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US 6171604 B1
Methods and preparations for overcoming problems associated with the local application of honey are disclosed. The preparations include active ingredients of honey and a base including components selected from the group consisting of oils, gelling agents, emulsifiers and combinations thereof. Although honey is preferably used as is, the active ingredients of honey, including vitamins, sugars, enzymes, hormones, amino acids and minerals, may be extracted from honey or other natural products or synthesized. Potential applications for the present invention include topical treatments for therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional purposes, including hair growth, hair loss prevention and wound healing.
1. A method for treating hair and scalp conditions using active ingredients of honey, for preventing and reducing hair loss, for regenerating and restoring hair, for restoring original hair color, and for treating dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, comprising applying a composition selected from the group consisting of honey, active ingredients extracted from honey, active ingredients synthesized to resemble active ingredients existing in honey, polymers thereof, and combinations thereof and wherein the active ingredients are carried in a liquid, solid, semisolid gel or spray base, and wherein the mixing of the active ingredients with the base is in a mixing temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition has a non or low gelling consistency and includes concentrations of surfactants sufficient to render the composition usable for bathing, shampooing and conditioning of skin, hair and scalp.
3. A method for treating wounds, acne, burns, skin allergies, rashes, ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, cold sores, herpes, skin infections, poison ivy, insect bites, Athletes foot, hair discoloration, dandruff and other scalp disorders including psoriasis, alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis wherein the treatment method comprises topical application of active ingredients of honey carried in a liquid, solid, semisolid gel or spray base, and wherein the mixing of the active ingredients with the base is in a mixing temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the treatment comprises application of active ingredients of honey wherein the active ingredients are mixed with components selected from groups consisting of oils, gelling agents, antioxidants, water, emulsifiers, colorants, preservatives, perfumes and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the treatment, comprises application of active ingredients of honey wherein the active ingredients are mixed with components selected from groups consisting of water, alcohols, thickening agents, colorants, preservatives, perfumes and combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the treatment comprises treatment of hair and scalp disorders including treatment of hair loss, regenerating and restoring hair, restoring original hair color and treating, dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of hair and scalp disorders including treatment of hair loss, regenerating and restoring hair, restoring original hair color and treating dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, and wherein the method comprises extracting active ingredients from honey and mixing the active ingredients with a base comprising, any of the following components: oils, alcohols, waxes, water, surfactants, antioxidants, perfumes, thickening ingredients and combinations thereof.
8. A method for treating skin, hair and scalp, for preventing and reducing hair loss for regenerating and restoring hair, for restoring original hair color and for treating dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, comprising application of a composition having active ingredients of honey, and wherein the active ingredients are carried in a liquid base and wherein the liquid base is obtained by mixing with ingredients selected from groups including water, oils, alcohols, waxes, thickening ingredients, surfactants, antioxidants, colorants, preservatives, perfumes and combinations thereof in a mixing temperature not exceeding forty degrees Celsius.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises applying active ingredients of honey and wherein the active ingredients are carried in a liquid composition comprising concentrations of surfactants and/or conditioners sufficient to render the composition usable for bathing, shampooing and/or conditioning the skin, hair and scalp for treating wounds, acne, burns, skin allergies, rashes, ulcers, eczema, psoriasis, cold sores, herpes, hair loss, hair restoration, dandruff, alopecia, and seborrheic dermatitis.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition serves as a vehicle for other active ingredients selected from the group consisting of antibiotics, analgesics, vitamins, hormones, antihistamines, sulfur, benzoyl peroxide, suntans and other active ingredients having therapeutic, nutritional or cosmetic values.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the method of treatment comprises treating hair and scalp disorders including treatment of hair loss regenerating and restoring hair, restoring original hair color and treating dandruff and other disorders including but not limited to alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, and wherein the method comprises application of active ingredients of freeze-dried honey after mixing the active ingredients with a base comprising any components of oils, waxes, thickening ingredients, alcohols, water, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives, perfumes and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the treatment comprises a liquid composition comprising active ingredients of honey and concentrations of oils, thickeners and emulsifiers, water, alcohols, waxes, antioxidants, colorants, preservatives, and perfumes sufficient to render the composition usable as a lotion for the skin, hair and scalp.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises active ingredients of honey in a liquid base comprising gelling agents to render the treatment usable as hair or skin gel.
14. The method in claim 3, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of burns of different degrees, promotion of wound and burn healing, treatment and prevention of inflammation, and treatment and prevention of infections.
15. The method in claim 3, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, external viral infections, external bacterial infections, external fungal infections, poison ivy, and insect bites.
16. The method in claim 3, wherein the method of treatment comprises a deodorant and athlete's foot treatment.
17. The method in claim 3, wherein the treatment comprises treatment of hair and scalp disorders including treatment of hair loss, regenerating and restoring hair, restoring original hair color and treating dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema and wherein the active ingredients comprise ingredients extracted from honey.
18. The method in claim 3, wherein the treatment comprises treatment of hair and scalp disorders including treatment of hair loss, regenerating and restoring hair, restoring, original hair color, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema and wherein the active ingredients comprise ingredients of freeze-dried honey.
19. A method for treating skin, hair and scalp, for preventing and reducing hair loss, for regenerating and restoring hair, for restoring original hair color and for treating dandruff, alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, wherein the method comprises application of active ingredients extracted from honey.
20. The method in claim 19, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of burns of different degrees, promotion of wound and burn healing, treatment and prevention of inflammation, treatment and prevention of infections.
21. The method in claim 19, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, external viral infections, external bacterial infections, external fungal infections, poison ivy, and insect bites.
22. The method in claim 19, wherein the method of treatment comprises a deodorant and athlete's foot treatment.
23. A method for treating skin, hair and scalp, for preventing and reducing hair loss, for regenerating and restoring hair, for restoring original hair color and for treating dandruff alopecia, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and eczema, wherein the method comprises application of active ingredients of freeze dried honey.
24. The method in claim 23, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of burns of different degrees, promotion of wound and burn healing, treatment and prevention of inflammation, treatment and prevention of infections.
25. The method in claim 23, wherein the method of treatment comprises treatment of contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, external viral infections, external bacterial infections, external fungal infections, poison ivy, and insect bites.
This application is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 08/835,717 filed Apr. 9, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,900,226 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/015,348, filed Apr. 12, 1996.
The present invention relates to methods and products for treating wounds and skin conditions and for stimulating hair growth.
Honey has been shown to have considerable wound and ulcer healing capacity and strong antimicrobial activity. Recognizing those utilities, members of the medical profession have engaged in treatment protocols involving the local application of honey. Wounds and ulcers which were unresponsive to conventional treatments have, when treated with honey, become sterile within one week. In 1980 it was reported that necrotic malignant breast ulcers were effectively treated with honey. Wounds disrupted after caesarean sections have been shown to heal after application of a thin layer of honey without the need for resuturing. Open wounds, infected wounds, e.g., vulvectomy, infected perineum and infected abdominal wall wounds healed faster when treated with honey than when treated conventionally. Healing processes are generally not hindered by the presence of microorganisms in the honey or in the infected wounds or ulcers. Even when wounds are challenged with high inocula of infectious bacteria, honey remains superior to conventional wound healing medications, with the honey-treated wounds exhibiting less neutrophil infiltration and marked proliferation of angioblasts and fibroblasts. Honey dressings have also proven superior in the treatment of superficial wounds and burns, with patients experiencing increased wound sterilization, earlier healing, more pain relief and less irritation without allergies and other side effects often experienced during conventional healing processes. Honey also appears to promote rapid wound debridement, replacement of sloughs with granulation tissue and rapid epithelialization and absorption of oedema from around the margins.
Honey has great potential for use as a medicinal antimicrobial. That potential has been demonstrated by the tremendous amount of research in that area. Honey exhibits pronounced microbial activity against most pathogenic bacteria and fungi regardless of their susceptibility or resistance to different antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity of honey was attributed to its high sugar osmolarity and low acidity, but honey has been shown to have stronger antimicrobial activity than corresponding sugar concentrations with similar pHs. The antimicrobial activity has also been attributed to the enzymatically liberated hydrogen peroxide activity known as inhibine. It should be noted, however, that some types of honey, such as manuka honey, exhibit marked antibacterial activity in the absence of peroxide activity. Manuka honey is currently being marketed in New Zealand as an antibacterial product.
Honey has revealed moderate antitumor and pronounced metastatic effects when tested in rats; the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide is potentiated by honey. Scientific literature has also suggested honey applications for treating cardiovascular diseases, cataracts and bronchial asthma and for preserving graft tissues. Further, honey has proven effective in treating cold sores and herpes simplex on the lips, skin allergies and insect bites.
While honey has proven effective as a treatment, topical application of honey is inconvenient. The stickiness, thinning and liquefaction accompanying existing honey applications are major restrictions to their topical application. Thinning and liquefaction of existing preparations increases honey mobility, resulting in poor dosing. That mobility exacerbates the stickiness problem, as the treatment inevitably drips and spreads to other areas, including clothes. When existing honey applications are applied to exposed tissues such as open wounds or eyes, intense irritation results from the high osmolarity of honey. Needs exist for honey-based treatments having physical characteristics conducive to topical application.
The present invention includes a honey formulation for topical application. The formulation includes the active ingredients of honey and related products and may take the form of a cream, gel, ointment, paste, lotion or the like. Unlike existing preparations, the present formulation has reduced stickiness and irritability and a controlled consistency. Those characteristics allow the present preparation to be conveniently applied topically at desired doses for therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional purposes.
The present preparation includes the unaltered, active constituents of honey, including sugars, proteins, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, minerals and other substances. It is those active constituents that provide the preparation with its therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional benefits. The physical characteristics of honey are modified, while keeping the active ingredients intact, to suit various applications.
The present preparation has reduced stickiness and a consistency that allows small and large doses to be applied topically without liquefaction. When applied to open wounds and sensitive tissues, irritant sensations are not experienced.
Preparations made in accordance with the present invention are based at least in part on the tissue healing capacity and the antimicrobial activity of honey. The present honey preparations are particularly effective in tissue regeneration and healing due to the presence of unaltered active constituents which are present in honey. It is those constituents that make honey effective therapeutic, cosmetic and nutritional treatments. The prominent antimicrobial activity of honey against microorganisms is due in part to the inhibine activities and related mechanisms present in honey. Due to those healing mechanisms and antimicrobial activities, the present honey preparations are superior in treatment of wounds, burns, ulcers, infections, skin, scalp and hair disorders, and other tissue conditions, including those of the eye, nose, ear and mouth.
The composition of honey is unique, as it encompasses a large profile of nutrients including sugars, amino acids, vitamins such as biotin, nicotinic acid, floic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine and thiamine, enzymes such as diastase invertase, glucose oxidase and catalase, and minerals such as potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, copper and calcium. Several of those components have been used individually or in combination in cosmetic or therapeutic scalp and hair preparations. In the present preparation, the complete composition of honey remains intact. When topically applied, the present preparation promotes hair growth, thickens thinning hair, prevents and reduces hair loss, treats dandruff and other scalp disorders, and softens skin. The unique honey composition provides essential nutrients to activate and regenerate hair follicles, to support strong hair growth, and to restore hair color prior to graying.
The present invention provides methods and preparations for treating skin, scalp and hair conditions using the active ingredients of honey. While it is preferred to use honey as a whole, the active ingredients may be extracted or artificially synthesized and used individually or in combinations. The present preparations are effective in treating a wide range of conditions including, but not limited to, burns, wounds, cold sores, viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, acne, psoriasis, allergies, rashes, skin dryness dermatitis, poison ivy, insect bites, and similar skin conditions.
The present invention contemplates a base for other medicaments and/or cosmetic ingredients that have value to treat particular conditions.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide methods and preparations for treating skin, scalp and hair conditions wherein the treatment composition is topically applied to the skin and/or hair and hair follicles. The treatment agent includes sugar components, vitamins, minerals, proteins, enzymes and hormones existing in honey as is, extracted from bee honey, or synthesized and used individually or in mixtures.
Without the present invention, the application of honey by itself is inadequate to provide proper skin, scalp and hair dosings. The present invention contemplates methods and preparations for controlling thickness and for providing adequate dosing of the active ingredients.
Although preferred applications of the present preparation are topical for providing desired concentrations at treated areas, the treatment of the conditions may be enhanced by oral or parenteral administration of the active ingredients existing in bee honey.
While the use of whole honey is preferred, preparations including individual components, selected components, or selected components in combination with synergistically enhancing treatments are also possible.
These and further and other objects and features of the invention are apparent in the disclosure, which includes the above and ongoing written specification, with the claims.
The disadvantages which limit the topical application of honey in cosmetics and medicine are inconveniences due to the sticky character and improper dosing of honey. Those problems are remedied in the present invention by providing compositions produced by mixing honey with oil and/or gelling agent with the aid of an emulsifier or a mixture of emulsifiers.
The present invention includes the mixing of honey or active ingredients of honey with oil, gelling agent, emulsifier and other components. Numerous mixing methods may be used including hot, warm and cold mixing methods. In preferred embodiments, cold or warm mixing is used to avoid undesirable changes due to heating the honey and to maintain the integrity of all the components including enzymes, proteins, sugars, fats, vitamins, hormones, minerals, nectar, pollen grains, and the like.
The present invention specifically contemplates methods and preparations including the active ingredients of honey in combination with optional amounts of oil, gelling or thickening agent, emulsifier, fragrance, preservative, colorant and any other component that can be used in a cosmetic or therapeutic topical application. Examples of possible natural oils include, but are not limited to, rice bran oil, corn oil, almond oil, coconut oil, castor oil, cottonseed oil, lanolin oil, and extracted or hydrogenated derivatives of those oils. Silicone oil is an example of a possible synthetic oil. Mineral oils, along with their distillates and cracked or polymerized derivatives, can partially or completely replace the oil components of the present preparations.
