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Field evaluation of attractive lures for the fruit fly Bactrocera minax (diptera: tephritidae) and their potential use in spot sprays in Hubei province (China)
Field Evaluation of Attractive Lures for the Fruit Fly Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Their Potential use in Spot Sprays in Hubei Province (China) Author(s): Xiao-Wei Zhou, Chang-Ying Niu, Peng Han, and Nicolas Desneux Source: Journal of Economic Entomology, 105(4):1277-1284. Published By: Entomological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1603/EC12020 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1603/EC12020
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FIELD AND FORAGE CROPS
Field Evaluation of Attractive Lures for the Fruit Fly Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Their Potential Use in Spot Sprays in Hubei Province (China) XIAO-WEI ZHOU,1 CHANG-YING NIU,1,2 PENG HAN,1,3
J. Econ. Entomol. 105(4): 1277Ð1284 (2012); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC12020
ABSTRACT The Chinese citrus fruit ßy, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) is a univoltine Tephritidae pest that infests Citrus species. Field trials were conducted in 2010 to determine the potential use of a lure based on enzymatical-hydrolyzed beer yeast as liquid bait (hereafter named H-protein bait) for B. minax in the Hubei province, China. In a citrus orchard, we compared the attractiveness among aqueous solutions of H-protein bait, GF-120 fruit ßy bait, sugar-vinegar-wine mixture, torula yeast, and Jufeng attractant when used in traps and in spot sprays, that is, lures used in combination with the insecticide trichlorphon. The H-protein bait was the most attractive lure in traps, ensnaring signiÞcantly more adults than sugar-vinegar-wine mixture, torula yeast, and Jufeng attractant, in decreasing efÞciency order. In spot sprays those with H-protein bait killed signiÞcantly more female and male ßies within 40 min than those with sugar-vinegar-wine mixture, GF-120, Jufeng attractant, and the control. In addition, the total number of ßies killed by H-protein bait during the spot spray duration was higher than other treatments. Our results demonstrated that the H-protein bait may be a useful tool in citrus orchards in China to monitor B. minax populations as well as to manage this pest when used in spot sprays. KEY WORDS hydrolyzed-protein bait, GF-120, phenology, citrus orchard, monitoring
The Chinese citrus fruit ßy, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) has been a serious pest on citrus fruits in China, India (West Bengal and Sikkim), and Bhutan for more than half a century (Drew 1979, Wang and Luo 1995, Dorji et al. 2006). Among ßies of the Dacinae subfamily (Tephritidae family) B. minax has the particularity of being a univoltine species (Dorji et al. 2006), that is, one generation per year. The host range of B. minax is restricted to the Citrus species and adult emergence usually occurs from late April to early May, with adults present in the Þeld until
August in China. Adults lay eggs on immature citrus fruits from mid-June to July. The phenology varies among infested regions and appears to vary according to local temperatures (Wang and Luo 1995). In the Hubei province, B. minax is considered one of the major fruit ßy pests on citrus trees, causing considerable economic damage by making the fruits improper for merchandizing (Yang et al. 1994). Therefore, effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs are required for areas where the citrus production is a major economic issue. 1 Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. 2 Corresponding author, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org. 3 French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), 400 route des chappes, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
Traps, attractive lures, and mass trapping techniques are common strategies for management of fruit ßies (Hendrichs et al. 1995, Stonehouse et al. 2002, Vargas et al. 2009). For example, McPhail traps baited with a fermenting mixture of citrus juice and brown sugar were successfully used to trap fruit ßies in early studies in Florida (Newell 1936). In addition, an approach combining olfactory attractants and baits sprayed with insecticides, that is, lures ϩ insecticides has been used to combine detection and monitoring in the management of fruit ßies. Protein baits sprayed with insecticides were Þrst used for Caribbean fruit ßy control (Steiner 1952). Since then, protein bait sprays have become a major method of suppressing or eradicating fruit ßy populations in many parts of the world. Female tephritids require a protein meal for ovarian development and egg production (Christenson and Foote 1960, Mangan 2003, Perez-Staples et al. 2007) and protein sources, such as bacteria in bird feces, are thought to be scarce in natural conditions (Drew et al. 1983). Therefore, protein sources are highly attractive to tephritid females and thus protein bait sprays have been successfully used to manage tephritid species (Yee and Chapman 2005; Mangan et al. 2006; Vargas and Prokopy 2006; McQuate 2009; Pin˜ ero et al. 2009a,b). Two commonly used protein baits for fruit ßy detection, monitoring, management, and trapping are the GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) and torula yeast (ERA International,
0022-0493/12/1277Ð1284$04.00/0 ᭧ 2012 Entomological Society of America
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Freeport, NY) (Burns et al. 2001; Vargas et al. 2002; Prokopy et al. 2003; Stark et al. 2004; Mangan et al. 2006; McQuate 2009; Pin˜ ero et al. 2009a,b). To our knowledge, potential use of protein baits to manage B. minax in China has not been documented. In most places where B. minax is present in this country, farmers frequently rely on spraying sugar-vinegar-wine mixture with insecticides to manage the pest (Wang and Luo 1995). Though most fruit ßies can be monitored by traps baited with sexual pheromone and parapheromones, B. minax is not known to be attracted to any male lures (Drew et al. 2006). How the GF-120 and torula yeast can be effective against B. minax in China has not yet been documented. By contrast, the Jufeng attractant is registered and commercially available as lure for B. minax in China though its efÞcacy has never been clearly demonstrated. In our laboratory, a new protein bait has recently been developed to control B. minax. It is based on an enzymatically hydrolyzed protein produced by the industrial processing of beer yeast. This hydrolyzed protein bait (hereafter named H-protein bait) also includes feeding stimulants, orange juice and brown sugar, as well as a chemical attractant ammonium acetate. In 2010, in Þeld conditions we assessed the effectiveness of the H-protein bait and several other commercially available lures for potential monitoring and management of B. minax. In a citrus orchard, two experiments were performed: 1) we compared the efÞcacy of the H-protein bait, torula yeast, sugar-vinegar-wine (SVW) mixture, and Jufeng as attractant for B. minax, and 2) we studied how various lures (Hprotein bait, SVW mixture, GF-120, and Jufeng as an attractant) are effective against B. minax when used in spot sprays, that is, when combined with an insecticide. As a hand sprayer was needed to create the spot sprays, torula yeast that did not completely dissolve in water (it is provided as pellets) could not be used in this experiment. GF-120 was used only in the second experiment as a positive control (it is commonly used for spot sprays in various crops or orchards). Materials and Methods Field Site. The study was conducted from early May to early August 2010, during the fruiting season, in a 0.4 ha citrus orchard in Yichang, in the Hubei province, China. The orchard was composed of mainly mandarin (Citrus reticulata), navel orange (Citrus sinensis), and pomelo (Citrus maxima) trees. Density of trees in the orchard was Ϸ1,000 trees per ha. No management practice for B. minax or other pest control was carried out in the orchard during the experimental periods, except for routine management such as grass-mowing and pruning. The average daily temperature and relative humidity during the experiments were 27.2 Ϯ 0.3ЊC, 67.5 Ϯ 4.3%. Lures. The lure treatments were prepared using the following formulations: 1) H-protein bait: 20% vol:vol solution in water; 2) SVW mixture: 3% sugar solution with vinegar and wine mixture; 3) torula yeast: two pellets per 300 ml of water; 4) GF-120 fruit ßy bait: 1:3
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(vol:vol) solution at the recommended application rate; and 5) Jufeng attractant: 25 g of lure in 300 ml water as recommended. The pH of lures was checked after preparation using a pH meter (PB-10, Sartorius, Germany). Experiment 1: Assessment of Attractiveness of the Lures in Citrus Orchard. The experiment was set up on 4 May 2010 and trapping was carried out periodically, once a week, until 10 August 2010. Four types of lures were tested for attractiveness in traps: H-protein bait, SVW mixture, torula yeast, and Jufeng attractant. The traps were made of modiÞed plastic water bottles (height: 18 cm, diameter: 9 cm, a 4 ϫ 3 cm window 8 cm from the bottom of the bottle). This design ensnares adult ßies which are unable to escape and drown in water or die because of starvation. The traps were baited with 250 ml of aqueous solution and attached to citrus tree branches 1.5 m in height. The traps were located randomly within the orchard with a space of 15 m separating the traps. The trials were set up in a randomized complete-block design using nine replicates (traps) per lure type, that is, 4 ϫ 9 ϭ 36 traps were used every week. Once a week, when traps were checked and ßies were removed, the traps were thereafter washed with water and lures renewed. At the same time, each trap was moved to a new position within the experimental site. The number of male and female B. minax captured was recorded and the ßies were placed in 75% ethanol. The females were subsequently dissected to estimate their sexual maturity under a stereomicroscope (Nikon Inc., SMC-10, Japan) and placed into three categories: immature (ovaries small and no eggs present), semimature (ovaries with eggs developing but not mature), and mature (ovaries with mature eggs present). This classiÞcation was based on preliminary laboratory experiments (C.Y.N., unpublished data). The number of male and female ßies trapped per week was analyzed using a generalized linear model (Proc Genmod; SAS Institute 1999) with ÔLure,Õ ÔSex,Õ ÔDateÕ as factors. Potential interactions among these factors were also tested. In addition, we tested for a potential relationship between the numbers of B. minax female ßies ensnared in H-protein bait traps and the sexual maturity of these ßies, using regression analyses. This analysis was carried out to assess the attractiveness of the H-protein bait in relation to the sexual maturity of B. minax females. Experiment 2: Assessment of Effectiveness of Lures When Used in Spot Sprays. Spot spray tests were conducted from 4 June to 14 June in 2010 in the citrus orchard. The test was designed to study the speed and the overall effectiveness of four different lures when used in spot sprays under Þeld conditions. Five lureinsecticide solutions, that is, spot sprays, were prepared: the H-protein bait, the SVW mixture, the Jufeng attractant, the GF-120 (positive control), and water (control), and all solutions were supplemented with the Trichlorphon 90% WP insecticide (Dacheng Pesticide Co., Ltd., Shandong, China) at the rate of 0.12 g per 100 ml of solution. For each replicate (i.e., spot spray), 150 ml solutions (with lures and insecti-
ZHOU ET AL.: ATTRACTIVE LURES FOR THE FRUIT FLY Bactrocera minax
Table 1. Statistics from the generalized linear model used to analyze the numbers of ﬂies Source of variationa A: Lure attractiveness Lure Sex Date Lure ϫ Date Lure ϫ Sex Date ϫ Sex B: Spot spraysÑimmediate effect Lure Sex Lure ϫ Sex C: Spot spraysÑtotal effect Lure Sex Lure ϫ Sex
3 1 10 30 3 10
143.09 0.09 283.24 654.01 0.91 16.34
Ͻ0.001 0.761 Ͻ0.001 Ͻ0.001 0.823 0.090
4 1 4
63.05 3.30 5.35
Ͻ0.001 0.069 0.253
4 1 4
46.57 10.71 6.21
Ͻ0.001 0.001 0.184
a (A) trapped during the course of the exp, (B) found dead on the spot sprays during the Þrst 40 min after initial spray application (i.e. immediate effect), and (C) killed on the spot sprays until no dead ßies were longer observed on the spots (i.e. persistent effect) among the various lures tested (Lure factor), as function of ßies sex (Sex factor) and also as function of date of sampling (Date factor) in case of the Lure attractiveness experiment.
