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It has all the beautiful textured disarray you see in movies, a remarkable food culture that will introduce you to new and unusual combinations of flavors. With the just right amount of English where you still need to struggle to get around and to actually feel that you are traveling.
Should you find yourself wanting to relax on super dazed and chill long stretch of white sand beach in the Philippines and you don’t want to go through the hassle of booking a flight then Calaguas is one of the best bet.
Calaguas is not just one island it is actually a group of islands in the Pacific at the town of Vinzons, Province of Camarines Norte. Just a two (2) hour boat ride from the town will take you to this powder perfect white sand beach, azure blue waters and unspoiled (YET). Although, due to private unregistered booky organizers influx social media it has become one of the go-to beach camp destinations. I will tell a few angles of my experience in the very essence of the beauty of the island.
The Halabang Baybay/Mahabang Buhangin (long sand) by the locals, is a cove located in the Tinaga Island, it is a picture perfect paradise with its long stretch of fine white sand, dotted with volcanic rocks on its both ends, the place is the most frequented camping and swimming site by tourists.
How to Get There:
Daet, the capital of Camarines Norte is the jump-off point to Calaguas Islands if you are going there via Vinzons. From there catch a jeepney to Vinzons and get off at the fish port (Pandawan). There’s a boat going to Barangay Banocboc daily, it departs the fish port at 11 AM, from Banocboc you can hire a boat to take you to Calaguas Islands for as low as 500php (10USD) or even lower depending on your haggling skill. The return trip to Vinzons fish port leaves Banocboc at 6 AM the next day.
Alternatively, you can hire a boat from Vinzons fish port to Calaguas Islands, price depends on the capacity of the boat. For a small boat that can fit four to five people, the lowest rate is at 2,500php (50USD)- 3,00ophp (60USD)
Going to Daet from Manila, you have two options:
- Philtranco, Amihan, DLTB and Superlines buses terminals are in Cubao and Pasay City to Daet. Fare cost ranges from 500php (10USD)-750hph (17USD). Travel time is 7-8 hours.
Recommendation: Superlines has a direct trip to Paracale/Panganiban (515php (10 USD)/pax, one-way Get off at Paracale and make your way to the fish port. Alternatively, you can ride a bus to Daet, get off at Barangay Talobatib in the town of Labo and ride another bus for less than an hour to get to Paracale town and walk to the fish port. Get a boat going to Halabang Baybay (Mahabang Buhangin), Calaguas for as low as 3,000php (60USD) and that is good for five to six persons, overnight.
- Naga in Camarines Sur is the closest airport with regular commercial flights via Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific. From Naga, Daet is around two hours drive. There are vans to Daet located in Naga Van Terminal, the earliest departs at 5 AM and the last trip is around 7 PM.
Where to Stay
The beach is popular for beach camping. It was held as a good perfect spot to pitch your tent and enjoy its pristine white sand and perfect sunset. Nowadays there are plenty of cottages and pseudo-resort. A room with A/C will cost you 3,500php (60USD) per night or a fan room for as low as 500php (10USD)
For happy campers like us, the entrance fee per person is 150php (3USD)
2200H: Departure at Superlines Cubao (Cubao to Paracale – P515/person)
0600H: Arrival in Paracale
0500H – 0800H: Arrival in Paracale/Find Boat/Shop for other needed items (ice, meat, fruits, fish, drinking water, etc)
0800H – 1030H: Paracale to Mahabang Buhangin, Tinaga Island, Calaguas by boat
1030H – 1300H: Set-up Camp / Lunch/ Socials
1300H – 1800H: WHATEVER YOU WANT TO DO
1800H – 1930H: Dinner Preparation/Wash-up/Fix-up
1930H – 2030H: Dinner, Socials
0600H – 0700H: Breakfast
0700H – 1000H: WHATEVER YOU WANT TO DO
1000H – 1100H: Break camp, wash-up
1100H – 1330H: Calaguas to Paracale by boat
1330H – 1500H: Arrival in Paracale/wash-up/fix-up/late lunch
1500H – 1630H: Paracale to Daet by van
1630H – 1730H: Waiting time/snacks/rest
1730H: Departure from Daet to Manila
0230H – Arrival in Manila
Estimated Budget: 2,500php – 3,000php
Beautiful, clean, perfect white sand that doesn’t get too hot even during mid-afternoon. Azure blue waters cascade lightly on its shorelines. You can see on the photo how the colors blue and white marry well together in unison. The water is perfect for swimming and just float lazily or read a good book while waiting for the sunset.
The best part of the day was when we watched the sun set slowly. The entire island turns into Sepia color and will make you make sappy and look for your old 90’s rock-ballad music on your playlist. Find a good spot under a nice branched tree and just wait.
Due to a growing number private organizers who bring in a large number of people to the island, it can get quite crowded most especially during summer season. There’s no problem with a lot of people coming in as it provides the locals good economy, what I am not a fan of are these organizers bringing in mobile bars and large-loud speakers that plays pretty bad eDM music after 9 pm that appears to be a cheap copy of laboracay weekend w/c disrupts the serenity of the place and other campers who went to Calaguas to enjoy nature. Calaguas is known or WAS know as a perfect beach camping destination for people who go there to see its beauty and enjoy a muted night. We’re hoping that those kind of incidents only happened during our stay. Our group had a hard time sleeping well that night due to the rowdy crowd and bad music that we ended up moving our tent away from nearer the shorelines. Nevertheless, we woke up to a perfect beach framed sight and enjoyed our breakfast the next day.
Insights and Recommendations:
- A DIY trip is almost the same cost as when you hire a private group of tour organizers. So it really depends on what you want. I suggest you get yourself a tour group, but if you want to the whole nine-yard experience then do as suggested above. Expected cost 2,500php-3,00php
- Travel time: 8 hours by land + 2 hours by boat
- Boat ride going to Calaguas during September can be a little rough since it is already part of the Pacific ocean.
- Bring plenty of ice, water, and other refreshments. You are going to a virgin island. Hence, limited resources and extra jacked up prizes.
- Bring the arsenals: Powerbanks, sunscreen, wet wipes, dry bags/ziplock, a good playlist.
- NEVER MISS THE SUNSET.
As we always say. Go forth and wander and become your own storyteller.
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The smell of salt and soft coconut oil, waves crashing gently on the shores, sands in between my toes, wind kissing my skin gently telling me that time stand still in a place like Siargao. Time passes crescently taking you thru your whole day.
I’ve emptied my mind and released all expectations I had for this place since a few individuals that I’ve talked to that have been to Siargao cannot put into words how magical the place really is. All they say is that when you return back to your automated life in the city you’ll pause everyday and think about this place over and over again. Daydream for weeks that you’d rather be spending a lazy Tuesday afternoons disconnected with the outside city life.
If you think of Siargao, most will brand it as the “Surfing Capital of the Philippines”, but for someone like me who’s not physically inclined to ride the waves Siargao can cater to anyone who’s in quest to experience what the island has to offer. Beautifully diverse landscapes from mangroves, enchanting forest, rock formations, waterfalls, vast rice fields, cave pools, calm white sand beach, and nearby islands. I’ve been to most beautiful and pristine islands in the Philippines and I thought I have seen it all. Of course, topping my list are El Nido and Coron which are situated in Palawan, but to much surprise, Siargao is authentically in its truest form strikingly, inexplicably and beyond beautiful.
Where is Siargao?
Getting to the island itself is a pretty long haul. If your kick off point is from Manila, Luzon
- FLY DIRECT to Siargao via SkyJet
- FLY CONNECTING Manila-Cebu-Siargao FLIGHT via Cebu Pacific
- FLY to Cebu take a 14-hour ferry ride (overnight) to Surigao City then take a FERRY to Siargao.
- FLY to Surigao City then take a FERRY to Siargao. I recommend riding the Fortune Angel.
- FLY to Butuan then BUS to Surigao City then FERRY to Siargao
I took the Cebu X Surigao City X Siargao Route as I wanted to spend a day in Cebu City first. From Cebu, I went to the pier and bought myself a ferry ticket going to Surigao City. There are options in terms of which type of sleeping area you’d be comfortable and also depends on your budget. I personally chose the Business Class area as it is more private, it has sockets for charging and it’s air-conditioned. A Business classroom will cost you roughly 1,200php ($20). There are mostly foreign nationals in the boat and I was able to some of them and they shared their Siargao stories, why they keep on coming back and how warm the people are. Of course, they went on and on and on how amazing the place is.
Ideally, you will end up staying in General Luna because that place is the main beach town with an interesting variety of shops, restaurants, resorts, and the great thing about it is that it hasn’t been ruined by mass consumerism for tourism.
You can see the sense of community on the island where locals and foreigners all co-exist. Most establishments are owned by foreigners who sought asylum from their western countries and built their homes and lives in Siargao. There are a number of restaurants, coffee shops, smoothie places scattered around General Luna
Where to Stay:
Note: Ideally you stay in General Luna area.
My friends and I stayed over at Eddie’s Beach Resort. It is reasonably priced and you get to stay beach front. Our room that is good for 4 people costs us only 2,200php ($40)
** all links are clickable to check availability, rates, and bookings.
- Paglaom Hostel (click for rates)
- Harana Surf Resort
- Point 303 Resort
- Kermit Surf Resort
- Siargao Inn
- Dedon Island
Where to Eat and Drink
- Pan De Surf (A MUST TRY)
- Coconut Pie
- Spicy Spider Shells
- Cafe Loka: Tourism Rd, General Luna, Surigao del Norte
- Kermit’s (A MUST TRY!)
- Shaka: General Luna, Surigao del Norte
- Miguel’s Taqueria: General Luna, Surigao del Norte
- Barrel Bar: Purok 5, General Luna, Surigao del Norte
- CFC: Cloud 9, Surigao del Norte
- NAH. Don’t.
For the best brick oven pizza try Kermit’s Dive and a Surf resort. They flew in folks from Italy to transfer crafting knowledge in making fresh pasta and making awesome pizza. This was probably one of the best pizza that you can get here in the Philippines. I asked for Parma ham, mozzarella, dill pizza.
Go to General Luna’s public market where you can get the freshest and cheap seafood. A whole yellowfin tuna that weighs 2 kilograms is only 200php ($4). What we did was we bought fresh seafood from the market and asked our resort’s restaurant to cook for us with a very minimal cooking charge. I must admit I haven’t gone around to random restaurants mainly because I was enjoying so much fresh seafoods from the market and my friends and I was happy to have it every day served fresh from Eddie’s Beach Resort.
It is a place where the land is rich and the sea is generous. You can live frugally yet get the best of what nature has to offer. The abundance of the island prohibits the locals to be greedy to its visitors.
What to do?
Surfing lessons will cost you only 500php ($10-$11) per hour comes with one: one instructor and board rental. For beginners, it is best to start surfing early in the morning at 7am-8am white the tide is high to avoid shore rocks. For experienced surfers, you can rent boats going to surf spots near neighboring islands.
- Daku Island
- Naked Island
- Guyam Island
- Explore General Luna Lagoon via stand up board or paddle board. Crystalline blue water and appreciate beautiful seascape
- The Magpupungko Beach and Tidal Pool
The Magpupungko Beach and Tidal Pool is located in Pilar, about 45mins to an hour drive from General Luna. Rent a motorbike for PHP350 per day (US$8) and explore it yourself. You can also hire a tricycle / habal-habal for PHP800 – 1,000/day (US$20). There is an entrance fee of PHP50 (US$1) per person.
- Surf in the morning in Cloud 9. Start before 7 am.
- Rent a bike and get lost. LTE is very fast on the island both Globe and Smart so just use Google maps or Waze
- Relax, lounge, sleep
I am still hung over for weeks now after my trip from Siargao. I am sitting right now in my office and everything and everyone around me were in a time-lapse. I want to pause. I want to be able to not wear a watch and forget time.
I want more of Siargao, I want to settle there and get a dog.
So what are you waiting for? Go and wander.
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In a city of over 9 million people of over 20 different nationalities from all over the world. They have the biggest Middle Eastern population, Chinese population, and even Hispanic population. True enough to its history, New York has served as an entry point to immigrants since the early 1600’s. Today, here I stand at the point of entry. Millions of others have gone before me, to experience the vast wonder that is New York City.
Once I cross the threshold that is Lincoln tunnel, I brace myself on how to comprehend the upcoming view. The looming building overshadowing most of the view, you feel that you have just entered a bubble of an alternate reality, and the world outside does not exist anymore.
How can I begin to describe New York City? Cosmopolitan, Trendy, Majestic, Grand, Traditional and Complicated. You have buildings that use classic designs from Art Deco to Neoclassical to Gothic, and to Beaux-art. It’s a place where food, art, and culture collide.
I love how even with the overabundance of buildings there are still several parks scattered all over the city. It’s a mix of greens, blues, and concrete. I’ve been to New York three times, and it never loses its appeal. She’s like your outspoken friend who’s always inviting you to all the cool secret places. There are so many things to do and discover in New York. It’s one of the best places to get lost in and immerse yourself in the city.
New York is so tolerant of all these different cultures and all these different traditions. You can find any kind of cuisine from the city, perhaps this is one of the reasons it’s called home by so many immigrants. By day New York is very busy, you see businessmen in suits crossing the road headed to wall street, you see the dog walker in central park with 5 different breeds of dog, the socialite in her heels, headed to Bloomingdale’s, the tour headed to Times Square, and your regular Joe ready for another day of work. It’s hard not to feel like part of the exhibit when every corner seems so picturesque.
By contrast, the city is different depending on what neighborhood you’re in. They have a numerous number of bars where you can listen to your local indie artists or the famous singers in concert at the Madison Square Garden. Regardless of where you are in the city, the shimmering lights from across the countless looming buildings shine on you, and you stand in awe of the beauty of the night lights.
There are 4 ways to get around the city:
- Ride Sharing (i.e Uber)
Click to enlarge map below with schedules;
The best way is to take the subway and walk around to reach your destination. It is both cost and time efficient at the same time. There are plenty of taxis, but they’re pretty expensive.
In New York, you can walk everywhere and you’ll be surprised at what the streets have to offer.
Now, if you want to just hit all the tourist spots, the most convenient way to get around would be to purchase a hop on and hop off the ticket, you can get down to all the tourist attractions you want to visit then just hop on the next bus to the next spot.
We use the Flexiroam X ultra-thin microchip, you just add a thin film strip to your SIM and enjoy data roaming in over 100 countries. Hassle free of not renting out any wifi devices in the airports and making cash deposits. You don’t have to change your SIM or subscribe to any local telco or have an open line phone when you are traveling. Easy, convenient and cheaper way to get data.
There are many choices for accommodations in the city. You can choose to get a bed in Airbnb that can cost you 10USD per night or opt for a hotel that could be as low as 60 USD to 300 USD per night. Click HERE to see the best deals and prices available.
Don’t be afraid to try the corner cafe’s, the hot dog stalls, and the hole in the wall restaurants and delis.
They are best known for their Banana Cream Pie. However, what I found most delicious was their dark chocolate fudge brownie.
Address: 200 Colombus Ave. NY; 401 Bleeker St, NY; Rockefeller Center, NY
Once I got into 53rd street, I could already smell the strong fragrant of the Halal Guys food cart. The scent will draw you in. Try their Gyro over rice, it’s around 8 USD, the flavors are stronger and more pronounced than the one in Manila. And their sauce is unlimited, you can help yourself to how much you want. This is worth lining up over, it’s filling, tasty, and affordable.
Address: W 53rd St. and 6th Ave, NY
The Plaza Hotel, one of the most celebrated hotels in America, is one place you shouldn’t miss. It was originally built in 1907 and housed countless world leaders, Kings, and Hollywood stars. Their food hall on the lower floor features different kinds of fine food, from various cuisines from all over the world.
When you visit the Plaza Hotel Food Hall, make sure to try the Lobster Roll from Luke’s. You can taste the fresh lobster and the richness of the butter combined in perfect symphony. I had to stop myself from getting a second roll. Definitely one of my favorite things I’ve had in New York.
For dessert, head over to Lady M’s and try their handcrafted cakes and pastries. I tried the signature Mille crepe cake.
Address: The Plaza Hotel, 5th Avenue and Central Park, NY
One of the things I wanted to check off my list was Shake Shack. Which was really the best burger chain in America? In N Out? Five Guys? Or Shake Shack? For me, once I took my first bite of my Double Shack Burger it was clear, this was the winner. The rich meaty taste of the patty and their potato buns topped with cheese was an explosion of flavors in my mouth. Don’t leave New York without trying this.
Address: 691 8th Avenue, NY; Grand Central Terminal, NY; 200 Broadway, NY
Aside from being a popular place because of those who loved the movie, they also serve delicious food and desserts. Try the Bleu Cheese Burger and their Frozen Hot Chocolate. Make sure to make reservations, as they always have a long queue.
Address: 225 East 60th Street, NY
The milk bar is the award-winning chef and owner Christina Tosi. They are famous for their crack pies, and compost cookies. You also need to try their cereal milk soft serve ice cream with cereal bits. It’s really really good!
Address: 251 East 13 St. NYC
More recommended spots;
- Katz Deli – Katz Deli goes way back since 1888, try their pastrami and corned beef sandwiches. Find them at 205 E Houston St, New York, NY
- Gray’s Papaya– Try their famous hotdog sandwiches. Find them at 2090 Broadway, New York, NY
- Peter Luger Steakhouse – Peter Luger is synonymous to the steak in New York. Established in 1887, they still serve the best steak today. Make a reservation at +1 718-387-7400, and find them here 178 Broadway, Brooklyn, NY
- Dominique Ansel Bakery – Try the original Cronut and cookie shot glasses. Find them here 189 Spring St, New York, NY
- Smorgasburg – This is a weekend foodie market featured 100 vendors from all over NYC and across the region. They’re open on Saturdays at Williamsburg and Sundays at Prospect Park. Disclaimer: They are only open on weekends of April till October.
There are a lot of things you can go to in New York but these are some that I think you shouldn’t miss. It might be cliche to some of you to go to these spots but they’re also classic. I’ve divided them into the different areas of the city
- Upper East Side – Take a stroll down central park before heading to Serendipity for lunch. There are also many museums in this area like Guggenheim, Frick Museum, and the Jewish Musem.
- Upper West Side – Check out the Museum of Natural History before heading to the Lincoln Center and catch a show at the New York City Ballet.
- Mid Town – There are several sites to visit it Midtown. Go up to the Empire State Building roof deck, Take a train from Grand Central Terminal, say a prayer in St.Patrick’s Cathedral, take all the pictures of Times Square, and watch a musical.
- Chelsea – NYC’s gay hub, with the trendiest clubs and restaurants
- Financial District – Take a stroll on Wall Street, and take a picture with the golden bull.
- East Village – Check out St. Marks Place, this neighborhood has a very diverse food/arts scene. Aside from vintage shops and hidden clubs, you can find the likes of Momofuku Noodle Bar and Eddie Huang’s BaoHaus in the area.
- Greenwich Village – If you’re a fan of friends head over to the Greenwich Village to check out their building. You can also visit the Washington Square Park.
- Tribeca – Check out the Brandy Library and the Mysterious Bookshop where you can find new, classic and even rare titles.
- Soho – One of New York’s prime shopping district, and art district. Visit the Film Forum, to watch classic and foreign films and art house features in this place.
- Williamsburg – Channel your inner Dan Humphrey and go to the Brooklyn Bridge, and check out Williamsburg where you can take a peek at the thriving art scene.
While there are countless of things to do in New York, I listed down the top 10 things you should do while you’re in the city.
- Take a stroll in Central Park, then take a pause and people watch.
- Visit the museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Natural History, Guggenheim Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art
- Get a ticket to watch Hamilton, Wicked or Lion King on Broadway.
- Visit Times Square and get a picture of the Naked Cowboy or Spiderman
- Go to the top of the Empire State building and see the New York skyline from their roof deck. Feel free to channel your inner Meg Ryan.
- Take the ferry to Staten Island and Ellis Island and see the Lady Liberty up close.
- Cross the Brooklyn Bridge into Williamsburg, and watch a free concert in Prospect Park(They have free concerts every Saturday during summer time). Check out Sofar’s and check the gigs across the city.
- Visit Coney Island and ride the Cyclone while munching on Nathan’s hotdog.
- Watch the Yankees play in the Yankees Stadium or the Knicks in Madison Square Garden.
- Check the weather, dress the occasion.
- Be ready with extra cash, everything in New York is taxed 8.875%, on top of that you also leave a 15% tip, especially when eating in restaurants.
- Be firm, don’t be afraid to say no to those pesky vendors on the side of the road.
- When visiting the museums, remember that you don’t need to pay the full entrance fee usually amounting to 15-30 USD and can opt to give a donation instead that can amount to 5 USD.
- Go to the restroom before leaving your hotel/Airbnb there are not a lot of free toilets around and would usually require you to buy an item, then be given a password you need to enter in a locked door to open the toilet.
- Download the offline version of NYC in Google Maps. It will make it much easier to get around, and it already shows you what bus/subway/street to take to your destination.
- Watch out for Wifi and charging stations. They have this for free all around the city.
- Keep your bag close to your body, while it’s a safe place, sometimes you can’t avoid pickpocket
New York is for everybody. Whether you’re a historian, a geek, a foodie, an artist, a model, or a businessman, you will find something to do. The city will welcome you into its open arms, drowns you in moonshine and sends you on your way. The fleeting feeling of New York is something I’ll always go back to. In this city of millions, I know it’s also a city for me.
As we always say. Explore and wander! And become a storyteller when you return home.
Did we skip out on your favorite drinking spot? Do us a favor and spread the word by commenting below. Don’t forget to tag #FatGirlsDayOut and @fatgirlsdayout on Instagram.
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domain: travel