Gelling or thickening agent is preferably a type that can be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations to control the consistency or physical properties of the preparation. Possible thickening agents for controlling the consistency of the present preparation include, but are not limited to, natural waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax and candela wax, paraffin waxes, hydrocarbon polymers such as polymers of ethylene and polyisobutylene, fatty acids and alcohols such as stearic acid, stearyl alcohol and lanolin alcohols, and modified waxes such as siliconyl beeswax, in addition to hydrophilic thickening and gelling agents such as carrageenan derivatives and cellulose polymers.
Of the optional components provided above, the oil is typically olive oil, although other vegetable, mineral and synthetic oils can be used individually or in combination.
When applied to the scalp and hair, the present preparation is extremely effective in promoting hair growth, preventing stopping or minimizing hair loss, thickening hair, conditioning hair and the scalp, conditioning skin, treating dandruff and alopecia, and enhancing and restoring hair to its natural color.
Methods and preparations of honey for skin, scalp, hair, lips, eyes, ears, nose and dental applications are described in detail below. Although honey is preferably used as a whole, the class of compounds existing in honey, including sugars, amino acids, vitamins such as biotin, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and thiamine, enzymes such as diastase, invertase, glucose oxidase and catalase, and minerals such as potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, copper and calcium, may be extracted from honey or similar natural products or synthesized chemically or modified and used individually or in combination to be formulated for topical applications or oral administration.
Honey is mixed at about 40° C. or below with an oil base selected to suit the intended application, and to control the thickness, the spreadability and the stickiness of honey. The base preferably includes one or more of the following natural, synthetic or modified natural components: oils, waxes, polymers, emulsifiers, and other optional components. Any component which is of use in therapeutic or cosmetic topical applications, and which is compatible with the desired formula, may be included and is considered under the scope of the present invention.
The following are provided as examples of the present preparation:
Emulsifiers of the grillotine and grillicose group, such as sucrose stearate, methyl glucose dioleate, and glucose sesquiistearate, remove or reduce irritation when the preparation is applied to open wounds and delicate tissues such as eye tissue. Those surfactants, or similar components, are preferably used in topical applications where irritation is to be avoided.
The preparations disclosed in the previous examples are accomplished by mixing the oil components together with the thickening agents and emulsifying agents in mortar or glass bowls and then heated on a water bath (preferably between 60° C. and 75° C.) to melt the waxy and solid components and mix with the oil phase. Temperatures are increased or decreased as needed to suit the melting and mixing of the different components. The emulsifying agent is preferably mixed at lower temperatures after mixing the gelled oil bases, particularly when the emulsifying agent is a liquid. The emulsifying agent may also be mixed with the honey prior to mixing with the oil phase.
The entire mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature while mixing. The honey is added in portions or all at once during the mixing. Although mixing honey with oil phase is possible at temperatures above 40° C., it is preferable to perform the mixing process at 40° C. or below to avoid exposing honey to high temperatures. The oil phase can also be added to the honey and mixed in a similar fashion.
Optional components of hydrophobic nature are preferably mixed with the oil phase at proper temperature prior to adding honey. Optional components of the hydrophilic nature are preferably mixed with honey prior to mixing with the gelled oil base. It is understood that any form of mixing that is used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries may be used for preparing the present formulation.
The sequence of addition of the various components, the mixing procedures, and the substitution, addition or replacement of components other than honey are not limited to those mentioned in this disclosure, but rather it is understood that the present invention is intended to include all such modifications.
In compositions where the presence of the oil phase is less important, the thickener can be a hydrophilic component including, but not limited to, natural gums such as gum arabic, gum tragacanth and guar gum, cellulose derivatives, pictins such as derivatives of alginic acid and of carragheen, bentonites and colloidal silicas, polysaccharides, synthetic macromolecules such as vinyl or acrylic groups or the like, starchy materials, phosphorylated derivatives of aliphatic hydroxylic alcohols, and natural or semi-synthetic interesterified triglycerides. The basis for overcoming the thinning and liquefication of honey is to mix honey with a gelling agent suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and/or nutritional preparations. Other components for controlling the consistency, taste, color, odor and stability can also be added. The present invention further serves as a vehicle for other active ingredients which have therapeutic, nutritional or cosmetic values. The following are further examples:
Water may be added at different ratios, particularly where other water soluble components are included.
All components except honey are warmed to melt solidified component, mixed together and cooled. The cooled mixture is then mixed with honey using a high speed mixer.
Water may be added at different ratios, especially if optional water soluble components are used.
For the purpose of topical application of honey, the preparation can take the form of a liquid, ointment, cream, lotion, shampoo, spray, soap, gel, dressing, or other acceptable form. The compositions of the present invention that are liquid or semisolid may be formed into a solution, ointment, gel ointment containing substantially no added water, or an ointment, cream or lotion containing a substantial amount of water. Compositions in the form of anhydrous ointment may be prepared as an ointment comprising freeze dried honey and beeswax and vegetable oil, freeze dried honey and a mixture of lanolin and white Vaseline, or paraffin ointment comprising freeze dried honey, beeswax, a solid paraffin and Vaseline.
The dry honey is mixed with the lanolin. Vaseline is then added to the honey/lanolin mixture and mixed until homogenous.
The composition in the form of aerosol or spray comprises active ingredients of honey and bulking agents, natural or synthetic polymer gum to prevent dustiness, an organic solvent and a liquified hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon propellant.
To prepare the formula, quaternium-18 hectorite is dispensed in volatile selicone in a high shear mixer for about 15 minutes. SD alcohol 40 anhydrous is then added and mixed for about 30 minutes. The mixture is then changed to low shear mixing and freeze dried honey is blended in gradually, mixing for about 15 minutes. The resulting suspension is passed through a Manton-Gaulin homogenizer at 600 p.s.i. Fragrance is added to the suspension and mixed for about 15 minutes. Cans are filled with the resulting composition and charged with propellant.
All of the examples provided in this disclosure do not serve to limit the invention in terms of ratios of honey, gelling agents, surfactants and other additives. The examples are not intended to limit the invention in terns of components, ratios or procedures. It is intended to cover all possible modifications of the invention.
Twenty-seven individuals, ages 13 and up, applied the present preparation for the treatment of acne or pimples. The preparation was applied as a thin layer in a manner similar to that of applying a regular moisturizing cream. All test subjects observed curing of the small pimples and experienced excellent skin texture when the present preparation was applied twice daily for 2-5 days. Among the test group, five males were suffering severe acne. Those 5 subjects rubbed the present preparation lightly over their entire faces once or twice a day and applied larger amounts (about 0.2 to 0.5 gram) onto large lesions at night. The large lesions were cured within one two three weeks and no new acne appeared during the course of applying the application once or twice a day. In all cases, recovery of the acne lesions occurred without leaving scars. Individuals with old dark spots, resulting after the recovery of previous acne lesions, noticed gradual change in the scar color to the normal skin color after applying the present application to the affected areas once or twice a day for one to three weeks.
Fourteen patients, ages four and up, applied the present preparation for the treatment of cold sores and herpes simplex infections on the lips. Eight subjects applied the present preparation every time they suffered from herpes or cold sores. The observations were as follows: (a) When the present preparation was applied at early stages (when subjects felt burning but before developing inflamed herpes sores) herpes was aborted in 80% of the cases and was not fully developed in the remaining 20% of the cases. (b) In cases where herpes lesions were already developed, the present preparation was lightly applied by rubbing to those lesions (about 0.05-0.2 gram). The tension and burning sensation accompanying the existing inflammation were immediately relieved. After about an hour, the crust covering the herpes lesions became soft and peeled off. The size of the lesions and the inflamed areas were significantly reduced within two hours and complete recovery was observed after three days, at most. In cases where the subjects did not use the present preparation, herpes lesions lasted for over two weeks. In a severe case of herpes simplex, one patient was suffering from severe herpes infection around his lips and surrounding face area. That patient remained home for two weeks because of the severe inflammation and swelling of his lips and face. Acyclovier, a local antiviral drug, was prescribed and used for nine days without noticeable improvement. When that patient applied the present preparation, relief from the tension and the burning was experienced within five minutes. Significant reduction of the inflammation and the swelling was observed after thirty minutes. The patient fully recovered after three days of applying the present preparation four times a day.
The present preparation was used for treating 14 wounds in six individuals, three males and three females. A 42 year old male had a wound on his ram after a bike fall measuring about 2.5 cm×7 cm, with the skin layer completely peeled from the wound area. About one to three grams of the present preparation was applied to that wound two or three times a day. The wound remained clean without signs of infection. Epithelialization was promoted from the peripheries of the wound. The size of the wound decreased gradually. The wound remained fresh looking and was completely healed after two weeks. There was a complaint that the present preparation caused an irritation sensation in the open wound. When sucrose stearate or methyl glucose dioleate was employed as emulsifier, that irritation was overcome or substantially reduced. It also would have been appropriate to administer local analgesics or anesthetics. When the present preparation was applied to four small wounds, the wounds healed within 1-3 days. Two fresh sharp wounds, 1.1 cm and 1.4 cm in length, completely healed within two days when the present preparation was applied and the edges of the wound were kept adjacent using adhesive tape.
The present preparation was very useful in burn treatment. The present preparation was used to treat nine burns on six individuals, three males and three females. The burns resulted from touching hot objects or from spilling hot liquids on different parts of the body. When the present preparation was quickly rubbed onto the affected skin areas after the burn incidence, the burning sensation disappeared immediately and no inflammation or complications developed. In parallel burns, where the present preparation was not applied, the burning sensation persisted, with the development of inflammation and infection in the affected areas.
The present preparation, when applied to burns of different degrees and different origins, relives pain, promotes healing and prevents and treats inflammations and infections.
Twelve individuals applied the present preparation topically to treat skin allergies, Those individuals observed relief from itching within five minutes of application. One 27 year old woman used to develop severe allergic reactions on her hands after using any dish washing soap, with the skin on her hands becoming dark, dry and itchy. When the present invention was rubbed lightly to the affected skin, the pain and itching were relieved within 15 minutes. The skin returned to its normal color after applying the present preparation twice a day for five days. That patient's allergy was prevented by applying the present preparation immediately after using the dish washing soap.
Rash resulting from different causes was also treatable and preventable when the present preparation was lightly rubbed to the rash area in children and adults of different ages.
The present preparation is highly effective in treating various other conditions, including, but not limited to, contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, external viral, bacterial and fungal infections, poison ivy and insect bites. The present preparation has further applications in the treatment of any skin, scalp, hair, nose, ear, eye or dental condition. Tests have also shown the present preparation to be an extremely effective deodorant and athlete's foot treatment. When the present preparation is applied to exposed skin, insect repellant activity is evidenced.
Over 216 individuals (males and females, ages 18 and older) used the present preparation to treat abnormal hair loss, to grow new hair and to relieve hair and scalp disorders. All subjects topically applied about 0.5-2.0 grams (about 0.5 to 2 cubic centimeters) of the present preparation to their scalps once or twice a day. Smaller and larger dosages are also acceptable and equally effective. All subjects were advised to use the present preparation twice daily or more by rubbing the preparation into the scalp. More frequent application is preferred but less frequent application is still effective.
Cream preparations of the present invention are preferably applied as follows. Pea-sized (1-2 grams) amounts of the preparation are rubbed into the scalp using fingertips. Rubbing should continue for about one minute. It is important that the preparation be applied to the scalp and not just the hair. Multiple doses should be applied to ensure the homogeneity of distribution. The scalp may be wetted with very little water using wet fingers prior to application. Wetting makes application easier for patients having long or dense hair. Once the preparation is applied, the hair should be combed to prevent stickiness. To stimulate hair growth, the preparation should be applied twice a day. To prevent abnormal hair loss and to maintain healthier hair and scalp, the present preparation should be applied once a day. Less frequent applications are equally effective. It is preferred that hair not be washed after application. If hair must be washed, it is recommended that the hair be washed no sooner than two hours after treatment. Shorter periods are still acceptable, but longer periods are preferred. The present invention can also be applied and left for a few minutes before showering.
Among the group of 216 subjects, 41 male subjects were at the initial stages of male type baldness and 56 male subjects were completely bald. All 97 of those subjects observed thickening and darkening of the very thin and weak hair within 1-3 days of using the present invention. After 6-8 weeks of applying the present preparation once or twice a day, new thin hairs resembling peach fuzz appeared in the thinning or bald spots, particularly at the peripheries. That new hair became thicker and darker within three to four weeks when use of the present preparation was continued. All subjects demonstrated new hair growth within two to three months of using the present preparation.
Twenty-eight subjects suffering from substantial hair loss applied the present preparation as described in the previous examples once or twice a day. Reduction of hair loss to normal or less than normal levels were reported after three applications. Only one subject still observed hair loss during the first three weeks of applying the present preparation. That subject also realized considerable increase in newly grown hair.
All seventy-three female participants reported improvements in hair thickness and general hair quality after three to five applications. Hair loss was significantly reduced after the third application when the present preparation was applied once or twice a day.
When four females suffering from hair loss with female type alopecia applied the present preparation to their scalps, new hair growth was observed within 2-3 months. New hair growth increased significantly as application of the present preparation continued. Patients (males and females) who stopped applying the present preparation also observed new hair growth subsequent to terminating application.
Fifteen males and females suffering from dandruff observed disappearance of the condition within one to two weeks when the present preparation was applied once or twice a day.
Three subjects were suffering from alopecia areata on the head, beard and mustache. When the present preparation was applied once or twice a day, considerable hair growth occurred and the affected areas were reduced in size within 2-3 months.
In all treated cases, newly grown hair and existing hair became conditioned, thicker, stronger and more attractive. Gradual original hair color restoration was observed in almost all subjects whose hair was graying including patients older than sixty within two to eight months. All individuals seeking new hair growth observed new hair growth before three months. Individuals suffering from hair loss or dandruff observed considerable improvement within a few days to two weeks.
Male and female subjects suffering from excessive hair loss observed significant reduction in hair loss after applying the present preparation two to three times. When individuals with hair apply the present preparation once or twice a week, healthier, more attractive hair results and the number of falling hair was kept below the normal level of hair loss. Other hair and scalp conditions that are treatable using the present preparation include, but are not limited to, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis of the scalp.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the preparation may be applied as a spray. A vacuum is used to dry the honey. The dried honey, along with any other components, are mixed with a propellant and expelled from a canister for easy, clean application.
The present preparation preferably includes no, or a negligible amount of, water and no artificial preservatives.
For the examples provided in the present disclosure, dosage amounts were in the range of about 0.05 and 5.00 grams.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, modifications and variations of the invention may be constructed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the following claims.


