text:
In accordance with their ancient beliefs, the Guarani people looked forward to the coming of a God who had promised their ancestors He would someday visit them. After a long time, the tall, fair-skinned, blue-eyed, bearded God (Pa’i Shumé) finally descended from the heavens and taught the Guarani people. He instructed them in the principles of religion and agriculture, including the healing benefits of certain plants that grew in their land.
According to the legend, one of the most important things He taught them was how to harvest and prepare the leaves of a tree that eventually came to be known as Yerba Mate tree. The yerba (leaves) were to be dried, ground and cured for a long period of time and then placed into a gourd (mate), after which hot water was added. The frothy brew was to be sipped through a bombilla (bamboo straw-like device). The rich, highly nutritious beverage was meant to ensure health, vitality and longevity, but it was bitter to the taste.
The Guarani learned, however, that when stevia leaves were added to the brew, it became sweet, delicious and highly desirable. Stevia and Yerba Maté became the sacred herbs of the Guarani. Dried and cured Yerba Mate leaves became the most common ingredient in the household cures of the Guarani people and lately extended to Argentina, Uruguay and Chile.
“The Miracle of Stevia” Discover the Healing Power of Nature’s Herbal Sweetener – James May –

domain: library


text:
Strategies on How to Win Real Canadian Money There are lots of different tips and strategies that you can use to help you win real Canadian money and below you will find out favorites.There are so many different slots games available including video slots, classic titles, and progressives and many of them include bonus rounds, free games, random jackpots, and more.Love High5™ Slot Games? Enjoy Shadow of the Panther™ online slot FREE demo game at SlotsUp™ Instant Play! Get the list of Best High5 Online Casinos to.What you want to look for is a no deposit bonus and we have some of the best casino slots bonuses listed on our site.
Free Online Slots - Play 3888+ Slot Machines For Fun NoOld Town Slots. 47 likes. $1,500 Free Casino Bonus at Golden Tiger Casino::. Offering over 300 of the latest Microgaming online slots, table and card games,.5. At the end of the “Global Tiger Slot Tournament – Golden Tiger Slot”, the top 3 participants with the highest score among all properties from each tournament.Compare the best gold-themed online casino against Canada's most popular Golden Tiger Casino. free slots games. Download the free casino. Golden Tiger bonus.Expanding Wild: A special Wild symbol that stretches to fill up the entire reel it appears on.
How to pick a winning slot machine at a casino. we offer a range of free slot machine games that you might recognize. Up To Â£1500 Free Visit Golden Tiger.Play your favourite online casino games. For over 300 free games. At Casino.com we pride ourselves on the quality of our online slots and other casino games,.Free Casino Game Slots. This is the page that brings together all our Free Casino Slots Games that you are likely to find in real Online Casinos only here at Free.Lucky Tiger is one of the most rewarding slot machines that Prism has to offer. Play this online slot game for free and hit the jackpot now!.When they stop, you win cash based on the symbols you line up on your paylines.Cascading Reels: A feature in some games where winning combinations disappear to be replaced by the symbols above, forming new combinations.For example, the more paylines you play and the title you choose to play can determine how much you can potentially win.Play Golden Goddess Video slots by High 5 Games online. This free slot features: 5 reels, Free. Golden Goddess game by IGT casino software provider will not.Love High5™ Slot Games? Enjoy Shadow of the Panther™ online slot FREE demo game at SlotsUp. If you look for the mobile casino free spins slots,.
Whichever game you choose to play, they all essentially work the same way.Playing for free allows Canadians to try out the games before playing for real money.
Free Online Slots - No Deposit Bonus on Casino SlotsClassic Slots: Traditional slots that consist of three reels and can include multiple pay lines, as well as wild and scatter symbols.
Golden Lion Casino Games - Legal Gambling and The Law
Canadian-friendly Golden Tiger Casino can be played on mobile and online. Cash-in on a free no deposit bonus and play over 490 games like slots and poker.There is no need to sign up for a real money account, and using this method you can spin the reels and discover everything you need to know.
Golden Tiger Slots: Slot Games on the App Store
Golden Tiger Casino - Play casino games with $1500 Free!Golden Tiger Casino, Free Download by Microgaming. Baccarat, Roulette, and all common casino games. poker, slots, craps, roulette and many others to choose.Pay-out: The amount of money paid for a specific combination or win.
Golden Tiger Casino | £/$1500 Free Bonus & 1 Hour Casino Play!Totally free Tiger Treasures slot machine. Play more than 1400 free casino games in your browser. Slots, video poker, blackjack, roulette & more.
Take advantage of all the freebies such as free spins, freeroll tournaments, and more.Download Golden Tiger Slots: Slot Games and. winning big prizes at IGS's "Golden Tiger Slots". Features 【Free to Play. Golden HoYeah Slots Casino Games.Play Lucky Tiger Slots online and get $555 Free!. Learn all the tips and tricks on winning at Lucky Tiger slot machine. Get exclusive promotion and unmatched bonus on.Golden Tiger Casino is a long-time member of the Casino Rewards group and. slots, card games and progressive. Golden Tiger regularly launches new games,.Progressive Slots: A group of slot machines linked together in a network to form a large jackpot.Golden Tiger Casino offers online slots, table games, video poker & progressive jackpots to players of online casino from the UK. Click to find out more.
Scatter Pay: Symbols that pay out when found anywhere on the reels.Play Lucky Tiger Slots Online. 1000% bonus to play Lucky Tiger Slots online at The Virtual Casino. Start playing online Lucky Tiger. and it will trigger free games.Canadian online casino reviews, free casino games, casino. Golden Tiger; Spin. Golden Knights is a solid online slot machine game powered by IGT that has 5.Best Online Casinos Royal Vegas Casino. Golden Tiger Casino Play any game with €1500 totally free. $500 free bonus. Choose from 40 Slots and Progressive Slots.

domain: entertainment


text:
Youth Watch Society (YOWSO) on Mzimba district has enrolled on different diversion programs 17 children who violated the law.
The organisation hopes indulging the minor offenders in diversion programs will help to prevent them from committing further offences by seeking to address the underlying factors that contribute to criminal behaviour.
YOWSO Executive Director Muteyo Mukhuta Banda told a local radio station that the children who have been enrolled on the program are those who committed minor crimes like theft.
Banda said the organisation has enrolled 17 minor offenders on different diversion options such as life skills, a program in which they will undergo counselling sessions aimed at equipping them with information on the consequences of committing an offence and how to prevent one from committing an offence.
YOWSO will also civic educate parents and guardians so that they understand their responsibilities on their children and the relationship that exist between them.
The organisation believes that children who have been enrolled on the program will become productive citizens after completing the program.
According to Banda, once the young offenders complete the diversion programs, their criminal charges will be withdrawn and no criminal records will be maintained.
The diversion programs were introduced to encourage minor offenders to take responsibility for their actions and to provide them with a second chance before they are confronted with a generally punitive and adversarial criminal justice system.

