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Aggregate Likewise have and Aggregate Consult, while the Business Stage
The new aggregate supply aggregate demand design (AS-Post Design) is actually a well-known financial design, which is currently trained because a beginner’s economic design on potential in order to design macroeconomic coverage also to be the cause of team schedules off credit crunch and you may expansion. not, few are used to so it well-known monetary design. Economists explore aggregate request and you may aggregate to provide to help you assume number of goods and characteristics preformed, and also to predict mediocre rates level. Allowing economists generate predictions regarding the GDP and you will jobless research. The remainder of the article was dedicated to describing the aggregate also provide and you may aggregate consult model of macroeconomics attributes.
The new aggregate demand bend is a down-slanting bend that presents the connection involving the general price top P, graphed for the Y axis, as well as the level of domestically brought goods and services most of the Squamish hookup apps households, team organizations, governing bodies, and you may foreigners (web exports) are willing to purchase, graphed with the X axis and called Y. An easy request curve (a demand bend for example a good), shape down, as the people are more interested in to shop for large degrees of brand new equipment in the event that pricing is down. Although not, the latest aggregate consult contour mountains down to own an alternate cause. The fresh aggregate consult contour slopes down just like the a lower life expectancy rate level escalates the to get electricity of cash, once the a diminished price peak reduces the need for money and you can lowers the actual interest rate, revitalizing even more instructions, and since a lower speed level makes domestically brought products shorter high priced than simply overseas merchandise. These types of three consequences (the newest to find stamina impression, the pace feeling, as well as the international replacing perception), may be the reason that the fresh aggregate request bend hills downwards.
Aggregate Also have
This new aggregate also have curve are a bend appearing the relationship ranging from a country’s speed level additionally the amount of goods supplied by the suppliers. The newest Short-run Aggregate Have (SRAS) curve is an ascending-inclining contour, and you will stands for exactly how providers will respond to whatever they perceive due to the fact modifying consult criteria. The fresh new A lot of time-Work with Aggregate Also have (LRAS) contour are a vertical range you to definitely marks the utmost sensible and you may sustainable growth rate of your savings, and which shows the relationship involving the speed height and the amount of productivity once choice suppliers have the ability to the amount of time expected to regulate past duties, including enough time-label labor agreements and other much time-identity preparations.
Whenever graphed with her, the brand new aggregate request curve, the newest SRAS contour, therefore the LRAS bend make up new totality of Due to the fact-DS design, which is used so you’re able to design macroeconomic fashion. For each and every curve is move independently, centered on different changes observed is happening during the a cost savings, and also the design changes based on foreseeable regulations. Based on the changes of those curves, economists should be anticipate Y and P (GDP efficiency and you will standard price top, respectively). GDP try a valuable marker getting a nation’s economic efficiency. The general rate peak talks to a nation’s rate away from inflation or deflation, an invaluable rates to have economists to keep track of getting a selection away from explanations. The latest While the-DS model’s effects, but not, depend upon the shape of one’s contours on it; biggest discrepancies remain between neo-classicists and you can Keynesians, such, in regards to the form of new LRAS curve thin characteristics regarding providers cycles generally.
Utilizing the Just like the-DS Model
Economists making use of the Given that-DS design start with forecasting changes in one curve, right after which seeing as the remainder of the contours change consequently. The new aggregate demand contour changes in reaction to alterations in actual wealth (richer owners request alot more goods and services), alterations in real interest levels (low interest often stimulate financing and you can expenses), improvement in the fresh new hopes of providers and you will home concerning upcoming of one’s discount, improvement in the asked rate regarding rising prices (whenever rising cost of living is actually predict to increase down the road, there clearly was an incentive to blow more now), and/or changes in income overseas or rate of exchange (expands in the net exports so you can people from other countries increases aggregate demand). Short-focus on aggregate also have alter when financing cost transform (more expensive resources force the fresh new bend external, since it is more expensive to boost production), when change occur in the latest questioned speed from inflation (sellers who understand inflation to take the rise is quicker motivated to sell during the lower rates into the most recent several months), and since off also have unexpected situations (unexpected occurrences you to definitely briefly boost otherwise disappear aggregate also provide). Any of these changes can start the brand new model’s mode, and also the design usually production altered shape and additionally expected beliefs getting Y and you will P.
The fresh Given that-Advertising design aims equilibrium. Instance, why don’t we consider a position where aggregate consult grows, maybe due to a broad rise in riches throughout the society. The newest Advertisement bend would move off to AD2, up and to the right of one’s amazing contour. The cost top do increase from Y1 so you’re able to Y2, the place that the SRAS shape while the Post contours intersect. Because of this on the short-run, the commercial duration whenever some costs are fixed, agencies tend to develop even more in response so you can quite a lot raise, briefly increasing Y (or GDP) to another location worthy of. Unemployment, You, tend to slide, to a labour speed above regarding full participation. Rate level might temporarily go up. They are short run consequences. On the much time-work at, the fresh financing rates (including labor costs) can be lso are-negotiated, and you can organizations commonly quote right up these types of cost in order to rating information to respond to brand new understood increase in demand. While the money costs increase, the newest SRAS curve shifts as well as left, showing the increased will set you back to companies. Ultimately Y has returned for the original Y1, for the LRAS curve (representing the maximum sustainable GDP). Price top gets risen to an equilibrium top more than one another P1 and you may P2 so you can P3. The machine has started to become during the a lot of time-manage equilibrium, and you can economists can use brand new design so you’re able to expect that in case there were a genuine wide range raise, it could be regarding the a short-term upsurge in GDP and you can brief escalation in rate peak with a return to old GDP membership and you may a long-term upsurge in speed level.
Collin Fitzsimmons has been composing professionally since the 2007, specializing in finance while the stock F Bowling Locations, Inc. Fitzsimmons earned a beneficial bachelor’s studies within the economics throughout the College away from Virginia.


