text:
BROCKLEE — Local police have stepped up their efforts to prevent looting on the streets of Brocklee. Thanks to additional patrols and zero-tolerance enforcement, the Brocklee Police Department has issued over 30 looting citations in the past two weeks. Fines for looting range from a minimum of $150 all the way up to $1,500, based on an individual’s past record and the severity of the offense.
This development follows the implementation of Brocklee’s new “superecycling” program, known for its slogan “Think green. Think BIG.” The city signed an exclusive contract with BIG following the dissolution of Brocklee’s former waste-management partner, Wastes of the West. Part of the new contract involved the passage of several city ordinances, including the so-called “Clean & Safe” ordinance being used in the looting crackdown.
Brocklee has always been on the cutting edge of environmentally-friendly planning and programs. The city has reached a new contract agreement with waste management conglomerate “BIG” following their acquisition of the now defunct “Wastes of the West.”
“I’m very pleased with the arrangement,” the Mayor said Tuesday. “I know there was a lot of frustration with the limited recycling programs offered by Wastes of the West. With BIG we have the opportunity not only to catch up with the times, we can be seen as a model for cities of the future. That’s what Superecycling is all about.”
Superecycling involves elements of regular trash pickup, recycling, upcycling, composting, and charitable donations of used goods. BIG has chosen Brocklee businessman Mark Zeiger (and his agency, iSoar Advertising) as its Brocklee Public Relations representative. The following is Zeiger’s simple graphic explaining superecycling, and an open letter to the people of Brocklee.
This Hall of Fame repost is the only onion-style post on fantasticdrivel. After this post, I decided to limit fantasticdrivel to completely real facts, often used to support completely ridiculous conclusions. “Signs of Corruption,” however, remains one of my favorite pieces of drivel to ever disgrace the blogosphere.
Just to be clear: Mark Zeiger is not a real person. I made him up—and I am rather proud of the name. The name Mark means “warlike” and Zeiger is a German surname meaning “signmaker.”
Furthermore, I believe the new garage sale signs are completely legitimate. They are still being used in 2014, and they look very nice. So, thank you to whoever made that happen. And yes, those spraypaint signs were saved and reused year after year for quite a while. Without them, there would not have been any inspiration for this post. So thank you to whoever made that happen, too.
OK, enough preramble. On to the drivel. Enjoy.
originally posted june 4, 2010
Zeiger: “I didn’t sign off on this.”
signs of corruption
no-bid contracts raise eyebrows, ire
An area man is demanding answers from local government following recent allegations of no-bid deals.
Mark Zeiger is a committed family man, a devoted community member, and—until recently—the custodian of the annual neighborhood garage sale signage.

