|Publication number||US6704296 B1|
|Application number||US 08/743,049|
|Publication date||Mar 9, 2004|
|Filing date||Sep 16, 1996|
|Priority date||Sep 16, 1996|
|Also published as||EP0925669A1, WO1998011695A1|
|Publication number||08743049, 743049, US 6704296 B1, US 6704296B1, US-B1-6704296, US6704296 B1, US6704296B1|
|Inventors||Ian Crayford, Ramesh Sivakolundu, Bing Cheng|
|Original Assignee||Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (5), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (28), Classifications (6), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates generally to interconnecting PHY devices in a computer local area network, and more specifically to an optimized interface between an integrated repeater front-end and an integrated interface device having multiple PHY devices in such a network.
Computer networks are commonly used in today's business environment. One common network structure uses one or more repeaters in a star topology, each repeater having several ports. A particular data packet received at one port is retransmitted to all other ports of the repeater. Each repeater restores timing and amplitude degradation of data packets received on one port and retransmits them to all other ports, and hence over the entire network. In networks employing CSMA/CD, such as an Ethernet network, every data packet passes through every repeater.
Traditional Ethernet networks (10 BASE-T) operate at 10 Mb/s. A standard promulgated by the IEEE (IEEE Standard 802.3), hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes, defines various functionality for such computer networks. Modernly, Ethernet networks are being upgraded to support 100 Mb/s operation. Standard IEEE 802.3u, hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes, defines the functionality for such high speed networks. The Standard defines operation of 100 BASE-T systems using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) physical media types. For 100 BASE-TX, the specification defines operation over 2 pairs of category 5 (CAT 5) UTP. For 100 BASE-T4, the specification defines operation over 4 pairs of Cat 3 UTP. Additionally, 802.3u includes a 100 BASE-FX specification that allows operation over dual fiber optic cabling.
The physical layer interface (PHY) defines the physical signaling scheme between two communicating devices. Many networks often use many PHY devices operating over different media types. In order to allow data terminal equipment (DTE) or a repeater to use whichever medium is more suitable, the PHY in 100 BASE-T is segregated by a Media Independent Interface (MII), which is essentially analogous to the AUI of 10 Mb/s Ethernet. In 10 Mb/s Ethernet, the AUI is an interface consisting of only six “channels”, but in 100 Mb/s operation, the interface is increased to eighteen signal “channels” in the MII. When integrated into a semiconductor device or package such as a physical housing, the channels are embodied as physical pins on the interface.
In 10 BASE-T operating at 10 Mb/s, the Ethernet/802.3 repeaters have become extremely integrated. As Ethernet has been upgraded to support 100 Mb/s operation, it has become more difficult to implement a cheap, single chip, low pin count package which houses the entire repeater functionality, especially if multiple PHY devices are integrated together.
In 100 BASE-T operation, a repeater is ideally constructed to allow some or all of its ports to be connected to any MII based PHY device. However, given the eighteen pin overhead per MII, production of integrated repeater solutions becomes more costly. A repeater front-end chip which has all MII ports for multiple PHY devices would almost certainly make the chip “pad limited”. In conventional silicon processing technologies, this means that there will be so many pads for interconnect to the external device pins, that the spacing of the pads will determine the die size of the chip. Furthermore, there will be inadequate additional complexity in the logic of the chip to fill the available silicon real estate enclosed by the pad ring. Larger, more expensive chips will have to be produced to accommodate the higher pin count package which houses the entire repeater functionality. Clearly, it is desirable to reduce the pin overhead in a repeater chip, while still allowing the repeater front-end chip to connect and operate with any MII based PHY device.
The present invention provides a device for economically and efficiently interfacing a plurality of PHY devices integrated into a single semiconductor package (interface device) with an integrated repeater front-end device to produce a repeater. Making effective use of the available pins and by use of innovative design of the features of multiple integrated PHY devices, the preferred embodiment permits an effective solution that is more cost-effective than a prior art solution of simply adding additional pins. As the number of PHY devices integrated into a single package increases, the preferred embodiment of the present invention increasingly saves pin count and attendant reliability.
In the course of integrating the multiple PHY devices, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for an integrated device capable of having a flexibility to interoperate with any of the 100 BASE-T media types in addition to enhanced functionality. Some of these features include the ability to control transmission of security symbols for security (eavesdrop protection) using a standard MII, integration of a Carrier Integrity Monitor (CIM) state machine into the interface device to improve backward compatibility with repeater front-ends that do not implement the CIM, programmable mode control to reconfigure certain channels depending upon the environment or operational specifications. One aspect of the preferred embodiment addresses steering input ports to appropriate repeaters, such as for speed matching, load balancing or port mobility, for example. It is possible to create a dual speed repeater for 10 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s operation.
According to one aspect of the invention, it includes a first and a second PHY device for coupling to a repeater front-end. The PHY devices communicate with the repeater front-end by use of a multiplexed MII, wherein receive and transmit data channels are shared by the PHY devices and some control channels are dedicated to each PHY device.
According to another aspect of the invention, it includes a first and a second PHY for coupling to a repeater front-end, each PHY having a media independent interface. The PHY devices communicate with the repeater front-end in two different modes of operation. In one mode the PHY acts normally, while in the second mode the transmit error and receive error channels are reconfigured to operate as additional transmit and receive channels, respectively.
In yet another aspect, it includes a first PHY for coupling to a first repeater and a second PHY for coupling to a second repeater. A switch connected to both PHYs allows incoming data to one of the first and second PHYs be switched to either the first repeater of the second repeater.
A further aspect includes a PHY having a media independent interface for coupling to a repeater front-end, that operates in two modes. In one mode the collision channel operates as normal. In the second mode the collision channel is configured as a false carrier channel.
Yet a further aspect includes a security device for use with a repeater, wherein a PHY is connected to a repeater front-end. The repeater transmits a security signal to the PHY using dedicated transmit error and transmit enable channels. The PHY then responds to the received security signal by outputting a security symbol.
Another aspect includes a PHY having transmit, receive and control channels for connecting to a repeater front-end. The PHY also includes a carrier integrity monitor (CIM) for monitoring activity on the input channels of the PHY, wherein the CIM can be selectively enabled or disabled.
Reference to the remaining portions of the specification, including the drawing and claims, will realize other features and advantages of the present invention. Further features and advantages of the pre,sent invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with respect to accompanying drawing. In the drawing, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a repeater including an integrated repeater front-end device and a group of interface devices including, in the preferred embodiment, a plurality of fast Ethernet transceivers that conform to the incorporated 802.3u IEEE standard;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the integrated interface device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an alternate pin out option of an integrated switch interface device using the same internal semiconductor device packaged for the integrated interface device shown in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual repeater including a first repeater device, a second repeater device, a network device to interconnect the first repeater device with the second repeater device, two switches and two switch interface devices (first switch interface device and second switch interface device).
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a repeater 100 including an integrated repeater front-end device 105 and a group of integrated interface devices 110 including, in the preferred embodiment, a plurality of Fast Ethernet transceivers that conform to the incorporated 802.3u IEEE standard. Each interface device 110 services a number of ports, each port coupled in turn to a network device 115, which may be a repeater, for example. In the preferred embodiment, each interface device 110 includes four physical layer (PHY) devices (not shown), one PHY per port, and repeater device 105 is coupled to three interface devices 110 to provide repeater 100 with a total of twelve ports.
The repeater device 105 and each interface device 110 are separately integrated into individual semiconductor devices that are interconnected to form repeater 100. Some applications will have different configurations for the number of interface devices 110 per repeater device 105 and/or different number of PHY devices per interface device 110, dependent upon design and cost-consideration goals.
In the preferred embodiment, each integrated PHY conforms to the IEEE 802.3u standard, except as set forth below when implementing enhanced functionality. Each PHY device communicates, with repeater device 105 by use of a modified media independent interface (MII) as further described by reference to FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of integrated interface device 110. The interface device 110 includes four dedicated signal ports, each marked as MII 200. Each MII 200 includes a receive clock (RXC) channel, a receive data valid (RX_DV) channel, a collision (COL) channel, a carrier sense (CRS) channel, a receive error (RX_ER) channel and a transmit enable (TX_EN) channel for a total of six channels per dedicated signal port. These six channels are port specific channels dedicated to each PHY device of integrated interface device 110.
In addition, to complete the modified MII, each PHY device shares twelve common channels into repeater device 105. Two of the shared common channels are a management data clock (MDC) channel and a management data input/output (MDIO) channel. Further, four receive data (RXD<3:0>) channels, four transmit data (TXD<3:0>) channels, a transmit clock (TXC) channel and a transmit error (TX_ER) channel. Table I, below, further explains the function of the MII channels. Hence, each PHY device uses its dedicated port channels as well as the shared channels to communicate with the repeater device 105.
Transmit Data. 4 pins for transmit data sent
by the repeater or DTE to be transmitted by
the PHY on the medium.
Receive Data. 4 pins for received data
recovered by the PHY from the medium and
passed to the repeater or DTE.
Receive Clock. The clock decoded by the PHY
from the incoming data from the medium.
Transmit Clock. The PHY's own clock, passed
to the DTE or repeater, and used to clock data
from the repeater/DTE.
Transmit Error. A signal asserted by the
repeater (or optionally DTE) to indicate to
the PHY(s) that a coding violation was
detected in the received signal stream.
A signal from the PHY to indicate to the
repeater or DTE that a coding violation was
detected in the PHY's received data.
Transmit Enable. Asserted by the repeater or
DTE to indicate that valid data is being
presented on the TXD pins.
Receive Data Valid. Asserted by the PHY to
indicate to the repeater or DTE that valid
data is being presented on the RXD pins.
Carrier Sense. Asserted by the PHY to
indicate receive medium activity.
Collision. Asserted by the PHY to indicate
that a collision condition has been detected
on the medium.
Management Data Input Output. A bi-direction
line that allows serial data to be clocked in
and out of the PHY device.
Management Data Clock. The clock signal used
for synchronously transferring data in and out
