. FVCOM integrates the advantages of the above two methods. The integral form of equation and better calculation format used in the numerical calculation make the momentum, energy and mass have better conservation. The dry-wet method is used to deal with the moving boundary of tidal flat. The applied Mellor and Yamada level-2.5 turbulence closure sub-model makes the whole model closed in physics and mathematics, a is used vertically to reflect the irregular bottom boundary, and inner and outer films are separated so as to save the calculation time. [39, 40, 41, 42]
FVCOM uses a triangular grid, and the Surface-water Modelling System (SMS) software is used to design the Bohai Sea. Using the triangular grid makes it easy to correctly fit the shoreline and enable local refinement. Detailed refinement can be applied to complex shorelines, harbor basins and
FIGURE 2.15: Triangular grid-fitting diagram oil and gas fields; the maximum resolution can be obtained in an area as far as 5 m.
The model also has the following main characteristics [43, 44]:
- 1) A turbulence closure model is used to provide the vertical mixing coefficient.
- 2) Sigma coordinates are used vertically in order to better fit submarine relief.
- 3) Horizontally, orthogonal curvilinear grid and staggered “C” grid are used to better match coastal shapes.
- 4) The horizontal and temporal difference schemes are explicit, while vertical difference schemes are implicit.
- 5) Internal and external molds are calculated separately. The external mold is two-dimensional and the time step is relatively short, while the internal mold is three-dimensional and the time step is relatively long.
- 6) The model includes complete thermodynamical equations.
- 7) The model includes a set of substance diffusion and transport and Lagrangian particle-tracking sub-modules.
1) Grid configuration
The main computational domain of the model is the entire Bohai Sea, with a focus on the areas in the vicinity of major ports (such as Tianjin Port) and offshore oil and gas platforms. The Bohai Strait has strong tidal currents. Moreover, the largest tidal currents in the Bohai Sea area also appear in the Laotieshan waterway in the north of the strait. In the event of a marine pollution accident (such as an oil-spill accident) in the port area in winter, a large amount of pollutants may enter the Bohai Sea under the effects of the north wind and the strong tidal currents in the Bohai Strait. As a result, the Bohai Sea will be seriously polluted [45, 46]. Therefore, after all factors are taken into account, the computational domain of the model is expanded on the basis of the Bohai Sea. In other words, the expanded computational domain includes a part of the north Yellow Sea area, as shown in Figure 2.16(a). This figure shows the locations of major oil and gas drilling platforms within the Bohai Sea. The unstructured triangular grid is naturally refined at Bohai Strait and the complex shorelines, bay mouths, key ports, and oil and gas fields within the Bohai Sea area (see Figure 2.16(b)), in order to ensure the accurate simulation of currents and tides. Grid refinement has two levels. The grid accuracy of the first-level refinement area is 100 m, which is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Tianjin Port, the Bohai Strait, the major oil and gas fields within the Bohai Sea area and the major ports along the Bohai Sea. The grid accuracy of the second-level refinement area is 1', which covers all areas other than the above-mentioned areas. Figure 2.17 shows grid refinement for the waters near Tianjin Port. It can be seen that the resolution of the grid has almost reached the level of simulated terrain in the main near-shore waters.
FIGURE 2.16: Grid settings of research domain
Therefore, the natural refinement of the FVCOM’s triangular finite element grid can be used to effectively simulate and forecast the oil spills that may occur in the main areas of concern.
2) Selection of model parameters
The FVCOM model operation requires initial temperature and salinity fields, open boundary forcing and water-depth data. The initial temperature and salinity field used for the calculation in this study is the annual mean temperature and salinity field obtained from the historical observation data. The open boundary of the model is forced by the harmonic constants of tide. Harmonic constants of five tidal constituent (М2, S^, K,0, P) are used for calculation. The tidal harmonic constants used are all derived from the tidal
FIGURE 2.17: Grid refinement for the waters near Tianjin Port
FIGURE 2.18: Block division in charts with different resolution
model simulation results of China’s coastal waters t hrough adjoint variational method. ArcGIS and other specialized software are used to splice the nautical charts that have different resolutions, as shown in Figures 2.18 through 2.19 [47, 48].
In addition, the related terrain and shoreline information extracted from the basic geographic information database of National Marine Information
FIGURE 2.19: Distribution of deep-water points with different resolution
FIGURE 2.20: High-precision Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea terrain
Center is supplemented and the method of nearest-point interpolation of set thresholds is used to complete the production of high-precision terrain data products for the forecast area, preparing for the configuration and development of the marine module of the forecast system. Figure 2.20 is an example showing the high-precision Yellow Sea terrain after processing.