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June 13, 2022 7 min read
Pressing anything overhead requires strength and stability in your shoulders. The shoulder press is an exercise that can contribute to not only stronger shoulders, but an overall stronger upper body.
Sculpted biceps and pecs will only get you so far, but it’s the shoulders that can really help make the arms look bigger and provide stability for other lifts.
Knowing what muscles you’re working and why is crucial for an effective workout. Maybe you can press a weight up, but do you know why you’re doing it or what you’re getting out of it? Let’s talk about what muscles are worked by the shoulder press.
Although it’s called the shoulder press, more than just your shoulders are recruited to push the weight overhead. This compound exercise uses three different muscle groups that lifters of any fitness level should work to strengthen.
The largest muscles in your shoulder are the deltoid muscles. These are the muscles that can give the shoulders that rounded, capped look.
Building shoulder strength can help your upper body look strong and balanced.
Aside from aesthetics, the deltoids help to stabilize the shoulder joint and are responsible for arm abduction, flexion, and extension. Three heads make up this muscle: the anterior deltoid, lateral deltoid, and posterior deltoid, each of which have their own function. The anterior or front delts flex your arm, the lateral or side delts abduct your arm, and the posterior or rear delts perform arm extension.
Weak deltoids can result in poor posture, shoulder pain, and instability issues.
An exercise like the shoulder press can help ensure that the risk of these issues are reduced.
Located on the back of your upper arm are the tricep muscles. If building muscle in your arms is your goal, training the triceps should be a large part of your focus.
They are made up of three heads: the long head, lateral head, and medial head.
All three heads are primarily responsible for elbow extension, but the long head also plays a role in stabilizing the shoulder.
Exercises like the triceps pushdown and triceps extension help to isolate this muscle, but the shoulder press uses them especially during the final part of the movement.
Other pushing movements like the bench press or push ups also use the triceps to assist in the lockout phase.
One of the muscles in your back is the trapezius or the traps muscle. It runs from the base of your neck, across your shoulders, and down the middle of your back. The shape of the muscle resembles a trapezoid, which is where the name comes from.
Three parts make up this muscle: the upper, middle, and lower trapezius.
They help you move your head, twist your torso, shrug and pull your shoulder blades together. The trapezius also contributes to your posture, and when weakened or tight, it could cause upper crossed syndrome.
Commonly used in pulling exercises like the barbell row, the traps help to stabilize and move the shoulder, so it’s recruited during the shoulder press.
There are a few different muscles that make up your abdominal muscles, and they are located on the anterior and sides of your torso.
The rectus abdominis is better known as the six-pack muscles because they’re the main ones you can see on your abdomen. Along with this muscle is the deeper transverse abdominis, and the internal and external obliques. Altogether, these muscles help to support and move your trunk forward, backward, and side-to-side.
Although not a primary mover in the shoulder press, the core muscles work to stabilize the body during the movement.
Unlike the overhead press, the dumbbell shoulder press requires more stability from the core to help press the weight up and avoid excessive arching in the lower back.
Consistently strength training can come with several benefits, but knowing the benefits of the exercises you’re performing is important for successful results.
One of the primary muscles targeted in the shoulder press are the deltoid muscles, and they help contribute to a larger upper body.
Performing the shoulder press not only has the ability to build bigger shoulder muscles, but it can help build a bigger upper back and arms as well.
In bodybuilding where maximizing muscle mass is the goal, performing an exercise like the dumbbell shoulder press is essential for growth and balance. A higher volume of reps should be performed for hypertrophy, and a protein like Whey-Iso can really help you pack on the muscle.
Compound exercises can be beneficial because they are more time efficient and can help build strength.
The shoulder press can contribute to overall upper body strength because strengthening the muscles used during this movement can carry over to better lifts and heavier weights.
Although the movement pattern is not the same as the bench press, both pressing movements require strength and stability from your shoulders and triceps. The bench press is one of the main competition lifts in powerlifting, so powerlifters could benefit from the shoulder press.
Big shoulders mean nothing if there’s no stability to support them. The deltoids help to protect and stabilize your shoulder joint, so if they’re weak, it can put you at a higher risk for injury. Anytime you lift something like a heavy weight, a box, or a child overhead, your shoulder joint is at risk, and it becomes even higher as you age.
Shoulder strengthening exercises can help improve function, range of motion, and help reduce your injury risk.
Beginners especially may be lacking shoulder stability, so using lighter weights with the shoulder press is a great start to more stability.
Training both sides of your body equally can help fix muscle imbalances that may be present. Using dumbbells or kettlebells versus a barbell for the shoulder press is a great way to exercise both shoulders while helping improve stability.
The stabilizing joints and muscles of your body may need to work harder when training unilaterally, which can help further increase strength and stability.
Maybe the shoulder press isn’t for you, or you’re just looking for different shoulder exercises to include in your upper body day. Luckily, there are plenty of exercises that can work the same muscle groups and can provide similar benefits.
Often confused with the shoulder press, the overhead press is similar in the movement pattern, but it uses a barbell instead of dumbbells. A barbell can allow you to load heavier weight on, resulting in greater muscle activation.
How to do the Barbell Overhead Press:
Although the push press is considered an upper body exercise, it uses the lower body to create momentum to help push the weight overhead. The push press uses a powerful hip drive to be able to perform the shoulder press motion but with heavier weight. It can help improve strength and power, similar to that created by the squat jump.
How to do the Push Press:
The standing dumbbell shoulder press requires more work from the stabilizer muscles to keep you upright and help ensure proper form. However, performing the shoulder press seated eliminates the need for some of those stabilizers, allowing you to target the intended muscles, and can result in greater hypertrophy.
How to do the Seated Dumbbell Shoulder Press:
Your shoulder workout might be filled with free weights, and that can be great, but sometimes using a machine can help target the primary muscles more. The shoulder press machine provides more stability than free weights do and, like the seated dumbbell press, can eliminate the need for stabilizer muscles. This can help maximize hypertrophy and allow you to push heavier weight.
How to do the Shoulder Press Machine:
The shoulders are an important part of the body and can affect your posture, range of motion, and weightlifting performance. Performing the shoulder press can be a beneficial way to build strength, mass, and stability throughout your upper body while contributing to a sculpted aesthetic.
It can be a good move for beginners to implement into their routine since it’s not too complex and can be easily modified for more or less of a challenge. With any exercise, it’s always the most important to focus on form first before adding weight or extra challenges.
A knowledgeable personal trainer is a good idea if you’re unsure.

domain: sports


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Fabric Insurance at a glance
- Offers instant accidental death insurance online
- Buyers can upgrade accidental death policies to 20-year term life policies
- Term life application requires a medical exam
Launched in March 2017, Fabric sells accidental death insurance and term life insurance policies online to people ages 25 to 50. Accidental death policies are available in the District of Columbia and all states except Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Washington. Term life policies are available in the District of Columbia and all states except Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Virginia and Washington. The policies are issued by Vantis Life Insurance Co. In October 2017, the company began offering a free will writing tool on its website.
Financial Strength: A (“Excellent”)
The financial strength of Vantis Life Insurance Co., which issues Fabric policies, is excellent, according to ratings firm A.M. Best. Financial strength indicates an insurance company’s ability to pay claims.
Complaints: Better than the median
Compared to other companies with its market share, Vantis drew significantly fewer than the median number of complaints about life insurance to state regulators in 2016, according to the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
The association assigns a complaint ratio score to insurance companies, based on the number of complaints to state insurance commissioners, adjusted for market share. The median score is 1. A score less than 1 means fewer complaints. Vantis Life’s score for individual life insurance in 2016 was zero.
More about Fabric
Fabric Insurance has no agents and sells only online. It takes a different tack from most companies by offering accidental death insurance as a starter policy. Buyers then can upgrade to term life insurance after purchasing accidental death coverage.
The website makes everything look simple. But it’s important to understand understand the difference between the two types of coverage.
To purchase coverage on Fabric, users sign up first for Fabric Instant, an accidental death policy. Accidental death insurance pays out only if the insured person dies in an accident, not from any other cause, such as cancer. The buyer can keep the accidental death policy until age 60, or until purchasing Fabric’s term life policy.
The company says it starts buyers out with Fabric Instant because accidents pose the single greatest risk of death for people ages 25 to 44. However, accidents don’t cause more deaths than all other causes put together.
While many accidental death policies on the market include coverage for dismemberment, such as the loss of a limb or eyesight, Fabric’s accidental death policies do not.
Buying Fabric Instant takes only about a couple of minutes online. No health information is required, and acceptance is guaranteed.
Fabric’s term life insurance
Buyers of the accidental death coverage can apply to upgrade to “Fabric Premium,” a 20-year term life policy, immediately or years after buying the accidental death coverage. Up to $5 million in term life coverage is available.
Unlike the instant accidental death policy, a medical exam is required for the term life policy. Results are reviewed in about a week and the final price is set in about another week if all other health check requirements are met.
Upon converting to term life, the accidental death policy is canceled. The term life policy is convertible to whole life insurance.
You have to buy the accidental death coverage before upgrading to term life. But you can get an idea of Fabric’s term life pricing before making any payments.
A preliminary term life quote is available when selecting but before paying for an accidental death policy from Fabric. A final term life price is set after the application and medical exam results are reviewed.

domain: finance


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I got your email address from the Sucess Story page at IMPS. I wanted to share some pictures of my sweetie I originally fostered in January but ended up adopting. :)
Her name is Berlin. She is almost 5 and is the most beautiful rust color with dark markings as well.
She had been shot in the head and we got her all patched up and she's doing great!!! I'm sending some pictures of my other rescue Iggy as well. He's black and tan and almost 4 1/2. We rescued him from the shelter over 1 1/2 years ago. The 2 of them are getting along great.
-Tina in Colorado
Here is Iggy on the left and Berlin on the right.
Here I am with Berlin on the left, one of my cats Alfredo, and Iggy on the right.
Here is Berlin in all her beauty. I love her coloring!! And her furrowed brow!!
Here is Berlin's little brother Iggy and good old Alfredo the kitty.
Here is Berlin as queen of the couch mountain. As you can see, she is so happy with her new life!
IMPS Home Page - the Internet Miniature Pinscher Service.
If you have any queries, feel free to email me at firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: pet