domain: law


|Publication number||US5999062 A|
|Application number||US 09/032,228|
|Publication date||Dec 7, 1999|
|Filing date||Feb 27, 1998|
|Priority date||Feb 27, 1998|
|Publication number||032228, 09032228, US 5999062 A, US 5999062A, US-A-5999062, US5999062 A, US5999062A|
|Original Assignee||Analog Devices, Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (32), Classifications (10), Legal Events (6)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This invention relates generally to crystal oscillators, and more particularly, to an oscillator drive circuit having amplitude control.
Oscillators based on quartz crystals are widely used to provide stable timing signals for electronic circuits. Quartz crystals are passive components, so they must be actively driven to produce a useable signal. However, overdriving a crystal results in mechanical flexures within the crystal which reduce its accuracy. Overdriving also causes unnecessary power dissipation which results in errors due to accelerated aging.
Therefore, there is a need for a crystal oscillator drive circuit which provides precise amplitude control so as to maintain the accuracy of the crystal.
A crystal oscillator drive circuit constructed in accordance with the present invention provides precise and accurately controllable drive to a crystal in a simple, compact circuit, while minimizing the loading of the crystal, thereby maximizing the quality factor "Q" of the crystal.
An object of the present invention is to accurately control the drive signal to a crystal oscillator.
Another object of the present invention is to minimize the drive signal to a crystal oscillator.
A further object of the present invention is minimize the loading of a crystal oscillator.
The present invention achieves these objectives by utilizing a gm cell having a limited peak output current to sense the voltage across the crystal, and then using a resistor to convert the output current into a voltage signal which is fed back to the input to drive the crystal. Because the peak value of the output current from the gm cell is limited, so to is the amplitude of the drive signal to the crystal.
In a fully complementary embodiment, the drive circuit includes two complementary gm cells, two current mirrors, and an output stage having two load resistors. The complementary implementation is self biasing from the supply voltage and provides a symmetric topology that reduces crystal loading by cancelling the base currents in the gm cells. Unbalanced current mirrors having high current gain are utilized to provide a wide output voltage swing while reducing crystal loading by reducing the bias currents in the gm cells.
One aspect of the present invention is a drive circuit for a crystal oscillator comprising: a gm cell for generating a current responsive to the oscillation amplitude of the crystal; a resistor coupled to the gm cell for converting the current to a voltage; and a feedback path coupled between the resistor and the gm cell for driving the crystal responsive to the voltage. The current generated by the gm cell is limited so as to limit the drive to the crystal. The drive circuit can also include: a second gm cell coupled to the first gm cell for generating a second current responsive to the oscillation amplitude of the crystal; and a second resistor coupled to the second gm cell and the first resistor for converting the second current to a second voltage.
Another aspect of the present invention is a drive circuit for a crystal oscillator comprising: a first terminal for coupling the drive circuit to a crystal; a second terminal for providing an output signal; a first gm cell coupled to the first terminal for generating a first differential current responsive to the oscillation amplitude of the crystal; a first current mirror coupled to the first gm cell for converting the first differential current to a first single-ended current; a first resistor coupled between the first current mirror and the second terminal for generating a first voltage responsive to the first single-ended current; and a feedback resistor coupled between the first and second terminals for driving the crystal.
A further aspect of the present invention is a method for driving a crystal oscillator comprising: generating a current responsive to the oscillation amplitude of the crystal; converting the current to a voltage; and feeding the voltage back to the crystal, thereby driving the crystal. The method can further include limiting the current, thereby limiting the drive to the crystal.
An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a simple, compact oscillator drive circuit that maintains a very accurate amplitude of oscillation.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it allows the amplitude of oscillation of a crystal oscillator can be accurately determined by the selection of resistive component values.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a crystal oscillator drive circuit constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a crystal oscillator drive circuit constructed in accordance with the present invention.
A first embodiment of a crystal oscillator drive circuit constructed in accordance with the present invention is shown generally at 10 in FIG. 1. The drive circuit 10 includes a transconductance ("gm") cell comprised of PNP transistors Q1 and Q2 and current source 12, and a current mirror comprised of NPN transistors Q3 and Q4. Transistor Q1 has an emitter connected to a node N1, a collector connected to the collector of Q3, and a base coupled to a power supply ground terminal GND through a capacitor C1. Transistor Q2 has an emitter connected to node N1, a collector connected to the collector of Q4, and a base connected to a terminal 16 which couples the drive circuit 10 to a crystal 18. The crystal oscillator signal XTAL is produced at terminal 16. The emitters of current mirror transistors Q3 and Q4 are connected to GND, and their bases are commonly connected to the collector of Q3. The current source 12 is connected between node N1 and a positive power supply terminal +Vs.
The drive circuit 10 also includes a current-to-voltage converter output stage comprising NPN transistor Q10, resistor R8 and current source 14. Transistor Q10 has an emitter connected to GND, a base connected to the collector of Q4 and a collector connected to a terminal 20 for providing an output voltage VOUT. Resistor R8 is connected between the base and collector of Q10, while current source 14 is connected between the positive power supply terminal +Vs and terminal 20 so as to bias transistor Q10 with bias current Il.
A feedback resistor R5 is connected between the XTAL terminal 16 and the output terminal 20. Another resistor R6 is connected between the base of Q1 and the output terminal 20.
The operation of the crystal oscillator drive circuit 10 will now be described with reference to FIG. 1. The crystal 18, which is connected between the XTAL terminal 16 and GND, can be modeled as a very high Q parallel resonator. Current source 12 provides a bias ("tail") current IT to the differential pair of transistors Q1 and Q2 which commutate the tail current between Q1 and Q2 in response to the oscillations of the crystal 18, thereby generating a differential current at the collectors of Q1 and Q2. The current mirror formed by Q3 and Q4 convert the differential current into a single-ended difference current IDIFF which flows through resistor R8. The maximum voltage swing in VOUT that can be obtained from the circuit is ±IT R8. Thus, the maximum voltage swing is determined by the bias arrangements of the gm cell and output stage. Since the output voltage swing is limited by the tail current, so to is the drive to the crystal, and therefore, errors due to crystal overdrive are eliminated.
Resistor R6 forms a type of negative feedback path, while R5 forms a positive feedback path. They do not provide true positive and negative feedback in the traditional sense because the resistors couple the output to both inputs of the differential amplifier formed by Q1 and Q2. Thus, there is no differential signal generated at the inputs of the differential amplifier as a result of variations in the output voltage VOUT. Resistor R6 establishes the common mode voltage at the input to the differential amplifier, and the feedback path through R5 excites the crystal. The capacitor C1 blocks AC feedback from the output, so there is a net positive regeneration around the loop that includes R5.
If resistor R8 were replaced with a capacitor, the gm cell, current mirror, and output stage would function in a manner similar to a classic operational amplifier, and an external feed back path (outer control loop) would then be required to control the oscillator amplitude. However, by placing the resistor R8 in the inner control loop, the present invention provides a simple, and accurate control circuit without the delays associated with operational amplifiers (which behave as integrators). The voltage swing at the output can be well controlled by the choice of tail current for the gm cell and the value of R8.
In a practical implementation, a tuning circuit (typically including a varactor diode and resistive matrix for interfacing to an automatic frequency control signal) would also be coupled to the crystal. Such a tuning circuit is disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/032,436, filed Feb. 27, 1998 entitled "Cubic-Type Temperature Function Generator With Adjustable Parameters", which is herein incorporated by reference.
To adjust the center voltage of the output voltage VOUT, an additional current can be forced into R8. One way to accomplish this is to connect a current source between the base of Q10 and GND. Another technique is to force an additional current into the collector of Q3. Alternatively, the relative emitter areas of Q3 and Q4 can be adjusted to provide a net offset current into R8.
A second embodiment of a crystal oscillator drive circuit constructed in accordance with the present invention is shown generally at 22 in FIG. 2. Component values for a practical implementation are also shown. The drive circuit 22 includes all of the same components of the circuit of FIG. 1 except for the exceptions noted below, and the same reference designators are used to refer to the components corresponding to those shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 2, current source 12 of FIG. 1 is implemented as a resistor R1. The current source 14 of FIG. 1 is replaced by a PNP transistor Q9 which has an emitter connected to the positive power supply terminal +Vs and a collector connected to the output terminal 20. A further difference is that a resistor R2 is connected between the emitter of Q3 and GND.
The circuit of FIG. 2 is fully complementary version of the circuit of FIG. 1, and as such, it also includes a second gm cell comprised of NPN transistors Q5 and Q6 and a current source implemented as resistor R4. It also includes a second current mirror comprised of PNP transistors Q7 and Q8. Transistor Q5 has an emitter connected to a node N2, a collector connected to the collector of Q7, and a base coupled to the base of Q1. Transistor Q6 has an emitter connected to node N2, a collector connected to the collector of Q8, and a base connected to the base of Q2. The emitter of current mirror transistor Q7 is coupled to +Vs through a resistor R3, and the emitter of transistor Q8 is connected to +Vs. The bases of Q7 and Q8 are commonly connected to the collector of Q7. The resistor R4 is connected between node N2 and GND.
The drive circuit 22 also includes a second output stage comprising PNP transistor Q9 and resistor R7. Transistor Q9 has an emitter connected to +Vs, a base connected to the collector of Q8, and a collector connected to terminal 20. Resistor R7 is connected between the base and collector of Q9.
Some of the aspects of the operation of the circuit of FIG. 2 are the same as those of FIG. 1. For example, resistors R5 and R6 in FIG. 2 form the same feedback arrangement as the corresponding components of FIG. 1. Likewise, capacitor C1 performs the same function of blocking the AC feedback from the output. However, there are numerous differences in the operation of the second embodiment of the crystal oscillator drive circuit 22 will now be described with reference to FIG. 2.
One aspect of the operation of the drive circuit 22 is that it is self-biasing from the power supply. The complementary symmetry of the circuit causes the bases of Q1 and Q2 to settle at the mid-point of the supply. Thus, the common emitters of Q1 and Q2 at node N1 settle at about 700 mV above the mid-point of the supply. This in turn, establishes a bias current in R1. The bias current through Q5 and Q6 is likewise determined by the value of R4, since node N2 settles at about 700 mV below the mid-point of the supply. The biasing of the output stage is determined by the current path that starts at +Vs, runs through the emitter of Q9, through R7 and R8, and through Q10 to GND. The center voltage of the output signal VOUT is also one-half of the supply voltage.
Another aspect of the fully complementary design of the circuit of FIG. 2 is that the output stage can provide rail-to-rail operation if large voltage swings are required.
A further aspect of the fully complementary design is that the symmetry of the circuit reduces the amount of base current flowing through feedback resistors R5 and R6. This is important because resistors R5 and R6 load the crystal, and one of the objectives of the invention is to minimize the crystal loading so as to maximize its Q. Therefore, the impedances of R5 and R6 need to be kept as high as possible. The circuit of FIG. 2 reduces the current through resistor R5 because, to a first order approximation, the base current of Q2 is cancelled by the base current of Q6 since they are opposite polarity devices. Thus, only a very small base current flows in R5, and its resistance can be kept relatively high. Likewise, the base currents of Q1 and Q5 cancel to first approximation, so the current through R6 is reduced. Thus, the symmetric structure of the circuit of FIG. 2 automatically provides a high degree of balance.
To further minimize the base currents, and thus, the loading of the crystal, the bias currents (tail currents) in R1 and R4 must be kept relatively low. However, the amplitude of the oscillation appearing at the output is determined by the tail currents available in the two gm cells Q1-Q2 and Q5-Q6 which are then transferred through current mirrors Q3-Q4 and Q7-Q8 into what can be viewed as load resistors R7 and R8. The output voltage swing appearing across R7 and R8 is whatever peak current is available from the mirrors multiplied by the value of the resistors. If the mirrors were 1:1 current mirrors, then the current being replicated would be limited to the tail current. Therefore, if the tail current is kept low to reduce the base currents in the gm cells, very large resistor values would be required to provide an adequate output voltage swing. However, it is desireable to run transistors Q9 and Q10 at fairly high collector currents, so their base currents are substantial, and smaller resistance values are needed.
To solve this problem, resistors R2 and R3 unbalance the current mirrors in such a way that the peak output from the mirrors is much higher than the input current. If the circuit of FIG. 2 is operated from a 3-volt supply, the tail currents in R1 and R4 are approximately 25 microamps, which is low enough to keep the base currents in the gm cells relatively low. However, the non-linear unbalance in the current mirrors produces about 220 microamps of current through Q4 and Q8 which is enough to allow R7 and R8 to be made relatively small while still providing adequate output voltage swing. In the example of FIG. 2, the output swing is about ±600 mV (1 volt peak-to-peak), and the drive to the oscillator is about ±100 mV, which is low enough to provide good accuracy.
The final amplitude is very well controlled by the selection of resistor values which determine the tail currents through the gm cells, the gain of the current mirrors, and the voltage swing across R7 and R8. Thus, the circuit of FIG. 2 provides a compact, well-balanced circuit that provides excellent amplitude control, and large output voltage swing without overdriving the crystal. The high current gain of the current mirrors allows the use of small output resistors while still maintaining low tail currents, low base currents, and light crystal loading. The symmetry of the circuit further reduces base currents and crystal loading and provides an output signal that is inherently centered at the mid-point of the supply voltage.
When the circuit of FIG. 2 is used to drive a crystal, a resistor is typically connected across the crystal to set up the attenuation ratio between the output signal VOUT, which can have about ±600 mV of swing and the actual voltage across the crystal, which preferably is about ±100 mV to avoid overdriving the crystal. This parallel resistor does not actually shunt the crystal, but rather, the active feedback nature of the drive circuit causes the resistance to be cancelled by the positive feedback.
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention in a preferred embodiment thereof, it should be apparent that the invention can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. We claim all modifications and variations coming within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5770980 *||Dec 23, 1996||Jun 23, 1998||Motorola, Inc.||Fast starting oscillator|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US6362605||Aug 24, 2000||Mar 26, 2002||Sigmatel, Inc.||Method and apparatus for providing power to an integrated circuit|
|US6628175 *||Mar 27, 2002||Sep 30, 2003||Pericom Semiconductor Corp.||Voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO) using MOS varactors coupled to an adjustable frequency-tuning voltage|
|US6696899||Jun 6, 2002||Feb 24, 2004||Csem, Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa Recherche Et Development||Differential oscillator circuit including an electro-mechanical resonator|
|US6956443||Sep 24, 2003||Oct 18, 2005||Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De||Differential oscillator circuit including an electro-mechanical resonator|
|US7005934 *||Dec 3, 2003||Feb 28, 2006||Toyo Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.||Crystal oscillator with temperature compensated through a vibrator current control circuit|
|US7062229||Mar 6, 2002||Jun 13, 2006||Qualcomm Incorporated||Discrete amplitude calibration of oscillators in frequency synthesizers|
|US7123113 *||Jun 11, 2004||Oct 17, 2006||Cypress Semiconductor Corp.||Regulated, symmetrical crystal oscillator circuit and method|
|US7339441 *||Mar 20, 2006||Mar 4, 2008||Micrel, Incorporated||Circuit and method for quickly turning off MOS device|
|US7528672 *||Sep 28, 2004||May 5, 2009||Infineon Technologies Ag||Oscillator arrangement having increased EMI robustness|
|US7557666 *||Mar 1, 2007||Jul 7, 2009||Oki Semiconductor Co., Ltd.||Oscillation circuit|
|US7570925||May 18, 2006||Aug 4, 2009||Qualcomm Incorporated||Discrete amplitude calibration of oscillators in frequency synthesizers|
|US7659707||May 14, 2008||Feb 9, 2010||Hittite Microwave Corporation||RF detector with crest factor measurement|
|US7814795||Apr 23, 2008||Oct 19, 2010||Tatung Company||Dual mode measurement system with quartz crystal microbalance|
|US7859355||Mar 22, 2006||Dec 28, 2010||Cypress Semiconductor Corporation||Regulated capacitive loading and gain control of a crystal oscillator during startup and steady state operation|
|US7902933||Mar 28, 2007||Mar 8, 2011||Cypress Semiconductor Corporation||Oscillator circuit|
|US7944196||Dec 22, 2009||May 17, 2011||Hittite Microwave Corporation||RF detector with crest factor measurement|
|US8035455||Sep 29, 2006||Oct 11, 2011||Cypress Semiconductor Corporation||Oscillator amplitude control network|
|US8648588||May 17, 2011||Feb 11, 2014||Hittite Microwave Corporation||RF detector with crest factor measurement|
|US8922287||Jan 30, 2013||Dec 30, 2014||Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.||Amplitude loop control for oscillators|
|US20030171106 *||Mar 6, 2002||Sep 11, 2003||Dunworth Jeremy D.||Discrete amplitude calibration of oscillators in frequency synthesizers|
|US20040108911 *||Dec 3, 2003||Jun 10, 2004||Toyo Communication Equipment Co., Ltd.||Temperature compensated crystal oscillator|
|US20040130404 *||Sep 24, 2003||Jul 8, 2004||Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De||Differential oscillator circuit including an electro-mechanical resonator|
|US20060055480 *||Sep 28, 2004||Mar 16, 2006||Franz Darrer||Oscillator arrangement having increased EMI robustness|
|US20070030085 *||Mar 22, 2006||Feb 8, 2007||Cypress Semiconductor Corp.||Regulated Capacitive Loading and Gain Control of a Crystal Oscillator During Startup and Steady State Operation|
|US20070049212 *||May 18, 2006||Mar 1, 2007||Dunworth Jeremy D||Discrete amplitude calibration of oscillators in frequency synthesizers|
|US20070216384 *||Mar 20, 2006||Sep 20, 2007||Micrel, Incorporated||Circuit and method for quickly turning off MOS device|
|US20070268082 *||Mar 1, 2007||Nov 22, 2007||Kenichirou Sugio||Oscillation circuit|
|US20080258795 *||Apr 18, 2008||Oct 23, 2008||Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh||Low power oscillator|
|US20080297256 *||May 14, 2008||Dec 4, 2008||Yalcin Alper Eken||RF detector with crest factor measurement|
|US20090165560 *||Apr 23, 2008||Jul 2, 2009||Tatung Company||Dual mode measurement system with quartz crystal microbalance|
|US20100097143 *||Dec 22, 2009||Apr 22, 2010||Hittite Microwave Corporation||Rf detector with crest factor measurement|
|EP1265352A1 *||Jun 7, 2001||Dec 11, 2002||CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique S.A.||Differential oscillator circuit comprising an electromechanical resonator|
|U.S. Classification||331/116.00R, 331/74, 331/160, 331/108.00A, 331/183, 331/109, 331/175|
|Jun 30, 1998||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ANALOG DEVICES, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GILBERT, BARRIE;REEL/FRAME:009301/0151
Effective date: 19980501
|Dec 3, 2002||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Jun 3, 2003||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 26, 2003||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 30, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 7, 2011||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


