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Ar’n’t I a Woman?
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|Author||: Deborah Gray White|
|Editor||: W. W. Norton & Company|
Explores the contributions made by enslaved women to the family's economy and suggests they achieved a greater degree of equality with their men than white women
|Author||: Deborah Gray White|
|Editor||: W. W. Norton & Company|
"This is one of those rare books that quickly became the standard work in its field. Professor White has done justice to the complexity of her subject."—Anne Firor Scott, Duke University Living with the dual burdens of racism and sexism, slave women in the plantation South assumed roles within the family and community that contrasted sharply with traditional female roles in the larger American society. This new edition of Ar'n't I a Woman? reviews and updates the scholarship on slave women and the slave family, exploring new ways of understanding the intersection of race and gender and comparing the myths that stereotyped female slaves with the realities of their lives. Above all, this groundbreaking study shows us how black women experienced freedom in the Reconstruction South — their heroic struggle to gain their rights, hold their families together, resist economic and sexual oppression, and maintain their sense of womanhood against all odds.
|Author||: Sojourner Truth|
|Editor||: Penguin UK|
'I am a woman's rights. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I am as strong as any man that is now' A former slave and one of the most powerful orators of her time, Sojourner Truth fought for the equal rights of Black women throughout her life. This selection of her impassioned speeches is accompanied by the words of other inspiring African-American female campaigners from the nineteenth century. One of twenty new books in the bestselling Penguin Great Ideas series. This new selection showcases a diverse list of thinkers who have helped shape our world today, from anarchists to stoics, feminists to prophets, satirists to Zen Buddhists.
|Author||: bell hooks|
A classic work of feminist scholarship, Ain't I a Woman has become a must-read for all those interested in the nature of black womanhood. Examining the impact of sexism on black women during slavery, the devaluation of black womanhood, black male sexism, racism among feminists, and the black woman's involvement with feminism, hooks attempts to move us beyond racist and sexist assumptions. The result is nothing short of groundbreaking, giving this book a critical place on every feminist scholar's bookshelf.
|Author||: Nell Irvin Painter|
|Editor||: W. W. Norton & Company|
A monumental biography of one of the most important black women of the nineteenth century. Sojourner Truth first gained prominence at an 1851 Akron, Ohio, women's rights conference, saying, "Dat man over dar say dat woman needs to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches. . . . Nobody eber helps me into carriages, or ober mud-puddles . . . and ar'n't I a woman?" Sojourner Truth: ex-slave and fiery abolitionist, figure of imposing physique, riveting preacher and spellbinding singer who dazzled listeners with her wit and originality. Straight-talking and unsentimental, Truth became a national symbol for strong black women--indeed, for all strong women. Like Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, she is regarded as a radical of immense and enduring influence; yet, unlike them, what is remembered of her consists more of myth than of personality. Now, in a masterful blend of scholarship and sympathetic understanding, eminent black historian Nell Irvin Painter goes beyond the myths, words, and photographs to uncover the life of a complex woman who was born into slavery and died a legend. Inspired by religion, Truth transformed herself from a domestic servant named Isabella into an itinerant pentecostal preacher; her words of empowerment have inspired black women and poor people the world over to this day. As an abolitionist and a feminist, Truth defied the notion that slaves were male and women were white, expounding a fact that still bears repeating: among blacks there are women; among women, there are blacks. No one who heard her speak ever forgot Sojourner Truth, the power and pathos of her voice, and the intelligence of her message. No one who reads Painter's groundbreaking biography will forget this landmark figure and the story of her courageous life.
|Author||: Catherine Clinton|
Examines the place of women in the daily life of the Southern plantations before the Civil War and analyzes the women's relationship with slaves and their masters
|Author||: Deborah Gray White|
|Editor||: W W Norton & Company Incorporated|
Chronicles one hundred years in the struggle of African-American women to attain equality and to establish a resistance to persistent racism, male chauvinism, and negative sterotyping, assessing black women's role in the battle for civil rights and women's rights.
|Author||: Stephanie J. Shaw|
|Editor||: University of Chicago Press|
Stephanie J. Shaw takes us into the inner world of American black professional women during the Jim Crow era. This is a story of struggle and empowerment, of the strength of a group of women who worked against daunting odds to improve the world for themselves and their people. Shaw's remarkable research into the lives of social workers, librarians, nurses, and teachers from the 1870s through the 1950s allows us to hear these women's voices for the first time. The women tell us, in their own words, about their families, their values, their expectations. We learn of the forces and factors that made them exceptional, and of the choices and commitments that made them leaders in their communities. What a Woman Ought to Be and to Do brings to life a world in which African-American families, communities, and schools worked to encourage the self-confidence, individual initiative, and social responsibility of girls. Shaw shows us how, in a society that denied black women full professional status, these girls embraced and in turn defined an ideal of "socially responsible individualism" that balanced private and public sphere responsibilities. A collective portrait of character shaped in the toughest circumstances, this book is more than a study of the socialization of these women as children and the organization of their work as adults. It is also a study of leadership—of how African American communities gave their daughters the power to succeed in and change a hostile world.
|Author||: Catherine M. Lewis,J. Richard Lewis|
|Editor||: University of Arkansas Press|
Women and Slavery offers readers an opportunity to examine the establishment, growth, and evolution of slavery in the United States as it impacted women-enslaved and free, African American and white, wealthy and poor, northern and southern. The primary documents-including newspaper articles, broadsides, cartoons, pamphlets, speeches, photographs, memoirs, and editorials-are organized thematically and represent cultural, political, religious, economic, and social perspectives on this dark and complex period in American history.
|Author||: Shirley J. Yee|
|Editor||: Univ. of Tennessee Press|
Looks at how the pattern was set for Black female activism in working for abolitionism while confronting both sexism and racism
|Author||: Deborah Gray White|
|Editor||: Univ of North Carolina Press|
The field of black women's history gained recognition as a legitimate field of study only late in the twentieth century. Collecting stories that are both deeply personal and powerfully political, Telling Histories compiles seventeen personal narratives by leading black women historians at various stages in their careers. Their essays illuminate how--first as graduate students and then as professional historians--they entered and navigated the realm of higher education, a world concerned with and dominated by whites and men. In distinct voices and from different vantage points, the personal histories revealed here also tell the story of the struggle to establish a new scholarly field. Black women, alleged by affirmative-action supporters and opponents to be "twofers," recount how they have confronted racism, sexism, and homophobia on college campuses. They explore how the personal and the political intersect in historical research and writing and in the academy. Organized by the years the contributors earned their Ph.D.'s, these essays follow the black women who entered the field of history during and after the civil rights and black power movements, endured the turbulent 1970s, and opened up the field of black women's history in the 1980s. By comparing the experiences of older and younger generations, this collection makes visible the benefits and drawbacks of the institutionalization of African American and African American women's history. Telling Histories captures the voices of these pioneers, intimately and publicly. Contributors: Elsa Barkley Brown, University of Maryland Mia Bay, Rutgers University Leslie Brown, Washington University in St. Louis Crystal N. Feimster, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Sharon Harley, University of Maryland Wanda A. Hendricks, University of South Carolina Darlene Clark Hine, Northwestern University Chana Kai Lee, University of Georgia Jennifer L. Morgan, New York University Nell Irvin Painter, Newark, New Jersey Merline Pitre, Texas Southern University Barbara Ransby, University of Illinois at Chicago Julie Saville, University of Chicago Brenda Elaine Stevenson, University of California, Los Angeles Ula Taylor, University of California, Berkeley Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, Morgan State University Deborah Gray White, Rutgers University
|Author||: Charmaine A. Nelson|
This book offers the first concentrated examination of the representation of the black female subject in Western art through the lenses of race/color and sex/gender. Charmaine A. Nelson poses critical questions about the contexts of production, the problems of representation, the pathways of circulation and the consequences of consumption. She analyzes not only how, where, why and by whom black female subjects have been represented, but also what the social and cultural impacts of the colonial legacy of racialized western representation have been. Nelson also explores and problematizes the issue of the historically privileged white artistic access to black female bodies and the limits of representation for these subjects. This book not only reshapes our understanding of the black female representation in Western Art, but also furthers our knowledge about race and how and why it is (re)defined and (re)mobilized at specific times and places throughout history.
|Author||: Shirley Wilson Logan|
|Editor||: SIU Press|
"O woman, woman! upon you I call; for upon your exertions almost entirely depends whether the rising generation shall be any thing more than we have been or not. O woman, woman! your example is powerful, your influence great."?Maria W. Stewart, "An Address Delivered Before the Afric-American Female Intelligence Society of Boston" (1832) Here?in the only collection of speeches by nineteenth-century African-American women?is the battle of words these brave women waged to address the social ills of their century. While there have been some scattered references to the unique roles these early "race women" played in effecting social change, until now few scholars have considered the rhetorical strategies they adopted to develop their powerful arguments. In this chronological anthology, Shirley Wilson Logan highlights the public addresses of these women, beginning with Maria W. Stewart's speech at Franklin Hall in 1832, believed to be the first delivered to an audience of men and women by an American-born woman. In her speech, she focused on the plight of the Northern free black. Sojourner Truth spoke in 1851 at the Akron, Ohio, Women's Rights Convention not only for the rights of black women but also for the rights of all oppressed nineteenth-century women. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper struggled with the conflict between universal suffrage and suffrage for black men. Anna Julia Cooper chastised her unique audience of black Episcopalian clergy for their failure to continue the tradition of the elevation of womanhood initiated by Christianity and especially for their failure to support the struggling Southern black woman. Ida B. Wells's rhetoric targeted mob violence directed at Southern black men. Her speech was delivered less than a year after her inaugural lecture on this issue?following a personal encounter with mob violence in Memphis. Fannie Barrier Williams and Victoria Earle Matthews advocated social and educational reforms to improve the plight of Southern black women. These speeches?all delivered between 1832 and 1895?are stirring proof that, despite obstacles of race and gender, these women still had the courage to mount the platform in defense of the oppressed. Introductory essays focus on each speaker's life and rhetoric, considering the ways in which these women selected evidence and adapted language to particular occasions, purposes, and audiences in order to persuade. This analysis of the rhetorical contexts and major rhetorical tactics in the speeches aids understanding of both the speeches and the skill of the speakers. A rhetorical timeline serves as a point of reference. Historically grounded, this book provides a black feminist perspective on significant events of the nineteenth century and reveals how black women of that era influenced and were influenced by the social problems they addressed. "A government which can protect and defend its citizens from wrong and outrage and does not is vicious. A government which would do it and cannot is weak; and where human life is insecure through either weakness or viciousness in the administration of law, there must be a lack of justice, and where this is wanting nothing can make up the deficiency."?Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, "Duty to Dependent Races," National Council of Women of the United States, Washington, D.C. (1891)
|Author||: Marli Frances Weiner|
|Editor||: University of Illinois Press|
Marli Weiner challenges much of the received wisdom on the domestic realm of the nineteenth-century southern plantation--a world in which white mistresses and female slaves labored together to provide food, clothing, and medicines to the larger plantation community. Although divided by race, black and white women were joined by common female experiences and expectations of behavior. Because work and gender affected them as much as race, mistresses and female slaves interacted with one another very differently from the ways they interacted with men. Supported by the women's own words, Weiner offers fresh interpretations of the ideology of domesticity that influenced women's race relations before the Civil War, the gradual manner in which they changed during the war, and the harsher behaviors that resulted during Reconstruction. A volume in the series Women in American History, edited by Anne Firor Scott, Nancy A. Hewitt, and Stephanie Shaw
|Author||: Elizabeth Fox-Genovese|
|Editor||: UNC Press Books|
Documenting the difficult class relations between women slaveholders and slave women, this study shows how class and race as well as gender shaped women's experiences and determined their identities. Drawing upon massive research in diaries, letters, memoirs, and oral histories, the author argues that the lives of antebellum southern women, enslaved and free, differed fundamentally from those of northern women and that it is not possible to understand antebellum southern women by applying models derived from New England sources.
|Author||: Jill Fields|
In 1970, Judy Chicago and fifteen students founded the groundbreaking Feminist Art Program (FAP) at Fresno State. Drawing upon the consciousness-raising techniques of the women's liberation movement, they created shocking new art forms depicting female experiences. Collaborative work and performance art – including the famous "Cunt Cheerleaders" – were program hallmarks. Moving to Los Angeles, the FAP produced the first major feminist art installation, Womanhouse (1972). Augmented by thirty-seven illustrations and color plates, this interdisciplinary collection of essays by artists and scholars, many of whom were eye witnesses to landmark events, relates how feminists produced vibrant bodies of art in Fresno and other locales where similar collaborations flourished. Articles on topics such as African American artists in New York and Los Angeles, San Francisco’s Las Mujeres Muralistas and Asian American Women Artists Association, and exhibitions in Taiwan and Italy showcase the artistic trajectories that destabilized traditional theories and practices and reshaped the art world. An engaging editor’s introduction explains how feminist art emerged within the powerful women’s movement that transformed America. Entering the Picture is an exciting collection about the provocative contributions of feminists to American art.
|Author||: Carleton Mabee,Susan Mabee Newhouse|
|Editor||: NYU Press|
Many Americans have long since forgotten that there ever was slavery along the Hudson River. Yet Sojourner Truth was born a slave near the Hudson River in Ulster County, New York, in the late 1700s. Called merely Isabella as a slave, once freed she adopted the name of Sojourner Truth and became a national figure in the struggle for the emancipation of both blacks and women in Civil War America. Despite the discrimination she suffered as both a black and a woman, Truth significantly shaped both her own life and the struggle for human rights in America. Through her fierce intelligence, her resourcefulness, and her eloquence, she became widely acknowledged as a remarkable figure during her life, and she has become one of the most heavily mythologized figures in American history. While some of the myths about Truth have served positive functions, they have also contributed to distortions about American history, specifically about the history of blacks and women. In this landmark work, the product of years of primary research, Pulizter-Prize winning biographer Carleton Mabee has unearthed the best available sources about this remarkable woman to reconstruct her life as directly as the most original and reliable available sources permit. Included here are new insights on why she never learned to read, on the authenticity of the famous quotations attributed to her (such as Ar'n't I a woman?), her relationship to President Lincoln, her role in the abolitionist movement, her crusade to move freed slaves from the South to the North, and her life as a singer, orator, feminist and woman of faith. This is an engaging, historically precise biography that reassesses the place of Sojourner Truth—slave, prophet, legend--in American history. Sojourner Truth is one of the most famous and most mythologized figures in American history. Pulitzer-Prize-winning biographer Carleton Mabee unearths heretofore-neglected sources and offers valuable new insights into the life of a woman who, against all odds, became a central figure in the struggle for the emancipation of slaves and women in Civil War America.


