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COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVEIW ON PRIMARY AND NOVEL APPROACHESHTML Full Text
COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVEIW ON PRIMARY AND NOVEL APPROACHES
P. Ghugarkar*, P. Kulat, K. Swain and V. Suggala and D. Shaik
Department of Pharmaceutics, Padmashree Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar-414111, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT: In the recent years there is new development in field of colon specific drug delivery system. The colon is the terminal part of the GIT which has gained as a potential site for delivery of various novel therapeutic drugs. The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery allows topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, etc. However, treatment can be made effective if the drugs can be targeted directly into the colon, thereby reducing the systemic side effects. It also plays vital role in systemic delivery of proteins, therapeutic peptides, anti-asthmatic drugs, antihypertensive drugs and anti-diabetic agents. This review article discusses introduction of colon, need and Primary approaches for CDDS (Colon Specific Drug Delivery), which includes prodrugs, pH and time dependent systems and microbially triggered drug delivery system. Newly developed CDDS, which includes pressure controlled colonic delivery capsules (PCDCS), CODE and osmotic controlled drug delivery and also focuses on evaluations of Colon targeted drug delivery in general.
Colon drug delivery system, Primary approaches, newly developed approaches, evaluation of colon targeted drug delivery systems
INTRODUCTION: Targeted drug delivery to the colon is highly desirable for local treatment of a variety of bowel diseases such as (ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease) amebiosis, colonic cancer, and for local treatment of local colonic pathologies, and the systemic delivery of protein and peptide drugs 1. The colon specific drug delivery system (CDDS) should be capable of protecting the drug en route to colon i.e. drug release and absorption should not occur in the stomach as well as the small intestine and bioactive agent should not be degraded and to allow drug release only in the colon 2.
The colon is believed to be a suitable absorption site for peptides and protein drugs for the following reasons; (i) less diversity, and intensity of digestive Colon targeted drug delivery system increases the absorption of poorly absorbable drug due to high retention time of the colon.enzymes, (ii) comparative proteolytic activity of colon mucosa is much less than that observed in the small intestine, thus CDDS protects peptide drugs from hydrolysis, and enzymatic degradation in duodenum and jejunum, and eventually releases the drug into ileum or colon which leads to greater systemic bioavailability.3 And finally, because the colon has a long residence time which is up to 5 days and is highly responsive to absorption enhancers.4
- Used for the effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis, crohn’s disease, etc.
- Decreases the side effects in the treatment of colon diseases.
- Prevents gastric irritation resulting due to the administration of NSAIDs.
- Minimizes first pass metabolism.
- Provides suitable environment for proteins and peptides that are sensitive to gastric fluid and digestive enzymes.
- Increased patient compliance.
- Decreased frequency of administration. Hence decreased cost of drugs.
- High retention time thus increasing the bioavailability of poorly absorbable drugs.
Limitations of colon target DDS:
Difficult to access colon:
- Successful delivery requires the drug to be in solution before it arrives in the colon, but the fluid content in the colon is lower and more viscous than in upper GIT, which is the limiting factor for poorly soluble drugs.
- Lower surface area and relative tightness of the tight junctions in the colon can restrict drug transport across the mucosa in to the systemic circulation.6
Need for colon targeting drug delivery:
- Targeted drug delivery to the colon to ensure that direct treatment at the disease site (local delivery), at lower dosing and fewer systemic side effects 7.
- Site-specific or targeted drug delivery system would allow oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, colon-specific formulation could also be used to prolong the drug delivery 8.
- Colon-specific drug delivery system is considered to be beneficial in the treatment of colon diseases 8.
- The colon is a site where both local or systemic drug delivery could be achieved, topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, e.g. ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease. Such inflammatory conditions are usually treated with glucocorticoids and sulphasalazine 9.
- A number of others serious diseases of the colon, e.g. colorectal cancer, might also be capable of being treated more effectively if drugs were targeted to the colon 10.
- Formulations for colonic delivery are also suitable for delivery of drugs which are polar and/or susceptible to chemical and enzymatic degradation in the upper GI tract, highly affected by hepatic metabolism, in particular, therapeutic proteins and peptides 10.
Criteria for Selection of Drug for CDDS:
The best Candidates for CDDS are drugs which show poor absorption from the stomach or intestine including peptides. The drugs used in the treatment of IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease), ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, and colon cancer are ideal candidates for local colon delivery 11. The criteria for selection of drugs for CDDS is summarized in Table 1.12 13
TABLE 1: CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF DRUGS FOR CDDS
|Criteria||Pharmacological Class||Non-peptide drugs||Peptide drugs|
|Drugs used for local effects in Colon against GIT diseases||Anti-inflammatory drugs||Oxyprenolol,Metoprolol,
|Drugs poorly absorbed from upper GIT||Antihypertensive and Antianginal drugs||Ibuprofen,Isosorbides,
|Drugs for colon cancer||Antineoplastic drugs||Pseudoephedrin||Epoetin,Glucagon|
|Drugs that degrade in stomach and small intestine||Peptides and proteins||Bromophenaramine,5-Flourouracil,
|Drugs that undergo extensive first pass metabolism||Nitroglycerin and corticosteroids||Bleomycin, Nicotine||Protirelin Sermorelin,Saloatonin|
Drug Carrier is another factor which influences CDDS. The selection of carrier for particular drugs depends on the physiochemical nature of the drug as well as the disease for which the system is to be used. Factors such as chemical nature, stability and partition coefficient of the drug and type of absorption enhancer chosen influence the carrier selection. Moreover, the choice of drug carrier depends on the functional groups of the drug molecule 14. For example, aniline or nitro groups on a drug may be used to link it to another benzene group through an azo bond. The carriers, which contain additives like polymers (may be used as matrices and hydro gels or coating agents) may influence the release properties and efficacy of the systems 15.
Approaches for colon targeted drug delivery: 16
- Primary approaches for colon targeted drug delivery:
- pH sensitive polymer coated drug delivery system
- Delayed release drug delivery system
- Microbially triggered drug delivery
- Prodrug approach
- Polysaccharide based system
- New approaches for colon targeted drug delivery:
- Pressure controlled drug delivery system (PCDDDS)
- Osmotic controlled drug delivery system (OROS-CT)
- Primary Approaches for CDDS:
- pH sensitive polymer coated drug delivery system:
In the stomach, pH ranges between 1 and 2 during fasting but increases after eating.17 The pH is about 6.5 in the proximal small intestine, and about 7.5 in the distal small intestine.18 From the ileum to the colon, pH declines significantly. It is about 6.4 in the cecum. However, pH values as low as 5.7 have been measured in the ascending colon in healthy volunteers.19 The pH in the transverse colon is 6.6 and 7.0 in the descending colon. Use of pH dependent polymers is based on these differences in pH levels. The polymers described as pH dependent in colon specific drug delivery are insoluble at low pH levels but become increasingly soluble as pH rises.20
Although a pH dependent polymer can protect a formulation in the stomach, and proximal small intestine, it may start to dissolve in the lower small intestine, and the site-specificity of formulations can be poor.21 The decline in pH from the end of the small intestine to the colon can also result in problems, lengthy lag times at the ileo-cecal junction or rapid transit through the ascending colon which can also result in poor site-specificity of enteric-coated single-unit formulations.20
- Delayed or time controlled release drug delivery system:
Time controlled drug delivery system 22 includes sustained or delayed release systems. In this system the delayed release or colon targeted drug delivery is attained by prolonging the lag time. The transit time varies in different parts of gastrointestinal tract. This transit time is responsible for the delayed release of drug. The main drawbacks of this delivery system are that the transit time varies from one person to other and amount of food intake.
FIG.1: DESIGN OF ENTERIC COATED TIMED-RELEASE PRESS COATED TABLET (ETP TABLET)
Enteric coated time-release press coated (ETP) tablets, are composed of three components, a drug containing core tablet (rapid release function), the press coated swellable hydrophobic polymer layer (Hydroxy propyl cellulose layer (HPC), time release function) and an enteric coating layer (acid resistance function). The tablet does not release the drug in the stomach due to the acid resistance of the outer enteric coating layer. After gastric emptying, the enteric coating layer rapidly dissolves and the intestinal fluid begins to slowly erode the press coated polymer (HPC) layer.
- Microbially triggered drug delivery system:
The microflora of colon is in the range of 1011 -1012 CFU/mL23, consisting mainly of anaerobic bacteria, e.g. Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, Eubacteria, Clostridia, Enterococci, Enterobacteria and Ruminococcus etc. This vast microflora fulfills its energy needs by fermenting various types of substrates that have been left undigested in the small intestine, e.g. di- and tri- saccharides, polysaccharides etc 24. For this fermentation, the microflora produces a vast number of enzymes like glucoronidase, xylosidase, arabinosidase, galactosidase, nitroreductase, azareducatase, deaminase, and urea dehydroxylase 25. Because of the presence of the biodegradable enzymes only in the colon, the use of biodegradable polymers for colon-specific drug delivery seems to be a more site-specific approach as compared to other approaches 26.
These polymers shield the drug from the environments of stomach and small intestine, and are able to deliver the drug to the colon. On reaching the colon, they undergo assimilation by micro-organism, or degradation by enzyme or break down of the polymer back bone leading to a subsequent reduction in their molecular weight and thereby loss of mechanical strength27-31. They are then unable to hold the drug entity any longer. 32
TABLE 2: EXAMPLES OF PRODRUG SYSTEM FOR CDDS