text:
Robert Louis Stevenson
A Good Boy
I woke before the morning, I was happy all the day,
I never said an ugly word, but smiled and stuck to play.
And now at last the sun is going down behind the wood,
And I am very happy, for I know that I've been good.
My bed is waiting cool and fresh, with linen smooth and fair,
And I must be off to sleepsin-by, and not forget my prayer.
I know that, till to-morrow I shall see the sun arise,
No ugly dream shall fright my mind, no ugly sight my eyes.
But slumber hold me tightly till I waken in the dawn,
And hear the thrushes singing in the lilacs round the lawn.
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Edgar Allan Poe
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- If You Forget Me, Pablo Neruda
- Daffodils, William Wordsworth
- 'Hope' is the thing with feathers, Emily Dickinson
- I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou
- Dreams, Langston Hughes
Poem of the Day
- Restart, Nalini Jyotsana Chaturvedi
- A Naat A warning Paposh Hayn Hum, Akhtar Jawad
- Values, Luo Zhihai
- TRUTH DEVOURING, Michael P. Johnson
- Dreams Money Can Buy, Ravinder Dhaliwal
- a Fading Torment, Tim Labbe
- Love Note 12, Michael P. McParland
- Glancing Back at Never, Sarah Cohen
- A Rest, Michael P. McParland
- Spiral, Chad Brack