of the PHY using the MDIO pin.
In operation, data from only one receive port is decoded at any time. Simultaneous activation of receive activity on two or more ports constitutes a collision. Thus, repeater device 105 does not require the actual data from more than one receive port at any time. Detection of two simultaneous receive functions causes repeater device 105 to initiate transmission of jam signals from all the ports.
Repeater device 105 determines which port to associate with received data on the shared data channels by use of the dedicated RX_DV and CRS channels associated with the receiving port. Only one PHY device, the one receiving data, asserts its RX_DV and CRS channels. The repeater device 105 reads the shared RXD channels synchronized by the RXC channel.
Repeater device 105 retransmits the received data to all other active and enabled ports. Repeater device 105 asserts the received data on the shared transmit channels and asserts TX_EN to all active and enabled PHY ports, except the receiving PHY device. The received data is transmitted from each transmitting PHY device synchronized with the TXC channel.
During the receipt and transmission of data, any collision detected by the receiving PHY device is communicated to the repeater device 105, such as by asserting the COL channel. Additionally, any other PHY device asserting RX_DV to repeater device 105 while another PHY device is receiving data signals a collision condition to the repeater device 105.
Receipt of RX_ER at repeater device 105 transmitted from a receiving PHY device causes repeater device 105 to assert TX_ER to all transmitting PHY devices. All transmitting PHY devices thereafter ensure that a code violation symbol occurs in the retransmitted signal.
In the worst case, integrated repeater device 105 would require two hundred sixteen pins (18 pins/port×12 ports) just to satisfy the channel requirements for three interface devices 110, each having four PHY devices, when a full MII is implemented for each port or PHY device. In the preferred embodiment, a conservative savings is realized because only eighty-two channels ((6 dedicated channels/port×12 ports)+10 shared channels) are needed for three interface devices 110 each having four PHY devices to communicate with repeater device 105, rather than the worst case two hundred sixteen channels.
In some applications, a more aggressive implementation may be used to realize even greater savings on pin count. Sometimes it may be possible to implement RXC as a single channel shared among all PHY devices, or less favorably, shared among all PHY devices of a single interface device 110. The degree to which the various ports may share a common RXC depends upon the degree to which the various ports are synchronized. Completely unsynchronized ports most likely require the configuration of the preferred embodiment (i.e., a dedicated RXC per PHY device). In other applications, it is possible to put some delay budget into the interface device 110, to allow received symbols to be realigned to a single master receive clock (the single shared RXC for all PHY devices).
In some cases, it may be desirable to multiplex only TXD and RXD channels and otherwise have dedicated MII channels. Such an application would be useful to reduce a pin count for a device such as a media access controller (MAC) directly coupled to a repeater device (such as for management). In this way, since the MAC and repeater front-end communicate using half-duplex data exchanges, the total pin complement is reduced but the MAC retains the ability to operate and examine all packet traffic that passes through the repeater device.
Another feature of interface device 110 to provide enhanced functionality is the addition of a disable encoding/decoding (DISENDEC) pin. Interface device 110 includes a four-bit/five-bit encoder/decoder function in each PHY device. In this application, five-bit symbols from the medium are converted to four-bit symbols for use across the MII. Disabling the encoding/decoding by asserting DISENDEC results in using native five-bit symbols across the MII. To obtain the extra channels for the MII without adding pins, assertion of DISENDEC reconfigures TX_ER and RX_ER channels as TX<4> and RX<4> respectively. The repeater device 105 is now able to deal with native five-bit symbols across all of its interfaces. This allows the decode and encode stages at the receiving and transmitting port(s) to be eliminated, avoiding the time required for these steps and hence reducing the delay through repeater 100.
Having an ability to reassign channel functions, either through hardware or software, provides additional pin savings while increasing flexibility and functionality of the repeater 100. It is possible to provide support for both TX and T4 protocols, on a per port or group of ports basis without adding pins by appropriately reconfiguring repeater devices 105 and interface device 110.
A TX protocol requires a false carrier (FLS_CRS) from a PHY device to the repeater device 105 while the T4 protocol does not use FLS_CRS. However, for the TX protocol, the COL channel can be denied by the repeater device 100, whereas for the T4 protocol the COL channel must be provided. To provide for flexible, per port/interface device TX/T4 support without adding dedicated channels is one feature of the preferred embodiment. The COL channel shown in FIG. 2 is made selectively configurable depending on which mode is desired. For use as a T4 PHY, the COL channel remains as described above. For TX PHY mode, repeater device 105 reconfigures the COL channel as the FLS_CRS channel. For TX operation, the TX PHY not only uses the COL channel as the FLS_CRS channel, it activates the CRS channel during only receive carrier, not for receive carrier or transmit carrier as defined in the 802.3u standard. A TX PHY indicates a collision condition to repeater device 105 by asserting CRS (receive active) and use of TX_EN (transmit active). Repeater device 105 detects the simultaneous transmit and receive activity, so it has no need of the COL channel when in TX PHY mode. Note that while Repeater Device 105 and Interface Device 110 can have their MIIs programmed to use the dedicated FLS_CRS pin when in the TX PHY mode, in addition, Interface Device 110 simultaneously provides an optional mechanism (as defined by IEEE Standard 802.3u) for indicating receive error across the MII. This is performed by asserting RX_ER, deasserting RX_DV, and sourcing the hexadecimal coded “E” (1110) representation onto the MII RXD<3:0> pins. While the transport of the coded value of false carrier is provided to support repeater device implementations that do not have the dedicated FLS_CRS pin function, this comes at the expense of some decode delay in order to detect false carrier. The provision of the dedicated false carrier pin (per port) allows fast false carrier detect time at the expense of the additional pin complement. However, Interface Device 110 fully supports either option in the Repeater Device 105.”
The COL channel remains in T4 mode without providing a FLS_CRS channel. Since T4 mode does not provide for a false carrier function, a T4 PHY device does not need a channel to signal false carrier information to the repeater device 105. Thus, twelve pins are saved while providing the ability for repeater device 105 to be used with different modes of PHY devices. As long as the mode setting is performed for groups of PHY devices, or all PHY devices, or through software configuration commands, the pin savings are maintained.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,539,737, incorporated herein by reference, describes security and some of the concerns of eavesdropping in 10 Mb/s Ethernet networks. This describes how a particular port or ports may be identified to have data disrupted or allow data to pass ‘clear’. However, in implementations where the PHY is integrated, the disrupt control provided by the repeater is easily communicated to the PHY. With external PHY channels, a means is needed to allow the disrupt function to be communicated without use of additional interface pins between the repeater device 105 and interface device 110. The preferred embodiment implements eavesdrop security for repeater 100 without adding additional dedicated channels between the repeater device 105 and each PHY device. The IEEE 802.3u standard provides a symbol, the ‘HALT’ symbol that in certain applications may seem to be an effective solution to eavesdrop protection. A PHY device responds to concurrent assertion of TX_EN and TX_ER by issuing the ‘HALT’ symbol. Unfortunately, concurrent assertion of TX_EN and TX_ER also indicates a transmit error which may not be appropriate to use in every situation that eavesdrop security is desired.
It is important therefore to differentiate between a normal transmit error code condition (sending the ‘HALT’ symbol), and the eavesdrop protection mode wherein an alternate symbol should be selected for transmission. A simple way to communicate this information between the repeater device 105 and any particular PHY device is through a special combination of the TX_EN and TX_ER channels of the MII as shown in TABLE II below.
Eavesdrop protection mode - Issue
fixed symbol scrambling.
Normal Data Transmit, TXD<3:0>
Transmit error code, HALT transmitted
In the preferred embodiment, a PHY,device may transmit a fixed symbol when the PHY device observes the eavesdrop protection encoding on its MII (the shared TX_ER channel and the dedicated TX_EN channel). The fixed mode would be selected to take into account issues such as backward compatibility with the existing implementations or effects such as crosstalk and/or EMI. Once determined, the eavesdrop protection code could be fixed for these devices.
Alternatively, PHY devices may incorporate an MII register which would allow the programming of the symbol sent during eavesdrop protection. The default value of this register would be either the preferred value (as determined above) or could be set to any arbitrary symbol, including the ‘HALT’ symbol if desired. It would be the contents of this register that any particular PHY device would transmit upon observing the eavesdrop protection code.
In the preferred embodiment, each TX PHY device includes an independently selectable integrated carrier integrity machine (CIM). A TX PHY device is not normally expected to include a CIM, therefore the preferred embodiment desirably enables/disables the CIM function for each PHY device to allow the integrated device 110 to interoperate with existing repeater devices available on the market other than the integrated repeater device 105, as well as with future more integrated devices (and devices more closely partitioned to the IEEE 802.3u standard).
Some existing integrated repeater devices that a user may desire to use in conjunction with the integrated interface devices 110 do not incorporate a carrier integrity monitor (CIM) state machine which is required by the current IEEE 802.3u standard. The carrier integrity monitor is similar to a link pulse or ‘heartbeat’ signal used in some Ethernet implementations. Thus, it is desirable to implement a CIM in the integrated interface device 110 so that together the devices (repeater device and interface devices) properly implement the CIM of the IEEE standard. In the preferred embodiment, it is desirable to provide one CIM for each PHY device of the interface device 110. The DISENDEC channel controls operation of all the CIMs in interface device 110.
When a CIM is turned on, or is not disabled, it monitors the carrier received from the Physical Medium Dependent layer (PMD) of the port and is responsible for generating FORCE_JAM and ISOLATE primitives as appropriate, according to the IEEE 802.3u specification. Whenever ISOLATE is true, the transmitting and receiving of the port is inhibited (the port is isolated similar to partition in the 10 BASE-T specification). The isolated port will not respond to any transmit request received on the MII. The CIM of the isolated port ensures that the interface device 110 continues to issue IDLE symbols on the serial output of the isolated port regardless of the status of the associated TX_EN channel. Any activity received from the PMD of the port will not cause the assertion of the CRS, RX_DV, or RX_ER for that port. However, it will continue monitoring the activity on the medium.
The FORCE_JAM primitive of the CIM, when true, forces repeater device 105 to send JAM to all of its ports. Because an interface device 110 does not have control of all potential ports of repeater 100, an additional process is necessary to accomplish the task of causing all ports to recognize the JAM, and to facilitate the propagation of the JAM process across all of the interface devices 110, a particular PHY device associated with a port for which the FORCE_JAM primitive is true asserts the CRS channel and maintains it asserted for as long as the FORCE_JAM primitive is true. Additionally, this PHY device transmits alternating “3” and “4” on the RXD channels. Note that an alternating “3” and “4” sequence is the JAM pattern for existing implementations of repeater circuits which translated into 4B/5B coded serial signal is a 010101 . . . bit stream. This bit stream is also transmitted to the physical medium of the port by the PHY device.