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Seb Camilleri is an image and moving-image maker who lives and works in London having graduated with a Masters degree in Communication Design from Central Saint Martins earlier this year. His work displays combinations of differing artistic mediums and varying processes, in order to obtain a particular graphically inspired outcome.
Pictured is 26 Tavignano, a series of projections of graphic shapes and photographic elements derived from experiences of past houses and the promise of function of a new home.
- Danish illustrator Rune Fisker’s clean, windswept surrealism
- Filmmaker Alice Dunseath presents a meditative reflection on life
- Edinburgh graduate Jack Fletcher's beautiful woodcut illustrations
- There Is' ace new typographic projects for Wired and New York Times magazine
- Clase bcn's bright but elegant identity for a Barcelona concert hall
- Craig Gibson's photography is sincere and refreshing
- Yolanda Dominguez asks kids to describe what they see in fashion campaigns
- Street photography shot on an iPhone during fake phonecalls by Jay Giampietro
- Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic logos unveiled
- Illustrated campaign for Volkswagen uses parents lying to children as a metaphor
- Should creatives ever accept unpaid work? We ask some seasoned experts
- We get a sneak peek of TASCHEN's new book documenting 50 years of Pirelli

domain: artistic


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A judge has refused to grant a plea deal to a man accused of raping and murdering an Albuquerque woman.
A pedestrian was hit and killed Monday night and police believe the driver responsible was drunk.
Reading with your children just got a whole lot easier with new mobile technology.
Some of Albuquerque’s best local bands graced the stage during the 2016 Balloon Fiesta
Finding the perfect college for your needs might seem daunting. National American University is here to help with that.
Major New Mexico State University fans could bring some of the school’s history home with them as the university is auctioning off the old g…
United Healthcare is working to bridge the gap between underserved people in the Navajo Nation and vital healthcare needs.
The American Home Tip of the Day: Take a Tour
Four weeks before Election Day, Donald Trump battled on Tuesday to keep the Republican Party in line, leveling fresh criticism at GOP House …
Police in New Mexico say a woman was intoxicated when she fell while car surfing and died.

domain: news


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The third annual Automotive Interiors Expo wrapped up this week, with Interior Designer of the Year honours going to Gorden Wagener of Mercedes-Benz; runners up were Alexandre Malval of Citroen, Gilles Vidal of Peugeot and Antoine Genin of Renault. Wagener worked on the interior layouts for the new S-Class and C-Class, after having worked on the cabins for the A-Class, B-Class, E-Class and CLS.
The new C-Class cabin is driver-centric, with soft-touch surfaces and high-end multimedia systems for a combination the awards’ organizers called sporty and sensuous. An all-new centre console anchors the design, with a different design style distinguishing automatic and manual models. Organizers touted a seven-inch freestanding central display unit as the most eye-catching of elements.
Capturing gold for Interior Design of the Year – Concept Vehicle was the Jaguar C-X17, followed by the Renault Initiale Paris, Smart ForJoy, Lexus LF-NX and Toyota FT-1.
The Jag sports crossover concept was hailed for its “high-end interactive technology with premium, traditionally crafted materials, resulting in a spacious, airy, luxurious and highly sophisticated cabin.” The interior features seating for four in individual bucket seats. Also on board is a unique Interactive Surface Console that runs the length of the centre tunnel from the dash to the rear seats, comprised of a series of interconnecting touchscreens encased in transparent acrylic glass. It allows occupants to upload pictures, video and sound files from their mobiles and share them with other passengers, as well as on social media channels. Users can flick information forward and rearward between the front and rear passengers. Jaguar designer Ian Callum won Designer of the Year honours in 2013.
BMW’s i3 took top spot for production vehicles, for “heralding a new era in electric mobility” and marking the creation of a new sub-brand within the BMW Group. “The exterior of the i3 is distinctive to the point that it looks like no other BMW vehicle before it,” said organizers. “The same can also be said for the stylish, upmarket but highly functional interior. The i3’s LifeDrive architecture, including the CFRP passenger compartment, has served to open new freedoms when it comes to the interior styling of the vehicle.”
The i3 features opposing coach doors with no B-pillars, making for particularly generous space and freedom of movement. The absence of a central tunnel opens up the footwells to further contribute to the impression of interior space.
Concept interior innovation awards went to Continental for its Simplify Your Drive system, which allows electric cars to learn how to calculate driving range before starting a journey.
The 2015 awards will be held June 16, 17 and 18 in Stuttgart, Germany.

domain: design


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Great day for a ride, easy going as snow not very deep yet. Turned left up 11K road, and went to Kaiser Bill Lake, then headed off to Willma Lake, before trying some new trails, but even though good ride, all dead end this time of year. All 9 units made it down safely, and barely any issues, well 2, but all turned out OK. Ride back down was white out conditions, perfect end to the day.
Join Steve at King Eddy Road Sunday, December 17 ready to ride at 10:00am. This ride will take you wherever the snow allows.
Rides are open to everyone, we encourage non-members to do a couple rides with us to meet other riders and find new trails. Quads, side x sides and motorcycles welcome.
Come prepared for winter riding and bring a lunch for around the campfire.

domain: hobby


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'The Tiger Conquers Gazelle'
I once had a significant other, like most others, but unlike most others, I still believe that she is always going to be the one who got away. It isn't because of her, but because of me for why we are no longer together. There are still days when she comes to mind, but it doesn't hurt as much anymore. Every time that she does come to mind, I keep thinking of the same thing over and over.
We were sitting across from one another during our lunch period. The conversation ran dry, and so we were just staring at each other in awkward silence. I was the first to break away from looking to grab my notebook that I wrote all my writings in and a pencil. I didn't know what to write now how to write anything that came to mind. Therefore, I sat there in a loop tapping the pencil against my face in a bored manner. She noticed rather quickly the boredom that I was going through and said, "Why don't you write about us? Call it 'The Tiger Conquers Gazelle'." She came up with the title by using the nicknames that we gave each other. She was the Tiger and I was her Gazelle. It was always fun to talk to her and it was always enjoyable being around her, but I just couldn't write about her, nor us. It was difficult. Every time I would start to write about us, it sounded like it was coming from a split version of us and thus the difficulty of the writing resulted. I didn't want to write about us as though we broke up and I'm reminiscing what was. I wanted to write about how happy we made each other, but when I really thought about it from a psychological standpoint (which is how I wrote a lot of my writings back then), we only had a mask of happiness on. When we ran out of things to talk about, our masks came off and we weren't happy anymore. We would force ourselves onto one another to try to put the masks back on, but I slowly back this act. I wanted there to be more emotion, not just blind happiness. I wanted to have a down so the high would be better; however, I never thought that my down would end it all.
After that, the writing got easier. It became less painful to write about because it became more true. I was falling out, and we both kinda knew that it wasn't going to last all that much longer. We just needed something to split the final string, to break us apart and that thing was our half year milestone of being together. It finally separated a whole into two broken pieces that would eventually heal back, but I know that when the split occurred, she took a part of me, and I took a part of her. I took her emotions, and she took all my love. While we were broken halves of a whole, we were lost and it hurt. I seemed to heal faster than she did, but once she started to heal, her healing was exponential and mine slowly faded away.
Now the writing of 'The Tiger Conquers Gazelle' is easy. My heart doesn't pound with sharp stinging pain anymore. My eyes down become a river for my emotions and my thoughts are not haunted by scenes filled with fear of losing her. Instead my heart my calm, my eyes are dry and my thoughts were already taken over awhile ago.
I haven't written much of 'The Tiger Conquers Gazelle', but I do have the beginning. I wanted to share it with all of you, because for some reason, I don't have the ability to continue it.
"I remember the day that I asked you out. You were standing at your locker that was at the corner. Your locker number was 2142 mine was 2400, you were just down the hall from me. The morning bell had just rang and we had to get to homeroom before we ever got into trouble. Five minutes remained before then. You were wearing a lovely grey shirt that was super soft to the touch. We walked together all that morning. We couldn’t stop smiling at each other. Our eyes interlocked many times. What color were they again? Three minutes remain. You are swiftly gathering your belongings together, dreading the day to come; however, you did not expect me to turn you around, hold your hand in mine and said, “Will you be my girlfriend please?” Please? Who says please? I felt as though I was begging. All you did was smile, laugh and hugged me saying “yes” overly excited. I remember how your body looked as the only light to hit it was the moonlight. It conformed to your curves perfectly. You’re swift movement as you walked. I remember how you used to laugh at the idiotic things I said, or at least at all the times I tried using more intellectual words rather than simpler words trying to make myself seem smarter to you. You used to laugh at almost every paragraph that I said. Where did that joy go? I remember meeting your whole mother’s side of the family. Twice actually. Once on our very first time together when you invited me over for dinner. Your mother had made homemade fried chicken. Man was that amazing! I wonder how she felt as I told my entire life story to her in just under five minutes. When I met your family, you invited me over to decorate your tree. I still have pictures of that night, but it doesn’t look the same. Warped perhaps. I met your uncle, loved him. We talked about some cars and what I was thinking about doing later on in my life. I think he made fun of me a couple of times, but I shoved that aside. Later that night, everyone was leaving, but you and I stayed awake watching Rudolph. Well at least, you stayed awake. I fell asleep a couple of times while watching. The other time that I met your mother side of the family was for Easter sunday, which I evidently ruined because I left unnoticed. I made a search party come out for me. I wasn’t used to the family, it was too much for me and I had to leave. I remember our date to Friday’s. It shocked you as I told you originally that I was bringing you home. However, I drove the wrong way and brought you to dinner with me. Gave you two roses, one for me and one for you to symbolize us. You cried you were so surprised. Our waitress didn’t like us. We were having so much fun throwing little rolled up pieces of paper from the straws that we received. There was a mess everywhere but we had fun. I remember the end too. I remember April 30th was our final day. I cried for weeks after that. I remember sitting in my room with the notes that you gave me, rereading them, hearing your voice read them to me in my head. I never wanted it to end. I kept onto those letters for two more years. Before I finally left, I returned to you all that you have given me in a bag in my locker. I remember not having enough time to see you to tell you once more how I really felt even after years from our end. I had to tell our mutual friend to give you instructions to get everything that you gave me from my locker. A couple of framed photos of us that you gave me on my birthday. Almost a dozen notes that we wrote each other with slight smudging from being looked at too often. A worn out blue button down shirt that you always threatened to take from me. All of those items were in that bag. All I wanted was one last look upon your face. I remember you making me promise you that you wouldn’t become one of the Faceless exes. The Faceless are those that I can remember the names and actions, but not the faces of. I remember everything from our relationship, but when I try to look back at all of that now, I cannot remember what your face looks like. I cannot remember what colors your eyes were that drew me in. I cannot remember what your lips looked like, nor can I remember the feeling of your lips to mine. I cannot remember your cute nose that I used to bop with my fingers to get your attention or to show my affection towards you. I cannot remember, but now I’m not so sure that I want to remember."


