A range of motion mobility scooter (otherwise known as an influence-power kid scooter) is an auxiliary range of motion aid and ability to move aide similar or add up to a motorcycle but created somehow like a range of motion mobility scooter. When thoroughly driven, they can be referred to as a stainless steel scooter or electric power scooter then when run by battery packs they can be sometimes called an electric powered motorised moped or electric power scooters.
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There are many forms of movability autos from which to choose, for example common motorcycles, powerplant-electric scooters and electric wheelchairs. When researching a ability to move product, you should be sure that it complies with your own needs and requirements. It is necessary that you could have attempted the range of motion gadget to understand whether it be proper to your wants, prior to buying. Some range of motion systems concentrate on use by handicapped persons within a unique surroundings others a lot better in order to use in typical configuration settings. You must also ensure that you are not obtaining a cheap ability to move gadget that could only supply confined or no plan to the person.
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Bethesda, Md. (July 29, 2004) -- Despite a lukewarm job market, financial professionals are seeing solid salary increases, according to a survey by the Association for Financial Professionals.
While salary increases are smaller than they were a decade ago, finance professionals experienced an average salary increase of 3.6 percent in 2004, compared to an average of 3.5 percent for all professional workers, AFP's 2004 Compensation Survey found.
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domain: economics


text:
As of 2016, there are approximately 7.5 billion people in the world.
There are said to be around 2.2 billion Christians in the world. This includes those who are registered in some European countries as members of the state Church, on an opt-out basis - in other words, in some countries you are registered as a Christian unless you take the trouble to inform the state otherwise.
Not all Christians are practising Christians in the sense of regular church attendance, and in some countries fewer than 5 per cent of the estimated Christian population actually attend church regularly. The total number of practising Christians must exceed 110 million and is probably very much higher. On the other hand, it is certainly much less than 1 billion people.
Christianity Worldwide Estimates vary between 1.5 and 2.2 billion. Other sources reference 25 to 33 percent of Earth's population being Christian.
About 33 %.
About a third 33%
Forty percent of the worlds population have pets at home.
Asia is home to about 55% of the worlds population.
About 65% of Canada's population describes itself as Christian.
About 1/5 (19%) of the world's population.
god, and jesus
32% of the worlds population identify with the Christian faith.
The population of Cyan Worlds is 2,005.
The population of Trion Worlds is 200.
About 40 percent
5.2 billion people
One- Fifth, 1/5
No! You should not be concerned about the worlds population.
About 2.1 billion people of earth are christian. So about 33%.
Unknown Worlds Entertainment's population is 6.
China is one-tenth of the worlds population. :)

domain: sociology


text:
Date of Paper
Type of Paper
Clinical research paper
Master of Social Work (M.S.W.)
Felicia Washington Sy, Ph.D., LICSW
The purpose of this research study is to explore the life experiences of an African American young woman specifically focusing on risk and protective factors and their impact on identity formation. The research asks the questions, “What are the risk and protective life experiences of an African American young woman? How do these possible life experiences impact the way the young woman participant views herself and her world?” The methodology chosen for this research is a qualitative case study allowing for an in-depth and holistic look at an individual’s life. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with a young African American woman and her uncle, who the young woman identified as a “special adult” within her life. Interview questions called upon participants to reflect upon the life of the young woman. The young woman was instructed to take photographs of the places and things that are most important to her allowing an active role within data collection. A visual analysis of photographs taken provides a meaningful interpretation of the young woman’s life including her dreams, values, ambition, and sense of safety. Furthermore, findings suggest risks within the forming identity of a young African American woman are relationships and social perception. Protective factors consist of a vision for her future, a sense of purpose, and resilience. These findings propose a need for future research, funding, and social work practice that is informed of risk and protective factor’s impact on identity development within the lives of young African American women. An informed practice has the potential to create a more inclusive world.
Davis, Jennifer A.. (2015). A Young African-American Woman’s Story: Risk and Protective Factors in Developing Identity. Retrieved from Sophia, the St. Catherine University repository website: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/443

domain: library


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Routine vaccinations have taken a downturn both locally and globally during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Health experts have warned that vaccine-preventable diseases are at risk for recurrence and are encouraging people to keep up to date on their vaccinations.
“If routine vaccination is postponed, we fear the community could be faced with not only the COVID-19 pandemic but an outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles, as well,” Tulsa Health Department Director Bruce Dart said during a COVID-19 briefing.
Tulsa Health Department staff administered about 10,500 immunizations to about 5,500 people from April through July in 2019, according to data provided by the department. For the same time period in 2020, the number of immunizations plummeted to about 3,000 immunizations to about 1,500 people.
That is about a 71% decrease in administered immunizations and about a 73% decrease in clients the Health Department immunized.
The measles has largely been absent from Oklahoma in the 1990s and in the new millennium, but three cases occurred in 2018 and four cases in 2019, according to Oklahoma State Department of Health data.
The WHO’s director general, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said in a statement last month that the pandemic has put at risk the gains, such as near elimination of measles, made since innoculations became available.
“The avoidable suffering and death caused by children missing out on routine immunizations could be far greater than COVID-19 itself. But it doesn’t have to be that way,” Ghebreyesus said.
The pandemic has dampened immunizations for various reasons, such as COVID-19 prevention measures limiting access or families opting to stay home.
There have not been any known resurgences of vaccine-preventable diseases in Tulsa County during the pandemic. Tulsa Health Department Clinical Services Director Ellen Niemitalo said the efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 also have the benefit of preventing the vaccine-preventable disease from spreading to those who have not yet been vaccinated.
However, the concern for spread is renewed as educational institutions prepare for the upcoming academic year, and the Health Department’s data, which represents only people seen by the department, is “definitely indicative” that children are not being immunized, Niemitalo said.
Though many students are attending virtual rather than in-person sessions, education-related vaccine requirements remain in effect, and the department has seen an increase in appointments as families prepare for school, she said.
“Unfortunately, we don’t have a way of virtually administering vaccines. … There still has to be some contact,” but the Tulsa Health Department has made efforts to protect patients and staff during in-person visits, she said.
Health Department staff and patients are “triaged,” meaning they are checked for COVID-19 symptoms, Niemitalo said. Staff members are checked at the start of their shifts, and patients are checked when they arrive for their appointments.
“There really has been a push, both in Oklahoma and nationwide, encouraging families to bring their children back to their providers for their Well-Child checkup,” she said.
Families may contact their health care providers to find out what precautions are being taken. Federal health officials recommend calling ahead and waiting outside the provider’s facility to reduce waiting room crowding.
Featured video: Let’s Talk Town Hall discusses the eviction crisis


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If you like herbs like we like herbs, then you plow through more than the average American. There are also likely fresh favorites you keep around pretty much all the time. 389 more words
5 days, 7 hours
The Chicken Dumpling Gang
“The wise gardener anticipates June in January.” –Unknown
We had such success last year with our sweet potatoes (see Sweet Potato Surprise) that we decided to try them again this year. 374 more words
3 weeks, 4 days
In his epic tell all, Kitchen Confidential, my favorite kitchen kermudgeon, Anthony Bourdain, had this to say about garlic.
“Garlic is divine. Few food items can taste so many distinct ways, handled correctly. 2,223 more words
3 weeks, 5 days
I tweak and republish this post annually; I think you’ll see why when you read it.
See, I’m not out to be tragically hip, in fact quite the contrary. 1,235 more words