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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans provide 3-D images of specific body parts. The scan produces highly detailed images from every angle. Depending on the purpose of the scan, a doctor may recommend contrast, which is a substance that a person takes beforehand. It helps the images to be more clearly defined.
An MRI scan is painless and noninvasive. The length of the procedure varies, depending on the situation.
Purpose and uses of head MRI scans
MRI scans allow doctors to see what is happening inside the body. These scans do not produce radiation, unlike CT scans and X-rays.
MRI scans use strong magnetic forces and radio waves to create images. They can scan bone, organs, and tissue, which makes them ideal for a complex body part like the head.
MRI scans show a higher level of detail than other imaging techniques, especially in soft tissue. This is important when examining the brain or brain stem for damage or disease.
A doctor may recommend an MRI head scan if they suspect that a person has:
- brain aneurysm
- blocked arteries
- a brain tumor
- a chronic condition that affects the head, such as multiple sclerosis
- eye or inner ear issues
- brain hemorrhages or stroke
- hydrocephalus, or fluid on the brain
- infections in the head or brain
source: Medical News

domain: biology


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The gray wolf is also known as the timber wolf and western wolf. It is native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America. It is the largest member of the wolf family, with males averaging 95 – 99 pounds and females 79 – 85 pounds. It is distinguished from other members of the species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle. Its winter fur is long and bushy, and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red or brown to black also occur.
It is a social animal, traveling in nuclear families consisting of a mated pair, accompanied by the pair’s adult offspring. The gray wolf is typically a top predator throughout its range, with only humans and tigers posing a serious threat to it. It feeds primarily on larger game, such as deer, wild boar, sheep and goats, though it also eats smaller animals, livestock, carrion, and garbage.
The gray wolf is one of the world’s best-known animals, with probably more books written about it than any other wildlife species. It has a long history of association with humans, having been despised and hunted in most pastoral communities because of its attacks on livestock, while conversely being respected in some agrarian and hunter-gatherer societies. Although the fear of wolves is pervasive in many human societies, the majority of recorded attacks on people have been attributed to animals suffering from rabies. Over the years, wolves have developed a fear of humans from hunters and shepherds.


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Top Tips For Playing Slot machine games in Casinos – Participating in Responsibly Online
In land-structured casinos today, online slots are largely played in plush, comfortable units that cause long, sustained periods. You can now access on the net casinos via smartphones and laptop or computer desktops to play whenever you wish. However, many components have contributed to its acceptance among online gamblers. No difficult skills needed: The consequence of online slots depends entirely on pure luck.
Winning is purely based on chance; hence, no skill is necessary to win in online slots. If luck is working for you, you might reel in thousands of dollars. On the other hand, should you be playing online with pessimistic ideas, you stand a high chance of ending up with nothing but a bitter tastes.
One of the better features of online slots is definitely its jackpot. A jackpot may be the biggest amount of money that a casino pays out in one go so that players continue to keep coming back and play. Although members can win small amounts of jackpots in casino slot machines, there is still a certain thrill in striking a jackpot.
In addition to providing big payouts, online slots also allow players to take part in on the net slot tournaments. Slot tournaments are essentially large contests wherein competitors vie for the chance to win a huge jackpot. Players can take advantage of the large number of competitors in these tournaments by boosting their chances of winning. For example, players with winning entries can become “top dogs” and receive possibly larger payouts. There is usually a cap to how much a player can boost her or his winnings but the amount they can potentially win is nearly limitless.
Slot machine games nowadays feature a selection of different payout alternatives. Some have fixed paylines while others have variable paylines. A lot of the standard slots offer either sole or multiple winning symbols. The most popular type of payout in slots today is the one-period payline.
Free online slots games provide a selection of bonuses that players can take advantage of. The top tips for playing free slots in casinos include being aware of what the various bonuses are and taking full advantage of them. Many of the most popular bonuses include free of charge spins, that may yield a high return on investment. Slots that feature bonus offer rounds are also a great way to boost your odds of winning large jackpots.
In addition to the free bonus you get, you should know which symbols are worth your time. The symbols that you position into the slots change the payouts. To be able to maximize your earning potential, you should know how the different symbols rate in the slot machine game. Most of the time, the symbols that are valued the most will be the ones which have a black arrow close to them. If you know which symbols are worth your time and effort before you place your bets on any specific slots, it will be possible to save yourself a great deal of money when you attend gamble with real cash.
You should play carefully, especially when you’re new to online slots 더킹 카지노 as you could end up getting caught by casino personnel that wants to prevent players from winning. Once you learn what the symbols on the reels signify beforehand, however, you won’t have to worry about getting caught by casino safety measures. This is exactly why it is important to feel the casino’s casino regulations prior to starting to play any slot video games online. Once you know the intricacies of the game, you will discover it much easier to create sensible choices when it comes to your betting. When you follow these top strategies for playing slots online, you are sure to be always a slot success very quickly.

domain: game


1924 Pierce-Arrow Model 33
For more than three decades, the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car of Buffalo New York, was among the most respected and renowned automakers in america. The rich gray tones of the limo has been the beneficiary of a full-bodied restoration by Eric Roseneu, a long-time Pierce Arrow restorer. The body was rewooded and correctly modified. The wheels were respoked and increased to 25 inch diameter. The inline 6-cylinder, T-head engine was rebuilt. The front seat is in lea..
1953 Jaguar XK 120 Drophead Coupe
The Earl’s Court Motor Show in 1948 debuted the XK120 and created a sensation! Originally the car was conceived as a low volume care but was destined to become one of the most celebrated sports cars of all times, thus 12,000 were produced from 1948-54.
Sir Williams Lyons designed the elegant curves and called it the XK Model suggesting a 120 mph top speed. Powered by a 3.4 Liter 6-cylinder engine with 160 HP, the XK was the fastest produ..
Only 1285 of these care were built. Cadillac broke a production record for the year, which was good after the 59 steel strike! This sleek body with the distinctive fins is a factory black car, meaning it is all original.
This Barritz model has factory air conditioning, a parade boot, power windows and seats, power vent windows and classic wheels.
A car worthy of its name, This only survivor of the make has a history that mazes all! Edward V. Rickenbaker drove early Dusenberg race cars, was a teammate of the great Barney Oldfield, entered WWI and proceeded to become the top flying ace with 26 confirmed kills. He returned home as a celebrity, wrote a book, appeared in the society pages, and decided why not build a car? In business with a group of Detroit car veterans, Rickenbaker became the sales promoter but saw to it that the car had ..


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Archives: Stella Ivery
Such an adorable mother-daughter duo. Grey’s Anatomy star Ellen Pompeo and her adorable 2-year-old daughter Stella Luna were spotted enjoying a post-Christmas day at the Long Beach Aquarium on Friday (December 30) in Long Beach, Calif.
What a sweet face! Ellen Pompeo and her daughter Stella Luna were spotted out in Malibu, Calif. on Wednesday (July 20). The Grey’s Anatomy actress looked in good spirits as she carried her 1 1/2-year old from a friend’s house.
Stella wears TOMS Natural Canvas Tiny Toms – $29
She’s getting so big! Ellen Pompeo‘s daughter Stella Luna, 1 1/2, kept cool by sipping on some coconut water during a playdate in New York City today (June 29). What a cutie!
What a cutie! Grey’s Anatomy actress Ellen Pompeo and her adorable daughter Stella Luna, 1, were spotted getting ready to head out for a Saturday (April 2) of shopping and family fun with Pompeo’s hubby, Chris Ivery.
Stella has a L’il Monkeys Personalized Tag Blanket with petal pink and lavender colors – $60-$91