domain: law


text:
GROWTH OF THE FACTORY In colonial America, more or less of the manufacturing was done by hand in a home. Labor took place in stores attached to the spatial likeness of a home. As towns grew into cities, the gather up for manufactured goods increased. Some workshop owners began hiring helpers to increase production. Relations between the employer and helper were generally harmonious. They worked spot by side, had the same interests and held sympathetic political views. The factory formation that began around the mid 1800s brought striking changes. The employers no longer worked beside their employees. They became executives and merchants who rarely saw their workers. They were less have-to doe with with their welfare than with the cost of their labor. umteen a(prenominal) workers were angry about the changes brought by the factory system. In the past, they had interpreted enceinte pride in their handi forge skills, and now railroad cars did well-nigh of the work, and they were reduced from the status of craft workers to common laborers. The were also replaced by workers who would accept lower engage. The industrial Revolution meant degradation kind of than progress. As the factory system grew, numerous workers began to form labor unions to urge their interests. The first union to make up regular meetings and collect dues was unionised by Philadelphia shoemakers in 1792. Soon after, carpenters and whip workers in Boston and printers in refreshed York also organized unions. Labors tactical manoeuvre in those early times were simple. Members of a union would agree on the wages they thought were fair.
They swear to stop working for employers who would not pay that amount. They also sought to compel employers to run down only union members. CONSPIRACY LAWS Employers embed the courts to be an effective throttle unit to protect their interests. In 1806, eight Philadelphia shoemakers were brought to trial after... This was a great try that some questions in my mind. Is the efficiency of a machine expenditure the ampere-second jobs and the hundred people who would use their wages and go buy things and alter to and boost our economy? owing(p) personal line of credit entry!!! If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper

domain: sociology


Worcester was founded in 1955. It supplies valves throughout the world for virtually any application. These include standard flanged ball valves, ANSI and DIN specifications in reduced and full bore, three-piece valves for cryogenic, high pressure, steam, diverter or sampling duty, high integrity valves, multi-way designs, modulating controls or customized solutions.
Products available include:
Floating Ball Valves - C4, C44, C51 Cryogenic Ball Valve
The C4, C44, C51 is a 3-piece and flange cryogenic ball valve specifically designed for use on liquid gases such as Nitrogen and Oxygen.
Floating Ball Valves (various configurations)
Worcester Floating Ball Valves are reduced and full bore flanged and three-piece ball valves with a large variety of special application builds to suit customer requirements.
Full Port Ball Valves – CPT
The CPT Floating Control Ball Valve is a compact rotary control valve in three-piece and flanged design that offers bubble-tight shutoff and throttling control.
Intrusive Multi-Turn Actuators - 75 Series
The Flowserve Worcester 75 Series electric actuator is specifically designed for rotary valve applications, on/off and modulating.
Pneumatic Actuators - Rack & Pinion - Worcester F39
Designed for high performance and reliability using the unique guide rod design, the F39 can be used on a variety of quarter-turn valves in a wide range of applications.
Series 72 Electri-Safe
The Flowserve Worcester 72 Series electric actuator is a powerful, compact and economical means of actuating valves with spring return / fail safe capability to meet system safety requirements


Micro silica (replacement of cement) is a great addition for concrete because it improves its engineering capabilities. Our offering also provides increased strength, durability, and thermal cracking. In addition to this, the said product is typically discovered as a by-product in high-temperature electric arc furnaces that produce ferrosilicon and metallic silicon for industrial use. Micro silica (replacement of cement) is a mineral admixture made up of incredibly small solid silicon dioxide spheres that resemble glass. The main component of this product is amorphous (non-crystalline) silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is because of its high SiO2 content, tiny particles, and huge surface area.


text:
‘Cats make history at Burton tourney
For the first time in the history of the Bob and Sharon Burton Christmas Classic Basketball Tournament, the Paden City Wildcats kept the championship trophy at home. The Wildcats defeated Tyler Consolidated in the best contest of the tournament on Saturday night, 65-46, to keep the trophy in Paden City.
In order to get to the championship round, the ‘Cats first faced off with the Lumberjacks of Valley High School, soundly defeating the Black and Gold, 60-33.
The game was close in the first period of play with both teams trading baskets and winding up the first stanza with the home team in the lead, 14-17. By half-time, Paden City had a determined eight point lead, 29-21, and held the ‘Jacks to single digits in each of the third and fourth periods to eventually take the win and send them to the championship round.
Sharpshooting sophomore, Kennedy Cain, highlighted all scorers in the game with 25 points. He also pulled down seven rebounds, had one steal and one block. Fellow sophomore Zach Heasley put 12 points on the scoreboard, blocked a shot, had three assists and one steal; freshman Luke Cooper scored 10 points, two assists, one steal and four rebounds; senior Drew Bidwell had four points, five rebounds, two steals and two assists; Brandon Cross, four points, three rebounds; Craig Allen, three points; Logan Carroll, two points, three rebounds; Kane Pyles, one assist, one rebound; and Deven Price was credited with one steal.
In the tournament opener, the Silver Knights of Tyler Consolidated took on the Hundred Hornets, winning their way to the championship game by a score of 64-32.
The Knights took a decisive 17 point lead after the first period of play and led by 29 by halftime to dominate the Hornets. Senior Darren Heintzman led all scorers in the game with 25 points. He also pulled down seven rebounds and had three steals in the win. Dylan Romine scored 12 points, had two rebounds, two assists and six steals; Alex Doak added five points, had three rebounds and had two assists; Randall Eastham chipped in five points, brought down nine boards, had one assist and three blocks; Tim Edwards totalled four points, had four rebounds and four blocks; Drew Casey, three points, three rebounds, two assists; Christian Ice, three points, two rebounds, one assist, one steal; Scott Sole, three points, three rebounds, three assists, one steal; Cole Kocher, two points, two rebounds, three steals; Isiaih Casenelli, two points, two rebounds; Dylan Reynolds, two rebounds, seven assists, five steals; and Swen Scheidemantel, three rebounds.
In the championship game on Saturday night, the Wildcats and Silver Knights played in front a large crowd on both sides of the gym. Paden City set the tone of the game by playing an old school style of slow-down basketball which had the Silver and Black second guessing themselves on the court for the first several minutes of the game. The home team patiently found their way to the basket more often than not, taking the win and the championship, 65-46 when all was said and done.
The Green and White led by seven after the first period of play, holding the Knights to only five points while scoring 12 themselves. At the half, the Knights had come on strong, outscoring the home team, 18-12, to trail by one point, 24-23 heading into the locker room.
The hot hands of Kennedy Cain and Zach Heasley proved to be just the spark the ‘Cats needed to keep the home team alive and scoring in the second half, eventually taking the win, and the championship, 65-46.
Heasley and Cain teamed up to lead the Green with 45 points between the two of them, with Heasley scoring 23 and Cain, 22. Heasley brought down nine boards, had one assist and one steal in the game; Cain pulled down eight rebounds, had one assist, four steals and blocked a shot; Cross added eight points to the mix, brought down four rebounds, and had a steal; Cooper scored eight points,had five rebounds and a steal; Price had two points; Bidwell added two points, one assist, four rebounds and one steal.
For Tyler Consolidated, sophomore Dylan Romine stepped up to lead all Silver and Black scorers with 14. He also pulled down five boards, was credited with two assists and three steals. Reynolds scored eight points, had one rebound, three assits and two steals; Heintzman scored eight, hauled in seven rebounds and a steal; Sole added six points, had two rebounds and one steal; Eastham chipped in four points, had four rebounds, three assists and a steal; Edwards put up two points, and brought down one rebound; and Kocher scored two, had three rebounds, three assists and two steals.
* * * * *
In their first game of the year, Paden City defeated Hundred at Hundred, 69-41 on Dec. 4. Sophomores Kennedy Cain and Zach Heasley teamed up for 14 points apiece in the game, with Cain hauling in eight rebounds and Heasley, four. Also adding points to the Wildcat side of the scoreboard were: Luke Cooper, seven; Kane Pyles, six; Craig Allen, five points, one rebound, one assist and one steal; Levi Meadows, four; Logan Carroll, four; Deven Price, three; Brandon Cross, two and Andrew Dennis two.
The Wildcats will see action again on Dec. 14 at East Richland. The ‘Cats will host Hundred on Dec. 18 and on Dec. 22 will Host Harman in an afternoon contest beginning at 1:30 p.m.
In their first contest of the year on Dec. 4, the Knights took on Valley at Tyler Consolidated, defeating the Lumberjacks, 60-26.
Romine led all scorers in the game with 19 points. He brought down eight boards, had four assists, one block and three steals. Alex Doak scored 11 points, had three rebounds and three steals; Reynolds added seven points; Casey, seven; Eastham, six; Casennelli, four; and Edwards, Kocher and Scheidemantel scored two points apiece in the win.
The Silver Knights will play again on Dec. 14 when they host Parkersburg Catholic. On Dec. 18 the team will visit St. Marys and will go to Doddridge on Dec. 21.