domain: food


text:
Background: Energy balance–related risk factors for colon cancer recurrence and mortality—type II diabetes, hyperinsuline- mia, inﬂammation, and visceral obesity—are positively correlated with consumption of reﬁned grains and negatively corre- lated with consumption of whole grains. We examined the relationship between the consumption of reﬁned and whole grains with cancer recurrence and mortality in a cohort of patients with colon cancer. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 1024 patients with stage III colon cancer who participated in a randomized trial of postoperative chemotherapy. Patients reported consumption of reﬁned and whole grains using a food frequency questionnaire during and six months after chemotherapy. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models. All P values are two-sided. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 394 patients experienced a DFS event. The hazard ratio for DFS was 1.56 (95% CI ¼ 1.09 to 2.24) for patients consuming three or more servings per day of reﬁned grains compared with patients consuming less than one serving per day (P ¼ .005). The hazard ratio for DFS was 0.89 (95% CI ¼ 0.66 to 1.20) for patients consuming trend three or more servings per day of whole grains compared with patients consuming less than one serving per day (P ¼ .54). trend The hazard ratio for DFS of substituting one serving per day of reﬁned grain with one serving per day of whole grain was 0.87 (95% CI ¼ 0.79 to 0.96, P ¼ .007). Conclusions: The choice of grain consumed may be associated with cancer recurrence and mortality. Future studies are necessary to conﬁrm our ﬁndings and to inform the design of randomized trials. Each year, 83 000 people are diagnosed with stage I–III colon lifestyle behaviors, such as their dietary choices, may influence cancer in the United States (1). Despite surgical resection, either cancer recurrence and mortality (3). Consumption of a Western- alone or in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy, style diet (4), high-glycemic carbohydrates (5), red and proc- 25%30% of patents will experience recurrent and metastatic essed meats (6), and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated disease within three years of diagnosis, and 91% of those who with a higher risk of recurrence and mortality (7,8). Conversely, recur within three years die by five years (2). Consequently, coffee (9), milk (10), and modest alcohol consumption are asso- patients with colon cancer are motivated to understand how ciated with a lower risk of recurrence and mortality (8). Received: February 22, 2018; Revised: March 16, 2018; Accepted: March 29, 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact email@example.com Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 1of 8 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 2of 8 | JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst, 2018, Vol. 0, No. 0 Evidence describing other dietary constituents will inform clini- because of declining health, patients were excluded if they ex- cal recommendations for patients and guide the design of ran- perienced cancer recurrence or death within 90 days of com- domized trials of dietary modification (11). pleting the questionnaire (Q1). Figure 1 describes the derivation Whole grains contain endosperm, germ, and bran, whereas of the final sample size of 1024 patients included in this study. refined grains have the germ and bran removed during the mill- There were no substantive differences in the baseline character- ing process. The consumption of refined grains is associated istics of patients included in the dietary analysis, and the with an increased risk of developing type II diabetes (12–14). remaining patients enrolled in CALGB 89803 (5). The consumption of refined grains is positively correlated with All patients signed informed consent, which was approved hyperinsulinemia (15), inflammation (16), and visceral obesity by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Treatment Evaluation (17). This is relevant to patients with colon cancer because type Program and each participating site’s institutional review II diabetes (18,19), hyperinsulinemia (20), inflammation (21), board. and visceral obesity are risk factors for cancer recurrence and mortality (22). Conversely, the consumption of whole grains is associated with a lower risk of developing type II diabetes (23). Dietary Assessment The consumption of whole grains is negatively correlated with The consumption of refined and whole grain foods was quanti- hyperinsulinemia (24), inflammation (25), and visceral obesity fied using semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (17). Randomized trials in healthy men and women demon- (FFQ) that included 131 food items, vitamin and mineral supple- strate that substituting refined grains with whole grains reduces ments, and open-ended sections for other supplements and insulin resistance (26,27), inflammation (28,29), and body fat foods not specifically listed (32). For each food, a common unit (29,30). or portion size (eg, slice of bread) was specified, and the patient We prospectively examined the relationship between the was asked to report how often, on average over the previous consumption of refined grains and whole grains with cancer re- three months, they consumed that portion size. Up to nine fre- currence and mortality in a cohort of patients with stage III co- quency responses were possible, which ranged from never to lon cancer enrolled in a National Cancer Institute–sponsored six or more times per day. Type and brand of cereal were also randomized clinical trial of postoperative chemotherapy. We assessed. We computed nutrient intakes by multiplying the fre- hypothesized that 1) higher consumption of refined grains quency of consumption of each food by the nutrient content of would be associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence the specified portions using composition values from the and mortality; 2) higher consumption of whole grains would be Department of Agriculture. All nutrient values were energy- associated with a decreased risk of cancer recurrence and mor- adjusted using the residuals method (33). tality, and 3) substitution of refined grains with whole grains Foods were classified as refined or whole grains using the would be associated with a decreased risk of cancer recurrence technique developed by Jacobs and colleagues (34). Refined and mortality. grains included sweet rolls, cake deserts, white bread, pasta, English muffins, muffins, biscuits, refined grain cereals, white rice, pancakes, waffles, and pizza. Whole grains included dark Methods bread, whole grain ready-to-eat cereals (25% whole grain con- tent by weight), popcorn, cooked oatmeal, wheat germ, brown Study Population rice, bran, and other grains. A full description of the FFQ, repro- ducibility, and validity statistics has been reported previously Patients in this prospective cohort study participated in the (32,35). The performance of the FFQ to quantify individual grain National Cancer Institute (NCI)–sponsored Cancer and products is high; the correlation between the FFQ and detailed Leukemia Group B (CALGB; now Alliance for Clinical Trials in diet records is 0.75 for cereal, 0.71 for white bread, and 0.77 for Oncology) 89803 postoperative chemotherapy trial for stage III dark bread (36). Variables including prudent and Western die- colon cancer (31). Patients were recruited from the United States tary patterns, the healthy eating index, and glycemic load were and Canada. The primary aim of CALGB 89803 was to compare calculated using the dietary assessment following techniques weekly 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin with weekly irinotecan, 5- described previously (8). fluorouracil, and leucovorin (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT000038350). Patients who completed Q1 and whose cancer had not re- Between May 1999 and May 2001, the trial enrolled 1264 curred prior to Q1 completion were included in these analyses. patients. After the enrollment of 87 patients, an amendment re- The median time from study entry to Q1 (range) was 3.5 (0.2–9.9) quired patients to complete a self-administered questionnaire months. We updated dietary exposures based on the results of that quantified diet and lifestyle behaviors midway through Q2 using cumulative averaging, with weighting that is propor- chemotherapy (approximately four months after surgical tional to times between Q1 and Q2 and then between Q2 and resection, questionnaire 1 [Q1], and again six months after the event (or censoring) time (4). This technique accounts for completion of chemotherapy [14 months after surgical changes in diet that may occur over time, thereby maximizing resection; Q2]). the information obtained from the available data. Eligible patients underwent a complete surgical resection of the primary tumor within 56 days of trial enrollment, had re- gional lymph node metastases but no evidence of distant me- Study End Points tastases, had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, and had adequate bone marrow, The primary end point of this study was disease-free survival renal, and hepatic function. Patients were excluded from this (DFS), and secondary end points included recurrence-free sur- analysis if they reported unreasonable energy intake (<600 or vival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). DFS was defined as the >4200 calories per day for men; <500 or >3500 calories per day time from completion of Q1 to cancer recurrence, occurrence of for women) or left 70 or more food items blank (see Dietary a new primary colon cancer, or death from any cause, which- Assessment below). To avoid bias in dietary assessment ever occurred first. RFS was defined as the time from Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 J. C. Brown et al. | 3 of 8 Figure 1. Derivation of cohort. Caloric intake exclusion: <600 calories or >4200 calories per day for men and <500 calories and >3500 calories per day for women. Q1 ¼ questionnaire 1 (midway through adjuvant therapy); Q2 ¼ questionnaire 2 (six months after completion of adjuvant therapy). completion of Q1 to cancer recurrence or occurrence of a new and refined grain intake (for whole grain models). We used primary colon cancer; patients who died without known disease time-varying covariates to adjust for body mass index (BMI), recurrence were censored at the last documented physician physical activity, total energy intake, whole grain intake, and re- evaluation. OS was defined as the time from completion of Q1 fined grain intake. Other covariates, including age at Q1, sex, to death from any cause. race, performance status (physician estimate of patient ability for self-care, daily activity, and physical ability), depth of inva- sion through bowel wall (T stage), number of positive lymph nodes (N stage), location of the primary tumor, and chemother- Statistical Analysis apy treatment arm, were entered into the model as fixed covariates. In the clinical trial, there were no statistical differences in DFS, RFS, or OS between treatment arms (31). Therefore, data for We tested for linear trends across frequency categories of consumption by assigning each patient the median value for patients in both arms were combined and analyzed according to