Diesel engines received the new fuel injection technology, called Pumpe-Düse or PD. This system uses unit injectors. The biggest improvements were under the hood.
7Mb: Download: 2008 audi a4 repair manual Audi A4 Avant 95-01 Service & Repair Manual – Electrical Equipment. 8 T - Audi - A4 1. 0L 4-cylinder turbo engines, and 3. .
The whole outline is slimmer and more dynamic. Audi A4 / Avant Chilton Repair Service Workshop Manual Book Guide 8469 (Fits: More than one vehicle) 4. Still, with identical side panels and only minor updates to the interior, the resemblance with the older version was obvious. B8 (Typ 8K) Towards the end of the decade, Audi had to make radical changes to keep the market position.
The choice of gasoline engines ranges from a small four-cylinder in standard cars to a V6 2008 audi a4 repair manual powerhouses in S4 and RS4. Posted on 23 Feb, Model: Audi A4 / S4 Pages: 342 File size: 15 MB Download Manual. A single-frame grille and headlights with an undercut design give more focused look to the front. The Audi A4 B7 is a user-friendly car with exceptionally balanced handling and good ride, which can be improved upon through regular maintenance and dedicated attention to all major vehicle systems. There were several four-cylinder engines, with or without a turbocharger, and two V6 variants. 11 Customers who viewed this item also viewed Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1. With the new name, Audi decided to position the A4 within the premium midsize car segment.
Luckily, Audi AG company has designed only one of its kind PDF repair manual for the support of users. Although some of them date back to the previous generation, there were also several new units available. com has been visited by 10K+ users in the past month. Most gasoline engines were made using aluminum alloy and had increased power output. · Audi AService Manual.
Press the button for at least 1 second. Model Coverage: Audi A4 Sedan; Audi Avant; Audi Cabriolet; Does not include diesel engine, S4 or RS4 model information; What you Can Learn: With a Haynes manual, you can do it om simple maintenance to basic repairs. Direct fuel injection and turbocharging is standard on all engines. Most notable were several gasoline engines that used 2008 audi a4 repair manual both direct fuel injection and turbocharging, as diesel engines with four valves per cylinder. Free Shipping On eBay. Complete list of Audi A4 auto service repair manuals: Audi A4 B5 1994 Factory Repair Manual; Audi A4 B5 1994 2008 audi a4 repair manual Factory Service Repair Manual PDF; Audi A4 B5 1994 Factory Service Repair Manual ; Audi A4 BWORKSHOP MANUAL. Audi A4 Workshop Manual PDF This webpage contains Audi A4 Workshop Manual PDF used by Audi garages, auto repair shops, Audi dealerships and home mechanics. · This article applies to the Audi A4 B.
5V (engine code: AVK, BGN) 3. The logo of this vehicle shows that 4 companies are merged. Instead of gaining more power, the main goal with it was to maxi. The Audi Online Owner&39;s Manual features Owner&39;s, Radio and Navigation Manuals 2008 for Audi vehicles from model year to current. Audi did this to keep it in pace with growing competition in this market segment. Language: English. Audi A4 Cabriolet All Engines Product Details Notes : This is a vehicle specific repair manual Anticipated Ship Out Time : Same day - 1 business day Quantity Sold : Sold individually. important information and safety warnings.
- Audi - A4 2. . Audi A4 Service ManualB6 B7) by Bentley PublishersGet other Audi repair manuals hereThe Audi A4 Service Manual:contains in-depth maintenance service and repair information for Audi A4 models from to built on the B6 or B7 platforms. Audi A4 Repair Manual - Vehicle. Still, using wise combinations of design and technology upgrades, this generation bridged the gap until its successor arrived in.
2 Liter V6 4V (engine code: BKH) 4. How to update Audi A4? Save money and keep your Audi on the road with expert help from Haynes.
Audi A4 / S4 — Owner&39;s Manual. 5 out of 5 stars (2) 2 product ratingsAudi A4 / Avant Chilton Repair Service Workshop Manual Book Guide 8469. With this Audi A4 Workshop manual, you can perform every job that could be done by Audi garages and mechanics from:. At 110K miles (175,000 km) replace timing belt (2.
Once again, the aim was the car that offers comfort, plenty of room and sporty potential. Each Audi service manual is categorized on the basis of vehicle identification number and model year. AUDI repair manuals An Affordable Audi Repair Manuals Platform. AUDI A4 - QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE QUICK REFERENCE MANUAL Pdf Download. The focus was on overall appearance, dynamics, and balanced performance. 5V Turbo (engine code: AMB) 2. B7 (Typ 8H) Despite being marked as a separate generation, this variant was in fact a facelifted B6. 0L Turbo (CCTAA4.
2 Liter V8 5V (engine code: BHF) 4. The Audi A4 is a compact executive car produced by Audi since 1994 to date. Check condition of timing belt tensioning system, dampening pulleys, and idler pulleys and replace if necessary (2.
With it, the driver can choose from standard, comfort. Under the hood, there is a wide range of gasoline and diesel engines. To view your specific vehicle&39;s manuals, please enter a valid 17 digit VIN (Vehicle Identification Number). Audi AChilton Complete coverage for your vehicle Written from hands-on experience gained from the complete strip-down and rebuild of a Audi A4, Haynes can help you understand, care for and repair your Audi A4. This, combined with the new steering system and redesigned suspension, improved handling and reduced under-steer. 4V Turbo (engine code: BPG) 3.
Standard memberships (yes, you do have to register in order to download anything but it only takes a minute) are free and allow members. 100% No Risk Guarantee. Although it may look similar to the old 80 at first sight, the A4 offers softer front lines and more severe rear ones. closed and locked. You may also like: Audi A4 owners manual. by Max Haynes Paperback . · Hello everyone, I purchased a manual for my VIN from factory-manuals. Format: Paperback.
·Audi A4 Haynes Repair Manual. AUDI A4 REPAIR MANUAL - VEHICLE. Also, the 2 door convertible version joined the proven sedan-Avant duo.
We&39;ll get you the repair information you need, every time, or we&39;ll refund your purchase in full. Note: this repair manual DOES NOT include diesel engine, S4 or RS4 model info. Who makes audi a4? There are four generations of the car produced based on the Volkswagen B platform.
This was the first mass-produced car in the world with this technology. A guide where you will find everything you need to repair your own vehicle of the German origin. B9 (Typ 8W;) In its final iteration, the exterior features many improvements made not just for form but also function. AUDI A4 SERVICE AND REPAIR MANUAL. Fixing problems in your vehicle is a do-it-approach with the Auto Repair Manuals as they contain comprehensive instructions and procedures on how to fix the problems in your ride. The biggest advantage of this platform is that it allows moving front wheels to the front, reducing front-end overhang.
19 Special offers and product promotions Amazon Business : For business-only pricing, quantity discounts and FREE Shipping. Our Audi A4 repair manuals include all the information you need to repair or service your A4, including diagnostic trouble codes, descriptions, probable causes, step-by-step routines, specifications, and a troubleshooting guide. Download the Audi A4 repair and service manual modelin English with pdf documents and vehicle repair images. Audi A4 service & repair manual: com/audi-a4-service-repair-manual/download Visit Zofti for more manuals: com ----- Downloa. The new A4 received a sharp and edgy design, keeping it up to date with the new millennium. This service manual contains in-depth maintenance, service and repair information for Audi A4 models from to. B6 (Typ 8E;) Following the huge success of the first generation, designers at Audi used the same formula to make a versatile family car.
2L Snow Screen for Air Cleaner – clean l A4, A5, S5 and A6 only l A4, A5, S5 and A6. Together, it made the car well rounded blend of subtle and dynamic. Motor Era offers service repair manuals for your Audi A4 - DOWNLOAD your manual now! What is Audi repair manual? The aim throughout has been simplicity and clarity, with practical explanations, step-by-step procedures and accurate specifications.
Types: Fashion, Home & Garden, Electronics, Motors, Collectibles & Arts Each and every year, the designers of Audi introduce an unbeatable product to attract new customers. Audi A4 service repair manuals. This manual service is packed with all the information you need and also is very simple to use. Unlimited access to your Audi A4 manual on a yearly basis. AUDI AService Repair Manual PDF covers every single detail on your machine provides step-by-step instructions based on the complete disassembly of the machine. AAudi - A4 1. B5 (Typ 8D) Despite being famous as durable and well-built cars, quality, older generations didn’t have enough prestige to compete with main competitors, such as BMW and Mercedes.
com and I received an 8,874 pages with a bunch of Service Manuals chained together. Repair manual AudiRepair Manual Audi A3 & S3 Owners Manual Audi A3 1997 Workshop Manual Audi A3 Owners Manual AUDI A3 Pricing And Specification Manual Audi ARepair Manual Audi A4 Owners Manual Audi A4 Owners Manual Audi A5 Coupe__Owner_s_Manual Audi A5 Repair Manual Audi A6 _Manual. Its design is superb and luxurious interior has marked it as world’s finest automobile. Redesigned headlights and taillights, coupled with a new grill that matches the look of new A5 kept the exterior looking fresh for next several years. () Quattro V6-3. In addition, there were some updates to the suspension and steering system. Audi - A4 2. Service to Audi owners is of top priority to Audi and has always included the continuing development and introduction of new and expanded services.
On the outside, a tapered front end and curved windscreen gave it a certain resemblance to the TT, while the back end was similar to the older A6. Situation is similar with diesel engines, with several four-cylinder to a V6 variants available. 2 Liter V8 5V (engine code: BNS) Audi B6 Platform Transmissions covered. The overall design provides a more aggressive feel, while other details door-mounted exterior mirrors enhance the aero-acoustics of the A4. Use Code: DIYSAVE10 Online. Download Audi A4 B7 workshop service repair manual year. How often to change timing belt in Audi A4?
In order to cope with the situation, our company is designing a repair manual according to the model year. Audi-MMC-V15B Instruction Manual (19 pages). 95 Audi AHaynes Repair Manual (Does not include information specific to diesel engine, S4 or. Check tension of belt drive with manual tensioner and retension if necessary.
-> Pedometro oxer manual
-> 2007 suzuki gs500f owners manual pdf