domain: literature


Thursday, September 14, 2017
Glen Hansard talks about his well-worn Takamine Guitar
There is little doubt that the most famous guitar in the world, or at least the most famous Martin guitar, is Willie Nelson's guitar, "Trigger."
Another famous guitar is Glen Hansard's Takamine guitar, which he has played so much, on a daily basis, that it is even more worn than "Trigger" is.
The relationships certain performers form with their favorite instruments is truly fascinating to me.
Please enjoy the video!
BTW - CLICK HERE to go to Glens website!
If you have a favorite guitar, uke, bass, flute, trumpet, violin or any other instrument, and would love to share you story, then please contact me by email at firstname.lastname@example.org.
God's grace, and favorite insturments, amaze me greatly! ><>
There is little doubt that the most famous guitar in the world, or at least the most famous Martin guitar, is Willie Nelson's guitar, ...
Well I'll be . . . it can be done. If you didn't know, I use Aquila Nylgut Ukulele strings on my tenor and baritone ukes. Best soun...
Well . . . I just got the word. I'm getting not one, but two new knees for Christmas. It's time. The latest x-rays confirmed ...


text:
Bug Bites are formulated to address the natural, insect-based feeding habits of fish and include a balanced mix of premium proteins, vitamins and minerals for complete daily nutrition.
Ideal for all bottom feeders (plecos, ancistrus, loaches, corydoras cats, etc.), this diet includes nutrient-rich spirulina and kelp to promote optimal condition, growth, coloration and digestibility. The durable disc format also provides bottom dwellers the additional time they require to grind away at their food.
- Black Soldier Fly larvae – sustainably raised on fruits and vegetables for better quality nutrition
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- Includes a powerful mix of vitamins, minerals and trace nutrients for a balanced daily diet
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- Processed in small batches for maximum quality control and freshness
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- No artificial fillers or preservatives
- Wheat flour, Mealworm meal, Wheat germ meal, Dried black soldier fly larvae, Dehydrated alfalfa meal, Dried kelp, Spirulina, Fish protein concentrate, Shrimp meal, Spinach, Betaine anhydrous, Choline chloride, L-lysine, DL-methionine, Yeast extract, Calcium L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (source of vitamin C), Vitamin E supplement, Ferrous sulfate, L-carnitine, Mixed tocopherols (preservative), Rosemary extract, Zinc oxide, Manganous oxide, Vitamin A supplement, Copper sulfate, Calcium iodate, Vitamin D3 supplement
- Crude Protein min. 43.5%, Crude Fat min. 4%, Crude Fiber max. 3%, Ash max. 5%, L-lysine min. 0.5%, DL-methionine min. 0.5%, Moisture max. 7.5%, Calcium min. 1.5%, Phosphorus min. 0.6%, Vitamin A min. 25000 IU/kg, Vitamin D3 min. 1450 IU/kg, Vitamin E min. 95 IU/kg, Omega-3 Fatty Acids min. 0.6%, Omega-9 Fatty Acids min. 0.8%, Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) min. 440 mg/kg
- Feed as much as fish can eat in two minutes, two or three times daily.

domain: pet


The U.S. Surgeon General has recently released an advisory that warns of the threats associated with isolation and loneliness in the United States. Titled Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation, the advisory describes the growing decline in social connectivity across the United States and details the mental and physical health dangers related to a lack of social connection.
According to the report, various studies over the years have shown that socially connected people live longer, and it is estimated that social connection increases one’s odds of survival by 50%. Lacking social connection, however, is as dangerous to human mortality as smoking 15 cigarettes a day. People experiencing loneliness are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia, stroke, depression, and anxiety. This concept extends out to the community as well, as communities with higher levels of social connection are more “positively associated with a reduced burden of disease and risk for all-cause mortality.”
Loneliness is a growing trend in the United States. This was true even before the beginning of COVID-19 and social distancing, as nearly half of U.S. adults reported experiencing loneliness in the years prior. In response, the advisory concludes by proposing a National Strategy to Advance Social Connection that is built on 6 pillars:
- Pillar 1: Strengthen Social Infrastructure in Local Communities
- Pillar 2: Enact Pro-Connection Public Policies
- Pillar 3: Mobilize the Health Sector
- Pillar 4: Reform Digital Environments
- Pillar 5: Deepen our Knowledge
- Pillar 6: Cultivate a Culture of Connection
More resources related to loneliness and mental health can be found at HSDL.


text:
City's Efforts to Prevent Inundation in Pulomas Gers Appreciation
Reported by Yudha Peta Ogara | Translated by Nugroho Adibrata
PT Pulo Mas Jaya would like to thank the Jakarta Government for their flood prevention efforts
PT Pulo Mas Jaya President Director, Adhi Sadewo appreciated and thanked the Jakarta Provincial Government for the efforts made in preventing inundation and flooding in Pulomas, East Jakarta.
To ensure that the handling efforts are done well, the Jakarta Acting Governor, Heru Budi Hartono even made a direct visit to the Pulomas Pump House, East Jakarta.Here is Latest Data on Inundation in Jakarta
This visit was carried out to monitor the feasibility of building a pump house and dredging work in the Ria Rio Reservoir which is being executed around Pulomas.
"PT Pulo Mas Jaya would like to thank the Jakarta Government for their flood prevention efforts," he expressed, in a written statement, Friday (11/16).
He explained that the flood handling project was realized through the synergy between PT Pulo Mas Jaya and the Jakarta Government, which is planned to run continuously in order to minimize the potential for flooding.
"The Ria Rio Reservoir and Pulomas Pump House are a collaboration conducted between PT Pulo Mas Jaya and the Jakarta Government. PT Pulo Mas Jaya is providing the land and the Jakarta Government is managing the land.
He added that PT Pulo Mas Jaya also hopes that this collaboration could bring benefits to the community and help the Jakarta Government's commitment to handling floods and other natural disasters.
"We're very grateful for the initiation of cleaning and dredging executed by the Jakarta Government. Thus, inundation can be dealt with more quickly, especially in Pulomas," he stated.
As for the information, PT Pulo Mas Jaya is a subsidiary of PT Jakarta Propertindo, which is engaged in property development.