domain: celebrity


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Rihanna is now the richest female musician in the world at 33—but what is her net worth?
Rihanna is officially a billionaire with Fenty Beauty and Savage X Fenty skyrocketing her value
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Pop superstar and beauty and fashion entrepreneur Rihanna has been titled the richest female musician in the world.
Forbes estimates that she is worth around $1.8 billion making her officially the wealthiest female musician in the world. Her new status has also landed her second to Oprah as the richest female entertainer. Rihanna didn’t establish her self-made billionaire status just on her music alone though. The 33-year-old has had major success with her beauty and fashion businesses Fenty Beauty and Savage X Fenty.
What is Rihanna’s net worth?
Currently, the singer has a 50% stake in her beauty company, which is valued at $1.4 billion. Fenty Beauty has taken off as a brand since its initial debut in 2017 for providing beauty lovers with a wide-range of the best foundations and the best eyeliners. This helped skyrocket Rihanna’s net worth combined with her lingerie brand, which is valued at around $270 million. The value of her music and acting career has also solidified her as a self-made billionaire (totaling everything out to about $1.8 billion).
In addition to Rihanna becoming a billionaire, Forbes also estimates that she made $46 million in 2020, according to its highest-paid celebrity list (opens in new tab) (where she ties for number 60 with David Copperfield).
Born in Barbados, the businesswoman was first recognized for her music. In 2005, she released her first studio album, and since then, has gone on to win nine Grammy awards for the seven albums she has released over the years.
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Naomi Osaka is the highest-paid female athlete, so what is her net worth?
Rihanna's following on Instagram has also helped drive her influence as a businesswoman with 103 million followers. This has helped her achieve widespread brand awareness as she uses her platform to post upcoming launches and new initiatives.
“I had one dream and that was for my music to be heard all over the world,” Rihanna said to Sarah Paulson for Interview Magazine (opens in new tab) in June 2019. “I didn’t even think about the fame part, and then that came, and I was like, ‘Oh, shoot. Do I really want to do this?’ But the thing that keeps me alive and passionate is being creative."
With a passion for fashion and makeup though, those creative outlets eventually led to new business ventures.
“With every business outlet, I’m making something from a vision to a reality, and that’s the thing I really enjoy,” she continued. “Music has led me to these other outlets, and to things that I genuinely love. My mom pretty much worked in the beauty and perfume industry for a long time—she did makeup for people and was a makeup artist—so I always loved that.”
Rylee is a U.S. news writer who previously worked for woman&home and My Imperfect Life covering lifestyle, celebrity, and fashion news. Before joining woman&home and My Imperfect Life, Rylee studied journalism at Hofstra University where she explored her interests in world politics and magazine writing. From there, she dabbled in freelance writing covering fashion and beauty e-commerce for outlets such as the TODAY show, American Spa Magazine, First for Women, and Woman’s World.
Princess Anne proves brown suede is back in style with slouchy handbag and matching knee-high boots on Coronation Street set
Princess Anne donned the quirky look on the set of British TV show Coronation Street
By Sarah Finley • Published
Princess Margaret’s 'absolutely livid’ reaction to her loyal Lady-in-Waiting marrying revealed
Princess Margaret’s 'absolutely livid' reaction on her Lady-in-Waiting’s wedding day apparently didn’t go unnoticed by the bride…
By Emma Shacklock • Published

domain: artistic


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Justina Wamae officially resigns from Roots Party
Former Roots Party deputy presidential candidate Justina Wamae is no longer a member of the party after she officially announced her resignation on Thursday.
Justina, in a letter addressed to the party's Secretary General, said she was rescinding her membership to the Prof. George Wajackoyah-led party.
She stated that her role as Wajackoyah’s running mate officially ended when Kenya Kwanza frontman William Ruto was announced winner of the State House race, and his victory upheld by the Supreme Court.
"My role as Roots Party of Kenya Presidential Running mate lapsed with the declaration of H.E President William Ruto and H E Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua on the 16th of August 2022 and subsequent upholding of the election by the Supreme court of Kenya on the 5th of September 2022," she wrote in the letter dated September 21, 2022.
"In this regard, I tender my resignation as a member of Roots Party of Kenya. Kindly accord the ORPP the requirements for my name's prompt removal from your party register."
Registrar of Political Parties Ann Nderitu, in a subsequent letter dated September 22, 2022, granted Justina her request notifying her that her name had been scrapped from the Roots Party books.
“According to the records held by this office as of 22nd September 2022, Justina Wamae is not a member of any registered political party,” stated Ms. Nderitu.
Following her resignation, Justina then took to social media to tell off the party saying the Wajackoyah-led political outfit would now not receive any funding since it did not win any seat at the August General Election.
"A party is not entitled to funding if they do not have elected members. The hostility besides project was that Mizizi will benefit from the fund. I have voluntarily resigned they can now eat hot air. Watch this space," she wrote on Twitter.
A party is NOT entitled to funding if they DO NOT have ELECTED members.The HOSTILITY besides PROJECT was that MIZIZI will benefit from the FUND. I have VOLUNTARILY RESIGNED they can now eat HOT AIR. Watch this space. #TillTheWholeWorldHears @KTNNewsKE @citizentvkenya @Tuko_co_ke pic.twitter.com/R5NWtKShRR— JUSTINA WAMAE (@justinawamae) September 22, 2022
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domain: politics


The 2023 Cadillac Escalade-V will be the brand's fastest SUV yet, but why is it here when Cadillac last year claimed that its CT4-V and CT5-V Blackwings would be its last gasoline-powered V cars? Well, the devil is in the details, and Cadillac is building an SUV here, not a regular car. So what can we expect? Thanks to a recent teaser of the engine note, not to mention numerous spy videos, we know that this SUV is getting a V8 of some sort, and we know Cadillac has gone big on luxury for the Escalade as a whole. Cadillac has kept most details secret, so let's see what is likely to be offered as the Escalade-V gears up to take on rivals like the Mercedes-AMG GLS 63, Audi RS Q8, and BMW Alpina XB7.
General Motors has declined to reveal the exact release date of the Cadillac Escalade-V, disclosing only that it arrives in spring 2022. It will launch as a 2023 model when it gets here later this year, but that's about all we know so far.
Again, GM has not disclosed this yet. But we can make some calculated assumptions. The regular Cadillac Escalade has a base price of $103,595, and the V variant will certainly add a chunk of change to that six-figure MSRP. We, therefore, expect that the Escalade-V will be priced in line with its aforementioned German rivals, possibly a little lower. For reference, the Merc-AMG GLS 63 starts at $132,100 while the BMW Alpina XB7 will set you back at least $141,300. The Audi RS Q8 is the cheapest of the bunch at $114,500, so we'd bet on a base price of around $120,000 for the new Caddy in the USA.
We've been shown pre-production images of the Cadillac Escalade-V's exterior, but Caddy says that the final version that will be seen on dealer floors will be different. It'll probably only get slight changes as development progresses, but for now, we can count on a massive mesh grille, vertical LED accents inside additional front bumper garnishings, and a smattering of V badges throughout. A quad-exit exhaust finisher will be complemented by a faux diffuser, and with the standard Escalade giving every model 22-inch wheels, we expect the same for the V, likely with the option of 23s too. The wheels will be unique in design and boast more logos to denote high performance. In terms of the Cadillac Escalade-V's color palette, it's anyone's guess what will join the red and gray options already revealed, but we hope to see some of the options offered with other fast Caddys. Electric Blue and Blaze Orange would look utterly wild on an SUV.
The regular full-size SUV has a length of 211.9 inches, which we don't expect to change much. Width is 81.1 inches excluding mirrors, but it wouldn't be a stretch to imagine that the hot version will be a little more stout. Height on the Escalade is rated at 76.7 inches, but this may change with sport suspension. Any losses in height may be mitigated by larger wheels, however. The wheelbase surely won't change though, so count on 120.9 inches. An increase over the curb weight of the regular model (5,635 pounds) may be on the cards, but depending on the selling price, GM may yet engineer some lightweight components for the V. Otherwise, expect the dimensions of the Cadillac Escalade-V to remain in line with the standard model.
Cadillac is playing its cards close to its chest, revealing little at this early stage. From the teasers, it is a given that the Cadillac Escalade-V will use a V8 engine, and a throaty-sounding one at that. Logically, it would make sense for Cadillac to use the CT5-V's spectacular LT4 supercharged V8. With 6.2 liters of capacity, this monster generates 668 horsepower with 659 lb-ft of torque. Could this output be supplemented with electric assistance? We doubt it - spy shots have not revealed any telling signs and the images provided by GM also show only one sort of fuel filler cap. If the engine gets any more powerful, traditional mechanical methods will be employed. In all likelihood, the engine will carry over as is, or possibly with a slight detune as this is not a Blackwing model. As for the rest of the drivetrain, we'd bank on a 10-speed automatic and AWD, while specially tuned adaptive air suspension with Magnetic Ride Control is almost guaranteed. But thanks to its surely gargantuan weight, 0-60 will likely not be dispatched in less than five seconds.
In the regular Escalade, its 6.2-liter V8 produces 420 hp and achieves 14/19/16 mpg on the EPA's city/highway/combined cycles when paired with a 4WD system. The expected engine for the Escalade-V manages a maximum of 13/22/16 mpg in the CT5-V Blackwing. With the latter's power and the former's weight, expect far less than 15 mpg unless your route is entirely downhill or you have the restraint of a monk.
The regular Cadillac Escalade seats up to eight, but it's quite possible that the 2023 Escalade-V will have seats for only seven, or maybe even only five. The OLED curved display offered in the regular Escalade will be fitted to the interior of the Cadillac Escalade-V, offering up to 38 inches of screen space thanks to a 16.9-inch infotainment display, a 14.2-inch driver cluster, and a 7.2-inch control panel. Leather, sueded materials, and contrast stitching should feature alongside tri-zone climate control and a high-performance sound system from AKG, but we're hoping that Cadillac puts in the extra effort to add variable drive modes, a standard head-up display, and maybe even a data logger. Then again, this is still a massive SUV that you won't be finding your best lap time with. What you will use it for is scaring your kids on road trips, so once you've made them throw up all over themselves, you can make use of the cargo area to get fresh clothing from your luggage. In the regular Escalade, you get around 15.2 cubic feet behind the third row. Folded down, the area behind the second row offers 63 cubes of cargo space, but if you leave only the two front seats in place, you have 109.1 cubic feet to play in. We doubt this will change very much, if at all, for the Escalade-V. Hopefully, all will be revealed soon.