text:
-Royal Mills iced coffee. Protip: when you come to visit me if you ever come to Hawai‘i, pick up a can at your local grocery store and drink it. SO FREAKING GOOD. It tastes like coffee, okay, it's not drowning in sugar like your Frappuccino or your Starbucks Double Shot, and it's good coffee, and it's 100% Hawaiian. a;lshgklasfkal;jdfsfjsk so freaking tasty. YOU CAN THANK ME LATER.
-Hard cider. SO MUCH BETTER THAN BEER. And I'm actually quite fond of beer.
...That is all, go back to whatever you were doing. ♥

domain: food


Incoming Reserve Bank boss Michele Bullock has warned the RBA will consider climate change when setting future interest rates.
Australians are enjoying a much needed two-month reprieve from soaring interest rises after twelve consecutive rate rises caused massive pain for mortgage holders.
However, now the new Reserve Bank boss has warned there is a new threat on the horizon that will have a major impact on the stability of the Australian economy.
“Climate change and the actions taken in response will have broad-ranging implications for the economy, the financial system and society at large,” she said in an address to the Australian National University in Canberra on Tuesday.
“The timing and intensity of effects are uncertain, and these could be severe and irreversible if tipping points are reached,” she said.
She said the bank expects climate change will impact the economy’s capacity to produce goods and services, and have flow on effects on interest rates.
“It might also affect the neutral interest rate and, therefore, the stance of monetary policy,” she said.
“These concepts are difficult enough to assess in real-time in the normal course, let alone when climate change is introducing additional variability and uncertainty.”
Ms Bullock will begin her new job as RBA governor on September 18, succeeding current governor Philip Lowe who became the target of fierce criticism over misleading comments made during the height of the pandemic.
It was a pointed decision by the incoming governor to focus the attention of her speech on the impact of climate change on monetary policy.
She explained that climate change and the actions taken to respond to it will have “broad-ranging implications” on the economy, financial system and the economy at large.
“As the Review of the Reserve Bank has helpfully reinforced, climate change will have implications for price stability, employment and the stability of the financial system,” she said.
“As such, it is worth discussing how the Bank is considering the impacts of climate change on our policy mandates.”
Ms Bullock expanded on the ways the bank projects more extreme weather events will impact the economy at large.
“Hotter temperatures and more extreme weather will disrupt businesses, damage property and lower productivity growth,” she said.
However, she was adamant that actions to reduce emissions in a timely manner could reduce the economic burden of these changes.
“Indeed, while there is much uncertainty in this area, there is general agreement that a timely and orderly transition will be the less costly approach in the long run,” she said.


10,000 people died in the past year while stuck in a backlog of judges’ disability cases. What will happen to Joe Stewart?
"597 Days. And Still Waiting." is from the November 20, 2017 Local section of The Washington Post. It was written by Terrence McCoy and narrated by Sam Scholl.


text:
I was asked to review the new erotic thriller, Claudine, written by Barbara Palmer. At first I was apprehensive about reviewing another erotic book, because I was very unimpressed with Fifty Shades Of Grey. I found that book dull, uninteresting, and not sexy at all—never mind all the grammar mistakes that kept me cringing. Also, yawn.
Claudine falls under the erotic fiction category, but it's also a thriller—so not only will you instantly get lost in the erotic and sexy words and scenes of the book, you'll also be left on the edge of your seat the entire time.
Claudine is not your typical erotic romance; it was written by a bestselling Canadian author (who wrote this book under a pseudonym) so the writing style is really impressive. (I'm dying to find out who the real author is! Aren't you?) No constant lip-biting nonsense here, only purely sexual scenes combined with murder-mystery and romance. Pretty much everything that makes a book exciting.
Claudine is about a women who is sexy, powerful, smart, independent and in control. That just adds to the sexiness of the book, in my opinion.
The main character is a postgrad Yale student who is also a high class courtesan—think Secret Diary Of A Call Girl. You'll get lost in her world from the moment you start reading the book, and I promise, you won't be able to put it down until you're finished reading.
"Maria Lantos is a postgrad Yale student researching illicit eighteenth-century literature. She's become exceptionally well-versed in the narratives of classic erotic fantasy. She's also Claudine, an in-demand escort specializing in sexual role play for an elite clientele. Anonymous. Satisfying. And discreet. Until the tenuous separation between her worlds start to crack. It begins with the murder of a stranger..."
And so, as you see, things get even more interesting...
This is one of those books I'll recommend to all my friend who are looking for an interesting and juicy read. It's hot. It's exciting. And it's a page-turner.
I don't want to give too much away, but I promise you'll love it as much as I did, and you'll finally understand how great erotica can be, if done right.