cide) were applied to foliage of two citrus trees using hand-held sprayers (500 ml in capacity) (Farm and Garden Machinery Sales Co., Jinhua, China). The tests were carried out at 10:30 a.m., that is, when B. minax shows its highest diurnal activity (C.Y.N. and X.W.Z., unpublished data). Three replicates were undertaken per lure tested and sprayed trees were always at least 15 m apart from each other. Two parameters were recorded: 1) to assess the speed of the effect of spot sprays on B. minax, dead ßies on the sprayed trees were counted 40 min after the solutions had been
applied, and 2) to evaluate the total number of ßies killed on the sprayed trees, spot sprays were checked for dead ßies every day until none were observed. Overall effectiveness of sprays was assessed according to the lures used. The number of male and female killed on spot sprays were analyzed using a generalized linear model (Proc Genmod; SAS Institute 1999) with Lure and Sex as factors, and interaction between these two factors was also tested. Results Attractiveness of the Lures. The statistical results are summarized in Table 1A. Overall, a total of 8,894 B. minax adults were ensnared during the season (4,340 females and 4,554 males). The sex of ßies trapped was not a driving factor (no signiÞcant Sex factor). The various lures trapped males and females in a similar way (no signiÞcant interaction between Sex and Lure factors) and regardless of date (no signiÞcant interaction between Date and Sex factors). Lures varied strongly in their attractiveness (i.e., signiÞcant Lure factor, P Ͻ 0.001). Overall, traps with the H-protein bait trapped much more B. minax ßies than traps with other lures (Fig. 1). In addition, the SVW mixture proved to be more efÞcient than Torula yeast and Jufeng attractant lures. The number of B. minax ßies also varied according to the date (signiÞcant Date factor) (Table 1A) with ßies being trapped from midMay through early August and a peak was observed on 8 June (Fig. 1). It reßected the seasonal phenology of B. minax in the studied area. However, this peak was more marked in the case of the H-protein bait than for the other lures, although the SVW mixture showed also a peak to a lesser extent. For example, the number
Fig. 1. Mean number of B. minax ßies (mean Ϯ SEM) captured per trap weekly using various lures (H-protein bait, SVW, torula yeast, and Jufeng attractant) in experimental orchards in Hubei province, China.
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Fig. 2. Female ßies of B. minax in different ovarian development situations ensnared in traps by H-protein bait solution by date in citrus orchards in the Hubei province, China.
of ßies trapped by H-protein bait traps increased much more than those trapped by the SVW mixture when ßy density increased in the orchard, hence signiÞcant interaction between the Lure and the Date factors (Table 1A). The torula yeast and Jufeng attractant lures, that is, the two least efÞcient lures, only trapped a few ßies throughout the entire season. B. minax females previously ensnared by H-protein bait traps were dissected and their sexual maturity was estimated. Most females trapped by the H-protein bait were still immature and semimature until mid-June (Fig. 2). The proportion of fully mature females increased from Ϸ5% in mid-June to almost 90% in late June. All females trapped from early July until the end
of the test were sexually mature. There was a positive signiÞcant relationship between the number of female ßies trapped by the H-protein bait for immature (Fig. 3; R2 ϭ 0.91, F9 ϭ 89.88, P Ͻ 0.001), semimature (R2 ϭ 0.61, F9 ϭ 13.60, P ϭ 0.005) but not for fully mature ßies (R2 ϭ 0.01, F9 ϭ 0.12, P ϭ 0.733) (Fig. 3). Effectiveness of the Lures for Spot Sprays. The number of females and males killed within 40 min varied signiÞcantly according to the lures used in spot sprays (Fig. 4, signiÞcant Lure factor, Table 1B). Overall, during the Þrst 40 min after spray applications, a similar number of B. minax males and females were killed on sprayed trees (no signiÞcant Sex factor) and there was no interaction between
Fig. 3. Relationship between sexual maturity stage (immature, semimature, and mature) ovarian development of females of B. minax ßies trapped in H-protein bait traps and the numbers of ßies trapped by these traps. Regression lines are included for the three relationships tested.
ZHOU ET AL.: ATTRACTIVE LURES FOR THE FRUIT FLY Bactrocera minax
Fig. 4. Mean number (ϮSEM) of B. minax ßies killed in spot sprays (lure ϩ trichlorphon) within 40 min after application. Lures tested were H-protein bait, GF-120, SVW mixture, Jufeng attractant, and control (i.e., water).
Lure and Sex factors. Nonetheless, more males than females tend to be killed in the speciÞc case of H-protein bait spot sprays, but the results were not statistically signiÞcant (Fig. 4). The total number of B. minax females and males killed on spot sprays (i.e., until dead ßies were no longer observed on sprayed trees) differed signiÞcantly according to lures used (signiÞcant Lure factor, Fig. 5, Table 1C). Spot sprays with H-protein bait ensnared more females than the GF-120, the SVW
mixture, the Jufeng attractant and control spot sprays. By contrast to what was observed within the Þrst 40 min after initial spot sprays application, signiÞcantly more males than females were trapped (signiÞcant Sex factor). The interaction between the two factors was not signiÞcant, that is, H-protein bait, GF-120 and SVW mixture spot sprays showed the same trend (though the less efÞcient Jufeng attractant and the control sprays did not show this difference in numbers of male and female trapped).
Fig. 5. Mean total number (ϮSEM) of B. minax ßies killed in spot sprays (lure ϩ trichlorphon) until dead ßies found dropped to zero (daily). Lures tested were H-protein bait, GF-120, SVW mixture, Jufeng attractant, and control (i.e., water).
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY Discussion
Many ßies in the Bactrocera genus are major pests around the world (Vargas et al. 2009, Daane and Johnson 2010, Pascual et al. 2010, Han et al. 2011, Benelli et al. 2012, Canale and Benelli 2012) but B. minax is considered a major pest particularly in Asia. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) was used in the 1980s to manage this pest in the Guizhou province in China; this method achieved some success (Wang and Luo 1995). However, it relied mainly on government heavy investment in mass-rearing facilities and the widespread release of sterile insects. In the current study, we demonstrated that the H-protein bait may be a promising lure to monitor this ßy in Citrus orchards in China and moreover to manage this pest when used in spot sprays. The H-protein bait was the most attractive lure to both sexes of B. minax; not only in traps but also in spot sprays. Other lures tested, including the wellknown GF-120, proved to be less efÞcient than the H-protein bait in attracting B. minax. Various lures including fruit-derived, food-based, visual, and pheromone will continue to be an integral part of the management of tephritid pests. For a given tephritid pest, the attraction and responses to the lures are completely different. For example, ßies in the Bactrocera genus depend much more on olfactory lures compared with Rhagoletis ßies, which seem to rely on visual cues (Prokopy and Papaj 2000). The hydrolyzed proteins were used as baits to attract fruit ßies, but comparisons of several proteins indicated that hydrolyzed torula yeast was superior in attracting Anastrepha spp. (Epsky et al. 1993). In this case, it is necessary to assess the effect of the protein bait lures on each target species before commercial use. Unfortunately, very few studies are available about the response of lures in B. minax. Drew et al. (2006) reported the attractiveness of various combinations of colors and shapes to B. minax in Bhutan. Our study is the Þrst to conÞrm that B. minax can have signiÞcant response to an enzymatical-hydrolyzed protein bait. By quantifying attraction and responses of B. minax compared with other commercially used lures, a breakthrough has been made in understanding the H-protein bait against B. minax. However, many components of the protein baits (e.g., protein concentrations, pH, and ammonia concentrations) also likely greatly inßuence attractiveness for B. minax. Thus, bearing in mind the aforementioned factors, it would be worth developing improved lures when furthering work on the Chinese citrus fruit ßy. In this Þeld study, we showed that the H-protein bait was very effective on B. minax both when used in traps and for spot sprays. However, it is worth mentioning that proteins-based lures used in traps may perform differently than when sprayed on plant foliage. For example, some proteins sprayed on plants may be phytotoxic and thus may have to be diluted before potential use as spot sprays (Mangan et al. 2006), and protein mixtures containing ammonium acetate may not always work well for trapping purposes (Robacker et al. 1996).
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The response of fruit ßies to protein baits is known to depend greatly on their feeding status and sexual development (Robacker 1991, Cornelius et al. 2000, Miller et al. 2004). Our Þeld trials suggested that most of the B. minax adult ßies ensnared by H-protein bait traps occurred before late June, that is, about 1 mo after adult ßies emerged according to the phenology of B. minax in Hubei province (C.Y.N., unpublished data). This need for proteins in female ßies may be exploited as they are likely to be particularly attracted by protein sources early in the season (Health et al. 1993). The highest number of female ßies trapped per week occurred on 8 June and it drastically decreased on 6 July. Five percent of females trapped on 15 June were sexually mature whereas almost 96% of females in traps with H-protein bait solutions in early July were fully sexually mature (many mature eggs). When females become sexually mature they need proteins for the development of eggs and therefore Þnding protein sources is of primary importance (Mangan 2003, Perez-Staples et al. 2007). Studies reported that females deprived of nitrogenous food are more attracted by protein bait (Prokopy et al. 1992, 2003; Vargas et al. 2002; Rousse et al. 2005; Miller et al. 2004). Our results support the hypothesis that responses of B. minax females were affected by protein requirement as demonstrated in other Bactrocera species (Robacker 1991, Miller et al. 2004, Perez-Staples et al. 2007, Mangan 2009). Investigations of ovarian development on B. minax females revealed that ovarian development appears to be a reliable indicator of sexual maturity, and protein was a vital component of ovarian development for female B. minax. In laboratory conditions, when B. minax females were fed a full diet (including proteins provided ad libitum), they reach sexual maturity and complete the reproduction phase in Ϸ25 d (C.Y.N., unpublished data). It is also consistent with the low number of sexually mature females trapped from late June as ßies no longer needed much protein (when oogenesis was Þnished). In our Þeld trials, traps baited with protein lures captured more nontarget insects than other lures because these insects are attracted to the odors of protein bait (Thomas 2003). The nontarget insects captured were mainly the species belonging to Diptera, Hymenoptera, and few Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, such as scarabs and moths. For Diptera, a number of Muscidae, Calliphoridae, and Sarcophagidae were trapped. Some beneÞcial insects, like honey bees and other wild bees, were trapped in small numbers. When protein bait was used in sprays, these pollinators may feed on the bait and be affected or even killed by insecticides (Thomas and Mangan 2005, Desneux et al. 2007). This problem associated with the use of pesticides in bait spray can be solved by using insecticides which are less toxic on nontarget organisms. Bait sprays with new types of insecticide that are less harmful to nontarget organisms have been used successfully in Þeld trials against Anastrepha ludens (Loew), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. suspensa (Loew), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel),
ZHOU ET AL.: ATTRACTIVE LURES FOR THE FRUIT FLY Bactrocera minax
