In order to empower development teams to fulfill their objectives across the development cycle, it is important to consider a whole solution approach toward instrument selection. Aside from satisfying unique needs for power accuracy, waveform analysis, or data acquisition, the technology must also be supported by appropriate training, hardware, and software. This maximizes the value of the investment. Regardless of the electromechanical phenomena to be measured, the computation capabilities, the level of accuracy, and measurement technologies must be reliable over the long term. They must offer support in hardware, software, and services in order to help engineers and manufacturers take their products from concept through production with greater quality in shorter time frames.
There is a variety of instruments on the market that can potentially meet power measurement needs. Depending on the circumstances, one may need the waveform analysis of an oscilloscope, the high accuracy of a power analyzer, or a hybrid combination of the two with the flexibility of a data acquisition added into the mix. There are three main categories of instruments to consider when making power measurements. While there are exceptions, the categories below represent most instruments on the market and their core functionality.
Yokogawa has defined two instruments that expand capabilities beyond the standard instruments: Power Scope and the ScopeCorder.
The following will highlight some key considerations to weigh when choosing the best suited instrument.
The underlying power measurement principle behind each of these instruments is essentially the same: sampling the voltage and current waveforms simultaneously, multiplying them together after acquisition, integrating the resultant instantaneous power readings over a whole number of fundamental waveform cycles, and then dividing by the time. However, depending on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter and the sampling rate, there are two broad category types of power measurement instruments: continuous streaming and digital storage.
These include the traditional power meters and power analyzers. Streaming instruments use high resolution on the analog-to-digital conversion stage and instantaneously compute/integrate the voltage, current, and power values in order to achieve continuous measurements and high accuracies. This architecture allows instantaneous computations without deadtime or gaps by continuous flushing of the memory buffer after each acquisition.
A continuous streaming instrument will acquire every cycle and calculate power based on a time, t, defined by the measurement instrument. This equation is true for any wave shape, including AC, DC, or distorted.
A digital storage instrument such as an oscilloscope, acquires data at a high sampling rate, stores it in acquisition memory, and then processes it for output. During processing of the sampled data, there is "dead time" when the instrument is not reading the input waveform, thus missing the data points for continuous measurements.
A digital storage instrument triggers on waveform data used in the power calculation. Because of internal rearm times and data movement to memory, dead times are introduced where the instrument is not recording large portions of data. Since these dead times could easily be greater than 90% of the waveform acquisition time, these instruments are not ideal for power measurements.
The high sampling rate in a digital storage-type instrument allows for a better representation of the input waveform, making it ideal for analyzing single shot or transient events. However, oscilloscopes are not designed for stability and manufacturers do not specify AC uncertainty. Therefore, when high accuracy is needed, particularly in compliance testing, a streaming-type power analyzer is usually the better choice as it can achieve accuracies up to 0.01% of reading. Hybrid instruments such as the Power Scope can combine waveform analysis together with high accuracy measurement, as shown below.
Figure 1. A power analyzer, Power Scope, and ScopeCorder can stream data continuously while oscilloscopes and data acquisition products are subject to large dead times.
The various stages of product development each demand different capabilities and levels of accuracy. For example, isolated tests of individual components in early development stages may only need waveform analysis at limited accuracy, but when a multicomponent system needs to be tested, the objective is to optimize the system rather than a single component. This calls for sophisticated multichannel, multi-parameter measurements. Requirements for compliance and adherence to standards become stricter as the project nears production testing. Given the diverse operating conditions and objectives among development phases, one needs to be mindful that measurement needs can vary or evolve across the development cycle.
During this stage, individual components may need to be measured. Engineers must deal with fast switching speeds (in inverters, power supplies, and electronic circuitry), dynamic behaviors at high frequencies, and frequent overshoots on pulses. High sampling rates are, therefore, needed to capture waveforms faithfully, making the oscilloscope the go-to instrument for such scenarios. Oscilloscopes offer automated measurement of voltage and current waveforms providing peak, average, and root mean square (rms).
As control systems become more sophisticated, measurements are no longer limited to optimizing individual components. More I/O signals are needed and, consequently, faster sampling and higher bandwidth to circumvent noise from inverters or power supplies. More channels are needed to capture the dynamic behaviors of each component as part of an overall system. In an automotive powertrain, for example, together with the electrical parameters, physical parameters such as rotational speed, fuel injector pulse time, and crank angles are measured from sensor signals, rotary encoders, etc. For such multichannel measurements of dynamic system behavior, the combined features of an oscilloscope and a data-acquisition recorder are needed.
Industries today must meet several governmental and regulatory standards to ensure product efficiency, safety, comfort, and productivity for homes and businesses. Compliance to standards for standby power consumption (EN 50564 and IEC 62301) or harmonics and flicker (IEC/EN 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-4-7) for different classes of electrical and electronic equipment affects both market validation (fit-for-use) and product differentiation for competitive advantage. A power analyzer that can guarantee its accuracy over specified operating conditions is the ideal solution for this stage. Oscilloscopes and data acquisition instruments are not rated highly for compliance testing due to the lack of guaranteed AC accuracy over the bandwidth of the instrument.
Measurements in production line and field testing have different sets of requirements. It may be necessary to measure energy generated, converted, or consumed along with the effects of harmonics. It may also be required to troubleshoot power consumption in startup, standby, or operation modes, or use high crest factors at every measurement range for capturing inrush currents. This would be best served by power analyzers calibrated to minimize uncertainty within the specified operating ranges. ScopeCorders and DAQ may be useful in this stage if there is a need for collecting data over extended and unattended periods.
Power measurements across instrument types can vary with internal architecture and signal processing capabilities. Choosing the best instrument can depend on the actual measurement(s) required. One consideration is connection to the signal under test. Instruments such as oscilloscopes require a probe for voltage and current connection, which adds additional impairments due to loading. Other instruments such as power analyzers and power scopes have direct connections for voltage and current, allowing for compensation due to thermal drift.
Efficiency measurements involve a comparison of the input to output power of a device. This is more complicated if the input and/ or output have more than one phase. Efficiency is a comparison measurement and to detect the smallest differences requires the most accurate measurement device possible. The power analyzer is the best instrument for this measurement because of the rated accuracy and the guaranteed accuracy over the entire bandwidth range. Additionally, if the output is mechanical power, the power analyzer includes motor inputs to measure a resolver or encoder with high precision.
To read an example of measuring inverter efficiency, click here.
Voltage measurements are impacted by the method of connecting the signal to the measurement device. High voltage signals may be connected directly with safety rated cables, or by using a voltage probe, either single ended or differential. The best probe is one with infinite loading and unlimited bandwidth. It imparts the least amount of attenuation to the actual signal under test. While this probe does not exist, it is important to consider the bandwidth and loading effects of any probe or instrument front end. A power analyzer, Power Scope, and ScopeCorder have direct connections into the front end of the instrument, typically rated to 1000V to eliminate the need to add a probe. Oscilloscopes and data acquisition instruments require the use of passive or active voltage probes, which can impact the magnitude and shape of the voltage waveform being digitized.
Current is typically calculated by measuring the voltage dropped across a shunt resistor. Power analyzers and Power Scopes include integrated shunts for the most accurate current measurements. An internal integrated shunt allows for temperature compensation due to thermal effects.
Other common current measurement solutions include Hall effect clamps, external shunt resistors, Rogowski coils, AC transformer clamps, AC transformers, and fluxgate transformers. Each of these is an external device that can impair the accuracy of the current measurement. The high current measurement application guide highlights the tradeoffs with each solution. For details on using a fluxgate current transformer, click here.
Power measurements are best made with an instrument with the highest resolution, lowest phase error, and guaranteed accuracy. There are some tradeoffs when measuring power with an oscilloscope due to the nature of the sampling architecture. Yokogawa uses the equation below to calculate real or true power by integrating the instantaneous voltage times the instantaneous current over time, T.
The phase relationships of the voltage and current waveforms are very important to capture accurately for the most precise power measurements. The instruments with high scores have integrated de-skew functions to eliminate skew inherent to external probes and long cable lengths. For more details on how a power analyzer calculates power, read the white paper Fundamentals of Electric Power Measurements.
Harmonic measurement is another area in which it is important to specify the accuracy in the context of the application. When left unaccounted for, harmonics can cause capacitance losses, undesired vibrations in motors, transformer losses in no-load conditions, heating losses in conductors at higher frequencies, premature melting of fuses when electronic breakers do not respond at designed levels, and many more. It is vital to equip an engineer with the ability to detect harmonics and assess their effects on components, systems, and subsystems within an application. When measuring harmonics, it is important to ensure the harmonic measurements have a guaranteed accuracy. Additionally, the technique to determine zero crossing and duty cycle is important since many instruments use incomplete cycle data in their harmonic calculations, resulting in spectral leakage. A technique using a phase-locked loop (PLL) can ensure proper zero crossing is used in the harmonic’s calculation. Highly accurate instruments can measure harmonics upwards of the 500th order.
Mechanical power is measured as the motor speed times the motor torque. Speed and torque sensors should be fitted to the motor dynamometer and integrated into the test system. These sensors typically provide an analog voltage output or a frequency style output. Modern power analyzers can accommodate both types and provide support for rotational position sensors such as encoders. The ScopeCorder can calculate the angle of rotation from a resolver.
Testing a device such as a motor powertrain could require measurement of a broad variety of inputs such as a combination of repetitive signals of voltage and current that are input into an inverter, high speed switching signals, control signals for the AC drive, temperature signals from the drive, and mechanical signals from the motor output. Capturing all signals with one instrument can be difficult.
Figure 2. A motor powertrain has many different test points with various signal characteristics that can make the use of one measurement instrument difficult.
The high sampling rate in a digital storage-type instrument allows for a better representation of the input waveform. It is ideal for analyzing single shot events. However, oscilloscopes are not designed for stability and manufacturers do not specify AC uncertainty. When high accuracy is needed, particularly in compliance testing, a streaming or averaging-type power analyzer is usually a better choice as they can achieve accuracies up to 0.01% of reading. Hybrid instruments like the Power Scope, however, can combine waveform analysis together with high accuracy measurement.
While all these instruments can capture the signals for common serial buses, a combination of analog and digital channels, decode packages with built-in intelligence of the signal parameters, advanced triggers, and search capabilities make one better suited to the task. The oscilloscopes and ScopeCorder products are best suited to capturing and analyzing serial bus signals.
Figure 3. Typical oscilloscopes can display and decode multiple bus types.
Mechanical power is measured as the motor speed times the motor torque. There are many different types of speed and torque sensors that can allow integration into a dynamometer. These sensors can provide the speed and torque measurements necessary to calculate the mechanical power in the power analyzer. Calculations of motor speed and torque can be made directly on a power analyzer. The wiring for this measurement depends on the signal type for speed and torque, output as either a pulse or analog signal, or a three-phase encoder pulse represented by phases A, B, and Z. Additionally, the ScopeCorder can calculate the angle of rotation from a resolver.
Figure 4. Torque and motor wiring for a three-phase encoder on a power analyzer.
There are many sensors on a motor drive train, and it is not always cost effective to monitor them with an oscilloscope. A DAQ device will properly measure the sensor output, including thermocouples or thermistors for temperature. These systems will scale to the input requirements for a smaller investment than a new oscilloscope. A ScopeCorder and DAQ device will provide the most flexibility for these measurements.
Every measurement device has some degree of uncertainty, which is why accuracy is normally expressed as a range. Within this range, engineers consider power accuracy as the primary indicator of uncertainty for basic measurement parameters such as voltage, current, phase angle, and power (watts). These parameters may be presented using terms such as “guaranteed accuracy” and “typical accuracy.”
To learn more, please refer to “Accuracy Specifications: Reading it Right with Range.”
*The ScopeCorder has one module that has guaranteed AC accuracy, while the Yokogawa power analyzer and Power Scope has guaranteed accuracy over the entire bandwidth.
What does “typical” mean in this context in terms of watts? The term often is misleading. A typical value is usually a reference value based on a manufacturer’s expectation from its product. In practice, it can be translated as “usually but not always,” “maybe,” “perhaps,” or “possibly.” It is deliberately vague because typical accuracies are neither guaranteed nor traceable to a national calibration standard or accredited calibration laboratory standard. When selecting a power measurement instrument, the prospective user should be sure that the published accuracies are guaranteed rather than typical values.
In power measurement, not enough emphasis is placed on AC accuracy. Often, instruments will guarantee AC accuracy at 50-60 Hz, but more power applications measure signal content outside the 50-60 Hz range due to fundamental frequencies changing per application, and harmonic content at multiples of those frequencies. The ideal instrument will have AC accuracy specified through the entire bandwidth range.
In measurement terms, resolution is the smallest increment that the instrument can indicate or display. The more resolution an instrument has, the more it can resolve differences or details on waveforms. It can be expressed in a few different ways. Since we are working with time domain instruments, the most common is the number of bits. If the frequency domain is used for a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) for harmonics, the resolution can be expressed as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This number of bits is often provided by the manufacturer of the ADC. In an ideal condition, an instrument would have the resolution of the ADC, but noise and distortion will reduce the real resolution of the instrument. To account for this, instrument manufacturers use the term ENOB (effective number of bits) or SINAD (signal plus noise and distortion) to represent the resolution of the system. These are recommended metrics when determining the real resolution. Filters or techniques such as averaging can improve resolution, as well, but come at a tradeoff.
A power analyzer will provide the greatest resolution among measurement instruments at 18-bits, followed by the ScopeCorder at 16-bits. When power measurements require the best accuracy, a power analyzer is recommended.
Isolating functional sections of electrical systems prevents current flow by removing a direct conduction path and eliminating ground loops. Isolation is used where two or more electrical circuits must communicate, but their grounds may be at different potentials. Benefits of isolation include signal-to-noise reduction and improved noise immunity.
Figure 5. Yokogawa's IsoPRO™ uses optical isolation in their power analyzers, PowerScope, and ScopeCorder.
The common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is the rejection by the device of unwanted input signals common to both leads of the voltage input. When two input terminals are connected to each other; the reference point is the device ground. Ideally, this should have no influence on the measurement result, but, in fact, leakage causes an interference voltage as a function of the symmetry of the input circuit. In practical terms, the noise voltage superimposed on the signal to be measured leads to measurement errors. It is important for the customer to consider this error in uncertainty calculations. Common-mode noise is especially present in inverter style applications because of the presence of high voltage potentials with high-frequency components to ground. Yokogawa specifies CMRR for power analyzers. The figure can be used while calculating uncertainties.
For instruments with poor CMRR, a differential probe can be used. With any probe, an additional network is placed in line between the device under test (DUT) and the measurement instrument. The resulting resistive and capacitive loading and potential bandwidth limiting introduce sources of uncertainty.
Banner specifications are important to understand how well your test instrument can meet the basic setup requirements needed on a test stand. The most important specifications to note are bandwidth and input channels.
Bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which the amplitude of the observed signal drops by -3dB, as shown in figure 6.
Figure 6. Bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which amplitude of the observed signal drops by -3dB.
Using bandwidth to select the proper instrument can be tricky because the recommendations of guidelines can depend on the signal under test, measurements being made, and other criteria.
Here are a few considerations:
Input channel types are important to understand when selecting the best instrument. A combination of analog and digital channels is often required. For example, a motor test can require measurements of 3 phase AC channels, 1 channel for DC, inputs for a motor resolver, and digital channels for CANbus.
Analog Channels: Generally the more channels the better, but they come at a cost. Some architectures such as the power analyzer, are modular so more input channels mean more capital cost. Other instruments like an oscilloscope are generally offered in 4 and 8 channel models.
Mixed Signal: For applications requiring the acquisition of both analog and digital channels may prefer the use of a mixed signal oscilloscope to show time correlated waveforms.
Motor Input Channels: Some instruments measure more than just electrical parameters. The motor input channels enable measurements of rotational speed and direction, synchronous speed, slip, torque, mechanical power, electrical angle and motor efficiency from an analog or pulse output of torque sensors or pulse outputs of rotation sensors.
The answer depends entirely upon the needs of the application across its development stages. With oscilloscopes focusing on waveform analysis, power analyzers on accuracy, and hybrids extending that to time domain measurements or flexible data acquisition, adopting a single instrument may call for a compromise on capabilities. That could be easier in some industries or applications than others. If more than one instrument is required, an integrated software experience to simplify measurement collection correlation and storage is a very important consideration.
On today’s market is a variety of instruments that can potentially meet power measurement requirements. Depending on the circumstances, one may need the waveform analysis of an oscilloscope, the high accuracy of a power analyzer, or a hybrid combination of the two with flexible data acquisition added into the mix.
For more information on Yokogawa Power Analyzers and related software, click here.
For more information on Yokogawa Power Scopes and related software, click here.
For more information on Yokogawa Oscilloscopes and related software, click here.
For more information on Yokogawa ScopeCorders and related software, click here.
For more information on Yokogawa data acquisition products and related software, click here.
Review our library of relevant content to further your education.
Still not sure which instrument(s) is best for your measurement needs, speak with a precision maker by submitting an inquiry here.
A compact, battery-powered, touch screen instrument you can take into the field featuring the deep measurement and recording capabilities you need in the lab.
The DL750 ScopeCorder: A new measurement tool combining the functions of an oscilloscope for capturing instantaneous phenomena and a data recorder for monitoring long-term trends.
Combining the capabilities of an Oscilloscope and the characteristics of a Data Acquisition Recorder, the Yokogawa Scopecorder is a versatile tool for engineers making measurements in the industrial, transportation and energy sectors.
An all-in-one electromechanical measurement system offering the deepest measurement and analysis features to turn data into insights.
8 channel mixed-signal oscilloscopes for every engineer in bandwidths of 350 MHz or 500 MHz. Best-in-class performance in usability, acquisition, analysis, and display.
With 0.02% accuracy and 1MHz bandwidth, the WT3000 delivers where the highest precision measurements are required. It is the industry standard for R&D work on inverters, motor drives, lighting systems and electronic ballasts, UPS systems, aircraft power, transformer testing, and other power conversion devices.
A headless ScopeCorder system capable of connecting multiple chassis into one PC-based system.
The WT1800 Power Analyzer offers maximum flexibility with up to six wattmeter elements, high bandwidths, simultaneous high speed digitizing, and wide voltage and current ranges. Although this model is still available, the newer WT1800E offers higher accuracy.
Measure characteristics of devices that generate, transform or consume electricity. Also called power meters or wattmeters, these devices measure parameters such as true power (watts), power factor, harmonics, and efficiency.