domain: politics


text:
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domain: design


text:
- Did you mean
- turn disease update brown rich pathways watch
causes disease in the host plant by determining what plant proteins it targets. This involves testing ...
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
viruses. These viruses infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. Disease severity ranges from mild ... Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is ongoing, and there are still detections of disease in ... communicable disease, and it should be taken seriously. We have free fact sheets available on Ohioline ...
Agriculture and Natural Resources Upcoming Programming
Carrie Brown is back to teach us about how to protect our gardens from pests, and which wildlife we might ... garden guru Carrie Brown will be here to teach us about garden pests and how to keep the critters out of ... OSU Extension educator for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Carrie Brown. Learn how to identify and ...
Bri Schneider Receives the CFAES Key Values Award
a degree in turf can take you to such a wide variety of careers from a PGA tour agronomist to marketing at ...
michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) and zebra stem of tomato, and to improve disease resistance and yield in processing ...
New Hire Announcement – Welcome, Tyler Carr!
our faculty in January. His extensive relevant work-experience in professional sports turf & golf ... active member of many local, national, & international turf associations, including the Golf Course ... content for golf course superintendents, sports turf managers, lawn care professionals, sod ...
State of OSU Extension (2023)
Download video transcript here. The full director's update video link + transcript/slides ...
Pamela Sherratt Receives the CFAES Distinguished Teaching by a Lecturer Award
science including: The World of Plants and Sports Turf Management! In Pam's own words "the ... sports turf management class has supported Columbus City Schools over many years by carrying out ...
Virtual Spring Wildflower Hike
Extension Educator, Carrie Brown, and enjoy these beauties from the comfort of your chair as we embark on ...
Ag in the Classroom
School Garden page on Growing Franklin. Tim posts a weekly update on what is growing indoors and outdoors ...

domain: agronomy


text:
Plebeians were members of the plebs, the hereditary social class of commoners in ancient Rome. Their exclusion from political power by the patricians, who claimed to be the descendants of the first senators, led to Conflict of the Orders, a centuries-long struggle for equal political rights for plebeians, which saw the creation of the Twelve Tables and other laws.
Social Structure in Early Rome
From the days of the Roman monarchy (753-509 BCE) and throughout the early Roman Republic, the Roman political and social structure was divided into two distinct classes or orders: the patricians and the plebeians (plebs). Although there is some dispute, the city's legendary founder and first king, Romulus, was said to have created both the Roman Senate and the Centuriate Assembly (Comitia Centuriata), with the latter enacting laws. The patricians professed themselves to be descendants of the city's original fathers – the first senators appointed by the king – and claimed the exclusive right to rule, thereby disallowing the plebs any access to power. Although some give him credit for its creation, the legendary sixth king, Servius Tullius (578-535 BCE), reformed the Assembly, organizing it into voting blocs or centuriae (blocs of one hundred). Combined with one's accident of birth, the reorganization of the Centuriate Assembly would further deny the plebs any voice in the government.
Historian Simon Baker in his book Ancient Rome wrote that the patricians were able to justify their complete monopoly on power through Rome's strict religious beliefs. Religion, he said, was of critical importance to all Romans, and they believed the success of the city was wholly dependent on the approval of the gods. The patricians claimed the priesthoods, and because they believed they had special knowledge of the gods, they alone were best qualified to hold all political offices. This exclusive knowledge would, therefore, bring favor to Rome. Of course, the plebeians completely disputed this claim.
Throughout the monarchy, because of their ancestry, the plebs was denied access to any political office or the priesthood. Although they had no political power, being a plebeian did not necessarily imply that an individual was poor. While many of the plebeians were poor farmers, others were prosperous merchants and rich landowners. After the fall of the monarchy in 509 BCE and the expulsion of the last king, the patricians maintained their tight control of the government: the Senate, the Centuriate Assembly, and, most importantly, the election of the consuls.
Plebeians Rise Up
As one might expect, this unfair division of power caused considerable tension between the two orders. In his book The Storm Before the Storm, Mike Duncan wrote that this conflict between the patricians and plebeians defined the early Republic. After the founding of the Roman Republic, the plebs continued to resent being denied access to any political office. Mary Beard in her book SPQR wrote of the plebs' feelings of exclusion and exploitation:
Why fight in Rome's wars …when all the profits of their service lined patrician pockets? How could they count themselves full citizens when they were subject to random and arbitrary punishment, even enslavement if they fell into debt? (146)
Within two decades of the Republic's birth, the plebs decided to rise up against the abuses of the patricians and force concessions. The result was to stage a walkout – the first in a number of such protests – that became known as The Conflict or Struggle of the Orders.
Prior to the Roman expansion across the Mediterranean Sea and their dependence on allies to fill the legions of the military, the Roman army relied heavily on the plebs to fight in their military conflicts. In 494 BCE, the plebeians, many of whom were poor farmers and mired in debt, refused to answer the call to serve in the army when Rome's borders were being threatened. Many of them were unable to maintain their farms while serving in the army and were forced to turn to the patricians for assistance, which led to their indebtedness and possible imprisonment. Together, the plebs exited Rome (although many of the richer plebeians remained in the city), gathered on Aventine Hill, and demanded concessions, vowing to remain outside the city until their ultimatums were met.
The patricians soon realized their dependence on the plebs and submitted to their demands. Negotiations began between the plebeian leadership and the moderate former consul Gaius Menenius Agrippa and other senators, and the strike (some call it a mutiny) saw the beginning of a change in the balance of power.
Plebeian Assembly & Tribunes of the Plebs
Several concessions were made to satisfy the plebeian demands. The first concession came in the creation of the Concilium Plebis or the Council of the Plebs, which initially only represented the concerns of the plebeians (ius auxilii) against patrician abuse, but its authority gradually increased over time. The assembly enacted laws and elected two officials or tribunes of the plebs (tribuni plebis); this number later increased to ten. One of the first two tribunes elected was Lucius Sicinius Vellutus, the individual who had led the walkout to Aventine Hill. The second one elected Lucius Junius Brutus (no relation to the future consul).
Each plebeian was required to take an oath to support the decision of the tribune whose power gradually increased, eventually becoming inviolable under the sacred law (lex sacrata), in a concept known as sacrosanctity (sacrosanctitas). He could summon the Plebeian Assembly to convene, elicit plebiscites (laws), and veto any magistrate or even another tribune's decision (intercessio) that pertained to the plebs. The tribune even had the authority to interfere physically (auxilium) to defend a citizen who was being wrongfully punished or oppressed. According to Anthony Everitt in his The Rise of Rome, "He could fine, imprison, or execute anyone who challenged his authority, or even, badmouthed him" (96).
The Twelve Tables
At the time of the first walkout, the Romans had no written constitution. Instead, they had unwritten rules and traditions (mos maiorum), or "the way of the elders." The plebs demanded the patricians make the laws public. This demand led to another concession: the Twelve Tables of 450 BCE. In 451 BCE, ten men, the decemvirs with consular power (decemviri consulari imperio legibus scribundis), had gathered together to collect, draft, and make public the laws. This first decemvirate wrote ten tables, and two years later a second decemvirate convened and added two more tables. One of these new laws prohibited the marriage between a patrician and a plebeian, however, this rule would be overturned later.
The Twelve Tables were displayed in the Roman Forum. Some historians contend this to be the starting point of the development of Roman law. In further concessions, the plebs was guaranteed no imprisonment for debt and the right to appeal the decisions of the magistrates (provocatio ad populum). Over time, after additional pressure, more laws were passed and, most importantly, the decisions of the Plebeian Assembly became binding to the patricians.
The voice of the plebs would also be heard in the increased power of the Tribal Assembly (Comitia Tributa). For years, the assembly was controlled by the wealthy; however, after the Conflict of the Orders, the assembly was reclassified into 35 districts or tribes. Four of these tribes were in Rome while the remaining 31 were in the rural areas. The assembly enacted laws and appointed quaestors, military tribunes, and curule aediles. Each tribe contained both poor and wealthy, thereby becoming more representative.
It took the plebeians almost two centuries to achieve equality with the patricians. By 367 BCE, the plebs could stand for election to consul, and by 366 BCE, the first plebeian consul was elected. In 342 BCE, it became law that one of the two consuls had to be a plebeian. By 172 BCE, the plebs had held both consulships. Mary Beard wrote:
[The Conflict of the Orders] had done something far more significant and wide-ranging than simply end political discrimination against the plebeians. It had effectively replaced governing class defined by birth with one defined by wealth and achievement. (167)
Although there are those who question the historical accuracy of the Conflict of the Orders of 494 BCE, the final acquisition of power made the plebs an integral part of the political system. In Beard's words, "The history of the Conflict of the Orders adds up to one of the most radical and coherent manifestation of popular power and liberty to survive the ancient world" (150).