A recent Smart Cities Intelligent Communities Forum held at the Nexus Business Hub, North Wyong, examined how the Central Coast could become one of the most successful regions in the country for future industries, new transport solutions, new employment and healthy lifestyles.
Key note speaker at the forum was Mr Paul Budde, an international expert on smart cities and telecommunications. Mr Budde has advised over 20 cities and regions worldwide on how to leverage their strengths to deliver prosperity for their citizens. He appealed to the many prospective council candidates that attended to get up to speed and champion a smart region agenda for the Central Coast. “Cities and regions need smart leaders if they want to enjoy the wealth and wellbeing that the new era is creating,” Mr Budde said. “It’s no longer good enough to look to Federal and State Governments for the answers, they are too removed,” he said. “Local regions need to lead this movement, they need to ‘Get Smart’.” Gosford-based CC Start It Inc organised the forum. CC Start It President, Mr David Abrahams, said he stressed the importance of the smart cities movement on the night. “Great futures await regions and cities that aspire to embrace the future,” Mr Abrahams said.
“I am very impressed that so many professional people, prospective local councillors and key council staff attended the event,” he said. “It’s time that the region stood up and asserted itself and a new council could do this in a smart way.” Mr Abrahams said that it was essential for the new Council to, as soon as possible, commission a Smart cities strategy to match those of Lake Macquarie, Newcastle and the Greater Sydney Commission. “Lake Macquarie, Newcastle and the Greater Sydney Commission have all come a long way down the track and there is State and Federal funding allocated already in response to their strategies,” Mr Abrahams said. He said there was a danger that the Central Coast could miss out on opportunities to be part of the Sydney-to-Newcastle Smart Cities Axis if the new Council did not act swiftly to develop a strategy. “The previous councils didn’t take it seriously,” he said. Central Coast Start It Inc is the region’s new innovation industry association and the forum was supported by Central Coast Council.
Source: Media release, Aug 22 Interview, Aug 23 David Abrahams, Central Coast Start It Jackie Pearson, journalist


HANOI/SYDNEY, Feb 19: Vietnam protested to China on Friday at a "serious violation" of its sovereignty over Beijing's apparent deployment of an advanced missile system on a disputed South China Sea island, while Australia and New Zealand urged Chinese restraint.
Tensions between China and its neighbours over maritime territory have risen since Taiwan and US officials said Beijing had placed surface-to-air missiles on Woody Island, part of the Paracel archipelago it controls.
Earlier, Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull had urged claimants to refrain from island-building and militarization in the South China Sea. The Philippines said it was "gravely concerned" about the reports of missiles being deployed on Woody Island. ?REUTERS


text:
7 Active Listing(s)
1308 HORNBY ST Downtown VW, Vancouver West
From the developer: Salt provides you the opportunity to be one of the first in this emerging neighbourhood of Downtown South where panoramic views extend from False Creek sunrises to the famed English Bay sunsets. Enjoy the vibrancy of downtown living with easy access to Yaletown, Granville Island, English Bay or fashionable Robson Street. Salt gives you a new spin on your commute with its location right on the new Hornby bicycle corridor wher ...
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domain: geography


text:
Stones, Bones, And Skin
- Going Back to Vermont
- Nowhere to Be Found
- Raising People
- Sunshine Waves
- Waiting on Heaven (To Make a Move) [Remix]
Produced by the Grammy Award-winning David Bianco (Bob Dylan, U2, Johnny Cash) and Stuart Sikes (The White Stripes, Loretta Lynn), Stones, Bones, and Skin offers a hypnotic and harmonious hybrid of Americana, pop, rock, folk and world music over the course of five sparkling tracks.
“Zwig has put together an EP that has stirring musical arrangements, harmony in the vocals, and lyrical content that tells a story about life.”
-The Celebrity Cafe
Live at the Wiltern Theatre
JOIN THE COMMUNITY!
Meditate and Process with Me
Private Archives Behind-the-Scenes Concert footage
Discount on Dr. Zwig’s forthcoming book, Your Problem is Your Teacher
Monthly contests to win $50 Amex card and a Dr. Zwig CD or vinyl
No spam, ever. Emails are never shared. All elements © Dr. Zwig 2022
No spam, ever. Emails are never shared.
All elements © Dr. Zwig 2022

domain: artistic


text:
Rites of Execution: Capital Punishment and the Transformation of America Culture, 1776-1865
Buy new or used from an indie through our partner Biblio:
Between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, Western societies abandoned public executions in favor of private punishments, primarily confinement in penitentiaries and private executions. The transition, guided by a reconceptualization of the causes of crime, the nature of authority, and the purposes of punishment, embodied the triumph of new sensibilities and the reconstitution of cultural values throughout the Western world. This study examines the conflict over capital punishment in the United States and the way it transformed American culture between the Revolution and the Civil War. Relating the gradual shift in rituals of punishment and attitudes toward discipline to the emergence of a middle class culture that valued internal restraints and private punishments, Masur traces the changing configuration of American criminal justice. He examines the design of execution day in the Revolutionary era as a spectacle of civil and religious order, the origins of organized
opposition to the death penalty and the invention of the penitentiary, the creation of private executions, reform organizations' commitment to social activism, and the competing visions of humanity and society lodged at the core of the debate over capital punishment. A fascinating and thoughtful look at a topic that remains of burning interest today, Rites of Execution will attract a wide range of scholarly and general readers.
Oxford University Press, USA
May 30, 1991
5.36 X 8.32 X 0.65 inches | 0.62 pounds
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About the Author
Louis P. Masur is the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor in American Institutions and Values at Trinity College in Hartford, CT. He is the author of many books including 1831: Year of Eclipse; Autumn Glory: Baseball's First World Series; The Soiling of Old Glory: The Story of a Photograph that Shocked America; and Runaway Dream: Born to Run and Bruce Springsteen's American Vision. His most recent book, The Civil War: A Concise History, will be published in 2012.

domain: library


text:
The stone mill flour preserves the original flavor of the wheat. All kinds of pasta made with the milling flour mill are flexible, rich in wheat fragrance and higher in nutritional value. It is a healthy and healthy food of natural green. From wheat input to flour milling machinery to flour production, the flour processing industry's production process can be roughly divided into four steps:
The first step is to clean up the impurities. Wheat into the high efficiency combination grain screen, using a plane rotary screen to remove the soil in wheat, the use of magnetic separator to remove metal impurities, the use of gravity classifier to remove stone and inferior wheat.
Second step cleaning and drying. The wheat is added into the wheat washing machine, and water is injected and dried to further clean the impurities.
The third step is to moisten the wheat. The wheat will be washed again into the wheat machine warehouse, moistening for about 10 hours (wetting 1%).
Fourth steps to make powder. The cleaned wheat was put into the grinding machine, and after repeated grinding, the wheat bran and flour were separated.
The low speed grinding characteristics of the mill flour machine also maintain the molecular structure of the flour without any additives. When the noodles are boiled, the color of the noodle soup of the flour is pale yellow, and the other flour noodle soup with additives is white. Long term consumption is beneficial to the human body.
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If you have any questions, please contact with us directly. Welcome you can visit our Factory.For inquiry,Please send mail directly to us.