text:
Get free shipping on qualified fire pit kits or buy online pick up in store today in the outdoors department. These paving stones give me the look of several smaller bricks but with the convenience of having to lay fewer pavers.
I decided to go with the rockford cotswold mist patio stone pavers.
Fire pit bricks home depot. Here are some fire pit ideas for your yard. H square tile marble mantel lp gas outdoor fire pit. The large 33 50 inch diameter allows for plenty of firewood to get your party started.
You ll need a metal ring that will protect the bricks from fire and heat. This solid steel fire ring is an ideal solution to keep your fire contained. Outdoor fire pits can be small enough to fit on most small patios or.
Place the first row of bricks with the fire pit ring in the center making sure the bricks fit tightly and securely. This guide teaches you how to build a fire pit using concrete pavers or concrete blocks for a quick easy backyard upgrade that can be enjoyed in any season. Fire pit styles today s fire pits are much more sleek and stylish than their name implies.
Plan your first row of fire pit bricks. There were so many beautiful options at the home depot from single pavers to block pavers. The del rio s new design features decorative lava rock for improved flame performance and even heat diffusion.
A wood burning fire pit makes a great outdoor gathering place for friends and family. Camp chef gas fire pits are allowed for use in most fire ban restrictions check with the local ranger station before use. W x 22 5 in.
Installing a fire pit is a diy project that can be configured for your yard s measurements. Use it as an insert for a brick surround or on its own. Endless summer the elizabeth 42 in.
You can complete this diy project using a fire pit kit or concrete blocks from the home depot. Precast concrete is fire safe and engineered to weather the hardest outdoor elements every belvedere firepit kit comes with a steel firepit ring for further protection. Fire pit kits hardscapes the home depot store finder.
These portable fire pits sit low to the ground. The paver patio and fire pit turned out beautifully. This heavy duty fire ring will last you for years to come.
We ll show you how to build a fire pit of your own to enjoy all season long. This pit is a perfect accessory for an evening under the stars on the patio or at your favorite campground. The natural stone look of the belvedere fire pit kittransforms your patio or backyard into an inviting warm retreat.
Wood burning fire pits are a great addition to any yard and offer a cozy spot to sit by the fire and relax in a warm inviting glow. They re made mainly of stone which allows them to easily fit into any yard design. A fire bowl is a large metallic bowl suspended over the ground by a frame.
Its classic style will blend into any outdoor background.

