How an effort to protect the health and welfare of neighborhoods has become legally enforced segregation.
Anyone who has spent more than a month observing suburban or small-town politics knows that the vast majority of today's municipal controversies revolve around issues of zoning and planning. Go to a town meeting anywhere in the United States and you are likely to find a virtuous local majority, struggling to protect environmental amenities and "quality of life," pitted against a "greedy developer" whose sole joy in life is to rape and pillage landscapes. As the meeting progresses, a long procession of homeowners will step to the microphone, voices quavering with emotion, to charge that the new development—whatever it may be—will "only bring in more traffic, create pollution, ruin the quality of our lives, and turn this town into another [the name of the nearest large city]."
Public-opinion surveys regularly purport to show that Americans are most concerned about global issues such as the federal deficit and relations with the Soviet Union. Yet I would bet that if a category were included entitled "preserving the quality of life in my neighborhood," it would rank at or near the top as well.
Briefly, here is the way zoning works. A community draws up a map in which each parcel of land is designated for a specific kind of use—residential, commercial, industrial, and so forth. In principle, a town is supposed to be willing to entertain any of these uses but is anxious to keep them in their proper place. Commercial development should occur along major highways, and industrial development should adjoin a freeway interchange or railroad track. Apartments will be clustered near population centers, while single-family homes will spread through the network of residential streets.
In practice, however, what politicians and municipal planners soon discover is that there are some land uses nobody wants to have anywhere. Noisome industries are never popular. A few local stores may be tolerated, but large regional shopping centers are viewed warily. In addition, no suburban community wants any trace of "cheap housing"—apartments, multifamily homes, mobile homes, or anything involving rentals or tenants.
Whenever a developer comes forth with such a proposal, no matter how rational or legal it may be, local officials are put under enormous pressure to prevent it from being built. If the developer needs a zoning change, municipal officials will be urged to reject it. If the use is permitted by the ordinance, officials will be encouraged to "downzone" the property or find some loophole to prevent the development. Another favorite municipal strategy is to zone properties for "light industry," "laboratories," or some other high-sounding but unlikely development. In this way, the community can reject any proposal on the grounds that it is waiting for some "higher" use.
All this has had an enormous impact on housing itself. "Zoning is now the most critical factor in the entire equation of home building," says Shirley McVey Wiseman, 1989 president of the National Association of Homebuilders. "What gets built, where it gets built, how much it's going to cost—all this is now basically determined by the regulatory apparatus at the local level. As these regulations have become more burdensome, housing has become more scarce and expensive."
To take a typical case, let us look at a property in Brookhaven, Long Island, a 349-square-mile township that is the largest in New York state. In 1980 the Suffolk County Interreligious Council on Housing proposed 160 garden apartments on 30 acres of land in the village of East Patchogue. The council's express intent was to provide housing for low- and moderate-income people who were otherwise not able to find housing in the region. The parcel was already zoned for a nursing home. Nobody had ever proposed building a nursing home on the site, but the zoning classification made it seem as if the town were not opposed to all high-density uses.
The town planning board, an appointive body with only advisory powers, approved the zone change. But the town council, which has final authority and is under far more political pressure, rejected the project because of its high density. The Interreligious Council came up with another proposal to put 60 units on a 12-acre site in nearby Setauket, along heavily traveled State Highway 25A.
As word of the second proposal spread through the township, opposition mounted. By the time the town council got around to voting in 1983, there were enormous public pressures against approving the project. Although the planning board also recommended the second proposal, the council voted against it as well. No housing would be allowed. "We don't like low-cost housing because it brings in low-class people," one neighborhood resident told the New York Times. "I don't want those people coming in and degrading my property. I've got my life savings invested here. There's plenty of land elsewhere."
Another area where zoning has had an enormous impact is in the rental of small rooms and apartments in single-family homes. Census data indicate that more than half the homes in the country with five or more rooms are being occupied by people over age 65. The data suggest that many of these people are "overhoused," meaning they have far more room than they need. Property taxes and the difficulty in maintaining such a home often persuade elderly people to move to smaller units. Another alternative would be for these overhoused people to rent out spare bedrooms or small living units.
Zoning laws generally forbid this. Suburban residents in single-family districts are extremely sensitive to the idea of living in "rental" districts. Complaints often center on density or parking space, but the objections obviously have to do with class distinctions as well. This prohibition against rentals is probably the major reason that the suburbs have never been able to provide the variety of housing that city neighborhoods do.
To see what a difference these regulations can make, consider the case of Takoma Park, Maryland, a suburb of Washington right on the District of Columbia border. Takoma Park represents a paradigmatic confrontation of the old streetcar suburbs and the new suburbia based on property values and single-family homes. First incorporated in 1883, Takoma Park was originally connected to Washington by a network of rail lines. Though it became a streetcar suburb, it had small pockets of black freemen, who had settled in the area right after the Civil War.
Most of the original housing was two- and three-family homes, with both owner-occupied units and rentals. During the 1920s and '30s, a number of larger apartment houses were built as well. After World War II, the single-family home became predominant. Today the streets of Takoma Park are a hodgepodge of housing: single-family homes, apartment houses, duplexes, and triplexes, many of them "nonconforming uses" that do not accord with the current zoning plan.
Despite the growing number of single-family homeowners among the population of 16,000, rentals continued to play a large role in the community. When thousands of army and government personnel came to Washington during World War II, homeowners in Takoma Park rented them apartments. When veterans used their G.I. benefits to attend neighboring Columbia Union College, they also became tenants. The demand was so high that many homeowners divided their homes into apartments or rented rooms.
In 1973, however, the more affluent single-family homeowners decided they had had enough. Researching the zoning law, they discovered a 60-year-old Montgomery County statute forbidding rentals in a single-family zone. The homeowners petitioned the county (which controls zoning in Maryland) to enforce the law.
In 1978 the city council adopted a compromise, saying that anyone who had been renting before 1954 could continue for another 10 years. The 10 years expired in 1988 and evictions began. An estimated 1,000 tenants, many of them families with children, are expected to be forced out of their rooms and apartments.
What is the overall result of these zoning practices? Obviously, housing becomes more expensive and harder to find. In 1987 the New York Times reported: "They began arriving 10 days ago, dozens of people on the condominium trail. In warm sun and then cold rain, they lived in a community of cars, campers and trucks, assuring themselves a chance to pay $175,000 and up for one of the 100 town houses that will become Society Hill."
The condominiums—in Mahopac, New York, 90 minutes commuting distance from Manhattan—were still five months from completion. But most buyers said they couldn't find any other housing in the New York metropolitan area. Residents of Mahopac, who for a while had mistaken the temporary campsite for an invasion of homeless people, were not as enthusiastic. "Earlier this week," noted the Times, "over 700 residents signed a petition asking town officials to impose a moratorium on all building permits. Those officials are already considering a plan that will reduce development densities and limit the rate of growth."
The great dilemma is that for people who have already bought homes and are established in the community, the ability to exclude others and raise the price of homes is a cost-free good. The key factor to recognize is that in addition to providing themselves with a place to live, homeowners are also investors, speculating in real-estate prices. Particularly in an inflation-prone economy, people now buy a home as a way of saving and investing money. Once they have their life savings invested in a home—and they often do—homeowners want to do everything possible to protect their investment. That means preventing cheap or undesirable development nearby.
Of course, there are few investors anywhere who do not want to have the power of the government brought to bear to protect their investments. Farmers want agricultural price supports, manufacturers want protection from imports, savers want the federal government to insure their bank accounts. Homeowners are different in that, within any given political jurisdiction, they are likely to be the majority. The voice of each homeowner protecting his or her investment is immediately echoed by the voice of every other homeowner protecting his or her investment. In such a situation, it is only a matter of time before the majority convinces itself it is doing the Lord's work.
Thus, concerns about "affordable housing," when expressed by homeowners, always have a certain disingenuous air. The fact is that for people who already own a home, it does not matter much how high home prices may climb. They are already on the escalator. If prices go up, theirs will go up along with everybody else's. Their ability to trade for a better home is not compromised. It is only people who have not yet gotten their feet on the escalator who see prices vanishing into the empyrean. Because these people are not usually represented in municipal decisions and are generally an unorganized minority, their influence is not felt.
"People always cite the National Association of Realtors affordability index, which says that in California, for example, only about 15 percent of the state's households can afford the median-priced home," says William Fulton, editor of California Planning and Development Report. "What that doesn't tell you is that half the households in California already own a home. They won't benefit if home prices come down. In fact, they'd be just as happy to see prices go up."
As long as this majority is able to control where and how new housing will be built, the situation is unlikely to change. Carl Dahlman, professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin, puts it this way: "The only theory of zoning that is consistent with available knowledge of zoning practices is that zoning is a means for keeping people out, and for sending them away to other communities for the residents there to cope with. Zoning in America today is done not to specifically control land, but primarily to control the migration of people."
To see how things could be different, it is only necessary to look at Houston, America's fourth-largest city. Because of the city's wild-west atmosphere and anti government attitudes, zoning has never been adopted in Houston. City officials rejected zoning several times during the 1920s and '30s. It was also voted down in two nonbinding public referenda in 1948 and 1962. Although people on the East and West coasts often find it hard to believe, property owners in Houston can do anything they please with their property.
Well, perhaps it isn't all that easy. In fact, as Bernard Siegan discovered in his landmark study of Houston's no-zoning policies in 1972, property owners are often severely restricted—not by public ordinances, but by private covenants and deed restrictions. Typically, the developer of a suburban subdivision will write deed restrictions saying the property cannot be used for anything but single-family residences for 30 to 50 years. (In fact, banks won't even lend money for such developments unless the restrictions are in the agreement.) As a result, Houston has its own exclusive residential enclaves such as River Oaks and Sharpston. The difference is that people in these ritzy developments cannot prevent someone else from putting up cheap housing on the other side of town.
Thus, while Houston's exclusive subdivisions compare for snob appeal with any other enclave in the country, the city is bursting at the seams with every other kind of housing as well. In 1982, in the teeth of the recession, the Houston area built 60,000 new homes—one of every 15 new units in the country. Despite enormous population growth, rental vacancies have remained above 15 percent for more than a decade. Condominiums and starter homes still sell for $30,000 (that's the asking price, not the down payment), and homelessness has been extremely low, although not nonexistent. In fact, one of the major housing problems in Houston has been vacant suburban homes, which have led people to worry about "suburban slums."
One other interesting observation is that whenever there has been a ground swell in Houston for imposing zoning, it has always come out of the most affluent neighborhoods. In the 1962 referendum, 75 percent of the black population voted against zoning, while its only support came from exclusive suburbs.
Another city that has at least relaxed its zoning effort and seen a payoff in housing is San Diego. The nation's seventh-largest city, San Diego has experienced tremendous growth over the last two decades, expanding from 334,000 inhabitants in 1950 to 960,000 today. Almost 15 percent of the population is Hispanic, due largely to its location right across the border from Tijuana—with 1 million people of its own—which makes San Diego a center for illegal immigration.
During the recession of the early 1980s, building slowed and rental vacancies dropped to 4 percent. In 1985 there was a referendum campaign to adopt rent control, as more than a dozen other California cities had already done. San Diego voters rejected it 2-to-1, and builders responded in 1986 by putting up 20,000 new apartments, most of them in the luxury category. The results were quickly felt in the lowest income groups. The proportion of vacancies among apartments renting for less than $250 a month doubled between 1985 and 1986, from 1.8 percent to 3.6 percent. The filtration process worked extremely rapidly.
Still, the gentrification of the old Gaslight District downtown threatened to create a wave of homelessness. "Several SRO hotels were lost, and the charitable organizations serving the indigent were really getting kicked around down there," recalls Frank Landerville, director of the Regional Task Force on the Homeless.
At first, the city responded with a law saying that when builders knocked down one SRO unit they had to put up another. This requirement expired after three years, however, and served only as a stopgap. By that time, city officials had decided that the real problem was zoning.
"We realized our zoning law had created a gap in the kind of housing builders could provide," says Judy Lenthal, senior planner for the city government. "An SRO unit is too small for permanent accommodations, while a studio apartment is more than many people can afford.
"So we changed the zoning ordinance to allow a new 'living unit'—an apartment that contains either a kitchen or a bathroom, but not both. You have to share one or the other in a common area. But it's a real home—something both landlords and tenants can afford."
As a result, San Diego has experienced what Lenthal calls "the only miniboom of new SRO construction in the country." In one year, private developers built four new hotels and rehabilitated 15 old ones, creating 565 new units. Plans for 1,500 more units were on the drawing boards. San Diego legislators also sponsored a state law to enable other California cities to do the same thing.
"Altogether, I'd say the most important thing we've done in providing housing for the poor is not alienate the development community," says Landerville. "Builders are still enthusiastic about San Diego and that helps provide housing at all levels." Perhaps not coincidentally, San Diego has one of the lowest rates of homelessness among the nation's 20 largest cities.
In most other parts of the country, however, the trend has been in the opposite direction—toward greater restriction of the housing market through tighter zoning.
In 1974 the U.S. Supreme Court reaffirmed zoning powers in its first comprehensive zoning decision since 1926. The village of Belle Terre, Long Island, had passed an ordinance forbidding three or more unrelated people from renting detached homes. The ordinance was aimed at students from the nearby State University of New York at Stony Brook who had pooled their resources to rent homes in the area. A group of students challenged the ordinance.
In a decision that united liberal Justice William O. Douglas and conservative Chief Justice Warren Burger, Justice Douglas wrote: "A quiet place where yards are wide, people few, and motor vehicles restricted are legitimate guidelines in a land use project addressed to family needs.…The police power is not confined to elimination of filth, stench, and unhealthy places. It is ample to lay out zones where family values, youth values, and the blessings of quiet seclusion and clean air make the area a sanctuary for people."
As Carl Dahlman, of the University of Wisconsin, puts it: "[The courts] have…wrapped many residential neighborhoods consisting of single-family homes in a protective blanket that effectively has eliminated much or perhaps all of the pecuniary risks associated with the ownership of a home."
Since 1975, however, there has been one successful challenge to exclusionary zoning, in the New Jersey courts, that has served as an example for other states. The case involved Mt. Laurel, a 22-square-mile suburb of Camden about 15 minutes from Philadelphia. Still largely rural, the town does not yet have a main street or a supermarket. Its first post office was constructed in 1983. In 1965, the township contained only 8,000 people. Interstate 295 opened up suburban development, however, and the population grew to 17,000 by 1980. More than 3,000 new housing units—all single-family homes—were built in that 15-year period. In addition, the town sited 50 acres of new offices and industrial parks on land adjacent to the intersection of Interstate 295 and the New Jersey Turnpike.
Mt. Laurel also has a small black settlement that traces its origins to the Civil War. For decades the blacks worked as tenant farmers. As suburban development ate up farmland, they retreated to a small community of summer cottages in the Springville section. By 1969, only 120 people remained there. The town refused to extend sewer lines, water service, or paved roads into the area. The houses were labeled "nonconforming uses," meaning they could not be remodeled, replaced, or repaired if significantly damaged. Occasionally, the town would condemn a building. Springville residents saw quite clearly that they were being driven out of town.
In 1969 a group of them formed the Springville Action Committee. Securing a state grant, they proposed building 100 apartments on a three-acre parcel in Springville to house most of the black population. The town turned down the proposal on the grounds that it violated the zoning ordinance, which allowed only single-family homes on half-acre lots. The Burlington County NAACP sued the town in state court.
In 1975 the New Jersey Supreme Court overturned Mt. Laurel's ordinance and ordered the town to zone some of its land for apartments. Moreover, the court extended its decision to cover all "developing" communities in the state and said that they would have to make similar provisions for low-income housing as well.
Mt. Laurel's response was typical of municipalities in similar positions. It rezoned three small parcels for apartments, but not the property of the successful litigant. One of the parcels was already being subdivided for homes. The other two were swampy and inaccessible. All three owners said they had no interest in building apartments or cheap housing.
Meanwhile, other towns around the state began resisting the Mt. Laurel decision by arguing that they were not "developing" communities but were either already developed or not even considering development. As a result, eight years after the first Mt. Laurel decision, no new housing had been built.
Springville Action went back into court. In 1983, after two years of deliberation, the New Jersey Supreme Court handed down "Mt. Laurel II," a case that has been called the most significant zoning decision since Ambler Realty v. Euclid, the 1924 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld zoning as an exercise of the state's "police power." The New Jersey court wrote: "The constitutional power to zone, delegated to the municipalities, subject to legislation, is but one portion of the police power and, as such, must be exercised for the general welfare.
"When the exercise of this power by a municipality affects something as fundamental as housing, the general welfare includes more than the welfare of that municipality and its citizens: it also includes the general welfare—in this case the housing needs—of those residing outside of the municipality but within the region that contributes to the housing demand within the municipality."
The court conjured up an image of what the state would eventually look like if exclusionary practices were allowed to go unchecked: "poor people forever zoned out of substantial areas of the state, not because housing could not be built for them but because they are not wanted; poor people forced to live in urban slums forever not because suburbia, developing rural areas, fully developed residential sections, seashore resorts, and other attractive locations could not accommodate them, but simply because they are not wanted."
The court decided that the state government would be the ultimate authority on zoning. "The state controls the use of land, all of the land. In exercising that control, it cannot favor the rich over the poor. It cannot legislatively set aside dilapidated housing in urban ghettos for the poor and decent housing elsewhere for everyone else. The government that controls this land represents everyone. While the state may not have the ability to eliminate poverty, it cannot use that condition as the basis for imposing further disadvantages."
As specific remedies, the court stated that municipalities must follow one of three strategies: 1) encourage or require the use of available federal and state housing subsidies for the construction of low-income housing; 2) provide incentives for or require developers to set aside a portion of their developments for low-income housing; or 3) zone areas for mobile homes or extremely small units that can be sold to low-income people.
In 1985 the New Jersey State Legislature responded to all this prodding by adopting the Fair Housing Act. The law set up the New Jersey Council on Affordable Housing, which asked all 567 municipalities to send in proposals on how they planned to comply with Mt. Laurel II.
Thus, the Mt. Laurel decision, although it addressed some of the effects of zoning, was not really a frontal attack on the whole concept. There was no inclination to allow housing transactions between willing buyers and willing sellers without municipal interference, as Houston has done. Instead, a deliberately cumbersome local process used to resist new housing construction was replaced with an even more cumbersome state process that might create some low-income housing (although it should be remembered that even at the state level the poor are a distinct minority).
Progress has been painfully slow. As of 1989, only 161 of the state's 567 municipalities had even submitted plans to conform with the state law. The housing council does not have any real powers of enforcement, and the prospects for widespread cooperation are not encouraging. Overall, about 2,000 new units have been built in 14 communities since the 1983 decision.
The favored technique for conforming with Mt. Laurel II has been something called "inclusionary zoning." The process was invented in California and has since been adopted by many cities and smaller municipalities. It is particularly popular with jurisdictions that are practicing exclusionary zoning but don't want to give the impression that they are trying to wall out the poor.
Under inclusionary zoning, a builder is allowed a density bonus (usually 20 percent more units) in exchange for a promise that the additional units will be sold at "low-income" prices. The municipality then sets up a selection process, often including a lottery, whereby a few local applicants get to buy or rent the new units.
Much to the consternation of housing advocates (and the quiet relief of suburban officials), these units have not fallen into the hands of the urban poor. Instead, they have attracted what might be called "subsidy hunters"—young couples, divorced single mothers, the elderly, and other middle-class people who are knowledgeable enough to take advantage of the system. One town official called the new residents "junior yuppies, young professionals in entry-level positions [who only] qualify by the numbers."
This outcome should not surprise anyone. One problem is that the case upon which the whole effort is modeled—Mt. Laurel itself—was unusual in that there was already a small community of poor people living in the municipality. Given the information required to take advantage of Mt. Laurel housing, the urban poor are not likely to participate.
Mt. Laurel is not going to produce the "diaspora of the urban poor" that some observers anticipated. Nor are the benefits of the Court's decision likely to filter down to the poor very quickly. In reality, it makes absolutely no difference whether the few winners of subsidized units are "low-income," "middle-income," or even "upper-income." Housing is housing, and the only way to have more of it is to build more of it. The only real benefits of Mt. Laurel will come from the density bonuses, which will allow more housing units to be built.
Yet even this advantage is likely to be limited because the new housing will not circulate. The new owners, after all, are subsidized and cannot move without losing their subsidies. They are usually not allowed to sell without giving up a significant portion of their capital appreciation, either to the municipality or to the next owner. Thus, they will stay in their units long after they have ceased to suit them and long after the residents have ceased to be "low-income." By attaching subsidies to housing units, rather than the people who might live in them, governments effectively take these units off the market.
The only truly promising feature of Mt. Laurel and the Fair Housing Act is the provision that if a town does not wish to accept its "fair share" of housing, it can still meet its quota by paying to have apartments built in towns willing to accept them. Because this housing will undoubtedly end up in the hands of deserving people, it will do far more good than housing snapped up by subsidy hunters.
The great attraction of exclusionary zoning has always been that it is a free good. A town could zone out whatever housing it didn't want without having to pay a price. Indeed, it rewarded itself by raising property values and avoiding social spending. Under Mt. Laurel, towns will finally be held financially accountable for their exclusionary practices, since they will have to support housing elsewhere. That, at least, is an accomplishment.
Contributing Editor William Tucker is the author of Progress and Privilege and Vigilante. Copyright © by William Tucker. All rights reserved. Reprinted from The Excluded Americans by special permission from Regnery Gateway Inc., Washington, D.C.
This article originally appeared in print under the headline "Zoned Out".