frequency categories of dietary intake. For the primary analy- each category and modeling the value as a continuous variable. We graphically examined the frequency of grain consumption sis, consumption of refined and whole grain foods was catego- rized into three groups (<1, 1–2, and 3 servings per day). Cox as a continuous variable using nonlinear restricted cubic splines. The proportionality of hazards assumption was exam- proportional hazards regression was used to determine the si- multaneous influence of other potential confounding variables. ined by including time-dependent covariates in the regression models and visually inspecting log-log plots. To evaluate the ef- Three models were built to incrementally examine the associa- tion between grain intake and the study end points. Model 1 fect of substituting refined grains with whole grains, we built substitution models by simultaneously entering whole and re- was adjusted for age and energy intake; model 2 was adjusted for demographic, clinical, and behavioral variables; model 3 was fined grain intakes into a model as continuous variables, then exponentiating the difference in coefficients to obtain an esti- adjusted for the covariates in model 2, plus the complementary grain measure: whole grain intake (for refined grain models) mate that is on the hazard ratio scale (37). The hazard ratios Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 4of 8 | JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst, 2018, Vol. 0, No. 0 Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 1024 patients by servings of reﬁned and whole grains Refined grain intake, servings/d Whole grain intake, servings/d <1 1–2 3 <1 1–2 3 (n ¼ 160) (n ¼ 565) (n ¼ 299) P (n ¼ 294) (n ¼ 481) (n ¼ 249) P Age, median (IQR), y 61 (54–69) 59 (51–68) 62 (51–70) .11 59 (50–68) 60 (52–68) 61 (52–70) .20 Sex, No. (%) <.001 <.001 Male 79 (49.4) 284 (50.3) 213 (71.2) 177 (60.2) 241 (50.1) 158 (63.5) Female 81 (50.6) 281 (49.7) 86 (28.8) 117 (39.8) 240 (49.9) 91 (36.5) Race, No. (%) .18 .04 White 136 (85.0) 503 (89.0) 270 (90.3) 247 (84.0) 436 (90.7) 226 (90.8) Black 16 (10.0) 39 (6.9) 13 (4.4) 27 (9.2) 29 (6.0) 12 (4.8) Other 8 (5.0) 23 (4.1) 16 (5.3) 20 (6.8) 16 (3.3) 11 (4.4) Baseline performance .72 .002 status, No. (%)* 0 121 (75.6) 419 (74.2) 210 (70.2) 199 (67.7) 367 (76.3) 184 (73.9) 1 2 36 (22.5) 135 (23.9) 82 (27.4) 90 (30.6) 109 (22.7) 54 (21.7) Missing/unknown 3 (1.9) 11 (1.9) 7 (2.4) 5 (1.7) 5 (1.0) 11 (4.4) Invasion through bowel .18 .21 wall by T stage, No. (%) T1 2 19 (11.9) 88 (15.6) 30 (10.0) 33 (11.2) 69 (14.3) 35 (14.1) T3 4 138 (86.2) 465 (82.3) 260 (87.0) 256 (87.1) 403 (83.8) 204 (81.9) Missing/unknown 3 (1.9) 12 (2.1) 9 (3.0) 5 (1.7) 9 (1.9) 10 (4.0) Positive lymph nodes, No. (%) .22 .04 1 3 110 (68.7) 361 (63.9) 174 (58.2) 180 (61.2) 314 (65.3) 151 (60.7) 4 47 (29.4) 195 (34.5) 118 (39.5) 110 (37.4) 162 (33.7) 88 (35.3) Missing/unknown 3 (1.9) 9 (1.6) 7 (2.3) 4 (1.4) 5 (1.0) 10 (4.0) Location of primary .78 .12 tumor, No. (%) Right 4 (2.5) 23 (4.1) 9 (3.0) 12 (4.1) 13 (2.7) 11 (4.4) Left 59 (36.9) 222 (39.3) 105 (35.1) 123 (41.8) 182 (37.8) 81 (32.5) Transverse 61 (38.1) 207 (36.6) 115 (38.5) 99 (33.7) 186 (38.7) 98 (39.4) Multiple 33 (20.6) 104 (18.4) 61 (20.4) 56 (19.0) 93 (19.3) 49 (19.7) Missing 3 (1.9) 9 (1.6) 9 (3.0) 4 (1.4) 7 (1.5) 10 (4.0) Treatment arm, No. (%) .24 .24 FU/LV 88 (55.0) 272 (48.1) 156 (52.2) 157 (53.4) 229 (47.6) 130 (52.2) IFL 72 (45.0) 293 (51.9) 143 (47.8) 137 (46.6) 252 (52.4) 119 (47.8) BMI, median (IQR), kg/m 27.5 (23.8–32.2) 27.2 (23.8–30.9) 27.5 (24.2–31.3) .54 27.6 (23.5–32.3) 27.4 (24.4–31.1) 26.6 (23.6–30.7) .29 Physical activity, 5.0 (1.7–14.8) 4.6 (0.9–15.4) 5.1 (1.1–17.8) .47 3.7 (0.6–9.6) 5.1 (1.3–15.1) 7.1 (1.6–22.5) <.001 median (IQR), MET-h/w Current use of aspirin, No. (%) 38 (23.8) 156 (27.6) 87 (29.1) .47 82 (27.9) 131 (27.2) 68 (27.3) .98 Dietary intake, median (IQR) Alcohol consumption, g/d 0.1 (0.0–1.8) 0.4 (0.0–2.0) 0.2 (0.0–3.5) .70 0.2 (0.0–3.5) 0.2 (0.0–2.0) 0.4 (0.00–2.0) .77 Coffee intake, cups/wk 3.0 (0.0–17.5) 7.0 (0.5–17.5) 7.0 (0.5–17.5) .001 7.0 (0.4–17.5) 6.5 (0.5–17.5) 7.0 (0.2–17.0) .85 Sugar sweetened 1.0 (0.4–3.8) 2.4 (0.5–6.0) 3.0 (0.7–7.0) <.001 3.1 (0.6–7.0) 1.7 (0.5–5.7) 1.6 (0.5–5.5) .02 beverages, s/wk Cereal ﬁber, g/d 5.6 (3.6–8.1) 5.7 (4.3–7.3) 5.4 (4.3–7.0) .48 4.1 (3.1–4.9) 5.8 (4.7–7.2) 7.8 (6.2–9.9) <.001 Western diet pattern, 124 (77.5) 329 (58.2) 59 (19.7) <.001 147 (50.0) 252 (52.4) 113 (45.4) .20 No. < median (%) Prudent diet pattern, 97 (60.6) 266 (47.1) 149 (49.8) .01 197 (67.0) 228 (47.4) 87 (34.9) <.001 No. < median (%) AHEI dietary pattern, 63 (39.4) 254 (45.0) 195 (65.2) <.001 189 (64.3) 221 (45.9) 102 (41.0) <.001 No. < median (%) Glycemic load, No. < median (%) 96 (60.0) 278 (49.2) 138 (46.2) .02 168 (57.1) 246 (51.1) 98 (39.4) <.001 *Baseline performance status: 0 indicates fully active; 1 indicates restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to perform light work; 2 indicates ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to perform any work activities, up to approximately 50% of waking hours. AHEI ¼ Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010; BMI ¼ body mass index; FU/LV ¼ ﬂuorouracil and leucovorin; IFL ¼ irinotecan, ﬂuorouracil, and leucovorin; IQR ¼ interquartile range; MET-h/w ¼ metabolic equivalent task hours per week; s ¼ servings. derived from these models are interpreted as the estimated ef- All analyses were performed with SAS, version 9.4 (SAS fect of substituting one daily serving of refined grain with one Institute, Cary, NC). A P value of less than .05 was considered daily serving of whole grain. statistically significant. All P values are two-sided. Data Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 J. C. Brown et al. | 5 of 8 collection and statistical analyses were conducted by the Alliance Statistics and Data Center at Duke University Medical Center. Data quality was ensured by review of data by the Alliance Statistics and Data Center and by the study chairperson following Alliance policies. All analyses were based on the study database frozen on November 9, 2009. Results Baseline Characteristics Baseline characteristics of the 1024 patients by frequency of consumption of refined and whole grains are displayed in Table 1. Those in the highest category of refined grain intake were more likely to be male and report a higher consumption of coffee, sugar-sweetened beverages, and poorer overall die- tary patterns, compared with patients in the lowest category of refined grain intake. Those in the highest category of whole grain intake were more likely to be male and of white race, to have fewer positive lymph nodes and better performance sta- tus, and to report higher physical activity, higher consumption of cereal fiber, and more favorable overall dietary patterns, compared with patients in the lowest category of whole grain intake. Associations Between Cancer Recurrence and Mortality With Grain Intake Figure 2. Adjusted cubic spline model for intake of reﬁned grains and associa- The median follow-up time from completion of Q1 was 7.3 tion with colon cancer recurrence and mortality (disease-free survival). Models years. During follow-up, we observed 394 DFS events, 350 RFS are adjusted for age, sex, race, performance status, T stage, positive lymph events, and 311 OS events. nodes, location of primary tumor, treatment arm, body mass index, physical ac- In the adjusted cubic spline model, higher intake of refined tivity, total energy, and whole grain intake. grains was associated with an increased risk of cancer recur- rence and mortality (P ¼ .03) (Figure 2). The associations be- CI ¼ 0.77 to 0.96, P ¼ .006) and OS (HR ¼ 0.87, 95% CI ¼ 0.78 to tween cancer recurrence and mortality with refined and whole 0.97, P ¼ .01). grain intake are displayed in Table 2. The multivariable- adjusted hazard ratio for DFS was 1.56 (95% CI ¼ 1.09 to 2.24) for those consuming three or more servings per day of refined Discussion grains compared with those consuming less than one serving per day (P ¼ .005). Results were similar for RFS and OS. trend In this prospective cohort of patients with stage III colon cancer Exclusion of patients who experienced a DFS event in the first who participated in an NCI-sponsored randomized trial of post- 90 to 365 days after Q1 did not substantively alter the above- operative chemotherapy, higher consumption of refined grains described results. was associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence and In the adjusted cubic spline model, higher intake of whole mortality, and the substitution of refined grains with whole grains was associated with a reduced risk of cancer recurrence grains was associated with a decreased risk of cancer recur- and mortality (P ¼ .05) (Figure 3). The multivariable-adjusted rence and mortality. These data add to an evidence base that hazard ratio for DFS was 0.89 (95% CI ¼ 0.66 to 1.20) for those has documented the importance that dietary choices may have consuming three or more servings per day of whole grains com- on clinical outcomes in this population. pared with those consuming less than one serving per day Type II diabetes (18,19), hyperinsulinemia (20), inflamma- (P ¼ .54). Results were similar for RFS and OS. Exclusion of trend tion (21), and visceral obesity are risk factors for cancer recur- patients who experienced a DFS event in the first 90 to 365 days rence and mortality (22). Many of these risk factors have been after Q1 did not substantively alter the above-described results. proposed as biological mediators of the relationship between energy balance–related lifestyle factors (diet, physical activ- ity, obesity) and clinical outcome in patients with cancer Substitution Analysis (38,39). The consumption of refined grains is associated with The consumption of refined grains was negatively correlated an increased risk of developing type II diabetes (12–14)and with the consumption of whole grains (r ¼ –.19, P < .001). We positively correlated with hyperinsulinemia (15), inflamma- therefore sought to estimate the influence of substituting one tion (16), and visceral obesity (17). Conversely, the consump- daily serving of refined grain with one daily serving of whole tion of whole grains is associated with a lower risk of grain. In substitution analysis, the multivariable-adjusted haz- developing type II diabetes (23) and negatively correlated with ard ratio for DFS by substituting one daily serving of refined hyperinsulinemia (24), inflammation (25), and visceral obesity grain with one daily serving of whole grain was 0.87 (95% CI ¼ 0. (17). The observed relationship between the consumption of 79 to 0.96, P ¼ .007). Results were similar for RFS (HR ¼ 0.86, 95% refined grains with cancer recurrence and mortality is Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 6of 8 | JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst, 2018, Vol. 0, No. 0 Table 2. Associations between colon cancer recurrence and mortality with reﬁned and whole grain intake* Grain intake, servings/d Outcome and exposure <1 1–2 3 P trend Disease-free survival Reﬁned grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 53/160 204/565 137/299 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 1.18 (0.87 to 1.61) 1.75 (1.24 to 2.46) <.001 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 1.16 (0.85 