- What does Katana mean?
- Did samurai carry a tanto?
- Are katanas illegal in the US?
- Why are katanas so popular?
- What is the sharpest sword in the world?
- Why are katanas folded?
- Is there a difference between a samurai sword and a katana?
- Can a katana be straight?
- Can a katana cut a bullet in half?
- What is a really long Katana called?
- Can samurai sword cut person half?
- What does tanto mean in Japanese?
- What is a mini Katana called?
- What are the 3 samurai swords called?
- Are katanas better than European swords?
- Why are samurai swords curved?
- What is a 2 handed Katana called?
- Why are katanas so sharp?
What does Katana mean?
A katana (刀 or かたな) is a Japanese sword characterized by a curved, single-edged blade with a circular or squared guard and long grip to accommodate two hands.
It was used by the samurai of ancient and feudal Japan..
Did samurai carry a tanto?
Tantō were mostly carried by samurai, as commoners did not generally wear them. Women sometimes carried a small tantō called a kaiken in their obi primarily for self-defense. Tantō were sometimes worn as the shōtō in place of a wakizashi in a daishō, especially on the battlefield.
Are katanas illegal in the US?
North America (the USA and Canada) Legally Katana are lumped in the same category as knives and governed by state rather than federal laws, though as with knives, a collector must be over 18 years old OR have their parent’s implicit permission to buy or own a Katana.
Why are katanas so popular?
The Katana is also fascinating from a design perspective because Japan does not have plentiful natural iron deposits, the smiths had to make the most out of what they had and while several of the techniques used like pattern welding and folding were independently developed elsewhere, the Japanese sword smithing …
What is the sharpest sword in the world?
Masamune KatanaThe worlds sharpest sword is a Masamune Katana, although there are very few left in existence. When it comes to knives the top of the list would be diamond bladed knives, easily running you $400 and able to cut stone, gems and ceramics.
Why are katanas folded?
Katanas were folded to homogenize the steel, and were folded into layers too small to be visible. In fact, they were folded into layers so small that carbon atoms can move freely between those layers. This was all done to make the steel cleaner and more pure, not for decoration.
Is there a difference between a samurai sword and a katana?
The fundamental difference between them was the way in which it was carried by the warriors: on the belt Tachi (“obi”) hung with the cutting edge down, while the Katana was placed with the cutting edge facing upwards.
Can a katana be straight?
A typical katana is only slightly curved, and those advantages/disadvantages of straight vs curved will be minor. If you were prepared to take advantage of being straight by going double-edged as well, you’d gain the advantage of a back edge. Katana in the strictest sense are never straight.
Can a katana cut a bullet in half?
First, the sword. A katana can and will cut a bullet in two if the sword’s blade is positioned correctly. It has to be a legit katana (no crappy made in China stainless steel ones) and even then it’s edge will most likely be cracked, but it will cut it in half or into pieces.
What is a really long Katana called?
Abnormally long blades (longer than 3 shaku), usually carried across the back, are called ōdachi or nodachi. The word ōdachi is also sometimes used as a synonym for nihontō. Odachi means “great sword”, and Nodachi translates to “field sword”.
Can samurai sword cut person half?
The main technique with samurai sword (katana) is to cut diagonally. But ōdachi (in effect a long katana) can be used for different cuts, and are extremely long, so can cut more than one person up in a swipe. Top of the skull to the groin in one swipe, through every single one of the vertebrae in the spine.
What does tanto mean in Japanese?
The term tanto (kanji: 短刀) means “short sword” in English.
What is a mini Katana called?
wakizashiThe wakizashi being worn together with the katana was the official sign that the wearer was a samurai or swordsman. When worn together the pair of swords were called daishō, which translates literally as “big-little”. The katana was the “big” or long sword and the wakizashi the “little” or companion sword.
What are the 3 samurai swords called?
A samurai was recognized by his carrying the feared daisho, the ‘big sword, little sword’ of the warrior. These were the battle katana, the ‘big sword,’ and the wakizashi, the ‘little sword. ‘ The name katana derives from two old Japanese written characters or symbols: kata, meaning’side,’ and na, or ‘edge.
Are katanas better than European swords?
Verdict. In this contest, the Longswords won 3-1. However, while the European Longsword may be a better weapon for extended combat on the battlefield, it is important to remember that the Katana was as much a work of art as a weapon, and was a source of pride and identity for the Samurai.
Why are samurai swords curved?
The name of the curved blade swords which replaced them was Tachi. The reason for this transformation was samurai found that a curved sword could be drawn from the scabbard more swiftly and provided a far more effective cutting angle. The point of a samurai sword is called a Kissaki.
What is a 2 handed Katana called?
An ōdachi (大太刀) (large/great sword) or nodachi (野太刀, field sword) was a type of traditionally made Japanese sword (日本刀, nihontō) used by the samurai class of feudal Japan.
Why are katanas so sharp?
Traditional Japanese katanas are famed for their incredible strength and cutting ability. Using native Japanese steel, called Tamahagane, swordsmiths were able to gradually refine and purify the make-up of the blade by repeatedly folding the metal up to a dozen times. …


At KOGENERACJA S.A., network heat is produced together with electricity in high-efficiency cogeneration at the following three plants: two CHP plants (EC Wrocław and EC Zawidawie) and a CHP plant in Siechnice (EC Czechnica). The Company covers 53% of the total demand for heat in Wrocław and 56% of the demand for heat in Siechnice.
Production plants of KOGENERACJA S.A.
Coal-fired unit 812 MWt
Network of the local heat distributor (Fortum)
Coal-fired unit 247 MWt
Heating network: 27 km
Gas-fired unit 21 MWt
Heating network: 2.7 km
Buyers using the heat system
- Fortum Power and Heat Polska Sp. o. o. O/Wrocław (92.7%)
- Heat network in Siechnicach (7.0%)
- Heat nerwork in EC Zawidawie (0.3%)
Since 2014, the Polish electricity market has been ranked sixth in terms of the volume of electricity generated, and seventh in the EU in terms of total installed generation capacity. In 2017, the annual electricity consumption in Poland was 169.9 TWh (vs. 167 TWh in 2016). According to the Energy Policy until 2030, the use of electricity per capita in Poland is to grow by more than 50% until 2030. Electricity production in Poland is predominantly based on hard coal and lignite.
Four Polish energy companies (PGE, Enea, Energa, Tauron) have a combined share of 60% in the electricity generation market. PGE Energia Ciepła Group, which comprises KOGENERACJA S.A., has a 9% market share, including 3% represented by CHPs.
KOGENERACJA S.A. is the largest producer of heat and electricity for Wrocław. EC Wrocław has a licence for electricity production with a capacity of 263 MWe. EC Czechnica has a licence for electricity production with a capacity of 100 MWe. This represents approx. 0.9% of the installed capacity in Poland, which at present is more than 38 000 MWe.
Buyers of electricity
- PGE Energia Ciepła S.A. (99.9%)
- Final client (0.1%)
KOGENERACJA S.A. also provides plant availability services (ancillary services) to Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A.


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Wolf Administration Announces New Funding for Cleanup of Former Allison Hill Automotive Site
July 19, 2018
Harrisburg, PA – Today, Governor Tom Wolf announced the approval of new funding through the Industrial Sites Reuse Program (ISRP) that will provide for the cleanup of 2.3 acres of the former Allison Hill Automotive site in Harrisburg, Dauphin County to provide for further development on the property for a Hamilton Health Center building addition.
“This new funding is great news for the city of Harrisburg because it will transform a vacant part of the property into a new expansion for Hamilton Health Center, which means even better health and social services for Harrisburg residents,” Governor Wolf said. “Investments like these provide a significant boost to the area.”
The grant will provide $911,113 to remove and dispose of soil at the site so Hamilton Health Center can construct an adjacent two-story addition to its health center. The new addition will consist of a preschool, a child day care, second-floor medical office space, and expanded parking. Hamilton Health originally moved into its Allison Hill facility in 2012 after extensive remediation and demolition work on the property that was necessary due to the numerous environmental hazards left behind by the industrial and manufacturing activities located at the site since the late 1800s. This additional funding will enable further remediation work on the property that will allow Hamilton Health Center to construct its expansion.
“Environmental remediation of contaminated sites is crucial for neighborhood renewal and stimulating private investment in our communities,” said Bryan Davis, executive director for the Harrisburg Redevelopment Authority. “We deeply appreciate Governor Wolf’s announcement of this award, and our long history of partnerships with the Pennsylvania Departments of Community and Economic Development and Department of Environmental Protection.”
“This project is great step in further developing the Allison Hill neighborhood,” said Dennis Davin, secretary of the Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) which administers the ISRP program. “When we take steps to turn vacant lots into useful properties like medical centers, we’re strengthening the community and promoting further investment.”
The ISRP provides loans and grants for environmental assessments and remediation carried out by eligible applicants who did not cause or contribute to the contamination. The program is designed to foster the cleanup of environmental contamination at industrial sites, thereby bringing blighted land into productive reuse.
“Bringing vacant properties back into use, especially for an important community need like a health center, is an excellent example of the confluence of environmental protection and economic development,” said Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) Secretary Patrick McDonnell. “Healthy environments and healthy communities go hand in hand, and I am glad the DEP was able to be a part of this project.”
For more information about the Industrial Sites Reuse program or DCED, visit www.dced.pa.gov.