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domain: entertainment


Saildrone, which made history by sending an ocean drone into the eye of a hurricane last year, is going all-in to protect the coastal areas of the US with better ocean data. Following a $100 million Series C investment in October 2021, the company is now opening a new regional HQ and operations center in St. Petersburg, Florida.
The new Florida operations center will serve as the head office for Saildrone’s ocean mapping efforts and witness the launch of several critical missions this year. These would include monitoring programs during the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season (which begins on June 1) and mapping the US coastline to improve storm surge prediction.
Additionally, Saildrone also plans to deploy maritime security missions from Florida. This would help the authorities to tackle challenging issues on the water, such as illegal fishing, which costs the global economy billions of dollars each year, and drug trafficking, which is devastating communities across the nation.
According to the Florida Ocean Alliance, Florida’s Blue Economy in coastal counties generated more than $797 billion of economic value, or 77% of the state’s more than $1 trillion economy, in a single year. As such, Saildrone has a strong interest in the region.
Richard Jenkins, Saildrone founder and CEO, explains:
New high-resolution maps of the seabed are essential to help Florida protect communities, grow its blue economy, and facilitate sustainable aquaculture and alternative energy. Uncrewed systems can do far more, with far less investment than traditional approaches, so we are excited to play a role in bringing a brighter future to Florida.
It’s worth highlighting that Saildrone has conducted fishery studies at Lake Michigan and Lake Huron also recently. The company’s 23-foot autonomous vehicles are powered by wind and solar energy and carry no people. The ocean drones are unmistakable with their 15-foot-tall bright neon-orange wing sail and weighted keel.
Read more: Google-funded ocean drones are now mining carbon data from Gulf Stream


Apple must apologize again over copycat claimsAssociated Press
LONDON— British judges say Apple needs to apologize once more for falsely claiming that South Korea’s Samsung copied its iPad, the latest embarrassing episode in the tech rivals’ world-spanning patent battle.
Apple Inc. was ordered to print an apology on its website after British judges repeatedly rejected its claim that Samsung Electronics Co. ripped off its designs when creating its own tablet computer, the Galaxy Tab.
Apple did post an apology, but judges at London’s High Court ruled Thursday that it didn’t go far enough and ordered a new one posted to its site within 48 hours.
Samsung and Apple are locked in a series of international lawsuits over alleged copyright violations, including a California case which saddled Samsung with a $1 billion fine for copying Apple’s design.
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Illinois is now the third state (along with Vermont and California) to call for a Constitutional Convention on the matter of getting money out of politics. It is something that has the people behind Wolf-Pac quite excited. They are the ones who are leading an effort to get the states to call for the convention and hopefully get some of the laws regarding unlimited spending by corporations in elections repealed.
It is a long road ahead for those who are behind these efforts. Riverrocktimes.com says to even get a Constitutional convention in the first place requires that 34 of the 50 states call for one. After that, a proposed amendment to the Constitution to ban unlimited spending by corporations would require 38 out of 50 states ratifying the amendment. That is something that has not been done in hundreds of years. However, the people behind this movement see this as the only path forward for their issue. They do not believe that elected members of the government will act on this alone.
It is a tricky issue to navigate, but having another state calling for this convention is something that is encouraging the people behind the movement. Eventually, Gianfrancesco Genoso feels like it is going to happen.