domain: design


Flash flooding surges into Walnut CreekUPDATED 7:18 AM CDT Jun 27, 2014Video Transcript
Storms swept through our area - flooding parks, roads and yards. KCCI's Ryan Smith is live in urbandale tonight - ryan you've been monitoring the high waters along walnut creek. With the additional rain tonight - county officials are keeping a very close eye on the water level at Walnut Creek. It stands just inches shy of flood stage - this park now looks more like a lake - the area is a complete wash out. A mid- afternoon downpour left debris in yards... The water along walnut creek drenched private property. Hay bails stand soaked and park benches are still underwater. But perhaps the most damaging aftermath... A car parked near 144th and Douglas Parkway didn't stand a chance against Thursday's rising water. 5.57 "NOTHING THAT I CAN DO, I JUST HAVE TO LOOK AT IT AND WAIT FOR THE RAIN TO STOP." By the time Tommy Truong got home, it was too late. "THE WATER WAS AT THIS LEVEL. YOU CAN SEE, STILL SEE SOME OF THIS TRASH LEFT ON THIS CAR." His niece's car is a total loss. The interior is soaked along with everything left inside. Debris is crammed into just about every crevice. 9.02 "LOOK INSIDE TO SEE IF ANYTHING THAT WE CAN RECOVER BUT UNLIKELY." Walnut creek is less than one foot from its flood stage. The recreational park to its west is a complete wash out. The Doyle's couldn't resist taking a soaked stroll through the park with their five grandkids. But with plenty of caution. "YOU CAN NOT STEP INTO THE WATER BECAUSE YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT'S UNDER IT AND IF YOU FALL INTO A HOLE, IT'S VERY DANGEROUS, YOU COULD DROWN IN JUST A FEW INCHES OF WATER." Emergency management had quite the obstacle today tracking the creek's water level. The creek's rain gage stopped working - I'm told strong debris likely knocked it out of place.


text:
4 March – 3 April
Venue: Project Ability, 103 Trongate, Glasgow G1 5HD
Gallery Opening Times: Tuesday to Saturday, 10am to 5pm
Born in 1975, Thompson Hall has been a key member of ActionSpace’s Central London studio for over 15 years. He has exhibited widely with ActionSpace and presented his first solo exhibition “Postcards from Brighton” at Brighton Dome in March 2014. Thompson Hall has created a new exhibition entitled “Postcards from Glasgow” especially for the International Summit, which took place in Glasgow from 4 – 6 March.
“Postcards from Glasgow” is a series of vibrant cityscapes depicting landmarks of Glasgow from an outsider’s perspective. Thompson has never been to Glasgow and all of his research and preparatory sketches were done from images in books and on the internet. His paintings convey what he thinks his reaction to the city will be, utilising colour, shape and texture over representation.
ActionSpace’s artist facilitator, Lisa Brown, says “Thompson is a colourist. His work is characterised by the use of intense colour, which becomes the dominant feature of the finished piece. Thompson tends to draw subjects from snippets of life, places he has been to and observations of works at a museum or gallery. He then works with expression and an intuitiveness of mixing and blending of contrasting and complementary colours. His painting style has developed over the years into a unique signature, bursting with colourful and exultant energy. It is a privilege to have watched Thompson grow in confidence with this body of work.”
For more information please contact Project Ability:
Telephone: 0141 552 2822

domain: artistic


text:
- The Lions are going to release cornerback Leigh Bodden, who has only been with the team for one season. Bodden is set to receive an $8.6-million roster bonus in March, so this appears to be the main reason why he is going to be released. The Lions don't want to pay that much money to Bodden simply because it is a lot of money and Bodden underperformed in 2008. He was traded to the Lions in exchange for Shaun Rogers and a third-round pick but never lived up to the hype. That's not completely Bodden's fault, but this move really isn't all that surprising.
- The Lions promoted Cedric Saunders to Vice President of Football Operations, according to FOXSports.com. Saunders came to Detroit with Rod Marinelli in 2006 as the team's Assistant to the Head Coach/Football Operations. In 2007, Saunders was promoted to Director of Football Operations, which was the position he held before being promoted again.
I am definitely underwhelmed by this move since it means another person that contributed to an 0-16 season is getting rewarded for his work. The fact that Saunders will now have more involvement in personnel evaluation worries me. He was close to Marinelli, and I'm sure he had some say in bringing in so many ex-Buccaneers. Those moves proved to be pretty dumb in hindsight, but let's hope he can prove me wrong and show that my assessment is way off.
(By the way, this promotion doesn't appear to have any effect on the hiring of James "Shack" Harris, as the FOXSports.com article mentions that Harris is expected to be hired later this week.)
- Apparently Tony Kornheiser and Michael Wilbon got their panties in a bunch over what WDIV put in its scroller while Matt Millen was on the air during Super Bowl coverage. I can't even believe people are making such a big deal out of it. It's not like WDIV wrote that Millen was a low life piece of trash. They simply pointed out that he was an awful GM and asked for viewers' reaction to him being an analyst. (To answer their question, yes, his time in Detroit hurts his credibility as an analyst. I will never take anything he says about football seriously.)
- There has been quite a bit discussion recently about the possibility of the Lions changing their logo/uniforms by 2010, and that prompted Matt Zelley of zellydesigns.com to come up with a new look of his own for the team. Below is the image he posted in a FanPost about the possibility of a new logo (click to enlarge).
Although I am not necessarily in favor of the Lions making any drastic changes to their logo, I would be 100% in favor of a change if it was to the above logo. Matt Zelley's design takes elements from the current logo and basically modernizes it. I'm not sold on the uniform (I still would rather have Honolulu Blue), but the logo is a great start for sure.
Thursday Notes: Lions Promote Cedric Sanders, Will Release Leigh Bodden
By Sean Yuille