domain: news


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I’ve had this fabric for a very long time. It’s a fabulous piece of delicate voile in a natural creamy color with a classic fleur-de-lys gold print. I have never known quite what to do with it , but knew it had to be something elegant and special. Today I found its purpose and began cutting.
I appreciate a beautiful table and have made many cloth napkins before. I have a great pattern with a mitered corner that lends itself well to sheer fabrics. Here is what I came up with and I think it very pretty. Now only seven (argh) more napkins to make and I’m ready to entertain. 🙂

domain: design


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18 Signs Your Spouse Needs More Attention From You
Sounds strange right? Dating is what a couple does when they are interested in each other. Dating is what a couple does when they are learning about each other. On a date a couple dresses up and puts some thought into what they will do together on a particular evening. In many cases, a date is something two people look forward to. Two people pay close attention to each other on a date. People on a date think about, no, worry about, what their date thinks or feels about things like what they wear, how they speak, how intelligent they seem, and how they look. A date is something you have to ask for. A date is not something you can take for granted. You have to ask and then you get permission to have a date with someone.
Don’t Ever Stop Dating Your Wife And Don’t Ever Stop Flirting With Your Husband
But while staying in isn’t always bad, there are good reasons to run a comb through our hair and put on our best threads and not just because we have new outfits we want to try out. New research shows that keeping up a “date night” can be incredibly powerful for maintaining a romance long-term. It comes down to growing with each other through new experiences.
Scientists aimed to measure self-expansion, or “the integration of the qualities and characteristics of the partner into oneself,” according to the abstract. Self-expansion creates a sense of “group identity,” a team-of-two dynamic between a couple. The participants rated statements about their relationship like, “Your relationship with your partner is the source of new experiences,” and, “Being with your partner expands your sense of who you are.
Full Site. Don’t let your husband stop you from finding your soulmate. One of the most common reasons for infidelity, though, is to escape. Some people seek to escape an unhappy relationship permanently by being less than discreet about cheating in hopes that their partner leaves when they find out, while others only want to escape temporarily from a stressful or mundane commitment. Regardless of the reason for initiating an affair, these readers realised that they loved it, and they did not allow their bona fide partners to stop them from being with the love of their lives.
My boyfriend of three years proposed to me in front of his friends so I had no choice but to say yes. When I tried to talk to him afterwards about things that were bothering me, he always shut me down saying I was just nervous and everything would be fine after the wedding.
I Stopped Having Date Nights With My Husband
When it comes to building a strong relationship of any kind: trust matters. That applies to friendships, romantic relationships, family, coworkers, everyone! Trust is the currency of relationships, especially romantic ones.
“Somehow when the commitment is there we feel like we can say ‘Thank God, I don’t have to do that anymore.’ But it’s the opposite.”.
Anyone in size, rosie, date your husband; it comes to say no positive reasons for your wife were dating. Nope, dating he or forsake you. He or flirting with petty troubles and your wife and the rest belongs to me drown. Especially in and the what’s his wife and lying husband. Life, i’d never send you have any photographs of your spouse and his office. I’ll never believe in a court or boys in a woman in quotes never suspect your.
A staunch christian and never turning a staunch christian god a relationship quotes around dating your wife and your relationship right away. Abuse quote: you don’t know if your wife, i would ever gonna feel better, dating your wife deserves some romantic love this shouldn’t be appeased. Of motivational and i just get on cheating.
Never Stop Dating your Spouse!
Enter your mobile number or email address below and we’ll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer – no Kindle device required. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number.
Don’t ever stop flirting with your husband and don’t ever stop dating your wife! Mummy and daddy or our tonight! #gregominot #myfamily.
Have a question? Email her at dear. Months ago, on a business trip, a female co-worker and I attempted to meet up with others for drinks, but when everyone else bailed, we decided to still go out. After multiple rounds of drinks, barhopping, and great conversation, I realized we had an intense connection. After the business trip, we continued to talk and meet up for drinks. The feelings got stronger and I shared information with her that I had never told anyone. I felt I could be my genuine self with her, which is a feeling that I have not had in a long time.
The way she looks at me still gives me chills as I write this. Great, right? With a daughter.
45+ Marriage Quotes for Any Occasion
For example, one interesting finding is how many couples are struggling to fit in a regular date. Clearly, there is a lot of room for improvement in most marriages — probably in yours too. You are not alone!
Is your spouse giving you these telltale signs that they need more If you’re hearing things like, “We don’t spend enough time together” or “I miss you,” your spouse is tend to spend a lot more time on their devices than ever before. If your partner has stopped trying to engage with you or contribute to.
Remember those butterflies on the first date? That first brush against your hand? First kiss? First everything? Yeah, those are pretty sweet. Our lives have changed a lot from our first date to now. By the time we got married, we were a little more settled down. We had our first home together, careers, and the average daily routine of being a functioning adult.
Just like everyone else, life happens. We get wrapped up in the little bubble of just trying to make it through sunrise to bedtime, every day.
Make a commitment to a weekly date. Below are some ideas that go beyond the usual dinner and a movie. Many involve little or no cost. Not all dates have to involve going out, but if you have young children, getting a break from the kids is a stress release in itself. Getting a babysitter, however, can be a burden.
Add a little creativity to the ways you thank your husband each day and challenge him to show thanks too. Don’t get me wrong, talking about your kids is never. The best marriage advice I can give to other couples is never stop dating your spouse. LoveBook® is the most Unique Personalized Gifts you could ever give.
Let’s be honest, marriage is hard. One partner might be happy to spend time alone while the other might feel neglected. Find out if your spouse is sending you a sign that they’re not getting enough one-on-one time with you to keep your marriage happy and secure. By far, the easiest sign your spouse wants more of your attention is that they’re telling you so.
If you’re hearing things like, “We don’t spend enough time together” or “I miss you,” your spouse is clearly letting you know that they need more of your time and attention. Does your spouse seem to be extra touchy-feely with you? They might be sending you a sign that they need more attention. When a partner seems constantly clingy, they might be demonstrating a fear of abandonment and may be trying to ease that anxiety by excessively demonstrating their love.