Oeko-Tex on panel at The Green Event
September 10, 2008,
Greensboro, N.C. -- The International Oeko-Tex Association will participate in the inaugural edition of The Green Event, an eco-textile industry conference, at the Millennium Hotel in New York, Sept.18-19.
Oeko-Tex is a Zurich, Switzerland-based group of 14 independent textiles research and testing institutes with offices in over 40 countries. Oeko-Tex Standard 100 is a certification label program based on tests for harmful substances in textiles.
Dina Dunn, the Oeko-Tex spokesperson on the Green Stamps panel, noted, “Interest in sustainable and environmental textiles is at an all time high with consumers and retailers. However, textile products executives need to thoroughly understand the many options available in today’s global market so they can make the most effective choices for their company and their customers.”
Oeko-Tex will also sponsor a cocktail reception on Sept. 18; Oeko-Tex executives from the United States and Europe will be on hand.
For information visit www.textileinsight.com/greenevent.
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If you said yes to one or all of these questions, cool! I want those things too! Let’s see if we can find them on this journey together.
So I don’t like people who pretend to have all the answers. I’m not going to pretend that I have them all either. I’m trying to figure stuff out just like you. 😮
I’ve learned a few things though. I think those things are helping me get closer to what I want. Maybe they’ll help you too.
But you have to believe they can. Did you know in a study where people were searching for a word in a newspaper, the people who thought they were lucky, had a higher rate of finding that word than people who thought they were unlucky. Can you spot the word star? 😉
It’s believed that people who expect good things to happen make their minds more aware of good things than those who don’t. In other words, if you’re looking out for butterflies, you’re more likely to see a butterfly. It’d be nice if our life could be as beautiful as a butterfly.
So start doing this today. Say these words to yourself. Some of you might be hesitant, but give it a chance.
“I expect good things to happen.” “Good things can happen to me.” “I can catch the right opportunities at the right time.” I speak words similar to this to myself throughout the day. I genuinely believe because of that mindset of expectancy I create, I see good things and make good things happen more. So try it! What have you got to lose?
And hey, if nothing else, it might make you feel good. 🙂
Click here to see words about me.

domain: psychology


text:
All reviews are from people who have redeemed deals with this merchant.
What You'll Get
Choose Between Two Options
- £18 for a two-course meal with wine for two (up to 55% off)
- £34 for a two-course meal with wine for four (up to 57% off)
The meal may include:
- Starters such as: hummus | Kurdi salad | falafel
- Mains such as: lamb shank | vegetarian moussaka | sea bream | chicken wings kebab
The Fine Print
Expires 4 months after purchase. May be repurchased every 90 days. Limit 1 per 2 or 4 people, may buy 1 additional as a gift. Booking required by phone, please call +441480716277. 24-hour cancellation policy. Present Groupon on arrival. Valid Tue-Thu and Sun midday-10pm. Closed Mondays. Must be 18 or older. Valid for option purchased only. Verified using our merchant's website on 14 Sep 2016.
About Hill Ephesus
This Huntingdon-based restaurant aims to offer guests a memorable dining experience with a diverse array of dishes. Catering to all customers' taste buds, the eatery serves vegetarian, fish and meat dishes that range from traditional Turkish cuisine to international favourites. With a selection of soups, hot and cold starters, grills, salads, kebabs, platter and group meals, the menu includes the likes of dolma, falafel, sujuk, moussaka, prawn curry, sirloin steak, and more. Guests can also choose from a wide range of wines, beers and spirits to complement their meals.

domain: food


New Delhi. Apple Peek Performance Event: Today Apple is going to organize its first launch event. The event can be watched live online at 11:30 pm Indian time. The cheapest 5G iPhone can be launched in this event. There is a lot of discussion about this phone named iPhone SE 2022. Apart from this, Apple can present the iPhone 13 in a new color. Let’s know about the new color of Apple iPhone 13 .
will it come in a new color
An iPhone 13 in green? If the rumors are true, this will be the biggest announcement of the event. Apple unveiled a new color variant of the iPhone 12 at the last spring event and pointing to new rumors, a new iPhone 13 color variant seems possible. Apple has not yet indicated or officially confirmed anything about it.
YouTube creator said this thing
Based on information from YouTube creator Luke Miani, Apple is planning to unveil a new color variant of the iPhone 13 at tonight’s event. The iPhone 13 is said to get a dark green version. Note that the iPhone is currently available in Black, White, Red, Blue and Pink. If the new color is revealed, you can expect the specifications of the phone to remain the same.
iPhone 13 may come in green color
While a new green iPhone 13 is certainly news for those looking to buy the phone, today’s biggest iPhone announcement will, however, be called the rumored iPhone SE 3. Leaks and rumors have repeatedly stated that the new iPhone SE 3 is essentially an updated iPhone SE 2020 with a new processor borrowed from the iPhone 13. The phone is also said to support 5G network connectivity.
iPhone SE 2022 Specifications
Hence, you can expect the new iPhone SE to feature the same 4.7-inch LCD display with retro thick bezels at the top and bottom. It will also be the only iPhone to get a Touch ID based home button this year. The iPhone SE 3 is also said to have a 12MP rear camera and a 7MP front camera. The phone is expected to come in the same Black, White and Red color variants.
The battery of iPhone SE 2022 can be strong
It remains to be seen whether the iPhone SE 3 gets a battery capacity upgrade compared to the 4G model. The battery life in the iPhone SE 2020 was not great and Apple has recently been increasing the battery capacity to improve stamina.


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© 2018 American Chemical Society.Light therapy has become the subject of research on cancer treatment because of its selectivity, low invasive damage, and side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are prevalent treatments used to induce cancer cell apoptosis by generating heat and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, mesoporous silica shell-coated gold nanorods (AuNR@mS) are synthesized by seed crystal growth method. AuNR@mS are assembled into nanocomposites through electrostatic adsorption with lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP). When controlling the aspect ratio of gold nanorods (AuNRs), the surface plasmon resonance peaks of the short-axis and the long-axis match the maximum absorption cross section at 520 and 660 nm of the fluorescence light released by the UCNPs. The converted fluorescence stimulates AuNRs to generate heat through energy transfer. ROS production is induced by loading the photosensitizer Merocyanine 540 (MC540) in the mesoporous silica layer and is further enhanced through the surface plasma resonance effect of the AuNRs. This novel nanoplatform combines PTT and PDT in a single 808 nm near-infrared synergistic light therapy.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films