|Salicylic acid||Amino acidconjugates,
Prodrug 33 is the main approach of microbial triggered drug delivery system in which the drug release from the formulation is triggered by the microflora present in the gut. Prodrug is the inactive form of an active parent drug that undergoes enzymatic transformation to release the active drug. The produrgs are prepared by linking the active drug with hydrophobic moieties like amino acids, glucoronic acids, glucose, galactose, cellulose, etc. These prodrug molecules get hydrolysed in the presence of the enzymes released by the microflora.
The main drawback of this approach is that the formulation depends on the functional groups available on drug moiety for chemical linkage. The prodrugs formed upon linkage results in the formation of new chemical entities that need a lot of evaluation before using them as carriers.
The most widely used prodrug approach is the metabolism of azo compounds by intestinal bacteria. Polysaccharide based delivery system is the other form of microbial triggered drug delivery system. Naturally occurring polysaccharides like guar gum, xanthan gum, chitosan, alginates, etc. are used in targeting the drug delivery. These are broken down by the colonic microflora to simple saccharides.
TABLE 3: DIFFERENT POLYMERS USED FOR CDDS BASED ON MICROBIAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM 33
|Polysaccharides||Alginates, Amylose,Cellulose, Chitosan, Starch, Chondroitin sulphate, pectin,
xanthan gum, etc
- New approaches for colon targeted drug delivery:
- Pressure controlled drug delivery system:
Digestion mainly occurs due to the contractility of the stomach and peristaltic movement of the intestine. The contractility movement of stomach leads to the digestion or breakdown of larger particles to smaller ones which are then transferred to intestine. The peristaltic movement of intestine is responsible for the passage of bolus from one part of GIT to the next part. The peristaltic movement of ascending colon transfers the bolus to transverse colon called as mass peristalsis. These peristaltic movements occur in limited number i.e. three to four times a day. These peristaltic movements of intestine results in an increase in the luminal pressure. This increase in luminal pressure is the key point in the development of pressure controlled drug delivery system.
The pressure controlled drug delivery system 34 consists of a capsule in which the drug is present. These gelatin capsules are coated with water insoluble polymer like ethyl cellulose on their inner side. The drug is introduced into the capsule along with suppository base. The thickness of ethyl cellulose coating determines the disintegration capacity of the capsule. After administration the suppository base dissolves at body temperature. The water from intestinal contents is absorbed resulting in increased viscosity which leads to an increase in the pressure in the capsule. The pressure in the capsule expels the drug into the colon.
CODES is a unique CDDS technology that was designed to avoid the inherent problems associated with pH-or time –dependent systems 35, 36. CODES is a combined approach of pH dependent and microbially triggered CDDS. It has been developed by utilizing a unique mechanism involving lactulose, which acts as a trigger for site specific drug release in the colon, (Fig. 2).
FIG. 2: SCHEMATICS OF THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF CODES™
The system consists of a traditional tablet core containing lactulose, which is over coated with and acid soluble material, Eudragit E, and then subsequently overcoated with an enteric material, Eudragit L. The premise of the technology is that the enteric coating protects the tablet while it is located in the stomach and then dissolves quickly following gastric emptying. The acid soluble material coating then protects the preparation as it passes through the alkaline pH of the small intestine.37
Once the tablet arrives in the colon, the bacteria enzymetically degrade the polysaccharide (lactulose) into organic acid. This lowers the pH surrounding the system sufficient to effect the dissolution of the acid soluble coating and subsequent drug release.38
- Osmotic controlled drug delivery system (OROS-CT):
The OROS-CT (Alza corporation) can be used to target the drug locally to the colon for the treatment of disease or to achieve systemic absorption that is otherwise unattainable.39 The OROS-CT system can be a single osmotic unit or may incorporate as many as 5-6 push-pull units, each 4mm in diameter, encapsulated within a hard gelatin capsule, (Fig. 3). 40 Each bilayer push pull unit contains an osmotic push layer and a drug layer, both surrounded by a semipermeable membrane. An orifice is drilled through the membrane next to the drug layer. Immediately after the OROS-CT is swallowed, the gelatin capsule containing the push-pull units dissolves.
Because of its drug-impermeable enteric coating, each push-pull unit is prevented from absorbing water in the acidic aqueous environment of the stomach, and hence no drug is delivered. As the unit enters the small intestine, the coating dissolves in this higher pH environment (pH >7), water enters the unit, causing the osmotic push compartment to swell, and concomitantly creates a flowable gel in the drug compartment. Swelling of the osmotic push compartment forces drug gel out of the orifice at a rate precisely controlled by the rate of water transport through the semipermeable membrane. For treating ulcerative colitis, each push pull unit is designed with a 3-4 h post gastric delay to prevent drug delivery in the small intestine. Drug release begins when the unit reaches the colon. OROS-CT units can maintain a constant release rate for up to 24 hours in the colon or can deliver drug over a period as short as four hours. Recently, new phase transited systems have come which promise to be a good tool for targeting drugs to the colon.[41-44] Various in vitro / in vivo evaluation techniques have been developed and proposed to test the performance and stability of CDDS.
FIG.3: CROSS-SECTION OF THE OROS-CT COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
For in vitro evaluation, not any standardized evaluation technique is available for evaluation of CDDS because an ideal in vitro model should posses the in-vivo conditions of GIT such as pH, volume, stirring, bacteria, enzymes, enzyme activity, and other components of food. Generally, these conditions are influenced by the diet, physical stress, and these factors make it difficult to design a slandered in-vitro model. In vitro models used for CDDS are:
- a) In vitro dissolution test:
Dissolution of controlled-release formulations used for colon-specific drug delivery are usually complex, and the dissolution methods described in the USP cannot fully mimic in vivo conditions such as those relating to pH, bacterial environment and mixing forces.45 Dissolution tests relating to CDDS may be carried out using the conventional basket method. Parallel dissolution studies in different buffers may be undertaken to characterize the behavior of formulations at different pH levels. Dissolution tests of a colon-specific formulation in various media simulating pH conditions and times likely to be encountered at various locations in the gastrointestinal tract have been studied.46 The media chosen were, for example, pH 1.2 to simulate gastric fluid, pH 6.8 to simulate the jejunal region of the small intestine, and pH 7.2 to simulate the ileum segment. Enteric-coated capsules for CDDS have been investigated in a gradient dissolution study in three buffers. The capsules were tested for two hours at pH 1.2, then one hour at pH 6.8, and finally at pH 7.4.47
- b) In vitro enzymatic test:
For this there are 2 tests:
- Incubate carrier drug system in fermenter containing suitable medium for bacteria (Streptococcus faccium or ovatus) amount of drug released at different time intervals determined.
- Drug release study is done in buffer medium containing enzymes (enzyme pectinase, dextranase), or rat or guinea pig or rabbit cecal contents. The amount of drug released in particular time is determined, which is directly proportional to the rate of degradation of polymer carrier 48.
- c) In vivo evaluation:
A number of animals such as dogs, guinea pigs, rats, and pigs are used to evaluate the delivery of drug to colon because they resemble the anatomic and physiological conditions as well as the micro flora of human GIT. While choosing a model for testing a CDDS, relative model for the colonic diseases should also be considered. Guinea pigs are commonly used for experimental IBD model. The distribution of azoreductase and glucouronidase activity in the GIT of rat and rabbit is fairly comparable to that in the human.49 For rapid evaluation of CDDS, a novel model has been proposed. In this model, the human fetal bowel is transplanted into a subcutaneous tullel on the back of thymic nude mice, which bascularizes within four weeks, matures, and becomes capable of developing of mucosal immune system from the host.
Drug Delivery Index (DDI) and Clinical Evaluation of Colon-Specific Drug Delivery Systems:
DDI is a calculated pharmacokinetic parameter, following single or multiple dose of oral colonic prodrugs. DDI is the relative ratio of RCE (Relative colonic tissue exposure to the drug) to RSC (Relative amount of drug in blood i.e. that is relative systemic exposal to the drug). High drug DDI value indicates better colon drug delivery. Absorption of drugs from the colon is monitored by colonoscopy and intubation. Currently, gamma scintigraphy and high frequency capsules are the most preferred techniques employed to evaluate colon drug delivery systems.50
CONCLUSION: The colonic region of the GIT has become an increasingly important site for drug delivery and absorption. Colon targeted drug delivery system offers benefits of both local as well as systemic effects. Colon specificity is more likely to be achieved with systems that utilize natural materials that are degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes. The main advantage of CDDS is that the colon offers near neutral pH, a long transit time, reduced enzymatic activity and increased responsiveness to absorption enhancers. The novel approaches are more specific compared to the primary approaches. The biodegradable polymers are used for the colon specific delivery of the drug. For the in vitro evaluation of the system the current dissolution techniques are not suitable. Research is going on to develop suitable dissolution methods to evaluate the colon targeted drug delivery systems.
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How to cite this article:
Ghugarkar P, Kulat P, Swain K and Suggala V and Shaik D: Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System: A Reveiw on Primary and Novel Approaches. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2015; 6(7): 2681-88.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(7).2681-88.
All © 2013 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
P. Ghugarkar*, P. Kulat, K. Swain and V. Suggala and D. Shaik
Department of Pharmaceutics, Padmashree Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation’s College of Pharmacy, Vilad Ghat, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.
05 October 2014
08 February, 2015
28 February, 2015
01 July, 2015