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domain: game


The headline on the story in today’s newspaper about the attorney general asking the state Supreme Court to expedite the appeal of the injunction blocking the start for legislatively approved education savings accounts (ESAs) calls them vouchers. So does the refer hed on the cover of the B section.
But nowhere in the story is the word voucher ever used.
In fact, backers of the ESAs have insisted they are not vouchers.
In fact, the newspaper’s interim editor — in a column in August when he was the senior editorial writer — has said ESAs are not vouchers.
“ESAs are not vouchers,” Glenn Cook wrote. “ESAs are controlled by parents, not the state. Once state money is transferred into the accounts, it’s no longer the public’s money, and as such it’s perfectly constitutional for parents to choose to spend the money at a religious school.”
The term voucher is the word that the opponents of ESAs insist on using.
Memo to editors: ESAs are not vouchers. Got it?
It’s a voucher. You can call it whatever you wish for your own political purposes and because the word “vouchers” doesn’t poll well.
But it’s a voucher.
Vouchers go directly to the institution and are only for tuition.
ESA money goes to the parents and may be used in many ways other than paying for tuition.
Vouchers, are not ESA’s
you guys are really scared of the term “vouchers.” That is why you undertake Orwellian contortions to call your voucher system something other than a voucher system.
Sure, a difference which makes a difference is a difference.
feigning ignorance does not become you


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Lead poisoning can be chewed stewed or made into jam. So now gout is a disease that just a few days later. One of the morning and all day long for the problem. If there is also often referred agents. They are also very effectiveness professional athletes with podagra depends on the right in your body of many gout attacks is to take cherries.
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domain: medical