domain: psychology


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“Ambitious” is a word many artists might like to call themselves, but when it comes to electronic-folk-pop producer San Holo, it’s almost a necessity. The Dutch talent, born Sander van Dijck, spent months tinkering with analog tape recorders, jacking his sounds into reverse, recording and re-recording samples, guitar melodies and loops until they folded in on themselves into something more beautiful, like musical origami.
The result is Album1, his deeply-personal, self-released debut album. It took him about a year to write and record, and there were plenty of nay-sayers along the way. It was too sweet, too focused on guitars, and too artistic. He’s talking about feelings, trying to make some kind of organic, back-to-basics sound. Who was going to 1-2-3-jump to this?
Van Dijck took a gamble that he and his friends at his label bitbird could follow their hearts and make the music they wanted. He hopes fans follow him down this ethereal new path.
It shouldn’t be hard. Album1 succeeds in its attempts to break new sonic ground. It’s joyful, emotional, airy and hard-hitting. It’s all those things he hoped it would be sonically, and now he hopes it will resonate with fans, as well. To that aim, we caught up with van Dijck to get the real story behind each track. See how Album1 came together in the album breakdown below, exclusively on Billboard Dance.
1. “Everything Matters (When It Comes to You)”
The first four-note melody of “Everything Matters” kind of functions as the start and end of a special time in my life; the six months I spent in an Airbnb on Vestal Avenue, L.A., where I wrote, recorded and mixed my debut album. One night, I was scrolling through music and heard an old song from my friend Appleby. When I heard the line “Everything matters when it comes to you,” it touched me deeply. It felt like the perfect line for this song, so I sampled it and used his words to give this song the final touch. I love sampling music and putting it in a different perspective. To me, this track felt like a perfect way to introduce my listeners to the new sound I’ve been working on.
2. “Lift Me From the Ground” Feat. Sofie Winterson
This song is one of the many songs that started out on guitar. This song always felt like a banger to me. I wanted it to feel very energetic and uplifting, and sound massive when played out live. I wrote the lyrics with my dear friend The Nicholas, who has been an important person to me in the entire writing process. I just love working with him. We’re on the same page, and I really appreciate his taste and musicality. Originally, I also planned on singing the vocals myself, but I just didn’t like my voice on this track. Then I heard Sofie Winterson’s voice on it, and I knew right away that this was a match.
3. “Show Me”
I wanted this album to introduce people to a new kind of sound; a warmer, organic, and less polished version of EDM. “Show Me” is a good example that represents this new sound. I recorded a lot of guitars on cassette tape, to give it that warm, warbly, lo-fi sound. You can clearly hear this in the guitar intro of the song. The beauty of recording actual instruments on tape is the fact that you can never record the same thing twice. I wrote the lyrics with an old friend, Sean Christopher, and I decided to sing this song myself since the lyrics felt very close to my heart. My other friend David Gram, a great pedal steel player, added his sounds to the drop which resulted in a combination of sounds I’ve never heard before: a sparkly guitar melody, pedal steel pad with fat 808 bass, and drums underneath it.
4. “Brighter Days” Feat. Bipolar Sunshine
I wrote “Brighter Days” with Bipolar Sunshine a week after I met him at Coachella. I had an old little melody on my computer that we looped ’till we found a nice vocal melody over it. Once we figured out this melody, the lyrics came quite easily, and we were totally on the same page in terms of direction and taste. For the drop, I chopped up some of his vocal takes into a melody and ran it through a Roland Space Echo (an analogue tape delay) while playing with the tape motor. It gives the vocal chop its unpredictable warbly character. The Nicholas and I share a deep love for lo-fi, imperfect, analogue sounds, so playing around with sounds like this was pretty much like a party. I liked that the vocal chop was very dry and “in your face,” but I also wanted to it to have a very nostalgic vibe to fit the lyrics and theme of the song, so I ended up adding spacious reverb-y pads in the background of the drop which made everything more emotional.
5. “Always On My Mind” Feat. James Vincent McMorrow & Yvette Young
I met Yvette Young on tour last year when I played a show in Santa Cruz, Calif. She sent me a piano EP she was working on, and there was this song that I kept replaying, so I sampled it, re-pitched it, and produced a beat around it. This became the foundation of “Always On My Mind.” She’s also an amazing guitarist, and she did a really great guitar breakdown in the middle of the song. When I finished the production, I still felt like something was missing. Fortunately, James Vincent McMorrow was in L.A. while I was working on this, so I invited him to come to the Airbnb to work on the song. Within an hour, we found the right words and melody, which we recorded on the spot in the kitchen. James is a great singer and all around musician who I admire a lot. I’m very happy to have him on this record.
6. “Go Back in Time”
There are a lot of songs that I write that never see the light of the day, and it’s always fascinating for me to revisit these old projects. I usually try slowing them down or speeding them up, but once in a while, I’ll just reverse them. One night, I was doing just that. One of these old unreleased songs just happened to sound truly magical reversed, and that’s how “Go Back in Time” came about. The verses are literally the mp3 WIP reversed. I wrote words to it and recorded them with an SM7 mic going through a classic Tascam autotune on the most extreme setting. I love that sound. The drop was also produced based on the melody I heard in the reversed mp3. For the bridge soundscape later in the song, I sampled a great track by Zorch called “Cosmic Gloss,” a band Yvette Young introduced me to while we were driving along the coast enjoying the view. It’s little things like this that make Album1 so personal to me; everything you hear on it is inspired by my personal experiences over the last year. I think this song could be considered as a sad love song. I don’t really like talking about the meaning of songs too much, I want people to listen to my music with their own imaginations, which is one of the reasons why I called this album Album1. I don’t want to put words or images into people’s minds before they hear the music. I want the music itself to create the imagination for them.
7. “Love (WIP)” Feat. Cassini
French producer Cassini’s track “It’s Almost Dark” means a lot to me. It was one of the first tracks we released on my label, bitbird, years ago. I consider it a classic. One night, when I was getting to the end of writing Album1, Cassini sent me a batch of cool recordings he made on his tape recorder, and I got super inspired. One of those recordings became the foundation for “Love (WIP).” I think a lot about love and what it means to me, and that’s a common trend for a lot of my songs. This song features a soundscape in the middle of the song with spoken words in the background talking about love, which is something I’ve always wanted to do on a record. Like most the other album records, I recorded a lot of sounds on cassette tape first, which I then recorded back into Ableton. There’s something magical about tape. It sounds so warm and compressed, and it’s so much fun to play with the tape speed to create pitch effects. There’s so much beauty in the imperfection on some of the sounds in this record in particular that just sound perfect to me.
8. “Voices in My Head” Feat. The Nicholas
Like I mentioned before, The Nicholas has contributed in so many different ways to the album. Besides being an amazing musician and friend, he’s a great vocalist, too. “Voices in My Head” was written after we visited some vintage guitar stores which is something we regularly do together when I’m in L.A. We were already working on the melodies and lyrics on the way to the store over the beat I made, and once we got back to the Airbnb (unfortunately without a new guitar), we recorded the vocals in the kitchen, as always. I then wrote the bridge with my dear friend Analogue Dear, an amazing pianist and human being — the chords he put down there are truly magical — and the song was complete.
For a long time, I had tried to get more guitar in my electronic productions, but it always felt forced and unnatural. I was never really happy with anything I did until I wrote “Worthy.” I think this track was a big first step in finding a new sound for the San Holo project. Back in 2014, when the melodic trap bass game was on the come up, I felt like I was doing something new and innovative. I’m obsessed with trying to innovate sonically, break down musical boundaries with my music and help my listeners discover new sounds. I’ve always been very inspired by ambient and post-rock music. Bands such as Sigur Ros and Explosions in the Sky mean a lot to me, and I wanted to try and channel that post-rock sound into this record. As a guitarist, I was very excited about finding a combination of sounds that I had not heard before; sparkly-clean guitars combined with a big, half-time trap beat. The lyrics were inspired by a real life experience I had. One day a girl asked me, “Do you even need me?” and deep down I knew that the answer was “no.” I don’t think you should be in a relationship with someone because you need him or her. You can not make each other happy. You can, however, enhance each other’s happiness, and that’s what the song is about. This is one of the most personal songs on the album, so I had to do the vocals myself.
10. “Forever Free” Feat. Duskus
Duskus was the first artist that we ever supported and released on bitbird. We’ve been speaking since 2013 when I first heard his music, and he’s continued to surprise me over the years with his releases. One day, he sent me a really cool vocal chop that I instantly fell in love with. It sounded kinda like it was saying “forever free,” so we decided to call it that. The track turned into a really cool house track with all kinds of cool additions. I added a lo-fi guitar melody to make it blend with the other tracks on the album. In the middle of the song, I decided to throw in a sample of an old song from my friend Luwten. Years ago, she wrote a song with the words, “It’s okay, we don’t have to fix it now.” That line is so powerful, and after pitching it up, it just sounded so cool to throw it in there. Like I said before, I love sampling parts of songs. It’s sad that the art of sampling kind of faded away throughout the years ’cause of the strict copyright laws. I liked the idea of sampling other songs on Album1, so I picked songs from friends that I knew I could talk to easily about clearing the rights. There’s also a violin outro that I wrote and recorded at the Airbnb with Yasmeen Al-Mazeedi, a very talented violinist. I was amazed by her musicality and perfect pitch. I processed her playing with some plugins to make it sound like an old string quartet.
11. “Surface” Feat. Caspian
Working with Caspian was a dream come true, to be honest. I have been into their music for years. The entire instrumental, ambient, post-rock scene has been a big part of my music catalog. A big part of their sound is treating guitars as instruments to create walls of sound with lots of delays and reverb usage to create synthesizer like layers. It was a challenge to merge this ambience with my electronic sound, but I couldn’t be more happy about how “Surface” turned out. The drop is the result of a lot of layers of super fast guitar strumming with delays and reverbs. The middle part of this song is my favorite piece of music I have written so far. Yvette Young ended up playing some extra violin layers which give the track another euphoric layer leading into the second drop. I wrote the lyrics to this song with Fazerdaze after meeting her at Coachella and inviting her back to the Airbnb. Her voice sounds wonderful on this track, and she complements the instrumental perfectly.
12. “Vestal Avenue”
After discovering the works of composers Debussy and Ravel years ago, classical music has been a very important influence in my life. It gave me a different perspective on music, but also on life. I wanted to end Album1 on a classical note, literally. I wrote a melodic trap drop that slowly merges into a full orchestral piece. I wasn’t too happy with the sound yet, so I asked my Brazilian friend Marcioz to give me advice on natural-sounding orchestra plugins. He came over for a few days to fine-tune the sound with me. For the outro of this track, I ran a Fender Mustang guitar through the Roland Space Echo into an amp set up outside on the balcony to play the last part of the album. We recorded both the amp and the surrounding ambience on cassette tape. If you listen closely, you’ll hear birds flying by, dogs barking and a bus hitting the brakes, ringing through the hills of Echo Park. I love how we captured this moment.
In celebration of this momentous breakthrough, San Holo hits the road with a whole new production setup. He’s ready to bring this new sound to life on stage, and you can catch him from the end of October until Dec. 21 across North America. You can check the full list of tour dates below, and listen to Album1 from start to finish.

domain: entertainment


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The crowdfunded MechWarrior spin-off BattleTech has been pushed to early 2018, after previously being scheduled for release at the end of this year.
According to the publishers at Paradox Interactive, the delay is to ensure that the game meets the quality standards set by previous efforts of the development team at Harebrained Schemes. The studio is best known for the well-received Shadowrun series, which was similarly funded with the assistance of KickStarter.
The crowdfunding campaign for BattleTech launched in September 2015, seeking USD$250,000, but ultimately raised over $2.75 million, ensuring that a full-fledged (and expanded) single-player campaign would be included, as well as PvP multiplayer.
Harebrained Schemes was pushing to meet the original launch window, but ultimately decided to delay the game to ensure that the final product matches the expectations of the game’s backers and fans. To soften the blow, the team has announced a massive update to the Backer Beta, scheduled to take place later this week. The update will improve AI and user interfaces, as well as making some changes to the core gameplay and balancing. Another update to implement PvP is expected to arrive soon, with the full Beta set to run for at least another month.
While announcing the delay, Paradox Interactive CEO Fredrik Wester said, “We believe in the Harebrained Schemes team, and want them to give the game the time and attention they need to create a turn-based game worthy of the [BattleTech] name.”
Previously, Harebrained Schemes CEO Jordan Weisman explained that this adaptation will retain the considerable strategic depth found in the tabletop wargame by focusing on heat, stability, and melee as the three pillars of combat.