domain: chemistry


text:
US 20070297997 A1
Stable personal care composition comprising from about 1% to about 20% of a non-emulsifying silicone elastomer; from about 0.5% to about 10% of an emulsifying silicone elastomer; from about 5% to about 30% of an oil-soluble sunscreen; from about 1% to about 20% of a sunscreen solvent; and from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient.
1. A stable personal care composition comprising:
a) from about 1% to about 20% of a non-emulsifying silicone elastomer;
b) from about 0.5% to about 10% of an emulsifying silicone elastomer;
c) from about 5% to about 30% of an oil-soluble sunscreen;
d) from about 1% to about 20% of a sunscreen solvent; and
e) from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient.
2. The composition of
3. The composition of
4. The composition of
5. The composition of
6. The composition of
7. The composition of
8. The composition of
9. The composition of
10. A method of providing a benefit to mammalian keratinous tissue, comprising the step of topically applying to mammalian keratinous a stable personal care composition comprising:
a) from about 1% to about 20% of a non-emulsifying silicone elastomer;
b) from about 0.5% to about 10% of an emulsifying silicone elastomer;
c) from about 5% to about 30% of an oil-soluble sunscreen;
d) from about 1% to about 20% of a sunscreen solvent; and
e) from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient.
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. A kit comprising:
a) a composition comprising:
i. from about 5% to about 25% of a non-emulsifying silicone elastomer;
ii. from about 10% to about 25% of an emulsifying silicone elastomer;
iii. from about 5% to about 30% of an oil-soluble sunscreen;
iv. from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient;
v. from about 0.001% to about 5% water;
b) at least one additional component select from the group consisting of at least one additional composition, at least one orally ingestible dietary supplement, an implement, a delivery enhancement device, a temperature change element, instructions for complying with suitable application regimens, and combinations thereof; and
c) instructions for complying with a regimen to provide a benefit to keratinous tissue.
The present invention relates to a non-emulsified personal care composition comprising an organic sunscreen and silicone elastomers.
An ongoing need exists to provide personal care compositions which prevent damage to the skin and other keratinous tissue from harmful ultraviolet radiation. To provide effective protection, such compositions must be regularly applied. An additional ongoing need exists, therefore, to provide sunscreen compositions that have a pleasant feel, and thus encourage frequent use.
Oily sunscreens, including oil-soluble crystalline sunscreens, are desirable for their effectiveness, yet have an unpleasant skin feel and other undesirable characteristics associated with applying an oily composition to the skin. Thickening oily sunscreens remains challenging, in particular when the sunscreen is present at higher, more effective concentrations. Whereas it may be possible to thicken an oil phase by using various types of waxy materials, these tend to exhibit instability at higher temperatures. Sunscreen compositions in the form of an emulsion may have a less oily feel. However, emulsions comprise water, emulsifiers, and aqueous thickeners. Water may promote the growth of microbes and thus shorten the shelf-life of the composition. Preservatives, emulsifiers and aqueous thickeners may have an unpleasant skin feel and/or may be irritating to the skin.
There exists a need, therefore, to provide sunscreen compositions which effectively protect against ultraviolet radiation, which have a pleasant feel and other characteristics so as to encourage frequent use, and which are not irritating to the skin.
The present invention meets the aforementioned needs by providing a non-emulsified skin care composition comprising an oil-soluble sunscreen, a non-polar emollient, a suitable sunscreen solvent, and emulsifying and non-emulsifying silicone elastomers. The composition of the present invention provides a number of advantages. Because the composition is non-emulsified, the need for potentially irritating and unpleasant-feeling emulsifiers and preservatives is eliminated. The sunscreen solvent solubilizes oily and crystalline sunscreens, and also is compatible with the silicone elastomers, which thicken the composition while providing a pleasant skin feel. The pleasant feel encourages frequent use of a sunscreen active, which provides a chronic benefit in the form of protection from harmful UV-radiation. In addition, unlike compositions which comprise waxy materials as primary thickeners, the composition of the present invention is stable at higher temperatures and may not require heating during the manufacturing process (i.e. a “cold-filling” process may be used). This results in a lower cost and increased efficiency of production.
The following represent some non-limiting embodiments of the present invention.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, a personal care composition is provided comprising from about 1% to about 20% of a non-emulsifying silicone elastomer; from about 0.5% to about 10% of an emulsifying silicone elastomer; from about 5% to about 30% of an oil-soluble sunscreen; from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient, and from about 1% to about 20% of a sunscreen solvent. In one embodiment, the composition is substantially anhydrous.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method of providing a benefit to mammalian keratinous tissue in need thereof is provided, comprising the step of applying the composition of the first embodiment to keratinous tissue.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a kit is provided, comprising the composition of the first embodiment.
The composition of the present invention may be used in skin care, cosmetic, and hair care products, non-limiting uses of which include moisturizers, conditioners, anti-aging compounds, skin lightening compounds, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the composition is applied to the face, neck, hands, arms and other areas of the body exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Alternatively, the composition is applied to insult-affected areas of keratinous tissue.
In all embodiments of the present invention, all percentages are by weight of the composition, unless otherwise specified. All ratios are weight ratios, unless specifically stated otherwise. The number of significant digits conveys neither limitations on the indicated amounts nor on the accuracy of the measurements. All amounts indicating quantities, percentages, proportions, etc. are understood to be modified by the word “about” unless otherwise specifically indicated. All measurements are understood to be made at about 25° C. and at ambient conditions, where “ambient conditions” means conditions under about one atmosphere of pressure and at about 50% relative humidity.
Herein, “personal care composition” means compositions suitable for topical application on mammalian keratinous tissue. The personal care compositions described herein may contain one or more skin care actives. “Skin care actives,” or “actives,” as used herein, means compounds that aid in regulating the condition of skin and of other mammalian keratinous tissue, for example, by providing a benefit or improvement to the keratinous tissue.
“Keratinous tissue,” as used herein, refers to keratin-containing layers disposed as the outermost protective covering of mammals which includes, but is not limited to, skin, hair, nails, cuticles, etc.
Herein, “stable” and “stability” mean compositions which are substantially unaltered in chemical state, physical homogeneity and/or color, upon exposure to conditions reasonably expected to be incurred in shipping, storage and use, for example, for at least 30 days at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 40° C.
“Substantially free,” as used herein, unless otherwise specified means that the compound of which the composition is substantially free is not added to the composition or phase; however, small amounts incidentally may be present, for example as a by-product of chemical reactions, or as a result of absorption from the surroundings. Alternatively, substantially free may be understood to mean less than about 1%, by weight of the phase.
“Substantially anhydrous,” as used herein, means that water is not added to the composition; however, small amounts (typically less than 1%) incidentally may be present, for example, as a byproduct of chemical reactions, or as a result of absorption from the surroundings.
“Derivatives,” as used herein, means ester, ether, amide and/or salt derivatives of the relevant compound.
Herein, “regulating the condition of keratinous tissue” means improving the condition of mammalian keratinous tissue and/or prophylactically regulating the condition of mammalian keratinous tissue, and includes, for example, protecting the tissue from ultraviolet radiation, and regulating the signs of skin aging. Herein, “improving the condition of mammalian keratinous tissue” means effecting a visually and/or tactilely perceptible positive change in the appearance and feel of the tissue. Conditions that may be regulated and/or improved include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: increasing the luminosity, or “glow” of the skin, reducing the appearance of wrinkles and coarse deep lines, fine lines, crevices, bumps, and large pores; thickening of keratinous tissue (e.g., building the epidermis and/or dermis and/or sub-dermal layers of the skin, and where applicable the keratinous layers of the nail and hair shaft, to reduce skin, hair, or nail atrophy); increasing the convolution of the dermal-epidermal border (also known as the rete ridges); preventing loss of skin or hair elasticity, for example, due to loss, damage and/or inactivation of functional skin elastin, resulting in such conditions as elastosis, sagging, loss of skin or hair recoil from deformation; reduction in cellulite; change in coloration to the skin, hair, or nails, for example, under-eye circles, blotchiness (e.g., uneven red coloration due to, for example, rosacea), sallowness, discoloration caused by telangiectasia or spider vessels, dryness, brittleness, and graying hair.
As used herein, “signs of skin aging,” include, but are not limited to, outward visibly and tactilely perceptible manifestations, as well as any macro- or microeffects, due to keratinous tissue aging. These signs may result from processes which include, but are not limited to, the development of textural discontinuities such as wrinkles and coarse deep wrinkles, fine lines, skin lines, crevices, bumps, large pores, unevenness or roughness; flaking; dryness; loss of skin elasticity; discoloration (including undereye circles); blotchiness; dullness or lack of luminosity, sallowness; hyperpigmented skin regions such as age spots and freckles; keratoses; abnormal differentiation; hyperkeratinization; elastosis; collagen breakdown, and other histological changes in the stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis, vascular system (e.g., telangiectasia or spider vessels), and underlying tissues (e.g., fat and/or muscle), especially those proximate to the skin.
“Dermatologically-acceptable,” as used herein, means that the compositions or components thereof so described are suitable for use in contact with mammalian keratinous tissue without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like.
“Insult-affected keratinous tissue,” as used herein, means keratinous tissue which exhibits discomfort, irritation, an unpleasant or irregular appearance and the like, for example after exposure to a physical and/or chemical irritant. In one embodiment, the insult-affected keratinous tissue is human skin. Non-limiting examples of insult-affected keratinous tissue include sunburn and other types of burns; rashes, such as diaper rash, shaving rash and allergen-induced rashes; discoloration, such as bleaching, staining or hyperpigmentation; nicks and cuts due to, for example, shaving; dry, chapped or rough skin due to exposure to example wind, cold and/or low humidity, etc. Non-limiting examples of insults include ultraviolet radiation, wind, low humidity, allergens, pollutants, chemical and natural irritants, bodily fluids, bodily waste, excessive moisture, bacteria, fungi, etc.
Herein “kit” means a packaging unit comprising at least one composition described herein. The kit may comprise a plurality of components, including a composition described herein. The kit further may comprise one or more additional compositions, suitable for application prior to or after application of the composition described herein, one or more orally ingestible dietary supplements, a delivery enhancement device, instructions for use of the device, instructions for complying with suitable application regimens, and combinations thereof.
The composition of the present invention may have a viscosity of from about 10,000 cps (centipoise) to about 1,000,000 cps, alternatively from about 30,000 cps to about 500,000 cps, and alternatively from about 40,000 cps to about 200,000 cps.
The composition may be substantially free from surfactants and/or emulsifiers. Additionally or alternatively, the composition may be substantially free from waxes. When the composition is substantially free from waxes, and alternatively comprises less than about 1% by weight of the phase of one or more waxes, the composition may exhibit stability at a temperature of up to about 45° C., and the manufacturing process may proceed occur without the step of heating the composition above room temperature, or about 25° C. (also referred to as “cold processing.”)