Public Space Fedor Blaščák
What is the nature of a public space? Is it something bestowed objectively, or is it created subjectively? Is it an existing city space created by streets, squares, parks, and public buildings; or is it a space for the constantly updated activities of free individuals? Does public space exist for us directly and unproblematically, given that the streets, squares, etc., are already there, or is it something that we bring about by our coordinated activities, by the expending of effort on the foundation of shared interests?
We will look at the assumptions of these two points of view. We will try to find out what they have in common—that is, we will try to find a method that would connect them. One view considers public space to be objectively given, understanding it as something ready-made, something prepared for us by past and present generations of town planners, architects, builders, and municipal officers.
It is the space in the city where we move about. This view is derived from the assumption that public space is a system of places with a precisely defined urban functionality. However we may appropriate it, the issue of the public space remains for us an issue of urban operations, that is, an issue delegated to urban studies and managed by them. Such a view directs us to the local office of town planning and maybe the land registry. It is there that, according to the definition of individual areas, we ascertain which space is public, and what, according to the classification, is permissible and what is not in a given area. This view relates to the public space in the same way a map of the areas relates to the areas themselves. We call it instrumental.
In this case the quality of the public space is connected with the quality of the urban planning, the quality of the public architecture, the quality of the municipal communications, and with the measure of care expended on municipal green areas and the interior design of public buildings.
Movement through the city, however, is generally motivated by something—by observing other people, encountering some of them, and so on. This brings us to the idea of the purpose of the public space—if it is to be a mutual communication between people and a communication of people with their surroundings, which can mean anything from cleaning up a park on the periphery to mass demonstrations in the city’s center. Thus the formulated purpose will for us mean an expansion of the public space concept, which we originally reached by classifying in a specific way the municipal space that actually exists. Communication, that is, does not take place exclusively in the streets.
The Internet and the popularity of social networks indicate the need to expand the original classification of the public space by (optical) cable, computer, and public web domains. Another reason for expanding the concept of public space is the issue of how to understand the use of expressions such as “public discussion,” “public opinion,” and so on. Public discussion is an instrument for negotiating miscellaneous social questions and issues by a method in which no voice or opinion is ruled out in advance. What public space has in common is its accessibility to everyone. Does that mean that a public discussion can take place only in a public space such as we have delineated above? Certainly not. Public discussion cannot be limited only to what takes place in streets, squares, and so on. And moreover, if—on the basis of an instrumental look at the public space—we also consider an approach according to which public space is a system of places with exactly defined functionalities, then the assumption that any discussion and the exchange of ideas must have their own place in the list of permissible functions of squares begins to look strange.
The reasons for expanding the concept of public space become relevant for us when we expand our reflections on it by considering the purpose for which we created it. Our question will not be, “What is a public space?” but, “What is the public space for?” and, “What is the public space like?”
We do not look upon it as architects or town planners. Urbanism defines the public space (by the organization of buildings) and architecture portrays it (by the construction of buildings). It is not however able to create it. Why not? Because the public space is our common space. We create it the moment we take part in something that goes beyond us, that we do not control ourselves. Consequently, voluntary obligations between individuals, shared interests fulfilling our mutual relationships, are a presupposition of the expanded view of the public space. Our personal motivations on the basis of which we appear in public are important for us as direct participants and creators of the public space. The formal side—that is, where it actually happens—is not decisive and in the end not even interesting. The quality of the public space understood in this way is connected with the nature of the motivation to engage in it and with the measure of responsibility regarding the obligations that derive from this. So it no longer concerns only our movement in the city. It concerns our position vis-à-vis the interests of other people and our ability to convince other people of our own interests. A joint approach in their realization is the mark of the public space.
When Plato proposed to take children away from their mothers in the ideal state and entrust their upbringing to the hands of society, he made it clear that the interests of the whole are superior to the interests of the individual. Good social organization also had to include the instruments by which individuals could be raised outside the family. So, too, the presumption of stability, and it was indeed stability and the means to achieve it that were the main sources of Plato’s reflections on the state. The concept of freedom stood in the background as something manifesting itself in the course of certain activities that become real only if they are seen, if they are appraised, and chiefly, if they are remembered. Some sort of “public freedom” thus came into consideration—something created by people for other people, a tangible reality of the common world, free space as the result of a common effort rather than some sort of individually innate ability or gift. In classical times the presence of other people was an inevitable condition of the life of a free person. The origin and existence of the Greek agora is an expression of this concept of freedom.
Plato’s theoretical model of the ordering of society did not catch on. But the agora did. As a space for the struggle for political power it augured, opposite to the philosopher’s wish, more unpredictability than stability. In inquiring about the nature of the public space we can learn from the failure of Plato’s proposal for a constitution. The public space is originally neutral, and that is why it is able to absorb all the possible personal initiatives and interests we carry into it. The idea that the public space requires an exact system of rules created on the basis of higher or eternal or some other kind of values is always sure to lead in due course to its restriction and refutation. Plato (as did many after him) adopted an authoritative attitude vis-à-vis the public space, just as an architect or town planner does when considering the real space in which the city is to originate. He designed it, determined it, and defined it.
“Now we are left with a world without urbanism, only architecture, ever more architecture,” Rem Koolhaas wrote in his 1994 essay “What Ever Happened to Urbanism?” So as urbanism fails in building cities, the social engineer similarly fails when he intervenes in the public space. He fails because its originally neutral nature will never please him sufficiently for him to be reconciled with it. On what does this neutrality rely? On the absence of an external authority, which would decide what people can and cannot do. All that is needed for a public space to emerge is for people to show—spontaneously or deliberately—that they themselves are able to decide on some common approach. The public space is an open space. The absence of an external authority and controls on entry into a public space, however, do have certain consequences.
First, responsibility for it is borne exclusively by the participants in the public space. The standpoint of an individual is only one of the loci of the public space. There is no privileged point of view that would give the whole of the public space some sort of meaning. The public space is like an orchestra with an arbitrary number of musicians playing by arbitrary rules on arbitrary instruments. Without a conductor.
Secondly, our knowledge of the content of the public space is limited to what we ourselves may want to be actively involved in. It applies to the public space that we do not understand what we do not know how to (co)create.
Thirdly, the nature of the aim and how the participants intend to achieve it is decisive in the matter of whether or not—by its being held—the public space will expand, whether it will cultivate what already exists or destroy it.
To conclude, my question is: how can the public space originate through the realization of personal interests? In answering, I shall summarize the clues I have left strewn in the text. The public space originates and exists thanks to the determination of individuals to put their energies into projects held in common with other people, in spite of the risk of failure. They become engaged in something over which they themselves cannot have complete control. And even if they do not reach their aim, the results they achieve in the public space create a residue. This means that someone else can reach the given aim in the future, or someone else can use this as a basis to initiate their own aim. I think this is the real reason why people do it. They know that the public space is a common, open, and precious space.
Fedor Blaščák, “Spoločný, voľný, vzácny,” Anthropos 14: časopis pre humanitné a sociálne poznanie (2–2007), p. 36–40.