domain: literature


text:
We will be in Vienna, Durnstein, St. Wolfgang, Cesky Krumlov and Prague. Weather in Vienna and Prague looks great -- days high 70s - low 80s, nights high 50 - low 60s, and I assume similar in Durnstein and Cesky Krumlov, but is it likely to be much cooler in St. Wolfgang? Thanks.
Weather in St. Wolfgang in July
Recent ActivityView all Europe activity »
- 1 Amalfi (town) to Pompeii (ruins entrance-luggage storage area)
- 2 Need packing help! What to wear daytime sightseeing in Europe...
- 3 How far in advance should I book my car rentals ?
- 4 Apartment and Area to Stay in Istanbul
- 5 RFID wallets do they really work?
- 6 Recommendation for lovely italian town?
- 7 Toulouse and beyond -
- 8 Killing time in Positano without shopping or beachtime
- 9 Le Grand Depart and Yorkshire Festival
- 10 Alternatives to Heathrow hotels?
- 11 Soccer/futbol in Madrid
- 12 cheapest way to get from greece to turkey
- 13 Munich
- 14 Reservation needed in Germany?
- 15 Spain in 18days -finalizing itinerary and a special bday celebration!
- 16 Nuremburg and Bamberg from Munich
- 17 recommendations for budget hotels - West End, Covent Garden, Bloomsbury
- 18 Munich with a car?
- 19 Greek Island Chartering Yacht with Skipper?
- 20 Jamikins and Bikerscott in Le Marche and the Dolomites
- 21 Germany driving itinerary starting questions
- 22 Wales/Scotland Trip - August 2014
- 23 Barcelona to SW France to Madrid in 10 days
- 24 Itinerary Help!
- 25 Berlin & Budapest for 8 days

domain: travel


text:
Graphic design is a branch of design that emphasizes using art to communicate. Graphic design may include the use of images, words, basic graphic forms and the overall layout of the visual design to convey a message or feeling.
Online Master in Graphic Design in United Kingdom
2 Results in Graphic Design, United Kingdom
- Popular Latest Title
Falmouth University’s flexible online MA in Graphic Design will help you establish your own graphic design practice against the backdrop of today’s creative industries and con ... +
Immerse yourself in the many different roles illustration has to play in today’s globalised world with Falmouth University’s MA Illustration course.

domain: design


text:
Han Suite is positioned 1100 meters from Namsan, in a shopping area of Seoul.
Han Suite lies in the center of Seoul. The property boasts location within 2 km from Seoul city center.
Han Suite offers accommodation in 20 guestrooms complete with a mini bar, satellite TV, climate control, a safe and an iron with ironing board.
Guests can enjoy Korean cuisine at Myeongdong Kyoja located fairly close to the property.
This hotel is 20 km away from Gimpo airport.
Han Suite features such facilities as an elevator and a car park.
For active guests a gym, yoga classes and a fitness centre are provided.


text:
6 Good Reasons to Soil-sprout
Because some of you have asked “why grow sprouts in soil” I will give you my top 6 reasons. There are lots of good reasons that I can think of, to grow sprouts in soil rather than in jars and special sprouters. If you’re not familiar with soil-sprouts they are seeds grown in shallow trays of soil for about seven days to harvest the delicious gourmet green and use in salads, sandwiches, tacos, or stir-fry veggies, etc.
Most sprout gurus agree that sprouts grown on soil are more nutritious because the roots of the sprouts can draw nutrients from the soil, the compost and the sea kelp meal as they grow. I haven’t found any research to support this claim, but there is lots of evidence that sprouts are good food and I don’t see any point in trying to make them ‘more better’ to justify growing them on soil, there are plenty of other good reasons to grow soil-sprouts!
1.Hulls Drop off as They Grow: My own favorite reason to grow soil-sprouts is that there is no need to wash the hulls off the sprouts, the hulls drop off on their own as the leaves grow and spread open. Whether it is alfalfa seed or Mung bean, washing the greens to separate the hulls from the sprouts is a hard job. There are tricks to the trade, but generally it takes a while to get most of the hulls washed away. But no matter what you do, you can’t get all of the hulls off. The hulls, mixed in with the greens tend to increase the spoilage factor and can affect the flavor of the greens. With soil-sprouts I just brush the tops and the hulls drop off, or they drop off on their own.
2.Storage Right in the Tray: When the soil-sprouts are ready they can be ‘stored’ right in the tray for a few extra days no problem, just water once a day and they stay fresh and green until you are ready to harvest. In fact the soil-sprouts continue to grow. With my regular jar-grown sprouts the tips start to brown a little, the hulls will tend to rot and they have to be stored in the fridge if I am not ready to use them right away.
3.Easier to care for: The first four days you do nothing with soil-sprouts, they stay in the dark on a shelf or in a cupboard. Once the sprouts are planted, the moist soil and moist paper covers make for perfect conditions for the growing seeds, no watering necessary. On the fifth day when the cover comes off and the tray is in the light, watering is only once a day.
3.Heartier greens: If you miss a watering it is not a catastrophe, there is enough moisture in the soil to carry them though a day. If you really mess up and come home to limp greens, just use soil-sprout CPR. Water the tray, put it in a plastic bag and put it in refrigerator, works every time! Not so with sprout in a jar, they will spoil very quickly, and there is no reviving them.
4 Creates a Greenspace: It is great to see the greens growing around the house and kitchen. I use ceramic pot sometimes to hold the trays so I can vary the colors and textures. Even in the little trays the greens are a welcome sight and mix in well with my wife’s house plants. But in the dead of winter with the greens growing, even thriving, it reminds me that this is only for awhile, soon I’ll be back in the garden! And the same is true if you have an apartment and don’t have a place to grow a garden, a few trays of fresh greens satisfies the gardening urge, and helps with the grocery budget too.
5.Visualize the Harvest: What I like about the trays of fresh greens is that you can see what’s ready, it makes it easy to visualize what’s for dinner. I can choose which trays are ready to harvest as I water before dinner.
6. Much faster than Micro-greens. If you have ever grown micro-greens you know that they are not ready in 7 days and only if you are lucky and have the right varieties of greens will they be ready in 21 days. So by the time you even begin to get one harvest from micro-green you have harvested 3 times and are planting your fourth set of trays with soil-sprouts. I figure that it is possible to harvest a pound of greens from just one square foot of trays every week, compare that to any greenhouse, cold frame or garden plot and you’ll be clicking your heels and singing a song.