In one embodiment, the composition is substantially anhydrous, to increase stability of the sunscreen and of the composition, and to increase the pleasant feel characteristics of the composition.
The composition of the present invention comprises a silicone elastomer, useful for reducing the tackiness of the composition and for providing a pleasant feel upon application. One non-limiting example of useful silicone elastomers is crosslinked organopolysiloxane (or siloxane) elastomers, as described in U.S. patent publication 2003/0049212A1. The elastomers may comprise emulsifying and non-emulsifying silicone elastomers. “Emulsifying,” as used herein, means crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomers having at least one polyoxyalkylene (e.g., polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene) or polyglycerin moiety, whereas “non-emulsifying” means crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomers essentially free of polyoxyalkylene or polyglycerin moeities.
The composition of the present invention may comprise from about 1% to about 20%, and alternatively from about 5% to about 15%, of a non-emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer. Non-limiting examples of suitable non-emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomers include dimethicone crosspolymers, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymers, and copolymers, derivatives and mixtures thereof, supplied by Dow Corning™ (e.g. DC 9040, 9041, 9045, 8509, 9546, 9506); C30-45 alkyl cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, cetearyl dimethicone crosspolymer, and copolymers, derivatives and mixtures thereof, supplied by General Electric™ (e.g. Velvesil™ 125 and Velvesil™ DM); dimethicone/phenyl vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, vinyl dimethicone/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, trifluoropropyl dimethicone/trifluoropropyl divinyldimethicone crosspolymer, and copolymers, derivatives and mixtures thereof, supplied by Shin EtSu™ (KSG-15, -15AP, -16, -17, -18, -41, -42, -43, -44, -51, -103), and the Grant Industries line of elastomers, available as GRANSIL™.
The composition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.5% to about 10%, and alternatively from about 1% to about 5%, of an emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomer, described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,412,004; 5,837,793; and 5,811,487. Non-limiting examples of suitable emulsifying elastomers include PEG-12 dimethicone crosspolymers, supplied by Dow Corning™ (DC 9010 and 9011) dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, dimethicone/PEG-10 crosspolymer, PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, trifluoropropyl dimethicone/PEG-10 crosspolymer, dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, all supplied by Shin EtSu™ (KSG-24, -61, -21/210, -31/310, -32/320, -33/330, -34/340, -710, -810, -820, -830, and -840); polyoxyalkylene-modified elastomers formed from divinyl compounds, e.g. siloxane polymers with at least two free vinyl groups bonded via Si—H linkages on a polysiloxane backbone. In one embodiment, the emulsifying crosslinked organopolysiloxane elastomers are dimethyl polysiloxanes crosslinked by Si—H sites on a molecularly spherical MQ resin (R3SiO1/2 SiO4/2), and alternatively is dimethicone copolyol crosspolymer and dimethicone, commercially available from Shin Etsu as KSG-21.
The composition of the present invention comprises from about 5% to about 30%, alternatively from about 5% to about 20%, and alternatively from about 5% to about 15%, of at least one oil-soluble sunscreen. Herein, “sunscreen” is understood to include both sunscreens and UV-light absorbers. In one embodiment, the composition comprises at least one sunscreen which, in its commercially-available purified form, is an oil-soluble crystalline and/or solid compound. It is to be understood that the crystalline sunscreen is substantially dissolved, and thus does not remain in a crystalline form, in the final composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises at least 2%, alternatively from about 2% to about 15%, and alternatively from about 2% to about 10%, of an oil-soluble, crystalline sunscreen. Non-limiting examples of suitable oil-soluble sunscreens are disclosed in The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association's The International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 10th Ed., Gottschalck, T. E. and McEwen, Jr., Eds. (2004), p. 2267 and pp. 2292-93 and include benzophenone-3, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, butyl methoxydibenzoyl-methane, diethylamino hydroxy-benzoyl hexyl benzoate, drometrizole trisiloxane, ethylhexyl methoxy-cinnamate, ethylhexyl salicylate, ethylhexyl triazone, octocrylene, homosalate, polysilicone-15, oxybenzone, and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
The composition further may comprise from about 0.001% to about 10%, and alternatively from about 0.1% to about 5%, of an inorganic and/or oil-insoluble sunscreen. Non-limiting examples of suitable insoluble sunscreens include methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutyl-phenol, titanium dioxides, zinc cerium oxides, zinc oxides, and derivatives and mixtures thereof. It is to be understood that “oil-insoluble sunscreen” does not encompass water-soluble sunscreens.
The composition of the present invention comprises from about 30% to about 80% of a non-polar emollient. Non-limiting examples of suitable non-polar emollients include silicone oils, hydrocarbon oils, and mixtures thereof. Useful non-polar emollients in the present invention include natural, synthetic, saturated, unsaturated, straight chained, branched chained, linear, cyclic, aromatic, volatile, and non-volatile non-polar emollients, and mixtures thereof. “Non-polar,” as used herein, means that the solvent has an average solubility parameter of from about 5 to about 8 (cal/cm3)0.5, where “cal” means calories. Solubility parameters are discussed in more detail by C. D. Vaughan in “The Solubility Parameter: What is it?,” Cosmetics & Toiletries vol. 106, November, 1991, pp. 69-72.
Non-limiting examples of suitable non-polar hydrocarbons include mineral oils and branched chain hydrocarbons. Mineral oils include petroleum derivatives which are mixtures of paraffinic and naphthenic (cyclic) hydrocarbons. These include both “light” and “heavy” mineral oils, which are differentiated on the basis of the average molecular weight of the hydrocarbon mixture.
Non-limiting examples of suitable branched chain hydrocarbons include hydrocarbon liquids containing from about 10 to about 68 carbons, and alternatively from 10 to about 24 carbons, commercially available, for example, under the tradenames Permethyl™ (Permethyl Corporation™) and Isopar™ (Exxon™).
Non-limiting examples of suitable non-polar silicones useful in the present invention include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,917 issued to Luebbe et al. Additionally, a description of various silicones materials is found in Todd et al., “Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics”, Cosmetics and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976). In one embodiment, the silicone oils are selected from the group consisting of cyclic silicones corresponding to the formula:
wherein n is from about 3 to about 7; and linear silicones corresponding to the formula:
wherein m is from about 0 to about 1000. Commercially available examples of these types of silicones include the Dow Corning 200 series, Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345 (all available from Dow Corning™ Corp.); and SF1202, SF1204, and the Viscasil™ series (all available from the G.E. Silicones™).
Non-limiting examples of additional non-polar silicones useful in the present invention include alkyl (for example, 2 carbons to 30 carbons) and aryl (for example, phenyl or styrenyl) substituted silicones, including by not limited to phenyl methicone, phenyl dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, diphenyl dimethicone, phenylethyl dimethicone, hexyl dimethicone, lauryl dimethicone, cetyl dimethicone, stearyl dimethicone, bis-stearyl dimethicone, and mixtures thereof.
The composition of the present invention comprises from about 1% to about 20%, and alternatively from about 5% to about 15%, of a sunscreen solvent, which is compatible with the non-polar emollients and elastomers described herein, and is suitable to substantially solubilize the oil-soluble sunscreen. “Sunscreen solvent” as used herein, may be understood to mean that in a solution comprising about 90% of the neat sunscreen solvent and about 10% of butyl methoxydibenzoyl-methane, both by weight of the composition, the butyl methoxydibenzoyl-methane is substantially soluble at room temperature, i.e. is no longer visible as a solid material to the naked eye by one having unimpaired vision.
Non-limiting examples of suitable sunscreen solvents include butyl and isopropyl phthalimide (Pelemol™ BIP), phenylethyl benzoate (X-tend™ 226), dicaprylyl carbonate (Tegosof™ DEC), isopropyl lauroylsarcosinate (Eldew™ SL 205), butyl octylsalicylate (Hallbrite™ BHB), dioctyl malate, dicaprylyl maleate (Hallbrite™ DCM), and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.001% to about 40%, alternatively from about 3% to about 30%, and alternatively from about 5% to about 20%, of one or more particulate materials and/or cosmetic powders. Non-limiting examples of suitable powders include inorganic powders (for example, iron oxides, titanium dioxides, zinc oxides, silica), organic powders, composite powders, optical brightener particles, and mixtures of any of the foregoing. These particulates can, for instance, be platelet shaped, spherical, elongated or needle-shaped, or irregularly shaped; surface coated or uncoated; porous or non-porous; charged or uncharged; and can be added to the current compositions as a powder or as a pre-dispersion. In one embodiment, the particulate material is hydrophobically coated.
Suitable organic powders particulate materials include, but are not limited, to polymeric particles chosen from the methylsilsesquioxane resin microspheres, for example, Tospearl™ 145A, (Toshiba Silicone); microspheres of polymethylmethacrylates, for example, Micropearl™ M 100 (Seppic); the spherical particles of crosslinked polydimethylsiloxanes, for example, Trefil™ E 506C or Trefil™ E 505C (Dow Corning Toray Silicone); sphericle particles of polyamide, for example, nylon-12, and Orgasol™ 2002D Nat C05 (Atochem); polystyrene microspheres, for example Dyno Particles, sold under the name Dynospheres™, and ethylene acrylate copolymer, sold under the name FloBead™ EA209 (Kobo); aluminium starch octenylsuccinate, for example Dry Flo™ (National Starch); microspheres of polyethylene, for example Microthene™ FN510-00 (Equistar), silicone resin, polymethylsilsesquioxane silicone polymer, platelet shaped powder made from L-lauroyl lysine, and mixtures thereof.
The composition of the present invention further may comprise interference pigments, including hydrophobically-modified interference pigments. Herein, “interference pigments” means thin, platelike layered particles having two or more layers of controlled thickness. The layers have different refractive indices that yield a characteristic reflected color from the interference of typically two, but occasionally more, light reflections, from different layers of the platelike particle. One example of interference pigments are micas layered with about 50-300 nm films of TiO2, Fe2O3, silica, tin oxide, and/or Cr2O3 and include pearlescent pigments. Intereference pigments are available commercially from a wide variety of suppliers, for example, Rona (Timiron™ and Dichrona™), Presperse (Flonac™), Englehard (Duochrome™), Kobo (SK-45-R and SK-45-G), BASF (Sicopearls™) and Eckart (Prestige™). In one embodiment, the average diameter of the longest side of the individual particles of interference pigments is less than about 75 microns, and alternatively less than about 50 microns.
The composition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.001% to about 25%, and alternatively from about 0.01% to about 5%, of a colorant. The colorant may be oil-soluble, or may be hydrophobically modified to increase oil-solubility. Non-limiting classes of suitable colorants include, but are not limited to organic and/or inorganic pigments, natural and/or synthetic dyes, lakes, including FD&C and/or D&C lakes and blends, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
Non-limiting examples of suitable colorants include iron oxides, ferric ammonium ferrocyanide, manganese violet, ultramarine blue, and chromium oxide, phthalocyanine blue and green pigment, encapsulated dyes, inorganic white pigments, for example TiO2, ZnO, or ZrO2, FD&C dyes, D&C dyes, and mixtures thereof.