domain: news


This is a 0.5m LC (male) to LC (male) orange simplex riser-rated fiber patch cable. OM2 cables have a standard jacket color of orange and a core size of 50m. They support 10 Gigabit Ethernet for lengths measuring up to 82 meters, but are more commonly used for 1 Gigabit Ethernet applications. This optical fiber, nonconductive, riser (OFNR) cable is best suited for use in interior fiber-optic applications. A simplex cable is a single strand of fiber that works best with bi-directional transceivers as well as other single-transmitting devices. Our patch cables are 100% compliant for all of your networking needs. Our products are guaranteed by federal law to not affect or void OEM warranties.


The environmental control system developed in Project Mercury could be considered as two subsystems, the cabin system and the pressure-suit control system.
The primary function of the environmental control system was to provide
a livable gaseous environment for the astronaut. A basic requirement was
to provide a 28-hour flight capability based on an oxygen consumption of
500 cc./min at standard temperature and pressure (STP) and a maximum cabin
leakage rate of 300 cc/min STP. Four pounds of oxygen were needed to meet
this requirement, although actually the Mercury system was to be supplied
with 8 pounds to provide for complete redundancy. The next requirement
was a cabin pressurization level of 5 pounds per square inch absolute (psia)
with pure oxygen atmosphere. This pressure level was chosen as the best
compromise to provide (1) necessary oxygen partial pressure, (2) efficient
use of supply for emergency modes of operation, (3) a pressure offering
small differential change during cabin decompression emergencies, and (4)
a level for which decompression sickness would be minimal.
A closed-type environment was selected to conserve oxygen and thus reduce the oxygen weight and volume required. The astronaut at all times would wear a full-pressure suit to provide emergency decompression protection. The cabin system controlled the pressure between 4.0 and 5.5 psia. The heat-exchanger system was design for an astronaut metabolic heat production of 500 British thermal units per hour (Btu/hr).
The decision to use a 100-percent, oxygen atmosphere at 5 psia was based upon both engineering and physiological considerations. From the engineering viewpoint, the system incorporated the factors of simplicity, minimal weight, and reliability. Physiological considerations involved the requirement to prevent bends in the event of emergency decompression, and maintenance of an adequate oxygen partial pressure. The pressure-suits would operate at a pressure of 4.6 psia following cabin decompression.
Originally it was contemplated that the pressure-suit system would be maintained with pure oxygen and that the cabin would be enriched with pure oxygen at launch to provide a cabin atmosphere of approximately 66 percent oxygen and 33 percent nitrogen. This was to allow the visor of the pressure suit helmet to be opened in flight. One of the major reasons for selecting the oxygen-nitrogen mixture was the fire-prevention consideration. During the early ground tests of the system, however, it was found that nitrogen gas could concentrate in the pressure-suit circuit since the flow of oxygen into the suit was initiated by a slight negative pressure on a demand regulator. Consequently, cabin atmosphere was changed to 100 percent, oxygen and special emphasis was placed on material selection and quality control to eliminate the potential fire hazard. 14
The pressure suit was a backup system to the cabin atmosphere. Oxygen was forced into the suit at a torso connection by a battery-powered electric blower. In the, suit body cooling took place and a mixture of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen was produced. This gas mixture left the suit by a helmet connection and entered a physicochemical treatment cycle. Odors were removed by activated charcoal, carbon dioxide was removed by the chemical absorption of lithium hydroxide, and heat was removed by a water-evaporative heat exchanger. The water vapor condensed in the heat exchanger was removed by mechanical separation. Oxygen pressure was maintained in the pressure suit by a demand regulator which metered oxygen from a 7,500-psi oxygen supply. The operation time for the system would be dependent upon the system consumables: oxygen, coolant water, lithium hydroxide, and electrical power. The design was based on a carbon dioxide production rate of 400 cc./min.15
A closed-type environmental control system meeting these requirements was developed by the AiResearch Manufacturing Division of the Garrett Corp. (under a McDonnell Aircraft, Corp. subcontract). This system was located under the astronaut support couch, and the astronaut was clothed in a full-pressure suit to provide protection in the event of a cabin decompression. The cabin and pressure suit were maintained at 5 psi in normal flight with 100 percent oxygen atmosphere. Although the system was designed to control the environmental conditions automatically, manual controls were provided for use in the event of automatic-control malfunction.16
The manned development tests for the cabin system were conducted in December 1959 at the AiResearch Manufacturing laboratories. By that time the Mercury pressure-suit and the environmental control suit functioned as a unit. In October 1960, a pressure-suit control system was installed in the Johnsville centrifuge, and test were made under both manual and emergency conditions. At that time it became apparent that the system would support the astronaut in orbital flight.17 This phase is discussed later in the chapter.
The pressure-suit circuit provided breathing oxygen, maintained suit pressurization, removed metabolic products, and, through positive ventilation, maintained gas temperatures.
The single-piece pressure suit itself was developed by the U.S. Navy, NASA, and the B. F. Goodrich Co. The Navy Mark IV was chosen as the basic suit, with modifications as requirements were clarified.
15. Johnston reported (ibid.) that these oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates originally established for Mercury had not been exceeded, and that flight data had been determined grossly at 360 cc/min.
16. See, for example, Stanley C. White, Richard S. Johnston, and Gerard J. Pesman, "Reviews of the Biomedical Systenis Prior to the MR-3 Ballistic Flight," an undated manuscript circa winter 1959-60. See also Richard S. Johnston, "Mercury Life Support Systems"; Anton A. Tamas. "Toxicological Aspects of Closed Atmospheric Systems"; William R. Turner, "Regenerative Atmosphere Systems for Space Flight"; and E. L. Hayes and Roland A. Bosee, "Development and Evaluation of Bio-Astronautic Life Support Systems," all in Life Support Systems for Space Vehicles, SMF Fund Paper No. FF-25, IAS, Jan. 1960.
17. See also William S. Augerson, James
P. Henry, et al., "Project Mercury Life Systems Aspects of Third Mercury-Aviation
Medical Acceleration Laboratory Centrifuge Program," NASA Project Mercury
Working Paper No. 187, Apr. 20,1961.