domain: hobby


text:
- Swimmer Ryan Lochte reveals one of his worst dates - US Weekly
- Get the latest on Dr. Dre's arrest - TMZ
- Despite rumors, Eddie Murphy's daughter is not pregnant - Gossip Cop
- The Vampire Diaries star Michael Trevino steps out for a good cause - Just Jared Jr
- Are Blac Chyna and Kylie Jenner on good terms? - Radar
- Blue Ivy is just as stylish as her mom Beyonce! - Lainey Gossip
Sebastian Stan: Winter Soldier at 'Captain America' Premiere!
About this photo set: Sebastian Stan suits up to attend the premiere of his new movie Captain America: The Winter Soldier on Thursday evening (March 13) at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood.… Read More Here

domain: celebrity


text:
Section 23 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms ensures the right to instruction in French or English to the children of the francophone and anglophone minority communities in all of Canada’s provinces. Section 23 allows francophones to establish French-language school boards in each of the majority-anglophone provinces. Thanks to this key provision of the Charter, francophones outside of Quebec and anglophones in Quebec can pursue their education in their own language.
(Photo by SimonP/wikimedia)
Origins of Section 23
When the Liberal Party of Canada, under Pierre Elliot Trudeau, returned to power in February 1980, the government redoubled its efforts to patriate the Canadian Constitution from the United Kingdom and to incorporate a charter of rights and freedoms into it. With regard to freedoms, there were several proposals similar to the provisions of the 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights, but the charter also included several new language provisions. On 5 November 1981, the federal government and nine of the provinces agreed on an amending formula to patriate the Constitution, but Quebec was dissatisfied with the conditions of the agreement and did not sign it.
Sections 16 to 20 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which came into force in April 1982, recognize English and French as the official languages of Canada and the right of citizens and public servants to use these languages in federal institutions. (See also Bilingualism; Official Languages Act.)
“Citizens of Canada (a) whose first language learned and still understood is that of the English or French linguistic minority population of the province in which they reside, or (b) who have received their primary school instruction” in their mother tongue “have the right to have their children receive primary and secondary school instruction in that language […] out of public funds.”
Did you know?
Francophones outside of Quebec can meet either one of these requirements to obtain access to instruction in French, but for anglophones in Quebec, having English as their mother tongue does not suffice. As a concession made to avoid a conflict with the Charte de la langue française, for their children to have access to instruction in English in Quebec, these anglophones must have received primary school instruction in English in Canada or have a child who has received or is receiving primary school or secondary school instruction in English in Canada.
- The “number of children of citizens who have such a right” must, however, be “sufficient to warrant the provision […] of minority language instruction.”
- This right to instruction “includes, where the number of those children so warrants, the right to have them receive that instruction in minority language educational facilities provided out of public funds.”
While section 23 recognizes the right to instruction in the minority language, it does not recognize the right to establish school boards managed by linguistic minorities. During the negotiations, Franco-Ontarian Member of Parliament Jean-Robert Gauthier did succeed in having the French version of paragraph (3) b) amended so as to replace the phrase installations d’enseignement de la minorité linguistique (minority language educational facilities) with the phrase établissements d’enseignement de la minorité linguistique (minority language educational institutions). This change was intended to imply a greater sense of belonging to the community and thus, it was hoped, force the courts to establish minority-language school boards.
While the Charter affirmed the rights of individuals, it also recognized the rights of official language communities living in minority situations within a bilingual, multicultural federation. Quebec and New Brunswick already met their commitments with regard to their respective linguistic minorities.
Issues of Thresholds and Management
The ambiguities in section 23 and the disadvantaged status of Canada’s French-language school systems drove some language demands into the courts. As early as 1982, groups of francophone parents, trustees and associations were consulting constitutional experts. With the help of the Court Challenges Program (established in 1978), they hired lawyers to pursue two objectives. The first was to clarify the minimum threshold numbers of students, which would make it possible to invalidate discriminatory statutes, regulations and practices concerning the construction of new schools. The second objective was to clarify the meaning of the phrase établissements d’enseignement de la minorité linguistique, which implicitly suggests that minority language educational institutions belong to the community, which therefore manages and controls them to some extent.
In 1983, the government of Ontario was the first to refer section 23 to its province’s Court of Appeal to clarify its obligations. The following year, the Court ruled that the minimum thresholds of 25 students to warrant the establishment of a French-language primary school administration and 20 for a secondary school administration were too high. In the opinion of Court, the institutions had to be seen as an integral part of the social and cultural fabric of the minority, and parents and communities therefore had to be afforded a certain degree of management and control over these institutions.
The provinces had to react to this precedent. In 1985, Ontario formed French-language sections within its bilingual school boards. It made these sections responsible for personnel management, facilities and curriculum. Elected Francophone school board trustees took responsibility for these sections while also managing transportation, budgets and shared spaces together with their anglophone colleagues. Nova Scotia also established Acadian advisory councils within its existing school districts and expanded instruction in French, although science continued to be taught in English. In Newfoundland, the provincial government refused to establish a separate francophone school body, but did open the first French-language school in St. John’s in 1990. (See also Francophones of Newfoundland and Labrador.) Yukon established its first complete school program in French in Whitehorse in 1984, and the Northwest Territories did likewise at Yellowknife in 1989. (See also Francophones of Yukon; Francophones of the Northwest Territories).
In Alberta, bilingual schools and classrooms were open to all and taught up to 80% of their subjects in French. In 1984, the Catholic school board in Edmonton incorporated the Georges and Julia Bugnet private school into its system, but the province refused to subsidize it. The parents therefore used the Court Challenges Program to demonstrate the incompatibility of the Alberta School Act with section 23 of the Charter. The Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta found that the Charter did confer a degree of management by the communities, but did not require the creation of French-language school boards. The parents took their case to the Court of Appeal, which added that the number of students entitled to instruction in French in Edmonton seemed sufficient to warrant the existence of a francophone school. But the Court refused to invalidate the School Act regulations, because it did not see any conflict with section 23 of the Charter.