If one port goes into the FALSE CARRIER state of the CIM state machine (FORCE_JAM is true) and there is no activity detected on any other port, repeater device 105 repeats the alternating “3” and “4” JAM pattern on the RXD channels to the other ports except to the port having the FALSE CARRIER. Thus, all ports send out the JAM pattern on their physical medium, since the port that detected FALSE CARRIER independently sources the JAM sequence.
If two ports are colliding and either one, or both, of the ports is in the FALSE CARRIER state, the 100RIC should send JAM to all the ports as in the normal collision case. In the case of the “ONE PORT LEFT” condition, if the false carrier ends last, all ports continue to transmit JAM until the end of the false carrier event described in the preceding scenario. However, if the false carrier event ends first, this port will switch from independently generating the JAM sequence to retransmitting the JAM sequence from the MII, and the JAM sequence does not end during the switch process. It is desirable, depending upon specific implementations, to minimize a time difference between a start of JAM on the port having the false carrier and the start of the JAM sequence on the other ports.
The integrated interface device 110, in the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2, is designed for repeater applications. The internal semiconductor device of integrated interface device 110 may also be repackaged for a switch application. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of an alternate pin out option of an integrated switch interface device 300 using the same internal semiconductor device packaged for the integrated interface device 110 shown in FIG. 2.
The switch interface device 300 of FIG. 3 includes a 160 pin PQFP while the interface device 110 includes a 100 pin PQFP. Since a repeater application is typically much more price sensitive, the additional pin count reduction for interface device 110 is important.
As explained above, in the repeater application, a single RXD<3:0> and TXD<3:0> set of channels (pins), eight total, are multiplexed on the interface device 110 for all four ports of the PHY, with a combination of shared and dedicated control channels for the four ports. This multiplexing permits considerable pin savings over the full MII complement. Since the repeater receives from a single port at any given time, and transmits the same data on one or more of its ports, separation of TXD and RXD is necessary, but individual TXD and RXD nibble groups for each port are not necessary, since the data output from all transmitting ports is the same.
In a switch application, transmit data from any input data port is routed independently to one or more output ports, but not generally to all output ports. In addition, a switch allows many independent conversations to occur simultaneously, and may also permit full duplex operation, requiring each port to send and receive potentially different data at the same time. For the switch application, one full MII is provided for each port, with each MII having an independent TXD and RXD nibble complement.
There is a steering mode for the switch device that uses less than all of the MIIs. In this steering mode, only two of the four MIIs are active, and each one of the four PMD ports is independently coupled to either one of the MIIs. This permits ‘load balancing’ or ‘port mobility’ functions to be achieved.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual repeater 400 including a first repeater device 405, a second repeater device 410, a network device 415 to interconnect the first repeater device 405 with the second repeater device 410, two switches 420 and two switch interface devices 300 (first switch interface device 300 and second switch interface device 300). Network device 415 is, in the preferred embodiment, a bridge or router which is known, and can be used for speed matching. Switch 420 independently routes signals from its four PMDs to either one of its 2 MIIs. Each MII of switch 420 is dedicated to one of the repeater devices, with corresponding outputs of the switches 420 coupled together for coupling to the appropriate repeater device. For example, the first MII output of each switch 420 is coupled to first repeater 405 and the second MII of each switch 420 is coupled to second repeater 410. Switch 420 includes four channels, one coupled to each MII output of switch interfaces 300. In the preferred embodiment, the switch 420 and Switch Interface Device 300 are integrated into the functionality of previously described Interface Device 110 (FIGS. 1 and 2). In addition, the pin savings identified for the MII when operating in this “dual MII to quad PMD mode” can still be realized, again minimizing the pin requirements of first and second repeater device (405 and 410 respectfully). However, some additional pins may be necessary for clocking and or speed selection.
In operation, any MII output from a PHY device of first switch interface 300 1 may be routed to either first repeater device 405 or second repeater device 410. Similarly, any MII output from a PHY device of second switch interface device 300 2 may be routed to either first repeater device 405 or second repeater device 410. If both the first and the second repeater device operate at 100 Mb/s, there would effectively be two collision domains, each operating at 100 Mb/s. This provides for load balancing and an ability to move a port to a desired repeater domain.
A more preferred embodiment provides for first repeater device 405 to operate at 100 Mb/s and for second repeater device 410 to operate at 10 Mb/s. Thus, each MII from switches 420 to the repeater devices operate at different speeds. This is a valid use of the MII, which operates at 25 MHz (×4 bits) for 100 Mb/s operation and at 2.5 MHz (×4 bits) for 10 Mb/sec operation. Each PHY device of the switch interface devices 300 are dual speed (10/100 capable) and designed to Auto-Negotiate between these two speeds. Such dual speed PHY devices, and Auto-Negotiation, are common and widely known in 10/100 BASE-T implementations. By providing the dual MII for four PHY device ports, a 10/100 repeater is constructed, where PHY devices are either forced or allowed to steer themselves (after Auto-Negotiation has completed the speed negotiation of the link and corresponding end station of any particular port). In this way, each front panel port of repeater 400 can support either a 10 Mb/s or a 100 Mb/s station. When connected to the repeater port, the speed capability of the connected device is detected and the PHY device is coupled into the appropriate speed collision domain of the dual speed collision domain repeater.
In conclusion, the present invention provides a simple, efficient solution to a problem of providing a repeater including an integrated repeater device coupled to one or more integrated interface devices in a cost effective and flexible manner. While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims.
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|US7461193||Jan 21, 2005||Dec 2, 2008||Xilinx, Inc.||Network media access controller embedded in a programmable logic device—receive-side client interface|
|US7466668 *||Aug 24, 2001||Dec 16, 2008||Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.||Reduced pin-count system interface for gigabit ethernet physical layer devices|
|US7467319||Jan 21, 2005||Dec 16, 2008||Xilinx, Inc.||Ethernet media access controller embedded in a programmable logic device—clock interface|
|US7484022||Jan 21, 2005||Jan 27, 2009||Xilinx, Inc.||Network media access controller embedded in a programmable logic device—host interface|
|US7493511||Jan 21, 2005||Feb 17, 2009||Xilinx, Inc.||Network media access controller embedded in a programmable logic device—transmit-side client interface|
|US7668194 *||Dec 23, 2004||Feb 23, 2010||Intel Corporation||Dual speed interface between media access control unit and physical unit|
|US7761643||Jan 12, 2009||Jul 20, 2010||Xilinx, Inc.||Network media access controller embedded in an integrated circuit host interface|
|US7934038||Jul 25, 2008||Apr 26, 2011||Xilinx, Inc.||Embedded network media access controller|
|US7991937||Oct 31, 2008||Aug 2, 2011||Xilinx, Inc.||Network media access controller embedded in a programmable device—receive-side client interface|
|US8199672 *||Feb 24, 2009||Jun 12, 2012||Marvell Israel (M.I.S.L.) Ltd.||Method and apparatus for power reduction in network|
|US8228946||Jul 29, 2009||Jul 24, 2012||General Electric Company||Method for fail-safe communication|
|US8270396 *||Sep 20, 2010||Sep 18, 2012||Emulex Desigh & Manufacturing Corporation||Fibre Channel switching fabric port control|
|US8270397 *||Sep 20, 2010||Sep 18, 2012||Emulex Design & Manufacturing Corporation||Fibre channel switching fabric port control|
|US8611257||Jun 7, 2012||Dec 17, 2013||Marvell Israel (M.I.S.L) Ltd.||Method and apparatus for power reduction in network|
|US20020110144 *||Apr 26, 2001||Aug 15, 2002||Patrick Gibson||Automatic detector of media interface protocol type|
|US20020159464 *||Apr 25, 2001||Oct 31, 2002||Lewis Woodrow T.||Method of and system for providing parallel media gateway|
|US20030084195 *||Aug 24, 2001||May 1, 2003||Dove Daniel J.||Reduced pin-count system interface for gigabit ethernet physical layer devices|
|US20050271064 *||Dec 23, 2004||Dec 8, 2005||Luke Chang||Dual speed interface between media access control unit and physical unit|
|US20060029095 *||Oct 11, 2005||Feb 9, 2006||International Business Machines Corporation||Method and system for fast Ethernet serial port multiplexing to reduce I/O pin count|
|US20110007738 *||Sep 20, 2010||Jan 13, 2011||Berman Stuart B||Fibre channel switching fabric port control|
|US20110026411 *||Jul 29, 2009||Feb 3, 2011||Lijing Hao||Methods and systems for fail-safe communication|
|US20110103244 *||Sep 20, 2010||May 5, 2011||Berman Stuart B||Fibre channel switching fabric port control|
|U.S. Classification||370/279, 370/501, 370/492|
|Dec 13, 1996||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CRAYFORD, IAN;SIVAKOLUNDU, RAMESH;CHENG, BING;REEL/FRAME:008272/0709;SIGNING DATES FROM 19961202 TO 19961205
|Aug 20, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 18, 2009||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC., CAYMAN ISLANDS
Free format text: AFFIRMATION OF PATENT ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:023119/0083
Effective date: 20090630
|Aug 10, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 26, 2015||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
“Why keep the victory ball?” 16-year veteran overcomes free agency crisis, wins after 325 days that everyone celebrated
Kiwoom Heroes’ Chung Chan-heon (33) harvested his first win of the season after a three-game, four-game struggle.토토사이트
Chung started the game against KT Wiz in the 2023 Shinhan Bank SOL KBO League at KT Wiz Park in Suwon, South Korea, on March 23 and pitched six innings of three-hit ball with one walk and three strikeouts.
Jeong, who declared himself a free agent after the end of last season but failed to find a team by the end of the exhibition games and was on the verge of becoming a free agent, narrowly missed out on a chance to continue playing this season when he re-signed with Kiwoom for two years and 860 million won. At the time of his signing, it looked like it would take him a while to break into the first team, but after being called up on May 29, he went 1-3 with a 3.27 ERA in four games (22 innings), perfectly filling Kiwoom’s troubled fifth starter spot.
After back-to-back six innings of one-run ball in the first two games, which left him on the losing side, Chung earned his first win of the season in just his fourth appearance. It was his first win in 325 days since a victory over Hanwha on July 2 last year.
His Kiwoom teammates welcomed him with open arms for his first win in nearly a year. They waited for him to do a postgame interview and as soon as the interview ended, they jumped on him and splashed him with water to congratulate him on his victory. He also took the victory ball and gave it to him. He was embarrassed when his teammates asked him, “Why are you doing this? Why did you keep the ball?” but he was happy to receive it.
In a post-match interview, he said, “The feeling is not that new. However, I’m glad that I was able to help the team in the direction of a winning streak when we’re still at the bottom of the table. In the previous match, it wasn’t that I was unlucky, but I think my energy was low. Today, the two-hitter came together well. I have to give a lot of credit to the beasts,” he said after the win.
Now in his 16th year as a professional, Jung has a career record of 49 wins, 56 losses, 28 holds, 46 saves and a 4.76 ERA in 393 games (764 innings) in the KBO. He needs one more win to reach the 50-win plateau.