text:
MEADVILLE, Pa. (PRWEB) November 07, 2019
“Who Made Me?”: an enthralling children’s story that gives the readers an unforgettable reading experience as the book reveals the mightiness of the omnipotent God who created everything on earth. “Who Made Me?” is the creation of published author Janet E. O’Connell, a writer who has a vast trust and strong faith in God.
O’Connell writes, “Who Made Me? is a work inspired by the famous English poet, William Blake (1757–1827), who wrote The Lamb. This modern story is written in simple everyday English about a snowman who finds out about God and learns that he has a relationship with Him, as we all do.
“The writer, Janet E. O’Connell, originally wrote this story with children in mind but soon realized that it is age-appropriate for children, adolescents, and adults. As has always been true, the best stories are those that are simple and to the point, much like parables. It is a story of hope, love, and where we fit in the universe. Either read to children or by themselves, it is a story they will enjoy returning to again and again.”
Published by Christian Faith Publishing, O’Connell’s new book is a stirring account that brings joy to the heart of the readers as they get to know God and His beautiful creations.
With this purpose, the author aims to open the eyes of young readers to the knowledge that God is a mighty creator who made everything they see.
View a synopsis of “Who Made Me?” on YouTube.
Consumers can purchase“Who Made Me?” at traditional brick & mortar bookstores, or online at Amazon.com, Apple iTunes store, or Barnes and Noble.
For additional information or inquiries about “Who Made Me?” contact the Christian Faith Publishing media department at 866-554-0919.