domain: history


text:
‘At Ellerston we were able to create a course that a golfer of my calibre would love to play everyday for the rest of his life.’ Greg Norman
Locked away in the secluded high country of the ...read more
Along with fellow American Tom Doak, Bill Coore is one of the most respected and admired golf architects in the industry today. Where Doak is an outspoken anti-establishment type with forceful view...read more
‘The kind of golf that people play in their most ecstatic dreams.’ Bernard Darwin on Royal County Down.
The most exhilarating golfing experience on the planet, the links at Royal County Down ...read more
Situated on Northern Ireland’s beautiful North coast, the Royal Portrush Golf Club occupies an ancient dune system that runs alongside the Atlantic Ocean and overlooks the Giant’s Causeway headland...read more

domain: geography


text:
Several years ago, while attending a Good Friday service at a fundamentalist or evangelical church (I cannot figure out which one is what), it struck me that something felt wrong in all their praise music, the flowering of the auditorium with lilies, and a rock band on the stage. This was Good Friday, the day Christians mark as a day of suffering, grief, and death. There is no joy in any of that. Good Friday is a grim and dark day and observed as such.
Yes, we all know what comes next. We know that God, through Jesus, will overcome suffering, grief, and death and will bring to fruition the promise of the resurrected life. Nonetheless, if we observe Good Friday as a day of sorrow we will understand Easter better and the joy of that day will be greater than we expect.
If this day is a time for solemn reflection on suffering, grief, and death, why is it good? We can agree, I suppose, that seeing a friend suffer, grieving a loss, and experiencing the death of a loved one is not particularly good. The word good probably comes from a distortion of the word god, such as when we say, “Good-bye.” We are saying, “God be with ye,” maybe. All of this is lost in etymological history. Maybe it would be better to call this day “Holy Friday.”
My point is that the day is to be spent thinking about mortality,Jesus’ and ours. Think about the circumstances described in the Passion Gospels we read during Holy Week. They are complete with descriptions of corrupt leadership, betrayal, brutality, tyranny, and ultimately painful death. If I, or any of us, were living in the first century of this calendar era and had we spoken negatively about Roman governance, I more than likely would suffer the same fate. Further, not only be hung on a cross would be my fate, but there is no escaping the finality of that form of punishment; I would die.
Death is the finality of the story for this day and that is what we must understand about Good Friday. Depictions of Jesus on the cross are often so disinfected we do not get the full message or a complete understanding of what actually happened. The fact of the matter is that Jesus died on the cross. We cannot turn that fact into a nice picture or a beautiful crucifix hanging over the altar. It was a bloody and painful experience for the victims of Roman tyranny.
In retrospect, however, Christians do see the cross as more than a tool of evil. The cross, because of Jesus’ ultimate victory, is a symbol of hope. However, as John, the Beloved Disciple, Mary, Jesus’ mother, Mary Magdalene, and the other women standing at the foot of Golgotha saw no hope for the future. Satan had returned at the opportune time and did his worst; evil executed a son and a friend. When the finality of the cross is recognized, Easter becomes more than a day of flowers and a spring ritual. Because of the cross Easter is a day of power, a day of recognition that God does act and intervene in human history. Therefore, the cross can be seen a symbol of hope for us today, but we must remember, the followers of Jesus did not know this on that bleak Friday outside the walls of Jerusalem.
As Jesus hangs on the cross dying he utters the words of Psalm 22, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Why are you so far from helping me, from the words of my groaning? “(22:1-2a). There are several Psalms that seem to foretell the agony of Good Friday. For example, as we hear Jesus’ final words on the cross, “It is finished,” he must have remembered the words of the Psalmist, “To you, O LORD, I lift up my soul” (25:1).
The Psalms help us acquire the mental and physical posture for this saddest of days. In Psalm Thirty-one we read, “Be gracious to me, O LORD, for I am in distress; my eye wastes away from grief, my soul and body also. For my life is spent with sorrow, and my years with sighing; my strength fails because of my misery, and my bones waste away” (31:9-19). Think of Jesus nailed to the cross when you read these words from the same Psalm, “I am the scorn of all my adversaries, a horror to my neighbors, an object of dread to my acquaintances; those who see me in the street flee from me. I have passed out of mind like one who is dead; I have become like a broken vessel” (31:10-11).
We can use more such Psalms on this day for meditation and a vision of the ugliness of the event we are observing on this Holy Friday. However, Psalm Sixty-nine captures the despair those who watched Jesus die. Listen to the Psalmist as he cries in despair, “Save me, O God, for the waters have come up to my neck. I sink in deep mire, where there is no foothold; I have come into deep waters, and the flood sweeps over me” (69:1-2). As Jesus climbs to the top of Golgotha, the words of Psalm Sixty-nine must have raced through his brain, ” You know the insults I receive, and my shame and dishonor; my foes are all known to you. Insults have broken my heart, so that I am in despair. I looked for pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none” (69:19-20). As he hung from the cross and offered sour wine, certainly, he remembered the words of the same Psalm, “They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink” (69:21).
Nevertheless, we know the result of this terrible day in their lives and we can see the other side of joylessness. The condition of joylessness is something with which all people eventually have to deal. At some point in life there will be a time of suffering, there will be a time of grief, and ultimately we must face our own mortality. Life is a thin line snapped away in an instant or dragged to the cross of long-term painful illness. We learn from the Good Friday observance that eventually we come down from the cross and find there is another side, another shore, another life.
The ultimate hope that comes from the cross reminds me of the old English hymn that gives me much strength when sung by a congregation of believers. The hymn I find that completely captures the mood of Good Friday is Isaac Watts’ “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross.” Isaac Watts(1674-1748), in his poem, reminds us that while the Cross of Christ is wondrous it is also an instrument of sorrow. As Watts looks at the cross he sets aside all his own vanity, his own personal loses, and sees in the Cross of Christ sorrow and love mingling and flowing down to offer an amazing love of sacrifice and total forgiveness.
On Good Friday, all who have committed themselves to follow Christ Jesus need, as Isaac Watts wrote, to set aside vain personal worlds and cry out with the prophetic words of Jeremiah in the Book of Lamentations, “I saw all the deeds that are done under the sun; and see, all is vanity and a chasing after wind” (1:14). Then feel the profoundness of sorrow and love mingling down.


Jerusalem (AFP) - Israel knew its arch-enemy Iran held a stake in ThyssenKrupp when it planned to purchase submarines from the German firm, Defence Minister Avigdor Lieberman said on Tuesday.
"We have known Iran was a shareholder in the German company since 2004," the minister said in comments broadcast by public television, referring to the year of a previous order.
Lieberman said Israel "had no other alternatives" apart from the German company to buy new submarines.
The Jewish state has been embroiled in controversy over the past few days after media reported Iranian holding company IFIC continues to own a 4.5 percent stake in the German firm.
Israel sees Iran as its main enemy, and suggestions that the Islamic republic would benefit from its defence purchases made headlines.
Israel was reportedly negotiating to buy three submarines at a combined price of 1.2 billion euros ($1.3 billion), to replace the oldest vessels in its existing Dolphin fleet, which began entering service in 1999.
Foreign military sources say the Dolphins can be equipped with missiles armed with nuclear warheads.
Israel is the Middle East's sole if undeclared nuclear power, refusing to confirm or deny that it has such weapons.
According to defence ministry officials quoted by the media, Israel obtained guarantees from the German firm that Iran did not have access to confidential information on the submarines it would receive.
ThyssenKrupp has said IFIC's shareholding dropped from 7 percent to 5 percent in 2003, but has not said what stake the Iranian holding company now owns.
Before the reports of Iran's link to the company, Israel's attorney general had already ordered police to examine allegations of improper conduct in the planned purchase of the submarines.


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text:
Cape Cod Community College held an active shooter training session this week, where members of the public could participate in a simulated shooting scenario. In the North building, people crowded into corners of classrooms as a man holding a nerf gun roamed the hallways, and an alarm was sounded. This was a re-enactment of what schools typically advise students to do if a gunman is on campus.
The nerf gun shooter hit a number of people. But then, participants were instructed not to duck and cover, but to be active in trying to evacuate and keep the gunman at bay. People quickly barricaded classroom doors, and almost no one was shot.
The scenario was to show the effectiveness of a new type of training being circulated in schools and businesses called ALICE, which stands for "Alert, Lockdown, Inform Counter and Evacuate." Mark Bourque, an instructor leading the session, says this new approach trains people to think on their feet in a situation like this, so they'll be prepared.
"If we employ these tactics of simple movement, distraction, distance, and allow people to barricade rooms, break windows—if we now empower folks to make these decisions under stress—they can keep themselves alive until the professionals arrive to help them," he said.
About 70 people attended the two day workshop, and a majority of the participants were teachers and administrators from local schools.
Maria Padilla, chief of the college’s campus police, said they're promoting the ALICE method because it allows people to address a situation non-linearly when dealing with a gunman.
"Not all incidents of an active shooter are the same, so we’re focusing on having people learn to think out of the box," Padilla said. "We’re so programmed to go step one, step two. This is so you can skip a step, you can move on."
The college will be holding another training in the fall specifically for students.