to 1.58) 1.58 (1.12 to 2.24) .003 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 1.15 (0.84 to 1.58) 1.56 (1.09 to 2.24) .005 Whole grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 129/294 173/481 92/249 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 0.77 (0.61 to 0.97) 0.81 (0.62 to 1.07) .19 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 0.81 (0.64 to 1.03) 0.85 (0.64 to 1.13) .32 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 0.84 (0.66 to 1.07) 0.89 (0.66 to 1.20) .54 Recurrence-free survival Reﬁned grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 48/160 177/565 125/299 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 1.11 (0.80 to 1.54) 1.73 (1.21 to 2.49) <.001 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 1.08 (0.78 to 1.50) 1.59 (1.10 to 2.29) .001 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 1.08 (0.77 to 1.50) 1.57 (1.08 to 2.30) .003 Whole grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 111/294 155/481 84/249 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 0.81 (0.64 to 1.04) 0.89 (0.67 to 1.20) .53 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 0.82 (0.64 to 1.06) 0.90 (0.67 to 1.21) .58 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 0.86 (0.67 to 1.12) 0.97 (0.71 to 1.33) .98 Overall survival Reﬁned grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 38/160 158/565 115/299 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 1.33 (0.92 to 1.90) 2.09 (1.40 to 3.10) <.001 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 1.32 (0.92 to 1.90) 1.89 (1.27 to 2.81) <.001 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 1.32 (0.91 to 1.90) 1.88 (1.25 to 2.85) .001 Whole grain intake No. of events/No. at risk 108/294 130/481 73/249 Model 1† 1.00 (referent) 0.69 (0.54 to 0.89) 0.74 (0.55 to 1.01) .09 Model 2‡ 1.00 (referent) 0.78 (0.60 to 1.02) 0.81 (0.59 to 1.11) .24 Model 3§ 1.00 (referent) 0.81 (0.62 to 1.06) 0.86 (0.62 to 1.20) .46 *Two-sided P values. Trend across quintiles. CI ¼ conﬁdence interval; HR ¼ hazard ratio. †Model 1: adjusted for age and time-varying total energy. ‡Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race, performance status, T stage, positive lymph nodes, location of primary tumor, treatment arm, time-varying body mass index, physical activity, and total energy. §Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, race, performance status, T stage, positive lymph nodes, location of primary tumor, treatment arm, time-varying body mass index, physical activity, total energy, and whole grain intake (for reﬁned grain models) or reﬁned grain intake (for whole grain models). therefore biologically possible. This mechanistic hypothesis with clinical outcome. A decade ago, the initial observation was in oncology parallels that of cardiology, where the consump- made that a Western-style diet was associated with cancer re- tion of refined grains is associated with an increased risk of currence and mortality in patients with colon cancer (4). Since incident cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-specific that time, the specificity of our understanding regarding what mortality (40). dietary constituents may influence clinical outcome has A novel aspect of our study was the observation that evolved, and now includes high-glycemic carbohydrates (5), red substituting one daily serving of refined grains with one daily and processed meats (6), and sugar-sweetened beverages (7,8), serving of whole grains was associated with a 13% lower risk of as well as coffee (9), milk (10), and modest alcohol consumption cancer recurrence or mortality during the follow-up period. (8). These observational data will be useful to inform and tailor Clinical trials in healthy men and women demonstrate that the design of a dietary modification intervention trial in substituting refined grains with whole grains reduces insulin patients with colon cancer, a trial that will eventually need to resistance (27), inflammation (28), and body fat (30). For exam- be tested with a disease end point to provide persuasive evi- ple, in a randomized crossover trial, six weeks of a whole grain dence to inform clinical practice. diet reduced concentrations of fasting insulin compared with a The principal strength of this study was embedding the FFQ refined grain diet (15.065.5 pmol/L, P ¼ .03) (27). Similarly, in a in a randomized clinical trial. Consequently, this study had a 12-week randomized trial, a whole grain diet reduced body fat large sample size with a well-defined study population. Follow- compared with a refined grain diet (1.9%, P ¼ .04) (30). These up in this study was standardized, such that all patients under- data suggest that randomized trials of dietary modification are went quarterly medical examinations to identify recurrent dis- feasible and induce physiologic changes that may be associated ease. Although the FFQ was self-reported, it was collected Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 J. C. Brown et al. | 7 of 8 that a higher consumption of refined grains was associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence and mortality, and the substitution of refined grains with whole grains was associated with a decreased risk of cancer recurrence and mortality. Although this observational study does not provide definitive evidence for causality, these data may inform clini- cal recommendations for patients and inform hypotheses to guide the design of future observational studies and random- ized trials of dietary modification in patients with colon cancer. Funding Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers U10CA180821 and U10CA180882 to the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology and U10CA180820 to the ECOG-ACRIN (CA60138, U10CA180857, U10CA180836, U10CA180867). Additional sup- port was provided by Pharmacia & Upjohn Company, now Pfizer Oncology. Dr. Brown is supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (K99CA218603). Dr. Ogino is sup- ported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (R35CA197735). Drs. Fuchs and Meyerhardt are supported in part by grants from the National Cancer Institute (R01CA118553, R01CA149222, R01CA169141, and P50CA127003). The sponsors did not participate in the de- sign or conduct of the study; collection, management, anal- Figure 3. Adjusted cubic spline model for intake of whole grains and association with colon cancer recurrence and mortality (disease-free survival). Models are ysis, or interpretation of the data; or the preparation, adjusted for age, sex, race, performance status, T stage, positive lymph nodes, review, or approval of the manuscript. location of primary tumor, treatment arm, body mass index, physical activity, total energy, and reﬁned grain intake. Notes prospectively, such that any ascertainment bias in the FFQ Affiliations of authors: Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, would be nondifferential and shift our effect size estimates Boston, MA (JCB, SZ, RJM, SO, KN, JAM); Duke Cancer Institute, toward the null. We excluded patients who experienced recur- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (DN); Memorial rent disease or mortality within 90 days of completing the FFQ Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (LBS); Toledo to minimize the potential of occult disease inducing changes Community Hospital Oncology Program, Toledo, OH (RBM); in dietary intake. We adjusted for variables that may confound Ho ˆpital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal Montreal, Canada (RW); the relationship between the consumption of refined and Edward-Elmhurst Heatlhcare, Naperville, IL (AH); Robert H. whole grains with cancer recurrence and mortality; several of Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern these variables were time-varying, allowing us to account for University, Chicago, IL (AB); Virginia Oncology Associates, changes in BMI, physical activity, and other aspects of dietary Norfolk, VA (DA); Southeast Clinical Oncology Research intake that may have occurred after completing (SCOR) Consortium, Mission Hospitals, Inc., Asheville, NC chemotherapy. (MM); University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer, Chicago, The principal limitation of this study is the observational de- IL (HK); University of California at San Francisco sign, such that we cannot rule out the possibility of residual Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA (AV); confounding. Although the FFQ used in the study was self- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (SO, reported, it is correlated with plasma concentrations of carote- YL, WCW, ELG); Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA noids, tocopherols, and fatty acids in patients with colon cancer (SO, XZ, ELG); Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, (32). Future studies should consider the potential utility of pre- New Haven, CT (CSF). dicting prognosis with objective measures of dietary intake, ClincalTrials.gov registration: NCT000038350. such as metabolites in urine or plasma samples (41,42). The The views expressed in the article are those of the authors patients in the current study elected to enroll in a clinical trial and not an official position of their affiliated institutions or and may not be representative of colon cancer patients in the funders. US population with respect to demographic and lifestyle behav- iors. We did not have information about type of surgery, post- operative complications, and presurgery diet and lifestyle References measures, which precludes our ability to adjust for these poten- 1. Siegel R, Desantis C, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J tially important variables. Clin. 2014;64(2):104–117. In summary, this prospective cohort of patients with stage 2. Sargent DJ, Wieand HS, Haller DG, et al. Disease-free survival versus overall survival as a primary end point for adjuvant colon cancer studies: Individual III colon cancer who participated in an NCI-sponsored ran- patient data from 20,898 patients on 18 randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2005; domized trial of postoperative chemotherapy demonstrated 23(34):8664–8670. Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jncics/article-abstract/2/2/pky017/5025854 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 21 June 2018 8of 8 | JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst, 2018, Vol. 0, No. 0 3. James-Martin G, Koczwara B, Smith E, Miller M. 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text: My personal trainer, Emmeline, has told me how important it is to get a good dose of protein after a weight training session- preferably within the first 30 minutes. She recommended protein shakes, which I can make quickly. But because they can easily become too calorie-packed, I asked Lila Ojeda, my registered dietitian, to give me some pointers. She suggested looking for a whey mix (one of the best sources of protein) with a simple ingredient list and no artificial sweeteners like sucralose (which can cause an upset stomach in some people). I add ½ cup of nonfat or soy milk and ½ cup water to the powder, plus frozen fruit, 1 tablespoon each of wheat germ and ground flaxseed, and a dash of agave syrup for sweetness. These post-workout drinks are so tasty, I have even more of an incentive to hit the gym!