text: A literature review examples of senior thesis papers is the synthesisof the available literature regarding your research topic. a literature review can be just review the literature a simple summary of the sources, but it research paper methods section usually has an organizational pattern and combines cramster homework solutions both summary and synthesis the strengths and limitations of this review must jfk research paper be considered. a literature review is a critical analysis of published sources, or literature, on a particular topic. jun 28, 2010 · take the mystery review the literature writing a character analysis essay out of this academic assignment. literature review writing in thesis or dissertation problem solving methods of teaching entails making a critical evaluation of books, theories, journals, scholarly articles, lectures, seminar presentations, etc. good concluding sentences for essays in either case, its purpose is to: therefore, to write a literature review it is compulsory that you are a real expert in transitional phrases and words for essays the object of study nov 09, 2017 · in short, the literature review is a snapshot of the current state of research on mla formatted research paper example your review the literature topic, including research on study variables and major concepts or theories of your study. 1.4m [pdf] writing review the literature a literature review – university of otago https://www.otago.ac.nz/hedc/otago615355.pdf producing a literature review is a complex task requiring a range of skills, from collecting material to writing a professional discussion of what you have found (see table 1) a literature review the literature review reveals the current state of research on a given topic or any given topic. it identifies and summarizes sample personal essays all the relevant research conducted on a particular topic. conducting a comprehensive literature essay about air pollution cause and effect review is an essential step in research and publication. jun 09, 2020 · conducting a literature review involves collecting, evaluating and analysing publications does turnitin check other students papers (such as books and journal articles) that relate to your research question. in all learning institutions, any bash assignment literature assignment given to a scholar should be submitted on time may 07, 2013 · introduction review of literature is one of the most importantsteps in the research process.

domain: literature


The Shimano Altus RD-M310 rear derailleur is a quality, durable replacement rear derailleur for 7 and 8-speed drivetrains. - 13t upper and 15t lower pulleys - Maximum cog size: 34t - Total capacity: 43t
Shimano's Deore Shadow+ Rear Derailleur is loaded with mountain bike technology. The Shadow design tucks the rear derailleur closer in to the wheel, reducing damage from rocks, roots, and trail obstacles. When it comes to gear changes, Shimano's Dyna-Sys supplies consistent, smooth shifting across the entire cassette. And the Shadow+ clutch maximizes chain control by virtually eliminating chain slap and excess noise with its integrated cage-tensioning clutch. - Medium Cage (for 2x10 drivetrains) - Long Cage (for 3x10 drivetrains) - For use with Shimano 10-speed drivetrains - High-efficiency drivetrain for aggressive trail riding - Optimized gear combinations and ratios for trail riding - Maximum chain wrap capacity: 41T (medium cage)/43T (long cage) - Largest cog: 42T (medium cage)/36T (long cage) - Compatible with wide range cassette - Silent and stable for technical trail riding - Improved stability and chain retention longevity - Light shifting effort - OPTISLICK cable - Smooth and precise shifting - DYNA-SYS compatible system
Shimano blows us away again with the XTR Shadow Plus 10-speed rear derailleur. The Shadow design is already well known and loved for its direct cable routing and low profile that greatly lessens the risk of snagging your cable on roots or tagging your derailleur on rocks. Shimano's Plus derailleur technology is a one-way clutch system that stabilizes the cage and your chain when ripping over rough terrain. Chain slap and noise is virtually eliminated and dropped chains are practically a thing of the past. Of course, it retains XTR's legendary smoothness, light action and super precise shifting. Once you ride a Plus derailleur, you'll never want to ride without it!
Shimano Deore XT RD-M8050 Di2 Rear Derailleur - Accurate and stable shifting in any condition - Instant response - Customized shift speed within Multi-shift - Powerful shifting - Seamless gear change even under high load - Smart and efficient gear selection with Shimano Synchro Shift - Single lever operation - Rider-programmable shift mapping - Drivetrain Speeds: 11 - Maximum Sprocket: 42T(2x11-speed)/46T(1x11-speed) - Minimum Sprocket: 11T - Front Difference: 10T - Total Capacity: 35T - Average Weight: 320 grams
The SRAM Force 1 rear derailleur adopts all the technologies of SRAM 1x MTB to provide the fastest, quietest 1x shifting available. SRAM’s unique clutch system eliminates chain slack, providing for smoother, quieter, and more secure chain travel. - A dedicated 1x rear derailleur - EXACT ACTUATION for fast and accurate shifts using SRAM’s 1:1 actuation ratio (shifter cable travel: derailleur movement). - 10- and 11-speed compatible - X-SYNC pulley features a 12-tooth design that helps control the chain’s lateral movement - X-HORIZON “straight parallelogram” design limits all movement to the horizontal axis, which makes ghost shifting impossible while also reducing shift force - ROLLER BEARING CLUTCH’s one-way roller clutch controls chain tension for consistent shifting - Cage Lock technology makes for fast wheel changes or chain installation - Available in Short: 11-26 through 11-28 / Medium: 11-26 through 11-36 / Long 11-32 through 10-42 cage lengths Short Cage: Chain Wrap Capacity (teeth): 18 teeth Largest Cog: 28 Weight: 250 g Medium Cage: Chain Wrap Capacity (teeth): 26 teeth Largest Cog: 36 Weight: 262 g Long Cage: Chain Wrap Capacity (teeth): 32 teeth Largest Cog: 42 Weight: 271 g
The SRAM RED eTap rear derailleur executes shifts the instant you demand, wirelessly. It's easy to set up, clean in appearance, and delightfully uncomplicated. Mechanical necessities, such as a carbon pulley cage, ceramic pulley bearings, and anodized alloy artfully blend with proprietary electronic advancements to deliver a shifting wonder. - SRAM eTap shift logic and wireless operation - Fits all 11-speed SRAM road cassettes up to 11-32T - 2x and 1x compatible - Updated version of the original SRAM RED eTap rear derailleur - Orbit chain management technology keeps drivetrain quiet and secure - Larger X-SYNC pulleys and ceramic bearings for increased durability and efficiency - Compatible with existing eTap batteries
Page 1 of 1