domain: sociology


Rangers produced a scintillating second half display to come from behind and beat battling Hearts 2-1.
Rangers were dealt a huge blow early on when Kevin Thomson was sent off for a late challenge on Ian Black after just 12 minutes. Hearts almost took advantage immediately when winger Suso smashed the ball off of Allan McGregor`s goal after Madjid Bougherra failed to usher the ball out of play for a goal kick.
It wasn`t long before the Edinburgh side did take advantage, as Austrian striker David Witeveen`s tame effort found its way into the net after some slack goalkeeping from Gers keeper Allan McGregor.
Hearts soon brought on young striker Gary Glen for Christian Nade and the youngster imposed himself well. Nade was lucky to remain on the park after a catalogue of fouls saw him eventually booked.
Rangers struggled for the remainder of the first-half but the second was a different story. Walter Smith sent his players out in an attacking formation, with Papac, Bougherra and Weir forming a back-three and substitute Steven Smith serving as a wing-back along with his right-sided counterpart Whittaker. McCulloch and Davis produced a battling display that would eventually drive Rangers on to victory.
Smith`s delivery from wide areas and set-pieces was excellent, and it finally paid off when Lee McCulloch glanced Smith`s precise free-kick past Ballog to level the game for Rangers shortly after McGregor made an outstanding save from Suso at the other end.
Rangers looked the most likely to score as the game wore on and eventually got their reward when Steven Naismith was felled by Bouzid. The challenge was reckless and left referee Craig Thomson in no doubt. Late substitute Kris Boyd made no mistake from the penalty spot as he ensured Rangers claimed all three points.
Both Bouzid and Thomson gave today`s ref two huge decisions to make for rash challenges and both paid the price.
However, it was the encouraging winning mentality, particularly in the second half that saw Rangers over the finish line.
Who do you think our man of the match was today?
Also, vote for your man of the match on the poll on the front page of the site!
Join Vital Rangers
Message Board To visit the message board, click here.
Get involved This website is your website and we are looking for people to help run the site. Do you go to most of the games and have an opinion? Why not write a match report? Perhaps you are a budding journalist or even just someone who is very opinionated? Well why not join our team? If this interests you please contact email@example.com.


text:
The Edstone Aqueduct, now 200 years old, was nearly not built. Its survival is thanks to the many enthusiasts who saved it from dereliction, and our ongoing care and maintenance.
Built on the cheap
Building of the Stratford Canal began in 1793 and only reached from King's Norton junction to Hockley Heath where the money ran out. It eventually reached its full 36 km (25.5 mile) length arriving in Stratford-on-Avon in 1816. The canal has a northern and southern section, with the divide at Kingswood Junction where access to the Grand Union canal is gained.
Built in the heyday of the canal era, a local land agent called William James, invested his own resources to achieve his vision of linked navigations between the River Avon and the Midland canal network. In partnership with the engineer William Whitmore the southern stretch of the waterway was cut during 1812 to 1816.
England's longest cast iron aqueduct
The South Stratford canal's unique character is due in part to the cost cutting measures the Williams introduced, among them the prefabricated cast iron split bridges, narrow locks and single leaf gates. It is a little surprising then to find three aqueducts built on the South Stratford, one of which holds the record as England's longest cast iron aqueduct to this day, 200 years after it was completed.
Decline, fall and restoration
The rise and fall of canal mania is well recorded. The South Stratford did not escape the decades of disuse and neglect of our inland waterways. By the 1900s, the South Stratford was already a backwater by-passed by the Grand Union. By 1958 its very existence was threatened as the County Council applied for a Warrant of Abandonment for the canal. Local enthusiasts rallied to save the canal and were successful.
The Stratford Canal now has a revered place in the history of the canal restoration movement, led by Tom Rolt and Robert Aikman, activists championed the legal rights of passage. In the early 1960s the IWA successfully pioneered the use of voluntary labour and shows how effective such popular mobilisation of effort and expertise could be in restoring the waterways. Without their efforts the Edstone Aqueduct would not be here for us to enjoy.
A waterway in the sky
The Edstone Aqueduct, also known as the Bearley, was completed in 1816 and is among the earliest prefabricated structures, a kind of kit. Its cast iron trough is formed of 35 separate sections bolted together and carries the waterway across three railway tracks (one of which is now disused), a minor road, a stream, and a field. Thirteen brick piers create the 14 spans, to total 146 m (498 ft). The trough is 2.7m wide (9ft) and 1.5m deep (5ft).
The design of the aqueduct is considered somewhat unusual as the towpath is set level with the base of the trough, similar in design to Telford's aqueduct at Longdon on Tern. Telford improved the design for Pont Cysyllte Aqueduct where the towpath is level with the top of the trough and cantilevered over the waterway, thus providing a wider waterway without increasing the overall width of the structure.
The two approaching embankments sit in different parishes, Wootten Wawen and Aston Cantlow, carrying pedestrians and boaters over railways, roads, a stream and fields. One abutment wall has been reinforced with masonry and the other has been buttressed. Soon after the structure was built, it became apparent that the thermal expansion and contraction resulted in excessive movement. Thermal expansion had not previously been a design issue because on earlier, shorter spans, it did not produce a significant effect. In a 20 0C temperature change, for example, the trough will expand by up to 65 mm. The piers are undamaged because their slenderness renders them flexible.
Caring for our heritage
The Trust's regular programme of inspection, maintenance and repair keeps many thousands of historic structures in good working order, so they continue to operate as part of a working waterway and can be enjoyed by generations of boaters and visitors to come.
We'd love to tell you more
Our newsletter is packed full of exciting updates and stories of how our charity keeps canals alive.


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A group of younger teenagers beat an 18-year-old man on Pattaya Beach after he asked them to quiet down.
The group of suspects left the beach prior to the police’s arrival. The incident was reported at half an hour past midnight on Thursday, July 6th, at Pattaya Beach.
The police arrived at the scene and saw the victim, 18-year-old Mr. Shinawatra Nilkasem, lying on a beachmat surrounded by other beachgoers who were helping him. He was transferred to Banglamung Hospital to undergo medical treatment.
According to the victim’s unidentified friends, Shinawatra was beaten by a group of younger teenagers after he politely told them to lower their voices as he was sitting nearby on Pattaya Beach and being bothered. The group became seemingly angered at Shinawatra’s warning before they briefly left the beach only to return with 10 other teens. The group then beat Shinawatra with their motorbike helmets.
Some of them also made a gesture that they had a firearm to threaten others not to intervene, the victim’s friends added. They said the group after beating Shinawatra to a pulp fled the area on Beach Road.
Pattaya police were examining CCTV cameras to identify the suspects.
This isn’t the first public assault on Pattaya Beach recently.
Some critics of the recent altercations have suggested closing times for the skatepark after dark, it is unclear if this same proposal would ever be considered for the Beach and unlikely as well notes TPN Media.

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New Moschino boutique in Paris
An exquisite touch has been added to the new Moschino boutique on the prestigious Rue Saint-Honoré in Paris by Margraf Fior di Pesco Carnico marble.
The entire floor surface is covered in exclusive Margraf marble-resin: an agglomerate which is 95% mixed grits of precious Fior di Pesco Carnico marble that are selected for their size and colour. The final effect is reminiscent of Italian Terrazzo.
For more information CLICK HERE

domain: artistic


text: Within our nursery group we feel that literacy is of great importance to our children and reading especially plays a fundamental part in children’s lives. Through reading with our children it provides them with visual stimulation through pictures as well as identifying them all important letter recognitions. Also hearing different words and sounds can promote a child’s vocabulary immensely. To celebrate Literacy within our settings we promote and take part in World Book Day. We enjoyed dressing up as our favourite characters and bringing in and sharing our favourite stories with our friends.