domain: artistic


text:
Item description for A History of Christian Thought: Volume 3: From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century (Revised Edition) by Justo L. Gonzalez...
Overview This is Volume 3 of the acclaimed three-volume set which has been completely revised to provide a readable, definitive & completely updated treatment of the evolution of Christian thought from the early church to the great flowering of Christianity in the Middle Ages, through the Reformation and the Enlightenment, to the twentieth century. Volume 3 includes, From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century. The other two volumes in this set are sold separately. Volume 1, From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon; Volume 2, From Augustine to the Eve of the Reformation. Justo L. Gonzalez has added a major new chapter on the twentieth century, has eliminated all sexist language, and - in light of recent scholarship - has completely revised the text and updated the bibliographies.
Publishers Description A treatment of the evolution of Christian thought from the birth of Christ, to the Apostles, to the early church, to the great flowering of Christianity across the world. The final volume begins with the towering theological leaders of the Protestant Reformation and traces the development of Christian thought through its encounter with modernity.
Promise Angels is dedicated to bringing you great books at great prices. Whether you read for entertainment, to learn, or for literacy - you will find what you want at promiseangels.com!
Studio: Abingdon Press
Est. Packaging Dimensions: Length: 9.08" Width: 5.97" Height: 1.18" Weight: 1.5 lbs.
Release Date Jul 1, 1987
Publisher Abingdon Church Supplies
ISBN 0687171849 ISBN13 9780687171842
Availability 0 units.
More About Justo L. Gonzalez
Justo L. González, a retired member of the Río Grande Conference of the United Methodist Church, went to college and seminary in Cuba before receiving postgraduate degrees from Yale University. He taught at the Evangelical Seminary of Puerto Rico and Candler School of Theology in Atlanta. He played a key part in the founding of the Asociación para la Educación Teológica Hispana and of the Hispanic Summer Program. He was also the first executive director of the Hispanic Theological Initiative. Justo has published more than one hundred books, as well as hundreds of articles, and edited the journal Apuntes for twenty years.
Justo L. Gonzalez currently resides in Decatur, in the state of Georgia.
Justo L. Gonzalez has published or released items in the following series...
Reviews - What do customers think about A History of Christian Thought: Volume 3: From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century (Revised Edition)?
What is "Christian Thought"? Apr 9, 2004
I would disagree with the previous reviewer that this book does wrong when it devotes one chapter (entitled The Changing Philosophical Setting) to the philosophy that shaped 18th century theology. The fact is that Kant's philosophy very profoundly affected Christian THOUGHT both in his own time and to this very day.
The book is not entitled "A History of Christianity" but rather "A History of Christian Thought" I dare say that Kant's philosophy had a much greater influence on Christian thought than the Great Awakening did. Certainly the Great Awakening was very important to American Christianity and produced some very great preachers, but its impact on Christian thought was not so great, which is why I believe Gonzalez did not spend as much time on it.
Indeed, it is impossible to understand the liberal theology that came after Kant without an understanding of Kant himself, just like it is impossible to understand great literature without the historical setting. I would say that in a book of this size, 7 pages devoted to such an important philosopher/theologian as Kant is not at all overdone.
Overall, I find Gonzalez' account generally accurate and well-written. If you are looking for a good overview of how Christian thought changed from the Reformation to modern times, this is it. If you are looking for a general history of Christianity from the Reformation to modern times, look elsewhere (and for much larger book(s)).
What is a "Christian"? Jul 18, 1999
Mr. Gonzalez' series is full of insightful research and reasonable conclusions concerning the various views of controversies that have arisen throughout the history of the church. The material contained in this volume is excellent in its synopsis of the events and thoughts of the early Reformation era. However, we must question whether this volume is sincerely a review of the history of "Christian" thought when so much attention is given to anti-revelatory philosophers such as Hume and Kant. They deserve mention for their impact on the minds of culture, to be sure, but they do not merit this amount of discussion in such a title as this. Similarly, one wonders how it is that the events of the North American Great Awakening are rewarded with a few pages, and the works and impact of neo-Orthodox exponents receive tens of pages of commentary. Admittedly, one can find evangelical histories in abundance which provide descriptions and discussions of 18th Century evangelism and its fruits, but the book IS entitled, "History of Christian Thought." Typically ecumenical in conclusion.

domain: history


text:
Until at least the early twentieth century in northwestern Europe and North America (and long after that elsewhere), a large majority of the world’s population was rural, yet these people were mainly visible to historians through the eyes of outsiders (in documents representing the views of government officials, the upper classes, travel writers, critics, and religious institutions, for example). This view contributed to a powerful (and tenacious) stereotype that rural worlds were simple and homogeneous, populated by undifferentiated stock characters from central historical casting (a timeless tradition-bound peasantry, a virtuous yeomanry, hardy pioneers). In an effort to get beyond such understandings, some historians began seeking perspectives from within, rather than outside, rural society, drawing on hitherto little-used sources and reading familiar documents from new angles. The result has been to reveal the variety and complexity of rural worlds and to bring the agency of rural people to the fore.
A leading figure in these new approaches in Canada, Ruth Sandwell is very well qualified to synthesize rural experience in Canada for a series that aims to present “the main themes and interpretations” to non-specialists. This is no small subject, as it involves some 80 per cent of the Canadian population in 1870 and about 50 per cent in 1940. One example of the complexity is that virtually all of Canada’s Indigenous peoples lived in rural contexts at the start of the period, and most still did 70 years later. Another is that rural society encompassed more people than the “farmers, hunters, gardeners, fishers, miners, loggers, and cannery workers” on whom the book concentrates (quotation from the book jacket). Even without considering all the others (for example, blacksmiths, carpenters, tanners, millers, teachers, village bank managers, insurance agents, equipment dealers, railway station agents, feed and seed dealers, clergy, doctors, innkeepers), the diversity of experience of the targeted groups was enormous.
After acknowledging that “rural life in Canada… varied dramatically from one place to another” and noting the “dramatic changes” that marked her period (p. 7), Sandwell makes a reasonable decision to focus primarily on “commonalities and continuities” (p. 9). Thus she stresses the importance and implications of working mainly outdoors, the hard physicality of that work (for men, women, and children), and the household basis of the rural economy (when men worked away seasonally, as many did, family was commonly the reason for doing such work). Secondly, the skills, knowledge, and adaptability of rural people are fundamental to understanding them; calling them “traditional,” for example, misses their readiness to change as circumstances warranted. Thirdly, she emphasizes three economic pillars by which most rural households sustained themselves: self-provisioning (producing for their own consumption), producing for sale in the market, and working away from the farm or household for wages. As long as all three were available, there was a basis for independence, and that in turn helps to explain why many rural families persisted in conditions that seemed, to outsiders at least, to offer a lower standard of living than could be obtained elsewhere. [End Page 217]
Central to the entire work is Sandwell’s deep engagement with environmental history. She organizes her discussion by region, beginning on the Canadian Shield. Subsequent chapters address the St. Lawrence lowlands, the Prairies, the mountains, and finally the coasts (an especially ambitious chapter). Discussions of the physical settings frame an account of the economy that could be built in each, followed by careful accounts of the implications for daily and seasonal living. Although overlapping themes are given their main treatment in the chapter in which each is particularly central, this approach cannot avoid a good deal of repetition. All regions experienced many elements of the main narrative, including technological change, the growth of larger capitalist enterprises, and the booms and busts of the international trade cycle; as well, there were many similarities among regions at the household level of organization and production.
Sandwell’s sympathy for her subjects is evident throughout, as she seeks to understand their decisions and strategies. To tell their story...