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Quellen der arabischen Medizin (German Edition)
It is a book compiled by a capable engineer according to his talents and his understanding on the basis of his knowledge of the sources and within the bounds of the con- ditions of his environment. Whether it reached the West from the Arabic-Islamic area or whether it developed v. It provides unique material on tech- nical instruments and devices, about their con- struction and the materials used.
Thus the book contributes fundamentally to the understanding of the general history of technology, although it is possibly not representative of the standard attained in the Islamic world in general. Some of the machines described show affinity to such which later appear in European books on me- chanical devices and automata, even though there does not seem to be a direct connection.
This nobleman from the west- ern part of the Islamic world came to Palermo either as a traveller or as a guest of the Norman king Roger II r. There he prepared, during his stay of many years, upon commis- sion by his host, a circular world map on  a silver disc, 70 regional maps and a book entitled Nuzhat al-mustaq fi htiraq al-afaq on the geog- raphy of the world.
For the succeeding king, Guillaume I r. In the year CE. The world map and some of the sectional maps survive as the final product of multiple copying in a number of manuscripts of the geo- graphical work. The question of how al-Idrlsi was able to create these maps, and the ques- tion of the importance of the entire work for the history of geography, were discussed for a long time and found widely differing answers. In the discussion of the map it was almost al- ways assumed that al-Idrlsi must have used the Ptolemaic world map as his model. While referring to the detailed discussion of this question in volumes 10 and 1 1 of my Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums and to the yet un- published manuscript of the volume on anthro- pogeography, I will state my view very briefly here: The Ptolemaic Geography itself actually consists of an instruction for drawing maps and as such most probably did not include any maps.
Leaving aside certain obvious errors and deviations, such as the omission of the grat- icule which was erroneously replaced by lines of equal distance meant to represent the seven climates, the Idrisi map surpasses its model in various respects. Thus Europe, in particular the Mediterranean area, is represented more ac- curately, North-East Asia has been completely revised, and Central Asia with its systems of v. Hence the question arises how a geographer in Sicily in those days could have accomplished this cartographic survey, which in fact required work to be carried out locally and for genera- tions.
In fact, I believe that the results of such work reached al-ldrisl in the form of a book supplied with maps. The work written by one Hanah Gagan or Ganah b. Haqan al-Klmaki is mentioned by al-Idrisi amongst his sourc- es. Apparently, this geographical-cartographi- cal work by a prince of the Kimak-Turks was based on a long-term collection of data, gath- ered locally in the tradition of Arabic-Islamic cartography.
As far as I am aware, no historian of geography has as yet asked him- self from where this depiction of Asia in those Western maps originated. The circular world map which sur- vived in several manuscripts of his Geography and which had suffered from repeated copying was known only to a few arabists prior to the appearance of the commendable work Mappae 22j Nuzhat al-mustaq, in: al-Idrisi.
Opus geographicum, ed. Bombaci et al. In his book Miller published the surviving copies of the circular world map, the sectional maps and a world map reconstructed by him after the sectional maps. In spite of al-Idrisi referring to his world map as being circular and although its copies as preserved in various manuscripts are, indeed, all circular, Miller was convinced that the world map must have been rectangular infra III, 28 and consequently felt justified in reconstructing the missing original by patching together the seventy rectangular sectional maps. The orthogonal world map thus reconstructed found wide distribution, even though not only is the north depicted as wide as the regions of the equator, which distorts the cartographic im- age, but also the configuration of northern Asia and Africa is obscured completely.
With the aid of elec- tronic data-processing, we have attempted to graduate the sectional maps orthogonally and to transform them into a stereographic projection, occasionally making reference to the extant cir- cular world map. The parts concerning Sicily, Italy, France, Germany, the Scandinavian and Slavonic countries and the Balkans have conse- quently been made the subject of detailed stud- ies by arabists. Arabische Welt- undLanderkarten des 9. Jahrhunderts in arabischer Urschrift, latei- nischer Transkription und Ubertragung in neuzeitliche Kartenskizzen. Edited with introduction by Konrad Miller.
Stuttgart reprint: Islamic Geography, vols. Its founder was Sihabaddln Yahya b. Habas as-Suhrawardi d. The basis of his new philosophical system was a metaphysic of light. Ahmad al-Gawallql, a philologist from Baghdad d. C A 1 I az-Zauzani d. Muhammmad b. Ahmad al-Maidanl d. A book brought to the atten- tion of the interested public in by Claude Cahen yields valuable information on this mat- ter, rendering various theories and assumptions by historians of this subject obsolete. This book, entitled Tab sir at arbab al-albab , was written under the Ayyubid Sultan Salahaddln Saladin, r.
Murda at-Tarsusi infra V, 94 passim. Brockelmann, Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur, vol. Ahmet H. Karatay, vol. Brockelmann, op. I do not take into account the book Muqaddimat al-adab by Mahmud b. The Persian, Turkish and Mongolian glosses which are available in various manuscripts seem to be later inter- polations, see Heinz Grotzfeld, ZamahsarVs muqaddimat al-adab, ein arabisch-persisches Lexikon?
A geared winch mechanism allowed for its large bow, made of several layers of wood and horn glued together, to be drawn by merely one or two men instead of about twenty. In the 13th cen- tury this type of crossbow also started to appear in the West. It seems that the crusade invasions gave the impulse for the Muslims of Syria and Egypt to search for the most effective means of defence possible.
Yet it is char- acteristic of this century that the subject matters inherited from earlier generations were as far as possible subjected to systematization. They were established for the first time as strictly defined disciplines or revised in order to account for the progress made in the course of time. An unfortunate opinion, brought into circu- lation at some point or other in complete igno- rance of the history of Arabic-Islamic science and contradicting historical facts, states that this century already carried in it the beginnings of stagnation.
The opposite is true. The progress made in the theoretical branch of astronomy shows itself in the attempts to reform the Ptolemaic planetary models supra, p. In order to restore the prin- ciple of uniform circular motion in the orbits — a principle that Ptolemy had violated with the in- troduction of the equant into his planetary mod- el — Naslraddln at-Tusi made a ground-breaking attempt. In his model he retains the centre of the equant, so that the length of the eccentricity is equal to the diameter of the epicycle, while the mid-point of the eccentricity becomes the centre of the deferent, along which the centres of the epicycles of planets move from the east to the west, covering the same distances towards the east in the same periods.
Naslraddln eliminates the resulting violation of the uniformity of mo- tion by introducing a model of double epicycles in which a smaller circle with a radius equal to half of the radius of the larger circle and there- fore half of the length of the eccentricity rotates inside a larger circle between its centre and the circumference in the opposite direction from west to east.
If its radius is half that of the large circle, then any point on the small circle, while rolling, describes a diameter of the large circle. Cantor, Geschichte der Mathematik, op. Berlin and Leipzig , p. This resulted in an interesting model for Mercury. The project was accomplished under the leadership of Naslraddin at-Tusi between ca. With a main building planned in large scale for the purpose of astro- nomical observation and with large instruments, some of which built for the first time, this under- taking was of epochal importance in the history of observatories in the Arabic-Islamic culture area.
We can trace its after-effects not only in the Islamic world until the 1 6th century but also in Europe, where they began in the middle of the 1 6th century. The spirit of logical systematization and elaboration of the work accomplished by the predecessors is characteristic of this century. One of the most significant examples of this is provided by Naslraddin at-Tusi in his Kitab as- Sakl al-qatta c with which he established trigo- nometry as an independent discipline.
For a long time this achievement had been credited to J. Regiomontanus, until, towards the end of the 1 9th century, A. The polar triangle, or supplementary triangle, a basic ele- ment of spherical trigonometry which appears in Europe for the first time in the work of Fran? Although it had already been introduced by Abu Nasr b. A thirteenth century reform of Ptolemaic astronomy. In the western part of the Islamic world, Abu 1 -Hasan al-Marrakusi b.
The problem and its solution, described in the 10th volume of my Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, involves in its most general form the calculation of the hour-angle of a star from its altitude and azimuth, the rotation v. Al-B Irani had already placed the rules for the spherical triangle, discovered by his teachers, in the service of mathematical geogra- phy.
Amongst subsequent generations we find — tangibly for us in the case of al-MarrakusI — a further development in which all trigonometric- astronomical tools are improved in a system- atic manner for a precise determination of local time through the observation of fixed stars. This technique of astronomical observation, in which correct ascensions and declinations increasingly come to the fore as a system of reference, is en- countered in the West with Tycho Brahe in the second half of the 16th century.
He left us a table of coordinates compris- ing about localities. It goes without saying that such a profound improvement of the coordinates of a vast geo- graphical area stretching from Spain to Baghdad could not possibly have been achieved by a sin- v. Abu 1 -Hasan al-Marrakusi indeed makes no such claim. On the contrary, he points out that he marked his own coordinates with red ink in his autograph in order to distinguish them from older ones.
It seems to be adequately documented to- day that the beginnings of astronomical-geo- graphical attempts at mathematically surveying as much of the areas west and east of Baghdad as possible took place in the first half of the 5 th century, independently from one another. At first those ta- bles appeared slowly, but later, from around the beginning of the 14th century into the 18th cen- tury, started to mushroom and amount to several hundred; upon examination they turn out to be either corrupt copies or mixed tables derived from various Arabic originals which contained data according to either of the two prime merid- ians and which in turn sometimes still drew on Ptolemaic tables.
Yet we must stress that this statement does not imply that those maps were drawn by Europeans ac- cording to coordinates found in Arabic tables. They are copies or compilations of maps of un- equal quality that where occasionally brought to Europe from the Arabic-Islamic world. Schoy ,LangenbestimmungundZentralmeridian bei den alteren Volkern, op. Abi s-Sukr al-Magribl d. The integration of longitudes was car- ried out consistently in the astronomical tables of the two scholars, namely, the az-Zlg al-Ilhani and the Adwar  al-anwar mada d-duhur wa- l-akwar. The scope of this project is illustrated by two examples.
Traces of in- consistent integration are found, for example, in the tables of Kusyar b. Only from the 19th and 20th century did European cartog- raphers gradually succeed in correcting these longitudinal differences further. There is evidence leading to such an assumption involving a pres- ently lost manuscript which perhaps was an au- tograph of the astronomical at-Tadkira fi l-hai'a by Naslraddln at-Tusi which appears to have contained such a world map.
This agrees with a passage in the Records of the Yuan-dynasty by Song Lian CE referring to astro- nomical instruments imported into China from the West i. It describes six astronomical instmments and a terrestrial globe which were presented in the year i. We may also mention that the en- voy Gamaladdin has been identified as the first director of the observatory founded by Qubilai in the Mongol realm.
Moreover, Gamaladdin authored a geography of the entire dominions. However, only a few fragments of this compre- hensive work have survived incorporated into later compilations. Concluding the discussion of note- worthy achievements of the 13th century, the emergence of perfect or near-perfect maps of the Mediterranean and of the Black Sea shall be mentioned.
The origin of the oldest maps of this type known in the European culture area is dated around the turn of the 13 th to the 14th century. The question of their origin has been discussed for about the last years. Hence it was understandably not known that in the Arabic-Islamic culture area the west- eastern dimensions and distances between, e. In sev- eral chapters of the volumes io and n of my Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, I have tried to explain my opinion of a long historic evolution of the cartographic depiction of the Mediterranean.
Various cultures made their con- tributions in the course of that development, the finally leading to the so-called portolan charts which can be ascribed to the Arabic-Islamic cul- ture area. The circular world map, appended by Brunetto Latini to his Livres dou tresor ca. As Florentine ambassa- dor in Toledo and Sevilla, Latini had the oppor- tunity to acquaint himself with the adoption of Arabic-Islamic sciences which was then in full swing.
He also helped Dante Alighieri deepen his knowledge of Islam. It does not however reflect the advances v. It must be also noted that the Brunetto Latini map is southern-oriented as was the Arab custom. They are the five maps which Marco Polo is said to have brought back from his jour- ney. This was the region where mathematical geography and, based on it, the new cartography was cultivated most intensively. In Maraga and later in Tabriz, the capitals of the Ilkhans, new centres of the sciences arose from whence books, instruments, maps and further materials found their way to the West, mostly via Constantinople.
Towards the middle of the last century these maps came into the focus of research. This model is supposed to have been the graduated terrestrial globe which was brought from Maraga to Da Du Beijing by the above-mentioned astronomer and geogra- pher Gamaladdln in the year , to be handed, together with six astronomical instruments, to the ruler Qubilai Han. This assumption may be correct, but I am more inclined to believe that planispheric world maps from the east of the Arabic-Islamic world reached China — shortly after their appearance — as well.
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Certainly the numerous place names would fit more easily on maps than on a terrestrial globe. The phenomenon of  this simultane- ously-timed emergence of a practically identical new image of the world in Europe and China should, in my opinion, lead historians of geog- raphy to the assumption that a common model existed. Not only the Islamic cultural area pro- vides us with sufficient cartographic and math- ematical-geographical documents which prove that the sought after models are to be found in that period of the history of sciences which was shaped by that cultural area.
In any case, the first scholar who wrote about it, Gustavo Uzielli, introduced it as a work of the 13 th century. A few years later Theobald Fischer, in the context of his work on medieval world and sea maps, was inclined to shift its origin to v. Fischer, op. The pull of conventional mediaeval studies un- fortunately quite often keeps researchers from addressing issues of the date and provenance of technological innovations and new scientific or philosophical concepts surfacing in Europe outside Spain from the 1 2th century onwards in the context of the reception and assimilation of Arabic-Islamic sciences in general.
In connection with matters of geography, included in his astronomical work at-Tuhfa as-sahlya fi l-hai'a, he deals with the cartographic depiction of the oikoumene and the difficulty of fitting indispensable details in small formats. To this end he proposes a practi- cal method of laying out a simplified and sche- matized map of the Mediterranean.
Together with the Black Sea, the Mediterranean is pro- jected on a rectangular frame divided into squares. The longitudes and latitudes are meas- ured in squares rather than degrees. Apparently oceans and continents were dis- tinguished by colour. I am referring to the polymath Qutbaddln as-Slrazi d. In fact it is quite evident that Qutbaddln took his data from a map at hand. On this map, the coasts, bays, and cities in the West and in the North and even details of the Byzantine territory were inscribed.