text:
The 40-episode series focuses on 3 strong-willed women living in Northern Song with the main characters of Zhao Pan Er (portrayed by Liu Yi Fei), Sun San Niang (portrayed by Liu Yan) and Song Yin Zhang (portrayed by Jelly Lin of the Mermaid movie fame). The 3 ladies have different personalities, and faces different experiences and tribulation throughout the series.
Zhao Pan Er is driven, smart and bold, managing a small teahouse in the Qiantang county with her good friend Sun San Niang. When her fiancé Ouyang Xu passes the Scholarly exam, she looks forward to joining him in the capital city. Unfortunately, Ouyang Xu is matched with Lady Gao for an arranged marriage, resulting in the scholar abandoning Pan Er. Instead of accepting fate, Pan Er travels to the capital to seek for an answer.
As she travels to the capital city, she encounters and saves the slightly cold and arrogant Gu Qian Fan who is from the Capital Security Office, coincidentally in Qiantang county to investigate a case. As they travel towards the capital city together, they cross path with Sun San Niang and Song Yin Zhang. San Niang is divorced and looks forward to a new life elsewhere while Yin Zhang is cheated and abused by husband Zhou She.
As Pan Er and San Niang plan out a scheme to rescue the abused Yin Zhang, Pan Er pretends to be a rich courtesan to trick Zhou She. They ended up in court, whereby Pan Er manages to get a divorce request for Yin Zhang, obtaining the title deed to compensate Yin Zhang’s dowry and even exiling Zhou She.
Historic Titbits # 1 : The Court case is actually a key scene in the Chinese opera of Zhao Pan Er Feng Yue Jiu Feng Chen” (赵盼儿风月救风尘) by Guan Han Qing (关汉卿). The original Chinese story focuses on Song Yin Zhang requesting the assistance of Zhao Pan Er from an abusive marriage.
Historic Titbits # 2 : Song Dynasty’s women are able to seek divorce, subject to specific conditions. This allows Yin Zhang to succeed in her court case against Zhou She.
Historic Titbits # 3 : Yin Zhang is a pipa musician of the Song Dynasty attached to the government, whereby she is paid a salary to perform. During Song Dynasty, pipa is a popular instrument with its rounded body (not to be confused during Qin Dynasty whereby pipa refers to a slightly different instrument).
Upon reaching Eastern Capital, Pan Er confronts Ouyang Xu. Ouyang Xu is unable to fulfil the 3 requests set by Pan Er and decides to avoid her by getting out of the city by being a Taoist-rite official elsewhere. Pan Er, San Niang and Yin Zhang decide to stay on in Eastern Capital and open a tea-house selling tea and Jiangnan snacks. Their business venture is innovative whereby they introduce scarcity to increase the pricing, with the price taking into consideration of skillsets in preparing tea and great ambience with good accompanying music. As other teahouses are threatened with their new venture, there are copy cats everywhere although these competitors are unable to fully immerse and provide similar quality in terms of tea and snacks.
Observations #1 : Using honed skillsets to prepare tea and snacks with passion, married with good business acumen will turn a business profitable anytime anywhere. 😀
Historic Titbits # 4 : The introduction of the art of tea in the series is reflective of the key importance of tea in the daily life during Song Dynasty. During the competition between the teahouse owner Mr Hu and Pan Er, the art of brewing tea is very special with the use of “dragon and phoenix porcelain”, whisking method to infuse water and tea, the longevity of the whisked foam, even the art of foam on tea. Interesting!
Meanwhile back in Eastern capital, Gu Qian Fan is thrown into the complicated plots of the various factions in the palace. Although surnamed Gu (following her mother’s maiden surname), Qian Fan is actually the son of Xiao Qin Yan a shrewd official waiting to be called back to service as the Prime Minister. He has dedicated his last decade of service under official minister Qi Mu to serve the Emperor by being the mole with Eunuch Lei Jing in Capital Security Office. He is pulled in different directions and his own loyalty and beliefs are tested.
Muses on Acting, Girl-Power and Romance – Zhao Pan Er and Gu Qian Fan
This is my first time watching Liu Yi Fei in a costumed drama series. I hated her acting in the movie Mulan (2019), but really like her in Zhao Pan Er’s character. She is able to carry through the quick-witted but slightly wilful rural girl, who is out to prove herself worthy. She is tough on the outer side, but suffering confidence issue due to her “pariah” status in the past.
I like her persistence in chasing her beliefs. She is also open to listening to criticism (especially from Gu Qian Fan!), and reflects upon her own actions. She is also good with communication – able to identify her own hurt from the abandonment by Ouyang Xu, but clearly giving an ultimatum to Gu Qian Fan to be able to identify his own intention before moving forward in their relationship.
Observations # 2 : Liu Yi Fei has a slightly crooked nose bridge, but her fuller face is very pretty. She looks healthy, as compared with the other thin actresses. And reports state that she is a very friendly and generous actress, giving away presents to crew and cast members.
I have watched Chen Xiao in other drama series before, but do not have high expectation of his performances. The character of Gu Qian Fan is a little confusing. Being branded the Living Devil, presumably ruthless in his pursuit of the prisoners and confessions, his character is totally different when he is with Pan Er. The stark contrast is a little unbelievable, and his ease in succumbing to his emotions while in love, but maintaining the cold exterior of an investigating officer is also difficult to empathise with.
However, the chemistry between Liu Yi Fei and Chen Xiao is great in the series, and I look forward to all their interactions. I love their squabbles, and their trust in each other. I love the fact that Qian Fan is usually critical of Pan Er’s actions but still supportive of her decisions. I love how Pan Er is transparent in her communication raising her own trust and understanding of Qian Fan, knowing he has many secrets before they meet. It is very reflective of realistic real life communication issues of a couple, and a positive vibe to the relationship as well.
My only grouse is towards the end of the series, their romance starts becoming stale with more misunderstandings. Instead of making the series interesting, the direction seems to be aimless and actually starts showing cracks in the whole series.
Other Non-Believable Girl-Power
Song Yin Zhang’s character is a little more muted. Naïve, timid & a little more introverted, and heavily influenced by her experiences. However, her love for music is apparent and her dedication towards pipa instruments leads her towards her own self-discovery. I have never really had a good impression of Jelly Lin and obviously the character she portrays Yin Zhang is also not my favourite. Yin Zhang’s character seems weak with no clarity in thoughts, making it very difficult for me to empathise with her especially her frequent need for approval and reliance on others.
Her 2nd encounter with womaniser Shen Ruo Yun is almost a repeat of her first mistake – naively trusting the fake gentleman Shen Ruo Yun. I find it very difficult to empathise with the character, mainly due to the weak & immature personality. However, I also felt that the character is terribly developed. At the Minister Lin’s manor, Song Yin Zhang is actually saved from the scheming Shen Ruo Yun who is offering her to the minister for pleasure, by an angel in the form of singer Zhang Hao Hao. Definitely she did not save her ownself. Subsequently, she is supposedly more aware and built her own confidence overnight which I find it difficult to believe.
Sun San Niang’s character is fiery and direct, very much an open book. Putting behind her cheating husband and the hurt she experiences, her interaction with Du Chang Feng is often comical. However, as character-development, the series really does not focus on this character. I am glad that the two of them got together, although their romance is a little cringe-worthy. 😀
There is a side couple of Chief Guard Chi Pan and singer Zhang Hao Hao, which I also like. Their interaction is very cute, with the slightly childish Chi Pan always giving in to the Zhang Hao Hao. I really thought it would be great for them to end up together. I really am getting to like Dai Xu the actor who portrays Chief Guard Chi Pan. The characters that he has portrayed is so different – a childish, not so smart but proud & cute Chief Guard in this series, a secretive villain in Last One Standing and a egoistic husband in Love is True. Very impressive.
Who is the Real Villain?
The series painted Ou Yang Xu as the real villain, a scholar willing to let go of everything for reputation and the chance to rise up the ranks of being an official. The character development seems to paint him in better light at the beginning, then his missteps become bigger and bigger, until he goes through the dark path to manipulate, scheme against others for his own benefits and even trying to kill Pan Er. An easy villain to blame.
However, I find the characters painted of the Emperor and Empress worse. Supposedly very much in love, but the Empress scheming to rid the officials by overstepping her own boundary. And then to save her own reputation (of once being married to another before being the wife of the Emperor). I would say the real villain is really the egoistic royalties!
The first ¾ of the series is fast-moving, and continuously pulls you in. Somehow, the last 10 episodes or so seems to morphed into a different direction (and not a good one at that). The final rating is reflective of this very messy ending. The ending feels rushed with aimless direction and no strong plots to get it moving.
Watch this series for the romance and very interesting historical information of the Song Dynasty, especially at the beginning. Ultimately, it is a romance series, but it goes haywire towards the end. The focus on the 2 main leads is great until the plot gets really, really weird at the end. The characters are loosely developed, most are one-dimensional. The attempt to paint them in different dimensions failed miserably and often very confusing.
The chemistry between Liu Yi Fei and Chen Xiao’s characters are great, but could not be used to sustain a 40-episode long series. Acting-wise, I do like both the leads’ acting, but unfortunately, the plot really got lost half way. No amount of good acting could fix it. Cut the series a lot of slacks especially in the last 10 episodes. Otherwise, you may be better off skipping this series.