and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Burns et al. 2001, Moreno et al. 2001, Vargas et al. 2003, Prokopy et al. 2003, Stark et al. 2004, Thomas and Mangan 2005, Pin˜ ero et al. 2009b). In fact, the new toxicants that are noticeably different to traditional pesticides are less likely to kill adults through contact, but instead must be ingested before producing maximum toxic effect (DowElanco 1994, Vargas et al. 2002). The results of the current study may be useful in optimizing IPM programs for the control of B. minax in China. Previous IPM programs developed against Bactrocera ßies hinted at the importance of efÞcient lures in IPM packages for successful management. For example, a wide-scale successful IPM program against B. dorsalis was implemented in Hawaii in 2000 and use of protein bait sprays and spot sprays (protein baitbased) targeting female ßies was proven to be a keystone component of such IPM (Mau et al. 2007; Vargas and Prokopy. 2006; Pin˜ ero et al. 2009a,b). Using Hprotein bait has great efÞciency potential when implemented in IPM programs against B. minax, for two main reasons. Firstly, H-protein bait showed great efÞciency in mass trapping as well as in spot spray targeting B. minax adults. In practice, adults are caught or killed before they became sexually mature, that is, before the ßies effectively start to lay eggs on or in fruits and thus it could prevent any adverse effects on fruits by larvae. Secondly, the speciÞc phenology of B. minax, that is, univoltine species, may allow IPM programs to focus most of management efforts for a relatively short time span in the year; from the emergence of ßies and until they become sexually mature. The main sanitation measures in Citrus orchards, for example, collection and removal of all fallen infested fruits at the end of the fruit season combined with H-protein bait mass trapping and spot sprays can largely suppress the B. minax populations and therefore ensure a successful IPM program. In addition, the implementation of such a strategy may be cost-effective and environmentally sound, it would particularly help to reduce pesticide applications and possible negative effects on beneÞcial arthropods (Desneux et al. 2006, 2007; Han et al. 2010) and on associated ecosystem services (Lu et al. 2012). The data presented here strongly showed that Hprotein bait can be an effective lure for both female and male B. minax in citrus orchards during the fruiting season. Protein bait attracted more B. minax adults than other attractants in this study. Further studies are required to enhance the formulation and the spray concentration; moreover, this protein bait can be used in combination with attract-and-kill devices.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the International Atomic Energy Agency Research (Grant no. 16015) for funding to C.Y.N. and the Plant Health & Environment Department of INRA for funding to N.D.
References Cited Benelli, G., G. Bonsignori, C. Stefanini, and A. Canale. 2012. Courtship and mating behaviour in the fruit ßy parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Sze´ pligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): the role of wing fanning. J. Pest Sci. 85: 55Ð 63. Burns, R. E., D. L. Harris, D. S. Moreno, and J. E. Eger. 2001. EfÞcacy of spinosad bait sprays to control Mediterranean and Caribbean fruit ßies in commercial citrus in Florida. Fla. Entomol. 84: 672Ð 678. Canale, A., and G. Benelli. 2012. Impact of mass-rearing on the host seeking behaviour and parasitism by the fruit ßy parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Sze´ pligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Pest Sci. 85: 65Ð74. Christenson, L. D., and R. H. Foote. 1960. Biology of fruit ßies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 5: 171Ð192. Cornelius, L. M., L. Nergel, J. J. Duan, and R. H. Messing. 2000. Responses of female oriental fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to protein and host fruit odor in Þeld cage and open Þeld tests. Environ. Entomol. 29: 14 Ð19. Daane, K. M., and M. W. Johnson. 2010. Olive fruit ßy: managing an ancient pest in modern times. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 55: 151Ð169. Desneux, N., A. Decourtye, and J. M. Delpuech. 2007. The sublethal effects on beneÞcial arthropods. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52: 81Ð106. Desneux, N., R. Ramirez-Romero, and L. Kaiser. 2006. Multi step bioassay to predict recolonization potential of emerging parasitoids after a pesticide treatment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25: 2675Ð2682. Dorji, C., A. R. Clarke, R.A.I. Drew, B. S. Fletcher, P. Loday, K. Mahat, S. Raghu, and M. C. Romig. 2006. Seasonal phenology of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in western Bhutan. B. Entomol. Res. 96: 531Ð538. DowElanco. 1994. Spinosad technical guide. DowElanco, Indianapolis, IN. Drew, R.A.I. 1979. The genus Dacus Fabricius (Diptera: Tephritidae): two new species from northern Australia and a discussion of some subgenera. J. Aust. Entomol. Soc. 18: 71Ð 80. Drew, R.A.I., A. C. Courtice, and D. S. Teakle. 1983. Bacteria as a natural source of food for adult fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Oecologia 60: 279 Ð284. Drew, R.A.I., C. Dorji, M. C. Romig, and P. Loday. 2006. Attractiveness of various combinations of colors and shapes to females and males of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a commercial mandarin grove in Bhutan. J. Econ. Entomol. 99: 1651Ð1656. Epsky, N. D., R. R. Heath, J. M. Sivinski, C. O. Calkins, R. M. Baranowski, and A. H. Fritz. 1993. Evaluation of protein bait formulations for the Caribbean fruit ßy (Diptera: Tephritidae). Fla. Entomol. 76: 626 Ð 635. Han, P., C. Y. Niu, C. L. Lei, J. J. Cui, and N. Desneux. 2010. Use of an innovative T-tube maze assay and the proboscis extension response assay to assess sublethal effects of GM products and pesticides on learning capacity of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. Ecotoxicology 19: 1612Ð1619. Han, P., X. Wang, C. Y. Niu, Y. C. Dong, and N. Desneux. 2011. The population dynamics, phenology and overwintering of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hubei province, China. J. Pest Sci. 84: 289 Ð395. Heath, R. R., N. D. Epsky, P. J. Landolt, and J. Sivinski. 1993. Development of attractants for monitoring Caribbean fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Fla. Entomol. 76: 233Ð 244. Hendrichs, J., G. Franz, and P. Rendon. 1995. Increased effectiveness and applicability of the sterile insect technique through male-only releases for control of Mediter-
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
ranean fruit ßies during fruiting seasons. J. Appl. Entomol. 119: 371Ð377. Lu, Y. H., K. M. Wu, Y. Y. Jiang, Y. Y. Guo, and N. Desneux. 2012. Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services. Nature. (in press). (doi:10.1038/nature11153). Mangan, R. L. 2003. Adult diet and male-female contact effects on female reproductive potential in Mexican fruit ßy (Anastrepha ludens Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 341Ð347. Mangan, R. L. 2009. Effects of bait age and prior protein feeding on cumulative tie-dependent mortality of Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to GF-120 spinosad baits. J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 1157Ð1163. Mangan, R. L., D. S. Moreno, and G. D. Thompson. 2006. Bait dilution, spinosad concentration, and efÞcacy of GF120 based fruit ßy sprays. Crop. Prot. 25: 125Ð133. Mau, R.F.L., E. B. Jang, and R. I. Vargas. 2007. The Hawaii fruit ßy area-wide fruit ßy pest management programme: inßuence of partnership and a good education programme, pp. 671Ð 683. In M.J.B. Vreysen, A. S. Robinson, and J. Hendrichs (eds.), Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: From Research to Field Implementation. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. McQuate, G. T. 2009. Effectiveness of GF-120NF fruit ßy bait as a suppression tool for Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 133: 444 Ð 448. Miller, N. W., R. I. Vargas, R. J. Prokopy, and B. E. Mackey. 2004. State-dependent attractiveness of protein bait and host fruit odor to Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) females. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 97: 1063Ð 1068. Moreno, D. S., H. Celedonio, R. L. Mangan, J. L. Zavala, and P. Montoya. 2001. Field evaluation of a phototoxic dye, phloxine B, against three species of fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 1419 Ð1427. Newell, W. 1936. Progress report on the Key West (Florida) fruit ßy eradication project. J. Econ. Entomol. 29: 116 Ð 120. Pascual, S., G. Cobos, E. Seris, and M. Gonzalez-Nunez. 2010. Effects of processed kaolin on pests and non-target arthropods in a Spanish olive grove. J. Pest Sci. 83: 121Ð133. Perez-Staples, D., V. Prabhu, and P. W. Taylor. 2007. Postteneral protein feeding enhances sexual performance of Queensland fruit ßies. Physiol. Entomol. 32: 225Ð232. Pin˜ ero, J. C., R.F.L. Mau, G. T. McQuate, and R. I. Vargas. 2009a. Novel bait stations for attract-and-kill of pestiferous fruit ßies. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 133: 208 Ð216. Pin˜ ero, J. C., R.F.L. Mau, and R. I. Vargas. 2009b. Managing oriental fruit ßy (Diptera: Tephritidae), with spinosadbased protein bait sprays and sanitation in papaya orchards in Hawaii. J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 1123Ð1132. Prokopy, R. J., N. W. Miller, J. C. Pin˜ ero, J. D. Barry, L. C. Tran, L. Oride, and R. I. Vargas. 2003. Effectiveness of GF-120 fruit ßy bait spray applied to border area plants for control of melon ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1485Ð1493. Prokopy, R. J., D. R. Papaj, J. Hendrichs, and T.T.Y. Wong. 1992. Behavioral responses of Ceratitis capitata ßies to bait spray droplets and natural food. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 64: 247Ð257. Prokopy, R. J., and D. R. Papaj. 2000. Behavior of ßies of the genera Rhagoletis, Zonosemata, and Carpomya (Trypetinae: Carpomyina), pp. 219 Ð252. In M. Aluja and A. L.
Vol. 105, no. 4
Norrbom (eds.), Fruit Flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. Robacker, D. C. 1991. SpeciÞc hunger in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): effects on attractiveness of proteinaceous and fruit-derived lures. Environ. Entomol. 20: 1680 Ð1686. Robacker, D. C., D. S. Moreno, and A. B. Demilo. 1996. Attractiveness to Mexican fruit ßies of combinations of acetic acid with ammonium/amino attractants with emphasis on effects of hunger. J. Chem. Ecol. 22: 499 Ð511. Rousse, P., P. F. Duyck, S. Quilici, and P. Ryckewaert. 2005. Adjustment of Þeld cage methodology for testing food attractants for fruit ßies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 98: 402Ð 408. SAS Institute. 1999. SAS/Stat userÕs guide, release 8. ed. SAS Institute, Cary, NC. Stark, J. D., R. I. Vargas, and N. W. Miller. 2004. Toxicity of spinosad in protein bait to three economically important tephritid fruit ßy species (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 97: 911Ð915. Steiner, L. F. 1952. Fruit ßy control in Hawaii with poisonbait sprays containing protein hydrolysates. J. Econ. Entomol. 45: 838 Ð 843. Stonehouse, J., M. Afzal, Q. Zia, J. Mumford, A. Poswal, and R. Mahmood. 2002. “Single-killing-point” Þeld assessment of bait and lure control of fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Pakistan. Crop. Prot. 21: 651Ð 659. Thomas, D. B., and R. L. Mangan. 2005. Nontarget impact of spinosad GF-120 bait sprays for control of the Mexican fruit ßy (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Texas citrus. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1950 Ð1956. Thomas, D. B. 2003. Nontarget insects captured in fruit ßy (Diptera: Tephritidae) surveillance traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1732Ð1737. Vargas, R. I., and R. J. Prokopy. 2006. Attraction and feeding responses of melon ßies and oriental fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to various protein baits with and without toxicants. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 38: 49 Ð 60. Vargas, R. I., N. W. Miller, and R. J. Prokopy. 2002. Attraction and feeding responses of Mediterranean fruit ßy and a natural enemy to protein baits laced with two novel toxins, phloxine B and spinosad. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 102: 273Ð282. Vargas, R. I., N. W. Miller, and J. D. Stark. 2003. Field trials of spinosad as a replacement for naled, DDVP, and malathion in methyl eugenol and cue-lure bucket traps to attract and kill male oriental fruit ßies and melon ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1780 Ð1785. Vargas, R. I., J. C. Pin˜ ero, R.F.L. Mau, J. D. Stark, and M. Hertlein. 2009. Attraction and mortality of oriental fruit ßies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to SPLAT-MAT-methyl eugenol with spinosad. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 131: 286 Ð293. Wang, X. J., and L. Y. Luo. 1995. Research progress in the Chinese citrus fruit ßy. Entomol. Knowl. 32: 310 Ð315. Yang, P., J. R. Carey, and R. V. Dowell. 1994. Tephritid fruit ßies in China: historical background and current status. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 70: 159 Ð167. Yee, W. L., and P. S. Chapman. 2005. Effects of GF-120 concentrations on attraction, feeding, mortality, and control of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1654 Ð1663. Received 15 January 2012; accepted 29 May 2012.