domain: medical


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We regret to inform you that due to current the situation of Corona Virus (NCOV19) and the prevalence of this disease we have to cancel upcoming NMPF 2020 conference in Bucharest, Romania.
We are very sorry about it but we do not want to risk anybody’s health.
Neonatal/Perinatal Medical Forum (NPMF-2020) will be held between March 12 and March 15, 2020 in Bucharest, Romania. This congress is set out to be a great academic occasion to explore the new clinical and cutting-edge research works in Perinatology and Neonatology including technology and connect with some of the leading scientists from around the globe. For the first time in many years, we have workshops on Functional Echocardiography and bedside Lung ultrasound to diagnose and treat critically ill newborns. I am very confident that we will engage you in an unforgettable and most memorable experience in exploring new treatments to improve outcomes for the babies and families you care for. To improve outcomes, obstetricians and neonatologists need to work in concert. On behalf of the Scientific Committee, I extend a warm welcome to you and look forward to seeing you in Bucharest, Romania.
Rangasamy Ramanathan, MBBS, MD.
Professor of Pediatrics
Keck School of Medicine of USC
Chief, Division of Neonatology
LAC+USC Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
12 - 14 March
League of medical and pharmaceutical specialists from European countries "LIMARE"


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Spicy Asian Beef & Peas
Full of flavors Asian dish using fresh bell pepper, mung bean sprouts, green peas and lean beef with a taste of chili pepper, cinnamon and coconut milk.
||Slice beef in long strips. Put meat in a bowl, add apple vinegar and half tablespoon of oil.
||Let marinate a while in a fridge (if in a hurry, give the beef at least 10 minutes, while you're preparing the other ingredients).
||Cut pepper in strips.
||Heat oil in a saucepan. Fry meat all over.
||Add pepper and fry one more minute.
||Add broth (or water if you don't want to use broth). Braise until pepper is softer, but still firm.
||Add green peas and mung bean sprouts. Let cook until peas unfreeze.
There are 312 calories in 1 serving of Spicy Asian Beef & Peas.
Calorie split: 46% fat, 19% carbs, 35% protein.
Amount Per Serving
% Daily Values*
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Tasty dish for lunch or dinner.
Per serve - Energy: 418kcal | Carb: 40.88g | Prot: 28.16g | Fat: 15.38g
A satisfying, protein-rich dish.
Per serve - Energy: 436kcal | Carb: 14.43g | Prot: 30.07g | Fat: 28.08g
Beef Panang Curry
A flavorful Asian dish perfect for dinner.
Per serve - Energy: 921kcal | Carb: 12.41g | Prot: 27.16g | Fat: 83.76g
Stir Fry Sirloin Steak
A low-cholesterol, meat dish that's easy to prepare.
Per serve - Energy: 115kcal | Carb: 10.45g | Prot: 6.15g | Fat: 6.22g

domain: food


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ITM business has been an integral part of society where the social impact could become unintended if they are not well managed. To avoid harming people from our activities, we work in partnership with all related stakeholders, including the government, local people, civil society, international regulators, and development agencies. We also put strong attention to our employees, as one of the closest stakeholders of our business, through various trainings and fair work evaluation systems while we consistently aim for a healthy work-life balance.
One aspect that we put as the top priority is the health and safety of our people, contractors, and local communities. To manage and protect the health and safety, we have set, implemented, and evaluated various measures and focus on understanding and managing the risk, including the risk response, in order to minimize the risk of any incident and injuries. Our ultimate goal in the health and safety aspect is indisputable, to provide a work environment that is free from any incidents and injuries.

domain: sociology


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Tennessee Alcoholic Beverage Commission
To be the most fair, effective, and responsible state regulators of the alcoholic beverage industry in the country.
Our Mission Statement:
The mission of the Tennessee Alcoholic Beverage Commission is to protect the public welfare by regulating the alcoholic beverage industry in an objective, transparent, and consistent manner while enforcing and applying the laws of Tennessee.
Our Core Values:
Accountability, Consistency, Transparency, Integrity, Efficiency, Objectivity.