domain: sports


Is The Purple Mattress For You? Purple Mattress Utah
If you need Pressure relief and edge support, then your very best option would be to go through this Purple Mattress review we’ve provided as a purchasing guide for anybody who would like to find out about of the features of the superbly comfortable mattress. The Purple Mattress is a mattress that’s constructed from polymer that is hyper-elastic whilst regulating temperature to provide support and stress relief. What makes the Purple Mattress stand out currently on sale on the sector is the two layers that were solely built to provide support to the consumer and the comfort grid. Purple Mattress Utah
What Are The Pros And Cons Of The Purple Mattress?
• Offers thickness and stability options
• Stress relief
• Motion Isolation
• No Sounds
• Free shipping to the United States
• Ten-year guarantee
• the mattress’ lifespan is unknown
• Somewhat heavy
What Is The Price Of The Purple Mattress?
The Purple Mattress is sold on Amazon for $1,299.00. A lot of buyers feel that the purple mattress is pricey when compared to other mattresses. However, the purchase price could be said to be considerable and affordable when measured against the versatile nature of the mattress. Don’t forget that this mattress is a smart, comfortable mattress that offers edge support and excellent pressure relief whilst regulating your body temperature. The mattress is certain not for everybody, but it’s perfect for people who adore the comfort it have a budget and provides.
What Are The Outstanding Characteristics Of The Purple Mattress?
• High-quality stuff:
The Purple Mattress Is Composed of high-quality elastic Polymer material that is built to last for as long as possible. The cover is made out of Lycra, and a perfect blend of Viscose in addition to Polyester; they are made to be soft to permit for the flow of air to the mattress. The Lycra material found at the cover is used for temperature regulation.
• Super Comfortable layer:
One distinguishing feature of this purple mattress is its Superb comfortable layer that’s grid-shaped, to help with weight distribution and pressure relief. Gives some bounce, which makes it easy for you to turn from one place to the other to the mattress.
• Offers absolute stability:
Another outstanding feature of this mattress is that it is Built to provide the consumer with business support. When their over two users of this mattress in precisely the same time, the polymer grid at the mattress assists in weight distribution and ensures that users are not bothered by any motion.
• Motion Isolation:
Purple Mattress can also be designed with a Technology to create. This comfortable king-size bed offers spine alignment. It also equalizes pressure in the body’s weight so that when others proceed no one feels that the motion of the others sleeping or wake up.
• Free Flow of Air and Temperature Regulation:
The purple mattress is built with free air flow technology And channels which helps to neutralize temperatures. The mattress does not trap heat it retains your body comfortable when sleeping and neutralizes temperatures. The Lycra material discovered on the cover is constructed for temperature regulation. Purple Mattress Utah
Non-Toxic Mattress, • Antimicrobial:
One feature of the purple mattress is It Is an Mattress that has no artificial doesn’t contain and germicides. It’s built with Polymer materials which protects the mattress against allergens and dust mites and are safe to use. The Purple mattress is licensed by CertiPUR at the USA.
• Smart-Comfortable Grid:
Also, this Exceptional mattress is made with a smart-comfort grid System that provides supports based upon the pressure offered to it. It features each user a unique sleep experience.
• Ten years guarantee:
The company offers ten years guarantee to its users. The Warranty period commences on the date of purchase and covers repair or replacement option.
Which Are The Specifications Of The Purple Mattress?
Model Title – Purple Mattress
Sizes – Double X.L, Complete, Queen, King, & California King
Base – 4 inches of poly-foam with a 2-lb density.
Weight – 144 pounds
Item Dimension – 78 x 16 x 16 inches
Model Number – TPB-K-01
Shipping Weight – 144 Lbs
Dimensions (L x W x H) – 78 x 60 x 9
Latex Foam – No
Fight Bounciness – Yes
Retains Warmth – No
How Can I Take Care Of Your Purple Mattress Cover?
The cover of this purple mattress may become dirty after long Use, however the fantastic news is that this cover is washable. Use a high-efficiency washer with detergent and cold water to wash. With air dry, lightly dry after wash on blows cool air which The mattress cover. It requires few bicycles to your cover to be dry you are able to replace on your mattress.
What Are Consumers About This Item?
Posted on Amazon, the Product scored 4.2 stars out of 5. This is very good for an expensive product like the purple mattress. There are 216 reviews that are negative and 560 testimonials. Most customers who gave reviews love the Purple Mattress due to the sheet, the high quality substances utilized in creating its firmness, the motion isolation, its edge support, the superb comfort it provides and the product. Indeed, the purple mattress is a product which provides the user with motion isolation, firm support, and pressure relief. On the other hand, the reviews on Amazon can result from simple issues which might have been avoided if the manual had been gone through by the consumer. Here’s the breakdown of this review on Amazon. Purple Mattress Utah
5 star – 63%
4 star – 9%
3 celebrity – 6 percent
2 star – 6 percent
1 star – 16%
If you are currently looking for a mattress That Provides pressure Relief, motion isolation, temperature regulation and is super comfortable You should buy the purple mattress. The Purple Mattress is made of a High-quality elastic polymer that offers support and super grid To it user.


Senior Product Care Engineer
The Senior Product Care Engineer is responsible for providing engineering support and continuous improvement in terms of cost reduction, quality improvement and provides technical support to the factory on short-term product related problems. To develop required design and modifications in sake of product quality improvement and direct material cost reduction projects. Ensuring that all plans requirements are fulfilled, and will act as a liaison between the project and all technical teams . Ensuring that the product maintenance plans are successfully completed on time and within the required cost, and that the requirements are at an acceptable level of quality
Responsibilities you will be having
- Develop new ideas, increase work accuracy and reduce errors using programming tools to improve work performance
- Establish, maintain and ensure design quality of products within the required level either for our product or Imported items
- Support ramp-up of projects and develop awareness through effective communication, track and resolve issues and address and mitigate project risks
- Lead the development of the product for the technical part and get the required and appropriate approvals to guarantee that work processes are met within the plan
- Participate in project planning, execution , control and closeout concerning the technical aspect of the product
- Reference person for Plant Manager and MT being the interface of R&D towards factory.
- Provide technical support to factory on product relate problems
- PNCs and ANCs Design Management based on business needs
- Coordinate with detailing department in order to prepare the required designs for products and to ensure of the availability of these ideas for implementation
- Coordinate with prototype department in order to prepare PNCs and ANCS prototypes then execute the testing to guarantee the effectiveness of these new PNCs models
- Regularly review and report on project status with respect to objectives, budget, scope and cost to ensure the project within planned scope
- Responsible for competences development and allocation: Quality, Costing, Drawing
Who you are
- B.Sc. In Mechanical/ Production Engineering
- Experience in product design & development 2-5 years.
- Mastering Robust design tools using (CAD, FMEA, DFMA, tolerances analysis etc. ) to Develop 2D,3D CADs , prototypes
- Attentive to Details : detail oriented and you can also translate this into meaningful, useful conclusion that informs continuous improvement
- Communicative – You build trust, good working relationships and communicate effectively with your colleagues and across functions.
- Innovative- Apply your knowledge and new ways of thinking to innovate new ways of working.