In response to this confusion, the Supreme Court of Canada agreed to hear the Franco-Albertan parents’ case. In the Court’s 1990 judgment in Mahe v. Alberta, Justice Brian Dickson wrote that section 23 has a “remedial nature”. The Charter mentions “minority language educational facilities,” which means that these schools belong to the minority and that this minority should therefore have a “degree of management and control.” Justice Dickson pointed to the “inaction of the public authorities” as a “bar to the realization of the appellants’ rights.” As regards the requirement that a minimum of 20 per cent of class time in Alberta be spent on English-language education, not only did it contravene section 23, but Alberta had not even taken the trouble to show why the province persisted in maintaining it. According to the Court, the number of students entitled to French-language instruction in the Edmonton area alone met the higher threshold at which francophone parents would have to be granted a degree of management and control. The province was given eight years to amend its School Act.
Although the judgment in Mahe v. Alberta clarified the spirit of section 23, it did not make the degree of management and control of these schools explicit. In a parallel dispute in 1990, the Manitoba Court of Appeal found that it was up to the province to define the degree of management and control enjoyed by Franco-Manitobans, whereas the Mahe v. Alberta judgment, rendered one month later, affirmed that the “sliding scale” approach should be used to determine it. Given this situation, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal by the Franco-Manitobans in 1993. In Reference re Public Schools Act (Man.), Justice Antonio Lamer pointed out that Mahe v. Alberta had established that a francophone school board in Edmonton would be plausible. Consequently, the number of Franco-Manitoban students (3,000) was more than high enough to warrant “the establishment of an independent French language school board in Manitoba under the exclusive management and control of the French language minority.” The Court ordered that Manitoba must “without delay, put into place both a regime and a system which permit the Francophone minority to exercise its rights effectively.”
In 1993, using start-up funding that was available to all provinces and territories, Manitoba founded the Franco-manitoban School Division. In 1994, Alberta followed suit, establishing three regional school boards. In 1995, Saskatchewan created seven small francophone school divisions; four years later, it merged them into a single Fransaskois school division. (See also Francophones of Saskatchewan.) In British Columbia, francophone parents had to wait until 1996 for the province’s Supreme Court to order its government to establish a provincial francophone school board. The province did so in the following year, but the amount of funding granted was enough for this board to serve only 15% of the 19,000 students in the province who were entitled to instruction in French. (See also Francophones of British Columbia.)
In Ontario, religious rights complicated the creation of francophone school boards. Nevertheless, the province established the Metropolitan Toronto and Ottawa-Carleton French-language public school boards in 1988 and the Prescott-Russell French-language Catholic separate school board in 1992. In 1998, a provincial reform merged the 3 French-language boards, 8 francophone committees, 59 French advisory councils and 90,000 francophone students into 12 French-language boards (4 public and 8 Catholic).
Francophone school boards were also established, with federal funding, in Newfoundland (1997), the Northwest Territories (1997) and Nunavut (2001).
Issues of Power, Equality and Access
On Prince Edward Island, Unit 5 has managed French-language education throughout the province since 1988. In 1994, Unit 5 announced construction of a school in Summerside, but the Minister of Education cancelled the decision, on the pretext that there was already a school in Abram-Village, 27 kilometres to the west. The PEI Court of Appeal did not see busing students this distance as a bar to an education of equal quality, but the Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal on the discretionary powers of a minister. In 2000, it ruled that it was up to Unit 5 to decide what was most appropriate in light of its constitutional obligations.
In Nova Scotia, in 1996, the provincial government established the Conseil scolaire acadien provincial (provincial Acadian school board) to manage Acadian schools, but left the decision whether to build a French-language school up to the Minister. In 1999, plans to build five secondary schools were cancelled, leading Acadian parents to file an appeal. Justice Arthur LeBlanc of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court invalidated the province’s decision, arguing the urgent need to take action to counter the disturbing rate of assimilation among young Acadians. Although the province contested the judge’s requirement to submit reports on the progress achieved, the Supreme Court found in his favour in 2002. Indeed, the Charter does allow judges to be creative in ordering remedial measures to address infringements of rights, so that parents need not constantly turn to the courts for redress. (See also Acadia; Acadian French.)
As regards the quality of school facilities, francophone parents in British Columbia went to court over the condition of the Rose-des-Vents elementary school in Vancouver. This school was operating at 72% above its rated capacity, had no windows at several places, and had numerous sanitation problems. The tiny, crowded classrooms had contributed to an outbreak of head lice among the students. In addition, most of the students had to be bused long distances to get to the school. The contrast with English-language schools in the area was indisputable. In 2015, the Supreme Court found that the building did not satisfy the standard of real equality. In the following year, the provincial Supreme Court ruled that the province had to put things right; this decision was confirmed by the Supreme Court in 2020.
In Yukon, the question of eligibility to attend school in French arose. Since its founding in 1996, the territory’s francophone school board had been admitting students to the Émilie Tremblay elementary school freely. But in 2009, the territory ordered the board to admit only “rights holders” from then on. (Manitoba and Ontario had authorized school admission committees to expand their criteria beyond rights-holders in 1987 and 1990, respectively, but Yukon had never officially delegated that responsibility to the board.) The Supreme Court recognized that “the Yukon’s approach to admissions prevents the realization of s. 23’s purpose.” In 2016, the parties reached an agreement, and the school board was authorized to decide for itself whether to admit non-rights-holders, but was also required to report to the territorial government yearly on the number of students whose parents did not meet the section 23 criteria. This group included children of francophone immigrants, children whose grandparents’ mother tongue was French, and francophile students.
Impact of Section 23
Some 10 landmark decisions by the Supreme Court transformed the Canadian school landscape over the years 1960 to 2000. All major Canadian cities now offer a French-language education from kindergarten through Grade 12, and the education ministries of all the provinces now have hundreds of specialists and thousands of teachers who deliver this education.
These 630 francophone schools outside of Quebec are attended by 160,000 students, a good number of whom become active francophones. The disputes nowadays are about revising funding formulas, modernizing buildings and updating the concept of rights-holders. As Pierre Foucher puts it, “Without section 23, none of this would have happened.”