domain: law


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As Australia’s health policymakers show increasing interest in expanding the practice of ‘pay for performance’ in health programs, leading medical experts and health economists will present an open forum on the pros and cons of financial incentives at Bond University on March 10.
“Pay for performance programs are generally seen by healthcare policymakers as a means of promoting prevention strategies,” said forum convenor and one of the world’s leading experts in Evidence-Based Medicine, Professor Paul Glasziou.
“In various Australian states, Practice Incentive Payments (PIPs) and Service Incentive Payments (SIPs) are paid to doctors, clinicians and hospitals for meeting certain targets in the delivery of preventative practices such as childhood immunisations, diabetes monitoring programs, pap tests and so on.
“In the United Kingdom and the USA, the practice is far more widespread and Australian policymakers are currently looking very closely at the potential for following in their footsteps.
“As such, we believe it is timely to bring the key authorities together with the medical community for a frank and public discussion of the pros and cons.”
According to Dr Glasziou, the Pay for Performance (P4P) experience both here and overseas has not been all good news.
“There has been evidence that these financial incentives can misdirect the clinician’s attention away from the patient issues at hand; that clinicians become de-motivated and feel they have lost control of patient care by being “told what to do”; and that it encourages game playing that masks the true picture – for instance, when patients are transferred from one hospital to another in order to meet discharge targets.”
The aim of the March 10 Financial Incentives Conference at Bond University is to ensure that P4P programs are balanced against any potential downsides and that both policymakers and clinicians understand when and where such programs can do more harm than good.
“Pay for Performance is not a one-size-fits-all approach,” said Dr Glasziou.
“Getting the right type of incentive to the right person in the right circumstances is crucial to implementation.
“In presenting an overview of the evidence for and against financial incentives, our aim is to develop a checklist that will aid decision-makers in when and how they can be used for optimum effect,” he said.
Conference presenters include leading health economics researcher, Professor Tony Scott and Dr Ian Scott who will present the findings of the recent P4P experiment conducted in Queensland hospitals; general practitioner and economist, Dr Jenny Doust, who has conducted extensive research into the adverse impacts of P4P; and healthcare policy advisor, Dr Heather Buchan.
The conference is open to all healthcare providers across the broad spectrum of the industry and to interested members of the general public.
Register here or for more information contact the Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice at Bond University on 07-5595 4482.
In the global healthcare industry, ‘pay for performance’ or P4P refers to financial incentives paid to healthcare providers for meeting specified targets – increasing the number of vaccinations administered to patients in a general practice setting, for instance; or discharging hospital patients within a certain timeframe.
The P4P practice has been widely adopted in the United Kingdom where over one billion pounds in financial incentives are paid out every year. The practice is also becoming increasingly common in the United States.
Whilst the practice is not as widespread in Australia, a number of Practice Incentive Payments and Service Incentive Payments have been operating for many years and Queensland Health has recently conducted an experiment within the state’s hospital system to test the waters for expanding the program.


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It was a red letter day for Bendigo cricketers in Victoria Premier Cricket.
Former White Hills keeper-batsman Brayden Stepien blasted a century, ex-Strathfieldsaye quick Xavier Crone bagged five wickets and former Sandhurst paceman Nick Gladman made his first XI debut.
Stepien and Crone were the stars of Carlton's big win over Kingston Hawthorn at Princes Park.
After being sent into bat, Carlton posted 7-297 off its 50 overs.
Stepien was at his brilliant best, making 104 off just 93 balls, including eight fours and four sixes.
After initially playing second fiddle to opening partner Tom Smyth, Stepien launched a brutal attack on the Kinbgston Hawthorn bowlers to bring up his second century of the season.
Smyth (90 off 80 balls) and Stepien added 190 for the first wicket.
There were still 17 overs remaining when Stepien was dismissed with the score on 203.
Crone then went about destroying the Kingston Hawthorn top-order.
The Victorian squad member was on a hat-trick after taking wickets with the second and third ball of the innings.
He repeated the dose with the first two balls of his sixth over.
Crone eventually finished with 5-23, with Kingston Hawthorn dismissed for a paltry 55.
It was Crone's second five-wicket haul of the summer.
Gladman took a wicket on debut for Essendon in the Bombers' loss to Prahran.
Gladman, who earlier this summer played for Victoria Country at the national under-19 championships, had Prahran opener James Billington caught behind for 35 with his second ball in first XI cricket.
He finished with figures of 1-35 off five overs in Prahran's total of 7-240.
Gladman batted number 11 and made six in Essendon's score of 196.
Gladman's Essendon team-mate James Seymour, who was recruited from Bendigo, had a solid day with bat and ball.
Seymour took 2-21 off his 10 overs of off-spin and then made 39 off 44 balls with the bat.
The Bombers were without Liam Bowe, who was picked to make his debut with the Sydney Thunder in the Big Bash League on Saturday night.
Elsewhere in first XI action, former Sandhurst keeper-batsman Isaac Conway made one in Camberwell Magpies' 39-run loss to Northcote.
Former Sandhurst junior Damon Egan made eight for St Kilda in the Saints' 13-run win over Monash Tigers.
Have you signed up to the Bendigo Advertiser's daily newsletter and breaking news emails? You can register below and make sure you are up to date with everything that's happening in central Victoria.


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HOME >> yoga for women >> best yoga pants women
Yoga exercise is a diverse and dissipates practice together with numerous post that can be interwoven in many ways.
Some classes can also include chanting or a great inspirational examining, depending on the specific teacher plus the yoga fashion.
With so many forms of yoga, it is usually daunting to choose the right one. This taken advantage of sheet handles 20 common styles (including Bikram/hot pilates, power yoga exercises, and Kundalini) to help you focus the field. Although there is usually a bit of learning from your errors involved also. You may find the top yoga type on the initially try, however you may also have to shop around and try different things until you discover the one that thinks right.
If you are not in any way flexible certainly not mean weight loss do yoga exercises. It means you could and you should. Yoga is not a hobby that you need to have got trained to get since child years. It's not a competition where the bendiest person will get a prize. It's not actually something you may be "good at" or "bad at" since there is no remaining goal to achieve, nothing to attain.
So now that will we've considered the veil off a lttle bit and confident you that can be done yoga, how would you follow through as well as get started? The simplest thing you can apply is discover a class near by and head to it. It requires to be easy to your home or perhaps work to ensure getting there isn't a project. And it is definitely a class for beginners.
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Today the majority of people practicing pilates are done the third arm or leg, asana, the program associated with physical poses designed to detox the body and provide the real strength as well as stamina important for long periods of meditation.
The first rule of yoga exercises philosophy is ahimsa, this means non hurting to self applied and others. Some people interpret this specific to include avoiding to eat animal goods. There is issue about this from the yoga community-I believe that it is just a personal judgement that everybody has to make for themselves. If you are thinking about becoming a vegan, be sure to are the cause of your personal medical issues as well exactly how your choices will certainly affect people with whom your house is. Being a all-vegetable should not be something which you entail on others-that kind of violent action itself is not a manifestation of ahimsa.
Yoga will be amazing-even in the event you only train for one time a week, you can experience the great things about the training. If you can get out and about as opposed that, you can certainly encounter more gains. I suggest beginning with two or three times per week, for an hr or one hour and a half whenever. If you can only accomplish 20 short minutes per treatment, that's good too. Never let time difficulties or not viable goals end up being an obstacle-do what you can and don't bother about it. You will likely find that after a few years your prefer to practice grows naturally and you will probably find yourself accomplishing more and more.
In yoga exercises practice most of us twist back and forth, turn the wrong way up, and curve forward as well as backward. When you have not totally digested your own personal last food, it will help make itself seen to you in ways that are not relaxed. If you are a person with a fast-acting digestive system and they are afraid you can find hungry or perhaps feel weakened during yoga exercises class, experiment with a light snack such as fat free yogurt, a few insane, or drink about thirty minutes to an hr before course.