Integrating resource efficiency into climate mitigation policy in the EU
The 11th International Conference of the European Society for Ecological Economics (ESEE) was held at Leeds University on 30 June – 3 July 2015, with around 500 people attending. Kate Scott presented ongoing CIE-MAP research demonstrating how a greater integration of resource efficiency with climate change mitigation policy can contribute substantially to abating EU consumption-driven emissions. Current climate policy fails to address the link between resource consumption and embodied emissions, which can offset domestic emissions reductions due to emissions embodied in imports. Recognising the synergies between material consumption and emissions, and the importance of international trade in the environmental performance of countries, our research analyses the emissions associated with resource consumption in the EU: how much originate outside the EU; how many are captured within existing EU climate policy; how much additional emissions could EU climate policy capture by extending its energy efficiency policies to address the embodied impacts of products; and how much of the EU’s legislative emissions reductions could these deliver.
Download Kate’s presentation here.


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K-BILLY'S SUPER SOUND OF THE SEVENTIES - FITTED T-SHIRT
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The Renault Nissan Mitsubishi Alliance on Thursday gave an update on its plan announced in 2020 calling for the further consolidation of vehicle development and an increased focus on electric vehicles.
The three automakers making up the alliance plan to invest 23 billion euros (approximately $25.7 billion) over the next five years on electrification, with the bulk to go toward the development of 35 new EVs to be launched by 2030, some of which will be sold under Renault's Alpine brand. Nissan hinted at possibilites for some of its future EVs last fall.
The automakers also plan to have around 80% of their combined lineup based on common platforms by as early as 2026, up from about 60% today. For EVs, there will be five common platforms.
CMF-AEV - For budget EVs, including redesigned Dacia Spring
KEI-EV - For minicars
LCV-EV - For commercial vehicles, including redesigned Renault Kangoo and Nissan Town Star
CMF-EV - For mainstream EVs, including Renault Megane E-Tech and Nissan Ariya
CMF-BEV - For mainstream compact EVs, including Renault R5 and Nissan Micra replacement
The automakers also plan to use common batteries and target a reduction in battery costs from current levels of about 50% by 2026 and 65% by 2028, which will allow EVs to match the cost of internal-combustion vehicles.
The automakers also expect to have the first EVs powered by solid-state batteries by mid-2028, a technology that Nissan is spearheading for the alliance. Solid-state batteries are expected to double the energy density versus current liquid-type batteries, as well as reduce charging times by about a third. The technology is also safer as it's less prone to overheating.
There will also be a focus on software development. Here, Renault is leading the development of common electronic and software architectures that will be introduced in 2025. These architectures will be connected to a cloud network and enable new digital experiences, as well as advancements in self-driving capability. The architectures mean vehicles will also be able to communicate with connected objects, users, and infrastructure, opening up new possibilities for owners.


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curry powder, (see Tip)
salt, or to taste
extra-virgin olive oil
shallot, finely diced
asparagus, (about 1 pound), trimmed and cut into 1-inch pieces
- Combine butter, curry powder, lemon juice and salt in a small bowl.
- Heat oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add shallot and cook, stirring, until softened, about 2 minutes. Add asparagus and cook, stirring, until just tender, 3 to 5 minutes. Stir the curry butter into the asparagus; toss to coat.
Tip: Check the ingredient label on your brand of curry powder: if it has added salt (as some do), you may omit the salt in the recipe or salt to taste.
© Meredith Corporation. All rights reserved. Used with permission.
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- 1 (8 ounce) package rigatoni pasta
- 2 (15 ounce) cans cannellini beans
- 4 tomatoes, chopped
- 8 ounces fresh mushrooms, sliced
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 2 green onions, chopped
- 1/2 teaspoon dried basil
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 3/4 cup tomato juice
- ground black pepper to taste
- 2 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese
step 1: Cook rigatoni in boiling water until al dente. Drain, and set aside.
step 2: Drain and rinse cannellini beans; set aside.
step 3: In a large skillet, heat oil over medium heat. Saute mushrooms, garlic, and scallions with pepper and basil.
step 4: Add tomatoes, pasta, beans, and tomato juice to skillet. Bring skillet mixture to a boil. Reduce heat, and simmer for 15 minutes or until mixture is hot. Serve immediately. Top with grated parmesan cheese.


View Bands by Genre:
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Category: Pomp/ Prog
Catalog Number: SAG CD 2
|1.||Its Time (Chapter 3)||4:01|
|2.||See Them Smile||3:25|
|4.||You're Not Alone||5:22|
|5.||Take It Or Leave It||3:58|
|6.||Images (Chapter 1)||6:31|
|7.||Hot To Cold||5:02|
|8.||Mouse In A Maze||5:41|
|Total Running Time:||37:25|
If you see any errors or omissions in the CD information shown above, either in the musician credits or song listings (cover song credits, live tracks, etc.), please post them in the corrections section of the Heavy Harmonies forum/message board.
The music discographies on this site are works in progress. If you notice that a particular Saga CD release or compilation is missing from the list above, please submit that CD using the CD submission page. The ultimate goal is to make the discographies here at Heavy Harmonies as complete as possible. Even if it is an obscure greatest-hits or live compilation CD, we want to add it to the site. Please only submit official CD releases; no bootlegs or cassette-only or LP-only releases.
EPs and CD-singles from Saga are also welcome to be added, as long as they are at least 4 songs in length.
|From: Rockhead||Date: June 23, 2004 at 4:22|
|Not containing perhaps some of Saga's best known songs, this is another excellent album of well played, clinically executed prog rock. Saga had few peers back in the day with I suppose Rush coming closest. Saga, rather than go down the same lyrical avenues as Rush wrote songs that were very grown up. As a result their early works still sound relevant today whereas Xanadu or even the mighty 2112 sounds a little cringeworthy in the lyrical dept.-Saga=Music for adults.|
|Heavy Harmonies Volunteer|
|From: Jez||Date: June 23, 2004 at 9:27|
|Another strong release,and only album number 2. Short, sharp and straight to the point with only 8 tracks and 37 minutes. Highlights for me - 'Mouse In A Maze', 'Images A Twilight' and the classic 'You're Not Alone'.|
|From: Rycheage||Date: October 2, 2004 at 19:04|
|This is classic Saga sound at its very best. The songs are short and very melodious which should not turn off the casual prog rock listener. This album has enough melody and class to turn on the hard core AOR listener who does not like prog due to the long winded show offs of songs that most prog bands are prone to. Saga does none of that. "It's Time" and "You're Not Alone" show this point to a tee. Great melodic stuff with enough prog to keep it interesting.|
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text:
Coronavirus patients are flooding and straining hospitals across the U.S., in particular in Western states, where administrators are achieve in positions of desirous to ration care as their facilities are pushed to their breaking points by the delta variant.
Alaska this past week joined Idaho in adopting statewide crisis requirements of care that offer steering to neatly being care services making subtle choices on pointers on how to allocate exiguous sources. Quite a bit of hospitals in Montana possess either activated crisis requirements of care or are brooding about it because the insist is pummeled by COVID-19.
Below the pointers, services can prioritize treating patients in step with their prospects of restoration, impacting any individual seeking emergency care, no longer exact those with COVID-19.
“In the rupture or no longer it’s a decision about, at that time in time, who we feel is presumably to possess the merit of what also can very neatly be a exiguous handy resource,” acknowledged Michael Bernstein, regional chief scientific officer in Alaska for the neatly being care company Windfall.
On the total, crisis requirements of care involve a scoring diagram to search out out the affected person’s survivability, sometimes in conjunction with their estimated “existence years” and how neatly their organs are working. Such pointers originate no longer demand factoring in vaccination region, powerful fancy emergency rooms don’t prioritize sure car crash victims in step with whether a driver used to be drinking.
Aloof, the extensive majority of COVID-19 patients overwhelming hospitals are unvaccinated, months after the vaccine became extensively available to U.S. adults.
As of Friday, the ICUs in Alabama, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky and Texas all exceeded 90 p.c ability. The ICUs in Alaska and Montana, within the meantime, were 84 p.c and 77 p.c tubby, respectively, per federal info.
With Alaska seeing its highest price of COVID-19 hospitalizations for the explanation that pandemic started, the Windfall Alaska Medical Center in Anchorage decided to open crisis requirements of care earlier this month so doctors would no longer be forced to discover determinations about patients themselves.
“That furthermore ensures that it’s miles equitable [and follows] rules of justice, equity on memoir of all of us desire to originate the lawful thing,” Bernstein acknowledged. “And people varieties of picks can region off lawful pain for neatly being care services.”
While emergency rooms regularly require physicians to triage and treat patients with the most pressing wants first, the prepare is no longer associated outdated when making choices about “more severe” therapies.
The scientific heart, in particular the intensive care objects, possess been “very tubby,” which Bernstein acknowledged is “largely on memoir of many COVID patients will progress to wanting that level of care.”
At Windfall Alaska Medical Center, the surge of COVID-19 patients discover up about 24 p.c of inpatients, with about 87 to 90 p.c of all patients being unvaccinated.
Nationwide, a quarter of the eligible population, or about 70 million people, has no longer gotten any dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Health officials possess many conditions referred to fresh outbreaks as “a virulent disease of the unvaccinated,” which President BidenJoe BidenHaiti high minister warns inequality will region off migration to continue Pelosi: House must pass 3 significant objects of spending legislation this week Erdoğan says Turkey plans to grab yet one more Russian protection diagram MORE reiterated in a speech on Friday.
“In a country as extensive as ours, that 25 p.c minority can region off an abominable lot of wound,” Biden acknowledged. “And they are causing a form of wound.”
Idaho is yet one more insist where hospitals are enduring high stress, with officials instituting crisis requirements of care statewide earlier this month. This past week, there used to be a file quantity of COVID-19 hospitalizations, acknowledged Toni Lawson, vice president for presidency family at the Idaho Sanatorium Affiliation.
“Or no longer it’s exact across the board gorgeous severe, nonetheless crisis requirements of care has undoubtedly allowed our hospitals the pliability to offer care to as many patients as that you just may presumably well well imagine,” she acknowledged.
Hospitals are taking fragment in statewide calls to prepare where patients bound, as noncritical patients are sometimes transferred to smaller hospitals to discover room in elevated hospitals for severe cases.
“Ideal now, at the same time as you happen to bound to the scientific institution, you may presumably presumably presumably also no longer end up” receiving care at the same facility, Lawson acknowledged. “You can also must be transferred to yet one more scientific institution on memoir of of ability points.”
In several hospitals, services are in conjunction with beds to accommodate the surge in modern patients.
Gabe Kelen, director of the Johns Hopkins Workplace of Main Event Preparedness and Response, acknowledged neatly being care services can take into memoir other choices fancy increasing the quantity of patients every nurse manages, shutting down services and products reminiscent of optionally available surgeries and assessing the probability of releasing mattress occupants to discover room for other patients.
Nonetheless delaying care by months for some patients, shall we verbalize those with cancer, also can jeopardize their neatly being.
“The vaccine deniers obviously in a form of our minds are fancy undoubtedly, undoubtedly, undoubtedly hurting fancy the total diagram, whereas any individual who has a coronary heart assault is easiest attacking their discover coronary heart — they’re no longer attacking everybody else’s,” Kelen added.
Nonetheless Kelen acknowledged people possess to view at it by means of a scientific lens.
“We will originate our easiest to attain your existence, whether you are vaccinated or no longer, on memoir of that is the oath that we took,” he acknowledged.
Meanwhile, the neatly being care industry is taking winning of a obvious kind, with many hospitals across the country experiencing staffing shortages amid burnout. When when put next with earlier within the pandemic, there may be more demand on workforce to furthermore behavior testing and vaccinations, Kelen acknowledged.
Kristina Orfali, a professor of bioethics at Columbia College, acknowledged it’s well-known for hospitals to talk the crisis requirements of care with patients at admission.
“Or no longer it’s sad, nonetheless it undoubtedly’s well-known that we know about it, and … there may be more transparency to what it’s miles, and I discover we ought to form of be larger in talking all this,” she acknowledged.
Hundreds of states possess taken steps to revamp their crisis requirements of care amid the pandemic, with Hawaii releasing a notion earlier this month. A spokesperson for the Arkansas Division of Health acknowledged the insist is working on finalizing its requirements.
Tennessee declared last week that it’s miles limiting using monoclonal antibody therapies to those unvaccinated in opposition to COVID-19, following Nationwide Institutes of Health steering to prioritize of us which can be no longer fully vaccinated and are at high risk of building severe COVID-19.