Earlier, Jon Prosser who is basically known for claiming the exact information of the upcoming smartphones once said that Samsung will hold a new product launch conference on August 10, releasing two folding screen phones, the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 and Flip 4.
Now, according to the information, the colors and the storage variant of the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 has now appeared in the latest leak.
Evleaks (Evan Blass) a popular Twitter tipster has shared the variant information of the upcoming foldable phone Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4.
He mentioned that the new phone will be different from the black, green, and silver colors of the previous generation, this time the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 will be available in beige, gray-green, Burgundy red, and black colors.
— Evan Blass (@evleaks) July 13, 2022
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 Storage Information:
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 will debut with the 128GB, 256GB, and 512GB versions, and there is no 1TB version. Also, there has news that the 1TB version of the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 May only is available in certain countries.
As per the recent leaks, the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 has been certified by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and @OnLeaks collaborated with SmartPrix to release a 3D CAD rendering of the Galaxy Z Fold 4.
Meanwhile, Samsung mainland South Korea doesn’t support the eSIM. According to the new report, the Galaxy Z Fold 4 and Galaxy Z Flip 4 will be the first eSIM-compatible smartphones to be launched in South Korea.


text:
Hospital consolidation has been linked to a decline in inpatient pediatric services, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics. Joining a health system increases the likelihood of hospitals ceasing inpatient pediatric care, impacting access to services for children. Policymakers should consider this when evaluating proposed hospital mergers and acquisitions. Further research is needed to examine the effects of inpatient unit closures on pediatric care, the variations in consolidation types, and the impact on child health outcomes and costs.
A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics suggests that policymakers should carefully consider the consequences of hospital consolidation on inpatient pediatric services when evaluating proposed mergers and acquisitions. Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that joining a health system was associated with a loss of inpatient pediatric services at hospitals, indicating that hospital consolidation can affect access to care for children.
Over the past few decades, there has been a trend of centralizing inpatient pediatric services, possibly due to the closure of pediatric units at small, rural hospitals. With the ongoing acceleration of hospital consolidation, the researchers aimed to investigate whether joining a hospital system leads to the closure of pediatric units as a cost-saving measure or provides an opportunity for small facilities to maintain these services.
The researchers gathered data from the American Hospital Association (AHA) annual surveys conducted between 2011 and 2020. They analyzed information from 5,104 hospitals, representing 46,841 hospital years. The findings revealed that the proportion of hospitals offering inpatient pediatric services declined from 41.5 percent to 32.6 percent during the study period.
The primary analysis focused on 1,088 hospitals, out of which 235 (21.6 percent) joined a hospital system during the study period. It was observed that hospitals that became part of a system were more likely to discontinue inpatient pediatric services within five years, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.57. This association remained statistically significant when following up with hospitals after four years, but it was not as apparent in shorter follow-up durations.
These findings highlight how hospital consolidation worsens the already limited availability of inpatient pediatric services in the United States. Policymakers should take into account the potential loss of these services when assessing proposed hospital mergers and acquisitions, according to the researchers. Additionally, further research should explore the impact of inpatient unit closures on access to pediatric acute care, how the effects of consolidation vary based on the type of consolidation, and how hospital consolidation affects child health outcomes and costs.
Previous studies have reported diverse consequences of healthcare mergers and acquisitions. For instance, one study found that hospital mergers were associated with reduced mortality rates for conditions like myocardial infarction, heart failure, acute stroke, and pneumonia in rural hospitals. The American Hospital Association states that hospital mergers and acquisitions also lead to cost reductions, including operating expenses and revenue per admission.
However, it is worth noting that hospital mergers can potentially impede market competition and result in increased prices, as stated by America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP). Another study found that hospital acquisitions had no significant impact on quality of care measures, such as hospital readmissions and mortality rates.

domain: literature


Wichita State Shockers (6-2) at Houston Cougars (8-1)
College Basketball: Wednesday, January 6, 2021 at 8:00 pm (Fertitta Center)
The Line: Houston Cougars -11.5 -- Over/Under: 134.5 Click to Get Latest Betting Odds
The Wichita State Shockers and the Houston Cougars meet in college basketball action from the Fertitta Center on Wednesday night.
The Wichita State Shockers will look to build on a huge 83-79 win over Ole Miss on the road to improve to 6-2 on the year. Tyson Etienne leads the Shockers in scoring with 17 PPG while Alterique Gilbert is 2nd in scoring and tops in assists with 11.6 PPG and 3.3 APG this season to make up the pair of double-digit scorers for Wichita State coming into this game. Trey Wade, Ricky Council IV and Clarence Jackson each have 5+ RPG this season while Morris Udeze has 8.1 PPG and Dexter Dennis has 7.1 PPG for the Shockers. As a team, Wichita State is averaging 74.9 PPG on 41% shooting from the field, 32.3% from 3-point range and 68.8% from the foul line while allowing opposing teams to average 67.5 PPG on 39% shooting from the field and 28.5% from 3-point range this season.
The Houston Cougars will look to build off of their convincing 74-60 win over SMU on the road last time out to climb to 8-1 on the year. Quentin Grimes leads the Cougars in scoring with 17.7 PPG while adding 7 RPG and Marcus Sasser has 15.3 PPG as the only other double-digit scorer for Houston coming into this matchup. Tramon Mark has 9.6 PPG and Dejon Jarreau has 9.2 PPG with 5.8 RPG and a team-high 3.4 APG this season. Justin Gorham also has a team-high 8.8 RPG for the Cougars on the year. As a team, Houston is averaging 73.7 PPG on 40.8% shooting from the field, 30.9% from 3-point range and 74.2% from the foul line while allowing opposing teams to average 56.3 points on 37.8% shooting from the field and 24.5% from 3-point range this season.
Houston is 18-7-1 ATS in their last 26 road games and 3-0-1 ATS in their last 4 games overall while the under is 5-2 in their last 7 games following a win. Houston is 5-2 ATS in their last 7 games overall and 7-3 ATS in their last 10 home games while the under is 4-1 in their last 5 games against a team with a winning record. The underdog is 4-1 ATS in the last 5 meetings between these two teams.
I think it goes without saying that the Cougars present the stiffest test in terms of an opposing defense that Wichita State has faced up to this pint. However, this is a lot of points to be giving up to a Wichita State team that’s hung around and beat some of the big boys already this season and the Cougars won both of last year’s meetings handily and I doubt that Wichita State forgot about those games. Also, the loss of Caleb Mills from Houston’s lineup after opting out is a sizeable one. I just think this is a game that finishes as an 8-9 point Houston win, not double figures so give me Wichita State and the points here.


Saudi Youth Invents Unique Bicycle
Riyadh: A Saudi youth has created a unique bicycle that is attracting increasing attention amongst local cyclists. The bicycle is lit with a projector lamp with a five-meter range, connected by cables covering the bike structure and linked to a generator with a capacity of three volts. The initiative was born out of a desire to reduce collisions by providing cyclists with ample light to accompany their journey and encourage them to venture outdoors.
The 33-year-old Bandar Al-Anzi, a graduate of Dammam Technical College and an employee at a private company said, “The aim of this idea is to prevent motorists from colliding with bike riders while driving at night, and to avert accidents caused by bad vision on dusty or foggy days. I provided a light bulb, powered by a battery with a lifetime of four hours per day.”
Al-Anzi pointed out that he added this special equipment and has been using it the past year and a half; it cost him only around SR 450. He said that people liked and expressed their interest in the illuminated bike, which he dubbed “Hajeen”.
(Reported by Uhud Al Utaibi, Arab News)


text:
Whenever we drive through a town, I can’t help but imagine ourselves living there for a moment. Is this the place we will come back to after our wandering?
The farming communities on the border of Navarra and Aquitaine are picturesque; big and broad homes with white walls and wood trim painted in green or red. Sometimes there is a flock of sheep and a small garden close to the side. This is the Basque heartland, and it is like a fairytale.
We stopped in Elizondo, in Baztan Valley two days ago and walked around a bit before finding a hiking trail and a camping spot on a nearby hill. Yesterday, we drove further north toward the border to Zugarramurdi. The caves of Zugarramurdi are where pagan rituals were organized, and the Spanish Inquisition accused 300 townspeople of being witches around 1610.
We then crossed the border into France. After so many border towns in West Africa and South America, this was a little surreal. No gate, no customs, no Spanish or French authorities, nothing. Welcome to Schengen Area.
Now it’s time for us to remember all the French we’ve forgotten since leaving Mauritania. À la prochaine fois!
Navarra is breathtaking; lush hills and valleys, villages and churches built with ancient stone, a distinctive Roman bridge, wind turbines, and the requisite Basque aupa in response to hola! While we just arrived from Logroño yesterday, I’m astounded by how much there is to see just outside Pamplona. I read Navarra leads Europe in the use of renewable energy and Spain in education.
We spent yesterday night near Artazu, a village on the Arga river. The air was much warmer than the night before, and we opened the back door of the van to take advantage of our new two burner camping stove.
The next morning we walked a loop around our camping spot next to a small ermita meeting some Sunday cyclists on the way back. We did our daily cleaning (hand broom, vacuum, shake dog bed, etc.) and took off. A few kilometers away is Puente La Reina. It’s the meeting point of the camino francés and camino aragonés and there are guest houses and restaurants catered towards pilgrims.
We stopped at Casa Martija mostly to charge the MacBook but enjoyed a delicious vegetarian torta de txantxigorri with a coffee. As we walked through the town, signs of the massive national huelga feminista were everywhere. It is amazing to see how much feminism permeates even small towns.
Finding a good camping spot can be tricky some days. We try heading down a bumpy road only for it to lead nowhere. Or we rely too much on coordinates found on a van camping app and it ends up being underwhelming.
But other times, we find those gems through no doing of our own; empty patches next to rivers tucked away, or a dirt road winding up into farmland outside the city. We’ve learned a lot camping through California to Oklahoma and with the van in Andalusia. One things keeps resonating with us; don’t force anything.
On our way back from the afternoon’s walk, we were treated to grandeur.