domain: sociology


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Alex Song is set to be let out on loan, with Luis Enrique struggling to find a place for him. Could Tottenham Hotspur take a punt?
Former Arsenal midfielder Alex Song is set to be allowed to leave Barcelona on loan this summer, as new boss Luis Enrique struggles to find a place for him in the side.
A report in the Telegraph suggests the 26-year-old wants a move back to the Premier League, and has named Manchester United, Tottenham and Everton as interested clubs.
The report also says that Liverpool were interested in the midfielder last season, and that the Cameroonian can leave for around £8million should a club want his services on a permanent basis.
With regard to Tottenham’s pursuit of the ex-Gunner, Southampton’s Morgan Schneiderlin is supposedly still their number one midfield target, but failure to land him will result in an approach for Song.
Having only made 39 appearances in two seasons at the Nou Camp, Song is considered surplus to requirements under new manager Luis Enrique, who has also disposed of other former Arsenal man Cesc Fabregas this summer.
Fabregas leads a long list of names who have departed the Catalans this transfer window, with Victor Valdes, Alexis Sanchez, Bojan Krkic, and Carlos Puyol all having left.
A solid holding midfielder, who is also comfortable in possession of the ball, Song would suit many a top Premier League team. Manchester United is an unlikely destination considering their midfield is in need of more attacking players as opposed to defensive ball-winners, and any talks with Spurs would provoke a negative reaction from Arsenal fans.
On paper, his best move could be a move back to Arsenal. Free for at least one season, and more of the holding nature, he could prove a quality recruitment at the Emirates.
In other news, Arsenal fans react to new David Luiz rumours

domain: sports


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domain: hobby


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First edition title page.
|Media type||Print (hardback and paperback)|
Adam Bede, the first novel written by George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Ann Evans), was published in 1859. It was published pseudonymously, even though Evans was a well-published and highly respected scholar of her time. The novel has remained in print ever since and is used in university studies of 19th-century English literature.
According to The Oxford Companion to English Literature (1967),
The story's plot follows four characters' rural lives in the fictional community of Hayslope--a rural, pastoral and close-knit community in 1799. The novel revolves around a love "rectangle" among beautiful but self-absorbed Hetty Sorrel; Captain Arthur Donnithorne, the young squire who seduces her; Adam Bede, her unacknowledged suitor; and Dinah Morris, Hetty's cousin, a fervent, virtuous and beautiful Methodist lay preacher.
Adam is a local carpenter much admired for his integrity and intelligence, in love with Hetty. She is attracted to Arthur, the local squire's charming grandson and heir, and falls in love with him. When Adam interrupts a tryst between them, Adam and Arthur fight. Arthur agrees to give up Hetty and leaves Hayslope to return to his militia. After he leaves, Hetty Sorrel agrees to marry Adam but shortly before their marriage, discovers she is pregnant. In desperation, she leaves in search of Arthur but she cannot find him. Unwilling to return to the village on account of the shame and ostracism she would have to endure, she delivers her baby with the assistance of a friendly woman she encounters. She subsequently abandons the infant in a field but not being able to bear the child's cries, she tries to retrieve the infant. However, she is too late, the infant having already died of exposure.
Hetty is caught and tried for child murder. She is found guilty and sentenced to hang. Dinah enters the prison and pledges to stay with Hetty until the end. Her compassion brings about Hetty's contrite confession. When Arthur Donnithorne, on leave from the militia for his grandfather's funeral, hears of her impending execution, he races to the court and has the sentence commuted to transportation.
Ultimately, Adam and Dinah, who gradually become aware of their mutual love, marry and live peacefully with his family.
The importance of Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads to the way Adam Bede is written has often been noted. Like its model, Adam Bede features minutely detailed empirical and psychological observations about illiterate "common folk" who, because of their greater proximity to nature than to culture, are taken as emblematic of human nature in its more pure form. So behind its humble appearance this is a novel of great ambition.
Genre painting and the novel arose together as middle-class art forms and retained close connections until the end of the nineteenth century. According to Richard Stang, it was a French treatise of 1846 on Dutch and Flemish painting that first popularised the application of the term realism to fiction. Stang, The Theory of the Novel in England, p. 149, refers to Arsène Houssaye, Histoire de la peinture flamande et hollandaise (1846; 2d ed., Paris: Jules Hetzel, 1866). Houssaye speaks (p, 179) of Terborch's "gout tout hollandais, empreint de poesie realiste", and argues that "l'oeuvre de Gerard de Terburg est le roman intime de la Hollande, comme l'oeuvre de Gerard Dow en est le roman familiere.", and certainly it is with Dutch, Flemish, and English genre painting that George Eliot's realism is most often compared. She herself invites the comparison in chapter 17 of Adam Bede, and Mario Praz applies it to all her works in his study of The Hero in Eclipse in Victorian Fiction.
Immediately recognised as a significant literary work, Adam Bede has enjoyed a largely positive critical reputation since its publication. An anonymous review in The Athenaeum in 1859 praised it as a "novel of the highest class," and The Times called it "a first-rate novel." An anonymous review by Anne Mozley was the first to identify that the novel was probably written by a woman. Contemporary reviewers, often influenced by nostalgia for the earlier period represented in Bede, enthusiastically praised Eliot's characterisations and realistic representations of rural life. Charles Dickens wrote: :"The whole country life that the story is set in, is so real, and so droll and genuine, and yet so selected and polished by art, that I cannot praise it enough to you." (Hunter, S. 122) In fact, in early criticism, the tragedy of infanticide has often been overlooked in favour of the peaceful idyllic world and familiar personalities Eliot recreated. Other critics have been less generous. Henry James, among others, resented the narrator's interventions. In particular, Chapter 15 has fared poorly among scholars because of the author's/narrator's moralising and meddling in an attempt to sway readers' opinions of Hetty and Dinah. Other critics have objected to the resolution of the story. In the final moments, Hetty, about to be executed for infanticide, is saved by her seducer, Arthur Donnithorne. Critics have argued that this deus ex machina ending negates the moral lessons learned by the main characters. Without the eleventh hour reprieve, the suffering of Adam, Arthur, and Hetty would have been more realistically concluded. In addition, some scholars feel that Adam's marriage to Dinah is another instance of the author's/narrator's intrusiveness. These instances have been found to directly conflict with the otherwise realistic images and events of the novel.
In 1991, the BBC produced a television version of Adam Bede starring Iain Glen, Patsy Kensit, Susannah Harker, James Wilby and Julia McKenzie. It was aired as part of the Masterpiece Theatre anthology in 1992.
In 2001, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation of the novel with Katherine Igoe as Hetty, Vicki Liddelle as Dinah, Thomas Arnold and Crawford Logan as Mr Irwine. This adaptation was later re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra in a fifteen-part version of 15-minute episodes.

domain: artistic


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In Japan, as soon as the month of April enters, a new scene blossoms — quite literally. Streets are peppered with pretty pink cherry blossoms, landscapes turn lush green and the smell of sweet, dewy fresh petals fill the air. What a happy and blissful time of the year! If only you could bottle up this moment and relive it anytime, right? Well, many Japanese perfumers already have.
Spring is so iconic in Japan that countless local fragrances are made with this season in mind. The extensive spring-inspired perfume selections can also be attributed to the Japanese's love for fresh, sweet scents. Believe it or not, having a pungent smell, especially in the workplace, can count as harassment in Japan. Sume-hara, which means "smell harassment", is an offence that's taken seriously. And it's not just about having body odour, it can also refer to wearing strong headache-inducing perfumes or fabric softeners. To play it safe, subtle scents such as those inspired by the spring season are preferred by the locals.
If you share a penchant for fresh, light scents, keep reading to know beloved Japanese perfumes that smell like spring.
Floral: Sakura by Miya Shinma
Japanese perfumer Miya Shinma now lives in France but she always has a soft spot for her heritage. In an interview with Magazin GF Luxury, she shares that her "essence" will always be based in Japan, her country of birth. This must explain why all of her perfumes are rooted in Japanese traditions. The Sakura By Miya Shinma, in particular, is heavily inspired by the tradition of hanami or flower viewing. It's a perfume that encapsulates the happy and whimsical vibe of spring in Japan. Curiously, it doesn't feature sakura extracts. Instead, it uses rose essences, citrus notes, peony extracts and musk. All these notes together create a scent described by patrons as "fruity and floral in a very fresh way."
Floral-Woody: L’Eau d’Issey Pure Nectar de Parfum
A scent that will remind you of the first days of spring, the L’Eau d’Issey Pure Nectar de Parfum was inspired by the nectar of blooming flowers. If you examine the bottle closely, you'll see that it resembles a drop which is supposedly an homage to the way nectar is suspended on petals for a brief moment. Flower extract is also the heart of this perfume. It uses sweet rose essence as its main source of fragrance, topped with honey pear and creamy sandalwood. Blogger and perfume lover Laura Ferry characterises this subtle Japanese perfume as the scent that "will bridge the gap between those who love fresh scents and those who are indifferent to them."