text:
Offering courses without credit has helped a university to grow its part-time student numbers while other institutions suffered sharp declines in recruitment.
Bill Richardson, manager for enterprise and continuing professional development programmes at City University London, believes that the decision to remove institutional credit for its evening and weekend courses in 2010 has played a key role in increasing part-time student numbers, which have almost halved nationally over the past three years.
That change was made after City reviewed its part-time provision, prompted by the government’s decision to withdraw funding for students taking equivalent or lower-level qualifications (ELQ).
That policy change in 2009-09 led to a fall in part-time student numbers at institutions across the UK – a trend accelerated when tuition fees increased in autumn 2012 after most teaching grants were axed.
But the number of people taking short courses at City has grown by 20 per cent each year since 2010, with some 4,500 taking programmes this year, Mr Richardson said.
Very few students had noticed that short courses were no longer credited, but the move allowed more flexibility in setting up new classes or expanding others, he said. “Many students did not want accreditation – it was only something they found out about when they enrolled.”
Students received a certificate on completion of their work, and many used short courses as a stepping stone to longer ones, he said.
Moving short course provision away from individual departments to a dedicated unit had also helped City to be more flexible and responsive to demand, Mr Richardson said.
“We used to run one evening class a week for event management, but we now run three because the demand was there. We’ve done similar things with project management and digital marketing courses.”
Mr Richardson said that other universities could enjoy similar success in recruiting part-time students as there were several still untapped short-course markets. “If we run a computer course on a Friday evening, it is generally full – it’s the right time for that particular audience,” he said.