domain: sociology


text:
Refined by Grace
The ideal fusion of luxury and style, this medley of fragrant flowers is the perfect graceful bouquet for any occasion. Think Refined by Grace and the magic will do the rest! Mystical winds fill the air with deep hues of green and purple blossoms that radiant with positive vibes and enchanted moments with that special someone. Cease the moment into the unexpected and never look back!
Item # 6026-0002-1101-2345Container & arrangement may vary on availabilityDelivered by a local florist


text:
Trans States Airlines
|Founded||1982 (as Resort Air)|
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
O'Hare International Airport
Washington Dulles International Airport
Denver International Airport
|Airport lounge||Admirals Club
|Alliance||Star Alliance (United Express)
Oneworld (American Eagle)
|Fleet size||81 (17 Orders)|
|Parent company||Trans States Holdings, Inc.|
|Key people||Hulas Kanodia (Chairman)
Richard A. Leach
Trans States Airlines is the 22nd largest and fastest growing American regional airline. Trans States Airlines, along with Compass Airlines and GoJet Airlines, is owned by Trans States Holdings and is headquartered in Bridgeton, Missouri.
As of 2011, Trans States Airlines employed 650 people throughout North America. The airline operates over 240 daily flights in 70 cities as United Express for United Airlines and American Eagle for American Airlines. In total, TSA carried 3.6 million passengers in 2015.
The company began operations as Resort Air in 1982. In 1985, the company entered into an agreement with Trans World Airlines to operate as Trans World Express serving six cities in Missouri and Illinois. The company changed its name to Trans States Airlines in 1989. That same year, TSA began operations as USAir Express with flights into Los Angeles. In 1995, TSA began operations as a feeder airline into JFK Airport as United Express.
The call sign "Waterski" and the ICAO 3-letter identifier "LOF," which stands for 'Lodge of the Four Seasons', are from the early days when the company was operated as Resort Air and took visitors to the Lake of the Ozarks in Missouri.
Trans States Airlines is headquartered in Bridgeton, Missouri where its main training facility and maintenance facility are located. The airline has crew domiciles in Chicago–O'Hare, St. Louis and Washington–Dulles. It operates hubs for United Express in Houston at George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Cleveland at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and in Washington, DC at Washington Dulles International Airport.
As United Express
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Washington, D.C. area (Washington Dulles International Airport) Hub
As American Eagle
- New York
- North Carolina
- St. Louis
- Raleigh–Durham (2016)
As of October 2015, the Trans State Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft:
|Embraer ERJ 145EP/MP||29||—||50||United Express|
|Embraer ERJ 145LR||15||—||American Eagle|
|Embraer ERJ 145XR||22||15||United Express||Receiving Aircraft from ExpressJet|
|Mitsubishi MRJ70||20||76||Deliveries begin in 2017|
In October 2009, Trans States Holdings announced an agreement to purchase 50 Mitsubishi MRJ90 with options for 50 more. Trans States Holdings holds conversion rights to take the smaller, 76-seat MRJ70 instead of the 92-seat MRJ90 dependent on the scope clause environment by the time the airline takes delivery in 2016. It has not been announced what subsidiary these aircraft will operate for; Compass, GoJet, or Trans States.
Accidents and incidents
- July 14, 2004
- June 16, 2010
- March 1, 2011 at 6:45 am EST
- September 4, 2011
- Trans States Airlines Flight 3363 originating from Chicago IL, operated as a United Express flight, left the runway during landing at Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport. The aircraft, with 44 passengers on board, sustained damage to the main gear and belly, as well as to the right wing. There were no injuries to passengers or crew.
- February 22, 2012
- Trans States Airlines operating as United Express Flight 3350 originating from Chicago O'Hare,IL to Rochester,NY was on approach to land but overran the end of the runway by about 50–75 feet and came to a stop with all gear off the paved surface. There were no injuries. The passengers disembarked via mobile stairs and were bussed to the terminal.
- "Corporate Grouping of Top 50 Regional Airlines". chraa.org. February 2011. Retrieved 2012-10-05.
- "Trans States Airlines :: Corporate Information". transstates.net. Retrieved 2012-10-05. "Executive Offices Trans States Airlines 11495 Navaid Rd. Suite 340 Bridgeton, Missouri 63044"
- "Trans States Airlines :: About Our Airline". transstates.net. Retrieved 2012-10-05.
- TSA History November 12, 2009
- "Trans State Airlines". ch-aviation.ch. Retrieved 2013-12-29.
- "Trans States Holdings Signs LOI with Mitsubishi Aircraft for Purchase of 100 MRJ Aircraft" (PDF) (Press release). transstates.net. 2009-10-02. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
- "Mitsubishi Specifies Certification Schedule for MRJ". AIN Online. 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
- "Trans States Airlines takes on six ex-Passaredo ERJ-145s". CH Aviation. 2013-04-26. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
- Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Trans States E145 at Ottawa on Jun 16th 2010, runway overrun". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 17 June 2010.

domain: travel


text:
Jasmine rice, stir-fried garlic, egg, fresh chilies, tomatoes, sweet onions and Chinese broccoli - lime wedge, chili fish sauce and cucumber slice. Your choice of protein...
by Tuk Tuk Thai
Availability: M-Th: 1:00PM-11:00PM, Fri: 2:00PM-11:00PM, Sat: 2:00PM-11:00PM, Sun: 3:00PM-11:00PM
*Please note: The above times are the available delivery times. Same day orders require at least a 3 hour advance notice. Please order at 9AM for 12PM delivery! Thank you!
Enter the content to use inside the accordion panel selected.

domain: food


text:
Meet The Plants
- IUCN: not evaluated
- USFWS: None
Species Author: Pers.
Vernacular: Angel's Trumpet [Lorence 6443]
Synonyms: Datura x Candida (Pers.) Saff. (D. aurea x Versicolor)'
Brugmansia Ã—candida is an evergreen shrub growing 10 to 20 feet tall. Young stems, leaves and calyx are almost glabrous or sparsely hairy in some forms. The downy, ovate leaves are very variable in size, reaching a maximum of about 16 inches long. This Angel's Trumpet grows fast and upright, often forming an umbrella-like canopy under which huge, 9-14 inch trumpet shaped flowers are produced. The hanging flowers have a wide range of colors--white through yellow, orange, apricot, and pink--and are sweetly musky scented. The calyx of the flower splits down one side. The fruit is smooth, narrowly spindle-shaped, and about 7 inches long. Brugmannsia Ã—candida is distinguishable from all other species by its fully pendulous flowers combined with the calyx concealing the basal narrow-most zone of the corolla tube. It most closely resembles B. versicolor, which differs in the distal part of the basal narrow-most zone of the corolla tube being exposed (A. Hay, pers. comm. 2006). The scent of Brugmansia flowers drifting in the air on warm summer evenings can only be described as exotic and intoxicating! The charm and the beauty of this highly ornamental genus are unique. (Bailey, L. H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third.) (Preissel, U. and Preissel, H. 1997. Engelstrompeten.)
Although the plant is poisonous, natives in Brazil smoke the leaves for a strong narcotic effect that it is said to relieve asthma. (Schultes, R. E. 1976. Ethnobotany.)
All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested or absorbed through the mucous membranes. Be careful to not rub your eyes after touching Brugmansia.
Brugmansia is native to South America, particularly the Andes, where it grows on sloping terrain under damp conditions. (Bailey, L. H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third.) (Preissel, U. and Preissel, H. 1997. Engelstrompeten.)
Brugmansia is named after Sebald Justin Brugmans (1763-1819). Even though Brugmansia has been in the USA for many many years, it has always been portrayed as a "Plant of Evil" and something undesirable to have growing in your yard. Not until 1997 did Brugmansia begin to gain the "serious" attention of many American plant collectors and home gardeners. (Bailey, L. H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third.) (Preissel, U. and Preissel, H. 1997. Engelstrompeten.)
Brugmansia Ã—candida is a hybrid between Brugmansia aurea with Brugmansia versicolor. This hybrid can be found growing wild in nature therefore it is a "natural hybrid". (Bailey, L. H. and Bailey, E.Z. 1976. Hortus Third.) (Preissel, U. and Preissel, H. 1997. Engelstrompeten.)
- 002935 - collected by Tim Flynn in 1988
- 002943 - collected by David H. Lorence in 1990
- 002939 - collected by David H. Lorence in 1990
- 002941 - collected by David H. Lorence in 1990
- 002938 - collected by David H. Lorence in 1990
- S078718 - collected by David H. Lorence in 1990
- 035959 - collected by Hank Oppenheimer in 2002
- 056251 - collected by Natalia Tangalin in 2007
- Unassigned - collected by Kelsey Brock in 2016
We currently have 9 herbarium specimens for Brugmansia ×candida in our collection. Click on any specimen below to view the herbarium sheet data.

domain: biology


text:
Driscoll's strawberries are consistently the best, sweetest, juiciest strawberries available. These California grown berries have an exceptional taste this season. Being picked just ripe allows the flavor to be extra sweet and juicy.
Driscoll's is passionate about high-quality, premium fresh berries. Look for Driscoll's strawberries, blueberries, raspberries and blackberries—fresh berries are all we do! (from Driscoll's)
Please Note: Vine-ripened strawberries are delicate and susceptible to bruising.Peak Season: Spring and Summer
Item is temporarily unavailable.