domain: agronomy


text:
George Coleman CONNOLLY [Parents] "Doctor" was born 1761 in Lancaster. He died 1838 in Kanawha Co., VA and was buried in Wright Cemetery, Calhoun Co., VA. Doctor married Sallie MORRIS.
Another Revolutionary War ancestor is George Connolly who was born May 20, 1761. On August 11, 1834 George Connolly, aged 72 years, applied for his pension saying that he enlisted for 3 years in April 1779 in Fredericksburg, Virginia, under Capt. Lovely. He stayed in Fredericksburg, with the other soldiers who had enlisted, for about 2 weeks. He then marched to Richmond, Virginia and joined the 4th Regiment commanded by Colonel William Davis. He stayed a few days and then marched to the coalmines in Henrico County, Virginia where he stayed four months.
He said that when the British came into Richmond, the troops were marched into battle. When they got to Richmond, the British had gone down the River to their ships. The troops pursued them by land down the river, but did not overtake them. They were then marched back to Richmond and stayed a few days. Afterwards, they were marched to Chesterfield Court House where they wintered for six months.
From Chesterfield Court House the troops were marched to Petersburg where they stayed four months. In April 1781, the Enemy appeared across the creek and began firing upon the American Army which had found access along the street and on the opposite side of the creek. After firing 23 rounds, George was wounded both in his arm and his leg. The American Army retreated, leaving George Connolly and about 19 others prisoners. They were taken aboard a British ship, where the ball in George’s leg was extracted by one of their surgeons. The prisoners were then sent on to New York and put in the hospital there. Upon his getting well, he said he was imprisoned with about 300 other Americans He said he was in the hospital and prison in New York for seven months until Clinton evacuated the town. This was subsequent to Cornwallis' defeat at Yorktown in October 1781.
When the prisoners were set free, he went home to Richmond County Virginia where he where he lived for 8 years. He then moved to Harrison County where he stayed 16 years; to Lewis County where he stayed 2 years; and then to Kanawha County VA where he had lived for 9 years at the time he applied for his pension. He is referred to as Dr. George Connolly, but it is not certain if he was a physician. He signed his name to his pension application, and it appears he was could read and write.
Around 1825, he was one of the first settlers on the West Fork of the Little Kanawha River which flows in a north by west direction through the Washington District of Calhoun County, West Virginia. He settled just below the mouth of Sier's Run, at Minnora, and in 1833 he owned 140 acres on the West Fork. In 1835 Dr. George Connolly taught the first school in the Washington District. The schoolhouse was a small cabin, typical of all early pioneer schoolhouses and was located on the right fork of the West Fork. He died May 10, 1838.
Notes for George Coleman "Doctor" Connolly:
Revolutionary War Pension Application:
George Connolly VA 27888
Northumberland County, VA was a private under the command of Col. Davis in VA for 2 years. $80 per year beginning on 3/4/1831.
In "The West Virginia Heritage Encylopedia", we read that Dr. George Conley was one of the first settlers in Washington District, Calhoun County, (now) West Virginia. He moved to the area soon after Peter McCune, Jr., who built the first cabin in 1815. The first school in Washington District was taught by Dr. George Conley in the year 1835. The house was a small cabin, erected according to the style of architecture employed in building all the early pioneer school houses. It was located on the right fork of the West Fork.
From Reflections of a Lifetime by Daniel S Dewees page 13
Dr. George Connolly , who moved to the West fork, settling just below the mouth of Sier's Run, at Minnora about the year of 1825, and his son Patrick Connolly whose wife was Mary Stallman, commonly called Pop who for a half a century was a noted woman in the West Fork country, a woman of a strong mind, and a great financier.The daughter of Dr. George Connolly that I knew were first the one who married Elijah Hall Sr. before narrated, next Sabria who married Abraham Helmack, who lived at what is known as the Capt. A. Knotts place, now owned by Harvey Proudfoot's wife. Abraham Helmack was a man in his day that was a great sport, and kept things lively, he lived to be an old man leaving a large family.
John Connoly a son of the old Dr. George, married a daughter of Anthony Parsons. John lived where what is now known as the Wm. Knotts homestead on the Left hand fork of West Fork, he was accused of being implacated in the Jonathan Nicholas murder and disappeared, his family following him to Missouri. Ailsey, another daughter of Dr. Connolly married Thomas Jarvis Sr. who settled on what is now known as the Lem Witt farm and owned all the country from the mouth of Sier;s run up the creek to the mouth of Walnut and up both the White Oaks and was a very business man of his day, his sons were Willam, Alfred, Weeden, Josiah, Thomas P, Caleb and Wesley and three daughters that I knew of,one married James Goldsmith, another one Benjamin Parson's ,a grand-son of Joesph Parsons, another of Dr. Geo. Connolly's daughter Mary, married Solomon Jarvis, a brother of Thomas Jarvis Sr. and Thomas Connolly was Dr. George Connolly's youngest son, learned the blacksmith's trade under Elijah Flesher and afterwards married his daughter and put up a blacksmith shop on the south side of the river from Glenville, the County set of Gilmer county,. Thomas Connolly's wife died and his second wife was Mariah Bush a daughter of Jacob Bush who lived on Leading creek.Jacobs Bush's wife's name was Hannah Fisher, from about Weston, Lewis County.
A daughter born in 1802 is said to have married Anthony Parsons.
From Roane County History 1989: Sallie Connally was dgtr of Gen. George Cole and Sally Morris Connolly. (Submitted by Peggy Flesher Stricklin)
Sallie MORRIS [Parents] was born 1769 in Lancaster Co., VA. She died 1838 in Kanawha Co., VA. Sallie married George Coleman CONNOLLY.
They had the following children:
M i William Morris CONNOLLY was born 1792. F ii Elizabeth B. CONNOLLY was born 1793. F iii Mary Edison CONNOLLY was born 1794. F iv Sarah Morris CONNOLLY was born 1798 and died 1889. F v Fair Sabra CONNOLLY was born 1800 and died 1866. M vi Patrick CONNOLLY was born 1802 and died 1868. F vii Ailsey Bently CONNOLLY was born 1803 and died 1875. M viii John N. B. CONNOLLY was born 1803 and died 1852. M ix George C. CONNOLLY was born 1804 and died 1878. M x Thomas Coleman CONNOLLY was born 1811 and died 1892.
Henry BOOHER was born 1769.
He had the following children:
F i Margaret BOOHER was born 1802 and died 1860.
Eli CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1826 in Lewis Co., VA. He died 1897 in Smithville, Roane Co., WV and was buried in Ayers Cemetery. Eli married Malinda GREATHOUSE on 1853.
Malinda GREATHOUSE [Parents] was born 1831. She died 1909 and was buried in Ayers Cemetery, Smithville, Roane Co., WV. Malinda married Eli CONNOLLY on 1853.
Notes for Malinda Greathouse:
In 1860 census, a Malinda Connolly age 29 and Sarah Jane Connolly age 14 were shown in household with John Sr and Sarah Greathouse
Malinda and her sister Matilda married Connolly brothers
Alexander BENNETT was born 1824. He married Julia Ann CONNOLLY on 1851.
Notes for ALEXANDER BENNETT:
1860 Calhoun Co. Property Value 2,500 and Personal value 289.
Julia Ann CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1829. She died 1906. Julia married Alexander BENNETT on 1851.
Uriah CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1831 in Lewis Co., VA. He died 1912 in Roane Co., WV. Uriah married Isabelle GREATHOUSE on 1853.
Roane Co. W. Va. age 28. Personal value 50. Isabele 25, Thomas R 5, Sanford 4, Matilda D. 2, Margaret L. 1\12.
Isabelle GREATHOUSE was born 1834. She died 1911. Isabelle married Uriah CONNOLLY on 1853.
Thomas R. CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1833 in Lewis Co., VA. He died 1875. Thomas married Margaret Amelia BADGETT on 1855 in Gilmer Co., VA.
Notes for THOMAS R. CONNOLLY:
1860 Census Calhoun age 26. Personal value 60. Margaret A 26, Nancy M.
4, George P. 2, and Manora 4\12. #948
Source: Calhoun County Census, 1860
Population schedules of the Eighth Census of the United States, 1860, Roll 1340.
Transcribed by Linda Cunningham Fluharty from National Archives Microcopy No. M653. Online at: http://www.rootsweb.com/~wvcalhou/60cen.htm
Margaret Amelia BADGETT married Thomas R. CONNOLLY on 1855 in Gilmer Co., VA.
Daniel NULL was born 1825. He married Sarah M. CONNOLLY on 1853.
Sarah M. CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1836 in Lewis Co., VA. She married Daniel NULL on 1853.
Thomas B. HOPKINS married Amelia CONNOLLY on 1856 in Calhoun Co., VA.
Amelia CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1838 in Lewis Co., VA. She married Thomas B. HOPKINS on 1856 in Calhoun Co., VA.
George Coleman CONNOLLY [Parents] was born 1840 in Lewis Co., VA. He died 1921 in Calhoun Co., WV. George married Sarah Jane NULL on 1861 in Calhoun Co., VA.
Other marriages:NICHOLAS, Bathsheba
George married Bathsheba Nicholas February 11, 1871 daughter of JOHN NICHOLS and MAUDE NUTTER.
Sarah Jane NULL [Parents] was born 1844. She married George Coleman CONNOLLY on 1861 in Calhoun Co., VA.
Daniel NULL married JEFFERS.
JEFFERS married Daniel NULL.
They had the following children:
F i Sarah Jane NULL was born 1844.
Surname List | Name Index