domain: law


Thank you. I have been a revolver guy most of my life, but this .38 1911 has me hooked!
Thanks, I am loving the forum and the .38 Super. When I got back from my recent deployment my intention was to order a SAA, but I found a TALO Colt Commander .38 Super and had to buy it. Then wouldn't you know, I found the Govt .38 a few days later and had to buy that as well. So much for the SAA fo a while!Welcome to the forum and the world of .38 Super.
The .38 Super, with its lower recoil, and higher velocity potential, can be loaded to a higher power factor than the 9mm. That's one reason why they're so popular in IPSC/IDPA circles.Is it true that the 38 super is preferred over the 45 for competition shooting?


Regal and contemporary, the Peninsula Condo Aventura is a highly sought-after place to live. With condos as large as 6,000 square feet, the Aventura Peninsula is able to accommodate large families as well as a higher standard of living. Surrounded by the Dumfoundling Bay and Little Maule Lake, the colossal building single-handedly provides its residents epic views year round. Running trails as well as a state-of-the-art fitness room make the Aventura Peninsula a hot spot for the healthy-minded patrons. There’s also a spa, billiards room, gated entry, smart building technology, valet service, lighted tennis courts and a gorgeous pool area to enrich leisure days. The Peninsula Condo Aventura is unrivaled in its amenities and luxuries.
Take a step outside of the Aventura Peninsula, and you will be greeted with a mini-metropolis full of surprises and superb amenities that offer a life unlike no other. Admire the impressive ocean and horizon views while dining in one of the city’s five-star restaurants. Thanks to a fantastic parks department that takes pride in providing top-notch services, Aventura is abundant in lush, landscaped neighborhood parks exclusive to local residents. Dog owners will be pleased to know that there’s also a large dog park nearby, the perfect place for Fido to romp around in. Or, you could take him on a walk on Aventura golf club’s 3-mile stretch of pavement that cruises by swank apartments, gardens and beaches.
The shimmering blue ribbon of the Intracoastal Waterway helps make traversing from and to Aventura highly convenient for local boat and yacht owners. Aventura has plenty of indoor recreation as well, such as the IMAX movie theater at the Turnberry Mall, within convenient distance from Peninsula One. Also nearby is Aventura Mall, one of the largest malls in the country.


text:
When we are feeling lonely or insecure or vulnerable and someone comes along and pays us the right kind of attention, we turn toward them the way that a flower turns toward the sunshine.
A little flattery, a kind word, a small gift can go a very long way. When they are an adolescent, in that difficult post-childhood, pre-adult emotional zone, there is a firestorm of emotions that include, but are not limited to, desire to be independent, fearlessness, and assurance that they are insightful beyond parental reason.
In other words, adolescents have the firm belief that they know what is best and who is good for them. They can make their own friends and they have weathered the pitfalls of friends who betray and drop them over imaginary slights.
Underneath all this bravado and belief in their infallibility, there is often a curiosity and sense of loneliness as they cannot fit into their childhood ways and they are not self-supporting enough to be the adult that they know they should be.
Add to this personality mix the pervasiveness of the online world and the desire to feel special and you have a perfect situation for grooming.
Grooming refers to the way that an adult will create an emotional connection with a child with unacceptable goals in mind – not always extreme but we’ll look at worse case scenarios. The adult wants to have the young person trust them and turn their full allegiance to them so
that the child will follow them into forbidden territory. The forbidden territory can be sexual abuse for the perpetrator’s own gratification. It can be sexual exploitation or human trafficking.
How does the groomer carry out this nefarious behaviour? First, the groomer needs to gain access to the child and slowly build a level of trust and a feeling that they have a special connection. The groomer needs to make the child become compliant and build a relationship with the child that encourages the child to keep everything between them a secret. The child may not feel that they are being abused but that they are in a very special relationship with the abuser. A secret, loving and special relationship that parents would never understand.
The online world is a perfect place for grooming because of the anonymity it offers. However, it is not the only place where grooming can take place. You can warn children about stranger danger and insist upon knowing all the people they meet face-to-face. That is not good enough. It’s not just strangers, online or offline, who can groom your child.
Sexual predators also exist in families, among your friends, and even in the professionals you trust because caring for children is their job. There is no one specific profile for a predator. He can be a 56-year-old secondary school coach or she can be an 18-year-old babysitter.
The predator can be that mild-mannered, helpful next door neighbour, or the young man who walks his dog past your house everyday. The woman who used to date your brother could be a predator who has a new boyfriend she wants to keep, and the price of his attention is luring children into his depraved world.
Your brother, Bob, is out of a job and moves in with you. He has no money and he offers to help you around the house. You have a 13-year-old son and think that having his uncle around will be good for him. Your son won’t be left alone to get into teenage mischief. Maybe they will go to the park and toss a ball around. It will get your son away from his video games.
Uncle Bob spends time with his nephew and builds up a camaraderie. Bob shares family stories with his nephew and praises him for his ball throwing ability. Bob sees the family dynamics and knows where the child’s tender emotional points are. Bob uses these triggers to create a connection where the child feels that, at last, an adult sees his point of view.
Once this connection is made, Bob drives the wedge in a little deeper. “You are so grown up,” he will say. “I can’t believe that your parents treat you like a child. A baby.” This is music to the young boy’s ears.
Bob will produce a beer and they will share the beer while they are alone in the house and their bond will be stronger. Another beer, a couple of really raunchy jokes, and the lads, man and boy, are equals. It is not a long step from this to Uncle Bob offering to show his nephew some inappropriate attention and before long, they are in a secret sexual relationship.
The idea of us against them, the parents who don’t understand how mature the child is, has already been established. If the boy feels any shame or discomfort, he will not be inclined to tell his mother or his father.
Uncle Bob can be anyone in your circle of friends and acquaintances. The child can be any age. This happens face-to-face. When the groomer is online, he or she has ample opportunity to practice the fine art of stalking the perfect victim.
Online profiles on children’s gaming sites, even innocuous games involving cute animals, are like a catalogue where the groomer can find the exact preferential type of child that they want to seduce.
The point is that you cannot spot the paedophile or screen all the friends your child has online and know which ones are genuine and which ones are impressing your child and setting the child up for abuse.
A child is playing an online game that you have explored and determined to be a safe place for the child. You monitor the game and the amount of time that the child spends online playing this game.
The child makes friends in the game and one of the top scoring players who, according to his profile is not much older than the child – maybe a year older – begins to show up and plays regularly with your child. Small bits of praise are directed at your child’s ability to score and over time, they build a friendship using the monitored chat space.
It looks innocent enough. The other player has a profile that is full of details about his school and his family and his friends. There are photos of the older child doing regular children’s things. If you see their interaction online, it might not seem to be a problem.
In reality, the other player is a man in his 30s who preys on young boys and eventually he will suggest that they meet offline. The suggestion will be based on information he has learned through the innocent chats with the child right under your nose.
The groomer will have learned the times when the child is most apt to be available to meet at the shopping centre or a school. It is a skill perfected by diligent observation. Perhaps it can be a time when you go grocery shopping and the child will be with you but able to ask permission to look at the toy section or the book section of the store.
A previous arrangement will have been made for the groomer to meet the child. The predator will show up, looking quite serious and say that he is the father or brother of the online friend, and was sent to find your child because the online friend cannot get to meet him at the store because he is running late.
The father figure will engage the child in non-threatening talk and then suggest that they step outside the store so that the friend will be able to see them sooner. The predator may then admit that he was the friend from the game after all and he didn’t want to frighten the boy off by telling him that right away.
He could build trust with the child at this point by flattering the child, engaging him in secrecy, and arrange another meeting when they have more time.
When you are a foster parent, there is the possibility of even more danger. For one thing, the child may have learned distrust and feel isolated because of the unsettled history they have had. They need time to trust their foster family and in the meantime, having someone devoted to talking to them, making them feel special, praising them, and being available to make them feel that someone cares about them above all others, would obviously be very attractive to them.
If the foster child is new to your household, it is likely that you will not be as attuned to changes in their personality as you might be to a child that has been with you all his or her life.
Groomers are clever and subtle and they know how to stay under the spotlight as they engage with your children. They have had the time to develop an online persona that protects them from being spotted by knowing adults. If they are offline people, they will have worked their grooming techniques on you as well so that you have learned to trust them.
You have to be vigilant and watch for changes in the young person’s behaviour. This can be challenging when they are teenagers because it is part of the way teenagers are that their emotions are volatile and sometimes flamboyant. And secretive. Lot’s of teenagers like to shut themselves away and have mysterious online connections.
However, there are some obvious signals that should be checked upon. If they are suddenly sporting new clothes or a fancy smart phone, find out where they obtained these things. They are the type of gifts that often accompany grooming.
Know their friends and be curious about friends who are age inappropriate.
Keep an eye on drug and alcohol usage. Where are they getting the drugs or the drink?
These are obvious external signs that they might be getting involved in a dangerous relationship. There are also emotional clues that something might be going wrong. Again, because teenagers do have trouble with their raging hormones and emerging adult emotions that challenge their moods, this is a delicate issue to sort out.
Has your child suddenly become depressed, withdrawn, and anxious? Are they having trouble sleeping? Do they have nightmares or wet the bed? What about eating disorders? Has their behaviour taken a turn for the worse? Are they skipping school or showing an abnormal interest in self-harm or suicide? Or to the other extreme, are they inexplicably happy?
When you are fostering a young person, some of these signs might be the result of the chaos that has been in the child’s life to this point. Mood swings, negative attitudes, and withdrawal from the family may have nothing to do with a predator or it may have everything to do with a predator.
Nevertheless you must be vigilant.
Remember that groomers can be part of your regular circle of friends. They can be people you would never suspect of being any danger at all. One predator who is disabled, used that to his advantage and went so far as to groom the parents, building up a level of trust that had the parents get their children involved in helping out the person who became their abuser.
A family acquaintance who is grooming your child may do things that bridge the gap between what is acceptable and what is not acceptable, by doing things right in front of you that sends a signal to the child that it is all right for the person to touch them.
Here is an example: the predator might hug the child in front of you in a casual form of greeting. This sends the signal that the person’s touch is all right with you. When the hug becomes more intense, the stage has already been set. Be observant of how your child responds to being hugged by a family friend or relative.
Communication is the best weapon against children in your care being the target of a grooming approach. Talk about how physical contact between an adult and a child is not a good thing. It is one thing to hug your parents. It is another thing completely to let the neighbour hug you and touch you. Acceptable levels of contact may also differ between cultures, so it’s important to discuss.
The groomer is apt to start with light touches, a pat on the shoulder or an accidental bump. The touching will become more frequent and more lingering and the young person will become immune to it being anything even remotely dangerous.
The more you can create an open atmosphere in your household, where young people can feel safe talking to you about the facts of life, the better chance you have of protecting them from predators.
Here are five tips to keep communication open:
If you’ve got any questions or would like to find out more about fostering with Capstone, fill out the form below.
An experienced fostering advisor from your local area will then be in touch.