Corsicana — Join the discussion on this story by using the Facebook app to the right
Day two of budget workshops for the Navarro County Commissioners Court began at 9 a.m. Friday.
Commissioners heard from several office holders during the Friday morning sesssion, including the Justices of the Peace, County Treasurer, Constable of Pct. 1, Texas AgriLife Extension, Planning and Zoning, and the Elections Administrator.
Commissioners broke for lunch at 11:30 a.m, and will resume at 1:30 p.m. in the county courtroom of the Navarro County Courthouse.
More talks are slated for Wednesday, Aug. 1 through Friday, Aug. 3, at 9 a.m. each day.
We'll publish more on Friday's session later today and in the Sunday print edition of the Daily Sun.


text:
For me, Pokemon has always been a franchise that I enjoy to visit, but never really stay too long. Typically, my Pokemon cycle goes something like this: a new game is announced, excitement, the game is released, play halfway through, get bored, pick it up again months later, finish, and have an enjoyable experience. Surely I am not the only one who plays Pokemon games in this fashion; for those who do, we are most likely in the minority. This is the way I enjoy the Pokemon franchise, and because of that play style, is the main reason I believe Pokemon’s resistance to change is a strength.
Pokemon as a franchise has always remained one that never changes much from version to version. This isn’t to say no changes are made, but the ones that do are always natural or small evolutions rather than complete redesigns or advancements. A new Pokemon type might be added, battles might have a different type or mode, a few unique features for a specific generation are added, and a slew of other minor advancements and changes are made, but the essence of the game remains the same. There are still gym battles to be conquered, Pokemon to be caught, and lands to be explored—and while these all remain a constant through each entry, it is how these consistent elements are refreshed in each entry that keeps the charm in each Pokemon game.
Everyone plays Pokemon differently, but for those who like to treat each Pokemon game as a chance to start again with a familiar formula, this method of adding something new couldn’t be more perfect. From the time that I first played Pokemon Blue (yes that was my first, not Red) to the time I played Sun and Moon, I knew the type of experience I was getting into. There would be a whole new array of Pokemon for me to discover, learn their evolutions, and spend countless hours on Bulbapedia in an attempt to find whichever Pokemon happens to catch my fancy. It would be a process that I would repeat time after time in each and every Pokemon entry I would happen to play, and for me, it is the best part. I know what kind of game I was getting into and what kind of experience it was going to be, but now it would be in a whole new environment and with all new Pokemon to discover. I didn’t want an entirely new experience, instead, I wanted a chance to relive what I enjoyed before but with just the right amount of “new” to set it apart. Because this is what Pokemon is, a nostalgia trip, that’s a good thing for the franchise.
We don’t always need something to always be changing or advancing, sometimes those things we enjoyed in the past can be just as enjoyable in the present; Pokemon is that for me. With the announcement of Pokemon Sword and Shield, I see another opportunity to get lost in a similar world that my 6-year-old self enjoyed but with just enough of modern trappings to prevent it from being stale. It offers a type of game and adventure that only it can offer and that’s why it’s strength lies in staying much of the same.

domain: entertainment


text:
Sallay Matu Garnett AKA Loah‘s debut EP This Heart is, at it’s core, a magical fusion of folk, soul and R’n’B. An effortless blend that draws on elements of eminent female artists such as Grace Jones and Fiona Apple as well as her own own classical music training. What she dubs ‘ArtSoul’ – soul music, which incorporates the scope of all the musical art that Loah loves, including classical, folk, blues – is a carefully curated mix of different sounds and different cultures. Not only that, This Heart is a proud artistic celebration of Ireland’s multiculturalism, and an opportunity for Garnett to simultaneously embrace her Sierra Leonean roots in tandem with her Irish ones. The effortless interplay of genres across the EP is a strong indicator of that.
Despite this being her first release, Loah is no stranger to the Irish music scene, having previously collaborated with artists such as Bantum, Villagers, and Hozier – whose track ‘Someone New’ she co-wrote – as well as being a celebrated regular on the country’s live circuit. This EP is not short of collaborations either, having been produced by Ken McCabe (Come on Live Long), and Muse sound engineer Marc Carolan. This Heart also features a number of notable guest musicians, including Brazilian drummer Andre Antunes, saxophonist Michael Buckley, as well as the string quartet of the Crash Ensemble. Perhaps most significantly is the personal contribution from her sister, Fehdah (AKA Emma Garnett), who performs masterfully on the backing vocals. These collaborations demonstrate what This Heart sets out to do, an embrace of music and people from a wide array backgrounds, creating a thrilling fusion of sound.
The opening title track s a perfect example of this skilled genre-blending. Here there are funk and Caribbean- elements reminiscent of Grace Jones’ Living My Life era, but the mesmerising instrumentals and guitars wouldn’t be out of place in any indie/folk circles either. We can hear the influence her peers such as Hozier or My Tribe, Your Tribe have here. It’s the perfect opening to the EP, atmospheric and powerful and with it’s hard-hitting, strong vocals on the bridge contrasting directly with the Loah’s softer melodies during the chorus.
‘The Bailey’, which was previously released as a single takes on the government and is an exploration in misguided decisions, and the power of dominion over people and their self-worth. The lyrics here are powerful and rich with descriptions of an ill-advised cliff walk – “we go down to the water side / climb down a precipice / then one by one we jump in / I am terrified” . The swell and mesh of piano, guitars, and vocal harmonies are such a smooth compliment to Loah’s raw vocals here, evoking the anger toward establishment and control, in comparison to the dangers and uncertainty of the water – “This is hell / it is paradise we are in / we can change / how we go there so easily / for a moment”. The lyrics here are fraught with frustration reminding one of the passion of baroque pop legends Fiona Apple and Tori Amos – who were also classically trained – or San Fermin, with the vivid lyrics reminiscent of some of Hozier’s tracks such as ‘Arsonist’s Lullaby’. Loah has compared her performance process to that of Sinead O’Connor, not performing songs that she doesn’t connect to the energy of anymore. It is something that Loah says she is conscious of and something that is obvious in the careful, precise delivery of the lyrics here. This is honesty and passion in their rawest forms.
The third track, ‘Unveiled’, is similar in its folk leanings. With its simple guitar and vocal combination Loah demonstrates her vocal range, rolling from note to note as naturally as speaking. The track is raw and almost demo-like in it’s simplicity and is stronger for it. “Rawness” is a common running theme in this EP – although carefully curated and produced, there is a passion and grit in Loah’s voice that cannot be hidden or camouflaged with careful production – this is heard in all the tracks, but especially in its closer, ‘Nothing’, where the quiet, minimalist sounding verses contrast with the savagely tongued lyrics – “I might be wrong / I might be unkind / some ugly shit on my mind”. And then again, this contrasts with the rich volume of the choruses where Loah exclaims how she is ‘nothing at all’ in comparison to others. The six minute track is a journey as it begins quieten and steady until it evolves into a empowered declaration against judgment.
Contrast is seen a lot in ‘This Heart’ – from the contrast of the genres that Loah blends into art-soul, to the contrast of energy within the songs themselves. The lyrics – especially in tracks such as ‘The Bailey’, there is contrast between the control and meticulousness of the establishment, to the wildness of the sea.
Perhaps the standout on the EP is the ethereal ‘Cortege’, a sleek combination of folk and jazz, and one of the tracks that has helped Loah in reaching her current status as one of Ireland’s most celebrated up-and-comings artists. The theme of the song is the idea of praising feminine strength and Loah exemplifies that strength here, her voice like wine, smooth and warm, exhibiting total conviction and strength. The song is sung in the Sierra Leonean languages of Sherbro and Mend, drawing from West African inspirations such as Grammy winner Oumou Sangare, a prominent activist for women’s rights in Africa, and one of Loah’s own favourite artists. It still however, harks back to Loah’s Irish roots, with the isolated vocals at the start being reminiscent of the classic Sean Nós style.
Plagued by release delays, it would have been nice to hear more tracks on This Heart that we hadn’t heard before, but Loah has promised that a second EP is fast approaching. Nonetheless, it is nice to finally hear these tracks as Loah wants them to be heard, together and tied neatly in a bundle that shouldn’t really stick together but somehow, with Loah as the glue that binds it all, does so marvellously. Aoife O’Donoghue


text:
The MetamorphosisAuthor:Lindsey Shook
Studio MTN transforms an expansive spec home with warmth and attention to detail
“The design process itself was a testament to the firm’s dedication and unwavering commitment to excellence,” says Sierra Fox, founder of Studio MTN about their work inside this 11,000-square-foot L.A. spec home. “Through three to four rounds of sourcing and styling, Studio MTN skillfully integrated a myriad of locally-sourced treasures from L.A. to handpicked pieces sourced from Europe. Studio MTN’s seamless fusion of personalized design elements, artisanal craftsmanship, and a deep appreciation for history and culture created a space that is truly a feast for the senses.”
The goal was to infuse the residence with elegance that was still durable for the family’s three children who were all under the age of ten. “The collaboration between Studio MTN and the homeowner unfolded organically, beginning with a modest request to design the three children’s bedrooms,” she recalls. “The client sought a design that would reflect their personality and individual style. They desired an interior that would feel distinctly theirs, with elements that resonated with their preferences, interests and personal history.”
Fox notes, “One of the project’s standout features is the hand-painted wall mural gracing the dining room, an enhancing masterpiece that sets the tone for the entire home.” The team flew in a mural artist to bring this exclusive detail to life, who worked sun up to sun down for 16 days until it was complete. “There are many stories within the art piece including one square with three trees, representing each child in the family,” she remarks.
Luckily the clients had exquisite taste and reveled in the team’s sophisticated selections, but needed the fabrics and finishes to be durable for the everyday wear and tear that happens with young kids. “We had to be thoughtful about where to splurge on silk wallpaper or custom murals versus grasscloths, specialty fabrics versus high performance, and tried to work with pieces that would take on a beautiful patina over time so that kids touching and using would enhance instead of take away from the beauty of the day to day items,” Fox says.
No detail was left untouched throughout. Each space is cozy, cool and full of enveloping textures that add layers of warmth and dimension. “The client’s reaction was overwhelmingly positive,” Fox recalls. “They were amazed at how Studio MTN perfectly captured their vision and brought it to life to exceed their expectations. They felt like the interior truly reflected their personality and preferences, making it a truly unique and personalized space that they could proudly call their own.”