domain: travel


text:
Thermostable and Alkaline xylanasefrom an alkaliphilic ActinomyceteBy: Amare SirawE-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org JULY, 2006
IntroductionIntroduction xylan is the major constituent of hemicellulose is a hetero-polysaccharide usually having a branching chain it composed of a β-1,4 xylopyranoside backbone It can be hydrolyzed to its component sugars using mineralacids or enzymes
Hydrolysis of xylan to its constituent sugars is brought aboutby different enzymes which act cooperatively (Figure 1)Intro…cont’dIntro…cont’d Endo xylanase :randomly cleave xylan back bone ∝-L-Arabinosidase :hydrolysis L-arabinose side ∝-Glucuronidase : hydrolysis glucronic acid Acetyl esterase :deacetylation of acetylated xylan β-Xylosidase: hydrolysis xylooligosaccharides in to xylose
Intro… Cont’dIntro… Cont’d Pulp and paper industrybleaching of kraft pulp – reduction of toxic chemicals needed for ligninextraction Animal diet– hydrolysis of highly viscous arabinoxylans – improvement ofdigestibity of fodders based on cereals Bakery– improvement of dough handling, bread volume and texture bydecreasing polymerization of arabinoxylans in flour – change in thequality of baked products
Intro…cont’dIntro…cont’d Solid- State Fermentation :fermentation involving solids inabsence (or near absence) of free water less effluent generation, requirement for simple fermentationequipments, lower capital investment and lower operating cost uses agro-industrial residues, which have cheaper cost, as asubstrate sources. Why searching of alkaline xylanase is needed to day? In recent years a great deal of attention is given on alkalineactive xylanases
Intro… cont’dIntro… cont’d Most xylanase studied to date are optimally active at, or near,mesophilic temperatures (approximately 40-60 0C) andneutral pHs (Belancie et al., 1995; Khandeparkar and Bhosle,2006). only few xylanase with optimum temperature for activityexceeding 70 0C and above pH 9 have been reported (AmareGessesse, 1998; Gashaw Mamo et al., 2006; Khandeparkar andBhosle, 2006). Most xylanases, which are active and stable at alkaline pH andhigher temperature, are obtained from xylanolytic microoganismsfrom extreme environments
ObjectivesObjectives To isolate xylanase producing alkaliphilicTo isolate xylanase producing alkaliphilicactinomycetes from Lakeactinomycetes from Lake Abjata and characterize theand characterize thecrude enzyme to determine potential application.crude enzyme to determine potential application. production of xylanase of actinomycete sp AS-19 inproduction of xylanase of actinomycete sp AS-19 insolid-state fermentation using agro wastes assolid-state fermentation using agro wastes assubstrate.substrate.
Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from Lake Abjata Isolation and enumeration of actinomycetes were performedusing Starch-Casein Agar, The plates were incubated at 30 and 37 oC for 5- 7 days All isolates were identified as actinomycetes based onmorphological characteristics following Williams and Cross(1971) and Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology(Micheal, 1986).
Materials ….cont’dMaterials ….cont’d Screening for xylanase production All pure isolates of actinomycetes were inoculated for 5 -7 days of incubation the plates were flooded with 0.1 aqueous Congo red Solutionand rinsed with 1M NaCl (Teather and Woo, 1982). all isolates that were positive for xylanase production on xylanagar plates were grown in liquid culture on rotary shaker (120rpm at 37 0C)
Materials … cont’dMaterials … cont’d Effect of moisture level: tested by varying the wheatbran to moisture ratio in the range of 1:0.5 to1:4(w/w). Effect of carbon sources :evaluated by supplementing5 % (w/w) of different carbon with wheat bran Effect of incubation temperature: studied by incubating at differenttemperature (Ambient Temperature, 30, 37 oC) for 72 h
Materials…cont’dMaterials…cont’d Effect of metal ions: tested by incubating the crude enzyme inthepresence of 1 m M solution of different metal ions Xylanase assay : Enzyme activity was assayed following thedinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method (Miller, 1959One unit of xylanase activity was defined as the amount ofenzyme that released 1µ mol of reducing sugar equivalent toxylose per minute
Materials…cont’dMaterials…cont’dEffect of pH and temperature on xylanase activity: The effect of pH on xylanase activity was determined at variouspHs (4- 10). To test the pH stability, enzyme was incubated for 1h at variouspHs( 4- 10). Residual enzyme activity was assayed at pH 9following standard assay condition The effect of temperature on xylanase activity was assessed byincubating under standard assay conditions the reactionmixtures at different temperatures in the range of 35 to 90 oC.
Materials…cont’dMaterials…cont’d Thermostability incubating the enzyme sample for 1 h at varioustemperatures between 40 to 90 oC in 50 m M glycine -NaOHbuffer (pH 9).then, Residual enzyme activity was assayed atpH 9 following standard assay condition Enzyme extractionThe enzyme from each flask was extracted using 100 ml distilledwater. The extract was centrifuged and the clearsupernatant was used as the enzyme source.
Results and DiscussionsResults and Discussions A total of 77 aerobic alkaliphile actinomycetes (slide 1) Twenty-seven strains (35%) formed detectable clear zone on solidmedia (Table 3). A total of 11 isolates produced appreciable xylanase activity in liquidculture, out of which 6 produced xylanse activity greater than 1U. great majority of xylanase producing alkaliphilic strains known so farbelong to genus Bacillus (Subramniyan and Prema, 2000), thisstudy showed that alkaliphilic actinomycetes might also be importantsource of alkaline active xylanase
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d The enzyme was optimally active between 70-80 0C (Fig 2). At 850C it retained about 90% of the optimum temperature while at 900C it retained 67%.
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d The enzyme was stable at temperatures of 50 to 80 0C. At 90 0C,the enzyme retained 47.5% of it original activity (Fig 3a) The enzyme showed good stability at both temperature and pHvalues . After 4h incubation at 75 0C it retained 77.7 and 58.6% ofits original activity at pH 9 and 10, respectively. After 4h at 80 0Cit retained 54 and 58.7% of its original activity at pH 9 and 10respectively (Fig 3b).
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d The xylanase showed to be active in a wide range of pH. Theoptimum pH for activity was at pH 8.5 to 10, and over 70% of thepeak activity was displayed between pH 7 and 10(Fig 4a). The xylanase was stable at pH 8 to 10 (Fig 4b).At pH 7, 56% ofthe original activity was retained.
Results… cont’dResults… cont’d In the kraft process of pulp production, the pulp prior to the normalbleaching operation has an alkaline pH and high temperature(Roncern et al., 2005) Most xylanase known to date are optimally active at temperaturebelow 50 0C and act in acidic or neutral pH (Blanco et al., 1995). The use of alkaline active xylanases allows direct enzymatictreatment of the alkaline pulp and avoids the cost incurring andtime consuming steps of pH re-adjustment So far only few xylanase with optimum temperature for activityexceeding 70 0C and above pH 9 have been reported (AmareGessesse, 1998; Gashaw Mamo et al., 2006; Khandeparkar andBhosle, 2006)
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d Among those metal ions, HgCl2 and ZnSO4 showed stronginhibition while FeSO4, MgSO4 and CaCl2 resulted in partialinhibition (Table 4). A lot of impurities like metal ions, which can potentially inhibit theactivity of xylanase, exist in industrial wastes Thus, in view of processing impure pulp and other environmentalapplication, the resistance of AS-19 xylanase to different metalions could be attractive
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d The rate of substrate degradation by xylanase was rapidbetween 10 and 30 min and 20- 50 min was for birch wood andoat spelt xylan and attained its stationary phase after 30 min and50 min, respectively (Fig 5) This might suggest that AS-19 xylanase do have high bindingaffinity to birch wood xylan than oat spelt xylan.
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d under SSF, in addition to xylanase the organism producedcellulase, and amylase but protease activity was not observed (Table 5). The absence of protease is advantageous The presence of amylase together with xylanase could be seenas advantageous The presence of cellulase do have both advantage anddisadvantage
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d Maximum activity was detected at 30 0C . The amount of enzymeproduced at Ambient Temperature was 95.8 % of that producedat 30 0C ( Table 6). Maximum production at lower temperatures → can reduce therate of evaporation during incubation Enzyme production is possible with out incubation instrumentand this in turn could reduce the cost of enzyme production
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d The highest xylanase production was observed in wheat bran–to-moisture ratio of 1:1.5. With increasing moisture level, enzymeproductivity was decreased (Fig 7). Enzyme production was decreasing with increasing moisturelevel of the substrate, which could be attributed to a reduction inthe degree of aeration with increasing moisture level.
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d Among the six different sugars tested, birch wood xylan wasfound to increase the enzyme activity slightly (110%), where asariabinose, glucose, lactose and xylose were found to decreasethe enzyme activity (Table 7). might be due to catabolite repression of the xylanase production wheat bran supplied enough nutrients without any need foraddition of expensive supplements.
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d Maximum xylanase production was observed when wheat branwas used as a substrate (Table 8 ). Enzyme production on sugarcan bagass showed 83.5% of production on wheat bran. about 30-40% of the production cost taken by growth substrate(Kulkarni et al., 1999).
ConclusionConclusion Actinomycete sp AS-19 produces an alkaline xylanase, havinglow level cellulolytic activity. The enzyme is active and stable upto 80 oC in alkaline solution (pH 9.0). The enzyme is also optimally active and stable in a broad pHrange (8.5-10). These characteristics are important in enzyme-assisted kraft pulpbleaching in paper and pulp processing because theseconditions of temperature and pH are similar to those of pulpproduced in paper industry
Conclution…cont’dConclution…cont’d Strain AS-19 produced relatively its maximum xylanase in wheatbran that used as substrate source. The strain grows in high pH value this can reduce the level ofcontamination, as few organisms are capable of growing underalkaline growth condition.
Results…cont’dResults…cont’d Maximum enzyme production was observed from 24 h up to 72h(138U/g). Further incubation after this time showed a gradualdecline in the xylanase production (Fig 6). allow appreciable reduction in the production cost of the enzymeand products can be found in short period of time
Figure 1 Structure of xylan and enzyme cleavage sitesSlide 3