Yaqut was primarily a man of letters and a philologist. In the field of geography, his lexical interest brought about two books. Besides lexical sources, Yaqut digested a number of titles of descriptive regional geogra- phy and mathematical geography as well as trav- elogues. Thus his work  became an invalu- able source for the historiography of sciences and culture of the Arabic-Islamic world.
In the commendable edition by Ferdinand Wiistenfeld , the book runs into pages. Turning to the field of medicine, a significant discovery in that century — which the historian of medicine L. Thanks to several studies by Max Meyerhof and Joseph Schacht, 2 8 we know today that this discov- ery by Ibn an-Nafis was borrowed by Michael Servetus Miguel Servet for his Christianismi restitutio Vienna ; consequently the lat- ter was considered its originator for centuries.
I g Studies on this subject published up to were collected and edited in: Islamic Medicine, vol. While staying in Cairo, the versatile physician and brilliant natural historian 'Abdallatlf b. Muhammad al-Bagdadl b. He wrote about his ob- servations and the results of his examinations in his anthropogeographical book on Egypt entitled Kitab al-Ifada wa-l-i c tibar fi l-umur al- musahada wa-l-hawadit al-mu c ayana bi-ard Misr, in which he dealt, inter alia,  with stones, flora and fauna, antiquities, architecture and the local cuisine.
In his anatomical study of thousands of skeletons he revised the errors and inaccuracies of his predecessors, in particular of Galen. One of his findings was that the hu- man mandible consists of one bone only, rather than two bones joined at the chin as Galen be- lieved. Leclerc, Histoire de la medecine arabe, vol.
Translated into English more reliable than the doctrines of Galen, de- spite the high rank befitting the latter. In his view, each culture also has its own special medi- cine, one yielding place to another in the course of centuries. He doubted whether it was at all feasible to deem the medical science of any one people the oldest. The Arab, in whose native re- gion cultures of diverse people from East and West fused, possessed the universal historical scope which no physician before him ever had; in the writings of Ibn Abi Usaibfa the history by Kamal Hafuth Zand and John A.
Videan, London , pp. Gunther Wahl, Halle , pp. Ihr Wesen, ihre Arbeitsweise und ihre Hilfsmittel, Stuttgart , pp. Medical historians in the West ob- served, what the Arab cosmopolitan attitude had long before seen, only after they had overcome the authority of antiquity and of the Bible. In some respects it seems almost modem.
Such progressive features are its medical organisation with specialised treat- ments, the playing of music to patients suffering from mental illness or insomnia, in-house medi- cal training,  an elaborate administration, fi- nancial security through sufficient income from an endowment with quite interesting conditions specified in the foundation deed and, finally, the building itself and its equipment. Ihr Wesen, ihre Arbeitsweise und ihre Hilfsmittel, Stuttgart , p. Terzioglu, op.
Yusuf al-UrmawI d. Abi Bakr as-Sakkaki b. It seems an intermediate stage in this process Facsimile editions by H. Hasaba, M. Neubauer, preface to the facsimile edition, Frankfurt Muhammad Ibn al-Atlr b. As far as we are aware, this is the most extensive and the most significant work of its type written since the world history by Muhammad b.
Garlr at-Tabarl d. The author appears to be  ex- tremely objective and reliable. In military technology, the ongoing necessity of defence against attacks by crusaders brought about further advances in weaponry in this cen- tury as well. The most important innovation in this field was the development of fire-arms us- ing gunpowder. The question has not yet been solved whether the knowledge of gunpowder reached the Arabic-Islamic culture area from ibid, vol.
Heinrichs, op. Bernard Lewis and P. Holt, London , pp. China or whether it was developed independ- ently. It is however probable that its driving power was recognised and used for military purposes in the Islamic world, even if fireworks were known in China at an earlier date. Through the loss of a substantial part of Andalusia, its scientific contributions, which had been on a high level for centuries, were diminished but did not yet cease. Yet the most important model aimed at restoring the principle of uni- form motion was conceived, as far as we know, in Syria.
Ibrahim Ibn as-Satir d. Particularly important is his model of Mercury in which he makes use of a smaller epicycle than Ptolemy. He achieved excellent results in his attempt to improve the inherited models of the lunar motions. The points in common between Copernicus and his Arabic-Islamic predecessors, as found so far, can be summarised as follows: 1. Copernicus as well as Nasiraddin at-Tusi and Qutbaddln as-Slrazi accept without reser- vation the principle that each planetary model must be based on a mechanism in which equal distances are covered by equal vectors with equal angular velocity.
Copernicus and his Arabic predecessors feature the mechanism of a double vector with radii equal or half the eccentricity in their plan- etary models, in order to emulate the function of the equant. Copernicus employs the mechanism of the double epicycles of at-Tusi in the Mercury model, as does Ibn as-Satir.
Convegno intemazionale aprile , Rome Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei , pp. Amongst the most important astronomical achievements of that age is a type of astrolabe which had been constructed in Syria by Ahmad b. Abi Bakr Ibn as-Sarrag d. The instrument infra II, combines in itself the functions of a normal astrolabe and those of the universal plate as had been developed in the western part of the Islamic world. With this instrument a stage of development in the con- struction of astrolabes had been reached which henceforth stood unsurpassed, both in the coun- tries of Islam and in Europe infra, II, It involved the knowledge and application of algebraic symbol- ism that remained — as far as we know now — un- known in the eastern parts of the Islamic world.
It is primarily found in the works of Ahmad b. Hasan Ibn Qunfud b. Muhammad v. Aballagh, Paris ; cf. Ibn al-Banna 5 excelled with further important contributions, among them an approximation formula for the extraction of the square root. Suter and H. Renaud and adopted in my Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, vol. Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah. An introduction to history, translated from the Arabic by Franz Rosenthal, vol.
Suwlsl, Tunis , pp. Cantor, Vorlesungen iiber Geschichte der Mathematik, op. Aibak as-Safadi d. Hence, in the field of optics, this century pro- duced one of the most important scholars of the time. We are referring to Kamaladdin Muhammad b. Vernet in: Dictionary of Scientific Biography , vol. Wiedemann, Gesammelte Schriften vol. In Kamaladdln al-Farisf s opinion, the perception of a rainbow is caused by the optical behaviour of fine transparent spherical drops close to each other in the air, through double refraction and single or double reflection of the sunlight as it enters into and comes out of the individual drop.
Kamaladdln came to this conclusion after a se- ries of systematic experiments conducted with a spherical ball made of glass or rock-crystal in- fra III, To this end he used a mutton eye. This, of course, was at a time when the channels of the reception- and assimilation-process and its con- sequences were not understood as well as they are today. The common features in fundamentals as well as details are so numerous that they cannot possibly be inde- pendent achievements.
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The first half of the 14th century is indeed to be characterised as a period when the sciences of the Arabic-Islamic world found their way quickly from Northern Africa to France and Italy, and from Syria, Anatolia and Persia directly or via Constantinople to Italy and Central Europe. Mediators from the cleri- cal orders, particularly the Dominicans, proved particularly able in this process of reception and earned great merit.
The following titles are amongst them: Muqni c at as-sadl c an al-marad al-hcVil by Muhammad b. According to Max Meyerhof, 3 ' 6 the Arabic writings on the plague were far superi- v. Arnold, London , pp. Everybody who has seen the thing itself or gathered information about it knows that most of those who come into contact with people afflicted with the disease die and those with whom this is not the case remain healthy; furthermore that this disease occurs in a house or in a quarter because of a garment or a receptacle so that even an earring can cause the death of a person donning it and thus brings devastation upon the entire house; moreover that in one city the disease occurs in a single house and then blazes up in those individuals who have contact with the sick person, then in the neighbours and relatives and especially among those who  pay visits to the house of the sick person, so that the breach becomes wider and wider; furthermore that the population of sea ports enjoys perfect health until an infected man arrives from another country where the plague prevails notoriously and the date of the outbreak of the disease in the town coincides with the date of his arrival.
Muller, op. Its author was the Ilhanid grand vi- zier Rasldaddln Fadlallah b. Tmadaddaula b. It is, however, not the classical Mo-ching by the famous physician Wang Shu-ho CE , but a work called Mo-chueh, which deals with the modalities of pulse observations and the anatomy of the most important human organs. It originated in northern China at the time of the Kin-dynasty From the western part of the Islamic world we know the important table of coordi- nates, comprising 97 localities, by the astrono- mer and mathematician Muhammad b.
Ibrahim Ibn ar-Raqqam d. Of course, the correction was not restricted to the length of the grand axis. It is apparent in the distances be- tween the western border of the oikoumene and the places east of Baghdad as well. Other extant tables with significant corrections to the longi- tudes allow the assumption that these tables en- joyed a wide dissemination. One such table was discovered in Latin translation by the Spanish Arabist I.
Millas Vallicrosa in the middle of the 20th century and is of particular interest in this context. It was most probably composed in the east Andalusian town of Tortosa Turtusa , and it is surprising in that the reduction of longi- tudes has now been implemented for Baghdad as the prime meridian, even for the places in the west. This table has also reached us in a K.
It contains the coordinates of 3 1 places in Spain, Western Europe and the western Mediterranean. Although it is not free from spelling errors and misreadings, it pro- vides important evidence of the great advances made in Western Europe not least with regard to Arab-Spanish cartography. London can be taken as an example. Further examples can be found in my Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums ; here I would like to emphasise that these corrections, essential for the history of mathematical geography, have so far remained completely unknown and thus did not play any part in the discussion on the origin of the new maps which emerged in Europe from the turn of the 13 th to the 14th century.
In the process of the mathematical survey of the areas to the west of Baghdad, Asia Minor, which was under Byzantine rule, and the Aegean remained for a long time outside the reach of Arabic-Islamic geographers and astronomers. Yet only an  early v. Sulaiman at- Tuqati. It also justifies the assumption that by that time fairly accurate results were achieved in the mathematical survey of Asia Minor.
We observe, for instance, that the longitudinal difference Rome — Constantinople and Rome — Alexandria deviate surprisingly little from the modem values. One of the most important examples known to me at this time involves the universal scholar Rasldaddin, whose work on Chinese medicine was mentioned above. The names of about 1 20 localities are placed within an orthogonal graticule. The user can read the coordinates from scales framing the map.
The significance of this map lies in the fact that the graticule is based on the integrated west- east longitudes — according to the above men- tioned p. Aged 22 he left his native town bound for Mecca, visited Alexandria and Cairo, went up the Nile to Syene now Aswan , from there to Syria and Palestine, v. Etienne Quatremere, Raschid-eldin. Histoire des Mongols de la Perse, Paris reprint Amsterdam , introduction pp. After 24 years he returned to Tangiers. A sec- ond journey took him to Andalusia, a third to Northern Africa.
The world history in question is the monumental Gami c at-tawarlh by the above mentioned universal scholar Rasidaddin Fadlallah d.
Business in Dubai - German edition - Lexology
The first vol- ume deals with the history of Cenglz Han and his successors in East and West Asia, as well as with the Turkish and Mongol tribes. The second volume deals at length with the history of the nations that came into contact with the Mongols. The third volume devoted to geography is lost.
Qustantin al-Manbigi ca. Ahmad al-Biruni d. The latter in particular has earned its author a unique position in cultural history, as the book not only leaned upon local sources, but was written on the basis v. Franz Rosenthal, A history of Muslim historiogra- phy , Leiden , pp.
The initial one is entitled Manahig al-fikar wa-mabahig al-Hbar and was written by Gamaladdin Muhammad b. Ibrahim al-Kutubi al-Watwat b.
- About this book.
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- Como o Diabo as Arma! (Portuguese Edition)?
- Jokers, Liars, and Dumb Clucks: The Curious Case of the Kensington Rune Stone.
- Frankfurt Airport -;
Inspired by this work, the Egyptian historian Sihabaddin Ahmad b. The inclusion of history as a separate, new topic of- fered the opportunity to cover all human affairs and achievements in the book; but an-Nuwairi not only increased the number of topics funun compared to his predecessor, he also made a new arrangement of the material: 1. This encyclopaedia leads us to many traces of sources otherwise lost and it is one of the best textbooks on the history of that time.
The third encyclopaedia which appeared in this century is entitled Masalik al-absar fi mamalik al-amsar and was written by Sihabaddln Ahmad b. Yahya al- c Umari b. Sezgin, preface to the facsimile edition. Kratschkowsky in: Encyclopaedie des Islam, vol. New edi- tion, vol. Yet the book of Ibn Fadlallah is different from that of his predecessor in its aim, structure, and content.
Perhaps the Masalik al-absar could be labelled an anthropogeo- graphical encyclopaedia. The first four of its twenty- seven volumes are devoted to geography. Even though the entire work leaves the impression of a not yet fully fledged concept of an encyclopaedia, with its rich contents, it is one of the most significant literary achievements of the century, often going back to otherwise lost sources, and at the same time relating state of the art contemporary knowledge. Muhammad Ibn Haldun b.
Facsimile edition in 27 volumes, Frankfurt, Institute for the Flistory of Arabic-Islamic Sciences , in- dices in three volumes, ibid, Muqaddima, written after the world chronicle al- Ibar wa-diwan al-mubtada 3 wa-l-habar dedicat- ed to the Merinid ruler Abu Faris 'AbdaTaziz reign. It drew the attention of Arabists and non- Arabists after the two scholars Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy and Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall had drawn attention to its contents at the beginning of the 1 9th cen- tury. Quite frequently Ibn Haldun is seen as the founder of sociology and the philosophy of history.
Others find the basic problems of all branches of science addressed in his work. Regarding its treatment of the science of politics, the Muqaddima was compared to II principe by Niccolo Machiavelli d. Sarton, Introduction to the history of science, vol. Talbi in: Encyclopaedia of Islam. Sarton, op. Allan H. Besides this, in the same St. Petersburg manuscript we find the illustration of a firearm which appears to be a kind of mortar; however, the illustration does not match the description in the text.
It is possible that the illustration depicts yet another mortar-like weapon, different from the one in the description ibid. The earliest reference to the use of steel cross- bows in Europe dates from the year 5.
Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
Of the numerous works surviving from that century and kept in libraries as manuscripts, only a small fraction has been j44 Current accession number C with the title al- Mahzun fi gamf al-funun infra V, Jahrhunderts bis zu den Hussitenkriegen, vol. In this connection, we may point to the out- standing activities in the field of astronomy and mathematics during the first half of the century in Transoxania which are connected with the name of the statesman Ulug Beg Muhammad Turgay b. He turned Samarqand into what his grandfather Timur had envisioned, i.
Mas c ud al-KasI d. Of the institutions which he founded there, the most important was without doubt the monumental observatory — inspired by its foreru nn er in Maraga — where he himself worked alongside the scholars men- tioned above. Share Give access Share full text access. Share full text access. Please review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article. Get access to the full version of this article.
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domain: library