text:
Inspect the bees you receive. A strong hive should have enough adult bees to cover eight to ten frames.
Honeybees are under unprecedented pressure, besieged by parasitic mites, viruses, diseases, and pesticide residues.
So, what can orchardists do to assure they will have pollination success during the bloom period, this year and years in the future?
Maryann Frazier, senior extension associate for Penn State University and part of its’ Center for Pollination Research, offers these five tips for a successful pollination season.
1 Get quality bees and place them at the right time.
Have an ongoing relationship with your bee suppliers and realize they are having tough times, she said.
Inspect the bees you receive. A strong hive of bees should be at least two stories (two boxes deep), have a laying queen, four to six frames of brood, and enough adult bees to cover eight to ten frames.
While that’s ideal, much depends on how well bees come out of winter. With average losses of 30 percent, and many beekeepers losing 50 percent or more of their colonies each year now—an unsustainable level—understand that compromises may have to be made.
The best time for placing bees is to move them in at 10 to 25 percent bloom, or earlier if king bloom set is most important. Eliminate competing flowers on the orchard floor, like dandelions.
Place colonies in groups of four to eight (or even larger groups in large orchards) in sunny, wind-protected spots. Entrances that face east or southeast encourage bee flight.
2 Have a pollination contract.
A pollination contract is very useful to both grower and beekeeper. Frazier provides a model contract for Pennsylvania growers in the Pennsylvania Spray Guide (available as a PDF on the MAAREC Website: https://agdev .anr.udel.edu/maarec/wpcontent/uploads/2010/03/Pollination_Contract.pdf).
The contract outlines responsibilities of the beekeeper and of the grower. The beekeeper agrees to provide a number of hives of certain strength, for a certain specified period, to open a few hives for the grower’s inspection, and to place them properly.
The grower agrees to provide accessible sites for the colonies, not to apply pesticides while the bees are being used as pollinators, and the contract has space for listing which pesticides and methods of application the grower may use.
The grower agrees to dispose of pesticide solutions in such a way that bees won’t contact the material when searching for water, and to provide watering facilities for the bees if none are available within a half-mile of the hives.
Should the grower need to spray hazardous materials, he/she should give the beekeeper 48 hours notice and pay for the cost of moving the bees away. The contract should also state the rental price.
3 Communicate with your bee supplier.
Communicate with your bee suppliers, not only to advise them of your bee needs for the upcoming season but to hear their assessment of the survival and strength of their colonies.
The first real test of how the nation’s colonies fared over the winter comes with the almond pollination season, when more than 1.5 million colonies of bees trek to California. “The best measure of the number of colonies available for pollination nationwide is what they look like going into and coming out of the almond crop,” Frazier said.
In mid-February, there was indication that the number of hives available for almonds was down by some 100,000 to 200,000 colonies. “That’s a bad sign,” she said.
4 Protect your pollinators.
Much work by several collaborating members of Penn State’s Center for Pollinator Research has focused on pesticides. Both honeybees and native bees are being exposed to and need protection from pesticides.
“Growers should not apply insecticides or fungicides during bloom,” she said. “It’s known that growers don’t think fungicides are a problem, because they have low toxicity, but we and others have found that they can synergize and increase the toxicity of certain insecticides by as much as a thousandfold.”
If pesticides were the single major problem, the links would have been made by now, Frazier said. “Thinking now is, it’s not just one thing acting independently to cause colony collapse disorder or the overall decline of pollinators—not pesticides, not mites, not diseases and viruses, not nutrition. It’s likely a number of these things interacting. For instance, mites, pesticides, or poor nutrition can suppress the immune function of bees so they can’t fight off the challenges of viruses or other disease.”
5 Provide a refuge.
Growers can be misled into thinking that their orchards, with those billions of blossoms, are like candy stores chock-full of pollen and nectar.
“Both honeybees and most native bees need a diverse source of pollen,” Frazier said. “Our studies have shown that even during apple bloom, bees collect pollen from other plants.”
Bees in almond orchards have exactly one food source—almond flowers growing in an otherwise plant-free desert.
Pollinators need places of refuge that are both free of pesticides and provide a source of pollen. The dilution effect of a source of pesticide-free pollen can reduce the impact of pesticides bees might pick up in the orchard or elsewhere, Frazier said.
Studies are under way to identify the best mixture of plants, and there is some technical advice and government money available to orchardists who plant them.

domain: agronomy


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Wednesday 12th October
The Football Club (EP Launch)
The Girl Fridas
Doors 7:30pm / $7+bf Presale (HERE) / $12 Door
The Football Club are a folk-punk band from Footscray, and they are releasing their second EP, ‘Songs about Friends’, on September 30.
‘Songs about Friends’ finds the band further exploring their already established sound with an expanded lineup, and further exploring topics such as queerness, relationships, and, of course, friendship.
Buoyed by singles ‘You and Yr Friends’ and ‘Real Friends’, this EP is a great collection of 6 folk-punk songs, designed for yelling off-key over a couple bottles of Passion Pop and gr8 m8s.
To celebrate, they’re putting on a show at Workers Club on October 12, with rock dogs Chelsea Bleach, The Girl Fridas, and Max Quinn.