domain: health


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SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- Airline stocks managed meager gains in early afternoon trading Thursday with the Amex Airline Index $xal up 0.1% to 50.14 points. Another day of advances in the oil markets capped any meaningful advance. Delta Air Lines DAL, -0.07% gained 0.8% to $3.86 while Northwest Airlines nwac was flat at $5.28.
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A bevvy of pro-repeal groups are teaming up for “Mission Incomplete,” a rally on Capitol Hill on Friday to call on the Senate to remain in session until it can consider the Defense Authorization bill, which includes an amendment that would end “don’t ask don’t tell.” According to the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network, which is putting together the rally, other organizations who’ve signed on thus far are American Veterans for Equal Rights, the Equality Federation, Get Equal, the Human Rights Campaign, the Kentucky Fairness Alliance, Knights Out, MoveOn PAC, the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, the National Center for Lesbian Rights, OutServe, PFLAG National, People For The America Way, PROMO Missouri, National Stonewall Democrats, Swish, VoteVets and Young Democrats of America.
Here’s a statement from SLDN Executive Director Aubrey Sarvis:
“We call upon the Senate and the President to remain in session and in Washington until the National Defense Authorization Act is passed — which includes the repeal of ‘Don’t Ask.’ The Senate is scheduled to break for holiday vacation; we can’t let them leave. We must show our rage for repeal and insist the Senate stay in Washington until they have finished the job. We implore all who support repeal to join us outside the Senate this Friday. As Secretary of Defense Robert Gates said, ‘If not now, when?’
“The lame-duck vote on repeal was set up and dictated by some of the same Senators — like John McCain and Mitch McConnell — who are now delaying to kill the bill. They wanted the Pentagon report — now they have it. They wanted hearings — now they’re done. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid has said he is determined to pass the defense bill with repeal. Senators must not be allowed to hide any longer behind process, procedure, and tax cuts for the wealthy, while the discrimination continues. We’ve lost 14,000 troops to this antiquated law, and by God, we must not lose another on our watch.
“More Americans than ever are with us in this moment. We have the Commander in Chief, the Secretary of Defense, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and a majority of the service chiefs who support repeal. We know that 92 percent of service members are just fine working with their gay, lesbian and bisexual colleagues, according to the Pentagon report. Their attitudes mirror those of nearly 80 percent of Americans.
“With increased pressure — a raised voice — and help from our allies at this key moment, I believe the Senate will stay in session. We will hit 60 votes. We will fight back on attempts to kill repeal. We will send the bill to the President’s desk. The discharges will end. And gays and lesbians will keep serving this nation — but this time with the integrity they so deserve.”


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Discover more from History Killers
When Cowboys were Rock Stars
Old West Iconography and Meaning: its growth in the 1880s, its peak in the first half of the 20th Century, and its eventual decline, through Images and the Arts
The American Cowboy represented the nation’s identity, and perception of itself, for the better part of a century, and—to a lesser degree—even longer. As an icon, it has been routinely mocked and celebrated in near-equal measure in the decades following the end of its cultural peak in the early 1960s. There may be current and recent iterations of Western/Cowboy-related films and television shows (Justified and Yellowstone, among others, come to mind), but nothing comes close to the centrality of cowboy culture and entertainment that prevailed from the 1880s to the 1960s.
What does the image of the cowboy and the American frontier exemplify? What are its best and worst iterations? Why did it loom so large and for so long in the American psyche, and what—if anything—replaced the cowboy as America’s avatar in the decades since? There exist no solid answers to such questions, but there is no doubt that the cowboy symbol is significant, in all of its variations, interpretations, and meanings.
Take a gander at the images below, and trace the evolution and transformation of depictions of the American West and the American Cowboy, from actual history to fictionalized portrayals.
At the dawn of the 20th Century, the West and the Cowboy—in reality and in fiction—began to be presented in new and growing mediums, including stage and screen.
Professor of Media and Culture at Utrecht University, Nanna Verhoeff, published her book in 2006 that examines the depiction of the West in early American film.
By the 1930s, depictions of the American West and the Cowboy went from cheap vaudeville to legitimate “high art” theatre. According to the Library of Congress, “In the mid-1930s [legendary composer, known as the Dean of American music, Aaron] Copland began to receive commissions from dance companies… His second commission… resulted in Billy the Kid (1938), one of his best-known works and the work which first definitely identified him with the American West.”
Has anything replaced the Cowboy as America’s avatar? Or does the iconography serve as a placeholder for a time when such imagery acted as a means for how the nation saw itself, whether as a heroic individual or as an amoral entity? That is a matter of opinion, but one certainly worth a moment’s consideration. There is no doubt that the icon will endure, and likely continue to progress, regress, and morph endlessly in unforeseeable ways well into the future. Nevertheless, the concept of the American Cowboy will continue to wander yonder west, following the setting sun and searching for ever more frontier.
[James M. Masnov is a writer, historian, and lecturer. He is the author of Rights Reign Supreme: An Intellectual History of Judicial Review and the Supreme Court, available here. His first book, History Killers and Other Essays by an Intellectual Historian, is available here.]