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text:
2017 showed a cautiously optimistic side to the global oil & gas industry. For instance, the oil price reached a two year high in November that year, suggesting more cash is ready to be pumped back into E&P activity – and some impressive megaprojects.
Worldwide recovery is going to be a long process, but that hasn’t stopped majors and minors in almost all geographies from pressing ahead with new developments. Let’s check out what the future holds in store with seven oil & gas projects to watch in 2018 and beyond …
Coral South LNG, Mozambique
Cost: $4.67 billion
Timeframe: 2012 – 2022
Africa holds enormous hydrocarbons potential, not least in its offshore acreages. In Mozambique, home to the gas-rich Rovuma Basin, the Coral Sea floating LNG project represents this fully. Indeed, the number of players involved in Coral South highlights the hidden riches lying in and off the continent.
The Coral Field holds around 450 billion cubic metres of gas. Eni East Africa serves as chief operator holding a 50% operating interest. Other partners have been drawn from across Africa and the world, including KOGAS (Korea), Galp Energia (Portugal), and Empresa Nacional de Hidrocarbontres (Mozambique), thanks to the resources held off Mozambique’s coast.
Construction of the floating processing facility is currently underway. Norway’s Aker Solutions inked a contract to deliver three umbilicals and related equipment to the project site in Mozambique in June 2017, helping kick the project off in earnest after it was initially earmarked back in 2012. Once complete in 2022, the FPSO is expected to pump out over 3.4 million tons of gas per year.
BP has bought the rights to purchase 100% of the gas produced at Coral South. Under the terms of this deal, BP can buy Coral South gas for the next 20 years, creating a steady income stream for both Eni and Mozambique itself.
Southern Gas Corridor, Caspian Sea-Europe
Cost: $41 billion
Gas corridor projects don’t come much bigger than this. Conceived as an alternative to Russian delivery routes, the Southern Gas Corridor aims at shoring up European gas supplies by drawing on the Caspian Sea’s enormous reserves. Gas will be transported via pipeline to Europe through routes crossing Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey.
Many sub-projects, worthy of inclusion on this list by themselves, fall under the umbrella of the Southern Gas Corridor. For instance, Azerbaijan’s massive Shah Deniz field expansion project, with its price tag of $23.9 billion, is part of the Corridor’s development.
But that isn’t all. To get the gas from the Caspian to Europe, several major pipelines are under construction. These include the $8 billion Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline, and the $5 billion Trans-Adriatic Pipeline.
First gas volumes delivered from Shah Deniz to Turkey are expected by 2018, with Europe receiving its first supplies by 2020, according to project leads BP.
Jizzakh Oil Refinery, Uzbekistan
Cost: $2.2 billion
Uzbekistan is preparing for something of an oil & gas spending spree, ready to pump $30.4 billion into hydrocarbon projects well into the next decade. The Jizzakh Oil Refinery, which broke ground in January 2017, is one of these.
This facility has been designed with a processing capacity of five million tons of oil a year once fully up and running in 2022. What’s more, it will also produce around 700,000 tons of jet fuel, and a further 300,000 tons of other oil-based products, annually. Output is expected to reach 1 million tons a year between 2019-2021, while the facility is being built.
Uzbekneftgas, Uzbekistan’s national gas producer, is funding the development of Jizzakh Refinery. Local specialists Enter Engineering are the projects’ main contractors, winning procurement and engineering rights in September 2017.
So where will Jizzakh source its raw materials from? According to Uzbekneftgas, oil will be supplied by Russian and Kazakh fields via the Omsk-Pavlodar-Shymkent pipeline. It appears Jizzakh’s project leaders are very keen to enter production mode as quick as they can. Uzbekistan’s Prime Minister has said the country is ready to import 500,000 tons of oil from Russia to start work in earnest, even with the refinery unfinished.
Johan Catsberg Project, Norway
Cost: $5.92 billion
We move from the warm waters of Coral South to somewhere altogether more Arctic with the Johan Catsberg underwater field development. Located in the Barents Sea, Johan Catsburg will feature the “largest subsea scope” of any current project worldwide, according to its owners Norwegian national Statoil.
Recoverable resources are thought to be somewhere in the region of 450-650 million barrels, making Johan Catsberg one of the largest undersea projects of recent years. As many as 30 wells will be drilled at the site between 2019-2024. Production is expected to kick off in 2022 with a field lifespan of at least 30 years.
Subsea sections will be connected to Statoil’s largest ever FPSO. In October 2017, Statoil awarded a Letter of Intent (LoI) to Sembcorp Marine Rigs and Floaters in Singapore as part of the initial procurement phase. Semcorp is to supply engineering, and construction of the FPSO’s hull and living quarters for a total cost of around $490 million.
While the $5.92 billion investment is an eyewatering figure, that is not the whole story. Initially, Johan Catsberg was expected to cost Statoil approximately $12 billion. However, oil price drops limited the FPSO’s profitability, leading to its current projected price.
Bahrain LNG Terminal, Bahrain
Cost: $741 million
Out in the Hidd Industrial Area, Bahrain, construction on the Middle East’s first LNG receiving and regasification terminal is underway. The new facility’s status is such that it has attracted an international assortment of backers.
Once up and running in 2019, Bahrain LNG Terminal will be operated by the Bahrain LNG WLL – a joint venture composed of Bahrain’s National Oil & Gas Authority (NOGA, 30%), Teekay LNG (30%), Samsung C&T (20%) and the Gulf Investment Company (GIC, 20%).
At its peak, this latest facility will enjoy a capacity of over 22 million cubic metres of gas a day – and it will have the infrastructure to match. Currently under construction at the Hidd location is a floating storage unit (FSU), an offshore LNG-receiving jetty, a regasification platform, subsea gas pipelines, an onshore gas receiving centre, and an onshore nitrogen production facility.
This expansion of Bahrain’s refinement capacity points towards a need for improved regional transport infrastructure. Off the back of a recent agreement to build a 350,000bpd pipeline to Saudi Arabia, Sheikh Mohmmed bin Khalifa al-Khalifa, Bahrain’s oil minister has said a similar gas pipeline is under consideration.
Libra oil field, Brazil
Cost: Up to $91 billion
Brazil is at the frontier of deep sea oil exploration, particularly in pre-salt oil fields. Pre-salt oil is located at depths of 7,000 metres; specifically, between 2,000m of wild Atlantic Ocean and 5,000m of rock and oil. Drilling for such minerals is intense, to be sure, but is worth it for the black gold hidden beneath – especially at the Libra Oil field.
Libra is the biggest field of its kind in Brazil’s deep-sea acreage. Extending over an 800km by 200km area 250 kilometres off Brazil’s south-eastern coast, Libra is estimated to hold between 8-12 billion barrels of recoverable oil.
Libra’s importance, and sheer size, make it incredibly attractive to international majors with Brazilian national Petrobras leading the charge with a 40% operational stake. Shell and Total each own 20% shares in Libra, alongside 10% interests for China’s CNPC and CNOOC.
But surely the biggest part of Libra’s development is its cost. It’s been alleged that the first production sharing contract signed between Libra’s partners amounted to an almost unbelievable $91 billion. For context, that’s greater than the GDP of Lithuania. As such, many of Libra’s detractors thought its enormous price would halt the project in its tracks, but since the Libra consortium was formed in 2014, the following has taken place:
Drilling of nine exploration wells and completion of three wells by March 2017
Ongoing contracting of two drilling rigs
Construction and transport of the first project FPSO in June 2017
First oil in November 2017
Tyra Field Redevelopment, Denmark
Cost: $3.36 billion
The North Sea is mature territory, but there is still plenty of life in the region yet. At Tyra, a gas field facing the end of its operational life due to underground subsidence and safety concerns, things are being changed and futureproofed. Maersk Oil is set to redevelop its Tyra operations, including a complete overhaul of infrastructure.
For a cost of $3.36 billion, Maersk’s redevelopment plan has been given the go ahead. Works include replacement of the existent gas processing platforms with a modern facility, plus rig and engineering upgrades on five surrounding satellite fields.
Previously, Tyra was to be retired in 2018. However, it is Denmark’s largest gas field, sending fuel to 1.5 million Danish homes every year. Such is its significance for Danish energy supplies, it’s little wonder Maersk’s priorities shifted from retirement to renovation. It is estimated Tyra will keep pumping out 60,000 barrels of oil equivalent a year when it reopens in 2022.
The new measures will allow Tyra to remain operational for another 25 years on top of its current 30-year lifespan. As much as 200 million barrels of oil equivalent remains beneath the North Sea in Tyra. According to Maersk, once it reopens, it could cover Danish gas demand for over a decade.
Tyra’s reinvigoration means current production must be paused. Tyra will shut down in 2019, when those all-important renovation works will take place – ready for a 2022 production resurgence.
Article source: Africa Oil Week
Mark Daniel is an international career counsellor and resume writer. Currently based on the beautiful Sunshine Coast in Australia, he is the co-founder of Hi Vis Box, the Hi Vis Club and the Hi Vis Hub, advising clients across the world. Predominately working in the oil & gas, mining and civil engineering sectors, he is a prolific publisher, contributing to a range of international industry magazines and his blog for over 20,000 LinkedIn followers. Proactively supports people throughout all stages of their career, but has been known to struggle if they support Manchester City.