domain: biology


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Robert Pattinson wouldn’t jack a dog off for a movie scene, and he’s a hero to PETA for it.
Robert Pattinson says no to dog masturbation and that’s important. He’s the hero we don’t deserve, ladies and gentleman.
The Twilight star told Jimmy Kimmel that the director of his latest movie, “Good Time,” wanted him to shoot a scene in which he pleasured a dog, but Robert Pattinson rightfully refused.
PETA’s stance is that the scene is a form of mistreatment “like child molestation.”
The animal rights organization referred to a story that TMZ broke. It involved a distressed pup that appeared to have been forced to swim in raging waters in the movie “A Dog’s Purpose,” saying, “PETA depends on actors and crew members to come forward when they see mistreatment.”
PETA is now on the case, and trying to figure out if any laws have been broken.

domain: law


(Image source from: Thehindu.com)
Telangana Municipal Poll Results: TRS Leading:- The Telangana Municipal Polls took place on Wednesday and the counting for the votes for 120 municipalities and 9 corporations in Telangana started today at 8 AM. Going with the early estimates, TRS is leading across all the municipalities. State Election Commissioner V Nagi Reddy said that the final results will be out by evening. 70.26% voter turnout was seen during the polls. Elections were held for 2971 wards across the state. Over 12,900 candidates tested their luck in the Telangana Municipal Polls. TRS is leading the list while Congress is giving tough competition in some of the wards.
As per the early estimates, Congress won 2 wards in Rangareddy district and TRS won 5 wards. The Election Commission asked the returning officers to declare the results only after the approval by the election observers. Counting of postal ballots is carried out first, followed by counting of ballot papers. For the first time in the country, the Election Commission used a facial recognition app to counter the impersonation of the voters. The pilot project was implemented in ten polling states in Kompally municipality. The State Election Commission (SEC) on Thursday had ordered re-polling in three booths in Mahbubnagar, Nizamabad and Kamareddy districts.
The final results of the Telangana Municipal Polls will be out by evening.


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Medieval Historical Writing: From Bede to the Printing Press
In this course we explore the ways that medieval writers documented and theorized the past. Questions include the following: what constitutes a significant event, e.g., the brutal murder of Thomas Becket in 1170, the burning of the Savoy Palace by peasant rebels in 1381, the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290, the fall of Jerusalem during the Crusades (1187), or the miraculous exhumation of a saint's bones? What does the past - biblical, classical, national - tell us about the state of the present or the time of the future? In what way do different genres - chronicles, saints' lives, encyclopedias, charters, sermons, romances, travel guides, genealogies - offer competing or affirming views of the past? How is historiography used to serve royal propaganda or calls for religious reform? And what happens when medieval historical writing is taken up by fifteenth- and sixteenth-century English printers, dramatists, antiquarians, and reformers?
Texts may include Ranulph Higden's popular universal history, the Polychronicon (c. 1350, later translated and updated by England's first printer, William Caxton), Wulfstan's Sermon of the Wolf to the English (c. 1000, about the Anglo-Saxon and Viking conquests); Bede's classic and continually recycled Ecclesiastical History of the English People (c. 731); accounts of Arthurian Britain such as Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain (1138) and Thomas Malory's Death of Arthur (printed 1485); influential monastic chronicles such as Matthew of Paris's Chronica Majora (c. 1250) and Thomas Walsingham's Chronicle of Saint Albans (1422); alliterative poems such as St. Erkenwald (c. 1390) and the Siege of Jerusalem (c. 1370s); travel narratives such as Gerald of Wales's The History and Topography of Ireland (1185) and John of Mandeville's Travels (c. 1360); and the Penn Roll and Edward IV Roll (splendid genealogical manuscripts in Philadelphia).
Assignments may include weekly responses to the reading, an oral presentation, and a final research paper.

domain: library


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07793 677 867
Headshot Photographer Richmond-upon-Thames, London and Surrey
Thank you for visiting my headshots page. I am a Surrey based professional photographer offering headshot photography for businesses, schools, actors and models. I work with natural light and studio lighting to create candid portraits suitable for your professional needs; a new website, acting and audition portraits, or Linkedin profile.
My headshot sessions are relaxed and easy going. They take place either in my home studio, at your home or on location, depending on what you need the photos for, and what type of look you wish to achieve. I use natural light or studio lighting to create a professional headshot where you look at your best.
Headshot sessions last around 1 hour. Before the session, I will correspond with you by email or phone to get an idea of what you need the photos for, to discuss locations and provide advice on the type of clothes to choose for the photoshoot. It takes about a week for the photos to be edited and uploaded onto a private, password-protected viewing gallery on my website
Location and Studio Headshot Photography
I am based in Surrey and for headshot photography, I am happy to meet you within a 30 mile radius including South West London. I have a set of portable lights and background, and can arrange a session at your workplace or school. You are also welcome to come to my home studio near Dorking.
My headshot photo session fee is £125. This includes
Email/telephone consultation prior to the photoshoot
Up to 1h shooting time
A private viewing gallery of 10 fully edited images
3 high resolution photos
Additional files can be purchased at £25 each
How to Book
Contact me to enquire about or book your headshots session. You can also call on 07793 677 867 or email at firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: artistic


text:
Virginia man pleads in drug case
BURGAW -- A Virginia man pleaded guilty Friday in Pender County Superior Court to trafficking hydrocodone, an opioid pain medication, according to a release from the Pender County District Attorney's Office.
Shaun Patrick Sargent, 36, of Richlands, Va., was stopped in Pender County while in possession of the pills on July 31, 2014. Hours before, the release said, he broke into a drug store in Wallace, N.C., to steal the pills.
Judge W. Allen Cobb sentenced Sargent to from eight years and six months to 10 years in prison, as well as a fine of $100,000.
-- Adam Wagner


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Following a long drive that consisted of little more than two ruts worn by vehicle tires, they came to the Marsh ranch.
The saturated road no longer absorbed the water, which ran along the ruts in streams.
Deep ruts and "cradle-holes" were worn in the ice, as on terra firma, by the passage of the sleds over the same track, and the horses invariably ate their oats out of cakes of ice hollowed out like buckets.
As he maneuvered the truck through muddy ruts in the drive, she covertly studied his profile.
Meeting a comrade at the last post station but one before Moscow, Denisov had drunk three bottles of wine with him and, despite the jolting ruts across the snow-covered road, did not once wake up on the way to Moscow, but lay at the bottom of the sleigh beside Rostov, who grew more and more impatient the nearer they got to Moscow.
We imagine that when we are thrown out of our usual ruts all is lost, but it is only then that what is new and good begins.
How worn and dusty, then, must be the highways of the world, how deep the ruts of tradition and conformity!
She was on the washboard ruts before she realized they were there.
It may be supposed that originally the public roads, when worn by the cartage of the coal, were repaired by laying planks of timber at the bottom of the ruts, and that then the planks were laid on the surface of special roads or ways' formed between the collieries and the river.
(It is to be remembered, however, that the standard width of a Roman highroad in the neighbourhood of Rome itself is about 14 ft.) They are uniformly paved with large polygonal blocks of hard basaltic lava, fitted very closely together, though now in many cases marked with deep ruts from the passage of vehicles in ancient times.

domain: history


HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL
A recent bill up before the Hawai'i County Council would have criminalized Big Island farmers for using biotechnology to grow their crops with less fertilizer and fewer pesticides. A second bill is still on the table, and I almost cannot think of anything that would take us further away from where we need to be heading.
Do you have info to share with HuffPost reporters? Here’s how.