text:
|Ingerencje cenzorskie jako narzędzie reglamentowania treści prasowych (na przykładzie prasy kieleckiej)
|CENSOR'S INTERVENTION AS A TOOL OF REGULATING PRESS INFORMATION (THE EXAMPLE OF THE KIELCE PRESS)
|Pełny tekst / full text
The subject of the article is the analysis of censorship intervention in the Kielce press between 1945 and 1989. The censors' teachings involved instructions, briefings, referred to as "Register of censorship notes in addition to special bulletins, among others, the intervention reviews", "Signals of GUKPPiW", "Briefing materials". Cases of government, military, economic and other forms of intervention were described. Especially intensive censorship activity was observed in the 1950s.Ex-amples of the omission of fragments or full articles indicate the manipulation of the contents prepared by journalists, becoming, in this way, the co-originators of information.

domain: library


text:
New Gardner Denver Financing Option
Updated: Nov 23, 2020
Times are tough. Gardner Denver just made financing new equipment a lot easier.
Gardner Denver is offering an Economic Stimulus Financing Option to ease the financial burden of purchasing new equipment with capital funds. The first payment will not be due for 90 days after contract commencement. The available rates are 0% for 12 months or 1.9% for 24 months. This is effective immediately and will continue until October 31st, 2020. Orders must be placed by October 31st.
As your air compressor solutions provider, we are continuously searching for opportunities to create value for our customers. Contact us today to learn more about this time sensitive opportunity!
Direct inquiries can be made by contacting:
Brandon Pue, ESA’s Manager of Equipment & Air Treatment

domain: economics


Philadelphia funeral home directors Louis Garzone, Gerald Garzone and James McCafferty have been indicted for robbing bones, spines and tissue from 244 bodies. They allegedly sold the parts for transplantation. The three took much of the tissue from bodies that were unsuitable because of age, disease or condition. The directors falsified documents to make the “donors” appear healthy.
The undertakers allegedly stored the bodies in an alley behind Louis Garzone Funeral Home in Kensington, where much of the work took place, before taking them across the street to Liberty Cremation for disposal.
Two Fort Lee, NJ, men—working through a company called Biomedical Tissue Services—paid the directors $1,000 per body and brokered the body parts. More than 200 Pennsylvanians may have received tissue that originated in Garzone funeral homes.


Two cuppas a day can 'slash skin cancer risk'
Last updated at 09:41 19 April 2007
Scientists found tea-drinkers were at least 65 per cent less likely to get certain types of tumour.
The biggest benefits were seen among long-term drinkers, especially those who downed several cups a day for more than 40 years.
The findings, published in the European Journal of Cancer Prevention, show tea's disease-fighting properties appear to protect the body against squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas.
These types of tumours are not as dangerous as malignant melanomas, which have a high mortality rate, but do affect nearly 70,000 people in Britain every year.
They are usually caused by too much exposure to the sun's rays and grow slowly over a period of months or even years.
Squamous cell carcinomas normally appear on the face and turn into an ulcer-like growth that doesn't heal.
Basal cell carcinomas normally show up as a painless lump that gradually expands in size.
Although they do not normally spread through the body, they still need be removed through surgery.
Britain's favourite hot drink is packed with powerful disease-fighting chemicals and its ability to ward off illness is well known.
Previous studies have found it can protect against heart disease, ovarian cancer and stress.
In the latest study, carried out at Dartmouth Medical School in New Hampshire, US, scientists analysed over 1,400 patients aged between 25 and 74 with one of the two types of tumour.
They compared their diet, drinking habits and lifestyle with a similar group who did not have cancer.
The results showed regular tea drinkers were 65 per cent less likely to have squamous cell carcinoma and almost 80 per less at risk of a basal cell carcinoma.
Dr Judy Rees, who led the research, said: "The constituents of tea have been investigated for their activity against a variety of diseases and cancers. But the most potent appear to be polyphenols."
These are antioxidants that block the damaging effects in the body of molecules known as free radicals.
But she stressed more research is needed to confirm it is the tea, not some other lifestyle factor, which is protecting against the illness.
The study was carried out in the US, where more people drink lemon tea than in the UK. Previous studies have suggested it may be the lemon which actually protects the skin.
Dr Alison Ross, from Cancer Research UK said the results were interesting but "did not provide firm evidence" that tea protects against skin cancer.
She said limiting exposure to the sun's rays was still the best way to reduce the risk.
Most watched News videos
- Beer delivery guys talk down suicidal man using pack of Coors
- Moment parking warden puts ticket on police car in Beeston
- Bugging device records man confessing to killing girlfriend
- Emaciated dog recovering after being starved and left to die
- Bird’s eye view of inequality between slums and suburbs
- Shocking footage shows balaclava-clad thug being mowed down by car
- Brummy family stuck in Bristol make plea to Birmingham City Council
- Air Ambulance chopper seen in London after alleged hammer attack
- SHOCKING video of policeman slapping girl in the face during arrest
- Horrific moment bull repeatedly gores during Spanish festival
- British Airways stewardess sniffs tights in bizarre striptease video
- Thug hit by car left for dead by machete-wielding accomplices


text:
In Como you will find high society flair and turn-of-the-century villa charm! The city of just under 86,000 inhabitants is the capital of the province of Como and the namesake of Lago di Como at the southern end of the left arm of Lake Como. This beautiful town is surrounded by the last foothills of the Alps.
The splendid town centre dates back to the Roman Empire and has the typical grid pattern of the town planning of that time. Here you will find many buildings steeped in history, such as the world-famous Como Cathedral with its gleaming dome. The city has historical roots in pre-Christian times and was considered a trading city in the Roman Empire.
In and around the city centre there are many historic villas and museums with various exhibitions of archaeological and craft objects. Art from the Middle Ages to the modern age can also be found here. The Silk Museum with its documentation of silk processing and objects of ancient weaving art is especially recommended.
In the extensive pedestrian zone in the old town centre you will find many small shops with Italian fashion, shoe fashion, handbags, souvenirs and much more. You will also find plenty of small grocery shops (alimentari), bakeries and restaurants and trattorias serving typical Italian cuisine.
Just outside the city you will find outlet shopping and factory direct sales.
A starting point for beautiful walks can be found in the villa suburb of Brunate, located at the top of the local mountain. The village can be reached by the rack railway near Villa Geno.
Cernobbio is a suburb of Como and known for its famous villas. Villa Erba or the legendary Villa d’Este, which today serves as a luxury hotel and venue for important events, is always worth a visit.
Moltrasio is also a suburb of Como and lies just under 9 kilometres northwest of Como. A popular stop for tourists here is Villa Oleandra in Laglio between Moltrasio and Argegno on the lake road. This is owned by actor George Clooney and therefore often attracts fans who want to see the property for themselves. In addition, the small community exudes its very own charm with its medieval alleys leading up the mountain.
Argegno is a picturesque little holiday resort with a beautiful fishing harbour, a boat landing stage for excursions in all directions, popular restaurants and a beautiful church on the lake. The village of Argegno, with a population of just under 700, lies almost exactly halfway between Como and Menaggio. The stylishly decorated bars, restaurants as well as an enotica and an ice cream parlour around the Piazza Roma invite you to linger.
The Val d’Intelvi, which connects Lake Como with Lake Lugano, begins in Argegno. Here you will find sunny villages in the green and great panoramic views. A paradise for nature lovers and active sportsmen.
Places to visit:
Cerano d’Intelvi is a small mountain village and a characteristic hamlet with lots of medieval elements, such as the portals between the houses and many wall drawings. The village lies on the slopes of Monte San Zeno, on whose summit a small church was built in the 19th century. You will also find a restaurant serving delicious local specialities.
Pognana Lario is a small municipality with about 700 inhabitants and lies on the eastern shore of Lago di Como. Here you will find a beautiful panoramic path that encourages extensive hikes. In the village there are also typical fish restaurants, trattorias and pizzerias. Of course, there are also small alimentari and bakeries.
With the car:
Golfing in Como
With the bicycle:
Horse riding in Como
Hiking, Walking, Mountaineering & Climbing:
wir wünschen Ihnen und Ihren Liebsten einen guten Rutsch ins neue Jahr und viel Glück und Gesundheit.
Wir freuen uns auf Sie im nächsten Jahr am Comer See!
Ihr LABREVA Team
um Ihnen die Weihnachtszeit zu versüßen, haben wir für Sie auf Instagram einen Adventskalender geplant.
An den vier Adventssonntagen warten Gewinnspiele mit tollen Gewinnen rund um Urlaub in einem Feriendomizil am Comer See auf Sie.
Was Sie dafür tun müssen?
Wir wünschen eine schöne Adventszeit und viel Freude beim Mitmachen!
register now for our LABREVA newsletter,
to make sure you don’t miss anything.