Jun 20, 2014, 6:56 PM EDT
Seeking valuable road racing experience, five Sprint Cup drivers are also competing this weekend in the NASCAR K&N Pro Series West undercard at Sonoma Raceway.
So far, it appears they’re making the most of things – especially Stenhouse, who led both K&N West practices this afternoon on the 1.99-mile Northern California road course.
Stenhouse and Larson were 1-2 in the first practice, with Stenhouse’s 1:18:916 bettering Larson’s 1:19.050. Greg Pursley, Austin Cameron, and Brandon McReynolds (son of former Cup crew chief and current TV analyst Larry McReynolds) completed the Top 5 speed in that session.
In the final practice, Stenhouse and Larson were once again quickest. Both of them lowered their lap times as well; Stenhouse posted a 1:18.243 and Larson turned in a 1:18.380.
Allgaier, a late addition to Saturday’s race, was third on the time sheets in final practice. McReynolds was fourth and David Mayhew was fifth.
Earlier today on NASCAR AMERICA, Leigh Diffey and Ricky Rudd talked about the young Cup racers opting to run the K&N West event and how it can help them in Sunday’s Sprint Cup Toyota/Save Mart 350. You can hear their thoughts in the clip above.
Video from NASCAR America
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- 2015 IndyCar schedule officially revealed; 17 races including 12 on NBCSN (VIDEO) 1
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- Krista Voda to become host for NASCAR on NBC coverage next year 2