domain: library


text:
The Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps has uncovered a fake fertiliser syndicate in Jos, Plateau State.
The corps also arrested five persons in connection with the diversion of ammonium sulphate used for the fake fertiliser and sold to unsuspecting farmers at N25,900 per bag.
This arrest came on the heels of concerns of sabotage in the fertiliser chain of distribution by notorious individuals bent on thwarting efforts of the Federal Government to reach local farmers with farm input in the state.
The Director of Public Relations, NSCDC National Headquarters, Afolabi Babawale, disclosed this in a statement issued on Tuesday in Abuja.
Babawale said the arrest was made by the special intelligence squad of the Commandant General of the NSCDC, noting that the exhibit which is a property of Fertiliser Producers and Suppliers Association of Nigeria was diverted, bagged and sold by the saboteurs to unsuspected buyers and farmers at the rate of N25,900 per bag.
He said “On the 2nd September 2023 at about 1720hrs, the Commandant General’s Special Intelligence Squad, acting on credible intelligence burst two separate locations; No 3, Dogon Dutse area, Jos North and Kasuwa Kara area, Bukuru all in Jos Plateau State and succeeded in recovered large quantities of diverted bags of Granular Ammonium Sulphate.
“The product is meant to be used for the production of fertiliser and to be sold at subsidised rates to the farmers in the Federal Government’s bid to sustain the national food security programme and encourage food production in the country.
“The arrested suspects are Ibrahim Muhammed, 63; Ladan Anas, 26; Umar Said Muhammed, 37; Hambale Usman, 46; and Junaid Ubale, 30.
“Among the exhibits recovered are 740 bags of prohibited granular Ammonium sulphate, 24 bags of Urea Dangote fertilisers, 65 bags of Indorama fertilisers, 130 bags of NPK Barbados fertilisers, 29 cartons of ultrachol chemical, 109 (20) liters of knapsack spraying pump among other items”.
The Spokesperson noted that Commandant General, NSCDC, Ahmed Audi had been duly briefed and had ordered the immediate transfer of the five suspects and the case file to the national headquarters of the NSCDC while further investigations are ongoing.


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ADULT PROGRAMS Special Private Lesson Rate All private lessons
taken Monday through Friday, between the hours of 12:00 and 2:00 PM will be at our very
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hour. There will be no exceptions.
Stoke Of The Day | Breakfast Club | Early/Late Hit Drill and Play | Cardio Tennis
Stroke of the Day
This program is geared toward working on specific strokes on a week to week basis.
The class is set up as a group lesson with emphasis on developing and strengthening
Under the direction of tennis professional Alan Marden, we have expanded our very
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text:
Editor’s note: This is Part 1 of a two-part piece on innovation in digital health, co-authored by Bryony Winn, chief strategy and innovation officer at Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina. Read Part 2 here.
More than 6,500 people descended on HLTH in Las Vegas in late October to “solve the most pressing problems facing health care today.” Walking the halls, we couldn’t shake a nagging question: Who are all these people? Contrary to some of our own predictions, digital health is not dead yet. The hype cycle is still going strong. So strong in fact that attendees were treated to Mark Cuban cursing big pharma, an ever-present DJ, and several overly earnest hackathons. Importantly, we counted no fewer than 1,000 tweets and selfies posted from the private Flo Rida concert.
Against this backdrop reminiscent of Corporate Burning Man, we participated in a panel discussion focused on what it takes for health care innovators and incumbents to cut through the noise and truly be successful in today’s market, and we are pleased that this conversation has continued in the weeks following the conference. We want to share several key points that aim to help both startups and legacy companies build differentiated and sustainable business models (even after the digital health hype quiets down).
Digital Health Survivors
While venture capital continues to flow freely and every Rock Health report is more positive than the last, our conversations in Vegas confirmed what we already sensed—the digital health sector continues to divide between winners and losers.
Today’s successful companies understand the importance of enterprise relationships and channel access. They have hired health care experts, partnered effectively, and have even co-developed their models alongside legacy players. Many raised venture capital from strategic corporate investors who have helped them refine their product, accelerate channel access, and get past the risk of “death by pilot.” These “Digital Health Survivors” have taken a road that is unfortunately less traveled.
The other road is cluttered with well-intentioned point solutions still looking for “product-market fit” and “sales traction.” These companies are facing numerous challenges, and raising capital is very difficult for them (or will soon be). Most have failed to craft meaningful channel partnerships or leverage scaled partners to find early, credible proof points. Surprisingly, many highly respected venture capital firms have invested in these companies; venture capitalists that do not have a reputation for overlooking product-market fit problems, sales traction hiccups, or lack of credible proof points in other industries.
There is still time for some of these companies (and investors) to adjust direction and retool. However, it will require new thinking and new talent in many of their C-suites and boardrooms.
Advantage: Innovative Incumbents
Despite being attacked on all sides from innovative startups, well-capitalized tech companies, big retail brands, and government regulators, traditional health care services companies simply don’t seem disrupted yet. In fact, driven by consolidation and strong financial performance, many are healthier and appear more confident than ever. And some of the more successful ones even seem downright innovative themselves, having learned from innovators to build, buy, and partner their way to new capabilities.
Upon closer inspection, these “Innovative Incumbents” have a few things in common. First, many of them are on a similar mission, in pursuit of the “triple aim” of improved affordability, outcomes, and experience. They also have risk-tolerant, innovation-embracing boards and management teams, strong balance sheets, and the ability to attract top talent.
Most importantly, these Innovative Incumbents are differentiated by their commitment to becoming good partners with the “Digital Health Survivors.” They have realized that winning in the future means bringing together better solutions and consumer experiences than their competitors. We have seen them add new technology and nimble operating models to their existing business with a focus on bringing enhanced value propositions to market at scale. They have created teams and set aside budget to make these partnerships successful, and many are creating technological, data, and operational APIs to drive efficiency in standing up partnerships with innovators.