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Nearby tourist attractions include Poonjar Palace, Kadappattoor Mahadeva Temple, Golden Jubilee Museum, Bharananganam Church, Bharananganam and Meenachil River.
Accommodation availabe at Hill Maria Resorts and Mandapathil Homestay.
Regular bus services connect Puliyannoor with Pala and Kottayam. Kottayam Railway Station and Cochin International Airport are the nearest railhead and airport respectively.
Copyright 2014 by Online Highways LLC. Enjoy some India trivia. Send Us Your Comments

domain: geography


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Over 71,732 Sound Files Available !
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Feature your elementary choir this winter with one of these great octavos, as featured on Stanton’s Elementary General… read more October 22nd
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String Riffs Recommended by Dan Clark, Orchestral Music Specialist String Riffs is written by Karen Koger (a former… read more
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Title: Presidents Day Parade
Voicing/Format: Concert Band
Publisher: Hal Leonard Publishing Corp
Composer: Murtha, Paul
Catalog #: 04002671
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Here is a terrific easy march for young players that cleverly includes a few quotes from Hail to the Chief. Complete with a percussion break, trio section, and “dog fight,” this great-sounding march ends with a rousing final strain. Fun to play and easy to learn! Dur: 2:35
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Dr. Stark with the Washington Policy Center says it best, "Obamacare has not come close to providing universal health insurance, it has caused health insurance premiums to rise dramatically, and it has forced millions of people out of their existing insurance into government-controlled plans."
When bureaucratic rules threaten to silence people, like Steve Gleason, who rely on speech generation devices to communicate, the Gleason Act gave those individuals peace of mind to know that their voices will continue to be heard. Today, with a bipartisan coalition of my colleagues, I introduced the Steve Gleason Enduring Voices Act to permanently fix the CMS policy that limited access to speech generation devices for people with degenerative diseases like ALS.
In 1962, President Kennedy declared May 15th as Peace Officers Memorial Day and the week following that day as Police Week. We have almost a million police officers in the United States that wake up each day and put their lives on the line to keep our communities safe.
It was a busy weekend back home, but getting to every part of my district and seeing all the amazing people is what inspires me to bring the fight back to Washington, DC. On Saturday, I was honored to be the keynote speaker at the Stevens County Republicans Lincoln Day Dinner in Colville.


WASHINGTON ― President Donald Trump could have taken yes for an answer on border security. Instead, he decided to force a costly government shutdown over his proposed wall that angered just about everybody while producing no extra money for his priority.
The government funding bill that Congress is expected to send to the president’s desk on Thursday provides just $1.375 billion for 55 miles of fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border ― approximately the same amount of money for barriers that Congress offered the president late last year. A Senate committee approved even more for border security ― $1.6 billion ― in a bipartisan agreement last summer.
But Trump bet he could extract a lot more, as much as $5.7 billion, from the newly elected Democratic majority in the House by partially closing down the government and daring them not to blink and agree to fund a wall he initially said Mexico would pay for. Heeding calls from conservative media personalities like Rush Limbaugh and Ann Coulter ― his pseudo kitchen Cabinet ― Trump refused to accept a deal that even Republicans had agreed to, thereby forcing 800,000 federal workers to go without pay in a shutdown that cost the economy $11 billion.
“This White House, supposedly the best dealmakers on earth, really dropped the ball. I mean, we had a chance here to solve this problem two months ago without a shutdown,” Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) told HuffPost on Wednesday.
Trump is now planning to declare a national emergency to obtain the remaining funds to build the wall, the White House said. But that legally dubious option isn’t likely to net him more miles of border barrier either.
Last year, the president actually might have obtained as much as $25 billion to build his wall. The Senate considered legislation in February 2018 that would have funded the wall’s construction in exchange for permanent protections for those enrolled in the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, providing a path to citizenship for some 1.8 million undocumented immigrants who came to the U.S. as children. Dubbed the “Common Sense” compromise, the bill seemed like the most viable way forward with some rare areas of bipartisan agreement.
But Senate Republicans, even those who were sympathetic to the plight of the Dreamers, came out in opposition to the bill after the White House issued a veto threat and began whipping members to vote against it. The Senate bill failed to reach a filibuster-proof majority on a 54-45 vote, despite near-unanimous Democratic support.
Trump attempted to revive a form of that deal in January, offering temporary protections for DACA recipients in exchange for $5.7 billion in wall funding. Democrats refused, however, maintaining that three years of deportation relief for Dreamers, who remain in legal limbo since Trump rescinded their protections, wasn’t nearly enough.
Trump’s strategy during the shutdown angered members of his own party as well. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) got into a heated confrontation with a fellow GOP senator during a weekly lunch last month as frustration reached a boiling point and poll after poll showed the American public blaming Trump and congressional Republicans over Democrats.
“I don’t think the shutdown was a good idea. I think it was just all about point scoring. But a lot of people got hurt unnecessarily,” Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) told HuffPost this week, when asked if he felt that the shutdown had been worth the trouble. He lamented that Democrats seemed to be focused on “trying to embarrass” Trump by opposing barriers on the border.
Democrats, meanwhile, said they hoped the bitter monthslong fight over border security, with no additional funding to show for it, had taught Trump not to use the tactic again.
“I think what Republicans are thinking is, ‘What were we thinking?’” Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) said on Wednesday. “But more to the point, what was Trump thinking?”


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Inside Out Dorset 2016 a great success. Join us again, as part of the Pommery Dorset Seafood Festival in July 2017 when we will present a special one-off signature event featuring Le Cirque Du Platzak who made such an impression when they performed in Gillingham. Book tickets now as it's sure to be popular. Our full festival programme will launch in 2018.
2016 Highlights Film
Inside Out Dorset 2016 events
Please help us in continuing to present high quality large scale work by making a donation. If you want to take a greater part through sponsoring and patronage we would be delighted to talk to you too.
Kermiz, Le Cirque Du Platzak at Pommery Dorset Seafood Festival We are thrilled Le Cirque Du Platzak are returning to Dorset after their spectacular performances in last year’s Inside Out Dorset Festival. Don’t miss this one-off Inside Out Dorset signature …
We received feedback from audience members who attended the Wayfaring event at Littlebredy, telling us they had been affected by the themes that And Now had explored: farming, consumption, our connection to the earth and our landscape and mass-market food …
A broad and diverse range of groups and individuals take part in our extensive year-round learning and participation programme, which runs alongside the core Inside Out Dorset events. Some of this work – known as The Associate Programme – happened …
a tantalizing tidbit
Inside Out Dorset 2016 Promo
Plus dip into our archive to find out about past festivals here - 2014, 2012, 2010, 2008 and 2007...
There are lots of ways to get more involved with Inside Out Dorset, through talks, workshops and professional development opportunities.
volunteers - we need you!
Our volunteers are a dedicated and happy bunch - and we couldn't run the festival without them. Come and join the team this year!


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Experience, compassion and integrity. Meet our people.
Midland’s Wealth Management Group is dedicated to providing you, your family and your business personalized advice tailored to your needs and goals. You’ll enjoy the confidence that comes from knowing your assets are managed by accomplished professionals, skilled at creating sophisticated solutions.
Wealth Management and Trust credentials and designations include:
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- Certified Securities Operations Professional (CSOP)
- Certified Fiduciary and Investment Risk Specialist (CFIRS™)
- Certified Retirement Services Professional (CRSP)
- Certified Structured Settlement Consultant (CSSC®)
- Master Structured Settlement Consultant (MSSC®)
- Professional Plan Consultant (PPC)
- Juris Doctor (JD)
- Master of Business Administration (MBA)
An integrated group of skilled professionals, we’re proud of our ability to provide you with exceptional and diverse programs and services. The ability to collaborate with proven partners in an environment of empowered local decision-making allows us the flexibility, responsiveness and personal attention that you deserve.

domain: finance


text:
A paper seeking to identify signs the Swiss franc floor was about to break in 2015 has found there may have been some hints – but forecasting the full exchange rate movement is difficult.
The working paper, published by the Bank for International Settlements, derives probability densities for future exchange rates from option prices at the time. The result indicates that while break probabilities never significantly exceeded 50%, the credibility of the floor of Sfr1.20 to the euro did decline t
- Banknote and currency manager of the year: Norges Bank
- Lifetime achievement award: Perng Fai-nan
- Initiative of the year: Bank of England’s FinTech Accelerator
- Consultancy and advisory provider of the year (data and regulatory management): BearingPoint
- Banknote and currency services provider of the year: Landqart


Who qualifies for Healthy San Francisco?
San Francisco residents qualify for Healthy San Francisco if:
- They have an income at or below 500% of the Federal Poverty Level ($11,720 for an individual, $54,480 for a family of four)
- They can provide proof of San Francisco residency
- They have been uninsured for at least 90 days
- They are not eligible for other public insurance programs such as Medi-Cal, Healthy Families or Healthy Kids
- They are between the ages of 18 and 64
For additional information about whether you may qualify click here. If you are eligible for Healthy San Francisco, you can join regardless of your immigration status or any pre-existing medical conditions.


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This spicy and smoky maple syrup is perfect to us in savoury dishes when you want a hit of heat with your sweetness.
Glengarry Maple Co is a family run business who harvests and cooks their maple syrup on over 100 acres of protected sugar bush in Eastern Ontario, where they live. A unique and delicious syrup!
Unit Size: 250 ml

domain: food


text:
Crisis in West Africa: Samaritan’s Purse Responding to Deadly Ebola Outbreak
International relief organization Samaritan’s Purse is responding to what is being called the worst Ebola outbreak in seven years. In the West African countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia, there have been at least 157 reported cases with 96 Ebola-related deaths. Ebola is one of the most lethal viruses known to humans. Currently there is no cure or vaccine.
Samaritan’s Purse is partnering with the Government of Liberia’s Ministry of Health to contain the outbreak. Liberia established a high-level “National Task Force” to lead their efforts in the response, naming Samaritan’s Purse as a response partner along with other agencies, such as the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In Lofa County and the capital city of Monrovia, Samaritan’s Purse is working to prevent spread of the deadly disease by conducting public education and awareness campaigns. The organization is also providing emergency medical supplies to its partner, ELWA Hospital located just outside of Monrovia, and transporting medical response personnel and critically needed medical supplies to various parts of the country with an airplane and helicopter.
“This is a very serious situation that could become even more critical in the coming days,” said Franklin Graham, president of Samaritan’s Purse. “Our team in Liberia is committed to doing all we can to share God’s love with Liberian people by providing medical support and other relief.”
Samaritan’s Purse has been working in Liberia since 2003, when the country’s civil war came to an end. The organization has helped tens of thousands of Liberians recover through clean water and hygiene programs, care for HIV/AIDS orphans, nutrition feeding, latrine and hospital construction, farming and care for victims of gender-based violence. Samaritan’s Purse has 35 ongoing projects in six counties in the country, employing more than 300 Liberians.
- Speak with Ken Isaacs, Samaritan’s Purse vice president of programs and government relations
- Interview Gen. Jim Walker, Samaritan’s Purse deputy director of international projects
Samaritan’s Purse is an international Christian relief and evangelism organization, based in Boone, North Carolina, that responds to the physical and spiritual needs of individuals in crisis situations—especially in locations where few others are working. Samaritan’s Purse works in more than 100 countries to provide aid in the name of Jesus Christ to victims of war, disease, disaster, poverty, famine and persecution. For more information, please visit www.samaritanspurse.org.