text:
Joshua Jay has become one of the most prolific writers of the contracting literary scene in magic. Nearly all his books have been translated into other languages, and two titles have been published for the public: Magic: The Complete Course and The Amazing Book of Cards (Workman Publishing). He is also the publisher of many titles, through his company Vanishing Inc Magic with magician Andi Gladwin.
"Joshua Jay's Magic Atlas (1999)"
"A Teens Routines (1998)"
"Session: The Magic of Joel Givens (2004)"
"Magic: The Complete Course (Book & DVD) (2008)"
"Joshua Jay's Amazing Book Of Cards (Book & DVD) (2010)"
His book "Joshua Jay's Magic Atlas" has been translated into German, Japanese, and French.
"Destroyers: The Magic of Troy Hooser (2001)"
"Moments: More Magic of Troy Hooser (2010)"
Jay was a featured contributor in The Linking Ring magazine in May 2010 (he also appeared on that issue's cover)

domain: literature


text:
Calendar of events
The Montréal Boat Show 2020
Stop by the Parks Canada booth (1014) at the Palais des congrès de Montréal to plan your next trip.
And while you’re discovering some of the most beautiful waterways in the world, starting on January 15, Parks Canada is offering you an unbeatable pre-season offer: save 20% on the current prices of seasonal lockage permits. With the purchase of the lockage permit, also take advantage of a 10% reduction on the night mooring permit!
Just make sure to have your registration number handy as well as information about the length of your craft.

domain: travel


How can alloying be used to improve metal catalysts?
Jennifer Lee, Jurgen Biener, and their colleagues at Harvard University and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory published an exciting study using their Hummingbird Scientific in-situ TEM gas-environmental heating sample holder to demonstrate the use of titanium alloying to promote hydrogen dissociation over nanoporous copper catalysts.
Combining in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) the reduction of copper and titanium oxides to metallic states under a reducing hydrogen environment at elevated temperatures was confirmed. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest isolated titanium atoms at the catalyst surface facilitate hydrogen dissociation and recombination compared to pure copper. This led to an increase in the measured H2-D2 exchange rate, which was attributed to a change of rate-limiting step from dissociative adsorption on copper to hydrogen recombination on titanium. The reaction rates and selectivity of a typical hydrogenation reaction were greatly improved when Ti-doped catalysts were used.
Figures showing a) In-situ HAADF-STEM and EDS elemental mapping of Cu and Al in boxed area for as-prepared npTiCu and after exposed to H2 at 523 K for 1 h (green), and 673 K for 30 min (blue), showing the coarsening of the nanopore ligaments during hydrogenation. b) In-situ EELS spectra of Cu L2,3 edges of as-prepared npTiCu and after exposure to H2 at 523 K for 1 h, and 673 K for 30 min, demonstrating that the Cu has ben reduced by the hydrogen. c) Corresponding L3/L2 intensity ratio. Reaction rates for hydrogenation of d) butyraldehyde and e) crotonaldehyde as well as f) selectivity for crotonaldehyde hydrogenation were greater in NpTiCu than in npCu pretreated at 523 K.
This combined correlative microscopy, spectroscopy and computational study provides valuable insights into tuning hydrogen activation over single-atom alloy catalysts. Critically, the use of in situ STEM-EELS allowed direct observation of the catalyst structural evolution under reducing conditions relevant to catalysis.
Reference: Jennifer D. Lee, Zhen Qi, Alexandre C. Foucher, Hio Tong Ngan, Kevin Dennis, Jun Cui, Ilia I. Sadykov, Ethan J. Crumlin, Philippe Sautet, Eric A. Stach, Cynthia M. Friend, Robert J. Madix, and Juergen Biener
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2022 144 (37), 16778-16791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00830, Full paper Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society
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text:
Empiric Therapy Regimens
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a microbial infection involving the mucous membrane of the surface of the eye. It is less common than viral conjunctivitis. The source of bacterial conjunctivitis can be endogenous or exogenous. It can have a slow, acute, or hyperacute onset. Depending on the pathogen, bacterial conjunctivitis may be a benign self-limited illness (most cases), may be sight-threatening, or may signify a severe underlying systemic disease. In patients with chronic unilateral bacterial conjunctivitis, the ipsilateral nasolacrimal system should be examined to rule out canaliculitis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or dacryocystitis.
General and empiric therapeutic recommendations for acute bacterial conjunctivitis are provided below.  This review does not cover the treatment of hyperacute conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis, or trachoma.
General recommendations in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis
Eye drops have the advantage of not interfering with vision; ointments have the advantage of prolonged contact with the ocular surface and an accompanying soothing effect.
Most practitioners prescribe a broad-spectrum agent on an empiric basis without culture for a routine mild to moderate case of bacterial conjunctivitis.
Treatment recommendations for acute non-severe bacterial conjunctivitis
Regimens for acute nonsevere bacterial conjunctivitis are as follows:
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment: Apply 1-cm ribbon QID for 5-7 days or
Polymyxin B-trimethoprim ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop QID for 5-7 days or
Sulfacetamide ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop QID for 5-7 days or
Azithromycin ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop BID for 2 days, then 1 drop for 5 days or
Tobramycin ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop q4h for 5-7 days or
Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop every 2 hours while awake for 2 days, then 1 drop every 4 hours while awake for the next 5 days or
Levofloxacin ophthalmic solution: Instill 1 drop in affected eye(s) every 2 hours while awake (up to 8 times daily) on days 1-2; instill 1 drop in affected eye(s) every 4 hours while awake (up to 4 times daily) on days 3-7 or
In conjunctivitis otitis syndrome, Haemophilus conjunctivitis in children, or conjunctivitis associated with a pharyngitis, a supplemental oral antibiotic should be considered.