US 4547041 A
The invention relates to an arrangement for varying the optical path length in an optical device without varying its overall dimensions comprising an entrance reflector and an exit reflector the planes of incidence of which are substantially arranged in one plane and the normals erected upon said planes are unidirectional, and an even number of deviating reflectors located between said entrance reflector and said exit reflector. The variation of the optical path length is realized by displacing the entrance reflector and the exit reflector uniformly in any, however, the same direction. A combination of individual arrangements is feasible.
1. Reflection system for optical path length variation comprising in an optical path of beams in optical alignment,
an entrance reflector,
beam deflecting optical elements,
an exit reflector,
said beam deflecting elements being arranged between said entrance reflector and said exit reflector, the plane of incidence of said entrance reflector and the respective plane of said exit reflector being coincident, the normal upon said entrance reflector and the normal upon said exit reflector being parallel and unidirectional,
a first slide means for supporting said entrance reflector,
a second slide means for supporting said exit reflector,
and gear means for simultaneously displacing said first slide means and said second slide means about different amounts to obtain said path length variation.
2. A reflection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said beam deflecting means are constituted of an even number of non-displaceable deviating reflectors and wherein the paths of beams reflected at said entrance reflector and at said exit reflector are unidirectional.
3. A reflection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said beam deflecting means are constituted of an odd number of non-displaceable deviating reflectors and wherein the paths of beams reflected at said entrance reflector and at said exit reflector are unidirectional.
The invention relates to an arrangement for varying the optical path length in optical devices without varying the geometry of a device in which it is used, particularly for microscopes, telescopes and optical measuring devices etc.
The inventional arrangement can be employed in visible light but also in substantially any electromagnetic radiation. Arrangements for effecting optical path length variations can be discrete optical units which are installed, for example, as focussing tubes in diverse optical devices such as microscopes, telescopes, adjustment units, interference units, magnifying devices having variable or non-variable imaging scales.
Previous arrangements for optical path length variations use pentaprisms and angle prisms, respectively, as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,188, and Bauernfeind prisms as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 3,871,750. When combining two reflection faces, the planes of incidence being arranged in a common plane, the above arrangements exhibit two preferential directions.
When the entire reflection system is displaced along one of the two preferential directions an image produced is laterally displaced, whereas when displaced along the other of the two preferential directions only optical path lengths variations are involved. Said arrangements permit varying the path length without varying the overall dimensions.
These arrangements are, however, disadvantageous since inaccuracies in the guide ways for members which cause the lateral displacements simultaneously produce undesired variations in the optical path length, and, inaccuracies in the guiding means for the members producing the optical path length variations involve interfering lateral image displacements. Furthermore, in the above arrangements the reflecting planes are inclined relative to each other which reduces their application range.
It is an object of the invention to obviate the above disadvantages.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an arrangement for optical path length variations which in spite of lateral displacements of the reflection system does not involve lateral displacement of an image and where the optical path length variation is measurable.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide an arrangement for optical path length variation which permits operation at different scale factors.
These and other objects are realised in an arrangement for optical path length variation comprising an entrance reflector and an exit reflector, the normal upon each of the reflector planes are oriented in a same direction. The plane of incidence of the entrance reflector and the plane of incidence of the exit reflector are arranged in one and the same plane.
An even number of non-displaceable deviating reflectors is arranged between the entrance and exit reflector. By different displacements of the entrance and exit reflectors along any common direction an optical path length variation is obtained, where the displacement of the entrance reflector to that of the exit reflector behaves like sin α2 /sin α1,
where α1 is the angle of incidence of the entrance reflector and α2 the angle of incidence of the exit reflector. The relation between the optical path length variation and the reflector displacement, which is the scale factor, is calculated for the entrance reflector as follows: ##EQU1## where δ is the angle between the direction of displacement and the normal upon the plane of the entrance reflector and exit reflector, respectively.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood reference is made to the accompanying drawings which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example three embodiments thereof and where
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an arrangement for optical path length variation including a reflection system for different angles of incidence,
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an arrangement for optical path length variations including two reflection systems without deviating the path of beams, and
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an arrangement for optical path length variations including two reflection systems deviating the path of beams.
In FIG. 1 an arrangement for path length variations is constituted of a first connection means 1, followed by an entrance reflector 2, an exit reflector 4, and a second connection means 3.
The connection means 1 and 3 are so constructed to permit installation in another device (not shown) and passage of a light beam 17 to the optical members mentioned hereinbefore and thereinafter.
Two nondisplaceable reflectors 5 and 6 are inserted into the path of beam 17 between the reflector 2 and the reflector 4. An angle of incidence α1 between the beam 17 and a normal 7 erected upon the reflector 2 is 45° and an angle of incidence α2 between the beam 17 and a normal 8 erected upon the exit reflector 4 is 20.7°.
The two normals 7, 8 erected upon the reflector planes 2 and 4, respectively, are substantially in parallel and equally oriented. The entrance reflector 2 is connected to a slide 9 and the exit reflector 4 to a slide 10.
Both slides 9, 10 have a common guiding track 11 in parallel to the normals 7, 8.
The slides 9 and 10 are secured to toothed racks 12, 13, respectively, which, in turn, mesh pinions 14 and 15, respectively.
Both pinions are connected to an operation knob 16. The transmission ratio between the rack and pinion 14, 12 and the rack and pinion 15, 13 is 1:2 according to the selection of the angles of incidence α1, α2.
The scale factor of the operation knob 16 is 5.1, that is, the optical path length variation related to the displacement of the entrance reflector is 5.1:1.
In operation the beam 17 enters the arrangement through the connection member 1 to impinge upon the entrance reflector 2 where it is reflected to the two reflectors 5, 6 where the beam is folded to impinge upon the exit reflector 4. The latter reflects the beam 17 through the second exit connection member 3 for further processing. When the operation knob 16 is operated the entrance reflector 2 is displaced by means of the movement of the rack and pinion 12 and 14, respectively, into a dashed line position 2a and the reflector 4 by movement of the rack and pinion 13 and 15, respectively, into a dashed line position 4a.
The displacement of the entrance reflector 2 and the exit reflector 4 takes place in the same direction, however, at a 1:2 relation.
The beam 17 has now a varied path 17a, both beams have a different path length, however, they are not laterally displaced between the entrance member 1 and the exit member 3.
In FIG. 2 a combination of two arrangements for path lengths variations is disclosed.
The combination is obtained by the connecting reflectors 18, 19 which include an angle γ=67.5°.
The reference numerals of the second arrangement are primed. The angles of incidence α1, α2 of the first arrangement are 22.5°, and α'1, α'2 of the second arrangement 45°. The entrance reflector 2, and the exit reflector 4 of the first arrangement and the entrance reflector 2', and the exit reflector 4' of the second arrangement, respectively, are constructed as units.
Since the respective angles of incidence α1, α2 and α'1, α'2 are identical, an optical path length variation is obtained by a common displacement of the entrance reflectors 2, 2' and the exit reflectors 4, 4'.
It is advantageous to displace the arrangements in parallel to the beam 17. In this event the scale factor is 0.58. When the angles of incidence α1, α2 of the first arrangement are identical to the angles of incidence α'1, α'2 of the second arrangement, and when the angles between the direction of displacement and the normals 7, 8 to the reflector faces 2, 4 and the normals 7', 8' to the reflector faces 2', 4' have the same amount, then the optical path length is not varied at a common displacement of all entrance reflectors 2, 2' and exit reflectors 2', 4'.
When the entrance reflectors 2, 2' and the exit reflectors 4, 4' are at right angles to each other then the combined arrangements are capable, for example, to determine the relation of longitudinal contraction to the cross contraction of a body.
In FIG. 3 an arrangement for path length variations is constituted of a first system and a second system both being substantially identically constructed, however being arranged in a 180° opposition.
The first system comprises a connection member 21 which permits the passage of a beam 27 and also adaptation to and installation into another optical device (not shown).
A reflector 22 is followed by a first folding reflector 25, a second folding reflector 24 and a reflector 24 which forms a reflector unit with reflector 24.
A first normal 27 to the reflector portion 22 includes an angle of incidence α1 with the incident beam 27, and a second normal 28 onto the reflector portion 24 includes an angle α2 with beam 17 folded at the reflectors 25 and 26. The second system is constituted in mirror symmetry to the first one, the axis of symmetry symmetrically lying between the reflectors 22, 24 on the one hand and the reflectors 22', 24' on the other hand.
A second connection member 23 has the same tasks as member 21. The first and the second system are connected optically by a reflector 19 (first system) and a reflector 18 (second system). The beam 17 directed to the reflectors 22', 24' which are in parallel to the reflectors 22, 24 via the reflectors 19, 18 becomes beam 17' when impinging upon reflector 22'. A normal 27' upon the reflector 22' includes an angle α'1 with the incident beam 17' the latter being reflected to a reflector 25', a reflector 26' to impinge again upon the extended reflector 22', namely 24'.
A normal 28' includes an angle α'2 with the incident beam 17' which leaves the second system through the connecting member 23. The two coupling reflectors 18, 19 are non-displaceable.
However, they are not restricted to the shown number and position. In operation a common displacement of the entrance reflectors 22, 22' and of the exit reflectors 24, 24' by a not shown means along any desired direction except in parallel to the axis of symmetry produces different optical path length variations between both systems, which together yield zero.
When the two systems are displaced by the not shown means at equal amounts, however, in opposite directions, a sum of optical path length variations is produced between the entrance connection member 21 and the exit connection member 23.
The above embodiment permits the introduction of a second beam between the first and the second system.
It is also feasible to insert two beam splitting faces into said arrangement which permits a modulation of beams at a suitable length of coherence.
The above arrangement is modified as follows:
The faces 22, 24 and 22', 24' are the surface of an oscillating crystal. A beam splitting entrance reflector arranged between the connection member 21 and the entrance reflector 22 splits the beam 17 into two partial beams.
One partial beam passes the arrangement and is fused with the other partial beam at an exit beam splitting reflector arranged between the exit reflector 24' and the second connection member 23.
Furthermore, it is feasible to combine a plurality of systems such as the first and second system.
It is also feasible to omit the coupling reflectors. The invention is not restricted to the above embodiments. Thus it lies within the scope of the invention to have the normals erected upon the entrance and exit reflector oriented unidirectional, and an odd number of folding reflectors is arranged between the entrance reflector and the exit reflector, whereas the orientation of the deviating angles is opposite.
The variation of the optical path length is obtained by displacing the entrance reflector and the exit reflector in the same direction.