domain: geography


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Glossary Inforegio English
Economic and social cohesion:
The origins of economic and social cohesion go back to the Treaty
of Rome where a reference is made in the preamble to reducing disparities
in development between the regions. However, it was not until the
seventies that Community action was taken to coordinate the national
instruments and provide additional financial resources. Subsequently
these measures proved inadequate given the situation in the Community
where the establishment of the internal market, contrary to forecasts,
had failed to even out the differences between regions.
With the adoption of the Single European Act in 1986, economic and
social cohesion proper was made an objective, as well as the single
market. In the preparation of economic and monetary union, this provided
a legal basis from 1988 onwards for Community action to become the
central pillar of a comprehensive development policy.
The Maastricht Treaty finally incorporated the policy into the Treaty
establishing the European Community (Articles 130a to 130e, now renumbered
158 to 162). It is an expression of solidarity between the Member
States and regions of the European Union. This means balanced and
sustainable development, reducing structural disparities between regions
and countries and promoting equal opportunities for all individuals.
In practical terms it is achieved by means of a variety of financing
operations, principally through the Structural Funds.
Every three years the European Commission must present a report on
progress made in achieving economic and social cohesion and on how
the various means provided for in the Treaty have contributed to it.
The future of economic and social cohesion was one of the major issues
discussed in the Commission's Agenda 2000 communication (presented
on 15 July 1997), largely because of the financial implications. It
has been the Community's second largest budget item from 1994 to 1999
(around 35% of the budget). Its importance was confirmed in the financial
With enlargement looking set to bring in countries with national incomes
well below the Community average, the Community structural policy
was reformed in 1999 in order to improve its effectiveness and its
budgetary allocation has been increased from EUR 208 billion to EUR
213 billion for 2000-2006.
Employment is one of the key concerns of the Member States, for
unemployment is running at a high level (currently around 11% in
the Union). Following on from the Commission's 1993 White Paper
on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment, the Essen European Council
(9 and 10 December 1994) identified five priority areas for action
to promote employment:
- improving employment opportunities by promoting investment in
- increasing the employment-intensiveness of growth;
- reducing non-wage labour costs;
- increasing the effectiveness of labour-market policies;
- improving help for groups which are particularly hard hit by
The Council and the Commission presented a joint report on the
action taken on these five priorities at the Dublin European Council
(13 and 14 December 1996).
Similarly the Confidence Pact for Employment presented by the Commission
President in June 1996 seeks to mobilise all the actors concerned
in a genuine strategy for employment, to make employment a matter
of common interest at European level and incorporate the fight against
unemployment in a medium and long-term vision of society.
With the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam, employment
is now enshrined as one of the European Community's objectives.
The Community has been assigned the new responsibility of working
towards a coordinated strategy for employment together with the
Member States. To this end, a new title on employment (Title VIII)
has been written into the EC Treaty, under which:
- employment to be taken into consideration in other Community
- coordination mechanisms to be established at Community level
(adoption by the Council of guidelines for employment and surveillance
of their implementation in the Member States, creation of an advisory
committee on employment);
- the possibility for the Council, acting by a qualified majority,
to adopt incentive measures, including pilot projects (in addition
to the Structural Funds).
An extraordinary summit on employment was held on 21 November 1997,
focusing on employability, entrepreneurship, adaptability and equal
opportunities. The Member States then decided to bring forward to
1998 the application of the provisions on coordinating their employment
Enlargement was originally the term used to refer to the four successive
waves of new members joining the Community. Nine countries have
so far joined the six founder members - Belgium, France, Germany,
Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands - at the following times:
- 1973: Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom;
- 1981: Greece;
- 1986: Portugal and Spain;
- 1995: Austria, Finland and Sweden.
With the growing number of applicants for membership (13, of which
12 have already opened negotiations with the European Union), the
concept of enlargement has taken on a very special significance.
There is a widespread conviction that the system established by
the Treaty of Rome cannot function effectively in a Union of 25
to 30 members.
Any attempt at enlargement within the current system could impair
the smooth operation of the institutions and the development of
Community policies. To ensure that enlargement does not hinder European
integration, any further accessions must be accompanied by reform
of the institutions and of some Union policies.
With regard to the institutional problems created by enlargement,
a Protocol on the institutions annexed to the EU Treaty by the Treaty
of Amsterdam provided that one year before the membership of the
European Union exceeded twenty, a new Intergovernmental Conference
would be convened.
However, it was decided to launch a new Intergovernmental Conference
on 15 February 2000, to make the changes to the Treaties needed
to ensure that enlargement does not weaken the European Union.
Regarding the adjustment of European policies to suit a Europe with
almost double the current number of Member States, the 1997 Agenda
2000 document and the resulting 1999 legislative package have reshaped
the agricultural and structural polices, pre-accession aid and the
Union's financial perspective to accommodate the challenges of enlargement.
The aim of Community environment policy is to preserve, protect
and improve the quality of the environment and to protect people's
health. It also sets great store by the prudent and rational use
of natural resources. Lastly, it seeks to promote measures at international
level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems
(Article 174, formerly Article 130r).
Policy formulation is subject to different decision-making procedures
depending on the area concerned. So to attain the objectives listed
in Article 174, the Council:
- acts under the cooperation procedure, after consulting the Economic
and Social Committee, for decisions on the measures to be taken
and on the implementation of programmes;
- acts unanimously, after consulting the European Parliament and
the Economic and Social Committee, where fiscal provisions and
provisions relating to town and country planning or land use (with
the exception of waste management and general measures) are involved
or where a Member State's choice in the matter of energy is significantly
affected (Article 175(2), formerly Article 130s(2)) (under this
procedure the Council may also define matters referred to in Article
175(2), on which decisions are taken by a qualified majority);
- acts under the codecision procedure, after consulting the Economic
and Social Committee, for the adoption of general action programmes
setting out the priority objectives to be attained.
The Treaty of Amsterdam has enshrined the concept of "sustainable
development" as one of the European Union's objectives, while
environmental protection requirements have been given greater weight
in other Community policies, especially in the context of the single
The provisions allowing a Member State to apply stricter rules than
the harmonised rules have been clarified and doing so has been made
easier. Under certain narrowly defined conditions, a Member State
may now adopt new measures in response to a specific environmental
The Commission monitors these stricter measures to ensure that they
do not constitute an obstacle to the functioning of the single market.
The Commission itself has undertaken to prepare environmental impact
assessments when making proposals that may have significant environmental
Lastly, decision-making has been simplified, with the codecision
procedure replacing the cooperation procedure that was previously
required in certain cases.
Two key elements of the general principle of equal opportunities
are the ban on discrimination on grounds of nationality (Article
12 of the EC Treaty, formerly Article 6) and equal pay for men and
women (Article 141 of the EC Treaty, formerly Article 119). It is
intended to apply to all fields, particularly economic, social,
cultural and family life.
The Treaty of Amsterdam added a new Article 13 to the Treaty, reinforcing
the principle of non-discrimination, which is closely linked to
equal opportunities. Under this new Article, the Council has the
power to take appropriate action to combat discrimination based
on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability,
age or sexual orientation.
The aim of the European Spatial Development Perspective, adopted
in May 1999 by the Ministers of the 15 Member States responsible
for regional planning is to improve the coordination of national
policies in this field. It is based on three key principles: the
development of a balanced and polycentric urban system and a fresh
relationship between cities and the countryside; the assurance of
equal access to knowledge infrastructures; and the sustainable development,
intelligent management and conservation of nature and cultural assets.
Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF):
The EAGGF finances the EU's common agricultural policy. Its purpose
is to provide market support and promote structural adjustments
in agriculture. The EAGGF is divided into two sections: the Guarantee
Section finances price support measures and export refunds to guarantee
farmers stable prices, while the Guidance Section grants subsidies
for rationalization schemes, modernization and structural improvements
in farming .
Development Fund (ERDF):
The ERDF is intended to help reduce imbalances between regions of
the Community. The Fund was set up in 1975 and grants financial
assistance for development projects in the poorer regions. In terms
of financial resources, the ERDF is by far the largest of the EU's
Established in 1960, the ESF is the main instrument of Community
social policy. It provides financial assistance for vocational training,
retraining and job-creation schemes. Around 75% of the funding approved
goes towards combating youth unemployment. With the increase in
budget resources under the Delors II package, changes were made
in the Social Fund and the focus moved to the new goals of improving
the functioning of the labour markets and helping to reintegrate
unemployed people into working life. Further action will tackle
equal opportunities, helping workers adapt to industrial change
and changes in production systems.


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text:
The following comments were delivered during a public hearing on NYMTC’s Plan 2045 on May 12, 2016 at the Nassau County Legislature.
My name is Richard Murdocco, and I am the founder and publisher of The Foggiest Idea, and am land use columnist who writes professionally on regional real estate development issues and urban planning.
NYMTC’s Plan 2045 is ambitious in scope, yet flawed in its execution. In Nassau, the plan identifies a series of Transit-oriented areas targeted for growth without any mention of how, exactly these areas would sustain such development.
In Suffolk, the picture is more troubling, with areas as far east as Riverhead and Greenport being identified as “transit-oriented”, when in reality commutation patterns and transit usage do not support the concept on the East End. Further, the reliance of Connect Long Island, a faulty BRT proposal that is not supported by population demographics or demand studies regarding transit usage, is concerning.
While the call to maintain current infrastructure and transportation assets is sound, the documentation for public review is difficult to interpret. The projects are listed without indication of their greater regional context or detail as to what they entail, with some entries being as vague as saying “Yaphank Development Zone” or “Sagtikos Regional Development Emphasis Area.”
Interestingly, Plan 2045 excludes any mention of the Governor’s ambitious call for an additional Long Island Sound crossing, or the proposed NEC Future High Speed Rail Link that The Foggiest Idea reported on in December 2015.
Moving forward, NYMTC should make the intent behind the goal of these projects clearer to the general public, and take measures to ensure residents and other vested stakeholders more fully understand their greater context in the development environment of the Nassau and Suffolk region.
The best plans are presented for public scrutiny in a manner that is easily understood for those outside of the policy arena. As such, the recommendations of Plan 2045 vary from easily executed to “pie-in-the-sky.” I am calling on the consortium of agencies to better communicate their vision, and allow residents to better understand NYMTC’s intentions.
The Foggiest Idea


text:
Learning Together, Achieving Together
Orkney Christmas Performance 2020
Here you will find all the details and resources for the Christmas performance this year.
We are singing and acting out parts of the film 'The Grinch Who Stole Christmas'
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" is a Christmas song that was originally written and composed for the 1966 cartoon special How the Grinch Stole Christmas!. Th...
Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who from How The Grinch Stole Christmas
Lyrics Fahoo fores, dahoo dores Welcome Christmas, come this way Fahoo fores, dahoo dores Welcome Christmas, Christmas day Welcome, welcome fahoo ramus Welco...
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domain: artistic


text:
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Laws, Regulations and Annotations
Business Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2022
Emergency Telephone Users Surcharge Annotations
Section 41046 of the Revenue and Taxation Code provides an exemption from the surcharge for intrastate telecommunications of state and local government and nonprofit educational organizations exempt from Section 4253 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. Therefore, California public and other qualifying nonprofit schools are exempt from the surcharge. 11/8/93.