21st April to 7th May: Two Months of Music, Art and Literary Events in Devon’s Top Award Winning Market Town. [photo Sophie Neville speaks about Swallows & Amazons. ]
‘The beating heart of the arts in West Devon and East Cornwall!’
Happy 15 th birthday to the Tavistock Festival! The Festival is bigger and better than ever; this
heart of arts and culture in the town, and the whole district, is beating with its unique vibrant
energy – delivering the vital nutrients that music, literature, drama, dance, cinema and the
visual arts can contribute to all our lives. Whether your tastes are for classical, rock or jazz,
the Festival has top artists and ensembles in every style to inspire you, from near and far,
young and less young! If you are keen to learn more about the arts, look out for the carefully
selected series of talks by acknowledged experts on a fascinating range of artistic and historic
Don’t forget, the Tavistock Festival is not only about watching and listening – there are
plenty of events that are an open invitation to everyone to get involved and express
themselves; these include singing workshops, writing projects and special competitions. So,
come on, visitors and locals, young and old – everybody is welcome to feel the pulse of the
Festival and to set your own heartbeat racing with all the excitement!
The 2018 Tavistock Festival CIO, our 16 th and second since becoming a charitable
organisation (charity no. 1169664), again will sing the praises of all that our award winning
market town has to offer. 2018 continues to see us receiving invaluable support, both old and
new, from our marvellous sponsors, to all of whom we are most grateful.
I look forward to seeing you, often, I hope, during the Festival.
- Christopher Kirwin [More Information]


text:
Weʼve raised £370 to Help All Saint’s Health and Community Centre in Manalathu Kudisai, a village near to Varasanadu, in the South Indian region of Tamil Nadu.
- Macclesfield, United Kingdom
- Funded on Wednesday, 20th September 2017
Crowdfunding is a new type of fundraising where you can raise funds for your own personal cause, even if you're not a registered charity.
The page owner is responsible for the distribution of funds raised.
My school - All Hallows has raised over £40,000 since 2008 for the All Saint’s Health and Community Centre in Manalathu Kudisai, a village near to Varasanadu, in the South Indian region of Tamil Nadu.
I am going to visit and help on the project in February and will be involved in making key decisions: and considering issues of development and sustainability, focusing on community health education, provision of medicines, maintenance and transport, to enable outreach to two other local villages. The provision of a resident Doctor is also being considered
Thanks to my school, All Saint’s Centre now has two Community Meeting rooms, and a third floor covered veranda which are used for Health Education, community empowerment groups, and supplementary evening education for the children of the village. The centre has provision for the safe disposal of human waste, toilets and a reliable source of clean cold and warm water, and electricity due to a new bore-hole and solar power. Medicines are now kept at the right temperature and clean water is provided for villagers when other local supplies are scarce. Our partners, the Presentation Sisters talk about how the village is being ‘brought up’ as a result of our support for the project
My challenge is to raise £1,000 to enable me to visit and raise money for the Presentation Sisters to be able to continue helping the village.
Updates appear here
Holly Malins started crowdfunding
Leave a message of support
Sep 19, 2017
Good luck x
Sep 16, 2017
Good luck Holly . Hope to catch up with you and your Mum and Dad soon, Helen, Mark, Ruby n Joe x
Sep 14, 2017
Great Auntie Ann and Great Uncle Malcolm
Aug 24, 2017
Well done for volunteering, hope all goes well.
Aug 21, 2017
So proud of you my gorgeous niece. Xxx Auntie Shelly, Uncle Allan and Samantha xxx
Aug 21, 2017
good luck holly Xx
Aug 21, 2017
Wow Holly! I am sure it will be a life changing experience for you. All the best with the run! Shoba xxx
Crowdfunding stories like this
Great people make things happen
Do you know anyone in need or maybe want to help a local community cause?
Create you own page and donʼt let that cause go unfunded!About Crowdfunding

domain: geography


text:
Select () or exclude () categories to narrow your recipe search.
As you select categories, the number of matching recipes will update.
Find exactly what you're looking for with the web's most powerful recipe filtering tool.
1/3 Photos of Asian Beef Noodle Soup
Loaded with vegetables this Asian beef noodle soup is also low in calories but full of flavor.
Units: US | Metric
Serving Size: 1 (453 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 4
The following items or measurements are not included:


The discovery of the Congressional Research Service memorandum that Congress used to thwart inquiries by millions of citizens on Obama’s eligibility is a straw great enough to break this camel’s back. It demonstrates the Congress, with full use of resources we have provided them through our tax dollars, abusing that power to crush the American people. From Attorney Apuzzo:
This internal memorandum to Members of Congress is the smoking gun that absolutely proves that every Member of Congress knew that Obama was never vetted by anyone or any institution as to his constitutional eligibility to be President and Commander in Chief of the military … and yet Congress did NOTHING about it. This lack of vetting by anyone was detailed starting on page 19 of the Kerchner et al v Obama et al Complaint filed in Jan 2009.
How dare the republicans–laughing at birthers with the democrats and their hands dirty with this memo leaked–now claim they have a mandate to continue this charade as they gobble up the spoils of America before we even get home the next day after work? Never mentioning eligibility, just because no one is required to vet a candidate?
How dare they consider any other agenda right now than stopping this treason and espionage? Every day they walk away from eligibility is a step closer to the cliff edge they will find themselves on.
The CRS memorandum, which was ‘not supposed to be released to the public’, adds to the damning evidence pieced together in the last two years…and explains why the DNC and Nancy Pelosi lied with malice aforethought. Conspiracy to commit fraud bags any and all of them. And those
conservatives Americans must come out right now in favor of an Article II qualified President investigation or risk losing their support as true constitutionalists.
We must not let up…it will be time within months to go and shut them down until this is addressed. They apparently need to experience the usurpation of their offices by We the People.
Letter to the Congressional Research Service
Subject: CRS Memorandum on Qualifications for the Office of the President of the United States and Legal Challenges to the Eligibility of a Candidate, April 3, 2009
Dear Sir or Madame:
The above-referenced memorandum, written in 2009 by Jack Maskell of the CRS American Law Division, provides insight into the nearly uniform response of Congress to literally millions of requests from constituents for information on the constitutional qualifications of Barack Obama to serve as President of the United States.
Your website claims that
“CRS is well-known for analysis that is authoritative, confidential, objective and nonpartisan. Its highest priority is to ensure that Congress has 24/7 access to the nation’s best thinking.”
Rather than providing the ‘nation’s best thinking’ on the constitutional question of such enormous significance, the Congressional Research Service appears to have done nothing but perform partisan, narrowly-focused research, keep the American electorate at bay, confuse the issue, and allow Congress to violate the due process rights of every American by failing to affirm the constitutional eligibility of Barack Obama.
As a consequence, we now know that no one in the United States government, nor the political parties, has verified the constitutional eligibility of Barack Obama. Should not that have raised at least a small red flag with the CRS as to the consequences of not verifying the constitutional eligibility of a Presidential candidate?
Since the CRS operates at the request of and is responsive to the research requests of Congress, I am requesting the identity of the person or persons soliciting this opinion of the CRS, and when the request was made. Furthermore, I am inquiring as to whether the CRS was instructed to come up with a certain result in its research.
I would appreciate your prompt reply.
Since I expect no reply, I am preparing a FOIA request just to let them know we know.
Its time. Hear it whistling?


Swiss Made CNC Machine Tools.
Swiss Made Assembly Automation & Vision Inspection solutions.
We are the sole UK and Ireland agent for BULA, RECOMATIC AND CIPOSA providing engineered surface finish solutions, bespoke machinery & automation to manufacturers.
Agent and Distributor of industry leading machinery, we offer the latest in machine tool technologies and bespoke machinery to meet the needs of all metalworking and automated assembly applications. We collaborate with you to supply the best solution for your application with our full product offering innovative CNC machine tool technology for Grinding, Milling, Polishing, Lapping, Deburring, Brushing and more.
We offer the highest level of quality and accuracy for all your AUTOMATION needs in Feeding, Handling, Insertion, Screwing, Dispensing, Dosing, Filling, Vision applications, Testing modules , Measurements modules, Laser-Welding/Marking, Heat sealing, Printing & Marking, Labelling.
Mastrini MS Ltd. is a family business based in South Wales, UK, established by Benoit Mastrini.
We are specialised in assessing existing grinding and polishing processes and suggesting optimised solutions that can drastically reduce machining times whilst improving quality, making your products more competitive.
Ciposa develop specialised Micro-Assembly & Vision Inspection equipment that can handle even the smallest of components with high levels of speed and control. Capable of being scaled to different requirements, Ciposa’s innovative modular designs ensure multidisciplinary precision. Through optimising output and ensuring quality with precision using these leading technologies, we aim to strengthen our customers’ positioning in their industries.
CNC Machine tools:
Small and Micro Automation:


As a specialist engineering recruitment agency, Six Degrees works closely with organisations in FMCG, Pharmaceutical, Healthcare, Industrial Manufacturing & Services to recruit high-quality engineers across all levels up to executives.
Well-rounded, high performing engineers are in high demand in Australia, as companies broaden their expectations for engineering professionals beyond core technical competencies. Increasingly, engineering jobs require professionals with a broader business and commercial understanding of their work, the ability to lead teams, and effectively communicate, negotiate and influence to bring about change.
We recruit engineering roles such as Project, Chemical, Process, Electrical, Automation, Mechanical, Reliability and Continuous Improvement with experience in some of the key areas below.
- Capital Projects Experience
- Greenfield and Brownfield developments
- Experience with Software e.g. AutoCAD, Solidworks, REVIT
- Commissioning equipment
We are currently recruiting in industries such as FMCG, Pharmaceuticals, Healthcare and Industrial Manufacturing. If you are interested in having a confidential chat, please reach out to Arvin Timpoc on 0481 527 697 or


text:
If you have a last will and testament, powers of attorney and/or living trust prepared elsewhere, such as online, and are in need of a notary (some banks are unwilling to notarize an estate plan), contact us and we can provide on-site notary services or meet at our office.
Our fee is $45 to notarize a last will and testament and powers of attorney (includes living wills and other related estate planning documents).
Our fee is $85 to notarize a living trust (which includes pour over wills, power of attorneys, living wills and other related estate planning documents).
Additional mobile notary fees:
Ahwatukee, Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa and Tempe
+$25 in Scottsdale
+$35 in Glendale and Phoenix
All other cities in Arizona - call (480) 229-6220
During the notarization, we are happy to explain the various documents in the estate plan if you have questions about any parts of your estate plan.
Notarization is free for clients whose estate plans are prepared by Four Peaks Planning, Inc.
Call for fees to notarize other documents.