Alipay, China’s biggest online payments platform, is stepping up its global expansion with a major foray into North America, the home of PayPal and ApplePay. Hangzhou-based Alipay has partnered with US credit card processing service company First Data Corp to support mobile payments in four million merchants and retailers across the world’s largest consumer market, according to a joint announcement by the two companies early on Tuesday.
“Our goal is to extend reliable payment services to the over four million Chinese consumers that visit North America every year,” said Souheil Badran, the president, Alipay North America.
Alipay has estimated that it has already more than 450 million global active users, which augurs well for the vast network of merchants in North America supported by First Data.
In addition to online payments and money transfers, Alipay users can hail a taxi, book a hotel, buy movie tickets and make doctors’ appointments directly from within its mobile app.
Alipay has recently been expanding to in-store, offline payments at bricks-and-mortar retailers across the globe. It said the First Data relationship will provide more North American merchants and retailers the ability to accept payments from millions of overseas customers who already know and trust the platform.
As part of its agreement with First Data, Alipay transactions will be routed through Acculynk, a technology company that was recently bought by First Data. Acculynk will tokenise the Alipay QR code for settlement. “With the help of Acculynk’s gateway technology, First Data will be able to quickly implement Alipay for its large client base, so businesses can start accepting Alipay transactions in a seamless manner,” said Ashish Bahl, the founder and chief executive of Acculynk. “Through its role as the world’s largest merchant acquirer, First Data will be the first to offer Alipay at the point-of-sale in a scalable manner for North America businesses.”


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LAST UPDATED : Aug 18, 2017, 10.30PM IST
Himachal Pradesh chief minister Virbhadra Singh has ruled out any violation by Chinese helicopters which according to a report were spotted in Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts.
USA-CYBER/MILITARY:Trump mulling lifting status of Cyber Command - sources
Copyright © 2017 Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. For reprint rights: Times Syndication Service

domain: news


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Crust: Mix everything under crust in a bowl. Add enough maple so the dough can stay together. Press in the tart pans.
Filling: Blend everything under filling. Taste and try to not eat it all. Adjust the salt, sweet and tang (lemon juice) if needed.
Fill the crust wit the filling. Tap to eliminate air pockets. Place the tart pans on a baking sheet and bake at pre-heated 350 degrees F for 30 minutes, then reduce temperature to 325 degrees F / 160ºc and bake for another 15 minutes or until the center is not liquid.
Chill for atleast an hour. Drizzle melted chocolate and serve with fresh chopped strawberries


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domain: economics


A cutting-edge take on the polo shirt by HUGO Menswear.
This slim-fitting polo is crafted in cotton-rich jersey with a mercerized finish for softness and lightweight breathability.
A zipped placket and a logo badge at the rear yoke add signature nods to HUGO creativity.
Machine Wash Cold Gentle
Do Not Bleach
Do Not Tumble Dry
Iron Low Heat
Reduced Dry Clean
Slim fit Neckline: Polo collar Short sleeves
The model is a size M and is 6'0" tall with a, 34" chest, 28" waist and 35" hips.


|Publication number||US7093816 B2|
|Application number||US 10/363,027|
|Publication date||Aug 22, 2006|
|Filing date||Aug 29, 2001|
|Priority date||Aug 30, 2000|
|Also published as||CA2422957A1, CN1469985A, EP1315939A1, US20040026599, WO2002018856A1|
|Publication number||10363027, 363027, PCT/2001/2687, PCT/FR/1/002687, PCT/FR/1/02687, PCT/FR/2001/002687, PCT/FR/2001/02687, PCT/FR1/002687, PCT/FR1/02687, PCT/FR1002687, PCT/FR102687, PCT/FR2001/002687, PCT/FR2001/02687, PCT/FR2001002687, PCT/FR200102687, US 7093816 B2, US 7093816B2, US-B2-7093816, US7093816 B2, US7093816B2|
|Inventors||Thierry Lacan, Bruno Ledoux|
|Original Assignee||Thierry Lacan, Bruno Ledoux|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (8), Classifications (14), Legal Events (3)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention concerns a sealed container filled with water for making an ice cube, of the type comprising a tray having a peripheral wall closed on one side by a base and defining on the other side an opening for removing the ice, the container comprising an inner seal closing the tray sealed above the opening.
Such sealed containers assembled together are known. They are described, for example, in the patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,032.
In that document, each container has a substantially parallelepiped shape. It has four lateral faces closed at one extremity by a square base. In order to facilitate the unmolding of the ice, the base has a network of punctual protuberances that protrude inside the container. These protuberances weaken the base and facilitate its deformation for unmolding the ice.
However, the unmolding of the ice remains difficult. Indeed, in order to unmold the ice, it is necessary to press the base perpendicularly. Thus, it is appropriate during the pressing to firmly maintain the lateral wall of the container. The manipulation is difficult and often necessitates use of both hands by the person who desires to unmold the ice.
An aim of the present invention is to offer a container that makes it possible to easily unmold the ice, and in particular, allows the user to ensure the ejection of the ice with a single hand.
To this effect, an object of the present invention is a sealed container filled with water for making ice, of the above type, characterized in that the base has a deformation protruding toward the inside of the tray that defines externally a transverse groove extending from one side of the base to the other, this base presenting two ridges extending on both sides of the groove.
According to particular embodiments, the sealed container 30 has one or several of the following characteristics
In addition, an object of the invention is a conditioning for making ice, characterized in that it comprises at least two containers as described above, adjacent to each other, the peripheral walls of adjacent trays being integral with each other, and in that weakening lines are provided on the edges between adjacent trays to make it possible to separate the trays.
The invention will be understood better by reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, in reference to drawings in which:
The conditioning 10 shown on
The conditioning 10 is made by four containers 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D according to the invention, each defining a closed space containing a determined amount of water for making a single ice cube and an air bubble sufficient to compensate the expansion of water during freezing. The containers are connected to each other to form a sheet.
More precisely, the conditioning 10 comprises a plate 12 made by a sheet of thermoformed polymer in which are defined four cells 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D each forming one tray of a container. Each cell is filled with water and is closed by a common sealing sheet 16 sealed on the plate 12 at the periphery of each cell. In a variant, the plate 12 has only two trays.
The external surface of the sealing sheet 16 defines a flat surface designed to be provided with printings of any kinds, and in particular, advertising or promotional information.
Each tray has a peripheral lateral wall 18 closed on one side by a base 20 and defining on the other side an opening 22 for extracting the ice. This opening is initially sealed by the sealing sheet 16.
The opening 22, of a generally rectangular shape, is bordered by a peripheral external edge 24 extending the peripheral wall 18. The four trays defined in the plate 12 are integral with each other in the area of their peripheral edge 24.
The sealing sheet 16 is sealed on each tray on the edge 24 of the opening 22, along a peripheral welding 25 illustrated by a dot network.
For each tray, a corner 16A of the sealing sheet 16 is kept free and is not welded to the edge 24. It forms a grasping edge that makes it possible to grasp the sheet easily in order to remove it.
Each tray defines a generally parallelepiped closed space. Thus, the peripheral wall 18 has four faces extending substantially perpendicularly to each other. They thus have two main faces 26 having a longer length and two transverse faces 28 having a shorter length.
Each of the faces 26 and 28 are backing off in order to facilitate extraction of the ice. Thus, the peripheral face 18 defines, along planes parallel to the plane in which the opening 22 extends, a contour having a transverse section that diminishes progressively from the opening 22 toward the base 20. In other words, the peripheral wall 18 opens from the base 20 to the opening 22.
As illustrated also on
Advantageously, the groove 30 extends parallel to the main face 26 having the longer length of the container. This groove is advantageously defined in the median part of the base. It defines on both sides, on the base, two lateral ridges 32 formed at the bottom of the principal faces 26. The groove 30, as well as the lateral ridges 32, are straight.
The groove 30 has a base 34 having a substantially curved transverse section whose concavity is oriented toward the outside of the container. The base 34 is connected to the top of each ridge 32 by a flange having a continuously derivable profile, whose concavity orientation reverts itself in the median part of the flange, the flange being connected tangentially to the top of the ridge 32.
The groove 30 extends over substantially one third of the width of the base 20. Thus, each of the ridges 32 and the groove 30 extends over about a third of the width of the base 20.
The depth of the groove 30, and thus the height of the ridges 32, is substantially equal to the width of the groove 30. The depth of the groove 30 is, for example, equal to a quarter of the total depth of a tray.
The depth and the width of the groove are much higher than the thickness of the polymer sheet forming the plate 12, which sheet can be manually deformed.
As illustrated on
The pre-cuts make it possible to rupture the plate 12, and thus, to separate the containers.
In a plate comprising four trays, a single weakening line can be provided to make it possible to separate the trays by groups of two.
The sealing sheet 16 is also pre-cut by the same cut as those provided on the plate 12.
One understands that a conditioning, as illustrated on
In order to use the ice, the containers, which are initially connected to each other, are separated by rupture along the weakening lines 40. The sealing sheet of a container is taken off by peeling, causing the rupture of the peripheral welding 25. The thus open tray is then overturned so that its opening 22 is oriented toward the bottom. The fingers of the user are applied on both sides of the ridges 32 and a pressing force is applied so as to bring the ridges closer to each other, as illustrated by arrow F.
This bringing together of the ridges 32 is made possible by the presence of the groove 30 which functions as a hinge. Under this bringing together force, the ice tends to be expelled through the opening 22 of the tray. Indeed, the pressing force applied by the fingers on the ridges 32 for the deformation of the base creates a force on the ice by cam effect, this force being applied along a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the opening 22.
After initiation of the ice movement, the ice leaves the container due to the generally widening shape of the latter toward the opening 22.
One understands that the presence along the whole length of the base of the container of the longitudinal groove or furrow opening at both of its extremities makes it possible to define on both sides of the ice two independent deformable ridges. Thus, the base has generally in its median part a folding or articulating line which makes it possible for the user, by a pressing force applied on both sides of the base, to apply an extracting force on the ice during deformation of the base.
The groove 20 opening at both of these extremities, this deformation can be obtained easily over the whole length of the ice.
Thus, unmolding of the ice is facilitated.
In a variant, each container is filled with water to which syrup has been added.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US1988117 *||Feb 16, 1933||Jan 15, 1935||Gen Motors Corp||Flexible metal freezing tray|
|US2955044 *||Dec 18, 1956||Oct 4, 1960||Tupper Corp||Membranous shape-sustaining receptacles|
|US3480251 *||Mar 6, 1967||Nov 25, 1969||Gen Motors Corp||Tray and grid with grooves|
|US4023768 *||Feb 24, 1975||May 17, 1977||Herrera Casasus Crisogono||Ice cube mold|
|US4831840 *||Sep 10, 1987||May 23, 1989||Fletcher Charles J||Ice maker with covered ice tray|
|US4899976 *||Apr 29, 1988||Feb 13, 1990||Arctic Icewater, Inc.||Ice cube tray|
|US5393032 *||Nov 16, 1992||Feb 28, 1995||Arctic Icewater, Inc.||Non-reusable, peel off covered ice tray|
|US5976588 *||Sep 5, 1996||Nov 2, 1999||Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream, Inc.||Food package with filling nozzle|
|USD159356 *||Aug 10, 1948||Jul 18, 1950||Refrigerator tray|
|FR1210323A *||Title not available|
|FR2040845A5 *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US7900471||Mar 8, 2011||S. I. Incorporated||Pre-packaged, flexible container of ice and air|
|US9303910||May 6, 2013||Apr 5, 2016||Arctico Holdings, LLC||Apparatus for forming a frozen liquid product|
|US20060127555 *||Feb 13, 2006||Jun 15, 2006||Robert Breslow||Frozen additive for use with a heated beverage|
|US20070107447 *||Nov 14, 2005||May 17, 2007||Langlotz Bennet K||Sealed water-filled container with ice cube features|
|US20090260525 *||Oct 22, 2009||Brain Jordan||Cake pan|
|US20140134302 *||Mar 8, 2013||May 15, 2014||Winpak Ltd.||Damage Resistant Package|
|USD740135 *||Oct 2, 2013||Oct 6, 2015||Mars, Inc.||Connected single-serve containers|
|USD750974||May 22, 2015||Mar 8, 2016||Mars, Incorporated||Connected single-serve containers|
|U.S. Classification||249/61, 426/119, D15/90, 426/106, 249/121, 249/127|
|International Classification||F25C5/06, B65D51/24, B65D1/26, B65D53/00, F25C1/24, B65D77/08|
|Mar 29, 2010||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Aug 22, 2010||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Oct 12, 2010||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20100822