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At a recent meeting, a member of our stake presidency handed me a report of a study that had to do with the relationship between happiness and divorce. Sounds like two polar opposites, right?
The study followed couples who were experiencing a lot of tension in their marriages, some who got divorced and some who did not. Then they followed up five years later. And their findings were pretty interesting.
Of the couples who hung on, who got through there difficulties, and did not divorce, 65 percent reported that they were happier five years later. On the other hand, among those individuals who got divorced, 19 percent reported that they felt happier five years down the road.
I wouldn’t advocate hanging on to a marriage when there is repeated, unresolved trouble with any form of abuse, addiction or infidelity. There are circumstances that warrant divorce, I am sorry to say.
However, where there is no abuse or addiction or infidelity, or these problems are resolved, but there is still contention and misunderstanding and pride, I believe these situations can be helped. Problems can be solved and peace can be restored. And those couples who have the foresight to ride out the storms—and we all go through those storms—wind up being happier later in life.
One thing that I have heard over and over from individuals who have been divorced for 15 or 20 years is that most of them (though certainly not all) regret getting divorced. Later in life, they see a better pathway than the exit strategy they took earlier.
If you are unhappy in your marriage, reach out for help. Swallow your fear and reluctance and get some advice or counseling. Start by getting advice from your Heavenly Father, then seek help from your religious leader, if you have one. The next step will likely be professional counseling or some other form of therapy.
Address your issues. Don’t let them fester. No matter what problems your spouse has, you are part of the problem, too. The sooner we all recognize that we have a hand in our own misery, the sooner we will find answers and start feeling better about ourselves and our marriages.
“If I had a formula for bypassing trouble, I would not pass it round. Trouble creates a capacity to handle it. I don’t embrace trouble; that’s as bad as treating it as an enemy. But I do say, meet it as a friend, for you’ll see a lot of it and had better be on speaking terms with it.” —Oliver Wendell Holmes
A good marriage, and the children who live under its protection, is worth more than any job or self-fulfillment or independence or a heap of gold, no matter how high that heap is. We all want peace and happiness, but how we seek it will also determine if it has any staying power.

domain: psychology


New Royal Enfield Bullet 350 to make its debut in market, Check Specifications
The latest next-generation Bullet 350 is about to be introduced in the market, and Royal Enfield is aggressively upgrading and extending its line-up in the nation. Currently, the Royal Enfield Bullet 350 is the brand’s most economical bike. The outdated 346cc UCE engine is only found in the Bullet 350 motorcycle. Here is everything we currently know about the bike, even though its Indian premiere is anticipated to happen this year. The new 349cc J-Platform engine, which is also used in other Royal Enfield motorcycles including the Classic 350 and the Meteor 350, will now power the new Royal Enfield Bullet 350.
Recently, teasers for the impending, completely new Royal Enfield Hunter 350 have been released on the company’s social media accounts. One of the most recent teasers, however, included posters featuring Siddharth Lal’s image and the tagline “Bullet Meri Jaan.” Therefore, this means that the new Royal Enfield Bullet 350 is arriving as soon as in the next few hours. The company’s J-platform, which is also the platform used by the Meteor 350 and the new Classic 350, will be used by the next-generation Bullet, which has been the cheapest up until now. The two are now significantly more refined thanks to this improvement in terms of performance and built as well.
This engine’s current configuration produces 20.2 horsepower and 27 Nm of maximum torque when paired with a five-speed manual transmission. It is anticipated that the engine’s specifications would be exactly the same in the future Bullet 350. It is anticipated that the engine’s specifications would be exactly the same in the future Bullet 350. While the current model of the motorcycle starts at Rs. 1.48 lakh (ex-showroom, Delhi), we anticipate the price of the next-generation Royal Enfield Bullet 350 will begin at around Rs. 1.6-1.7 lakh (ex-showroom). In contrast to the present model, the upcoming Bullet 250 is anticipated to include an electric start as a standard feature and may only come in one type.


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Snipi, Inc. Launches New System for Social ShoppingUnique Platform Offers Simple Way to Organize, Discover and Share the Internet (May 11, 2009)
PHILADELPHIA, PA -- (Marketwire) -- 05/11/09 -- Snipi, Inc. (http://www.snipi.com) today announced the launch of a new online system for social shopping that empowers the individual's shopping experience. Consisting of Snipi.com, the Snipi Toolbar (a free Firefox add-on), and the Snipi iPhone application, this system makes it easy for users to organize products, photos and videos and instantly share them with friends and family via Snipi.com, Twitter, Facebook, Wordpress and other social networks.
Most shopping sites are destination only. In these cases, the user must navigate away from the retailer's site, forcing the user to move back and forth between the retailer and the social shopping network. The key component of Snipi is its unparalleled drag and drop Toolbar technology. The Toolbar enables shoppers to literally drag and drop products from any retailer's website while having access to compare and share functionalities, all without leaving the webpage they are on.
"There is so much information on the Internet and no simple way to organize it," said Andre Golsorkhi, CEO and founder of Snipi, Inc. "We created this solution as a way to give consumers an easy way to organize, discover and share their shopping experiences."
The Toolbar also allows users to capture, organize and share photos as well as videos from Youtube and Vimeo using the same drag and drop technology used for products. All content captured in the Toolbar is also stored on Snipi.com and can be optionally "Tweeted," sent to Facebook and Wordpress, and viewed through the Snipi iPhone application.
"We wanted to extend the drag and drop features of Snipi to enable consumers to engage in other organizing and sharing activities, beyond just shopping," said Golsorkhi. "This provides a unique and complementary service to our users while creating more distribution opportunities for Snipi."
As users drag and drop products, photos and videos, the Toolbar automatically captures and unifies content, leaving less manual work for the user. Users can also drag and drop text directly into the Toolbar, eliminating the need to copy and paste details and descriptions.
With the free iPhone application, users can easily carry product information and price comparisons directly to retailers, eliminating the line between online and offline shopping and giving even more power to the on-the-go shopper. The iPhone application also provides access to the photos and videos that were dragged into the Toolbar and saved on Snipi.com.
By joining the Snipi community, users can receive product and product list suggestions based on the individual consumer's tastes and the network's activity. However, users don't have to socialize with other members to enjoy the benefits.
"The focus here is on product discovery rather than people discovery," added Golsorkhi. "When people snip, it empowers them to control and organize their own, personal shopping experience.
"Empowering the consumer goes beyond just helping individuals organize, share, and discover content, it also entails helping retailers and publishers tailor and distribute their content by individual interests. Ultimately, we want interaction with Snipi to translate into more personalized shopping experiences for online and offline shoppers."
About Snipi, Inc.
Snipi, Inc. is the developer of a patent-pending system for social shopping in the online retail market which includes Snipi.com, the Snipi Toolbar and the Snipi iPhone app. Founded in 2007, Snipi, Inc. empowers the individual's shopping experience and will become the leading Internet platform brand for all stakeholders: the consumer, the retailer and the advertiser. For more information, visit www.snipi.com.
LevLane Public Relations
Copyright @ Marketwire
Related Keywords: Snipi.com, Marketwire, Inc., Apple Computer, Internet Technology, Internet, Family, Other,


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The festive events include the beauty contest and agility trials of Turkmen alabay dogs.
On January 25, President of Turkmenistan Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov visited a number of construction sites in Ashgabat and inspected the preparations for Turkmen Alabay Day celebrations, the Turkmenistan Today News Agency reports.
President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov supported the decision to combine the festive events marking Turkmen Alabay Day and Turkmen Horse Day. Chairman of the Türkmen alabaý itleri International Association Serdar Berdimuhamedov reported to the Turkmen leader on the festive events, which would take place on the last Sunday of April.
The official said that the beauty contest and agility trials of Turkmen alabay dogs would be held on that day. The jury that would choose the winner of the competitions should consist of experts who had extensive experience, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov said.
The Turkmen leader instructed that a festive exhibition should feature the works of sculptors, painters and jewellers depicting the unique qualities of the Turkmen dog breed. The beauty contest winner will receive the title Ýylyň türkmen edermen alabaýy.

domain: news


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You are here
China manufacturing activity expands more than expected in November: official PMI
[BEIJING] Activity in China's manufacturing sector expanded more than expected in November, and at the fastest pace in more than two years, an official survey showed on Thursday.
The official Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) stood at 51.7 in November, compared with the previous month's 51.2 and above the 50-point mark that separates growth from contraction on a monthly basis.
The reading was the highest since July 2014, when it also stood at 51.7.
Analysts polled by Reuters had predicted a reading of 51.0, pointing to a modest expansion in November as industrial firms continued to benefit from higher producer prices and a recovery in demand.
China's economy expanded at a steady 6.7 per cent in the third quarter and looks set to hit Beijing's full-year target, fuelled by stronger government spending, record bank lending and a red-hot property market that are adding to its growing pile of debt.