domain: law


text:
Save the blue jewel of Siberia
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President of Mongolia; Vladimir Putin, President of Russia; Xi Jinping, President of China; Jim Yong Kim, President of the World Bank:
We, concerned citizens from around the world, call on you to protect the world’s deepest lake from Mongolia's hydro plant construction plants. It’s a short-sighted plan that will destroy the lake and its wildlife without giving Mongolia the energy it needs. We urge you to, instead, fund environmentally-friendly wind farms and solar stations in Mongolia’s Gobi desert -- and stop this environmental disaster before it’s too late.
Enter your email address:
No one wants this...not Russians, not Mongolians, not the world -- just the powerful Mongolian hydro lobby. And we have a moment to stop it -- starting May 21st, the World Bank Inspection Panel will present findings to the Board of Directors on how the project is harmful to the lake and they will make a decision about the plan. The President of the Bank, Dr. Jim Yong Kim, has expressed interest in ensuring energy sustainability in developing countries. We can support the panel and show him that there’s a better way: wind and solar farms in Mongolia’s Gobi desert.
If the World Bank rejects the hydro plan, other potential investors, such as theChinese Export Import Bank is more likely to reject it too.Click to call on Dr. Kim along with the presidents of Mongolia, China, and Russia to protect the landmark-- when our call reaches the depths of Lake Baikal, we’ll deliver the petition straight to the World Bank, as well as the presidents' offices,and make a massive splash in the media:

domain: news


text:
Kottiyam suicide: Court to hear anticipatory bail plea of serial actress, husband on September 23
Kollam: TV serial actress Lakshmi Pramod and husband moved anticipatory bail plea at the Kollam Principal Sessions Court in connection with the suicide of a woman in Kottiyam here. The court will consider their plea on September 23.
The duo moved the petition on Friday. The court deferred the hearing into the anticipatory bail plea from Tuesday to September 23 after police sought time.
The woman committed suicide after her fiancé Harish backtracked from his promise of marriage. Following the suicide, police booked Harish as the key accused in the case.
Lakshmi Pramod is the sister in law of the accused. Recently, the probe team interrogated Lakshmi and her husband.
It was alleged that Lakshmi produced a fake marriage certificate of the victim to take her for an abortion. However, the police have only arrested Harish in the case so far.
The woman, a native of Valathungal, was found hanged at her residence in Kottiyam on September 3. She was in a relationship with Harish for a long time. Their engagement and ‘Valayidal’ ceremony were also conducted. But later, Harish refused to marry her. Following this, the woman committed suicide.
(Suicide is not a solution to any problem. Please seek the help of a mental health expert if you are under distress. Contact toll free number: 1056)


Scrolling through Twitter is like wading through a steaming pool of hot trash. But among the depressing stories, exhausting criticism, and increasingly aggressive interactions between people who don't agree, you may stumble across a bright light of wholesomeness: Bongo Cat.
Bongo Cat is an adorable drawing of a cat-like figure with pointed ears, a pleasant smile, and little pink paws that pat on whatever instrument its creators add. The little cat, which seems to embody all that is good in the world, brings joy to the internet with its endless knowledge of songs.
Although the meme has been around throughout the summer, it's been rapidly gaining popularity over the last week.
The meme started with a doodle by @StrayRogue, who said they "post from time to time, just for myself and my followers."
In the GIF, a little creature — which StrayRogue clarified is a "cat-like blob" and "not actually a cat" — pats its little paws on a table as if it's waiting for a meal or tapping out a jaunty tune.
This is what Bongo Cat's full body looks like, according to StrayRogue.
Fellow artist @DitzyFlama added a cheery song and a set of bongos for the little cat-blob to drum on.
Since May, @DitzyFlama has inspired other artists to post their versions of the cat-blob.
Meme account @pormethamemez edited a version in mid-May of the cat shredding an electric guitar.
The meme blew up when @ItsAbouTimeJoey posted an edit of the cat dancing to Earth, Wind, and Fire's "September."
DitzyFlama even made a tribute to Stefán Karl Stefánsson, who played Robbie Rotten on Lazy Town and was mourned by the internet earlier this year after he passed away.
The cat-like blob's creator was surprised that their absentminded doodle became so widely shared.
"I never expected it to take off this far," StrayRogue said over Twitter DM. "It does make me happy seeing all the alternate versions that people come up with."
They noted that it's probably so well loved because it reminds people of the classic keyboard cat meme, adding that because it's such a simple format, it's flexible enough to be "rehashed in many different forms."
"Overall though, I'm just happy it turned out to be something people like," StrayRogue said.
So if you need a break from the rest of the internet, watch a few Bongo Cat videos. Your brain will thank you.


text:
Grad is over and grades are in, I survived the school year. Living in the Pacific Northwest the days are still a bit cool and not as sunny as I would wish but that’s okay because the count down is on until the next big trip.
I have managed to get mom and dad to some pretty amazing places, last year was a 2 week trip around the UK.
The year before we drove around Iceland for 10 days.
But I have wanted to take my dad on safari for 15+ years. This summer I finally get the chance. We’ve been planning for about a year and the final 7 day count down has begun. We will spend 24 hours in th air (3 flights; 1 hour, 15 hours and 8 hours) before landing in Johannesburg, South Africa. We will be met at the airport by our tour guide from Explendor Tours. Then we have an amazing 15 day tour planned. You’ll have to stay tuned to read all about it and see the amazing photos.
As I was writing this Mom came over to let me know that she had been in contact with the tour group to ask some final questions and see how many people were going to be joining us on our tour. She is very excited because the answer to that question is 0. It will be mom, dad, myself, the guide, and his wife. That is all. Very excited to get to go on what is now a private tour.


The Komotini Combined Cycle Power Plant is 665MW gas fired power project. It is planned in East Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. According to GlobalData, who tracks and profiles over 170,000 power plants worldwide, the project is currently at the under construction stage. It will be developed in a single phase. The project construction is likely to commence in 2021 and is expected to enter into commercial operation in December 2024. Buy the profile here.
The project is being developed and currently owned by Public Power. The company has a stake of 100%.
It is a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plant.
The project cost is expected to be around $571.834m.
The Gas fired project consists of 1 steam turbine with 215MW nameplate capacity.
The Gas fired project consists of 1 gas turbine with 450MW nameplate capacity.
The project construction is expected to commence from 2021. Subsequent to that it will enter into commercial operation by December 2024.
For more details on Komotini Combined Cycle Power Plant, buy the profile here.
About Public Power
Public Power Corporation SA (PPC) is a vertically integrated electric utility. It generates, transmits and distributes electricity to the customers. The company produces energy using the lignite, hydro, natural gas, oil, wind and solar sources. It is the largest company in Greece and operated thermal, hydro and RES power plants.PPC owns power generation projects and energy transmission assets across the country and holds interests in lignite mines in Lignite Centers of West Macedonia and Megalopolis. It is owned by Greek State, Hellenic Republic Asset Development fund, EFKA and Tayteko/Teapap-PPC fund, and other investors. PPC serves residential, agricultural, commercial, industrial customers, public lighting, traction and public authorities in Greece and regions abroad. The company has sales offices across the country. PPC is headquartered in Athens, Greece.


2019 Audi A7 Release Date And Price – Audi has began the first general public roadway trial offers of the following technology A7. We’re still at the check mule stage, which implies the technicians are examining the manufacturer-new mechanicals inside the entire makeshift body of an existing design, nevertheless even at this particular early on phase, we can presently collect a few details. Audi has actually and finally began deal with the second technology of their big 5-front door coupe, this 2019 Audi A7 Sportback. This particular prototype discloses improvement continues to be in the early phases, as engineers are sharpening different elements utilizing the present design as a check mattress. When you ‘d foresee at its price level and readily available needs, the actual 2019 Audi A7 gives charity aiding of ease and performance, making it automobile personal-luxury of any quite high order.
However that’s not really what sets it separate; there are lots of automobiles in this school that, in differing diplomas, provide accurately the very same. Just what makes the A7 distinctive is that it is between individuals strange bits of the kinetic statue that will make its owner thankful for your provider of perspective. As before, the A7 will be practically just like the product A6 but will get a better group of gear and of course different body.
2019 Audi A7 Engine
The bottom engine ought to be a turbocharged 2.-liter several-tube offering 252 horsepower and 273 pound-ft of torque. This gadget makes its launching in the 2018 A4. A connect-in hybrid A7 is confidence; there ought to likewise be a battery-electric powered selection at some time. Audi offers similarly intended a gas cellular-outfitted A7. 2 types connected with 2019 Audi A7 have got been set up for providing high-grade performance they are known as Audi RS7 along with Audi S7. It is expected which a richer variety of diesel in addition to fuel engines is going to enter into the A7 versions. There is sources present which suggest to adding twin-turbocharged V6 engine.
According to the resources which are based on enterprise 4. l, TFSI V8 engines will be responsible for allowing to those variants. No affirmation related with hybrid design possesses, in fact, existed yet. Nonetheless, we will have to wait some more reports.
See Also: 2019 Audi A5 Convertible For Sale
2019 Audi A7 Design And Changes
2019 Audi A7 is more incredible compared to initially design since the functions are created to deal with the current need and design among the enthusiasts. It’s visible appear is fantastic using the exterior look that is certainly incredibly attractive and appealing for the future market. It will likely be designed with five entrance doors creating it as aa fantastic vehicle using impressive and great design. The new method is introduced about offer a longer period sizing so that the place for its cottage is improved using the sufficient region for head and lower leg region.
Creating this media area and outside more charming than the forerunner, Audi includes some changes to supply. At first, it offers bigger front door that will make you quicker to accessibility the bungalow. The design and style are fairly best with all the well-formed entrance area fender and more competitive appear. 2019 Audi A7 is also produced using the new front side front lamps which have the most recent LED improvement and solitary-frame bar-b-que bbq grill. The indoor and outdoor includes a much longer period, larger and larger design. The infotainment product is strengthened with Gps navigation routing, sound system, stereo, Universal serial bus and Wireless link. Its fuel usage must have to do with 24 miles per gallon in the city and 35 miles per gallon on the highway. The protection systems are security totes, seatbelts, vehicle auto parking personnel, anti–robbery alarm system, safety control, grip control and a lot more.
2019 Audi A7 Release Date And Price
The particular bottom price of 2019 Audi A7 is going to be increased, so it will be higher than the current product because this latest sedan utilizes the good quality platform. Because the outcome, the price will start around $75,000. By the speculation, in the long run of 2018, the most recent Audi A7 will be accessible at one of the Western Motor Display. However, one other gossip describes this fresh sedan should come in 2019.