20 DECEMBER 2022 – 10 JANUARY 2023
When I first saw the ceramic works of Mina Karwanchi, the first thing that came to my mind was Sir David Attenborough. Those of us that see the resemblance between the works of British biologist and natural historian David Attenborough and Mina Karwanchi are likely to be the lucky members of a generation who watched Attenborough documentaries. Since the 1950s, Attenborough is probably one of the most prominent public figures who have warned the world against environmental pollution, climate change and its dangers. His BBC documentaries broadcasted all over the world mobilized conscious circles ranging from Hollywood celebrities, to the current ruling monarch at the throne of the United Kingdom. The king, who at the time had just become a prince when he first met Attenborough in 1958, took various actions, most notably establishing foundations with the sole mission of protecting the environment. The muse of the young environmental activist Greta Thunberg, of whom the legendary Vivienne Westwood once famously quoted saying “She should rule the world”, is undoubtedly David Attenborough.
Nowadays, environmental consciousness is definitely a present thing within the art communities. It is in itself an undertaking to explain what a great mission the environmentally aware artists undertake on environmental art, which is in the curriculum of contemporary art classes today. It is therefore not a mere coincidence that major international exhibitions like the Venice Biennale continue to showcase works with themes of climate change and pollution.
While examining the ceramic works of Mina Karwanchi, whose works will be exhibited at Gallery / Miz between 20 December 2022 and 10 January 2023, one cannot fail noticing the beauty of these works lies in their fragility. Although it is sad to realize that this fragility is the fragility of nature, which has been treated rudely since the beginning of industrialization, by human “nature”’, the aesthetic experience in the face of works makes the works perceived as subtle warnings, far from being didactic
Depicting nature in her art, her lifestyle, the expressions and statements from the oceans’ point of view is ever present in Karwanchi’s works that showcases the fragility of this ecosystem. At this point, I think it is not an an exaggeration to commemorate David Attenborough’s statement stating that by 2050 there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans, and to say that Karwachi’s expression “don’t touch me“, resembles ocean’s own distress call, is the subtext of this exhibition.


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Baseball is a Walk of Life
I love baseball. We all love baseball. It’s one of the best sports in the world. I dare someone to even attempt an argument against that. I’ll shoot your argument down very quickly. But what exactly makes baseball such a great game? Hell, how do I even answer that?
Baseball is the game of life. It is every single aspect that we all strive for each and every day. It is the ups and the downs that the world suffers on a daily basis. Stick with me here now…
(Discuss this article on the BSL Message Board here)
I’ve always had baseball in my life. I played the game since I was very young, about five or six years old. It’s always been there, but it never really meant anything until I stopped playing it. There was a point in my life where I questioned whether the game of baseball really meant anything other than just being a recreational kids’ game. I was not fortunate enough to play after my freshman year at York College of Pennsylvania. The game ends for everyone at some point, and it ended for me in college. However, something weird happened when I was cut from the game I loved. I actually seemed to grow into a better person.
Failure sucks. I failed at the game of baseball. I failed at the game I love and cherish so deeply. I struggled with this for a very long time, until I learned what the game of baseball really meant. Once I was able to cope with the fact that 0.001% of the population in America makes it in professional baseball, it became a little easier to love the game again. But that wasn’t everything. I still held a deep depression over the game ending for me. Luckily enough, there was this team called the Orioles that saved me from further torture.
Well…Alright, so the Orioles were absolutely terrible for a long time. So maybe they should not be the reason for my rebirth into baseball. But they did play a large role. They were always “there” for me in my times of darkness. It didn’t matter whether I had any friends or not. It didn’t matter whether I had messed up my love life, or had done poorly on an exam. I still had the Orioles. I still had something to relate my life back to. Now, I am sure some are wondering “how does baseball relate to real life?”.
It’s actually rather simple. The game of baseball is long and treacherous. One week your team looks terrific, and the next week they are struggling in multiple phases of the game. To me, life is the exact same way. We get overworked with little details and things that won’t be that big of a deal in a week or two. Baseball is the same way. That strikeout with runners on second and third really isn’t worth torturing yourself over. The error that allowed a runner to score? Yea, not that big of a deal in the grand scheme of things. The game was developed as a game of failure. It’s the old saying “you can fail seven out of ten times and be deemed successful”. Life is almost the same way. The beauty of baseball and life is that they tie into each other so greatly. We often fail in life, but we can learn from our mistakes and grow as people. Baseball is the same way. You will fail, but a learning experience is always there.
I’ve been very unhappy with my life at times. It’s not easy to be human. But baseball always reminds me how life is. There is no easy path in life, and baseball is the prime example of this. This is how I have learned to enjoy the game. There is no need to overwork yourself over one game. There is never a reason to react in such harsh manner. It’s a game, but it’s also a representation on life. I have learned to relate the game of baseball to life, and it has made me happier in bother aspects.
I leave you with the quote I have lived off for the past five years. Cal Ripken Sr. meant a ton to the Orioles organization, and he doesn’t even realize how much this quote has affected my life:
Baseball is a walk of life, the lessons you learn playing baseball can be applied to everyday life.
The next time you watch an Orioles game, think about this quote. It might make you enjoy and appreciate the game a little more.

domain: hobby


The mammoth TV event 24hours Mozart is a tribute to Austria's greatest musical genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of his birth in 1756. The broadcasting on 27 January 2006 via satellite from the Mozart City of Vienna represents the media highlight of the Mozart Year 2006.
24hours Mozart is taking shape on the basis of numerous co-productions. The programme is a mixture of high-profile live transmissions from famous concert venues in Europe, North America, Japan and China. Outstanding pre-produced concert recordings, documentaries, music features, short programmes, clips and more complete the programme., The success of this ambitious TV project is assured by the appearance of the most prominent Mozart interpreters of the day and a multitude of international stars. EuroArts is proud to present the top orchestras of the world, as well as today's leading period instrument ensembles.
The uniquely universal appeal of Mozart's music will be reflected in all its different facets, with selections from his operas, concertos, symphonies, chamber music and religious works. Television stations all over the world can obtain broadcasting rights for parts of the 24-hour programme or the entire event. The EuroArts Music initiated and produced project is a result of a co-operation with the City of Vienna (Wiener Mozartjahr 2006), the EBU (European Broadcasting Union), Austrian ORF, the Mozarteum Salzburg and a number of co-producing TV Stations. The
24hours Mozart sets out to repeat the enormous success of 24 hours Bach from the year 2000. EuroArts developed and produced this new media event format to mark the 250th anniversary of J.S. Bach's death in 1750. To this day, 24hours Bach continues to enjoy a huge response all over the world.. Over the years the programme has also been made available on a total of twelve DVDs. For detailed programme information please visit www.24hoursMozart.com


text:
A new audio edition of Beatrix Potter’s works is being made in honor of her birthday, and the all-star cast includes some “Harry Potter” actors.
Tagged: Beatrix Potter
Last week, we posted that Emma Thompson (Sybill Trelawney) would be reading from her new children’s story in New York on October 2. Ahead of this appearance, however, Emma was in Manchester, UK yesterday (September 29) to open a brand new “Peter Rabbit” children’s section at Gorton Library.
To promote her newest book, “The Spectacular Tale of Peter Rabbit”, writer and actress Emma Thompson (Sybill Trelawney), will be making a very special appearance at Barnes & Noble in New York City… THIS THURSDAY (October 2)!