domain: chemistry


Our versatile water bowsers are designed to meet your needs, whether for on-site or highway tow applications. With the option to choose dust suppression or regular water supply options, our water bowsers offer a convenient solution for various projects. Keep your sites hydrated and dust-free with our reliable water bowsers, ensuring a cleaner and safer environment. If you’re looking to hire a water bowser, get in touch today to book.
|137.79 x 61.42 x 53.15 inches
3,500 x 1,560 x 1,350 mm
|772 / 3,307 lbs
350 / 1,500 kg
|Optional Dust Suppression
|The option of gravity fed or with a petrol pump
|Option of road or site towable


By Marsbed H. Hablanian
Supplying a simple knowing of every vital subject in vacuum technological know-how and expertise, this e-book concentrates on pumping concerns, emphasizes the habit of vacuum pumps and vacuum structures, and explains the relationships among pumps, instrumentation and high-vacuum approach functionality. The ebook delineates the technical and theoretical elements of the topic with no entering into too deep. It leads readers during the subtleties of vacuum expertise with no utilizing a dissertation on arithmetic to get them there. an engaging mix of easy-to-understand technician-level details mixed with engineering info and formulae, the ebook presents a non-analytical creation to excessive vacuum know-how.
Read or Download High-vacuum technology: a practical guide PDF
Similar mechanical engineering books
Das in dritter Auflage erscheinende Buch beschreibt die physikalischen Grundlagen des Spanens nach neusten Erkenntnissen der Forschung. Damit verknüpft werden wichtige Bereiche der dadurch möglichen Anwendungen, wie Hochgeschwindigkeitsspanen, Hochleistungsspanen, Trockenbearbeitung und Hartbearbeitung (Hartdrehen und -fräsen), vorgestellt.
A brand new variation of the authoritative, single-source guide to the choice, layout, specification, and install of flowmeters measuring liquid, gasoline, and steam flows. Miller (president, RW Miller Consulting) provides the main details on seven-place equation constants and simplifying equations and comprises many examples, graphs, and tables to aid increase functionality, and store time and fee.
A few two hundred years after the unique invention, inner layout of a Stirling engine has emerge as thought of a consultant activity, calling for large event and for entry to stylish machine modelling. The low parts-count of the kind is negated by means of the complexity of the fuel techniques in which warmth is switched over to paintings.
This publication is the offspring of a summer time institution institution “Macroscopic and big scalephenomena: coarse graining, suggest box limits and ergodicity”, which was once held in 2012 on the collage of Twente, the Netherlands. the point of interest lies on mathematically rigorous tools for multiscale difficulties of actual origins.
- CRC handbook of engineering tables
- Engineering Materials. Volume 2
- Tensor Analysis and Continuum Mechanics
- Mechanical Engineers' Handbook
- Materials for engineers and technicians
- Valve handbook
Additional resources for High-vacuum technology: a practical guide
T. M. S. Patent 2,146,025, 1936. 27. R. H. David and A. S. Davatia, Rev. Sci. , 25(12), 1193 (1954). 28. L. D. Hall, Rev. Sci. , 29(5), 367 (1958). 29. W. F. S. Patent 2,755,014, filed April 1953. 30. L. D. S. Patent 2,993,638, filed July 1957. 31. G. F. Weston, Vacuum, 28(5), 209 (1978). 32. W. E. Gifford and H. O. McMahon, Adv. Cryog. , 5, 354, 1959. Page 14 33. T. E. Madey, History of Vacuum Science and Technology, American Vacuum Society, New York, 1984. 34. P. A. , Vacuum Science and Technology, Pioneers of the 20th Century, AIP Press (1994).
3 × 10-8 cm). , from hydrogen to mercury), the extent of the atom or molecule is nearly the same.
Kuppan Handbook of Thermoplastic Piping System Design, Thomas Sixsmith and R. Hanselka Handbook of Materials Selection for Engineering Applications, edited by George T. Murray Mechanical Engineering Software Spring Design with an IBM PC, Al Dietrich Mechanical Design Failure Analysis: With Failure Analysis System Software for the IBM PC, David G. Ullman Page i High-Vacuum Technology A Practical Guide Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Marsbed H. Hablanian Varian Associates, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts MARCEL DEKKER, INC.


text:
The New York Times has recently run an article describing the hookup culture on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania. It is a sad and empty situation in which, "Women said universally that hookups could not exist without alcohol, because they were for the most part too uncomfortable to pair off with men they did not know well without being drunk." Not surprisingly, it is also a culture that generates coercion and sexual assault.
Mona Charen has written a commentary about the New York Times piece in which she observes that the culture is trying to sell the notion that liberated women love casual, meaningless sex. However the "liberation" described in the New York Times article hardly sounds like a great advance for the well being of women.

domain: sociology


text:
Visit our Pinterest board to find favorite hearty casserole recipes.
Attend a show for a fun and unique night out where you can learn new skills and make memories that'll last a lifetime!
Discover the country's best flavors!
Placing your thumbs on the fruit or vegetable, move the blade of a paring or utility knife toward you.
Place candy on a table fork or a special two-tined candy fork; dip into the melted chocolate to…
Read more »
Place a baking dish in a larger baking pan or dish, then place on rack in oven. Using a kettle…
Our 10 most popular recipes for the month delivered right to your inbox!
Please Select Username to appear on public areas of the site like community and recipe comments.

domain: food


text:
Headshots & Creative Shots for a well rounded portfolio of content
- 4 hr 30 min4 hours 30 minutes
- 695 Canadian dollars$695
- Davies Avenue
15% of January Shoots, if booked in December! ProPack offer's various lighting styles to get "different" looking photos for your portfolio. Some images will have "headshot style lighting" and some will have "model style lighting". We get to spend 4.5hrs capturing everything and you can change your hair&makeup often. Only Gallery 1080p Proofs (not watermarked) Retouching $19.99ea Hair and Makeup artist is avail at their "half-day" rate. This can be anywhere from $250-$350 depending on the artist.
A non-refundable deposit is used to secure your date and time. Cancelations or rescheduling forfeits the deposit.


from The Webster Times, 11 May 1934 (Volume 1 #34),
| THE TWO SURVIVORS
If the health of the two men permit, and their determination prevails, Webster will see two survivors of the Civil War, the last two members of Nathaniel Lyon Post, G. A. R., in the annual exercises of this day, but so many things might interfere. The day itself may not be of a nature to permit their attending; the health of either may upset their plans. But if all goes well, Elias B. Wakefield and Christian Holley will be seen, if only briefly, wearing their uniforms of blue, in the parade that marks the 1934 Memorial Day.
They will not march as they have on so many other years. Marching days have long since passed for the veterans of the Civil War, and their appearance, if all goes well, will be in an automobile. It will be a spectacle to stir the blood of every American, to see these two men, the sole remaining epresentatives of the Civil War, in the Memorial Day parade. May all go well with them, may the skies be bright, that they may accomplish their purpose.