domain: law


text:
The pair are stated to have first met whereas working on the movie Pussy Island, which is Kravitz’s directorial debut and stars Tatum in the lead role as a tech billionaire named Slater King. Rachel McAdams began a romantic relationship with American screenwriter Jamie Linden in 2016. In April 2018, she welcomed her first youngster, a son, with Linden. In August 2020, news emerged that McAdams was pregnant with her second child with Linden. In a May 2022 interview, McAdams revealed that she had given start to a daughter. As a mother of two, Rachel McAdams just isn’t nervous about the rumors which are circulating round her.
Less than a week after their bike journey, People shared pics of the two out and about once more, this time ingesting iced coffees and laughing. Tatum had a unique bicycle with him, as apparently that’s his most well-liked method to get across the metropolis. 🚨 Get viral graphics, memes, rumors and trending sports news delivered right to your inbox with the Clutch Newsletter. Bernice has a historical past of relationship famous men, together with T.I., Drake, and Meek Mill.
January 17, 2023: tatum embraces his fan behavior towards kravitz.
Tatum, on high of that, supplies old Jessie J prior to now features an enthusiastic 8-year-old youngster collectively together with his outdated boyfriend-spouse, Jenna Dewan. Have a have a look at a number of the cutest photographs of Kravitz and you could Tatum together with her lower than. The woman is pleased and is apparently if you look at the a serious and you will historic reference to the girl boyfriend Steve Kazee. “We’re beyond thrilled and you may did not find yourself being pleased is rising us! ” the joyful couple mutual inside the an announcement, predicated on Individuals.
“Why aren’t Zoe Kravitz and Robert Pattinson relationship,” requested one fan. In September, sources confirmed to PEOPLE that they had been in a relationship. Zoe and Robert aren’t relationship one another, however they do have a romantic life off-screen.
Then, in an interview together with his 21 Jump Street costar Jonah Hill for V Man journal, Tatum credited his personal trend fashion partly to Kravitz’s influence. “Some friends of mine, like you and Zo [Zoë Kravitz] had been like, ‘Why do not you just wear what you wear? Why don’t you simply be you?'” he told Hill. “They spent the weekend in N.Y.C., strolled around the metropolis, met up with associates and visited the Guggenheim Museum,” a source said. There was immediate chemistry between the 2 as they worked on the project and “things turned romantic quick,” a source told Us Weekly at the time. During the , new High constancy superstar, who is able to gamble Catwoman that have Robert Pattinson throughout the Batman, dumped this woman companion, Karl Glusman, historical past December.
November 15, 2022: kravitz reveals the candy reason she fell in love with tatum.
We use a number of on-line sources similar to DatingRumor.com, and other publicly out there information to ensure that our relationship info and details are correct. Channing was born in the Millennials Generation, his zodiac animal is a Monkey, and his spirit animal is a Beaver. If it’s one thing they don’t notably get pleasure from, they will sloppily complete the duty. If it’s something they’re passionate about, they’re going to labor tirelessly till they obtain it. They have a protracted life filled with vitality and marvel in regards to the world.
They basic glad for the 2006 to your units of ‘Step Up’. Since that time, he’s put free thai dating in uk sure huge partners specs making most jealous away from the recent palpable biochemistry it display. Not, all through the years, their relationships fizzled out and in advance of anybody comprehend it these were pleased to cellphone call date inside. Channing Tatum and you might Jenna Dewan’s divorce is closed contained in the nevertheless the couples was but , to get to terminology with a number of of your own monetary regions of they. The newest ‘Step Up’ superstar has actually apparently questioned his authorized cluster that can help you settle the fresh regards to man service funds because of their daughter Everly.
August 2022: they commemorate their first anniversary.
Allegedly, their interest in each other was mutual, but they had by no means been single beforehand. Thirty-two-year-old Kravitz and her husband Karl Glusman married in 2019, however their divorce became official in summer season 2021. Forty-one-year-old Channing Tatum was married to Jenna Dewan from 2009 to 2019. People began to take an curiosity within the two, who are currently engaged on Pussy Island, as they appeared to look awfully lovey-dovey on the streets of New York City.
Entertainment Tonight reported Tatum and Kravitz were a couple shortly after the filming. “It started out as a friendship and eventually turned to be more,” a supply reportedly told the outlet. “The duo was lately spotted at a restaurant in New York City being very affectionate.” The two then attended the Met Gala in September and dressed up as characters from the film Taxi Driver for Halloween. We additionally can’t overlook the iconic The Step Up star also has an excellent relationship with Zoë’s dad Lenny Kravitz and her step-dad Jason Momoa. After the world realized of Kravitz’s divorce, countless media retailers and followers of the actor started suggesting that she was romantically linked to Tatum.


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text:
School voters to weigh grim cuts
Districts brace for how their budgets will fare after Tuesday's balloting
Updated 12:04 pm, Sunday, May 15, 2011
Athletic fields may soon be emptier. Classrooms could be more crowded. Foreign languages might become a foreign concept.
These scenarios could become reality next fall after area residents cast their ballots Tuesday on school budgets and board of education elections.
At stake is whether they will approve the grim cutbacks that districts say they had no choice to make after a $1.2 billion state funding reduction.
Across the Capital Region, districts are proposing to cut from virtually every aspect of their budgets to varying degrees: teachers, administrators, electives, extracurriculars, sports. A number of districts, including Bethlehem and Troy have gone so far as to shut down elementary schools to save money.
The governor and legislative leaders cut state aid to schools by $1.2 billion in the 2011-12 state budget. Capital Region districts have responded by proposing 700 job cuts, including 340 teachers and 34 administrators, according to a Times Union survey.
On the Web: See details about your local school district's budget at timesunion.com/schoolcuts .
Gov. Andrew Cuomo insists that he is not responsible for job losses and that schools have enough in their reserves to make ends meet.
"It's not just about more money. ... You bloated the front office," he said earlier this week. "That's what this is about: a bloated management, a bloated bureaucracy of supervisors."
That claim has been vigorously contested by education advocates, who say that the majority of costs and cuts involve teachers.
"We agree with the governor that school boards should try to find efficiencies in order to protect dollars that go into classrooms," said Carl Korn, a spokesman for New York State United Teachers. "Where we disagree is, efficiencies alone clearly have not been enough to avoid devastating cuts to education."
Athletics programs could soon be eliminated or consolidated at several districts, including Niskayuna, Mohonasen and Berne-Knox-Westerlo.
The Averill Park Central School District is proposing to cut freshman sports, winter track and fall cheerleading.
"It's pretty clear there's a very good correlation between student success in school and participation in athletics," said Averill Park Superintendent Jo Moccia. "It's not something the district wanted to do. There's just not a lot of choice."
Moccia said that Averill Park's proposed $55.1 million budget would cut so deeply that it actually spends less than its $56.3 million contingency plan -- the budget that would be put forth if voters reject the one presented Tuesday.
Virtually every area district is proposing to cut teaching positions, which would mean a 2 to 3 percent staff reduction for the majority.
The Galway Central School District is proposing to cut a slightly higher percentage of teachers than most: 11 positions out of a total staff of 219, a 5 percent reduction.
Those departures would affect "core" offerings, such as English, math, social studies and science, as well as music, Spanish, art, family and consumer science and other electives. Overall, Galway is putting forth a $17.2 million budget with a 4.6 percent tax levy increase. The state cut its aid by $1.3 million.
Still, he admitted, the result is unlikely to fully satisfy anyone.
"In this particular economic crisis," he said, "you just never know what the voters are going to tell us."
Reach Stephanie Lee at 454-5057 or email@example.com.


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A delightful composition for beginning bands that is the perfect choice for your spring concert. The winds parts are incredibly easy, consisting of nothing harder than quarter notes while the percussion includes a part to be played on temple blocks or wood blocks. It’s cute, it’s playable and your students and their parents will love it! Lots of fun!
|Extra full score||015-3320-01||$5.00|
|Oversized, spiral-bound score||015-3320-75||$25.00|


High Street Stories Exhibition
London’s 600 high streets are alive with potential. Since 2011, the Mayor of London has invested more than £129 million in London’s high streets and town centres, creating jobs and supporting businesses.
The Mayor’s Regeneration team works with organisations and individuals to nurture projects from idea to reality. These initiatives are having a real impact on social interactions and economic opportunities on London's high streets, for example:
- street scene and wayfinding improvements
- community education programmes and inspiring events
- low-cost workspaces to support for small businesses, market traders and young people
These initiatives are also influencing the physical shape and appearance of these places, changing the way they are designed, built and used.
This exhibition gives a flavour of the work of the team since 2011 – in Croydon, Camden, Walthamstow and Tottenham in particular.