domain: hobby


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ON a recent Friday night in Rio de Janeiro, a mix of young locals and tourists sipped caipirinhas and danced along to a samba-infused rock band at the Maze, a combination bed-and-breakfast and night club. The moonlit vistas of Sugar Loaf and Guanabara Bay commanded nearly as much attention as the music; between sets, partiers flooded up to the roof for fresh air and to take in a view that bests those of any hotel on Ipanema Beach.
The view comes courtesy of the venue’s unlikely location: it sits atop one of Rio’s favelas, slums best known to the rest of the world as centers of drug trafficking and violence. Not too long ago, few tourists would have ventured to the Maze, but that, along with the favelas’ reputation, is beginning to change.
Starting in 2008, in advance of the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Summer Olympics — Brazil is hosting both — Rio’s government began an effort to wrest control from local drug gangs and install community police units (called U.P.P.’s) in its favelas. The result has been a significant decrease in crime, and an increase in tourism, as mom-and-pop restaurants, pousadas and music venues with gritty charm and unparalleled views are attracting visitors, Brazilians and foreigners alike, to the hillside communities.
When Bob Nadkarni first opened the Maze (Rua Tavares Bastos 414, No. 66; 55-21-2558-5547; jazzrio.com) in the Tavares Bastos favela in 2005, the spot attracted “tourists with an adventurous side,” said Mr. Nadkarni’s son, Bruno, who grew up in the space before it was converted into a bed-and-breakfast and now manages its music nights. (Tavares Bastos has been considered relatively safe since 2000, when the state’s Special Operations Police Unit moved its headquarters to the community.)
In nearby Santa Marta, the first favela to receive the U.P.P., a lookout point features a statue and mural of Michael Jackson, who shot a music video there in 1996. Steps away, the friendly owners of Bar do Zequinha (Rua do Mengão), serve inexpensive plates of their specialty, frango à passarinho, crispy chicken topped with fried garlic and parsley.
Below, Praça Cantão bustles with weekend concerts and dance parties. When the local samba school Mocidade Unida do Santa Marta rehearses nearby, visitors can take in the sounds from Bar do João (Rua Jupira 72; 55-21-8294-7775), which serves standard but satisfying Brazilian fare just across the street.
In Chapéu Mangueira, a favela overlooking Copacabana Beach, Bar do David (Ladeira Ary Barroso 66; 55-21-7808-2200) is another nexus of activity. On a recent Sunday afternoon, locals and tourists in plastic chairs dined on the restaurant’s signature seafood feijoada. As children kicked around a soccer ball, two police officers stopped in to say hello to the owner, David Vieira Bispo.
Mr. Bispo opened the restaurant last year, shortly after the community police entered the favela. “The tourists only started coming after the U.P.P.,” he said. “But people here have been very receptive. They’re proud of their community.”
Up several breathtaking flights of stairs, in the adjacent Babilônia favela, sits Feijoada do Pituca (55-21-2295-3771), an outdoor restaurant known for its namesake black bean and pork stew, live samba and one of the best views in Rio. The owner, César Zerbinato, opened the restaurant shortly after the U.P.P. arrived, catering to the growing number of tourists who hike a now-safe nature trail in the area.
“People come because they’re curious,” said Mr. Zerbinato’s niece, Debora Zerbinato. “They only hear about violence and trafficking. They want to see what it’s really like.”

domain: geography


Digital media: “We often don’t have the right data”
25 Jun 2021
Are digital media more likely to benefit or undermine democracy? To answer this question, researchers need access to data which are largely in the hands of a few major tech platforms, says LMU statistician Frauke Kreuter.
Frauke Kreuter is Professor of Statistics and Data Science in the Humanities and Social Sciences at LMU. She is also a member of the task force set up by the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the German Academy of Technological Sciences (acatech) and the Union of German Academies of Sciences, which issued a statement on “Digitalization and Democracy” this month.
The Leopoldina has just issued a set of recommendations on the topic of “Digitalization and Democracy” What prompted this step?
Frauke Kreuter: There are actually several reasons for drawing attention to the issue. Digital media have transformed the landscape in which political views are developed and disseminated. This in turn has given rise to justified fears that digitalization has the potential to become a destabilizing influence on societal cohesion.
This was exemplified by the storming of the US Capitol in Washington DC on the 6th of January. Social media also serve as a vehicle for the promotion of movements that could present a danger to democracies. That’s enough to make one nervous. But it is by no means the case that those who participated on the task force regard social media as an unhealthy development. On the contrary, the advent of digital media has had many positive effects. They give less strident voices and more reasonable views a better chance to be heard, for example.
But there is a risk that they give the loudest voices more prominence than they deserve. So it’s important to take a closer look and consider how digital infrastructure in democracies should be organized in future.
The problem is that the data needed to find out, and understand, what’s really going on in digital media are often inaccessible.
Access to databases for researchers
How much empirical information is available on the subject?
Frauke Kreuter: A large collection of empirical findings have been published. The problem is that the data needed to find out, and understand, what’s really going on in digital media are often inaccessible.
In the context of social media, many attempts have been made to analyze the impact of trolls or foreign governments on the evolution of political opinions during election campaigns. Empirical studies show that attempts have indeed been made to influence the outcome of elections. But when it comes to defining and quantifying the effects of such efforts, we are left with many unanswered questions.
There have been some very positive initiatives, such as Social Science One in the US, that have tried to share anonymized Facebook data with other researchers. But the interesting data remain in the hands of a few platform operators. One of the recommendations made by our task force is that steps should be taken to make it easier for researchers to gain access to these databases.
Algorithms lack transparency
Algorithms play a central role in digital media. Can you give me some examples of how they work?
Frauke Kreuter: Algorithms are employed for the organization and analysis of the use of different types of content. For instance, they are used to select the content most likely to be of interest to users, based on each individual’s search patterns. In principle, this is one way in which digital media could contribute to the radicalization of users, and potentially lead to a misrepresentation of the diversity of public opinion.
The problem here is the lack of transparency. Algorithms are based on correlations and probabilities. They take account of many variables and learn from the combinations that were effective in the past. This means that it’s essentially impossible to determine why any individual item is displayed. This is a problem that turns up everywhere algorithms are employed. Another example is their use in personalized advertising, also referred to as microtargeting.
Not everyone is able to program an algorithm. But it should be possible to develop a feeling for the roles that algorithms play in the digital world.
Increasing people’s awareness of how digital media work
That’s not something the average user is likely to consider. Should personalization of data be regulated or disallowed?
Frauke Kreuter: Personalization of content as such is not necessarily problematic. It is quite legitimate for me to be shown things that are of interest to me. It can also be very practical – for example, if the shoes I’m shown are shoes likely to please me. The important question is how much personalization can democracy take?
About two years ago, platforms such as Facebook introduced a feature that gave users the option to learn why the specific commercial items in their own newsfeeds are shown to them. But few users are aware of the fact that algorithms determine what they are shown, or know how they can find out why.
This is why it is so important to increase people’s awareness of how digital media work. Not everyone is capable of building an automobile, but everyone can learn to drive safely. And I would apply this model to this new world, which is powered by algorithms. Not everyone is able to program an algorithm. But it should be possible to develop a feeling for the roles that algorithms play in the digital world, to be more skeptical about their purpose, and to recognize that “this content was generated specifically for me”.
The power of tech plattforms
How does your work investigate questions like these?
Frauke Kreuter: My research focuses on algorithms and fairness. Who gets to see what sorts of content? How and when do algorithms reflect social change? After all, they learn from historical training data and therefore tend to reproduce outmoded attitudes for longer than necessary.
In many areas this is relatively easy to recognize. My canonical example is searching for images via Google. Up until a few years ago, when you entered the search term ‘university professor’, all the professors shown were white males. At some point, Google likely discovered the issue of diversity, and suddenly African-American professors appeared on the screen. In the meantime, Google has tweaked the algorithm in such a way that not only images of the individuals who are most frequently sought are shown. Now the selection of university professors includes an (almost) equal proportion of women.
This underlines the power these platforms have. The earlier algorithm wasn’t misleading, there are still more male than female professors; however, somebody likely made the conscious decision that, instead of relying on the historical training data and reproducing the past, it would be better to alter the algorithm in such a way that the results are now reflecting a more equal distribution, which in many institutions is more aspirational than actual.
In order to promote greater awareness of the interplay of algorithms and societal circumstances, our statement on “Digitalization and Democracy” recommends to integrate at the university level relevant expertise in the humanities and the social and behavioural sciences into the curricula of STEM disciplines and basic technical mathematics and methodological skills in all subjects. In addition, there should be compulsory courses in research and data ethics.
The reorganization of our digital infrastructure is a mammoth task, which can only be undertaken collaboratively.
Looking for quality of the training data
In your research, you analyze algorithms using statistical methods. What are you looking for?
Frauke Kreuter: Algorithms make predictions, and predictions can be wrong. The degree of uncertainty associated with a prediction rises if the data on which it is based are sparse. If the error probabilities vary between different groups in a sample, the results can be distorted and unfair. Algorithms can also learn from discriminatory practices used against specific groups in the past, and could in turn be used to perpetuate social inequalities.
In the example of the female professors mentioned above, the statistics are known. We know what we can, at best, expect to see. In many other contexts this is not the case. So, we also study issues relating to the quality of the data and the error probabilities. This involves taking a very close look at how the data were generated: Which sets of data were chosen for the training of algorithms? And is the quality of the training data for all social groups equally good?
Forming research partnerships
So, you could assess the effects of the algorithms used on digital media if you had access to the relevant data?
Frauke Kreuter: Yes. Some of the tests that can be applied to algorithms are a black box. But the greater the level of transparency, the easier it is for us to assess whether algorithms are compatible with the principles of fairness, meaning that AI decisions are consistent with fundamental democratic values and fundamental rights, in particular the principles of equal treatment and protection against discrimination.
So, our task force also recommends the formation of research partnerships with platform operators, with a view to gaining access to informative data for research purposes, and studying what is actually happening with digital media.
I am confident that, in this respect, we can look forward to positive changes in the near future. That‘s also the impression I get in my discussions with colleagues who work for Facebook and Google. The dominant platforms are now aware of the risks. The reorganization of our digital infrastructure is a mammoth task, which can only be undertaken collaboratively.
For more information on digitalisation and democracy, see:


Teen’s truck overturns in Elgin tornado Posted in: News A video shot by storm chaser Brian Emfinger of Live Storms Media went viral last week, as it showed the red truck of 16-year-old Manor resident, Riley Leon, overturning on an Elgin stretch of Route 290 during last Monday’s tornado. The video captured the breathtaking scene of the truck skidding along the highway on its side before suddenly flipping upright onto its four wheels, at which point Leon was able to drive off of the roadway.Leon, who last week informed FOX7 Austin that he had been returning home from a job interview at Whataburger at the time of the incident,PLEASE LOG IN FOR PREMIUM CONTENT. Our website requires visitors to log in to view the best local news. Not yet a subscriber? Subscribe today!


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Adams Funeral Homes
Adams contains: Renfrew Mill No. 2 and Mount Greylock.
Nathan Jones purchased the township of East Hoosac at auction in 1762 from the state for £3,200. The town was officially incorporated in 1778 as Adams, named in honor of Samuel Adams, revolutionary leader, signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor. Much of the land had been subdivided into 100-acre (0. 40 km) and 200-acre (0. 81 km) lots. These were mostly farms with frontage on the Hoosic River, which over time would provide water power for woolen, cotton, lumber and plastic mills.
First settled in 1737, North Adams was originally part of Adams until the town split in 1878. Although there has never been a town of South Adams, the name was used prior to 1878 to specify the southern part of the town that had long had two primary centers, and survives in the name of the South Adams Savings Bank, which was incorporated in 1869.
Early settlers in the 1760s included a group of Quakers, many of whom came together from Smithfield, Rhode Island. The Quaker civil rights leader, abolitionist...
The official website for the city of Adams is http://www.town.adams.ma.us/.
There are currently 6 funeral home listings for the city of Adams, Massachusetts. Looking for Adams cemeteries?
Some of the notable people born here have been: Stacy Schiff (historian and journalist).
Obituaries for residents might be found in these newspapers: North Adams Transcript.
In 1937, when Ed Dery opened his first funeral home in Pittsfield, life was different. Life moved slower back then. You knew your neighbor, and you knew his needs. Ed Dery knew what his community needed...a friend they could depend on in a time...
890 Main St, Dalton, MA 01226 -
(413) 684-0142 | Website
It is the mission of the Hanson-Walbridge & Shea Funeral & Cremation Service to assist in the recognition of the value of a life lived and to facilitate meaningful ways for the family and community to celebrate the memory of their loved one. In...
213 Main St, Bennington, VT 05201 -
(802) 442-4329 | Website
Facts about Adams, Massachusetts
Adams is a New England town in Berkshire County, Massachusetts County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 8,809 at the 2000 census.
It was reported by Providence Journal on September 20th, 2014 that Anthony J Bodzioch died in N Kingstown, Rhode Island. Bodzioch was 96 years old and was born in Adams, MA. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Anthony J's life.
It was reported by Cincinnati Enquirer and Cincinnati Post on July 22nd, 2014 that Clifford Gerald Lewis died in Cincinnati, Ohio. Lewis was 81 years old and was born in Adams, MA. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Clifford Gerald's life.
It was reported by Providence Journal on May 30th, 2014 that Julia Petrarca died in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. Petrarca was 99 years old and was born in Adams, MA. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor Julia's life.
It was reported by Sarasota Herald-Tribune on February 16th, 2014 that John Joseph Jr Gajda died in Sarasota, Florida. Gajda was 80 years old and was born in Adams, MA. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor John Joseph Jr's life.
It was reported by Orange County Register on October 8th, 2013 that William John "Bill" Timothy died in La Mirada, California. Timothy was 89 years old and was born in Adams, MA. Send flowers to share your condolences and honor William John "Bill"'s life.
Adams Funeral Home News
Marie T. Adams 1930 - 2010
Adams (Rachel) of Easton, Massachusetts; daughters TaMar Sernovya of Glendale ... Pennsylvania and seven grandchildren. A funeral service will be held on Monday, November 1 in St. John Missionary Baptist Church, 230 Warren St., Boston, MA 02116 at 10 AM ...
Cellucci matriarch remembered in Hudson
Her life will be celebrated at a funeral Mass tomorrow at 9 a.m. at Saint Michael's ... Priscilla Cellucci cheered for her son-in-law, Pittsburgh Penguins player Craig Adams, and subscribed to an ice hockey package on TV to follow him.
David P. Wall, 64
A private burial will take place at a later date at the family plot in St. Michael's Cemetery, Springfield. Calling hours will take place Monday, Nov. 8, from 4 to 7 at the funeral home, 521 West Main St., North Adams, MA 01247.
Ex-Union Vale supervisor Donald Wisseman, 90, dies
A funeral is scheduled for this morning ... He was one of the fellows I can say, 'I'm glad I knew him.' " Hank Adams was a friend and neighbor of Wisseman for 29 years. "He was a super guy. He was a real gentleman," said Adams. "He lived two houses down ...
Funeral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, sanctifying, or remembering the life of a deceased person. Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and ...
Funeral (album) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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domain: history


Mira Sorvino was sitting in Dolby Theatre on Sunday night when Frances McDormand, fresh from winning Best Actress for Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri, implored all the female nominees that night to stand with her. While Sorvino did win the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress for 1995's Mighty Aphrodite, she was at the Academy Awards that night as part of the Time's Up movement, and as one of the first women to come forward with an accusation of sexual misconduct against Harvey Weinstein. But Sorvino still felt that, in a very real sense, McDormand was talking to her, too.
"I was touched by her generosity and inclusiveness," Sorvino told BuzzFeed News at the Governors Ball after the telecast as she stood next to her Time's Up compatriot Ashley Judd. "I felt like it was a gesture to all women, and not only in that room, and not only in this industry.
"I feel like there's sort of a wave happening. … This is this moment for all women to stand up in solidarity with each other to demand a better future for all us. So I felt it was very symbolic of everything Ashley and I have been working on, and something that's going to be amazing for my daughters. It was beautiful."
That sentiment was shared by several other women who attended the Oscars who spoke with BuzzFeed News. But it was also clear that McDormand's speech was more than a moment of solidarity. It stood as another powerful call to action in Hollywood's ongoing reckoning.
"I thought it was amazing," said Best Supporting Actress nominee Lesley Manville (Phantom Thread).
Manville was especially taken by McDormand's statement that those serious about financing female-led stories should discuss it in official meetings, and not in passing at the post-Oscar parties.
"She's quite right. It has to be taken seriously," Manville added. "It's not just a chat 'round a glass of wine. It's, right, We're coming into the office, when are we doing it? proper meeting."
Other women singled out McDormand's shout-out to an inclusivity rider — specifically, contract language for in-demand actors that requires productions to hire a minimum number of women and people of color on a crew — as a powerful and proactive message for the industry. Indeed, it was McDormand's singular focus; when BuzzFeed News approached her at the Governors Ball to ask about her speech, she simply said, "Inclusion rider: Look it up," and walked away.
"A lot of people of color have been doing that for a long time unofficially, and demanding a certain number of people on set be people of color," said filmmaker Dee Rees, nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay for Mudbound, which she also directed. "It's making your sets look like the world, at a minimum. And it's not just about tokenism, it's about talent. That's the exciting thing. People with the ability and the ambition can have opportunities that are commensurate with who they are."
Judd — who presented a segment on Time's Up and diversity in Hollywood during the Oscars telecast with fellow Weinstein accusers Salma Hayek and Annabella Sciorra — called McDormand's mention of inclusivity riders "a stroke of genius."
"To be so specific in our industry about … individual actors demanding an inclusivity rider, she made a point that no one else had remembered to make yet tonight," Judd said. "It was very valuable."
“I just want to expand the village of artists that I work with. That's the thing that's necessary, for actors to invest in us.”
Making all these ideas and intentions work to improve diversity within the film industry, however, is a much thornier prospect. When asked whether the attention she's received over the past five months for Mudbound has translated in financiers eager to back her next project, Rees sighed.
"I feel like as a director, my currency is with actors and producers," she said. "So I've definitely felt I've gotten the chance to meet more actors in the past six months than I've had previously. I just want to expand the village of artists that I work with. That's the thing that's necessary, for actors to invest in us."
Darla K. Anderson, producer of the Best Animated Feature winner Coco, said she felt McDormand's speech tapped into a desire within the industry "to have films that look and feel like the world we live in."
Within her field of feature animation, however, it can take the better part of a decade for that drive to lead to tangible results.
"I've been on this film for six years," she said of Coco, Pixar's first film with a nonwhite human protagonist. "It takes time. But you'll start to see the seeds of that start to come to fruition."
And although Anderson noted that she's worked with "so many women at Pixar for so many years," she declined to comment on how former Pixar chief John Lasseter's leave of absence in the wake of his own sexual misconduct allegations may affect how the studio approaches these issues.
And for Judd, McDormand's speech may have been a great moment of female solidarity, but it also made for a stark visual.
"It was very gracious of [Frances] to share what is the moment of a lifetime," she said. "It's also worth nothing that there were far more people seated than there were standing. Hollywood has changed. It is a movement, not a moment. And it's also true that there lies ahead of us a great deal of work to be done."