Hailing from New Jersey, Gianna Richelle Salvato is known as Gigi Rich, is a soulful jazzy pop singer/songwriter. Gigi first became enthralled with music at a young age when listening to Alicia Keys’ very first album. This inspired her to pursue a passion for playing the piano, writing music, and bringing it to life through song. Gigi’s musical influences range from James Brown and Fleetwood Mac to Amy Winehouse and the aforementioned Alicia Keys. She uses her personal experiences to draw inspiration from in her lyrical writing, which comes across as authentic and beautiful poetry. After releasing four singles in 2019 she is currently completing her follow up EP.
It is no surprise that her most recent single "Guilty Pleasure" was featured in the film The Wedding Year. Gigi’s powerful and soulful voice is a force to be reckoned with. Her raw and natural talent is beyond apparent when listening to her music. Coupled with lyrics that are poetic in nature, Gigi Rich is by far a star in the making. Her other singles, "Silver Lining", "Don’t Give Up On Me", and "One Night" showcase her remarkable gift in an awe-inspiring way. Big things are in store for Gigi Rich as she continues to create music and inspire the masses with her impressive sound.
Check out Gigi Rich’s music here!
Welcome back to BuzzMusic Gigi! Your music is so beautiful and you have such an incredible voice! What is your creative process like for making music?
Thank you SO much! That is so sweet of you to say. My creative ideas can come to me in many different ways. There is no definitive pattern in the way that I write. Sometimes it can be melody, other times it’s lyric, and even a chord progression that strikes me - and then I go to work from there. In terms of concepts though, all of that comes from whatever is going on in my life at any particular time. It is definitely my way of working through life stuff.
How did your song ‘Guilty Pleasure’ end up in the movie The Wedding Year?
A producer I was working with had a friend who knew someone filming that movie that mentioned they were looking for music (LOL, lots of people involved). He offered to send them some of my music, which was so awesome of him because he did NOT have to do that - and they ended up picking one of the songs!
We love that you use your personal experiences in songwriting, ‘Don’t Give Up On Me’ is an especially heartfelt and personal song – what message were you hoping listeners would get from it?
I actually wrote that song for the person I was with at the time. That relationship brought out a lot of insecurities within me that I had to deal with - and that’s kind of what it’s about. That yes, maybe at this moment I might feel insecure and realize I am sensitive, emotional and a little all over the place at times, but I will love you like no one else could ever love you. I hope listeners take away that being vulnerable is a strength and not a weakness - and that being honest about your emotions takes a lot of courage, even if it’s with someone you love and trust. That idea transcends just romantic relationships and flows into all other aspects of life.
Your sound has been likened to artists like Alicia Keys and Amy Winehouse, how influential were these artists music in your releases of 2019?
They will always be influences of mine. Both artists hold special places in my heart because their music makes me feel so many emotions – and even now am always learning something new from their songs. I also feel like I’m allowing myself to experiment with other types of music I’ve always really gravitated to. I love classic rock and bands like Queen, Fleetwood Mac and Heart. Soul will always be at the root of all of my music, but I definitely switched it up a bit this year! My releases lean more on the pop/rock side of things, which I love.
Can we expect a tour accompanying the release of your upcoming EP?
I definitely want to set up a tour! I’m still in the studio right now, but I would absolutely love to do an east coast/west coast tour - or just perform anywhere for that matter. Playing the new stuff I’ve been writing will be amazing.
What’s next for you in the coming new year?
I’m really excited for the new year - 2019 was a year of tremendous change for me and is reflected in my new music. I want to release this EP, play shows and connect with people – and just keep working hard, staying focused and putting out into the music world that I’d love to write more for other artists as well.


ALFA ROMEO Giulietta Quadrifoglio Verde
Generations Timeline, Specs and Pictures
The four-cloves badge expressed the sportiest version of any Alfa Romeo model, and the Italian carmaker installed it on the Giulietta and transformed it into a pure-breed hot-hatch.
In 1923, Alfa Romeo prepared four cars for the most famous race from those times, the Targa Florio. The carmker gave them to four special drivers: Antonio Ascari, Giulio Masetti, Ugo Sivocci, and Enzo Ferrari (yes, THAT Enzo Ferrari). Inspired by the lucky four-cloves sign, they painted the badge on their race cars. Those were the most powerful Alfa Romeo vehicles available. Since then, the Italian brand used the same symbol only on the top versions of a model, like on the 2011 Alfa Romeo Giulietta.
Designed to compete in the hot-hatch segment, the Giulietta was not only as beautiful as a compact hatchback might be but also aggressively styled by Lorenzo Ramaciotti from the Centro Stile Alfa Romeo. The car was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor show and featured pearl-like LEDs for the DRL system included in the headlights. For the most potent version of the Giulietta, the carmaker offered unique 17” or 18” light-alloy wheels. In the rear, a roof spoiler and two exhausts placed on the splitter’s outer side provided a clue about car’s performances.
While the exterior wasn’t that flashy, the interior was a different story. Its sport bucket-seats at the front featured a big Alfa-Romeo logo embroidered on the seatbacks, while the integrated headrests featured race-care-inspired aluminum cutouts. In the middle of the instrument panel, the carmaker placed an additional four-cloves badge.
Under the hood, the 1.7-liter turbocharged engine produced 240 hp and sent them to the front axle via a 6-speed automatic (dual-clutch) transmission fitted as standard. Alfa Romeo upgraded the gearbox with a launch-control function that led to better starting times than the previously used manual gearbox.


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Nigeria:Kaduna school to play key part in world’s biggest grassroots online education conference
|-Kaduna school in World Education Week showcase|
Kaduna school to play key part in world’s biggest grassroots online education conference
The LGEA Kurmin Mashi school in Kaduna is to play a vital role in what is billed as the ‘world’s biggest education conference’.
The school, noted for its promotion of the science of teaching and learning, is to be part of a showcase of 100 schools which will gather online to share expertise and best practices in the inaugural World Education Week, from 5-9th October, in support of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education (SDG 4)
The hundred schools have been hand-picked for their expertise across a range of educational themes, such as enhancing employability and life-skills; deepening family and community engagement; the use of technology; a focus on wellbeing; and promoting the science of learning and teaching. Each will share their wisdom to an online audience expected to reach 100,000 worldwide. The ambition driving World Education Week is to accelerate progress to achieve UN SDG 4, a commitment designed to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all.
Centred on the theme of ‘Learning Today’, each school will host a virtual event to demonstrate how to bring change, based on their own experiences. The LGEA Kurmin Mashi school will talk about its built powerful and easy relationships among learners, parents and teachers, through the creation of a platform where students are utilized as student group leaders and are accountable for peer performance and learning outcomes.
School principal, Ashia Sani, said:
“The entire community of LGEA Primary School, Kurmin Mashi Kaduna are excited to be included in this unique Global Showcase of 100 schools. The World Education Week will provide a great platform for schools around the world to collaborate and create solutions for and from the grassroots. We are proud to be in the forefront of promoting the science of teaching and learning especially in large-sized classrooms. We look forward to sharing our expertise at the event.”
The ground-breaking event is led by Vikas Pota, a globally-respected leader and driving force in the education, international development, philanthropy and technology sectors. In launching the event, Mr Pota said:
“I congratulate the LGEA Primary School for being selected to take part in our Global Showcase for World Education Week. By sharing the ways in which this school has developed its particular expertise, we hope others will feel inspired to undertake the same journey to excellence.”
“I am incredibly inspired by the schools that applied to take part in this year’s World Education Week. Their commitment to improving the life chances of their learners by nurturing expertise and wanting to share their experience with others, especially in these challenging times, says a lot about the education community. They are our heroes and World Education Week provides us all an opportunity not just to learn from them, but to celebrate their successes, too.”
The conference has won the backing of Andreas Schleicher, the Director for Education at the OECD, who said:
“What’s exciting about World Education Week is the idea of schools around the world sharing their expertise with their peers. After a turbulent period in global education, this is a great way of building back better.”
The project was also welcomed by Jaime Saavedra, the Global Director for Education at the World Bank:
“The sheer scale of educators around the globe combining to share expertise, excellence and wisdom in accelerating learning is hugely impressive. If all educators learn from the best educators of their countries and of the world we would make immense progress in ensuring inclusive, equitable and quality education for all.”
World Education Week is an effort by thirty civil society organisations coming together after the record breaking T4 conference on 30th May that was attended by over 100,000 teachers.
The event will be hosted from the World Education Week website, with registration opening from September 1st.

domain: news


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- Meet lineups for April 24th-30th
- Thank you for your patience as the coaching staff placed 150 athletes into three different competition this week.
Mon: MVHS @ 3 P.M.
Tue: MVHS @ 3 p.m.
Wed: MVHS @ 3 p.m.
League Frosh/Soph Championship
Thur: MVHS Practice @ 3 p.m.
Fri: MVHS @ 3 p.m.
Liberty Bell Invitational
Sat: Stutler Bowl Invitational
MVHS @ 8 a.m. (Distance Runners Not
Racing at Stutler)
Sun: Run on your own or call a teammate
Cont. League Frosh/Soph Championships
When: Wednesday, April 26th starting at 2 p.m.
Where: Echo Park Stadium
Entries: 4 entries per event plus 1 relay
Out-of-Class: Students competing will be dismissed from class at 12:00 p.m.
Transportation: Athletes are responsible for their own rides to and from the meet.
Timing: This will be an electronically timed meet. Results will be posted in Milesplit at the conclusion of the competition.
- 2023 Continental League Frosh/Soph Meet Info and Time Schedule
- Results Page: Continental League Frosh/Soph Championship
Liberty Bell Invitational
When: Friday/Saturday April 28th-29th
Where: Littleton High School
Entries: 3 per event plus 1 relay
Out-of-Class: 2 p.m. on Friday
Transportation: Please provide your own transportation to and from the meet.
- Updated Time Schedule (Friday is a rolling schedule-start times are estimated)
- Meet Website: Liberty Bell Invitational
- Start List and Live Results
Stutler Bowl Twilight
When: Saturday, April 29th
Where: Cherry Creek HS (Stutler Bowl)
Entries: 3 entries per event. Additional entries allowed for athletes that have met entry requirements (see meet information for details).
Arrival Time: Please arrive 90 minutes before your first event.
State 5A Rankings
In-order to qualify for state, athletes/relays must be in the top 18 in their event by the end of the regular season (May 13th). Here are the current 5A Rankings for 2023.
- Boys 5A Rankings: 2023
- Girls 5A Rankings: 2023
- Rankings can also be found on Colorado Milesplit. However, these rankings are not official.
- Payment Link: https://vistagoldeneagles.sportngin.com/register/form/187327841
- Why: There are currently 150 athletes out for track and field this spring. As a result, we have hired 8 coaches. DCSD provides six coaching stipends for the spring track & field season. This is two fewer stipends than we currently have. To ensure all of our athletes have proper coaching we are asking every family on the team to make a small donation to the Track & Field Booster Club.
- Program Fee Recommendations:
- $50 recommended donation to help compensate our assistant coaches for the 2023 spring season.
- $150 recommended for athletes that are consistently seeing Coach Boele for massage therapy on Tuesdays.
- Other Amount: Any amount to help support the program is greatly appreciated if you are unable to afford the recommended donation amounts. Likewise, if you would like to donate more your support is always valued.
- Fundraising Goal for 2023: $7000 will cover the cost of the two assistant coaching stipends that DCSD does not cover for the track and field program this season.