text:
New Video Game Releases: What Gamers Want for the Week of 9-29-14
One thing is clear about this week’s new video game releases, and that’s the fact that there are a ton of them. The big name releases for the week are Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor, which releases for the Xbox One, Xbox 360, PS4, PS3, and PC, as well as Forza Horizon 2, which is an Xbox One and Xbox 360 exclusive.
If AAA releases aren’t your bag, then you’ll be happy to know that a plethora of smaller titles are coming out this week to keep your ADD riddled brain occupied. Sherlock Holmes: Crimes and Punishment is releasing for multiple platforms, while Outland, Cosmochoria, Shadow Puppeteer, Tiny Keep, Star Drive 2, Space Noir, and Final Horizon are all releasing for PC only.
The PlayStation family of consoles and handhelds are getting more than a few new releases this week. Pier Solar and the Great Architect, Invizimals: The Alliance, Hotline Miami 2, Forma.8 (Wii U and PC too), Pavilion, Race the Sun, and Super Exploding Zoo are all releasing for the PS4, PS Vita, PS3, or a combination of the three.
Other multi platform releases include: Persona 4 Arena Ultimate, Falling Skies The Game, Chariot, Tetris Ultimate, and Watch Dogs: Bad Blood.
Finally, Nintendo fans that have been dying to play Super Smash Bros. will be able to do so this Friday when it releases for the 3DS.
Based on a gameplay preview I experienced at PAX Prime, and the early reviews, Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is a no brainer to pick up this week. Forza Horizon 2 is also an excellent video game, so racing game fans should definitely plan on picking it up. You can’t really go wrong with Super Smash Bros. either, so choose wisely between these three, or go all in and pick each one up to ensure you never see the light of day again.
September 29, 2014 New Releases
- Shadow Puppeteer
- Tiny Keep
September 30, 2014 New Releases
- Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor
- Forza Horizon 2
- Sherlock Holmes: Crimes and Punishment
- Star Drive 2
- Space Noir
- Final Horizon
- Pier Solar and the Great Architect
- Invizimals: The Alliance
- Hotline Miami 2
- Race the Sun
- Super Exploding Zoo
- Persona 4 Arena Ultimate
- Falling Skies The Game
- Tetris Ultimate
- Watch Dogs: Bad Blood
October 3, 2014 New Releases
- Super Smash Bros.
“Making you a better geek, one post at a time!”

domain: entertainment


text:
This is really special. I have one fabulous complete set of the brilliant “Prime Suspect” series from the BBC and PBS, starring Helen Mirren as police detective Jane Tennison. USA Today called it “A masterpiece” and “A perfect marriage of astoundingly talented actress and brilliantly conceived character.” The Washington Post raved, “One of the great character creations of our time.” It is a gritty drama about a dedicated woman who faces challenges to her authority inside the department as well as the challenges in solving crimes outside. Mirren is unforgettable as Tennison. You might not want to work for her but if someone happened to someone you cared about, you’d want her on the case. The show has won a basketful of awards including Emmys, Golden Globes, and the prestigious Peabody.
Send me an email at firstname.lastname@example.org and tell me which Helen Mirren role is your favorite. I will select a winner at random one week from today. Good luck!
And so, when the movie opens, showing us Salt/Jolie being tortured by North Koreans, wearing nothing but her scanties, all of that comes along with whatever we are learning about her character. She is fierce and brave and will do anything it takes to protect her home. Once she is rescued, she holds it together until she sees who it was who insisted on getting her out, not the CIA, which has strict procedures for calculating the greater good, but her German boyfriend Mike (August Diehl), a scientist specializing in spiders.
Five years later, she has a desk job at a CIA cover organization and is getting ready to celebrate her wedding anniversary when a Russian guy shows up with an offer to provide information. He says that Salt is a Russian spy and is about to kill the Russian president (yes, I know that does not seem to make much sense). Her long-time colleague Ted (Liev Schreiber) believes she is telling the truth when she says she is loyal to America. But another official named Peabody (Chiwetel Ejiofor) wants her investigated. Salt runs. It could be because she thinks Mike is in danger or because she does not trust Peabody. Or it could be that the Russian was right.
The chase and fight scenes are well staged, especially when Salt leaps across the tops of trucks as they race along a highway. But the absurdity of the plot is made even harder to accept because Jolie’s dignified diligence seems so out of step with the film’s tone. The Jolie of “Tomb Raider” and even “Gone in 60 Seconds” knew how to have fun on screen. But the wild child era is over, and even in film these days, Jolie seems to want to go for the gravitas. If so, this is the wrong movie.
The Daily Beast has a great gallery of villain fashion. Sean Macaulay writes very perceptively about what we learn from the way the bad guys dress.
The key to any great supervillain–and why we secretly like them–is that they are not destroyers, at heart, but creators. They don’t want riches or power, they want to realize a vision. They are arrogant and remote. Their certainty is breathtaking. But there’s no denying their artistry.
Macaulay notes that good guys tend to be conservative. They are about preserving the status quo and playing by the rules. Bad guys want to shake things up. They have vision — yes, evil, destructive vision — but they undeniably want to make some big changes. They want to stand out and make a mark and that is often reflected in their attire. Macaulay admires the stark contrast in the style choices of the two arch-villains and arch-rivals in “Despicable Me.” One is goth-grubby traditional with his gray sweater and striped scarf, his alligator sofa, rhinoceros chair, vehicles made from scrap metal emitting puffs of dark smoke, and beds made from bomb casings. The other is sleek and spotless, everything white and shiny with orange accents.
The accompanying gallery is a bit disappointing, though. Every one of the sartorial examples is male and three out of twelve are James Bond villains. They’ve left off my favorite fashion-forward villains. I’d include The Snow Queen in the Narnia movies, Hannibal Lecter with the face mask to keep him from biting, Jack Nicholson and Heath Ledger as The Joker, the Wicked Witch of the West in “The Wizard of Oz,” Disney villainesses like Ursula in “The Little Mermaid” and Malifacent in “Sleeping Beauty,” Agent Smith in the “Matrix” movies, Alex in “A Clockwork Orange,” Anton Chigurh in “No Country for Old Men,” various Draculas, and the greatest fashion icon villain of them all…..


I take great care of my customers and if you call, email, or chat you’ll always talk to me directly.
ADVANCED LESSON 1
Learn a Complete Dance!
Sing Sing Sing
Show Me More
Video will load
Tap dancing to this big band song is so much fun! Get your tap shoes on because you won’t be able to stop moving your feet once you learn this dance!
It Don’t Mean a Thing
how Me More
Get those feet moving with this fun fast-paced tap dance. You’ll love the rhythm and movements and you’ll get a great workout mastering the steps!
The Fury of Elise
If you’re looking for something different than all the other tap dances out there you just found it! Blending smooth Beethoven piano with hip hop beats gives this dance a unique flavor you’ll love.


text:
Jeep is all set to take the wraps off the new Renegade facelift on 6th June, which is two days from now. The baby Jeep will make its global debut at the Turin Motor Show in Italy. The parent company of Jeep, FCA has also teased the new Renegade facelift and the teaser image shows the new tail lamp design. The image shows that the new tail lamp gets a red X-shaped design instead of white on the previous model. The outer casing is now more detailed and looks a lot better now. The casing gets a gloss black colour now when compared to the previous matte black shade. The new Jeep Renegade facelift is expected to come with the same LED headlamps that come on the new Wrangler. The vehicle also gets a new bumper when compared to the older model.
The new Jeep Renegade facelift will source power from two petrol engines. While the 1.0-litre motor will be good for producing a maximum power output of 120 bhp, the 1.3-litre petrol engine will be offered in two states of tune – 150 bhp and 180 bhp. Currently, there is no clarity as to whether Jeep will offer a diesel engine with the Renegade or not. This is because FCA had announced to gradually phase out the diesel engines by the year 2021.
As far as India launch is concerned, the SUV will most likely be offered with both petrol and diesel engines. The new Jeep Renegade facelift will make its entry into the European markets first followed by other markets. India is expected to get the new Jeep sometime in the year 2019. The new Jeep Renegade facelift will challenge the likes of Hyundai Creta and Renault Duster in India. Expect the prices of the new Jeep Renegade to be close to Rs 12 lakh (ex-showroom). More details expected to be out soon, so stay tuned with us!
Get live Stock Prices from BSE, NSE, US Market and latest NAV, portfolio of Mutual Funds, calculate your tax by Income Tax Calculator, know market’s Top Gainers, Top Losers & Best Equity Funds. Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.

domain: news