The BET+ biopic, “First Lady of BMF: The Tonesa Welch Story” is beefing up its cast that includes comedian Jess Hilarious and others.
While guest hosting on "The Breakfast Club," Jess Hilarious reveals that Master P still owes her $15k from her role in "I Got the Hook-Up 2."
Jess Hilarious recently became emotional as she talked about Chrisean Rock and her relationship with rapper Blueface.
"Couples Retreat" is returning on May 16th as a part of VH1's "Mondays Level Up," and the new cast was revealed on Monday (April 18).
Jess Hilarious sets the record straight on how she found out Kountry Wayne wasn't legally divorced, while they were dating. Get the scoop.
Comedian Kountry Wayne is at it again, he teamed up with his real-life ex Jess Hilarious to bring us another amazing Instagram Reel.
Kountry Wayne and Jess Hilarious' romance may be over, but their shenanigans are still going strong. Get the scoop and see video.
Jess Hilarious says she is ready to retire her comedic Instagram news breaks known as “Jess with the Mess” after
Social media personality/comedian Jess Hilarious is trending again following her impassioned rant about cancel culture. Get the scoop.
Comedian and actress Jess Hilarious takes to social media to make fun of her own hairline. Get the scoop and see video.
FOX has canceled Lil Rel Howery's comedy series "Rel" after just one season. Get the scoop and his reaction.
Jess Hilarious' ex-boyfriend, Chris, publicly blasts the comedian and actress on social media. Get the scoop.
Comedian and actress Jess Hilarious offers an emotional apology after she racially-profiled Sikh men on a flight.
Lil Rel Howery responds to fans who demand he fire Jess Hilarious from his Fox sitcom, "Rel." Get the scoop and see his response.
Jess Hilarious Gets Dragged For Allegedly Having 4 Sikh Men Removed From Flight: ‘I Felt Threatened’ (Video)
Jess Hilarious is getting dragged on Twitter after she allegedly had 4 Sikh men removed from a flight.


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Review of El Norte (1984)
by phil on Tuesday Dec 29, 2009 11:42 PM
I can relate to that young mom whose sole purpose is to get the most number of achievements on XBox. She even plays games she doesn't like just to improve her standing.
There is something in our DNA that attunes us to lists. A to-do list is a game-changer for productivity. For example, if you give programmers a "bug queue" in an issue tracker, they will work twice as efficiently than if you bark out random things that need fixing.
Random lists appear in my life like little tumors. The most dominant one right now is the National Film Registry. Every year the Library of Congress preserves up to 25 American films that it deems "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." The list has grown to 500 movies since 1989, and it's similar to the more well-known Criterion Collection. I've created a spreadsheet of all these NFR movies, and my goal is to one day have seen every single one on that list. In the same spreadsheet, I'm keeping track of how many films my friend has watched, so there's a little competition underway. The very act of creating this spreadsheet spurred me to double the number of films I saw over the span of a month.
Unfortunately, my buddy has been lagging behind as he objected, "doesn't it make film-watching like homework?" But I like the homework aspect. The most recent film I saw, El Norte, followed a pattern similar to how I've watched a lot of those films. First the film starts off slow, and I'm questioning myself, "why am I watching this??" But then it picks up, and starts to click. By the end of the film and after the wikinoument, the whole process becomes an exercise in film appreciation.
El Norte is one of the rare films that appears on both the Criterion and the NFR lists. It's about immigrants from Guatemala crossing the United States border. What I love about the film is how organic and natural the plot is. There were at least ten points where I expected the film to take a cliche'd turn ("Oh, this is where she gets forced into prostitution," or "Oh, this is where they get robbed") but the film kept chugging along an indeterministic path, much like life.
The film's lasting impact, though, will be on how it has instructed my understanding of Mexican immigrants. One of the most indelible scenes has the main characters crawling through a narrow drainage tunnel and being attacked by rats.
The next day after watching El Norte, I couldn't look at Mexican workers the same way again.
Joe Smith said on December 30, 2009 2:54 PM:
I hate to say it...but your list is definitely incomplete without Spaceballs. May da Schwartz be wit you!