Novice singer looking for beginning band
Hey there. I'm a person who loves music, writing lyrics, and singing. I want to start a band with creative, and enthusiastic people. If you're new to making music, or been around a while and you love music, then let's make something good for audiences to enjoy.
I'm a 17 year old girl with a dream of creating a band and performing and making that what I do for living. My name is Raven but I prefer to be called by Ray. I'm in love with rock and heavy-metal, been listening to it and singing it for.. read more »
Posted 3 weeks ago by NitryOnxy, 65 views.
..... im a 16 year old trombone player looking for a band to jam with. i’ve been playing for 3 years and i’m really good. i can play anything from jazz to pop genres so if it can be played on a trombone i can play it. i also have some experience.. read more »
Posted 2 months ago by timiaa, 71 views.
We are a slow-core, dream-pop, indie band looking for a drummer to play our songs for shows and possibly record/write music with. Please respond with links to your own playing, a brief description of your style and how long you've been playing/brief.. read more »
Posted 1 month ago by BlackMelanite, 52 views.
Hello, I am looking to start a deathcore/metalcore band in Philadelphia. I’m looking for teens, maybe from 13-17, as I am 13 myself. I’m a vocalist, and I have been practicing for months. I can do any screams, and I’m not the best, but not the.. read more »
Posted 6 months ago by Billy_1215, 284 views.


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Creative writing workshop: Celebrating Stories with VSA Heritage
Stories connect us, inspire us and shape our world. Come and write yours! As part of VSA’s 150th anniversary celebrations, these sessions provide a safe, friendly space for complete beginners and those who may be ‘interested-but-unsure’ to grow your writing confidence. With support from an experienced writing facilitator, you will begin to tell your tales on the page through a series of short writing exercises and leave with your own written piece. Come to one workshop or come to both – this could be the beginning of great things!

domain: literature


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LYLE COCKTAIL OTTOMAN
This cocktail ottoman features a smooth upholstered top that is perfect for resting a tray for serving or decorative accessories. Carved exposed wood accents the base and legs. The legs have small decorative casters.
The T664-T1 wood tray is sized to be used with the 1654-20, 1604-20, 1609-20, 1629-20 Cocktail Ottomans.
Overall: W52.5 x D39 x H19
◊ Also Available in Leather
◊ Casters Standard, All Legs. Also Available without Casters: see 1609-20.
◊ Tight Seat
◊ Nail-head Trim: N/A
Also Available: T664-T1 Tray (W38 D24 H3.5, Available in Cognac finish only; MUST be ordered separately)

domain: design


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Federal agents have begun searching for a Texas border man who went on the run instead of appearing in federal court for sentencing. German Garcia Cano was previously convicted for his role in bribing county commissioners in exchange for lucrative contracts.
Two Maverick County Commissioners, several county employees and contractors have been convicted in connection with a deeply rooted corruption system where the bidding process was rigged to ensure that only those paying bribes received contracts, as Breitbart Texas previously reported.
Last week, 55-year-old German Garcia Cano, a Mexican national living in San Antonio resident missed his sentencing hearing in Del Rio. U.S. District Court Judge Alia Moses then signed a bench warrant for his arrest, information provided to Breitbart Texas by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) revealed.
Cano had been convicted in October on one count of bribing an entity receiving federal funds. He is described in court records as the owner of GGC Enterprises, a heavy equipment leasing business in Von Ormy, Texas.
Cano has ties to Mexico as well as other parts of Texas where could have fled there to avoid his sentence, the FBI said.
As Breitbart Texas has previously reported, corruption along the Texas border has been widespread and deeply ingrained leading the FBI to start a public corruption task force to address the problem. In the border city of Progreso, the former mayor, school board president and their father have all been sentenced to federal prison for their role in manipulating the bidding process in order to extort bribes from contractors. In another case of corruption several campaign workers from the border city of Donna have been sent to prison for buying votes with bags of cocaine, beer cans, cigarettes and cash in a case that a Chief U.S. District Judge called “disgusting”, Breitbart Texas previously reported. Most recently Breitbart Texas has been reporting on the school board in Donna where a series of deals and vendettas have been taking place in an effort to benefit certain individuals such as the hiring of a convicted felon as the school attorney at a salary of more than $300,000.

domain: geography


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Sayonara summer means the shorter, cooler days of autumn are nearly upon us, complete with those pesky change-of-season bugs.
The seasonal shift can give you more vulnerable to illness if the immune system isn’t at its best, particularly with cold, flu and allergy season near.
Follow our tips for super strong immunity that may help you sail over the colder months.
1. Year, new produce
Fruit and veggies are nutritional powerhouses in the case of protecting health and boosting our immunity processes and autumn means a superb array of new in-season produce.
Change your focus to warming spices, soups, and roasted vegetables with colourful beets, pumpkin, carrots, yams, zucchinis and eggplant. And acquire fruity with figs, grapefruit, oranges and pears.
Don’t forget your gut health, that is also a vital part of this immune system.
Up your probiotic intake through yoghurts and fermented food (and drinks) like kefir, sauerkraut, tempeh and kimchi.
2. Supplement your health
Our bodies become depleted of certain vitamins and minerals when we’re unwell, which causes topping them up a consideration for tip-top health.
Certain herbs and nutrients can also help reduce landlords should regularly we get struck down having cold in addition to shorten the severity and period of symptoms if we do catch one.
Echinacea, andrographis and olive leaf have shown to help fight upper respiratory system infections and studies have also found vit c and zinc play important roles in immune defence.
3. Exercise outdoors
Not only is autumn weather usually better for training outside – no hot northerlies and fierce sun – yet the kids have settled into school and work is in hand, making it easier to make time.
Daily exercise means you may be 25 per cent probably not going to develop symptoms of seasonal affective disorder, which results in less depression less overeating.
4. Manifest as a morning lark
Saying goodbye to the extra evening hours when daylight saving ends hurts, but making the most of the morning can do our health an abundance of good.
Studies show night owls eat more kilojoules in the evening, more takeaway food, fewer fruits and vegetables and weigh around people who go to bed earlier and rouse earlier.
So ditch late nights for early autumn mornings to embrace a healthier version of you!
5. Collect on sleep
With its cooler temperatures, autumn is also a great season to find up on sleep, particularly with science backing this wives’ tale that lack of sleep makes you prone to getting sick.
US research reveals sleep deprivation prevents our natural immunity from accumulating its forces, resulting in less protection against bugs and illnesses.
Just remember, the better late nights you pull, the more likely you are to reduce body’s capability to respond to colds or infections. So tuck in for your eight hours and sleep tight!
This post is brought to you by BioCeuticals. Contact a local Chemist Warehouse store to examine availability.
Always read the label, click on the directions for use. If symptoms worsen or change, confer with your health care professional. Vitamin and mineral supplements need not replace a stable diet.

domain: biology


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I poured a Loire cab franc at an event recently and suggested that it would go well with fatty food, some roasted chicken perhaps. Someone asked, “How bout fries?”
I’d never thought about pairing wine with fries! So, I ask you, is it … impossible?!? Hit the comments with your suggestions! And please note whether your wine suggestion considers either ketchup or mustard–or (UPDATE, for European readers) mayo!

domain: food


Pichu Alpaca Sweater
Luxury Alpaca Wool Sweater
Design: The raglan sleeve constructed Pichu sweater uses the softest alpaca fiber from the Peru Highlands. Hand loomed by local artisans provides the perfect statement piece.
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Impact: The alpaca are humanely raised and farmed to enhance the eco-system, including promoting bio diversity within the herds. Ethical and Fair Trade certified.
In stock at the following locations:
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Our mission is to CHANGE MORE THAN YOUR WARDROBE. We strive to be the best option for thoughtfully designed garments with style and purpose. We want to make it easy for every person to express their individuality through style while having a positive impact. We want you to look good, feel good, and do good.