domain: sports


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Today is Wednesday, May 18, the 139th day of 2016. There are 227 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
On May 18, 1926, evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson vanished while visiting a beach in Venice, California. (McPherson reappeared more than a month later, saying she'd escaped after being kidnapped and held for ransom, an account that was received with skepticism.)
On this date:
In 1642, the Canadian city of Montreal was founded by French colonists.
In 1765, about one-fourth of Montreal was destroyed by a fire.
In 1896, the Supreme Court, in Plessy v. Ferguson, endorsed "separate but equal" racial segregation, a concept renounced 58 years later in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
In 1910,Halley's Comet passed by earth, brushing it with its tail.
In 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a measure creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.
In 1934, Congress approved, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed, the so-called "Lindbergh Act," providing for the death penalty in cases of interstate kidnapping.
In 1944, during World War II, Allied forces finally occupied Monte Cassino in Italy after a four-month struggle with Axis troops.
In 1953,Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman to break the sound barrier as she piloted a Canadair F-86 Sabre jet over Rogers Dry Lake, California.
In 1969, astronauts Eugene A. Cernan, Thomas P. Stafford and John W. Young blasted off aboard Apollo 10 on a mission to orbit the moon.
In 1973, Harvard law professor Archibald Cox was appointed Watergate special prosecutor by U.S. Attorney General Elliot Richardson.
In 1980, the Mount St. Helens volcano in Washington state exploded, leaving 57 people dead or missing.
In 1991, Helen Sharman became the first Briton to rocket into space as she flew aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft with two cosmonauts on an eight-day mission to the Mir space station.
Ten years ago:Visiting one of the busiest crossing sectors between the U.S. and Mexico, President George W. Bush said in Yuma, Arizona, that it made sense to put up fencing along parts of the border but not to block off the entire 2,000-mile length to keep immigrants from entering the U.S. illegally. Prisoners with makeshift weapons battled guards trying to save a detainee pretending to commit suicide at the U.S. prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in what military officials said was a coordinated attack that left six prisoners injured.
Five years ago: Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, resigned, saying he wanted to devote all his energy to battling the sexual assault charges he faced in New York. (The charges were later dropped.) The United States slapped sanctions on Syrian President Bashar Assad and six others for human rights abuses over their brutal crackdown on anti-government protests, for the first time personally penalizing the Syrian leader for the actions of his security forces.
One year ago: President Barack Obama ended long-running federal transfers of some combat-style gear to local law enforcement in an attempt to ease tensions between police and minority communities, saying equipment made for the battlefield should not be a tool of American criminal justice. An 11-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco said a three-member panel of the same court should not have forced YouTube to take down an anti-Muslim film that sparked violence in the Middle East and death threats to actors.


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Luxoft New Offices
Luxoft are one of the worlds leading provider of high-end software development services.
They were looking to expand and relocate their UK London office to 44 Featherstone Street and we joined forces with Prestige Interiors in Shepperton to put together a proposal.
We surveyed the new space and put together a design and costing proposal which we presented back to the client.
Not long after we were selected to undertake the works and put together a scope of works for delivering the project. One of the unusual aspects of this project was the great use of cabled support technology using powered USB’s on each desk top, HDMI for the boardroom. We liaised closely with Luxoft Management/ IT and their interior designer, in Eastern Europe, to achieve a layout they could be justifiably proud of.
As well as acting in the principle designer capacity under CDM we also installed all of the desking, bespoke reception soft seating, operator chairs, storage, meeting/conference and cable management.
Plans & Drawings

domain: design


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Continuing Offense Statute Limitations In Arkansas
When did the statute of limitations begin to run on the offense of theft of public benefits?
Prosecution for a Class B, C, or D felony must be commenced within three years after its commission. Ark. Code Ann. 5-1-109(b)(2) (Repl. 1997).
"A prosecution is commenced when an arrest warrant or other process is issued based on an indictment, information, or other charging instrument, provided that such warrant or process is sought to be executed without unreasonable delay." Ark. Code Ann. 5-1-109(f) (Repl. 1997).
The question before us then is:
when does the statute of limitations begin to run on the crime of theft by receiving committed by retaining possession of stolen property ?
The information filed specified that the offense was charged as a class C felony and the value of the property was stated as in excess of $ 100, so the prosecution must have been commenced within three years after the commission of the offense. Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-104(2)(b) (Repl. 1977).
For the purposes of 41-104, an offense is committed either when every element of the offense occurs, or, if a legislative purpose to prohibit a continuing course of conduct plainly appears, at the time the course of conduct or the defendant's complicity therein is terminated. Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-104(5) (Repl. 1977).
By the very use of the word "retains," there was a clear intention of the General Assembly to make this aspect of the crime a continuing offense.
The word "retain" means "to hold or continue to hold in possession or use; to continue to have, use, recognize, accept, etc.; to maintain in one's keeping; as to retain part of the money, one's position, one's faculties." Webster's New International Dictionary, 2d Ed.
See also, Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Thus, retaining the automobile was a continuing course of conduct. There is nothing in the definition of "receiving" in Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-2206(2) that leads to a contrary conclusion. Here again, the commentary to 41-104 makes the legislative intention quite clear by the following:
Crucial to the application of a criminal statute of limitations is the determination of when the offense is committed and when the prosecution is commenced. Subsections (5) and (6) answer these questions.
The substance of subsection (5) is that the limitations period begins to run when the defendant could first be prosecuted for the offense.
The subsection also states a special rule applicable to statutes prohibiting a continuing course of conduct. for example, if possession of an object is declared illegal, the elements of the offense are present from the moment defendant takes possession, but the limitations period does not begin to run until his possession ends.
We treated the subject of continuing offenses in Britt v. State, 261 Ark. 488, 549 S.W.2d 84.
The offense here is clearly a continuing one under the definition used there. the definition we adopted was that a continuing offense is "....a continuous, unlawful act or series of acts set on foot by a single impulse and operated by an unintermittent force, however long a time it may occupy; an offense which continues day by day; a breach of the criminal law, not terminated by a single act or fact, but subsisting for a definite period and intended to cover or apply to successive similar obligations or occurrences." Retaining stolen property, as defined by the statute, fits that definition.
Moreover, in Britt v. State, 261 Ark. 488, 549 S.W.2d 84 (1977), the supreme court listed several examples of continuous offenses: carrying a concealed weapon; continuous keeping of a gaming or a disorderly house; desertion and neglect to provide for family; embezzlement; engaging in business without a license; maintaining a nuisance; offenses relating to intoxicating liquors; violating a Sunday law; and obtaining a license from a state medical board by false or fraudulent representations.
With respect to the last example, the court quoted with approval from Eclectic State Medical Board v. Beatty, 203 Ark. 294, 156 S.W.2d 246 (1941): "Every time such person undertakes to practice under his license he keeps up and continues the fraud initiated when he obtained by false representations his pretended authority to practice."
Theft of public benefits is defined in Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-36-202 (Repl. 1997):
(a) a person commits theft of public benefits if he obtains or retains public benefits from the Department of Human Services or any other state agency administering the distribution of such benefits:
(1) by means of any false statement, misrepresentation, or impersonation;
(2) Through failure to disclose a material fact used in making a determination as to such person's qualifications to receive public benefits; or
(3) Receives, retains, or disposes of public benefits knowing or having reason to know that such public benefits were obtained in violation of this subchapter.
(b) Presentation of false or fictitious information or failure to disclose a material fact in the process of obtaining or retaining public benefits shall be prima facie evidence of intent to commit theft of public benefits.


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One TikToker is changing the game with a hack to help your lettuce keep regrowing all season long.
A TikToker named Sneji (@themodernnonna), who goes by The Modern Nonna, posts a number of food videos — featuring delicious-looking recipes and easy hacks for your garden. And one of her recent videos for growing lettuce has been earning lots of attention.
@themodernnonna Lettuce Tip — Don’t ever pull it from the root #gardening #garden #gardeninghacks ♬ original sound – THEMODERNNONNA
“This is the only lettuce hack and tip you need this summer,” she says in the clip.
The TikToker illustrates using a knife to cut the lettuce approximately an inch or two above where it hits the soil as opposed to pulling the whole thing out, including the roots.
If you harvest your lettuce this way, it will begin to grow back in just a week or so — meaning you’ll have fresh lettuce all season.
Commenters had a variety of tips to add. One suggested that instead of cutting the lettuce, you can pick the leaves from the outside in, which allows the plant to continue regrowing in the center. Another mentioned that using a plastic lettuce knife will ensure the lettuce left on the freshly trimmed plant won’t turn brown.
“In a week or two it will continue to grow new leaves … and it’s just as good,” the TikToker adds in her clip.
How it’s helping
This hack ensures that you’ll have fresh lettuce within arm’s reach all season long. Plus, produce prices were still rising as of this spring, so the more money that you can save by growing it yourself, the easier that next grocery trip will be on your wallet.
Plus, a decrease in the demand for grocery store produce with this hack is also good for the environment.
The agricultural industry makes up over a tenth of the world’s toxic, planet-warming gases, according to a report from the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions.
What everyone’s saying
Some commenters couldn’t believe what they were hearing.
“Why did I never think of this?” one asked.
Others offered up additional ideas.
“I do this with green onions,” one wrote, while another said, “I just did this with romaine I bought it from the store — just cut it a couple inches from the bottom and put it in a dish with a little water it regrows in the house.”
Join our free newsletter for easy tips to save more, waste less, and help yourself while helping the planet.

domain: food


Rim - WM Type - 2.5x16 - Aluminum - 48 Spoke - XS650 Heritage Special
- Rim - WM Type - 2.5x16 - Aluminum - 48 Spoke - XS650 Heritage Special
- This Item is not eligible for free shipping. Adding this item to CART makes the order ineligible for free shipping
Inventory Blowout Sale!
WM type Alloy Rear Rim - Dimpled, drilled & Polished rim.
2.50" x 16 x 48 hole Rear Rim ( Stock size ).
Fits: 1982-83 "Heritage Special" and Special II 48 spoke Rear Hubs. See spokes 19-0066 to go with.
OEM reference # 94427-16300-00 given for replacement reference only, the materials and specifications are different, this is not an OEM rim. This Special pattern Rim has been made by Mikes XS to replace the unavailable stock 48 spoke steel Daido/Yamaha Rim.
Note: This rim is a little wider than the original size (2.15" wide)
Is Universal Part: No
- 94427-16300-00 (for-reference-only)
- 1982 Yamaha XS650 XS650J
- 1983 Yamaha XS650 XS650K