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Nov. 3, 2021
MAYFLOWER – Ammunition shortages for many rifle calibers may have many hunters treating their deer-hunting rounds as precious commodities. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission would like to remind everyone that sending a bullet or two downrange to ensure your rifle is on-target is well worth the effort and extra rounds needed before modern gun deer hunting season begins Nov. 13.
July 28, 2021
MAYFLOWER — The Dr. James E. Moore Jr. Camp Robinson Firing Range will hold a variety of special offers to its patrons throughout August to celebrate National Shooting Sports Month. Range staff have prepared a variety of promotions to get people off the couch and on the range to prepare for this year’s hunting seasons.
July 21, 2021
The renovated and now reopened Hobbs State Park-Conservation Area shooting range near Rogers has five 100-yards-long shooting lanes, including a mobility-impaired accessible lane. Photo provided by Arkansas State Parks.


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Spark Arrester Blacksburg, Virginia
Producer of music on many labels including a new 7" vinyl release w/Kenny Dope on Ubiquity Records (winners of Gilles Peterson's Worldwide "Label of the Year" Award). Focused rare latin, funk, and electronic vinyl collector for nearly two decades. Performer at hundreds of parties across the nation. Director of Boogieburg Recordings with many releases including a new 7" with more to come.
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domain: artistic


New Delhi: Defending champion Anirban Lahiri and Manav Jaini, the duo who fought it out for the title in a play-off at the Panasonic Open India last year, will renew their battle at the 2012 edition when it tees up next week at the Delhi Golf Club here.
The duo, who played together at a recent golf team event in Bangalore, will now turn rivals and will be gunning for the Asian tour title.
Indians will once again start as strong favourites when the fourth Asian tour event of the year takes place. Indians have been known to dominate events at home, as Lahiri has won two events in 11 months, besides players like SSP Chowrasia winning an co-sanctioned event.
The Panasonic Open India meanwhile received a significant boost with the support of the Ministry of Tourism India for the first time. Adding muscle to the tournament and Indian golf will be live television coverage over four rounds on the Asian Tour`s global platform.
Lahiri will defend his title against a strong line-up of Asian Tour players including Thai legend Thaworn Wiratchant, and Prom Meesawat, Peter Karmis of South Africa and newly crowned Cambodian Classic winner, David Lipsky of the United States.
The strong-line also includes Thailand`s Chawalit Plaphol, a three-time Asian Tour winner, Siddikur of Bangladesh and Ben Fox of the United States will also feature in the event.
Lahiri is also buoyed by his recent qualification for The Open Championship through International Final Qualifying - Asia in Thailand. It will be his Major debut.
Lahiri apart, Indian challenge will also include Gaganjeet Bhullar, Jyoti Randhawa, Himmat Rai, Chiragh Kumar, Manav Jaini and Sri Lankan Mithun Perera. Manish Sharma, Managing Director, Consumer Product Division, Panasonic India said, "In recent years, Panasonic has observed a growing need and enthusiasm for Golf in the country and thus, foresees lucrative opportunity through such associations which provide a platform to connect better with the masses.
"We also have the rising player Anirban Lahiri as Panasonic’s sporting brand ambassador which is in sync with our growing business in India and our aim to be the industry leader in next few years."
Asian Tour Executive Chairman Kyi Hla Han said the live coverage is testament to the global appeal of the Asian Tour.
The challenging Delhi Golf Club will stage the Panasonic Open India for the second year.
Panasonic Open India is supporting the The Golf Foundation to raise funds for the underprivileged through birdie counts. The Golf Foundation is a Registered Charitable Society of like minded golfers who wanted to give back to the game by helping a pool of untapped talent.
The Foundation has created very successful golfers like Ashok Kumar, Rashid Khan and Chikkarangappa to name a few. Shubham Jaglan is presently on the Foundation. He is a seven-year-old prodigy who has won almost all events in his category.


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by Karen Mehall Phillips - Wednesday, March 9, 2016
When it comes to a word to the wise, warning the American public about the fraudulent fundraising activities of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is a hot topic for hunters and non-hunters alike these days as NRAHLF.org comes across yet another video exposing how donors’ money is being rerouted to line HSUS executives’ pockets.
As for how the group continues to pull this off, it isn’t tough to figure it out when you watch its ads featuring all the heart-wrenching emotional appeals. As for the fundraising dollars HSUS does spend, it goes toward attacking mainstream American hunters and our way of life—and, of course, the National Rifle Association of America, which HSUS president and CEO Wayne Pacelle refers to as “extremist.” Now the last time I checked, “extremist,” by definition, referred to those who resort to fanatical, vicious words and actions—and often dangerous attacks. Perhaps HSUS needs a dictionary to look up the word.
If hunters have any doubt as to how radical HSUS is, they can always watch this video. It's also embedded above.
When you get to the part where it attacks the all-American NRA, which is busy fighting for our hunting rights as I type this, by the way, if you’re a hunter and you’re not already an NRA member, you’ve seen the light. It’s time to join!
E-mail your comments/questions about this site to:

domain: news


Parents of children in K-12 schools around the country were bracing for changes in reopening plans after the holiday break amid a surge in Covid-19 cases. Milwaukee shelved its scheduled in-person reopening while Syracuse, N.Y., canceled school.
Milwaukee, which has about 71,000 students, decided to start classes remotely when school resumes on Tuesday because so many teachers have tested positive for Covid-19, said Shahree Douglas, spokeswoman for the district. The goal is to open Monday, Jan. 10, she said.
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CHARLESTON, WV (AP) – Packaging manufacturer Klockner Pentaplast is expanding a production facility in West Virginia. The plant is located in Beaver in Raleigh County.
Gov. Jim Justice’s office says Klockner Pentaplast will add thermoforming capabilities for the North American sustainable food tray market.
A news release from Justice’s office says the investment includes several million dollars in economic development to the area. The plant expansion will create 21 full-time jobs.