domain: literature


text:
A well designed piece of furniture will be one that adds style and class to your home for years, maybe even decades, to come. When you purchase one of the sofas, love seats, recliners, or sectionals from the St. Louis furniture store, Peerless Furniture, you get just that; a perfectly designed piece of art for your home. Each of the manufacturers carried at the store pay close attention to detail and take their design strategies very seriously. Of all the brands on the market you will find only the top brands at Peerless Furniture. These include Natuzzi Editions, Flexsteel, Fjords, Klaussner, and Canadel.
Each of the aforementioned brands is from various places around the globe yet they all have several things in common. For instance, each of these companies is dedicated to providing high quality pieces of furniture year after year. They achieve this first by utilizing the highest quality materials on the market. Next, they pay close attention to the design demands of the consumers. They meet these demands without ever compromising the overall integrity of the furniture. Their track records for these qualities are such that despite ebbs and flows in economic states they continue to thrive.
Let’s look closer at the Fjords brand for a moment. This brand is one that is inspired by Norwegian landscape since 1941. Their philosophy is to find the perfect marriage between tradition and innovation. And they’ve accomplished that time and time again. Their furniture offers a classic style, with innovation that lends itself to some of the most comfortable and ergonomically friendly pieces on the market.
Stop in the Peerless Furniture store in Fairview Heights, IL to get an up close and personal look at the brand. You’ll see for yourself what it means to perfectly blend tradition and innovation.

domain: design


text:
“While exchange-traded funds have been catching on with mom and pop, institutions still held roughly half of all ETF assets at the end of last year, according to a study by the largest ETF firm. Sophisticated investors like brokerage firms, hedge funds and pension funds held about $250 billion of the $497 billion in U.S. ETFs at the end of December 2008, says a report from Barclays PLC (BCS), which offers investors iShares ETFs. The figure could surprise some,” Ian Salisbury Reports From The WSJ.
“In the U.S. everyone says ETFs are a retail product,” says Barclays analyst Deborah Fuhr. “Many people see them as mutual funds with extra bells and whistles.”
“Exchange-traded funds do share the same legal structure as conventional mutual funds. But there are crucial differences. ETFs trade throughout the day like a stock at prices that match their underlying values, combining features of conventional open- and closed-end funds. Moreover, almost all ETFs are index funds, meaning they don’t employ a fund manager to pick stocks but instead aim to replicate returns of a certain corner of the market, like financial stocks or small caps, an approach that is far less costly. Low costs and ease of trading means they’ve long been popular with sophisticated investors as a way to get market returns in areas where these money managers don’t want to actively pick stocks,” Salisbury Reports.
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- What is Zimbabwe best known for?
- What is the Zimbabwean culture?
- What makes Zimbabwe unique?
- Is Zimbabwe poor or rich?
- What does sadza taste like?
- Who invented sadza?
- What currency is used in Zimbabwe currently?
- Why was Zimbabwe called the breadbasket of Africa?
- What does Zimbabwe mean?
- Is English spoken in Zimbabwe?
- How many Zimbabweans are in the USA?
- What is the main food in Zimbabwe?
- Is Zimbabwe dangerous?
- How much does food cost in Zimbabwe?
- Why is Zimbabwe so poor?
- What food do Zimbabwe eat on Christmas?
- What is the most common religion in Zimbabwe?
- What are houses like in Zimbabwe?
What is Zimbabwe best known for?
It is a country of superlatives, thanks to Victoria Falls (the largest waterfall in the world) and Lake Kariba (the largest man-made lake in terms of volume).
National parks such as Hwange and Mana Pools teem with wildlife, making Zimbabwe one of the continent’s best places to go on safari..
What is the Zimbabwean culture?
Zimbabwe has many different cultures, which may include beliefs and ceremonies, one of them being Shona. Zimbabwe’s largest ethnic group is Shona. The Shona people have created many sculptures and carvings which are made with the finest materials available.
What makes Zimbabwe unique?
Zimbabwe is a nation that prides itself of its rich history and culture. The country is home to unique remnants of ancient ruins that are of cultural and historical significance to understanding ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. … One of Zimbabwe’s greatest resources is its wildlife.
Is Zimbabwe poor or rich?
Conclusion: Zimbabwe is not the world’s second poorest country. The data that a US business magazine used to rank countries from poorest to richest has since been updated. The latest IMF data puts Zimbabwe’s GDP in international dollar per capita at $2,099, making it 26th lowest out of 187 countries.
What does sadza taste like?
Sadza. Most Zimbabwean eat sadza at least twice a day. This is a stiff porridge, usually made from maize or corn meal. Although it does not have a very distinct taste of its own, most enjoy its texture.
Who invented sadza?
William GwataBackground. William Gwata was a biochemistry student during the mid-1980s when he first thought about an automatic apparatus for cooking sadza (a cooked corn meal), the staple food in Zimbabwe.
What currency is used in Zimbabwe currently?
Zimbabwe DollarWhilst the primary legal tender in Zimbabwe is the “Zimbabwe Dollar”, it currently possible for tourists to transact using the US Dollar at the offical exchange rate. There are some bureaux de change which will accept and change foreign currency, particularly US dollars.
Why was Zimbabwe called the breadbasket of Africa?
Rhodesia (Today named Zimbabwe) was known as the breadbasket of Africa until 2000, exporting wheat, tobacco, and corn to the wider world, especially to other African nations. However today, Zimbabwe, Rhodesia’s successor state, is a net importer of foodstuffs from the Western World.
What does Zimbabwe mean?
Many sources hold that “Zimbabwe” derives from dzimba-dza-mabwe, translated from the Karanga dialect of Shona as “houses of stones” (dzimba = plural of imba, “house”; mabwe = plural of bwe, “stone”). … Zimbabwe was formerly known as Southern Rhodesia (1898), Rhodesia (1965), and Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979).
Is English spoken in Zimbabwe?
English is the country’s lingua franca, used in government and business and as the main medium of instruction in schools. English is the first language of most white Zimbabweans, and is the second language of a majority of black Zimbabweans.
How many Zimbabweans are in the USA?
United States In contrast, a 2008 estimate from the Association of Zimbabweans Based Abroad put the population of Zimbabweans in the whole US at just 45,000. They make up just a small part of the Zimbabwean diaspora compared to the larger communities in South Africa and the United Kingdom.
What is the main food in Zimbabwe?
The main staple of Zimbabwean cuisine is maize/ corn and is used in a variety of dishes. Food in Zimbabwe has remained traditionally African for the most part, however British colonization certainly left its mark. Common British spices, breads, sugar and tea have become part of the daily life in Zimbabwe.
Is Zimbabwe dangerous?
Travel to Zimbabwe is generally safe, but solo travelers need to be cautious of petty crime and scams. Lack of police presence has created a hotbed of crime, which for travelers can be dangerous and at times unnerving. Here’s what you need to know about common travel scams and crime in Zimbabwe.
How much does food cost in Zimbabwe?
While meal prices in Zimbabwe can vary, the average cost of food in Zimbabwe is Z$378,210,714,008,140,032 per day. Based on the spending habits of previous travelers, when dining out an average meal in Zimbabwe should cost around Z$151,284,285,603,256,032 per person.
Why is Zimbabwe so poor?
Zimbabwe is poor because its rulers are predatory. But some blame must be shared by neighbouring governments, donors and lenders who, time and again, have looked the other way as the ruling party has rigged elections, tortured dissidents and looted the nation’s wealth.
What food do Zimbabwe eat on Christmas?
The special food eaten at Christmas in Zimbabwe is Chicken with rice. Chicken is a very expensive food in Zimbabwe and is a special treat for Christmas.
What is the most common religion in Zimbabwe?
Christianity is the dominant religion in Zimbabwe. According to the 2017 Inter Censal Demography Survey by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency 69.2 percent of Zimbabweans belong to Protestant Christianity, 8.0 percent are Roman Catholic, in total 84.1 percent follow one of the denominations of Christianity.
What are houses like in Zimbabwe?
Zimbabwean Houses Traditional houses are round and built as huts with dried mud walls and thatched roofs. Urban centers were divided into areas of low & high housing density. Also known as townships.


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Standing in a voting booth in Indianapolis two Saturdays ago, an IU freshman faced a tough decision.
College of Arts and Sciences employees made up almost 44 percent of the total contributions reported.
The Vermont senator and former — and potential future — presidential candidate spoke Friday morning.
Incumbent Sen. Joe Donnelly mentioned a debt letter sent to students by IU in his remarks on education.
The Vermont senator will appear alongside Liz Watson, the Democratic candidate for the 9th District.


Parameters and Influences for an Evaluation System of Trafficability of Vehicles on Terrain
Volume 2022, Issue 1 (2022), pp. 7–16
Pub. online: 3 November 2022 Type: Article Open Access
3 November 2022
3 November 2022
The paper deals with the investigation of parameters and influences for the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles through the terrain. Trafficability is one of the main aspects to ensure the movement of own troops, which falls into the main task of the Engineer troops - combat and general engineering support for all types of activities and operations of the army. Trafficability is the ability of a vehicle to move in rough terrain or on damaged roads and depends on many factors. The most used tool for determining trafficability in the Czech Army is the penetrometer. It is the PT-45 penetrometer, which is described in the Žen 2-16 Military Roads and Ways and the main evaluation criterion is the weight of the vehicle. Within the framework of international cooperation, soldiers encounter the manual FM 5-430-00-1 Design and design of roads, airports and heliports during events on the battlefield - road design, which works with a cone penetrometer and evaluates the throughput of the vehicle based on other factors such as properties of tires, ground clearance, engine power, etc. Inaccurate or incorrect evaluation leads not only to a stop the engagement of individual vehicles, but the entire convoy, which in terms of the operational task stops the manoeuvre and may lead to failure of the order. Therefore, it is important to know what parameters and influences have a fundamental influence on the system of evaluating the trafficability of vehicles, whether it would not be appropriate to add other aspects that will lead to higher accuracy of measurement, or, conversely, to exclude some. In solving this task, the authors decided to use the above-mentioned manuals and their evaluation systems. The objectives of the paper were achieved by analysis and calculations of individual parameters listed in these regulations, which affect the trafficability through the terrain, so that the degree of dependence is determined. It was found that some parameters have a major impact on trafficability and it is necessary to take into account even a slight change in these values. In contrast, other parameters are negligible as a result. These calculations confirm the suitability of updating the evaluation system for the telescopic penetrometer PT-45 to determine the trafficability of vehicles, so that it is possible to obtain more accurate results of measured values of the Czech army in the performance of tasks.