This new recently showcased work phone looked a beneficial 20-lose, in-line Mildew and mold-Positives Axiom Synchro-Plate Device Door program that is rheologically well-balanced plus a good 33-region provided TempMaster iM2 Gorgeous Runner Heat Controller for real manage
(Malterdingen, Germany – Milan, Italy) – Milacron’s revived work on new product innovation follows a profitable appearing at NPE 2015 during the March. The company encountered the biggest unit inside the NPE history – more than twenty-five,100000 sq. ft – and therefore offered a patio to reveal a great amount of brand new Ferromatik shot molding hosts and you can new equipment development, including the release of Klear Can also be. Produced using the prize-winning Ferromatik 280, Klear Normally is a major co-shot strategy that allows plastic to reproduce the advantages of steel and you will mug stores choice. The 3-coating plastic material design enables a shelf life from dos-5 years.
New Ferromatik 580 was used within the a groundbreaking cell, appearing high-speed co-injections off commercial pails using re-work material. The latest versatile server enjoy with the access to 50% reprocessed issue from the core, ergo significantly decreasing the total cost of one’s plastic material part. Technology program obtained accolades at inform you that have attention https://datingranking.net/amor-en-linea-review/ off of several. Additionally, it helped to create the fresh info regarding multitude out-of alternatives having fun with co-treatment tech.
“Our very own Italian language cluster continues to innovate with pleasing services,” said Denis Poelman, Dealing with Manager out of Milacron Europe. “This type of developments push the fresh new envelope with regards to what exactly is it is possible to during the plastic materials.”
Joining up with the above one or two hosts are the brand new Ferromatik 360, promoting fast refreshment limits. The three computers written a compelling collection to the packing field system and you may have been star internet from the high tell you.
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Along with a strong demonstrating during the NPE and Plast, Milacron is able to present the fresh new Ferromatik ELEKTRON Evolution – another type of, total, hydraulic, versatile machine build diversity having an innovative systems having virtually people software. The company is even set to launch a different sort of servers list having those new services and you may improvements in the springtime. The fresh catalogue provides the brand new Ferromatik K-TEC highest-abilities host construction variety which can be introduced on next one-fourth. A beneficial examine are accomplished at Plast inform you within the Italy and you can the fresh new total speech try structured on the Fakuma 2015 Exchange Fair in the Milacron booth in Hallway B3/3203.
- Customizing equipment to get to know European standards on the Ferromatik ELEKTRON variety
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The newest Milacron Uniloy brand was also and make surf. At the NPE, the brand new Uniloy IBS 199-3 converted to Hybrid design to reduce opportunity is highlighted. People received newest position on Plast for the Italy.
Milacron’s the brand new crossbreed servers provides a direct digital bang drive and servo hydraulic injection to have direct shot-to-take to surface and you can somewhat quicker time practices. The fresh new Axiom program offers a great 10-year guarantee facing furnace failure whenever used with the latest TempMaster controller.
About Milacron Milacron is a global chief throughout the make, shipment and provider of highly designed and you can customized options within this vinyl technology and running world. We are the only real global organization with a complete-line device profile complete with beautiful athlete assistance, treatment molding, strike molding and you may extrusion products. Our method is to transmit highly customized devices, components and you may provider to our users about lifecycle of its synthetic processing tech solutions. Our very own business-top product names are Mildew-Experts, Ferromatik, Uniloy, DME, TIRAD, and you can CIMCOOL. Visit us in the milacron.


Office of the Fiftieth Congressional
District of California Formerly the Office of Randy “Duke” Cunningham
The Washington, D.C. office and the district offices of the Honorable Randy "Duke" Cunningham will continue to serve the people of the Fiftieth Congressional District of California under the supervision of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The vacancy became effective December 1, 2005.
See Press Release
The Interim Vacant Office Status:
By federal law and the Rules of the House of Representatives, the employees of the former Representative continue to staff the offices of the congressional district under the supervision of the Clerk of the House of Representatives. This interim vacant status continues until a new Representative is elected to fill the unexpired term. Currently, the congressional district does not have voting representation. Although the scope of the vacant congressional office is limited, constituents of the district are invited to contact this interim office for information and assistance as indicated below.
Until a new Representative is elected, the vacant congressional office cannot take or advocate positions of public policy. Constituents may choose to express opinions on legislation or issues to your elected Senators or wait until a new Representative is elected and takes office. Mail received by the vacant office will be acknowledged. The staff of the vacant office can assist constituents with general information concerning the status of legislation, but cannot provide analysis of issues or render opinions.
Assistance with Federal Government Agencies (Casework):
The staff of the vacant office will continue to assist constituents who have cases pending with the office. These constituents will receive a letter from the Clerk requesting whether the staff should continue assistance or not. Constituents who do not have pending cases but require assistance in matters relating to federal government agencies are invited to contact the nearest district office for further information and assistance.
The staff of the vacant congressional office is available to assist you at the following locations:
2350 Rayburn Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
District Offices in California:
613 West Valley Parkway
Suite # 320
Escondido, CA 92025
California Secretary of State Elections
THOMAS Legislative Information
Identify and contact your Representative using the Write
Your Representative feature on the House Web site.


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No matter, though. It takes more than a few decades stored at subzero temperatures to knock out a tardigrade. So, just one day after a separate team finally pulled the microorganisms out of their frozen cell in 2014, poking them with pipettes and soaking them in a nutrient bath, one of them started wiggling.
Before long, the tardigrade — which the researchers named “Sleeping Beauty 1” was scampering around its petri dish, even laying eggs. Meanwhile, a second tardigrade (“Sleeping Beauty 2”) began to revive, while an egg that had been found alongside them started to hatch, the scientists reported this week in the journal Cryobiology.
Dig ’em up, freeze ’em, abandon ’em for a generation — tardigrades can take it all. The cockroach wishes it was this sturdy.
These seemingly indestructible creatures — known as “water bears” but more closely resembling a cross between a caterpillar, a hippopotamus and Jabba the Hut — are the latest darlings of the biology world. They’re so adored that a group of University of North Carolina researchers launched an International Society of Tardigrade Hunters last year to seek out new species of tardigrade and promote appreciation of them among the general public, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York built a 10-foot replica of one to float above an exhibit on nature’s most resilient creatures.
If a funny-looking microorganism seems like an odd poster child for the wonders of nature, well, then, you probably haven’t heard a long enough list of all the ridiculous things they can do.
Tardigrades have been found in the most far-flung corners of the planet, resisting whatever unbearable conditions the world throws at them. They live in the oxygen-low extremes of the high Himalayas, the ice of the Antarctic, deep sea trenches, the dubious waters of a pond in New York’s Central Park. (They also live in pretty mundane places: dirt, moss, dust from the street.)
And that’s nothing compared with the indignities to which scientists have subjected them: starving them, squishing them, burning them, blasting them with radiation, drying them out and then rehydrating them like a packet of ramen noodles, even rocketing them into the frozen vacuum of space.
“They are probably the most extreme survivors that we know of among animals,” Bob Goldstein, a biologist at UNC Chapel Hill, told Wired in 2014.
Plus, they’re fairly cute: half a millimeter long (small enough to fit on the period at the end of this sentence) and roly-poly shaped, and what look like eight stubby legs and a squashed face. Unlike most other invertebrates, which tend to dart about frenetically, tardigrades are amblers — their name is Latin for “slow stepper.” Their anatomy is also a scaled down, simplified replica of what’s found in larger animals, writes Baker University biologist William Miller for the American Scientist, which makes them ideal teaching tools. At one point, researchers thought the creatures would be the main model organism for studies of development — though that honor now lies with C. elegans, or roundworms, a staple of college biology classrooms.
But the tardigrade still holds its own. In this latest study, the creatures more than tripled their species’ previous record for survival in a cryogenic stasis (take that, C. elegens) — eight years for adult animals, nine years for their eggs. It was thought that 10 years might be the upper limit for survival in this sort of state, the researchers wrote; at some point, the cells would begin to break down.
But a combination of optimal storage conditions and the tardigrades’ incredible resilience enabled the creatures to survive 31 years encased in ice and relatively unscathed.
The secret to their success rests in their ability to enter a state called cryptobiosis, in which their metabolism grinds to a standstill, Miller wrote. For all practical purposes, they’re pretty much dead.
But this is actually a survival mechanism for the dirt-dwelling creatures, which require a thin film of water around them at all times. If their conditions get too dry, the creatures will lose 97 percent of their body moisture and shrink to less than 40 percent of their full size, becoming desiccated husks of their former selves. In this cryptobiotic state, the animals can survive just about anything. Their cells become impervious to heat, cold, some radiation, extreme pressure (or lack thereof). From there, it’s just a waiting game, the dried-out creatures (called “tuns”) biding their time until their conditions are wet enough to resurrect themselves.
That’s what happened when the Japanese researchers thawed out the frozen tardigrades they’d taken from the Antarctic. Just two of the creatures were able to return from the dead when the scientists tried to revive them — several others were found stretched out in the characteristic tardigrade deathbed pose. And although Sleeping Beauty 2 died after two weeks, its companion lived long enough to hatch 14 eggs. A tardigrade born from a revived egg that was found with them also lived and gave birth to young of its own.
The scientists now aim to figure out how the creatures were able to live so long, lead author Megumu Tsujimto said in a news release, by studying the damage to the tardigrades’ DNA and how they were able to repair it.


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Lada Niva 1600 Maintenance Manual For VAZ 2121 21212 cars This manual comprises pages 27 to 64 of the official car manual which is not copyright. The manual is intended for owners of Lada Nivas who were not provided with a manual for their.LADA NIVA 1600 (VAZ 2121 21212) COMPLETE OFFICIAL FACTORY Service / Repair / Full Workshop / DIY Manual Lada Niva Full Service Repair Manual LADA NIVA COMPLETE Workshop Repair Manual 1999 ONWARD.
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One shoulder illusion bodice evening dress by Angela and Alison
THIS ITEM IS A PREORDER & IS ESTIMATED TO SHIP FROM OUR WAREHOUSE ON:
Availability: Out of stock
Show off some flair in this Angela and Alison 41032 dress. The one shoulder evening gown features an illusion overlay on the bust that extends to create the strap. This overlay is covered in sparkling beads. The sweetheart lining defines the bust. A band at the waist cinches it in and ties with a pretty bow. The skirt is full.