domain: news


text: The star of The Cleverly Show, Cleverly Stone, joins In the Loop. Cleverly created Houston Restaurant Weeks to help raise money for the Houston Food Bank. Houston Restaurant Weeks is the single largest fundraiser in the United States benefiting the largest food bank in America. Since 2003 Houston Restaurant Weeks has raised $6 million for the Houston Food Bank. This has enabled the Food Bank to provide almost 18 million meals for Houstonians who are food insecure.

domain: sociology


text:
Nalkheda: If you want seek information under right to information (RTI) from Nalkheda municipal council then you must think twice as it seems that the authorities here want to shield the information behind iron curtains.
As per an applicant the authorities here refused to answer her RTI request by giving lame excuses like the data sought is extensive and voluminous or records are not updated.
The aggrieved local Monali, daughter of Ashok Kumar Saklecha, filed an RTI on July 9 this year after her ancestral house was demolished by the municipal council about seven months back.
Her RTI application comprised 12 questions varying from why local authorities demolished house in ward no 9, validity of map verification done by the municipal council to the panchnama and other tenders and quotation related documents.
After waiting for two months, municipal council responded to her on September 9. According to Monali most of the questions raised by have not been answered. She alleges that municipal council dodged or refused to provide a response under the pretext that the information sought by her is related to an individual or confidential information and it cannot be provided. Regarding information related to the tender or quotations invited by municipal council between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2020, the council claimed that the tender book is not updated, or the information sought by the applicant is extensive and voluminous.
Levelling serious allegations of providing false information about the land record which she has sought, Monali alleged that authority is not ready to provide correct information just to cover-up the land scam which is underway in the village at large.
Monali alleged that more than two months back, she visited the chief municipal officer’s office seeking some records. However, after running from pillar to post for weeks, she failed to get the required information.
Fed-up of this, she decided to seek information through the RTI. On July 9, she filed an RTI seeking information related to the financial details as well as land records and tenders and quotations invited by the council in recent times.
Monali said after waiting for two-months, she got a reply, but the information provided by the council is either incorrect or has been denied under various pretexts. She alleged that she is ready to pay for photocopy of the documents.
When contacted chief municipal officer Bharat Singh Parihar claimed that all the information provided by the council is complete and correct.
“Council has provided all the information that she has sought through the RTI. Some information is confidential or related to an individual or the tender book is not updated, we made it clear in the reply,” Parihar said.


Meyer's zoysia has been commercially available for more than 60 years, It is one of the most common varieties of zoysia that has been used by landscapers in the southern United States. It has a thick lush appearance and a medium leaf texture of 3mm to 5mm. Meyer's zoysia will look great in any home application where the area does not get too much traffic. Does well with a rotary mower and needs to be cut in a range of 3/4 inch to 1 1/2 inches in height.
Medium leaf texture 3mm to 5mm
Withstands normal foot traffic
Recovery from damage a little slower than other zoysias
Good shade tolerance
Meyer Zoysia does well in warm weather conditions
This grass works well for USDA zones 7 to 10
Handles 45 percent shade
This grass is aesthetically attractive and has a nice color and leaf texture. It is resistant to fall Army worms. It has a soft feel and is nice to walk on with bare feet. The grass can be mowed with a rotary mower and is easy to maintain. Since Meyer's has been on the market so long, most maintenance companies are familiar with the timing of pre-emergeny herbicides that work well with the grass.
Does not recover from damage like other grasses. Uses more water than some of the newer strains of zoysia. Has a problem with brown patch, dollar spot, and rust.


text:
I was disappointed with the performance of the granny square scrubber. It was too flimsy. I made this circle type several years ago as Christmas gifts and prefer them. To get the stiffer scrubber I used a smaller hook (J 10-6.00MM).
Sl St that together into a circle.
DC 9 around the circle.
Sl St that to the Ch 3.
DC 2 or 3 in each around the circle - that is when I ran our of tulle but you get the idea.
CH - chain stitch
Sl St - slip stitch

domain: hobby


text:
Made from hand-woven cotton linen, the Auckland-based duo of Greta van der Star and Bailey Meredith work alongside a company in India that aims to preserve their handlooming practises and, by doing so, provide work in their community.
The girls promise that their pyjamas will get softer and softer the more you wash and wear them... We think they're sound perfect for those slow weekend mornings ahead!
See their film below, created on Super 8 film, that celebrates those kind of mornings where you can just take your time...
Images by Greta van der Star featuring Veronica Crockford-Pound with art department by Yasmine Ganley. Film credits: Directed by Greta van der Star. Featuring Veronica Crockford Pound. Art department Yasmine Ganley. Edited by Tim Flower. Branding by Natasha Mead. Music by Francis Bebey.

domain: entertainment


The Antigravity ATZ-10-RS is a hi-power, lightweight Lithium-Ion battery, built with our groundbreaking RE-START Technology (built-in jump-starting) so you won’t ever get stranded with a dead battery again! Directly replaces the OEM Lead/Acid YTZ10S and other similar size batteries.
- YTZ10 case size: 5.9 x 3.46 x 3.62 inches (LxWxH)
- 360 Cranking Amps
- 12 Amp Hours (PbEq)/ 6.1Ah (Actual)
- 2.6 lbs
- Safest Battery Technology using full BMS and Lifepo4 Lithium chemistry
- Compatible with 6 OEM battery sizes (see below)
- Can be mounted in any orientation
RE-START Series: FIRST Batteries with Built-In Jump-Starting!
OEM Size Lithium Battery (Direct Replacement)
Never stranded again… Antigravity Batteries introduces the groundbreaking “RE-START (RS)” line of batteries – the first batteries with built-in jump starting! The revolutionary ATZ-10 RE-START Battery intelligently monitors its status, and just before going completely dead puts itself to sleep with just enough energy to get your vehicle started again. Simply press the RE-START Button located on the battery, start your vehicle and drive away… No more dead battery emergencies or being stranded!
Is your battery hard to reach in your motorcycle or powersports vehicle? Use our NEW RE-START REMOTE accessory to activate the built-in Jump Starting of our batteries, instead of having to access the battery and push the RE-START Button. Simply connects to your existing Battery Charging Harness (SAE/Battery Tender type) to remotely activate the RE-START feature of the battery. No need to remove your seat or access the battery.
The ATZ-10 Re-Start Battery is an extremely lightweight and high-power Lithium-Ion replacement for the heavy lead/acid YTZ-10 battery found in many Motorcycles including most Street and Off-Road Motorcycles and Powersport Vehicles on the market. Additionally, the ATZ10-RS offers the first FULL Battery Management System (BMS) found on a Powersport Battery and includes low-voltage cut-off, over-discharge protections, over-charge protections, and thermal protections with real-time lithium-ion cell balancing. If you want to also track your battery status via Bluetooth, you can use the Lithium Battery Tracker.
- Most Advanced Lithium Battery on the market.
- World’s First Battery with Built-in Jump Starting, using our RE-START Technology.
- World’s First Powersport Battery with a FULL Battery Management System (BMS) including Over-Discharge, Over-Charge*, Thermal Protections and Cell Balancing.
- RE-START TECHNOLOGY: The RE-START Battery intelligently monitor its status; if it senses over-discharge it will put itself into a sleep mode, yet saves enough energy to allow you to RE-START your vehicle. Simply press the RE-START
- button on battery, or use our NEW RE-START REMOTE.
- LONGER LIFE: Up to twice the lifecycle of lead/acid, and other Lithium batteries due to full Battery Management system.
- HI POWER: Up to 2 Times the Cranking Amps of similar sized lead/acid batteries. Better Starting and higher voltage at start-up.
- ULTRA LIGHTWEIGHT: Up to 70% lighter than equivalent lead/acid battery. Up to 15 lbs in bikes or 40 pounds in some Race Cars. Carbon Fiber costs thousands to lose a pound of weight; with our LiFePO4 battery a few hundred dollars will
- lose roughly 8-15 pounds and offers better starting and handling!
- NEW 4 Terminal Design allows easy installation in any vehicle. Fits right or left hand Negative or Positive connections. No more looking for the correct Terminal locations in certain bikes.
- LOW SELF-DISCHARGE: The RE-START Batteries do not self-discharge like Lead/Acid Batteries. They can be stored 3x longer than lead/acid but should be checked every 4-6 months or sooner if connected to a vehicle with “Parasitic
- Drains” (accessories that draw power when bike is off, i.e. alarms, ECUs, GPS, heated grips, and other accessories the vehicle might have).
- DURABILITY: Our lithium batteries are shock and vibration resistant making them perfect for Racing, and other applications requiring a durable battery.
- MOUNTING: You can mount our battery in any orientation, there are no liquids to spill or drain out.
- ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFER BATTERY: No Acid or Heavy Metals such as Lead, Cadmium, or Mercury.
(*Over-Charge protection will not protect from a faulty/old Voltage Regulator spiking Hi-Voltages to Battery. If you have a Pre-1990s Motorcycle replace your voltage regulator; it is over 25 year old and most likely broken by now.)
- For replacement of all OEM Lead/Acid Batteries of same size.
- Excellent for every day use in bikes up to 1000cc.
- Excellent for Race Cars or Motorcycles up to 1400cc.
Replace YTZ & YTX Models