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Download the full press release.
The European Commission has launched an eight-week consultation on how to tackle the rising climate change impacts of aviation. The results will feed into a strategy paper due this summer, focusing on possible use of economic instruments.
European finance ministers met today at the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) in Brussels. French and German proposals for introducing a European aviation fuel tax were discussed but no agreement was reached.
European finance ministers are due to meet tomorrow (Thursday 17/2) at the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (ECOFIN) in Brussels. Proposals for introducing a European aviation fuel tax will be discussed. Today, the European Federation for Transport and Environment (T&E) presents ten key reasons why such a measure would benefit European citizens.
In today's Financial Times, T&E Director Jos Dings argues that airlines are wrong to say emissions trading is the only way to combat the impact of aviation on the environment. He also accuses the industry of underestimating the climate impact of global aviation.
In a one-day seminar held at the European Parliament, and hosted by Chris Davies MEP, T&E brought together experts, industry, policy makers and NGOs. Under discussion: future European action to combat the rapidly-growing contribution of the aviation sector to global warming. For more information, download the full announcement.
In today's Financial Times, T&E calls on the global aviation industry to stop its 'continued stream of apocalyptic warnings' about the impact of oil price rises on airlines and to rethink its attitude to environmental policies. Click 'read more' to read the letter.
At last week's International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Assembly in Montreal, Europe fought for the right to tackle emissions from the growing aviation sector. In a briefing published today, T&E examine Europe's options now that ICAO has postponed a final decision on emissions charging until the next Assembly in 2007. The conclusion?
UK Prime Minister Tony Blair has apparently recognised the impact of aviation on climate change (BBC News 15-09-04). In today's Financial Times, Jos Dings challenges him to 'match words with deeds' regarding a proposed disastrous Resolution on the table for the forthcoming International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Assembly in Montreal (starting 28 September). For more information on the environmental threat posed by the Resolution, click here.
The EU Parliament today adopted a Resolution strongly rejecting U.S.-led moves to prevent ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) member states from controlling greenhouse gas emissions from aviation. The Resolution was passed with a large majority.


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Healthy eating habits are so much easier when you visit these Top Farm to Table Restaurants in DFW. Food is a way to experience an entire culture, the people that surround it, and what makes it special.
Get outside while the weather is still mild and visit these restaurants with an outdoor patio.
When you have the best ingredients, the experience becomes elevated. Skipping the salt and pepper to enjoy local homegrown flavors is a part of the journey of Farm to Table cuisine.
Top 10 Farm to Table Restaurants in Dallas-Fort Worth
Visit these top farm to table restaurants in DFW for the Ultimate Dining Experience!
Texas Spice – Dallas
Texas Spice is an innovative farm-to-market restaurant that incorporates local fresh ingredients to create an amazing menu, three meals a day. The rustic interior is outfitted with repurposed materials surrounding you with a real farm-to-table atmosphere. Elegant enough to take a few selfies but casual enough to wear a comfy pair of flats. When it comes down to the menu, you can close your eyes and throw a dart at it. It’s all good. The best part is, it’s all fresh!
Texas Spice, 555 S Lamar St, Dallas, TX 75202
Prime Farm to Table – Flower Mound
Prime in Flower Mound, Texas is a quaint spot tucked away in a strip of restaurants. You wouldn’t notice it unless you’re looking for some good old fashioned farm-raised food. The patio is spectacular when the weather is right. The interior is upscale, cozy, and very inviting. It’s a nice little spot to keep in your back pocket for those intimate date nights. With the menu being updated daily, you’ll always find something new to try. The farms are always listed which provides a great talking point to the spectacular menu.
Prime, 5810 Long Prairie Rd #200, Flower Mound, TX 75028
Cafe Momentum – Dallas
Cafe Momentum is located in the heart of Downtown Dallas right across from Thanks-Giving Square. This prolific establishment is consistently dubbed one of the top restaurants in Dallas. Not just for the food alone, but also for its culinary training helping transform young lives by equipping the community’s most at-risk youth with real-world skills. Cafe Momentum’s seasonal menu is inspired by more than 20 local farms and ranches. Eat fresh and support their cause!
Cafe Momentum, 1510 Pacific Ave, Dallas, TX 75201
Harvest – McKinney
Harvest in McKinney set out to not only serve amazing meals, but to make a long-lasting impact on the community by supporting local farmers, ranchers, and artisans alike. This goal is ensured by sourcing almost all of its food products from a strict 150-mile radius. Not only is the food local but so are the decorative floral arrangements. The tables, booths, and decor were crafted by a local artisan. Harvest embodies the farm to table persona and with good food, you can’t go wrong.
Harvest, 112 E Louisiana St, McKinney, TX 75069
Bolsa – Dallas
Bolsa is a farm-to-table restaurant with seasonally inspired dishes. Located just west of the Bishop Arts District, Bolsa works with local farmers and ranchers to bring you fresh ingredients that are both healthy and appetizing. This New American restaurant is both Innovative and locally sourced.
Bolsa, 614 W Davis St, Dallas, TX 75208
Haywire – Plano
Haywire is a place where you can indulge in style and have the comfort of knowing it’s all fresh and locally souced. This three-story experience has something for everyone. Stop by the first-floor whiskey bar for a low-key yet sophisticated cocktail then make your way up to the main hall and enjoy the delicious food. Top it all off with a rooftop view and a slice of homemade pecan pie.
Haywire, 5901 Winthrop St Ste 110, Plano, TX 75024
Tribal Café – Dallas
Tribal All Day Café sports a menu specializing in health food & juice with lunch counter-style seating in a contemporary space. This small but airy cafe serves breakfast all day accompanied by a selection of lunch options, snacks, coffee and espresso drinks, smoothies, and much more. By far, the most fun you’ll have is sifting through the extensive drink selection. Alcoholic or not, there isn’t a bad choice of the bunch. Don’t be fooled, they are truly passionate about their ingredients.
Tribal All Day Cafe, 263 N Bishop Ave, Dallas, TX 75208
Parigi – Dallas
Parigi is located in Dallas just off of Oak Lawn but has a New York via Paris vibe about it that’s undeniable and consuming. The vibe takes you out of your headspace and allows you to sit back, take a deep breath, and focus on the moment. The stylish menu will leave you wanting to come back for a second round. This neighborhood Bisto is proud of their friends in farmers and the food is the perfect reflection of that harmonious relationship.
Parigi, 3311 Oak Lawn Ave, Dallas, TX 75219
The Farm Stand – Celina
The Farm Stand in Celina, Texas is wholesome, farm-raised, and lick-your-fingers satisfying. Their purpose? To bring you better food, closer to heart that then translates to better living. The staff is fully equipped with foodies who are obsessed with sourcing local ingredients. I dare you not to stuff your face during brunch. I double-dog dare you!
The Farm Stand, 1230 Homestead Ct, Celina, TX 75009
Freshest Top Farm to Table Restaurants in Dallas-Fort Worth
There is a huge part of the Farm to Table process we don’t get to see. Behind the curtains of an unforgettable meal lies all the hard work and dedication of farmers, butchers, chefs, and waiters all working for you. That one grass-fed, hormone-free, locally grown, non-GMO burger you bite into has at least a decade of sweat and tears put into that patty. Enjoy it and tip well. Bon appetit!
More on Metroplex Social:
- Top 8 Dallas Vegan Restaurants That Even Meat Lovers Will Like!
- Top Healthy Restaurants In Dallas That Foodies 100% Love!
- 25 Best Weird and Wonderful Restaurants in Dallas Fort Worth
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- Where To Find The Best Nachos In Dallas Fort Worth
- Places In Mansfield Texas To Go If You’re A Local
- Where To Get Corona Beer Cocktails y Micheladas En Dallas Fort Worth
Which Farm to Table restaurant are you going to visit this weekend? Let us know in the comments! Be sure to follow us at @metroplexsocial on social media for more cool places to visit around Dallas Fort Worth!
Got something to say? Leave a comment.


You're seeing America's new ground-to-air missile defense system in action, destroying an enemy QF-4 Phantom fighter jet. In fact, it simultaneously destroyed two airborne enemies during a stress test last Wednesday. Its name is MEADS and it will replace the famous Patriot missile interceptors.
The test at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico was completely unprecedented and, according to the program managers, it "achieved all criteria for success." Judging by the explosive video, it seems they are not exaggerating.
The enemy targets—a remotely controlled variation of the classic McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom jet and a missile—were coming from opposite directions, pushing the radar and software systems of the interceptors to target and destroy two bogies at the same time in a 360-degree area.