domain: psychology


Two wise and eloquent articles appeared this week, interpreting the fallout from Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s (D-NY) claim that the United States has established “concentration camps” on its southern border. The Right-wing media machine has always been ready to pounce on Ocasio-Cortez’s statements, and did so with fangs bared. For example, Rep. Liz Cheney (R-WY) admonished Ocasio-Cortez on Twitter: “Please @AOC do us all a favor and spend just a few minutes learning some actual history. 6 million Jews were exterminated in the Holocaust. You demean their memory and disgrace yourself with comments like this.” The supposition at work here is that one would have to be either grotesquely malicious or tremendously stupid to claim that there would be any point of comparison between the current border crisis and events that transpired in the most barbaric regime in history.
Never mind the logical gaps at play in such grandiose finger-wagging. Between any two things or events one can always find common properties, but this does not mean that the things or events in question are identical. Nazi Germany had courts of law; the United States has courts of law. This does not entail that the United States is Nazi Germany, or that their courts were equally politicized, or that courts of law are bad because, well, the Nazis had them. Cheney seems to suggest a logical identity between concentration camps and the death-camps of the Shoah. You dare not invoke the one, because it is equivalent to the other. But you do not need to take a course in propositional logic to see this line of argument is fallacious: you need to look up the dictionary definition of “concentration Camp”. Here’s what Merriam-Webster says:
“ A place where large numbers of people (such as prisoners of war, political prisoners, refugees, or the members of an ethnic or religious minority) are detained or confined under armed guard — used especially in reference to camps created by the Nazis in World War II for the internment and persecution of Jews and other prisoners”
Thus, given sound linguistic usage of the English language, “Concentration Camp” is the genus of which “Death Camp” is a species. The detention centers on the US-Mexican border fit the definition of concentration camps, whether they approach the Nazis or not. Full stop.
Cheney is condescending to Ocasio-Cortez in her tweet, suggesting that she is ignorant of history and too stupid to notice. But it’s pretty clear, since the start of the 115th Congress, that Ocasio-Cortez is neither ignorant nor stupid. She is both factually right in this case and uses her concepts soundly. But logic is not what counts on Twitter: it is rhetoric. And Cheney’s rhetoric conveys the notion that the real problem with Ocasio-Cortez is not intellectual but moral. As if Cheney is suggesting “The Nazis and the Soviets did concentration camps. The United States is not like them, thus we don’t do concentration camps. That is not who we are.”
Masha Gessen, writing in The New Yorker, identifies one way in which this rhetoric of national innocence goes wrong:
“[T]he argument is really about how we perceive history, ourselves, and ourselves in history. We learn to think of history as something that has already happened, to other people. Our own moment, filled as it is with minutiae destined to be forgotten, always looks smaller in comparison. As for history, the greater the event, the more mythologized it becomes. Despite our best intentions, the myth becomes a caricature of sorts. Hitler, or Stalin, comes to look like a two-dimensional villain — someone whom contemporaries could not have seen as a human being. The Holocaust, or the Gulag, are such monstrous events that the very idea of rendering them in any sort of gray scale seems monstrous, too. This has the effect of making them, essentially, unimaginable. . . If this can’t happen, then the thing that is happening is not it. What we see in real life, or at least on television, can’t possibly be the same monstrous phenomenon that we have collectively decided is unimaginable.”
History has aligned the term “Concentration Camps” with the atrocities of the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. They were unimaginably horrific deeds committed by unimaginably horrific regimes. Therefore, to use “concentration camps” to refer to anything other than the Gulags or the Lagers is presumably to misuse it: therefore the arguments that the detention centers are not concentration camps, as well as Ocasio-Cortez’s claim that they are, both trade on a kind of ignorance of the way in which the term’s meaning has changed for us, us Americans:
“It is the choice between thinking that whatever is happening in reality is, by definition, acceptable, and thinking that some actual events in our current reality are fundamentally incompatible with our concept of ourselves — not just as Americans but as human beings — and therefore unimaginable.”
Perhaps, Gessen surmises, the real problem lies in our self-conception. This insight is fleshed out by Peter Beinart in his essay in The Atlantic:
“[F]or the first time in decades, the left is mounting a serious challenge to American exceptionalism. . . American exceptionalism does not merely connote cultural and political uniqueness. It connotes moral superiority. Embedded in exceptionalist discourse is the belief that, because America has a special devotion to democracy and freedom, its sins are mostly incidental. The greatest evils humankind has witnessed, in places such as the Nazi death camps, are far removed from anything Americans would ever do. America’s adversaries commit crimes; America merely stumbles on its way to doing the right thing.”
Beinart argues that Ocasio-Cortez and those in Congress who align with her are doing something that really has not been done since the Vietnam war: challenging the idea that The United States of America can do bad things, even evil things. This is who we are now: a nation that greets the appearance of detention centers, the separation of parents and children, the fanning of bigotries to cement the power of the Republican party — in short, the accoutrements of fascism if not its substance — with a shrug. It’s what we have become, and it could be something we reject in the future. It requires conversion. But if we manage this metanoia, it will not be a case of our returning to a pristine, virtuous past, where the better angels of our national nature will again seize control. It will be a wholesale change, coupled with the recognition that we are not exempt from all the evils that have visited other nation-states. We are not exceptional:
“Ocasio-Cortez’s comment about concentration camps is only the latest example of this broad challenge to American exceptionalism. She didn’t claim that Trump’s detention centers are the equivalent of Auschwitz. But she denied that America is a separate moral category, so inherently different from the world’s worst regimes that it requires a separate language. . . Ocasio-Cortez and others on the Millennial-led left are challenging that separation now. They are challenging not only the physical and legal barriers that Trump is erecting against immigrants entering the United States, but also the conceptual barriers that American exceptionalism erects against seeing the United States as a nation capable of evil. “
If other nations are, to use theological language, sinful, then we are too.
My only complaint about this rejection of exceptionalist rhetoric — and it’s a minor one — is that there is a guiding assumption that we all know who the “we” is. Are the black descendants of the USA part of this “we”? Poor people? LGBTQ people? Pacifists? Socialists? Women? The irony of American history is that while it’s taken for granted there is a kind of unum in which all the pluribus participates, any unjaundiced view of American history will put the lie to that presumption. American unity is mythological. That’s not necessarily a slam: most gatherings of humans have their founding and sustaining and unifying myths. The problem is that myths always die, and often die hard. We have, as Wittgenstein remarked in another context, been held captive by a picture, a picture that no longer discloses anything truthful about the “us”, the “we”, that is fragmented at best and chimerical at worst.