A pipe dredger is equipment used in the dredging process that focuses on maintaining the depth of the navigation channel or berthing areas for ensuring the safe passage for ships and boats. There are mechanical and hydraulic pipe dredgers that are used in applications such as dredge pipelines, water transportation, floating cable, aquaculture breeding, and other applications.This growth is primarily driven by Growing Need for Pipe Dredgers for Marien Applications, Demand for and Increasing Waterway Depth in the Waters and Need for Removing the Accumulated Debris.
Globally, a noticeable market trend is evident Rising Use of Mechanical Pipe Dredgers in Various Applications. Major Manufacturers, such as Damen Shipyards Group (Netherlands), AMERICAN Cast Iron Pipe Company (United States), Naylor Pipe Co. (United States), Arntzen Corporation (United States), Kuzeyboru Company (Turkey), Dixon Group Europe Ltd (United Kingdom), KIASMA GROUP (Italy) and Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation (United States) etc have either set up their manufacturing facilities or are planning to start new provision in the dominated region in the upcoming years.
Key Developments in the Market:
On 17th September 2020, Damen Shipyards Group launched a Marine Aggregate Dredger (MAD) 3500 at its Galati yard in Romania. Damen is building the MAD for UK-based Hanson. The company will use the vessel to conduct offshore aggregate extraction in water depths up to -55 meters in the North Sea and the English Channel.
On 19th May 2020, Damen Shipyards Group has signed an agreement with Korean yard Hanjin Heavy Industries and Construction (HHIC) to deliver a complete components package. The package includes all equipment for oil recovery operations as well as a complete dredging installation. The multi-purpose vessel will primarily act as an oil recovery vessel and will undertake work as a hopper dredger when not tending to emergencies.
- Growing Need for Pipe Dredgers for Marien Applications
- Demand for
- Increasing Waterway Depth in the Waters and Need for Removing the Accumulated Debris
- Rising Use of Mechanical Pipe Dredgers in Various Applications
- Handling and Maintenance related Problems with Pipe Dredger
Surging Demand for Pipe Dredger from the Developing Nations and Increasing Spendings on the Waterways Clearance will Boost the Pipe Dredger Market
Availability of Low-Quality Pipe Dredger in the Market
AdvanceMarketAnalytics follow a focused and realistic research framework that provides the ability to study the crucial market dynamics in several regions across the world. Moreover, an in-depth assessment is mostly conducted by our analysts on geographical regions to provide clients and businesses the opportunity to dominate in niche markets and expand in emerging markets across the globe. This market research study also showcase the spontaneously changing Manufacturers landscape impacting the growth of the market. Furthermore, our market researchers extensively analyse the products and services offered by multiple players competing to increase their market share and presence.
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AMA Research & Media features not only specific market forecasts, but also include significant value-added commentary on:
Technological Trends and Innovations
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Jeremiah 10:6-7; Jeremiah 10:10; Jeremiah 10:12-13
, there is no one like you! For you are great, and your name is full of power.
Who would not fear you, O King of nations? That title belongs to you alone! Among all the wise people of the earth and in all the kingdoms of the world, there is no one like you.
But the is the only true God. He is the living God and the everlasting King! The whole earth trembles at his anger. The nations cannot stand up to his wrath.
But the made the earth by his power, and he preserves it by his wisdom. With his own understanding he stretched out the heavens.
When he speaks in the thunder, the heavens roar with rain. He causes the clouds to rise over the earth. He sends the lightning with the rain and releases the wind from his storehouses.

domain: library


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Both of Leah Messer's exes are reportedly over her drama and Teen Mom 2
Leah Messer's exes reportedly want to get away from her so badly, they're willing to opt out of Teen Mom 2 and any money the show may bring.
According to Life & Style magazine, Messer's ex, Corey Simms, has already quit the show, and her other ex, Jeremy Calvert, isn't that far behind. Both men are said to be sick of all the drama Messer brings to their lives.
Unfortunately for the two guys, there's no getting rid of Messer from their lives entirely, since each man shares kids with the reality star. Messer has two twin daughters with Simms, Aliannah and Aleeah, and a daughter, Adalynn, with Calvert.
Messer is also reportedly moving on from the men. Life & Style reports she's already moved in with her new boyfriend, T.R. Dues.
Simms and Messer were most recently in a custody dispute, which ended with Simms ordering Messer to get a drug test. She passed with flying colors.
Simms has also been very vocal about his opinion that Messer is an unfit mother. "It feels like we both have little chips on our shoulders, and we can't stand each other; because that's how I feel, I'm sure that you feel the same."
Ultimately, though, Simms said he just wants to do what is best for his twin daughters.
But all the custody stress and public criticism saw Messer head back to rehab for a chance to regroup after dealing with depression.
She also took a 70-week hiatus from Instagram, which was probably an attempt to escape all of the online hate.