OLYMPIA -- Both House and Senate Ways and Means committees have hearings today with long lists of bills on the agenda.
Among the bills in the Senate is the latest iteration of a medical marijuana law, introduced late Tuesday and scheduled for a 10:30 a.m. hearing today. The fast-tracking of the bill prompted legislative watchdog Jason Mercier to wonder "Dude, where's my public process?" this morning.
SB 5955 avoids things most objectionable to federal prosecutors and Gov. Chris Gregoire, like state oversight of growing and dispensing medical marijuana and concentrates on other aspects like a voluntary registry. The Cannabis Defense Coalition, which represents the existing medical marijuana operations, calls it hastily drafted and devastating. Not clear yet whether it has the necessary OK from leadership of both parties in both houses to get a floor vote in this "all budgets, all the time" special session.
House Ways and Means has a longer agenda, with hearings on a couple of business tax changes, including one that blends rates for print and online advertising in newspapers, and a vote on a bill that would eliminate the Higher Education Coordinating Board.
In the afternoon, Gregoire is set to sign a series of health care related bills designed to get the state in position for federal health care reform.


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Read this article in German.
Twenty years ago this weekend, 50,000 people converged on Seattle to protest the World Trade Organization, which was holding a ministerial-level meeting in the city, and a plan championed by the world’s largest corporations to increase the organisation’s authority over even more facets of people’s lives.
The epic protests, televised worldwide, revealed that Americans were united with millions of people protesting the organisation in other countries, who demanded new rules for the global economy to make it benefit more people.
Those protests, and subsequent protests and activism around the world, bolstered developing-country negotiators who derailed the WTO’s plans for expansion. But the WTO’s underlying principles still shape the global economy. And the stubborn refusal to alter that model of globalisation has fostered a global backlash against ‘trade’ and, in recent years, brought the organisation to near collapse.
The dirty little secret is that the World Trade Organization is not mainly about trade. Rather the organisation has the primary task of carrying out what the Harvard economist Dani Rodrik calls hyperglobalisation — the worldwide imposition of one-size-fits-all rules, favored by global financial markets, which constrain democratic governments’ ability to address their societies’ needs.
‘Illegal trade barriers’
The WTO asserts expansive power to set binding rules over a wide range of non-trade issues; countries are required to ‘ensure the conformity of its laws, regulations and administrative procedures’ with WTO rules — and, in turn, corporate financial interests. This includes limits on energy policy, financial regulation and food and product safety, as well as new monopoly protections for pharmaceutical firms to charge consumers more.
If countries do not comply, they are subject to millions of dollars in trade penalties. Of the 242 completed WTO cases, in only 22 did the domestic policies, many unrelated to trade, survive challenged.
Thus, the country-of-origin labels on meat that we relied on in American grocery stores were eliminated after the WTO classified them as ‘illegal trade barriers’ and authorised USD 1bn in sanctions. The United States was also forced to weaken regulations under the Clean Air Act, dolphin protection laws and Endangered Species Act rules.
Since the WTO’s formation in 1995, its proponents have oversold it with grandiose promises of dazzling economic gains.
Given the role played by the United States in pushing the WTO, there is a certain irony that more than a third of challenges decided by the organisation have targeted American policies — which have been found to violate WTO rules 90 per cent of the time. Developing countries have fared yet worse, losing 95 percent of 87 challenges.
The United States has filed 49 challenges against other countries, with rulings against Indian policies promoting access to seeds for poor farmers and European limits on genetically modified foods and a ban on artificial growth hormones in meat. The United States has used threats to pressure Thailand, Brazil and South Africa to reverse policies on access to AIDS medication and other lifesaving drugs.
The WTO and climate change
Recently the WTO has facilitated a circular firing squad over climate-change efforts. The European Union and Japan challenged Canadian incentives on renewable energy. The United States won a case against a solar-power program in India. Then India attacked renewable energy programs in several American states. Then China filed a case in 2018 against additional American renewable energy measures.
But the WTO’s overreach could prove to be its undoing. Its ability to decide such cases will effectively end on 11 December, when its appellate review board will no longer have a quorum.
After a series of WTO decisions in which tribunals cooked up new standards — never agreed to by member nations — related to anti-dumping and subsidy issues, the Obama administration initiated a protest. Last year, the Trump administration doubled down, blocking the appointment of new appellate adjudicators.
The Seattle protesters who raised concerns about giving too much power to the WTO were dismissed as anti-trade. But it was WTO proponents, those who branded the organisation and similar deals as ‘trade agreements,’ who have given trade a bad name.
Corporate interests dominate
Since the WTO’s formation in 1995, its proponents have oversold it with grandiose promises of dazzling economic gains. President Bill Clinton said the organization would deliver the average American family USD 1,700 a year of additional income. It would facilitate open market access that would, in turn, reduce our trade deficit, create new high-paying jobs and bring new riches to farm country.
But the organisation’s rules were not designed for those outcomes, which never materialised.
Of course, the WTO isn’t dead yet; the question is, will it see the looming crisis and undertake the reforms necessary to save itself?
Instead, trade negotiations have been dominated by corporate interests, while labour, consumer, and environmental groups are largely shut out. It’s no shock, then, that the WTO has no labour or environmental requirements to raise wages or limit pollution, or that it sets ceilings but no floors on consumer safety standards. Nor are there rules disciplining monopolistic mega-corporations that now distort global markets or combating currency manipulations that create unfair trade advantages.
No doubt some American workers are bitterly angry and moved by Donald Trump’s trade rhetoric after having repeatedly been promised great gains from ‘trade’ agreements. During the WTO era, developed countries have lost millions of high-paying manufacturing jobs, especially after China joined in 2001. Income inequality between rich and poor countries, and within countries, has increased greatly.
A different global trade vision
Of course, the WTO isn’t dead yet; the question is, will it see the looming crisis and undertake the reforms necessary to save itself? Unlikely: Its current priority is to set new limits on regulations regarding e-commerce and data privacy at a time when most people are clamoring for some check on the industry.
This is especially perverse, given that the original global trade body, the 1948 International Trade Organization, provides a ready foundation for creating better global trade rules. With a focus on full employment and fair competition coming out of the horrors of World War II, the ITO included labour standards, anti-monopoly provisions and currency-cheating rules to ensure the benefits of trade accrued to more people. But the Senate blocked American participation in the organisation, effectively killing it.
That very different vision for a rules-based global trading system remains attainable, once we agree that the system is supposed to work for people around the world, not the world’s largest corporations. Twenty years after Seattle, we still have work to do.
(c) New York Times


Brandon Rios, Victor Ortiz fighting Saturday — just not against each other
There is little Brandon Rios and Victor Ortiz have in common.
Rios and Ortiz are rival welterweight contenders, and while there is a camaraderie between the fighters, both have made it clear they do not care for each other.
Boxing fans have yearned for them to fight and settle the rivalry once and for all, but do not hold your breath.
The next-best thing may be to have Saturday night.
The Ventura County residents will fight in separate bouts about 1,200 miles apart.
Rios will face Danny Garcia in a 12-round elimination bout at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas. At the Don Haskins Convention Center in El Paso, Texas, Ortiz will face Devon Alexander in a 12-round bout.
The Rios-Garcia bout will headline a Showtime telecast at 7 p.m., while the Ortiz-Alexander clash airs on Fox Sports 1 at 5 p.m.
Rios (34-3-1, 25 knockouts) returned from a more than a year-and-a-half "retirement" on June 11, 2017, knocking out Aaron Herrera in the seventh round at the Pioneer Event Center in Lancaster. The victory helped Rios earn a No. 9 ranking by the World Boxing Council. Garcia (33-1, 19 KOs), who resides in Philadelphia and has not fought since March 4, 2017, is ranked second by the WBC.
“I’ve been training really hard and I’m focused and dedicate to the boxing game,” said Rios, who resides in Oxnard. “I want to get back to the top and I know what it takes to get there.
“I’ve been through wars after wars in my previous fights, and it takes a toll on your body. I realized I had to step back and I wasn’t doing it right with dieting and training. Now I feel rejuvenated and fresh. Everyone will see on Saturday night the new and improved ‘Bam Bam.’ ”
Ortiz (32-6-2, 25 KOs), who won the WBC welterweight title in 2011, also has a lot riding on his fight. He will face a mirror image in Alexander, a fellow southpaw who is a boxer-puncher.
The 2005 Pacifica High School graduate was victorious in his last bout on July 30, 2017, knocking out Saul Corral in the fourth round at the Rabobank Theatre in Bakersfield. It was his first fight in 15 months, when he was stopped by Andre Berto in the fourth round.
Alexander (27-4, 14 KOs), who also held a world title belt at 147 pounds, fought for the first time in more than two years on Nov. 21, 2017, winning a one-sided, 10-round decision over Walter Castillo.
“Every fight shows a lot,” said Ortiz. “Every time I step into the ring, it’s a new challenge. I haven’t had shortcuts throughout my career. I’ve never treated a fight like an easy one.
“Devon Alexander is a very fast boxer who was a champion for a reason. We’ve prepared for him in each and every way possible. We’ve worked hard to be in the best condition possible. I won’t step out of the ring without a victory.”
‘Mean Machine’ returns
Unbeaten welterweight Egidijus Kavaliauskas returns to action Friday night, when he squares off against David Avanesyan in a 10-round bout at the Grand Theatre inside the Grand Sierra Resort and Casino in Reno, Nevada.
The bout will precede the vacant 12-round WBO world title bout between lightweight Ray Beltran (34-7-1 1 NC, 21 KOs) and Paulus Moses (40-3, 25 KOs) of Namibia.
Kavaliauskas (18-0, 15 KOs), who is originally from Lithuania and lives and trains in Oxnard, stopped Mahrony Montes in the seventh round on Sept. 22, 2017.
He is managed by Thousand Oaks resident Egis Klimas.
Avanesyan (23-2-1, 11 KOs) won an eight-round decision over Serge Ambomo on Dec. 9, 2017, in Bilston, England.
Francisco A. Salazar covers boxing for The Star. Salazar also covers boxing for RingTV.com, Boxingscene.com, and FightNights.com. He can be reached on Twitter at FSalazarBoxing.