The composition of the present invention may comprise at least one additional skin care active. The skin care active should be soluble in and compatible with the elastomers and other components of the composition to produce a dermatologically-acceptable composition. Solubility is within the knowledge of one of skill in the art, and can be determined using known methods of analysis. One of skill in the art further will understand that solubility may be affected by the concentration of the skin care active, and the type and concentration of other components in the composition. Many skin care actives may provide more than one benefit, or operate via more than one mode of action; therefore, classifications herein are made for the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the active to that particular application or applications listed.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.0001% to about 50%, alternatively from about 0.001% to about 10%, and alternatively from about 0.01% to about 5%, of one or more vitamins. Herein, “vitamins” means vitamins, pro-vitamins, and their salts, isomers and derivatives. Non-limiting examples of suitable vitamins include: vitamin B compounds (including B1 compounds, B2 compounds, B3 compounds such as niacinamide, niacinnicotinic acid, tocopheryl nicotinate, C1-C18 nicotinic acid esters, and nicotinyl alcohol; B5 compounds, such as panthenol or “pro-B5”, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl; B6 compounds, such as pyroxidine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine; camitine, thiamine, riboflavin); vitamin A compounds, and all natural and/or synthetic analogs of Vitamin A, including retinoids, retinol, retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate, retinoic acid, retinaldehyde, retinyl propionate, carotenoids (pro-vitamin A), and other compounds which possess the biological activity of Vitamin A; vitamin D compounds; vitamin K compounds; vitamin E compounds, or tocopherol, including tocopherol sorbate, tocopherol acetate, other esters of tocopherol and tocopheryl compounds; vitamin C compounds, including ascorbate, ascorbyl esters of fatty acids, and ascorbic acid derivatives, for example, ascorbyl phosphates such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl glucoside, and ascorbyl sorbate; and vitamin F compounds, such as saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a vitamin selected from the group consisting of vitamin B compounds, vitamin C compounds, vitamin E compounds and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the vitamin is selected from the group consisting of niacinamide, tocopheryl nicotinate, pyroxidine, panthenol, vitamin E, vitamin E acetate, ascorbyl phosphates, ascorbyl glucoside, and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more peptides. Herein, “peptide” refers to peptides containing ten or fewer amino acids, their derivatives, isomers, and complexes with other species such as metal ions (for example, copper, zinc, manganese, and magnesium). As used herein, peptide refers to both naturally occurring and synthesized peptides. In one embodiment, the peptides are di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-peptides, their salts, isomers, derivatives, and mixtures thereof. Examples of useful peptide derivatives include, but are not limited to, peptides derived from soy proteins, carnosine (beta-alanine-histidine), palmitoyl-lysine-threonine (pal-KT) and palmitoyl-lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine (pal-KTTKS, available in a composition known as MATRIXYL®), palmitoyl-glycine-glutamine-proline-arginine (pal-GQPR, available in a composition known as RIGIN®), these three being available from Sederma, France, acetyl-glutamate-glutamate-methionine-glutamine-arginine-arginine (Ac-EEMQRR; Argireline®), and Cu-histidine-glycine-glycine (Cu-HGG, also known as IAMIN®).
The compositions may comprise from about 1×10−7% to about 20%, alternatively from about 1×10−6% to about 10%, and alternatively from about 1×10−5% to about 5% of the peptide.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise a sugar amine, also known as amino sugars, and their salts, isomers, tautomers and derivatives. Sugar amines can be synthetic or natural in origin and can be used as pure compounds or as mixtures of compounds (e.g., extracts from natural sources or mixtures of synthetic materials). For example, glucosamine is generally found in many shellfish and can also be derived from fungal sources. Sugar amine compounds useful in the present invention include, for example, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and also those described in PCT Publication WO 02/076423 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,485, issued to Yu, et al. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.01% to about 15%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 10%, and alternatively from about 0.5% to about 5%, of the sugar amine.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more compounds useful for regulating the production of skin oil, or sebum, and for improving the appearance of oily skin. Examples of suitable oil control agents include salicylic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoyl peroxide, vitamin B3 compounds (for example, niacinamide or tocopheryl nicotinate), their isomers, esters, salts and derivatives, and mixtures thereof. The compositions may comprise from about 0.0001% to about 15%, alternatively from about 0.01% to about 10%, alternatively from about 0.1% to about 5%, and alternatively from about 0.2% to about 2%, of an oil control agent.
The compositions of the present invention further may comprise non-vitamin antioxidants and radical scavengers, hair growth regulators, flavonoids, minerals, preservatives, phytosterols and/or plant hormones, protease inhibitors, tyrosinase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents and N-acyl amino acid compounds.
Suitable non-vitamin antioxidants and radical scavengers include, but are not limited to, BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene), L-ergothioneine (available as THIOTANE™); tetrahydrocurcumin, cetyl pyridinium chloride, carnosine, diethylhexyl syrinylidene malonate (available as OXYNEX™), hexadec-8-ene-1,16-dicarboxylic acid (octadecene dioic acid; ARLATONE Dioic DCA from Uniqema), ubiquinone (co-enzyme Q10), tea extracts including green tea extract, yeast extracts or yeast culture fluid (e.g., Pitera®), and combinations thereof.
Suitable hair growth regulators include, but are not limited to, hexamidine, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hexanediol, panthenol and pantothenic acid derivates, their isomers, salts and derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable minerals include zinc, manganese, magnesium, copper, iron, selenium and other mineral supplements. “Mineral” is understood to include minerals in various oxidation states, mineral complexes, salts, derivatives, and combinations thereof.
Suitable examples of plant sterols (phytosterols) and/or plant hormones include, but are not limited to, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, brassicasterol, kinetin, zeatin, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable protease inhibitors include, but are not limited to, hexamidine, vanillin acetate, menthyl anthranilate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable tyrosinase inhibitors include, but are not limited to, sinablanca (mustard seed extract), tetrahydrocurcumin, cetyl pyridinium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to, glycyrrhizic acid (also known as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhixinic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid glycoside), glycyrrhetenic acid, other licorice extracts, and combinations thereof.
Suitable N-acyl amino acid compounds include, but are not limited to, N-acyl phenylalanine, N-acyl tyrosine, their isomers, including their D and L isomers, salts, derivatives, and mixtures thereof. An example of a suitable N-acyl amino acid is N-undecylenoyl-L-phenylalanine is commercially available under the tradename SEPIWHITE® from Seppic (France).
Other useful skin care actives include moisturizing and/or conditioning agents, such as glycerol, petrolatum, caffeine, and urea; yeast extracts (for example, Pitera™); dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its analogs and derivatives; exfoliating agents, including alpha- and beta-hydroxyacids, alpha-keto acids, glycolic acid and octanoyl salicylate; antimicrobial agents; antidandruff agents such as piroctone olamine, 3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and zinc pyrithione; dimethyl aminoethanol (DMAE); creatine; skin lightening agents such as kojic acid, mulberry extract, hydroquinone, arbutin, and deoxy-arbutin; (sunless) tanning agents, such as dihydroxy acetone (DHA); isomers, salts, and derivatives of any of the foregoing; and mixtures thereof.
The present invention describes a method of providing a benefit to mammalian keratinous tissue, including a method of protecting the mammalian skin from the effects of ultraviolet radiation, comprising the step of topically applying to mammalian skin a personal care composition described herein. Alternatively, the method may comprise the step of applying the composition described herein to insult-affected keratinous tissue, to regulate and/or improve the condition of such tissue, and/or to provide relief from the effects of the insult.
Benefits include regulating and/or improving the condition of keratinous tissue, non-limiting examples of which include reducing the appearance of wrinkles, reducing the appearance of deep lines, reducing the appearance of fine lines, reducing the appearance of large pores, reducing the thickness of keratinous tissue, increasing the convolution of the dermal-epidermal border, increasing elasticity, reducing the appearance of cellulite, reducing the appearance of discoloration, reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation, reducing the appearance of under-eye circles, reducing the appearance of sallowness, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, the benefit may include reducing wrinkles, reducing deep lines, reducing fine lines, reducing large pores, reducing cellulite, reducing hyperpigmentation, reducing undereye circles, reducing puffiness, and combinations thereof.
The composition may be applied by a variety of means, including by rubbing, wiping or dabbing with hands or fingers, or by means of an implement and/or delivery enhancement device. Non-limiting examples of implements include a sponge or sponge-tipped applicator, a swab (for example, a cotton-tipped swab), a pen optionally comprising a foam or sponge applicator, a brush, a wipe, and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of delivery enhancement devices include mechanical, electrical, ultrasonic and/or other energy devices. After application, the composition may be allowed to remain on the keratinous tissue.
The amount of the composition applied, the frequency of application and the period of use will vary widely depending upon the level of components of a given composition and the level of regulation desired. For example, from about 0.1 mg composition/cm2 to about 50 mg composition/cm2, and alternatively about 2 mg composition/cm2 of keratinous tissue may be applied. In one embodiment, the composition is applied prior to exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, and alternatively at least once daily, where “daily” and “days” mean a 24-hour period. The user may be instructed to reapply the composition after a period of time has passed, for example every hour, and alternatively when the composition has been washed or rinsed from the skin, for example after washing one's hands or after swimming. The composition further may be applied as part of a treatment regimen, for example, once daily for 30 consecutive days, alternatively for 14 consecutive days, alternatively for 7 consecutive days and alternatively for 2 consecutive days.
The method may comprise the step of inducing a temperature change in the composition and/or in the keratinous tissue either simultaneously or sequentially with the step of applying the composition. The method further may comprise additional steps which form part of a treatment or application regimen, including the steps of applying at least one additional composition, ingesting one or more dietary supplements, cleansing, etc.
The present invention further provides a kit comprising at least one composition described herein. The kit may comprise an outer packaging unit, which in turn may comprise one or more inner packaging units. In one embodiment, at least a portion of all packaging is transparent or translucent, such that the composition is visible to a consumer. One non-limiting example of a suitable outer container is a box or a tray, suitable for holding a sufficient number of inner packaging units for an indicated application regimen, for example, one application per day for one month. Alternatively, the tray may contain an array of individual inner packaging units which are organized to correspond to an indicated application regimen. The kit further may comprise an implement, which may be suitable for targeted delivery of the composition to a desired area of keratinous tissue. The composition may be packaged separately from the implement, or may be contained within the implement. The kit further may comprise a plurality of components, including one or more additional compositions, one or more orally ingestible dietary supplements, an additional implement, an additional delivery enhancement device, a temperature change element, a substrate, instructions for complying with suitable application regimens, and combinations thereof.
The following describe non-limiting examples of sunscreen compositions. All percentages indicate the weight of the component expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the composition. The prepared compositions may be stored in a suitable container, and applied for example to mammalian skin exposed or expected to be exposed to ultraviolet radiation, to insult-affected skin, and/or to skin in need of a particular benefit, including aged skin.
Anhydrous sunscreen compositions may be prepared by conventional methods (by combining all ingredients and thoroughly mixing, as would be known to one of skill in the art) from the following components:
Sunscreen compositions may be prepared by conventional methods (by combining all ingredients and thoroughly mixing, as would be known to one of skill in the art) from the following components:
All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference; the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.
Whereas particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.