domain: celebrity


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This beautiful dress was hand sewn by the ladies in our program.
The attention to detail and quality of this dress is phenomenal.
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These were unsettled times, with the Great War a matter of weeks from declaration, but political tension was no obstacle to one of the most gripping of all motor races. A century has passed since Peugeot – or, rather, Georges Boillot – fought Mercedes in the French Grand Prix
Writer Paul Fearnley
Otto Merz, an ex-Daimler apprentice mechanic and future winner of a German Grand Prix for Mercedes-Benz, turned 25 in June 1914. Although his need for speed had been tempered by the recent unexpected deaths of two previous employers – one a former racing driver, the other a wealthy advocate of this new and exciting sport – his mind might easily have wandered to the forthcoming French GP as the motorcade trundled along Appel Quay by Sarajevo’s River Miljacka. Until, that is, the grenade rolled beneath his wheels.
Chauffeur Merz emerged unscathed from the assassination attempt, but his passengers were among those injured. Intended target Archduke Franz Ferdinand had also escaped – the grenade bounced off his car and under Merz’s – but his insistence that he visit the unfortunates in hospital handed plotters another pot-shot at infamy. His car caught reversing on a narrow street after a wrong turning, the Habsburg heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire was a sitting, plump and ostentatiously plumed duck for Gavrilo Princip’s semi-automatic pistol.
Though this would prove to be the Great War’s trigger, Europe was not plunged immediately into chaos – even Viennese reaction was initially indifferent – and a July brimful of hopeful diplomacy lay ahead. Relations between France and Germany had been particularly fractious since the latter’s victory in the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War and annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, but several threats to European peace had been averted since.
It’s erroneous, therefore, to suggest that the huge, mainly French yet surprisingly cosmopolitan crowd that lined the 23-mile road circuit south of Lyon just six days later (July 4) did so in the knowledge that war was both inevitable and imminent. Although subsequent events would colour this race, its battle between Peugeot and Mercedes – though a metaphor for Third Republic versus Second Reich and Belle Époque versus bellicose Kaiser – had its own compelling contexts: innovation versus conservatism, plus impetuous, charismatic Georges Louis Frédéric Boillot versus imperturbable, pragmatic Christian Friedrich Lautenschlager.
It was all there – in blue and white.
It had form, too. Six years previously, Mercedes and Benz had forced the once-dominant French manufacturers into undignified retreat at Dieppe. Of those that agreed a motor sports ceasefire, only Lorraine-Dietrich (briefly), Darracq (as part of the STD Group of the 1920s) and (69 years later) Renault would return to GP racing’s front line. Bayard-Clément, Berliet, Brasier, Hotchkiss, Léon Bollée, Motobloc and Panhard et Levassor were missing in action, presumed dead. Mors and Porthos, meanwhile, went to the wall.
Les Charlatans, however, vowed to fight on. D’Artagnan-like Boillot, a trained mechanic, joined like-minded racers Jules Goux – they were born eight months apart in Valentigney, Peugeot’s original Swiss-border home – and Milanese Paul Zuccarelli in hiring Geneva-born designer Ernest Henry to bolster, codify and draft their ideas. The result was a comet of a car – lighter, smaller and more efficient – that rendered chain driven behemoths extinct from 1912 by blueprinting future racing engines: twin overhead camshafts operating four inclined valves per cylinder within a hemispherical head.
Built in a Parisian skunk works by hand-picked mechanics, it proved successful on both sides of the Atlantic: Boillot won consecutive French GPs and Goux, allegedly fortified by slugs of champagne at pitstops, won the 1913 Indianapolis 500.
These results, however, were achieved in the absence of a works Mercedes team.
Content to rest on its laurels after 1908, Mercedes persuaded other German manufacturers to extend the boycott until 1913. In August that year it contested the less important GP de France, organised by L’Automobile Club de l’Ouest rather than the national governing body, and was beaten by Delage in Peugeot’s absence. Important lessons had been learned, however, and no fewer than five heavily revised Mercedes, plus a training car, arrived at Lyon. Peugeot had three plus a spare.
This was racing on a war footing.
Stuttgart’s challenger, type 18/100, was designed by Gottlieb Daimler’s son Paul to be a simplified Peugeot. It too featured a 4.5-litre – this was the first GP with a stipulated capacity limit – in-line four with four valves per cylinder inclined at 60 degrees in a hemi head. But there the similarities ended.
Using its experience of aero-engines, Mercedes opted for a single overhead camshaft, exposed rockers and separate steel cylinders wrapped in light, welded steel water jackets.
Its five main bearings were plain and pressure lubricated – a superior method to its rival’s innovative but hit-and-miss dry sump – whereas Peugeot’s two-piece crank ran in three ball bearings within a barrel case.
The French car, type EX5, was arguably too advanced. Inherent benefits of its engine’s architecture were compromised by a 3000rpm limit caused by laboured breathing due to poor port design and the lack of ram effect from valve overlap. Given the prevailing performance parameters – unscientific cam profiles, crank imbalances, fragile valve springs and temperamental spark plugs – Mercedes’ approach, with its three plugs per cylinder and room for a fourth, was entirely adequate and promised better reliability.
Henry, though also renowned for introducing (at the same time as Duesenberg) the straight-eight engine to racing in the immediate post-WWI period, had a better grasp of suspension design. His Peugeots handled well, a Hotchkiss drive and front and rear springs positioned in line helping to reduce oversteer. But his decision to place engine and gearbox within a separate U-frame – to shield their innards from stresses caused by chassis flex, albeit at a cost to overall rigidity – came home to roost when the addition of front-wheel brakes increased unsprung weight.
Mercedes shunned front-wheel brakes and so perhaps lost out on the approach to Lyon’s many corners, but better low-down torque gave it an accelerative edge – despite carrying an extra 25-30kg according to the pre-race pésage. Meanwhile, the stiffness generated by bolting engine directly to frame, and bolstered by a cross-member behind the gearbox, provided reassuring stability on the eight-mile switchback straight that comprised most of the return leg.
The Peugeot was more rakish, its spare tyres slotted longitudinally within a long, shapely tail, yet the Mercedes, with its V-shaped prow and spare tyres mounted widthways and lower – less streamlined but better for the CoG – was able to maintain a higher top speed. The latter’s precisely tuned double shock absorbers were of greater benefit than Peugeot’s front-wheel brakes.
Mercedes was better prepared, too. Its engineers and drivers had made several visits to the circuit, the first as early as January, before some race cars were completed in time to test there prior to an early-April curfew. Its calculated response to this hard-won knowledge was to shorten the chassis, dock the tail (to save weight), spread the gear ratios and optimise the suspension’s settings for the cambered roads.
Peugeot was complacent in comparison. Official practice was in short supply – two 90-minute sessions from an ungodly 3.30am on June 15 and 17 – and announced at such short notice that Boillot and Goux dashed from Paris having just returned from Indianapolis (where Delage defeated them). What home advantage there was had been frittered away.
But Boillot was Boillot. Oozing flair, darling Georges calmed local fears with a brilliant opening lap. Passing the four cars ahead of him – released in pairs at 30-second intervals from 8am – he led on road and clock at the end of the first lap. According to The Autocar: “His name was murmured almost caressingly by the thousands of his fellow countrymen.”
Until debutant Max Sailer popped up.
The youngest member of the Mercedes quintet – an engineer who would play a key role with the Silver Arrows of the 1930s – had overtaken nine yet still led Boillot by 18 seconds. This was no fluke. Sailer recorded the race’s fastest lap – 20min 06sec (69.65mph) – on lap four and led by almost three minutes after five, having passed a bemused Boillot on the road. The Frenchman, hardly one to play a waiting game, seemingly had no answer.
This, however, was not the first incidence of a designated hare drawing the opposition into an unwise chase. Though Mercedes had issued strict orders about pit work and tyre changes, its drivers were free to race – and Sailer was happy to rub sniffy Lautenschlager’s nose in it.
Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft through and through – he had joined as a 22-year-old machinist in 1899 – Lautenschlager was a serious Swabian. With a fearsome handlebar moustache – Boillot’s was unkempt – perched on an impassive top lip, photographs of him, even in victory, exude a forbidding air. After his win at Dieppe in 1908, he returned to his role as chief test driver at Stuttgart and, so it’s said, adopted a supercilious manner.
Lautenschlager certainly felt upstart Sailer to be too full of himself and too hasty at the wheel – and told him so. That moustache probably camouflaged a wry smile as he passed his more inexperienced team-mate after a conrod collapsed, on lap six. For a man dressed in white aboard a charging white car, Lautenschlager made for a great pantomime villain.
Boillot was again the leading man, despite a swift pit stop on lap four. He stopped again on lap five to switch from steel-studded non-skids to grooved Dunlops. He had previously pronounced himself delighted with the circuit – its surface (at the hairpins) reinforced with concrete and dust damped by tons of calcium chloride – yet now he seemed uncertain about tyre choice. He would switch again before his race was over. Mercedes, on Continentals, had resolved to make a single stop at halfway, barring punctures. And stuck to it, in the main.
Lautenschlager, drawn at 28, was eighth on aggregate after the first lap, more than a minute behind Boillot, but was second by the end of the sixth, having halved that deficit. And he wasn’t alone.
The hand of fate had put three Mercedes in the final starting positions. Of them, Belgium’s Théodore Pilette, the last of 37 starters representing 13 works teams – there had been only 20 and eight at Amiens in 1913 – made the fastest start and suffered the earliest retirement: a broken transmission. But on-loan Frenchman Louis Wagner and Otto Salzer – 17th and 28th after busy opening laps – continued to make stealthy progress up the order.
This gradual pincer movement was made more insidious by the fact that Boillot would never see his tormentors. Though Goux – no mug yet no match this time for an inspired team-mate – briefly mixed it with Lautenschlager, even passing him on one occasion, he was unable to stem the build-up of German might.
Boillot was alone. Outnumbered.
He responded with his fastest lap – 20min 20sec on lap seven – before again pitting for new rubber. Though he did not lose his lead, it was frantic stuff, his cornering “daring in the extreme”. Delage, Fiat and Swiss marque Piccard-Pictet were also using front-wheel brakes, but theirs were not as effective as Peugeot’s. At least that’s how Boillot, all daring and dash, made it appear.
Lautenschlager, hauling muscularly on the handbrake, appeared unhurried in comparison, the engine note of the Mercedes less urgent than Peugeot’s. His halfway stop for fuel and four tyres at the end of lap 10 was two minutes slower than it ought to have been – Salzer managed the process in a minute flat – but at least it was scheduled, unlike Boillot’s on lap 12.
This was method versus controlled madness.
It still seemed as though Boillot might work his magic, for he held the gap at beyond two minutes from laps 12 to 16. That lead, however, was far from healthy: his front brakes were fried and his engine cooked and misfiring. Compensating for these problems caused Boillot another stop for tyres, on lap 17, and Lautenschlager, who had briefly lost second place to Wagner while he again diced with Goux, closed to within 14 seconds.
In 1912, Boillot had made a late stop to use a tyre lever to straighten selector forks (his clutch had been inoperative for many laps) and free a seizing UJ – yet won by more than 13 minutes.
In 1913, he won despite ignition trouble, which cost him an early lead, and a water leak that caused a nervy, six-minute pit stop with three laps to run. But there would be no time for miracles in 1914.
As “an anxiety fell upon the crowd”, Lautenschlager set his fastest lap to take the lead, while Salzer passed Goux to make it three Mercedes in the top four.
Second-placed Boillot began the final lap with a 16-second advantage over Wagner, who was recovering after shredding his tyres, but only made it as far as the circuit’s southerly tip. Some said that his back axle broke, others that his propshaft failed, but chances are that a snapped valve lay at the root of his retirement.
Undoubtedly there were tears of release after seven hours of exertion. Boillot had given it his all and more – the steering wheel was reported to be resting in his lap because of broken mountings – yet it hadn’t been enough.
Lautenschlager was greeted by a bemused silence at the finish; the crowd had expected Boillot to appear first. Even the cheer when Goux crossed the line subsided swiftly when it dawned that Salzer was still third. France’s defeat was total: a Mercedes 1-2-3. Though the crowd mustered applause as Lautenschlager and riding mechanic Hans Rieger toured from the Tribune d’Honneur – “This was a race worth winning and all the world agreed that Mercedes had won it well” – theirs was not the popular victory.
That an Opel had broken the arm of Hungarian Szisz Ferenc (sic), winner of the inaugural (1906) French GP for Renault, as he changed a wheel by the roadside hardly improved the prevailing sentiment.
Ex-infantryman Boillot was mobilised on August 2, the day before Germany declared war on France. His first military role was as chauffeur to Marshal Joffre during the latter’s Miracle of the Marne campaign in September. But as an early member of the French Aero Club, it was natural that Boillot should look to the skies.
He joined L’Armée de l’Air and by May 1916 was commanding Escadrille N65 as a sous-lieutenant. With two confirmed kills and two others claimed, a Croix de Guerre and a Légion d’Honneur, his standing in France had never been higher.
On May 19, above the killing fields of Verdun, his Nieuport encountered five Fokkers. He shot down one before being overwhelmed. The funeral was held two days later.
Fighter aces Charles Nungesser, wounded the day Boillot was killed, and Jean Navarre, to be grievously injured within weeks, dived low in salute and scattered leaves over the grave: a suitably theatrical send-off for a man who had lived life at high speed and to the full before dying a hero’s death at 31.
Lautenschlager lived to be 76, having worked for Daimler until retirement. He competed in the Targa Florio and Indy 500 after the war, but was past his best. He died in his sleep at an Untertürkheim grace-and-favour cottage in January 1954. But he, too, suffered tragedy: wife Katharina Maria died weeks after Lyon, leaving him with five children. As redoubtable in life as in competition, he remarried within a year and had two more children.
Lautenschlager does not deserve to be the bad guy – fiery and arrogant, Boillot undoubtedly had a dark side – but lines were being drawn even as he negotiated Lyon’s ‘Death Trap’ downhill S-bend for the final time. Subsequent events ensured that harsh opinions and blinkered attitudes became entrenched.