text:
Hollywood loves to rewrite history – not only their recent movie history, but actual history history. Here in the context of some mutant hybrid of a prequel and a reboot — a preboot? a requel? — Hollywood has decided to (almost completely – but not without some fan boy in-jokes and cameos) erase the history of the X-Men franchise (and quite honestly, who can blame them after the Wolverine train wreck?) while simultaneously providing us with a shocking Inglourious Basterds style revision of history. Who knew that mutants were behind the Cuban Missile Crisis? Thanks, Hollywood! Knowledge is power!
But the real reason to provide a backdrop like the Cuban Missile Crisis is to create an excuse to go totally a go-go and deck smokin’ hot babes in short skirts and high boots and give uber-villains cool pads with all kinds of Ikea-inspired furniture. You won’t find me complaining here – the film (and the ladies and the set pieces and the special effects) look fantastic. At some points this thing was so groovy I half expected Dr. Evil to waltz through the door and ask the mutants if they were enjoying their quasi-futuristic clothes.
Matthew Vaughn (of Kick-Ass fame) is just the right type of hipster director to pull this style off with panache. And the screenwriters provide oodles of back-story, relationship building and political maneuvering for the parade of zany characters, both human and mutant alike, and all eagerly sucked into the kinetic energy and all-for-fun (but not without a little maudlin excess) feel of X-Men: First Class. Sure, there’s plenty of cheesy dialogue (the “Mutant and Proud!” line is overused) and one too many montages, but really, who cares about that stuff?
Rounding up a world-class cast of up-and-coming talent helps the proceedings immensely. As the future Professor X, James McAvoy, in his post Atonement career, seems to be making a case to become the most awkward action star of his generation (remember Wanted?). Meanwhile, Michael Fassbender is fast rising up to the A-list with his versatile choices from Inglourious Basterds to Jane Eyre to this. As the mutant who would become Magneto, he’s hella-good. Then there’s Jennifer Lawrence snatched fresh from her Oscar-nominated turn in Winter’s Bone to play the young Mystique. There’s no doubt here – she’s a star, baby. Don’t forget a perfectly cast January Jones stepping confidently from her role as “Ice Queen” Betty Draper on TV’s Mad Men to villainous Emma Frost in X-Men. Lastly, good ol’ boy Kevin Bacon hams it up to great effect as the lunatic trying to start World War III.
Amidst Vaughn’s 1960’s spy flick inspired imagery, there’s inter-spliced newsreels of Kennedy’s speeches, Russian and American ships facing off outside Cuba, broken-hearted mutants (really this is as much a love story between Professor X and Magneto as anything else), a bumbling CIA, and a go-go dancer with insect wings who spits fire. As much as I enjoyed this, after the credits rolled I wondered not about Matthew Vaughn’s continuation of this saga, but instead pondered…when is Matthew Vaughn going to direct a James Bond movie?
Sounds like good fun but probably not much food for thought. I’ll skip this one though. But good witty review (“…hybrid of a prequel and a reboot — a preboot? a requel? —”), that was good 😉
Prakash – after I thought I was oh-so-clever I saw other people using the word preboot in their reviews. Ugh. –DHS
So do I see X-men or Super 8? Don’t make fun of James McAvoy. Loved him in The Last Station, Becoming Jane, Atomement, The Last King of Scotland, and the Chronicles of Narnia. Loved him “bestest” in Atonement.
Dianne – why not see both? It’s a good week to be a moviegoer. I plan on catching The Tree of Life and Super 8. –DHS
Dave, even though I haven’t seen the movie yet, this was a good read. I’ve been a longtime X-Men fan and have a good bit of interest in this, even if I’m not as enthusiastic about seeing it as I was the others. I guess this was because “Origins: Wolverine” was so awful (I mean, really, Wolverine has such an awesome back story and yet they pooched it!) and Matthew Vaughn directed “Kick Ass,” what I considered to be 2010’s worst movie by far. But I love that it’s set in the 60’s and I’m drinking the “McAvoy” Kool Aid as well, so I’m sure I’ll be checking this out very soon.
Chris – this is easily the best X-Men film to date – though admittedly I was never a big fan of the series in the first place. I was no supporter of Kick Ass either, though it was stylishly directed, and Vaughn knows what he’s doing here. –DHS
David, I saw X-Men and Super 8 Friday night. So you read my mind. Super 8 was “That Seventies Show” which is a good thing and X-Men was alternate history groovy!
Glad you enjoyed them both! I’m checking out Super 8 later in the week. Should be fun. –DHS
B??? WTF ?? This is one of the best movies i have ever seen, this movie deserves A+
Oh, c’mon! I liked the film a lot – but an A+ should be reserved for the best of the best – the one of a kind cinematic masterpieces – the timeless classics. I guess it’s all a matter of taste, though, and ratings/grades are arbitrary so I guess it doesn’t matter. One person’s A+ is another’s B. –DHS

domain: artistic


Hitachi Software has unveiled version 4.0 of the Unix version of its JP1 performance monitoring tools and version 2.0 of the Windows NT release. The NT version of the product now integrates with the Network Node Manager module of Hewlett-Packard's Openview network management product, to enable users to manage such events as network batch queuing, job scheduling and network printing. The offering also supports version 4.0 of NT and Digital Equipment's Alpha hardware for the first time, and can now monitor Microsoft's Exchange Server, IBM's Lotus Notes and SMTP and POP3-compliant clients. JP1 costs between #1,500 and #2,000 and is due to ship on 1 May.
Microsoft receives a 30 per cent cut of all purchases on the Xbox digital store
Credit card thieves used Apple ID accounts to buy and sell virtual currency for Clash of Clans and Clash Royale and Marvel Contest of Champions
$5.1bn fine further evidence that the EU is anti-US, claims Trump
New cable will connect Virginia to France


text:
Classic chocolate profile with juicy stone fruit notes and a bright aftertaste of sweet orange. These coffee beans are grown in a warm and fertile region, giving them a delicious complexity and a juicy body which will appeal to both lovers of the classics and coffee afficionados.
Arara, Red Bourbon
Clean Medium Body
Orange, Stone Fruits, Chocolate
In 1902, an Italian family embarked on a voyage to Brazil to create a new life. They settled in Campinas and began growing coffee. In 1908, the eldest son Donato started a booth at the city's market, selling green coffee beans and educating housewives on proper coffee roasting. This business was unique because of its emphasis on education. Over time, the family expanded their venture and established a gourmet shop. After a pause of working with coffee and the parents' passage, Donato took over the family business. In 1976, the family reinvested in agriculture and founded Daterra, which initially explored various farming ventures but eventually rediscovered coffee—the bean that started their journey. The region where Daterra farms are situated offers an ideal climate for coffee cultivation, with steady weather patterns characterized by dry-fresh winters and warm-wet summers.

domain: food


text:
I don’t need to have the last word or the first. I must own each one I have been given in between.
Ah, good advice. And so well put!
Thanks, Georgia. I am just glad it leaves me with a lot of words.
Why is it that poets (myself included) always want that last one?
love these small stones you give us Susan(awesome reblog too–art)
Thanks, hon.That art was plexus-hitting.
Pingback: What I Heard~Small Stone 11 « Mlissabeth's Musings
I must have been born a poet. I’ve always wanted the last word. Yep I really do. Like. To. Have. The. Last……. Word. Yep. Well. Bye. Later.;-)
🙂 later, Alice. Happy weekend!
Excellent Sus 🙂
Thanks, Nelle. My new philosophy–now all I have to do is IMPLEMENT it 😉
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domain: literature


text:
Ok, I fibbed... I do have one more post for you today. Its the "other"part of every other Friday, which means that its time for another Clearly Inspired Challenge hosted by me over on Lori's blog - Clearly iStamp . Head on over for all the details on how you can join in on the fun. Its easy!
Clear Dollar Stamps is the sponsor of course and one randomly drawn winner will get to chose any stamp set of their choice next Friday - woo hoo.
As many of you know I just got back from CHA and my most prized goody was a signed NEW die from Tim Holtz. We stood in line to get this and it was worth it, so I had to stick that in there with my picture because, I of course had to use it :) Its a new card edge die and I used both designs. You can see the 2 edges on the pinwheel paper.
The colors for the challenge are RED, BLACK, WHITE, with the option of PINK. I originally picked these colors because Valentine's Day is right around the corner, but I ended up not doing a Valentine's theme at all.
I instead, used a soon to be released stamp set that was shown yesterday called Silhouette Thoguhts. I used the cake and stand. I inked it with my CTMH white pigment ink and then kissed it with the little flower image that comes in the set. The designer paper is actually from the Cosmo Cricket holiday line, but it worked fabulous!
Head on over and join the fun! Thanks for coming to visit and have a great day!
Stamps: Silhouette Thoughts (CDstamps)
Ink: White Daisy (CTMH), Black pigment (Colorbox)
Cardstock/Designer Paper: Black (CTMH), White (PTI), Jolly by Golly (Cosmo Cricket)
Embellishments: Buttons (PTI)
Tools: Tim Holtz die cut (Sizzix), Edge Distressor (CTMH), Cuttlebug (Provo Craft)