domain: artistic


text:
Salzburg open-air museum
competition, 3rd prize
Großgmain / Salzburg
The Salzburg Freilichtmuseum (open-air museum) is an excellent educational facility as well as a condensed aesthetic concentration of the history of rural building at a special place. Therefore, in designing a new visitor centre use was made of the existing spatial and structural situations.
The different functions are arranged around a courtyard as individual buildings with specific roof forms. The spatially compact layout is placed under a shared protective envelope. The floor plan organisation of the individual parts reflects the farmstead type known as the Flachgauer Einhof. “Tenne” (barn) and “Flur” (hallway) here become the foyer.
Each of the three functional areas is a compact volume with a room height appropriate to its function and is placed under a projecting roof. Together the projecting roofs form the required foyer and circulation areas, through the different room heights of the functional areas additional top light can be provided where the roofs meet.
The roofed foyer areas are surrounded by a simple, permeable and delicate timber construction. Externally, towards the woods and the museum site, the foyer is “fenced in”: three layers of diagonal timber slats allow a fractured, atmospheric light and views, at the end of the day and in winter the façade can be closed completely. This is a response to the different kinds of fencing used and exhibited here (known as Schröghag, Steckenhag, Dunkelzaun).
Like a veranda the foyer is adequately protected from the weather by the projecting roofs and the delicate walls. With a degree of openness that can be modulated, the simple facade integrates the natural surroundings in the building. The weather and climate are consciously experienced, the transition from the protected to heated areas can be felt physically.
The traditional historical construction methods of the buildings presented in the open-air museum are interpreted in a contemporary way: a simple timber construction with projecting roofs (cross-laminated timber) is erected on a concrete plinth.
The selected location is a level plateau on a small hill with views towards the Untersberg and an exit in the direction of the enlarged mill pond. By placing the offices higher than the public area underground interventions can be kept to a minimum.
To reduce the difference in altitude and the distance to the cableway station the mill could be moved further up the slope, behind the small body of water.
client: Salzburger Freilichtmuseum
Team ARTEC Architekten:
Bettina Götz and Richard Manahl
Jun Wook Song, Héctor Farré Cortada, Gerda Polig, Josef Schröck,
Dragana Gavric, Sedef Kücükandac
model: Roland Stadlbauer
ARTEC Architekten (model)

domain: design


text:
I am trying to book a trip for my 40th birthday. Initially i was planning on going to Panama but many people are suggesting Belize as a better location. We are looking for some beach and some hiking/sporting type activities and maybe a night or two out on the town for good food and drinks. I know very little about each place, I do know that if in Panama you need to take a short flight to Boca del Torro... We are trying to book a trip to go the early part of May for 7 days.
Any info you may have is greatly appreciated!
Belize or Panama
Recent ActivityView all Mexico & Central America activity »
- 1 8 days in costa rica!
- 2 Old Belize, Belize (Don't Go!)
- 3 5 Star NOT AI Beachfront Playa del Carmen
- 4 Help me with 3rd trip to CR: Bosque del Cabo & WHERE else in Feb?
- 5 Car Rental in Panama
- 6 Costa Rica Itinerary Help!
- 7 Belize
- 8 Planning trip to Panama
- 9 Copa Airlines?
- 10 A FOOD-FOCUSED REPORT: MEXICO CITY, PUEBLA, OAXACA
- 11 time share jerks in mexico !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- 12 Intercultura Samara Language School, and Safety in Samara
- 13 Costa Rica - Guanacaste and ? near the arenal volcano or la fortuna
- 14 bicycle through central america
- 15 Cancun,playa del carmen,riviera maya, playa mujeres
- 16 Tijuana Safety in 2015?
- 17 Spanish Language immersion schools in summer (N of Mexico City)?
- 18 Cenotes near Playa Del Carmen
- 19 Panama
- 20 Celebrating Day of the Dead in Oaxaca - 2015 - Thoughts?
- 21 planning a very short belize trip for snorkeling, scuba etc, please help.
- 22 transportation from SJD to Los Barriles
- 23 9 Days in Costa Rica // Itinerary Help // Travel agency?
- 24 Costa Rica
- 25 Which of these locations?