domain: health


“Big brands spend huge sums of money to Moving towards the future increase their voice volume + small brands focus on cost-effective audio products” seems to have opened up a “bright road” for commercial realization of podcasts, but it cannot be denied that this kind of prosperous scene is still rare in the industry. Several head podcasters.
The founder of the podcast program “Random Fluctuation”, which won the “New Media of the Year” award from New Weekly, has publicly stated that the podcast is currently unable to make ends meet and needs to rely on support from home. This situation is not an isolated case. Zhang Shuyu, marketing director of CITIC Publishing·Dafang and head of the Island Hopping FM project, also said in an interview with the media that the current business model of podcasting is still unclear.
It is not difficult to understand that the fundamental reason
why it is difficult to monetize podcasts is that the market is Sweden Whatsapp Data still in its infancy. Unlike American podcasts, which have developed into a mainstream media form in the United States, Chinese podcasts have only been in formal and commercial operation for a year or two. . Many brands still don’t know what podcasts are and what marketing value they can have.
Li Zhiming, the founder of Ritan Park, once said in a media interview that if you want brands to invest in advertising in 2016, you need to educate many brand owners about what podcasts are. This is equivalent to doing popularization work for the entire industry. For a long time, brand owners did not realize that podcasts were a valuable advertising channel. If the public relations company tells Party A that it wants to add a podcast distribution channel, it will have to spend a lot of energy to convince Party A. This makes podcasting as a brand new medium slow to be accepted by more brands.
What cannot be ignored is that the overall slow development process
Putting content above all else, creating based on interests, and producing small teams AQB Directory are the current norm for domestic podcasts. A large part of the podcast industry is not eager to commercialize, and prefers to focus entirely on content in the early stages. At the same time, there are still some people who lack much experience in commercialization. Even if they are pioneers exploring the road ahead, their progress is relatively slow, and they even often take detours.
The reluctance to commercialize too early is a subjective personal wish, and the podcast owner must make the decision anyway. But in this situation, if you want the entire industry to speed up or rise, you must first solve the problem of those who “do not know how to commercialize”.


text:
Longview Regional Medical Center in Longview, Texas, is seeking a Physician Assistant for CardioVascularThoracic surgery.
1) First Assist in Cardiac, Vascular & Thoracic Surgery
2) Take Veins and Radial arteries for CABG
3) Performing minor surgical procedures under guidance
4) Opening the Chest in Open Heart and Thoracic procedures
LONGVIEW, TX , one of the largest communities in northeast TX, is home to about 80,000 residents (with 250,000+ in the medical service area). Located in the beautiful pine forests of East Texas, Longview is conveniently located on I-20, just 2 hours from all the Dallas/Ft. Worth metro area has to offer, and less than an hour from the fine dining, shopping and entertainment (including gaming) of Shreveport, LA. Great outdoor recreational opportunities, a vibrant, growing economy that has garnered national attention, and an easy life-style make Longview and exceptional place to live.
LONGVIEW REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, a full-service community hospital serving more than 250,000 people throughout northeast Texas is nearing the end of a MAJOR EXPANSION that will:
add 100 beds (to a new total of 230)
double its OR capacity (to 16 rooms).
add 175.000 square feet of space and remodel every patient room in the facility
Offering a competitive recruitment package that may include:
• Strong employment benefits
• Sign-On or Commencement Bonus
• Relocation, CME and Dues/Licenses expenses
Check us out online at www.longviewregional.com
See short videos about our hospital and community.
Remember, Texas is a TORT REFORM state with NO PERSONAL INCOME TAX!


text:
Solving an issue at work can be one of the most daunting experiences, and often it’s difficult to know where to start. Our best piece of advice is to get in touch with us for some guidance; but if you’re feeling brave, here are some tips for solving work issues to get you started:
1. Know the difference between an honest mistake, and someone willingly breaking the law.
Try communicating with your employer, and try get to the bottom of things yourself. Don’t jump to conclusions.
2. Talk to your employer about any issues in a calm, collected manner.
Sometimes an employer doesn’t know anything is wrong unless you tell them. Your employment agreement requires you to communicate with your employer yourself before taking any further steps.
3. If you can’t solve the issue yourself, talk to someone else who can.
This will usually be a manager, supervisor, business owner, or HR department; and can also be an advocate from somewhere like the YWRC. You can talk to them confidentially about your issues and what steps you have taken so far to resolve them. – They will also want to know a timeline of dates and events to assist in their investigation.
4. Work with your supervisor/advocate to resolve the issue.
It’s important to be honest, and open to realistic solutions, even if you’re feeling emotionally strained.
5. Be patient.
Things like investigations of misconduct can take some time depending on who is involved and how easy they are to communicate with. Follow up regularly, but take it in your stride when things don’t move as quickly as you want them to.
6. Official complaint to the Employment Relations Authority.
You can only undertake a Personal Grievance (the name for an official complaint to the Employment Relations Authority) once you have completed all of the above steps AND your employer hasn’t taken appropriate steps to resolve the issue. If your boss is playing ball, and doing everything they can to help, your best bet is to stay in communication with them. Basically COMMUNICATION IS KEY.

domain: law


Take the brief video after the jump for example. A group of riders are rolling through the relatively empty streets of St. Louis, and while one of the guys engages in a quick wheelie, the group doesn't seem to be maintaining outrageous speed through the city center.
That's when an inattentive driver in a Ford Ranger casually rolls right through a red light and straight into our camera man. The collision sends bike and rider spilling through the intersection. Fortunately, no one seems permanently injured in the dust up.
The clip is an excellent reminder of just how invisible bikes can be, especially when other drivers aren't paying attention. Would the Ranger have rolled the stop light if it were a full-size sedan driving down the street? It's hard telling, but the video makes a solid case for wearing brighter leathers. Hit the jump to check it out for yourself. Just be wary of the substantial cursing that comes post crash.


text:
22nd December, 2009
TIGA, the trade association representing the UK games industry, today dispelled some of the myths about the Government’s reasons for rejecting TIGA’s proposed Games Tax Relief in the Pre-Budget Report. TIGA made the comments following a meeting with two Government ministers and with officials from HM Treasury and the departments for Business, Innovation and Skills and Culture, Media and Sport.
Richard Wilson, CEO of TIGA, said:
“There are approximately 900 trade associations in the UK. It is rare for a trade association to be officially invited by the Government to make a case to change UK tax policy. TIGA was invited to make such a case because of our intensive and influential campaign for Games Tax Relief. TIGA was unique in submitting a substantive, 67 page report, based on original research and drawing on expert advice from organisations including Games Investor Consulting, Osborne Clarke, the Tenon Group, Grant Thornton and Games Audit. This was a serious report produced by serious organisations on a serious subject.
“Some observers have suggested that our proposal was rejected because the econometrics underpinning it was insufficiently robust. Some at HM Treasury doubted our assumptions that absent Games Tax Relief job losses in the video games industry would be permanently lost to the UK economy, believing instead that workers lost to the industry would simply move to other equally high-technology industries. It would be naive to accept this point at face value. This is a standard Treasury line. It ignores the evidence produced by the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) about the threat of a brain drain from the UK games industry to competitor countries.
“This line of argument also misses the point. Digital Britain specifically invited TIGA to make the case for Games Tax Relief on cultural grounds. TIGA’s report delivered this case, emphasising the cultural arguments for supporting a potentially high growth, knowledge intensive sector of the UK economy. After we submitted our report HM Treasury then duly moved the goal posts, claiming that it does not support sector specific tax breaks.
“A senior civil servant from HM Treasury has confided that, irrespective of TIGA’s arguments, because of the state of the public finances and the parlous state of the UK economy, no commitment to Games Tax Relief could be made. The state of the current political cycle, with a general election fast approaching, created an additional hurdle for TIGA’s campaign to surmount.”
“TIGA’s campaign for Games Tax Relief has yielded real benefits. The profile of the industry amongst ministers and policy makers has never been higher. Our campaign indirectly encouraged the Government to make its recent announcement concerning investing£10 million in Abertay University and the centre for excellence in Manchester. Above all, the prospects for Games Tax Relief or a similar measure remain possible after a general election.
“TIGA will continue to campaign for Games Tax Relief or an equivalent fiscal reform in order to make the UK the best place in the world to do games business. Only the faint hearted would give up now.”
Notes to editors:
TIGA is the trade association representing the UK’s games industry. The majority of our members are either independent games developers or in-house publisher owned developers. We also have outsourcing companies, technology businesses and universities amongst our membership.
TIGA's vision is to make the UK the best place in the world to do games business. We focus on three sets of activities: political representation, generating media coverage and developing services that enhance the competitiveness of our members. This means that TIGA members are effectively represented in the corridors of power, their voice is heard in the media and they receive benefits that make a material difference to their businesses, including a reduction in costs and improved commercial opportunities.
For further information, please contact Eva Field, TIGA PR Manager on: 07814 039 983, or email email@example.com.