domain: design


text:
- It is bringing Copilot which is powered by AI.
- The build also includes new developer features & Voice Access.
- Insider Preview is the beta version of the Windows operating system.
Microsoft has officially released the latest version of its Windows 11 Insider Preview Builds 22621.2129 and 22631.2129 to the Beta Channel and the same is bringing some really exciting and cool features on the board. So let’s get into the article to check out the details.
The developers of Microsoft have introduced the Windows Copilot Preview which is powered by AI. This particular feature offers an integrated UI experience and the same will interact seamlessly with your desktop content.
Microsoft is also offering a new storage volume and the same is designed to boost performance for key developer workloads and the company is offering features such as enabling developers to effectively manage performance and security profiles. The update is also bringing a Performance mode and this particular feature is available inside the Microsoft Defender Antivirus, and this is introduced specially for the new storage volume called Dev Drive.
It is also getting Narrator enhancements and the same is optimizing the interaction with the Microsoft Excel program, and the same is providing a better and more efficient reading experience.
The new update is also enhancing and improving voice access with new “correction” and “spell that” commands. That will be improving text dictation accuracy. The developers have also made available voice access in more areas in the Windows operating system that will enable users to log in to their PC and access other areas on the Lock screen using their voice.
It is believed that the new features will be available in the stable version of the operating system in the near future.
Read interesting news, reviews as well as tips & tricks on TechnoBugg website, and stay updated with the latest happenings of the tech world on the go with Technobugg App. Also follow on Google News and join our Telegram channel for the latest updates.


text:
The 2020 ANZ Community Ball is to be held at the Adelaide Convention Centre on 14th March 2020 and tickets are on sale now! Enjoy a fabulous night out while supporting those in need with all proceeds from the night going to 12 South Australian Charities – last year nearly $250,000 was raised for worthy causes.
The host of the fundraiser for 2020 will be the Jodi Lee Foundation. Founded 10 years ago when Nick Lee lost his wife Jodi to bowel cancer, Jodi was diagnosed at age 39 and lost her battle two short years later.
The Jodi Lee Foundation now reaches millions of Australians through its national initiatives, empowering people to take active steps to prevent bowel cancer by acting quickly on symptoms, screening for bowel cancer every two years from age 50 and leading healthy lives.
“Hosting the Ball is not only an extension of the valuable partnership with ANZ but it also allows us the opportunity to educate more South Australians and raise much needed funds to continue our quest to eliminate Australia’s second biggest cancer killer. All partnerships are important but this partnership with ANZ is saving lives.” – Jodi Lee Foundation Chair Nick Lee
Brendan Rinaldi is the ANZ Business Banking General Manager for SA/NT, he says the event is a chance for the local business community to come together to support several organisations that all make an important contribution to communities across the state.
“ANZ is proud to partner with the Jodi Lee Foundation to bring our local community together for a fun night showcasing outstanding local entertainment, premium South Australian produce and, importantly, providing support for local charities.”
The event is also supported by key sponsors including KordaMentha, InDaily, Peter Kittle Toyota, Kaesler Wines, Saint & Scholar and OTR. Proceeds from the ball will support 12 local charities including the Jodi Lee Foundation, Backpacks 4 SA Kids, Hutt Street Centre, LifeChanger Foundation, Royal Flying Doctor Service and United Way South Australia just to name a few.
International music sensation James Morrison and his amazing Motown Band will provide entertainment on the night. Plus you’ll enjoy a feature from the 2019 Generations in Jazz Big Band Winner, Prince Alfred College.
This black tie event includes a major raffle and charity auction with a brand new Toyota Corolla Hybrid up for grabs thanks to Peter Kittle Toyota. ANZ has also rallied its network of community and business leaders to donate items including travel, entertainment, media packages, food and leisure packages and sporting goods.


Originally Posted by JohnTF
Cameras are like guns, most of them shoot better than I.
An intriguing analogy, as I have a 1930s Colt National Match. I can shoot a lot
straighter with that than I can with a 'cooking' Colt .45, but how much is that (a) expectation/'comfort'/sentimental value (we inherited it from my late father-in-law) and (b) the fact that it's factory blueprinted?
Perhaps still more relevantly, how close is the analogy between 'shooting straight' (which is pretty much all there is with a gun) and technical/ aesthetic qualities in photography?


The festival performances will be broadcast on Facebook and Youtube.
Click here to be directed to our Facebook page
Click here to be directed to our Youtube channel
The Brooklyn Folk Festival will be online! And has new dates: October 23rd-25th, 2020.
This year, the festival will be presented in an online-only format.
All performances, film screenings and listening parties are free, no tickets required
Donations gladly accepted!
Workshops are ticketed and will be taught via Zoom.
You will receive an email with the Zoom link following your ticket purchase.
Due to the ongoing Covid-19 health crisis, we have moved the Brooklyn Folk Festival to be an online-only presentation, filmed live on stage at the Jalopy Theatre.
There will be no in-theatre audience – we will be live streaming the festival on the world wide web, with high quality audio and video for all to see and hear.
All concert performances will be free! (with donations gladly accepted) + workshops (tix required), presentations, listening parties, films and more!
Now you can tune into the Brooklyn Folk Festival from anywhere. And it’s free! Tell friends, and look out for more updates coming soon!
*Animated poster art by Emily New


Cotton-Wool Check Long Sleeve Sport Shirt
Treat yourself to a button-down shirt that offers extra warmth while retaining a light, breathable feel without sacrificing your refined style. Button-down collar. Chest pocket. Adjustable cuffs. 80% cotton, 20% wool. Machine wash or dry clean. Imported.
- 80% cotton, 20% wool
- Windowpane check
- Button-down collar


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Ransoms: Ransoms are a 4 piece British Alternative Rock band hailing from Colchester, Essex. Delivering sobering melodies about love, loss and all the shit in between, Ransoms blend Brit Rock felt guitar tones with solid rhythms and a voice you want to believe.
Get your fix here: www.facebook.com/Ransoms.uk
Hunt for Titans: Awesome band from Essex/Suffolk. Fans of kick ass rock will love these guys..
See them here: www.facebook.com/Huntfortitans/
Faith in Physics : A unique five piece bundle of energy from Essex, fusing punk and rocky influences with their own originality and style to create an exclusive and modern sound.
Doors 8pm .
Online bookings are closed for this event but tickets may still be available on the door.


NEWS: The chief executive of Blippar has commented on the announcement that free WiFi internet will be provided on parts of the London Underground.
NEWS: Research undertaken by marketing communications consultancy Hidden has found that consumers are more likely to purchase a product after experiencing augmented reality (AR).
NEWS: 3D technology specialist Inition is preparing to host an event exploring 'a new era of visualisation, entertainment and interactive applications' at its Shoreditch offices next week.
NEWS: Digital signage technology provider Stratacache has announced that it is exhibiting for the first time at ISA International Sign Expo in Las Vegas, USA, from April 4th to 6th.
FEATURE: FESPA Global Summit brought together presenters and attendees from across the world and across the print supply chain. Laurel Brunner explores the ideas that were generated and what they could mean for the future of print.
FEATURE: On the eve of 2013, PSPs may be reflecting on advice to diversify into cross-media and become marketing service providers. Laurel Brunner serves up some food for thought.
NEWS: Metaio has released the latest version of its Metaio Creator drag-and-drop design software and added the ability to manage content and apps in the cloud.
FEATURE: After too many bad experiences with QR codes, James Matthews-Paul asks why we are still fascinated by them.
NEWS: High street fashion retailer New Look has launched the first of its new concept stores at Marble Arch in London, featuring interactive window displays powered by augmented reality app Blippar.
NEWS: Media owner CBS Outdoor and mobile 'visual discovery platform' Blippar have joined forces to bring the CBS Look for Longer campaign to life through AR.
OPINION: There’s currently a real buzz around the out-of-home (OOH) sector, and it’s easy to see why, according to Matt Gordon, co-founder of Limited Space.
NEWS: Famed vegetarian the Jolly Green Giant has been brought to life in an augmented reality campaign at New York's Grand Central Station.
FEATURE: James Matthews-Paul reports on the last month's Cross Media 2012 event, assessing its audience profile and educational series, and determining whether or not its inaugural outing was a success.
NEWS: Over 2.5bn augmented reality (AR) smartphone and tablet apps are expected to be downloaded each year by 2017, according to a report.
NEWS: Eye will this week switch on Amplify, a technology-agnostic out-of-home advertising platform that allows campaigns to extend onto smartphones.
FEATURE: Morwenna Kearns previews digital signage event Screenmedia Expo 2012.
NEWS: NEC is to host its 2012 Display Showcase at The O2 arena in London, UK on April 25th. DOOH association The Screen is hosting a complementary briefing event.
FEATURE: In the last installation of his FESPA Digital 2012 round-up, James Matthews-Paul discusses attendance, user experience at corporate stands, problems with wayfinding and more.
FEATURE: FESPA's visitors last week were invited to explore the wider opportunities of printed matter, and while a couple of key names were absent there were some valuable new additions to the exhibitor roster.
FEATURE: Kiosks in the sense of interactive self-service have become a large part of the digital signage market. Morwenna Kearns looks at the applications.
NEWS: Out-of-home advertising agency Eye has teamed up with video games manufacturer Sega in a new augmented reality campaign.
OPINION: The now established Digital Signage Best Practice Award scheme at the Viscom Düsseldorf trade fair reminds us how useful, lucrative and downright cool digital signage applications can be.
NEWS: Hidden Creative has launched its new application for gesture-controlled window displays this week.
NEWS: A 'reverse vending machine' designed to collect used cans and bottles that uses augmented reality digital signage is on display this week.
NEWS: Augmented reality (AR) marketing group Hidden has announced the availability of its new offering, 'Augmented reality marketing strategies: the how to guide for marketers'.
NEWS: It has been announced that AITech has introduced a new digital signage software platform with augmented reality capabilities to the market.
NEWS: Ocean Outdoor's first augmented reality digital outdoor advert has been launched on its large-format outdoor screen in Birmingham, which allows passersby to interact with a virtual 'angel'.