This paper evaluates the safety effect of Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) model on autonomous car-following maneuvers. The RSS model is embedded into Model Predictive Control (MPC) based Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) algorithm. Car-following scenarios with sudden deceleration of lead vehicle at various front gap and velocity conditions are simulated. Vehicle movements characteristics and surrogate safety measurements are analyzed to evaluate safety performance of simulation before and after RSS is embedded. Results show that ACC safety performance can be improved significantly by RSS at large front gap conditions. As ACC is an optimization-based algorithm, large initial front gap leads to late deceleration decision and thus result in low safety performance. RSS model, which is derived from drivers’ perception and reaction according to emergencies, can be applied as a safety guarantee to improve safety performance of such optimization-based algorithms.


text:
On Friday, a federal bankruptcy judge cut an asbestos award to $125 million after finding lawyers in the case coached their clients to “forget” certain facts that would increase the defendant’s liability and to change their stories in other lawsuits.
“While the judge declined to comment on the legality of those tactics, his findings appear to support the fraud claims Garlock parent EnPro Industries made against several law firms yesterday, “writes Dan Fisher in Forbes. “In those lawsuits, filed under seal to comply with the judge’s blanket confidentiality order covering plaintiff medical records, EnPro accuses the lawyers of ‘double-dipping’ by suing Garlock and then making conflicting claims with trusts set up to administer claims against bankrupt companies.”
ILR president Lisa Rickard released a statement calling for additional action from state and federal legislatures to rein in asbestos litigation abuse. “Plaintiffs’ lawyers are manipulating and withholding evidence, and Judge Hodges recognizes that this is ‘a regular practice by many plaintiffs’ firms.”


text:
March 6, 2018—Arnott Air Suspension Products, provider of aftermarket air suspension parts and accessories for luxury cars, trucks, and SUVS, is pleased to announce the company is offering a premium Eibach Front Shock (SK-3062) for 2000-2006 GM SUVs (GMT800 Chassis) equipped with Autoride (Z55 RPO).
Features of the product include:
- Eibach Nitrogen Gas-Charged Monotube Shock
- Protective Dust Boot for Longer Life
- New Upper Bushings & Mounting Hardware
- Installation Manual & Video Available
- Made in the USA

domain: news


From materials science and earth system modeling to quantum information science and cybersecurity, experts in many fields run simulations and conduct experiments to collect the abundance of data necessary for scientific progress.
We have a data problem. Humanity is now generating more data than it can handle; more sensors, smartphones, and devices of all types are coming online every day and contributing to the ever-growing global dataset.
Researchers across the scientific spectrum crave data, as it is essential to understanding the natural world and, by extension, accelerating scientific progress.
For nearly three decades, scientists and engineers across the globe have worked on the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a project focused on designing and building the world’s largest radio telescope. Although the SKA will collect enormous amounts of precise astronomical data in record time, scientific breakthroughs will only be possible with systems able to efficiently process that data.


text:
Federated Farmers has welcomed reports the United Kingdom Government has shelved its ‘animal tax’, which would have forced exporters to cost-share for biosecurity incursions. The Federation is demanding the New Zealand Government now follow suit.
“New Zealand cannot export a biosecurity incursion into New Zealand, yet that’s the logic behind wishing to see exporters share the cost of biosecurity,” says John Hartnell, Federated Farmers biosecurity spokesperson.
“I have never seen a more illogical proposal. Instead of making importers pay more for biosecurity, given that’s where 100 percent of the risk comes from, let’s just sting the people who generate New Zealand’s export wealth.
“New Zealand’s unique selling proposition is that we are relatively free of nasties. Farmers are deeply concerned over current investment in frontline biosecurity, combined with a policy towards incursions, that seems more flight, than fight.
“Biosecurity cost sharing should fall on goods being imported into New Zealand as well as international air travellers. That’s where 100 percent of the biosecurity risk resides.
“64 percent of all export wealth comes from the agricultural sector and any incursion would adversely affect the entire economy. Not only that, but tourism, which doesn’t contribute anything to biosecurity, would be impacted severely based on UK experience.
“I find it unacceptable the Government is unwilling to add to the cost of an imported LCD TV but is willing to further erode farmgate returns.
“Several weeks ago on Q+A, the Minister of Finance, the Hon Bill English, said Federated Farmers was cool on the idea of biosecurity cost sharing. He’s dead right.
“In real terms, we are spending 51 percent more in Vote Biosecurity than was spent in 2000, yet we seem to be getting less frontline staff and less in terms of a biosecurity response judging by Varroa and the Argentine Ant.
“While Federated Farmers lobbying saved six frontline biosecurity staff in Whangarei, Tauranga and Timaru, the Government chopped 44 positions. This plan to cost share biosecurity with exporters is, frankly, the second most short-sighted thing I’ve seen.
“Every New Zealander has a stake in the export economy. It’s palpably unfair to penalise exporters for risks that can only be imported into New Zealand. The UK Government has ‘got that’ so it’s high time our Government ‘gets it’ too,” Mr Hartnell concluded.

domain: finance