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I would like to share this very easy and delicious recipe. Honestly, when I first came here in Italy I thought that I would never be able to prepare a so delicate dish even if I’ve always believed the saying which says ” If others can, you can!” so on this rainy sunday, I decided to prepare this dish for lunch. Judging from what was left of the Spinach Quiche….oh! The good thing about this recipe is that I was able to utilize some leftover Filipino rice and leftover spinach !
1 PACK OF READY TO USE PUFF PASTRY
200 GRAMS COOKED AND DRAINED SPINACH(OR LEFTOVER COOKED SPINACH!)
1- 2 CUPS OF COOKED RICE( OR LEFTOVER RICE)
100 GRAMS GRATED CHEESE
125 GRAMS OF RICOTTA CHEESE
1 TEASPOON FINE SALT
1 – 2 TABLESPOONS OF OLIVE OIL
MIX ABOVE INGREDIENTS EXCEPT THE PUFF PASTRY AND OLIVE OIL AND 30 GRAMS OF GRATED CHEESE
ROLL OUT PUFF PASTRY AND PUT IT IN A BAKING TIN + SPREAD ON TOP THE FILLING + OIL + SPRINKLE WITH GRATED CHEESE
PREHEAT OVEN AT 180°C/10 MINS.
BAKE PIE FOR 30 MINUTES OR UNTIL PIE HAS ACQUIRED A GOLDEN BROWN COLOR.
*IF DESIRED, YOU CAN ALSO USE A HEARTSHAPE BAKING TIN.


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After eating a ton of meat and drinking my share of wine at Tabasco Wine Bar, the following morning I opted for a lighter meal. Popular with locals in downtown Rayong, is a small vegetarian shop doing a daily $1 buffet, noodles, sweets, and selling all sorts of healthy food products.
The place, which doesn’t appear to have any real name, is most popular in the morning for people claiming meatless breakfast. There’s tons of selection and I’ve found from trying a few things is the flavors range pretty widely from bland and uninteresting to ‘wake you up’ spicy. Be on the look out for the vegetarian renditions of your favorite Thai food and normally meaty Thai dishes. One such option is the noodle stand which features a few different types of popular soups, such as the egg noodles and wonton soup (my choice), and even duck noodles. The prices are more expensive than the buffet ranging from 40-60 baht per bowl.
Turns out the noodles are really tasty. I thought I wouldn’t be able to eat the noodles without throwing in additional chili flakes, but I enjoyed the savory sesame flavoring the noodle broth had. The fake meat in the bowl, a variety of textures, was also surprising tasty and I’d say the bowl definitely rivaled the other vegetarian noodles I’ve tried in Bangkok. Once you’ve chomped down some healthy stuff, you can feast on the sticky coconut dessert (ขนมปลากริมไข่เต่า). The noodles are mixed in a coconut syrup and the while ones are salty, while the brown, palm sugar tasting noodles are sweet. They mix together for a sweet and salty combo, available only from a vender who stops his cart in front of the shop to sell to the many customers going in and out.
The buffet is a dollar and you’ll need to clear your own table. There’s also a place where you can donate if you think your meal was superior or you just appreciate what the restaurant is trying to do. Check this place out while you’re in Rayong, especially if you need a meal to make penance for all the seafood you ate while staying here.
Vegetarian Buffet Restaurant ร้านอาหารมังสวิรัติ
Directions: This restaurant is located in Rayong about 100 meters into Sukhumvit Nakornrayong 46, if you enter from the main road called Sukhumvit. People know it because it’s near the Siam Commercial Bank which can be seen from the main road. I’d suggest going early and grabbing things while they’re still hot and available.
Editor’s Note: Since there’s so little good information on quality restaurants in Rayong, I’ve started a small list of Rayong’s top restaurants and bars.


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- This class has passed.
Holistic Nutrition for Musculoskeletal Conditions
|Sep 22, 2020
|8:30am – 11am
Musculoskeletal conditions may be linked to nutritional deficiencies. Help yourself and your client. Treat the root of the problem.
Have you ever wondered why some of your clients do not respond as quickly as others to manual therapies? Inflammation, pain, trigger points, fascial restrictions, arthritis, chronic fatigue and pain syndromes, muscle cramps, and poor healing of soft tissue injuries can be attributed to nutritional deficiencies. A Standard American Diet (SAD diet), decreasing the nutritional value in our food, drug-nutrient depletions, and stress and lifestyle all affect the body’s ability to absorb and use the nutrients available to us.
In this course you will learn:
1. Nutritional factors that impair healing.
2. Drug-nutrient depletions with common anti-inflammatories and pain relievers.
3. Specific dietary and supplement protocols to support musculoskeletal pathologies including inflammation, pain, arthritis, myofascial pain syndromes, soft tissue injuries, and muscle cramps.
4. How to prolong optimal health through Holistic Nutrition.
Upon Online Class Completion:
You will receive an email, including an electronic version of your proof of attendance. Upon registration, make sure you enter your information correctly to ensure this happens. We collect your email address, first name and last name (please provide the name you wish to have on your proof of attendance).
All Health care practitioners and general public welcome!
This course contains information that is proprietary. None of the material contained within this course may be used without the explicit consent of Seminars for Health. Including paraphrasing or altered versions. All Seminars for Health content is protected by Canadian copyright laws. Seminars for Health reserves the right to pursue legal action towards any illegal distributions or presentations of any of the items listed above.
I recently had the opportunity to attend the in-person course on Oncology Massage offered by Seminars for Health (SFH), taught by the incredible instructor, Janet Penny. I must say, it was an exceptional experience that exceeded my expectations.
From the moment I walked into the course, I could feel the passion and expertise that Janet Penny brought to the table. Her extensive knowledge in the field of Oncology Massage was evident throughout the entire course. She presented the material in a clear, concise manner, making it easy for everyone to grasp even the most complex concepts.
What truly stood out was Janet’s ability to create a supportive and nurturing learning environment. She fostered an atmosphere where questions were encouraged, and each participant’s unique perspective was valued. Janet’s compassion and understanding towards individuals with oncology conditions were remarkable. She provided us with the necessary tools and techniques to adapt our massage practice to meet the specific needs of oncology patients, ensuring their comfort, safety, and well-being.
The course content itself was comprehensive and practical. We covered a wide range of topics, including the physiological and psychological aspects of cancer, side effects of treatments, contraindications, and appropriate massage techniques. Janet Penny skillfully guided us through hands-on demonstrations and practice sessions, allowing us to gain confidence and proficiency in providing oncology massage.
Additionally, the course materials provided by SFH were top-notch. They were well-organized, easy to follow, and served as valuable resources both during the course and for future reference. SFH’s commitment to providing quality educational materials was evident, and it greatly enhanced the learning experience.
I cannot stress enough how valuable this course has been for my practice. The knowledge and skills I gained from Janet Penny and SFH will undoubtedly have a significant impact on the way I approach and deliver massage therapy to oncology patients. I now feel equipped to make a positive difference in their lives and contribute to their overall well-being.
I wholeheartedly recommend the Oncology Massage course offered by Seminars for Health, specifically taught by Janet Penny, to any massage therapist seeking to specialize in this field. The course exceeded my expectations in every aspect, and I am grateful for the opportunity to have been a part of it. Thank you, Janet Penny, and Seminars for Health, for providing such an exceptional learning experience.

domain: medical


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Happy Year Coloring Pages Home Printable
Happy year coloring pages home printable. Years crafting chicks year printable coloring pages. Years coloring page kids free pages printable year. Download years coloring page free pages year printable. Years coloring pages printable year. Happy year coloring pages free printable kids. Happy year coloring page free printable pages kids. Free printable happy year coloring page kids activities pages.
Happy year coloring pages home printable – intentionally gathered and properly released at July 30, 2020, 2:26 am, This happy year coloring pages home printable above is one of the photograph in new year printable coloring pages together with other coloring photos.

domain: hobby


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Parrot Green Earrings
This fresh pair of green earrings is made of paper beads I lovingly handcrafted from exquisite eco friendly paper.
The dangles are made by meticulously rolling paper into perfect cone shaped beads. They are then given a coat of sealant to make it sweat and splash proof. The dangles hang from sterling silver ear wires.
My jewelry making process is incredibly time consuming and tedious, however, the final result always makes me smile. I hope it brings you the same joy 🙂
The beads measure 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) long. The earrings measure a little over 2 inches (5.3 cm) long including the ear wires.
SHOP THE COLLECTION
The earrings are part of my ‘Solid state’ collection, sharing the joy of colors. View the entire collection : http://bit.ly/2FNJ6yP.
The paper beads are protected using a sealant which allows the jewelry to be sweat and splash proof. However, they should not be immersed in water. Read detailed care instructions here.
All items will arrive in beautiful handcrafted gift boxes, ready for gift giving.
Fabulous customer service and a great set of earrings! Would happily buy from again!
My friend loved these! Said they were gorgeous in person and well made!
I asked Devi to create a longer custom pair of these news capsule earrings, and Devi was very helpful and communicative. She messaged me about my preferences, and quickly sent the earrings out. Thanks for the earrings, Devi!
Great, hard to believe it’s made of paper! It looks like wood. So cool!
Fabulous recycled earrings, nicely packaged. These are so versatile, I can wear them with anything. Thank you! I love them!
So innovative! I like the shape, color combinations, and creativity of using rolled colored paper. Thank you!