domain: travel


text:
“In science and medicine, information is constantly changing and may become out-of-date as new data becomes available. Whilst we try to keep up to date, all articles, videos and interviews are for information only, and are not intended to replace advice you may be given by your medical team.”
If CLL is suspected, a number of tests will be carried out.
FBC is one of the key tests and is usually the first step.
Blood contains three types of cells:
For an FBC a sample of blood is taken and examined in the laboratory. The number and appearance of red cells, white cells and platelets are recorded and compared with normal blood test results.
However, an FBC on its own does not confirm CLL and further tests will be required.
The most common tests include:
A lymph node biopsy is a minor surgical procedure where a small sample is taken from a lymph node, then examined under a microscope to help confirm the diagnosis.
Further tests are carried out when the time comes to consider treatment.
Once diagnosed, your consultant will ‘stage’ your CLL. Staging is used to describe where the CLL is located and the extent to which the CLL is affecting the blood count and the number and size of lymph nodes. Staging CLL in this way helps your consultant to predict how quickly the cancer may grow and to keep track of it.
There are two main systems to stage CLL. Most doctors in the UK use the Binet system. In the USA, doctors commonly use the Rai system.
The Binet Staging System
This is a three-step staging system (A, B and C) based on the number of swollen lymph node areas and blood cell counts.
It is possible to have CLL and still have a good quality of life.
Many patients have no symptoms and carry on with life as normal. For some, their CLL may be so slow developing that treatment is not necessary. Others can manage their condition with the appropriate treatment.
New treatments introduced in the last few years mean that, generally speaking, patients now have a better prognosis (outlook) than before.
As a CLL patient, you will need to have regular blood tests to monitor the level of CLL cells in your blood and also to look at your general health.
You will find it useful to keep a copy of your blood results to help you see how you are progressing.
One of the main tests your medical team is interested in is the Full Blood Count (FBC). This measures how many blood cells of each kind there are in your blood. The FBC is important as it shows how the CLL, or treatment, is affecting you. The following chart shows the main blood counts that your medical team will be focusing on. It is useful to know some of the medical terms that may be used in discussions with your medical team.
|White Cells||Red Cells||Platelets|
|What they do:||Fight infection||Carry oxygen||Stop bleeding|
|Low counts are called:||Neutropenia||Anaemia||Thrombocytopenia|
|Symptoms||Infections||Tiredness, Breathlessness||Bruising, bleeding|
In a healthy person, the blood counts usually stay the same, with slight variations (both up and down) over time or because of infections. The table below shows how many of each kind of blood cell a healthy person will have. If your counts are outside the ranges shown, your doctor will monitor you carefully to see if there is a trend that could in the future lead to treatment.
|White cells||Red cells||Haemoglobin*||Neutrophil||Platelets|
|Adult Male||4.0 to 11.0||4.5 to 6.5||13.0 to 18.0||2.0 to 7.5||150 to 440|
|Adult Female||4.0 to 11.0||3.8 to 5.0||11.5 to 16.5||2.0 to 7.5||150 to 440|
Note that these counts must be assessed by a doctor. They will be different for patients of African-Caribbean decent.
*Haemoglobin is a protein used by red blood cells to distribute oxygen to other tissues and cells in the body.
With CLL, total white cell counts tends to go up, often well above normal, while the other cell counts tend to go down. This is because the white cells crowd out the other cells or prevent from them being manufactured. However, remember:
Rule of thumb
As a general guide, it is important to be aware that the white count is most useful at the time of diagnosis to identify CLL. However, after diagnosis, changes in the CLL cells (i.e. the white cells increasing) are not as useful in monitoring CLL as changes in the normal cells (i.e. falling haemoglobin and/or platelets.)
Normally, your immune system helps your body to fight infections. However, in CLL patients, the immune system can be weakened, and there is an increased risk of more severe infections. Your doctor or nurse may want to talk to you about this, and it will help you to understand some of the terms that might be used.
Your immune system is a network of cells, tissues and organs, which protect your body against infection. Lymphocytes play an important part in this. There are lots of different types of lymphocyte, but the important ones to know about are T cells and B cells. These are types of white blood cells which fight infection. CLL affects B cells by allowing them to grow out of control, because they don’t ‘switch off’ and die when they should. They then crowd out other cells, like T cells, from the bone marrow. They may swamp your lymph nodes and spleen, making them enlarged. When this happens, your body can’t produce enough T cells, and the B cells that are produced are immature and don’t work properly.
One of the key measures of how your CLL may be progressing is to look at the number of white cells in your blood. This is usually done by examining the Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), and you may hear this mentioned by your consultant.
Your lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is a network of thin tubes called lymph vessels, that run around your body. Connected to the vessels are lymph nodes or lymph glands. In CLL, these can become swollen as the abnormal lymphocytes build up there. The ones in your neck, armpits and groin are usually most affected and you may also experience swelling of your spleen.
If you have CLL, you are more likely to pick up infections. This is because CLL weakens your immune system. It is important, therefore, to make sure you are vaccinated for a range of infections as soon after diagnosis as possible. You may also need regular booster vaccinations. Your doctor will advise you about this.
You must NOT receive vaccines which contain live or attenuated (weakened) viruses. These include: yellow fever, oral polio, measles, smallpox, MMR and shingles.
Also note that babies who have received the oral polio vaccine should be avoided for at least a week, as they can pass on the live virus. Similarly, avoid children who have been recently vaccinated using a live virus including the nasal flu vaccine.
Your healthcare team will advise you, but the most useful vaccinations you should consider are:
Flu Vaccine. This may not work for you as well as for people without CLL, but it should offer at least some protection. You should have this vaccine annually. Your close family should be vaccinated too as this will protect them from getting flu and from passing it on to you.
Pneumonia. For pneumococcus, modern practice for CLL patients is to give two vaccines some time apart. These are known as Prevnar-13 (child vaccine) and the usual Pneumovax-23. You should talk to your CLL consultant about having these. Your G.P. may not be aware of this. It is not necessary to have this vaccine annually. Your doctor will advise when you may need to renew it.
Shingles. The only vaccination currently available for people with blood cancer is the non-live vaccine Shingrix. Until September 2023 it can be given only to people aged 70 – 79, but from September it will be available from age 50, with no upper limit. You can find more about shingles here.
For more information on vaccinations for CLL patients, see the video of the presentation given by Dr Helen Parry at the CLLS Birmingham Conference in 2018 here.
If you are getting lots of infections and your antibodies (infection-fighting proteins in your blood) are low, you may be offered IVIg as an infusion every 7 days or so to help boost your immune system. Immunoglobulin can also be offered to some patients as self-administered injections under the skin at home. This is usually given every 1 to 2 weeks can also be offered to some patients as self-administered injections to be done at home.
If you become significantly anaemic, either because of your CLL or during treatment, you may require one or more blood transfusions. If you’ve been treated with certain chemotherapy drugs, such as fludarabine, bendamustine and alemtuzumab (Campath) and need a transfusion, you must receive irradiated blood products. Note that this applies to platelet transfusions also. The transfusion of non-irradiated blood is not a problem for CLL patients who haven’t had these drugs.
In addition, patients undergoing peripheral blood lymphocyte collections for future CAR-T cell re-infusion should receive irradiated cellular blood components for 7 days prior to and during the harvest, to prevent the collection of viable allogeneic (donor) T lymphocytes. Irradiated blood components should continue to be used until 3 months following CAR-T cell infusion unless conditioning, disease or previous treatment determine indefinite duration, for example, previous purine analogue treatment (Fludarabine or Bendamustine).’
For this reason, if you fall into this category, it is advisable to wear a wristband identifying you as an at-risk leukaemia patient who needs irradiated blood products. Your consultant or Clinical Nurse Specialist should give you a warning card that you should always carry with you.
For CLL patients infection can be a real risk. However, you can reduce this by:
Seek advice from your consultant or GP regarding a prescription for a course of antibiotics for you to have to hand in the event of getting an infection.
Who we are
We are a patient led UK charity, our mission is to support and empower CLL patients, their families and their carers.Read more
Our 24 hour membership telephone number is: 0800 977 4396
CLL is a malignancy of B lymphocytes, one of several types of cells of the immune system.Read more
Donate to support our CLL communityDonate now
Connect to others who understandOpen in a new tab