text:
Dr. Vincent St. Louis
Dr. Vincent St. Louis is a Professor at the University of Alberta. He has over 38 years of research experience that includes conducting whole-ecosystem experimentation at the Experimental Lakes Area (NW Ontario) on the environmental impacts of acid rain, hydroelectric reservoir creation, and the atmospheric deposition of mercury. Since 2004, he has also studied why some high- and sub-Arctic marine animals and freshwater fishes contain concentrations of methylated mercury high enough to cause exposure risks to northern peoples consuming them as traditional foods. Most recently, he has focused his research efforts on determining how accelerated climate change in polar regions is altering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem productivity, greenhouse gas emissions from landscapes, water quality, contaminant loadings and biomagnification, and glacial river biogeochemical process. Dr. St. Louis now wants to transfer this latter interest from the high Arctic to the Canadian Rocky Mountains, where accelerated glacial melt is rapidly occurring. Over his career, Dr. St. Louis has supervised 10 M.Sc and 8 Ph.D. students. Dr. St. Louis has published over 85 peer-reviewed articles on a very broad range of ecological and biogeochemical topics that have been cited over 4300 times (average citation of 54 times per article). His h-index is 36.
University of Alberta

domain: geography


ST. TAMMANY, La. -- A Covington man died in a single-vehicle crash Saturday that deputies say may have been the result of drunk driving.
Woodruff Camus, 52, was traveling west on La. 40, west of La. 437 in St. Tammany Parish, at about 4:15 p.m. when he lost control of his vehicle while negotiating a curve. He over-corrected, traveled off the road and struck a guard rail and trees before landing in a creek bed.
Camus wasn't wearing a seat belt, deputies say. He was pronounced dead in the hospital.
Deputies say alcohol use is suspected. They are awaiting for the toxicology report. The official cause of death won't be known until an autopsy is completed.