domain: history


The Koning Zelfbouwdagen of Motoport Hengelo has restored an old tradition: Making your own motorcycle is a party. In the past, that party was easier to celebrate because the RDW then still roamed in twilight areas and because craftsmanship was not as scarce as it has become now. In terms of modern self-reliance, we recently heard from a BMW K1600 owner that he even had the tire pressure of his six-cylinder checked at the dealer. But Moto Guzzi enthusiast Jan Keijzer is the opposite. He is a genetic engineer and adapted his Moto Guzzi to his own taste. Not only appearance, but also technical. Moto Guzzi DIY.
But it is still self-built
And the results of that work range from endearing to very impressive. And nowadays it is even the case that few self-built motorcycles are still driving around on license plates that simply come from the loose trade. That is a good thing. Because although there is still quite some administrative room, an insurer can (after knocking!) Become extremely difficult to do if a license plate has a too loose relationship with its carrier. Again on the plus side: an optically sound and neat impression prevents many questions and doubts.
The Ural / Dnepr / BMW / DAF / Honda construction on the photo would now be very risky on its BMW R65 license plate. Only the front fork and the front wheel came from the BMW stocks. But what is always impressive is the number of hours spent on the projects in question. The making of this year's 'Classic' Motor Guzzi by Jan Keijzer began in… 2003 with a Guzzi with serious fire damage. And on Boxing Day 2019 he made his maiden trip. The result of all work is proof that with good preparation and knowing what you are doing you can achieve a result that the factory would have been proud of.
Also interesting: Buy a restoration project, papers and RDW inspection requirements
Moto Guzzi DIY
As a Guzzi enthusiast and genetic engineer, Jan had tackled motorcycles before. Guzzi's changed to your own taste. But the idea of turning heads had been on his mind for some time. The exhaust channels at the 'back' of the head, the inlet at the front. He saw the approach in classic sidecar races and the reason behind it was clear: Combustion engines simply work best when the intake air is as cool as possible. And in competition sidecar combinations with, especially boxer engines (BMW!), The inhalation side between the 'motorcycle' and the third wheel was very unfavorable in terms of the temperature of the air to be drawn from there.
Cool air is better
That the cool intake side will be at the front of the engine is then an advantage. But of course, according to the Holy Number 14, that also has its disadvantage, just like every advantage that 'hep'. At speed there can be some sort of pressure filling caused by the wind blowing inwards and that excess pressure can also act very strange on your mixture formation due to pressure differences in the float tank. That way your mixture supply can get seriously confused.
For the rest, it is of course a matter of 'mirroring' the cams on the camshaft so that the right valves open at the right times. And that making the new camshaft is, apart from the painting that was done by Jan's comrade Theo Terwel from Vorden when he was working on a Ducati Mike Hailwood Replica. The Ducati correct green is otherwise identical to a Toyota color from the seventies.
The camshaft had to be mirrored
The British did not respond to emails with questions at first because they only responded to questions they answered. Something like that. After Jan finally handed over his credentials, the British took his question seriously. And they could help him. It was clearly not for an Ali Xpress price, but British craftsmanship has its price.
Okay, the entire Guzzi has been firmly tackled
But in principle, Jan remained very loyal to his Moto Guzzi DIY with regard to the parts used. In order to give the wide rear wheel space, there had to be room in the entire drive train from the block. The block is now three centimeters from the center and if the rear wheel had two more layers of paint, the cardan would have hit the wheel. And that was the big job.
Oh yes: the rear frame has also been changed to give space to the exhaust system made by Startwin. Furthermore, there is LED lighting all around. And because direction indicators cannot be small enough, Jan opted for a highly modern approach. Furthermore, the number of technical and detailed solutions is good for a search picture or a quiz. But the idea of building a unique classic free of charge? That was the guideline.
After building up the whole, the Guzzi was allowed to use the computer again. The diagnostic screen only reported that the throttle valve control was turned 180 degrees. That was a matter of converting a few plugs.
The Guzzi started on the first attempt and the mixture provision was almost okay. On his first trip, he only turned out to be a bit too rich in the central area. And the air filters will probably get 'nosecones' to prevent annoying blows.
But whether we have ever seen smaller direction indicators on a motorcycle?
And the key ring? That is a badge for the bumper cars at the fair.
Anyway: for Jan and his classic Guzzi, 2020 seems to be a great year!
Also interesting: Jan's Moto Guzzi: Classic or not?


text:
MHG11386 - Borrobol Township
No summary available.
Type and Period (1)
- TOWNSHIP (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD)
- None recorded
NC82NE 55 873 264.
This township comprises at least three buildings and several small enclosures on either side of Borrobol Halt. The 1st edition OS six-inch map, (Sutherlandshire 1871, sheet lxvi) shows a scattered group of six buildings and a similar number of enclosures on the haughland between the Borrobol Burn and the River Helmsdale, of which only one building to the E of the railway line could be recognised at the date of visit, but a possible building-stance is visible to the SW of a square enclosure at NC 8716 2641. The buildings measure between 17.3m and 27m in length and between 2.9m and 3.5m in breadth, but are much reduced, with only the two to the S of the track and E of the railway line, standing to as much as 0.3m in height.
The lands of the township of Borrobol were let by the Abbey of Scone with the Kirk of Kildonan to Robert and David of Sutherland for two years in 1332 (Lib Eccles de Scone 120) and may have formed the kirklands of the Kildonan, which were granted to the Abbey in the 13th century (op cit 67). After the Reformation Borrobol was part of a grant of lands by Queen Mary in 1563 (Reg Sec Sig 1556-1567) and there were eleven tenants, each with one hearth, listed in the Hearth tax return of 1690 (SRO E69/23/1). By 1808 the farm was split into four parts, Dalcharn, Balnashawn, Balvullin and Eachter, of which all but Dalcharn were cleared by 1816 (Adam 1972).
Visited by RCAHMS (PJD) 16 July 1991.
- --- SHG1871 Text/Publication/Volume: Adam, R J. 1972. Sutherland estate management, 1802-16. Vol.1, 57, App A 226-8.
- --- SHG1908 Text/Publication/Volume: Anon. 1843. Liber ecclesiae de Scone. 120.
- --- SHG2669 Text/Report/Fieldwork Report: Cowley, D.C., Dixon, P.J. and Ritchie, J.N.G.. 1993. Strath of Kildonan: an archaeological survey. RCAHMS. . Paper and Digital.
- --- SHG2690 Text/Publication/Volume: Reg Sec Sig. 1957. Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum, AD 1556-1567. The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, vol.v.. No. 1463.
|Grid reference||Centred NC 8729 2640 (100m by 100m) (Buffered by site type)|
Related Monuments/Buildings (0)
Related Investigations/Events (0)
External Links (1)
- https://canmore.org.uk/site/72585 (View RCAHMS Canmore entry for this site)
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