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Immersive performance that celebrates one of Brooklyn's most historic sites
Weeksville Heritage Center is a historic venue that fuses traditional and contemporary architecture. The unique building is the perfect setting for Fertile Grounds, an immersive performance that deftly explores the Center's two sides. Local artists have teamed up with esteemed choreographer Blacka Di Danca to conjure words, dance, and song that vividly recount the building's history through the ages.
“With its many open-air and site-specific events, the festival aims to facilitate discovery, to orchestrate encounters with the unexpected.”


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Sphynx Cats: What You Should Know Before You Buy One | PetHelpful - Adult sphynx cats
- Views: 335 464
Learn all about the sphynx cat breed, including its personality & history, and find out whether this hairless cat breed is a match for your family. The Sphynx seems like a contradiction: a hairless cat? But people who come to know him soon fall under the spell of this bald but beautiful feline. His warmth.

domain: pet


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Monitoramento da atividade microbiana e ensaios ecotoxicológicos com o pesticida amicarbazone em solo agrícola
Siqueira, Beatriz Zanata
MetadataShow full item record
Bioremediation is a process used in the treatment of areas contaminated by chemical compounds, in which microorganisms are used for the biodegradation of these substances, promoting the decontamination of certain environments. Pesticides are currently used to maintain large productions, but they negatively impact the environment, with the residues that are deposited in the soil. The main objective of the work was to verify the effectiveness of the microbial community in biodegrading and detoxifying a soil contaminated by the herbicide amicarbazone, which is widely used in sugarcane crops. For this, the Bartha and Pramer respirometry method was used to quantify CO2 generated from microbial activity over 60 days, with three different tools being evaluated (20 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 2000 mg/L) make herbicide. Subsequently, a kinetic mathematical modeling was performed to analyze the results, identifying that the test containing 200 mg/L would produce a maximum of 712.96 mg of accumulated CO2. After the biodegradation process, an ecotoxicity test was performed on Lactuca sativa seeds, there was no decrease in the toxicity of the herbicide in the 200 and 2000 mg/L installations, and it was possible to observe a greater growth of the seedling roots, such as which were previously heavily affected by the herbicide. The results obtained encourage future research on the analysis of the behavior of amicarbazone with the environment.
The following license files are associated with this item:

domain: agronomy


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Police arrested a Louisiana woman on drug charges after police determined the $5,000 cash she used to post an inmate’s bail had a “strong odor of marijuana.”
When police smelled the cash that 33-year-old Stormy Lynn Parfait used on Friday to post bail, they began an investigation.
Investigators searched her car while she was still at the jail and found nearly $40,000 more inside, along with about 100 Klonopin pills and a food stamp card that wasn’t registered to her, according to the sheriff’s statement.
Police also found marijuana, cocaine and paraphernalia, when they searched her home. Four unattended children there were turned over to a relative.
Parfait was charged with multiple counts of possession with intent to distribute drugs, four counts of illegal use of a controlled drug in the presence of persons under 17, taking contraband to or into a correctional institution and other related charges, authorities said.

domain: law


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WHO: Hello! We are looking for people who love to sing, ages 11-19 years old.
WHAT: This group strives to share the joy of singing with supportive peers and our community. It is completely FREE for students, and provides valuable opportunities to learn, and collaborate with other vocalists in the area.
WHEN: Participation will include weekly practice (Fridays at 4:30), and 5-6 performance events (details TBA).
WHERE: We meet in person at Ellington Studios in Angier. Rehearsal information and resources can be found here. Save this link for info and practice materials!
If you have questions please contact Elizabeth Ellington at (919) 586-5228.Thank you for your interest in our group. We look forward to meeting you!First Fall Rehearsal: Friday 08/18/23 | 4:30 pm | 51 S. Raleigh Street, Angier NC, 27501


Introduction: Smart Mirror by Raspberry Pi
The mirror should show time, date and weather information as well as status information about smart home switches and what music is currently playing.
Step 1: Things You Need
To create the smart mirror you need the following stuff
- Raspberry Pi WIFI dongle (except for Raspberry Pi 3, this one has included WIFI)
- Monitor (i used a BenQ 24'')
- Picture frame (got one from https://wunsch-bilderrahmen.de in germany)
- One-way mirror (got one from https://www.myspiegel.de/ in germany), but you can also use acrylic see-through mirror
- Wooden slats to extend the picture frame so it can contain the monitor
- Angle bracket to hold the monitor in the frame
- Black duct tape to avoid direct glass to metal contact
- Wood glue and wooden plug to glue the picture frame and the wooden border together
- Wire or cord for mounting as well as screw anchors
- Cable channel
- Bar clamp
- Drill machine
If you want a background light by a led strip, you need also the following
- Led-strip with controller, see this project RC-controlled-LED-strip
- 433 MHz sender
There is a list that contains the main costs of the project.
- Picture-frame – 28€ ~ 29.3$
- One-way mirror – 73€ ~ 76.6$
- BenQ GL2450 – 100€ ~ 104.9$
- Raspberry Pi 3 – 37€ ~ 38.8€
- Wooden slats (already cutted into right length) – 15€ ~ 15.7$
- LED strip 6€
This sums up to 259€ ~ 272$ assuming you have all the small stuff like tools, wooden glue, screws etc.. But as i already mentioned, reason to build the mirror was the unused monitor, raspi and led-strip so i invested 116€ ~ 122$ to give them a new task.
Step 2: Prepare the Monitor Panel
The first step to do is to remove the bezel from the monitor panel. That's necessary to get the right size of the monitor panel. You will need the size to get the picture frame, the one-way mirror and the wooden slats in the right size.
There are already several descriptions how to remove the bezel. Take a look at this search result for more information https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=remove+monitor+bezel+
Next i put a black duct tape on the metal border of the monitor panel. The first reason is to avoid direct metal to glass contact later when i put the monitor on the mirror. The second reason is to avoid reflection of the metal, so i choose the black color that should absorb incoming light.
Step 3: Create the Frame
Once we know the right size of the monitor panel we can order the picture frame, the one-way mirror and the wooden slats. I ordered a picture frame and one-way mirror matching exactly together so the mirror is held by the picture frame. However, the monior must also be fixed so i created a border on the back of the picture frame that should contain the monitor.
I connected the wooden slats by wood glue, wooden plugs and screws to be save. The first picture shows two holes for wooden plugs in the picture frame. Be careful not to drill through the picture frame, that would look not that good. The second picture shows the holes for the screws, once again, be careful not to drill the screw through the picture frame.
The border also needs a hole for the outgoing cables as well as a hole for led strip, if you want to use one.
Step 4: Putting Pieces Together
When the frame is complete, we can put things together. The mirror is fixed by the monitor. To fix the monitor onto the wooden frame i added two angle brackets on three sides, makes six angles. The fourth black side of the monitor panel is covered with a circuit board, so i skip this one.
The center metal box contains the electronic for the monitor panel and was originally fixed by the bezel of the monitor. Now without the bezel i added the brown tape to fix this box on the monitor. I connected a green cord on the left and right wooden slats by screws, this will be needed to mount the mirror on a wall.
I placed the raspberry pi in the bottom left corner and the led-strip controller on the bottom right. The GPIOs of the raspi are connected to a 433 MHz sender to set the color of the led-strip. But the sender can also have some more functionality for example, controlling some wireless sockets.
Step 5: Install the Software
To configure the raspberry pi you have to clone the github repo:
git clone firstname.lastname@example.org:dabastynator/SmartMirror.git
And edit the file ~/SmartMirror/smart_config.js to set the openweatherapi key and the remote-control-system security token:
var mSecurity = 'token=';
var mOpenWeatherKey = '';
Now the raspberry pi should show the midori browser on startup and also hide the mouse cursor on inactivity by unclutter. Therefore add following lines on ~/.bashrc:
# Hide mouse on inactivity
unclutter -display :0 -noevents -grab &
midori -e Fullscreen -a $mirror >> $log &
Next i remove the default blank screen on 6 min of inactivity described on this page: http://www.etcwiki.org/wiki/Disable_screensaver_and_screen_blanking_Raspberry_Pi. Therefore modify the file /etc/kbd/config and changes this lines:
And add this additional lines to the file /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE-pi/autostart.
@xset s noblank
@xset s off
To turn the screen by 90° i added the following lines into /boot/config.txt.
# Rotate screen into protrait mode
That's it. My experience now is to better use a real led monitor instead of a lcd monitor. That should produce less light on the black area, consume less power and should be lighter and thinner. My mirror weighs 10 kg.


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Published on Jun 18, 2011
God had died but he is alive in the creation. I am on one of my retreats in the mountains in Peru where I stayed meditating all alone for 2 weeks. The place is quite far away (2 hours walking from the furthest village) and there was nobody there but me.

domain: geography


In the ever-evolving world of smartphones, Apple has always stayed at the forefront of innovation, setting the bar higher with each new release. The anticipation surrounding the release of the iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Pro Max, and iPhone 15 Plus is palpable, with rumors and leaks circulating relentlessly. This blog will delve into the latest developments, specifications, and price details of these groundbreaking devices, while also exploring iPhone 14 Pro Max as a point of reference. Furthermore, we will take a closer look at the exclusive iPhone offers and the iPhone price in UAE.
iPhone 15 Series: A Glimpse into the Future
Apple’s iPhone 15 series is expected to redefine the boundaries of smartphone technology. Rumors suggest that the iPhone 15 will feature a cutting-edge A16 Bionic chip, ensuring lightning-fast performance and enhanced AI capabilities. On the other hand, the iPhone 15 Pro Max and iPhone 15 Plus are anticipated to boast even more advanced features, such as ProMotion displays with a 120Hz refresh rate and substantial camera improvements.
The camera upgrades are particularly exciting, with the Pro models rumored to offer enhanced low-light performance and computational photography capabilities. The iPhone 15 series is likely to continue Apple’s tradition of stunning design, featuring sleek, premium materials and a variety of colour options.
Comparing iPhone 15 with iPhone 14 Pro Max
Before diving into the details of the iPhone 15, it’s essential to consider the previous flagship, the iPhone 14 Pro Max. This device set a high standard with its A15 Bionic chip, impressive camera system, and stunning OLED display. While it remains a formidable contender, the iPhone 15 series is expected to take these features to the next level, making it a compelling upgrade for Apple enthusiasts.
Pricing and Offers in the UAE
One crucial aspect of the iPhone 15 series launch is the pricing and offers available in the United Arab Emirates. Apple typically introduces competitive pricing strategies and bundles, making it accessible to a broader audience.
As for the iPhone 15 price in UAE, it’s expected to be on par with previous flagship models, with variations based on storage capacities. The iPhone 15 Pro Max and iPhone 15 Plus will likely command a premium price due to their advanced features and larger screens. However, Apple’s trade-in programs and instalment options should make these devices more affordable for those looking to upgrade.
Regarding iPhone offers in the UAE, Apple often partners with local carriers to provide exclusive deals. These offers may include discounts, trade-in bonuses, or bundled services, such as data plans or AppleCare+ coverage. Keep an eye on announcements from Etisalat, Du, and other carriers for the latest promotions.
Final Thoughts: Embrace the Future
In conclusion, the iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Pro Max, and iPhone 15 Plus are poised to take the smartphone market by storm, pushing the boundaries of technology and design. While the iPhone 14 Pro Max remains a formidable device, the iPhone 15 series promises significant improvements in performance, camera capabilities, and display quality.
For those in the UAE, exploring the iPhone offers and pricing options is essential to ensure you get the best value for your investment. As the official launch date draws near, excitement continues to build, and Apple fans eagerly await the moment they can embrace the future in their hands with the latest iPhone 15 series. Stay tuned for updates, and be ready to experience innovation like never before.


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HEEEEERREEEE I AAAAAAAAAAAAM! Check it folks, the first video from your friends at Bayareafoodblog.
A few notes.
I never noticed that my voice gets all high pitched like Julia Child, especially on “u” sounds.
Wow do I work the spirit fingers
J did all the camera work and production work. Isn’t he awesome!
And I know, I say “like,” “you know,” and “totally” A. LOT.
BTW. While I said I am not a recipe person, here’s the ingredient for mayo:
1 egg yolk
1 clove of garlic finely minced
1/4 cup of canola oil (plus 2 tablespoons as needed)
1/4 cup of olive oil
salt and pepper to taste.


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Crying in the Dark [sonnet]
Ice crystals fell down from the sky that night
But that was when the moon had flown more huge.
[Its face a look of shock (or was it fright)
At all the futile stealth and subterfuge].
After circling in the snow (footprints new),
We climbed the spiral stairway (silent sighs).
Out of breath, our anticipation grew –
How hard it was maintaining the disguise!
You paused across the threshold feeling frail
With crazy mixed-up feelings (misty-eyed).
When over me my love for you prevailed,
With passion I then pulled you hard inside.
As our mouths melted moonly into one
We both cried in the dark with midnight sun.
© 2010, Alan Morrison


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By Vanessa Packer
Photography by Sasha Israel
“I WAS TAKING PHOTOS OF WHAT I WAS MAKING JUST SO I COULD REMEMBER IT FOR THE NEXT TIME I MADE IT,” quipped Lily Kunin when discussing the early stages of her celebrated blog Clean Food Dirty City. Her healthy recipes are displayed like a roll of Candy Dots, each scroll producing bowls of vibrant color. Her ‘super bowls,’ as they’ve lovingly been nicknamed, are lush with fresh fruits, vegetables and grains, some sweet, some salty and always gluten-free and dairy-free. “My goal is to create simple meals that people can create and enjoy in their own home or on the go,” Kunin explains. Indeed, her recipes make cooking healthfully approachable and fun. We caught up with Kunin at her home in Chelsea, comparing notes on nutrition as medicine over one of her quintessential flamingo pink-hued smoothie bowls and discussed everything from at home cleansing to why honey makes the best face wash.
How did Clean Food Dirty City come about?
I love to cook and I make up recipes as I go, and I was taking photos of what I was making so I could remember it for the next time. When I started my Instagram, my roommate Sophia and I came up with the name Clean Food Dirty City in two minutes. I had no idea what it would turn into, or that this entire world of instagrammers and bloggers existed. I found a few people that had inspiring food feeds to follow and they were using all these different hashtags so I started using them. When people starting asking for my recipes, I started a site and found a simple template on WordPress that worked really well. I’ve always been passionate about food and health and it’s just evolved from there.
How would you describe CFDC from where it started to where it is at now?
I initially started it for myself to organize a recipe book. Now I feel like my mission is more to inspire other people to cook in a similar way. My goal is to create simple meals that people can create and enjoy in their own home or on the go. I have a full time job too so my recipes have to be easy and quick to make.
Do you try to eat seasonally?
I try to but the good thing about bowls is that if you are eating seasonally for the environment your fruit could be frozen because you could have bought it when it was in season. I have a lot less smoothie bowls in the winter. I try to do them smaller and I’ll put seasonal stuff on top.
What principles do you follow when creating the recipes you put on Clean Food Dirty City?
I’m gluten-free and dairy-free and so are the recipes. I have to be gluten-free, I don’t have to be dairy-free, but it does make my skin better to stay off dairy. I don’t really eat meat, I will have eggs occasionally. I go through phases, right now I’m in a no meat phase. I’ve tried a lot of different diets and I was sick for a while with migraines. It was through that that I found what works for me. I’ve never done a full elimination diet. I’m going to do that. I do five day cleanses sometimes.
What does the five day cleanse consist of?
No caffeine, no gluten, no dairy, no animal products and no grains. I make everything myself. It’s my own cleanse. It’s based off of this cleanse from La Philosophie. The founder is a friend of mine, she makes superfood powder blends and this is based off the cleanse she does. I hate to call it a cleanse. It’s just eating really clean. You can eat as much as you want of it, just make sure you are keeping the diet simple and clean.
How do you feel when you are doing it?
I have more energy. It’s hard when it’s cold but it’s good to do. I notice the difference in how I feel, especially not drinking. It’s hard sometimes, but it’s worth taking a break from it.
What do you indulge in when you do drink?
I like margaritas or tequila and soda. I make my own margaritas so i’m not consuming the bad stuff that a lot of bars and restaurants put in their mixes.
What do you put in your margarita?
Classic skinny girl style. Ice, lime, tequila, some sweetener like raw honey or maple syrup.
Do you bring your smoothies to work?
I travel to work with an insulated cooler of food. I have a green smoothie in it and food for lunch. My coworkers know about my blog and dietary habits.
Where do you work?
I work in the charter school system. We support Uncommon Schools and we are a non-profit networks for public charter schools in low income communities. The home office provides all the wrap around services like marketing, fundraising, and finance for all our schools. I’ve worked in fundraising for a long time.
What are some ingredients you regularly use in your smoothies and bowls?
I usually have a few types of greens in my smoothie like spinach, baby kale, and cucumber. I don’t use store-bought almond milk anymore in my smoothies because of all the junk in it, so I will use water or coconut water if I don’t have time to make my own. I also love to add mango and I’m addicted to banana, which will never be seasonal. My acupuncturist tells be not to eat bananas because it causes dampness in the body but I can’t seem to give it up. And I love frozen dragon fruit because the color is amazing.
What does a typical day look like for you?
I get up and meditate for 20 minutes, I oil pull every morning too. I use coconut oil because I don’t love the way the sesame tastes. I dry brush and have a little lemon water with apple cider vinegar and cayenne, then a green smoothie or oatmeal for breakfast. I usually bring breakfast with me and have it when I get to work. When I’m working my 9 – 5 hours, I bring my lunch, which I prep the night before. I will usually make a big batch of something on Sunday, vegetables, quinoa, things like that. I like doing a lot of massaged salads like carrots and brussels sprouts so it’s still raw but it’s broken down by the acid in the dressing. I do a lot of soups too. I like keeping it simple during the day. I love flavor, and interesting textures, so I mix it up a lot. I always have lots of high protein snacks on me, and on a good day I’ll stop by a yoga class after work or run to a meeting for CFDC. During the week, I finish the day with something similar to lunch and always a big mug of herbal tea.
We love your recurring Superbowl Sunday. Do you really do a healthy bowl every Sunday?
Sometimes I post something I had the day before but they usually are what I’m actually eating. They aren’t always raw, sometimes they are hearty and have more flavor in them. Other times, like in the summer, I’d do a refreshing super clean and healthy one.
What’s your go-to meal when you are cooking for yourself? And when you are cooking for a group?
I really like having a roasted sweet potato, a salad, and one main thing like a stew or noodles or a bunch of roasted vegetables. For a group, I like making Superbowl Sunday type dishes so everyone can pick and choose what they want to add, and make it their own. Since everyone has different taste preferences, a one-pot dish is great and it’s easy.
What are somethings that are always found in your pantry?
Coconut oil, apple cider vinegar, lemons, a lot of superfoods like whole grains and some beans, lots of fresh fruits and vegetables, and brown rice pasta
What is your favorite healthy indulgent food?
Pizza. I haven’t figured out the perfect recipe yet. I’ve experimented with cauliflower, but I’m working on one with sweet potato and the constancy is really great. I’m obsessed with french fries and chips, I’m definitely a salt lover over sweet. I make sweet potato fries a lot. I found I recipe I’m dying to try. It’s queso made from butternut squash and it has lots of different savory notes in there.
Do you have a cheat sheet for keeping healthy?
Don’t overwhelm yourself. Don’t take on too much at once. You don’t need to eliminate everything from your diet and clean out your pantry in one go. Try replacing one thing. For example, if you make spaghetti and meatballs every night, try introducing brown rice pasta in or lentil meatballs instead of animal meal. Rather than go straight to zucchini noodles with lentil balls and vegan pesto, which is delicious, but is not necessarily a one to one replacement overnight. Every time I get rid of a product, I try to replace it with a good product. It’s a process for everyone.