domain: medical


text:
Catholic dating: want to meet catholic girls, catholic women, or catholic men for genuine relationships and catholic friendships this is the catholic online dating site for you. Meet catholic singles in chesterland, ohio online & connect in the chat rooms dhu is a 100% free dating site to find single catholics. Single by vocation “single men and women who have given themselves wholeheartedly many of its beliefs are in line with catholic teaching on the life. Confirmed bachelor: why good men stay single he feels it is an old-fashioned notion for men to provide in a single for thousands of catholic singles. The dating dearth: a man's perspective if you are an unmarried woman trying the journal of the authentic catholic woman publisher why don't the men ask us.
Meet loads of available single women in chesterland with mingle2's chesterland men | chesterland chesterland single parents chesterland catholic. Every good catholic single girl knows the golden rule: meet catholic single men and catholic single women in your area today. Catholicmatchcom is the best place for catholic singles to meet online find single catholic men and single catholic women in our community for catholic dating, catholic friendship and. Join catholicmatchcom, the clear leader in online dating for catholics with more catholic singles than any other catholic dating site men women state & province.
Catholic men 100% free catholic singles with forums, blogs, chat, im, email, singles events all features 100% free. Although it’s not always the most comfortable conversation topic, religion can matter in dating for members of the catholic faith, it can sometimes be difficult to find a partner who shares.
Nevertheless, i face the problem that i think many single men in the catholic church do nowadays: that it seems to be easier to be a single catholic man. Meet catholic singles online now you can use our filters and advanced search to find single catholic women and men in your area who match your interests. A look at online dating for catholics: benefits, but also risks and eligible catholic men “it’s unrealistic for a single catholic to assume they.
Meet catholic singles in painesville, ohio online & connect in the chat rooms dhu is a 100% free dating site to find single catholics.
The roles of men and women for thousands of catholic singles, anthony offers guidance, humor, understanding, and practical relationship advice. Catholicpeoplemeetcom is the premier online catholic dating service catholic singles are online now in our large online catholic dating community. A blog for catholic men that seeks to encourage virtue 61 people replies to “get married, young man, part 1: dating to marry. Irish single men thousands of photos and profiles of men seeking romance, love and marriage from ireland.


|Publication number||US4270158 A|
|Application number||US 06/954,451|
|Publication date||May 26, 1981|
|Filing date||Oct 25, 1978|
|Priority date||Nov 3, 1977|
|Also published as||CA1147445A, CA1147445A1, DE2862018D1, EP0001831A2, EP0001831A3, EP0001831B1|
|Publication number||06954451, 954451, US 4270158 A, US 4270158A, US-A-4270158, US4270158 A, US4270158A|
|Inventors||Giovanni Gilardoni, Sergio Gilardoni|
|Original Assignee||Antonino Ravida, Regina Carla Ezzevalli Ravida|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (30), Classifications (14), Legal Events (1)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
It is known that modern technique has supplied a large quantity of apparatuses based on the use of electric current; and this not only on a technical or industrial level, but also at any other level, as for schools, homes and so on.
Apart from a few cases of entirely sealed apparatuses, most of these apparatuses provide for no safe protection against electric current fulminations. In other words, there are many apparatuses having a structure such as to make it possible to create a contact--either directly or indirectly--between one part of the human body, particularly a hand of the user, and parts of the apparatus conducting electric current. In this case, the effects on the human body may either be very weak--as a simple electric shock--or most serious, as scalds or fulminations.
It should be noted in particular that, even if some electrically fed apparatuses have a structure such as not to allow a direct contact of the user's hand with electrically conductive parts, they however provide for no protection--nor is it on the other hand possible in certain cases--against an indirect contact, as may happen for example for the conduction produced by humidity or by water drops penetrating into the apparatus.
To make the above more clear, we can refer to a typical example of domestic apparatus being subject to the aforementioned drawbacks, and precisely to electric hair-driers, or to an equally typical example of industrial apparatus being subject to the same drawbacks, and precisely to cement mixers, particularly the small electrically fed mixers for building yards. It is obvious however that these examples have to be considered as purely indicative, since there are very many apparatuses involving the same problems.
For what concerns a hair-drier type apparatus, the danger derives from several circumstances:
--to start with, it is an apparatus which undergoes lots of movements during which the feeding cable is repeatedly bent in opposite directions and is hence subject, especially near the handgrip, to the breaking of the protection sheath: any uncovered wires in said position may easily cause electric discharges on the operator's hand, or short circuits;
--even supposing that the wire is in perfect order, or that it is replaced as soon as it shows wear or ageing, the apparatus itself is of an essentially open type--just in relation to its function of heating and circulating air--and its openings lead directly onto electrically conductive parts, as the electric motor of the fan, or the electric heating element. Though excluding the possibility that the user might introduce a finger in such openings--which possibility should not really be excluded considering that such an apparatus may easily get into the hands of children--it is still certain that the steam present in a bath-room, or the humidity of the hands of those who have just washed their hair, or any water drops which might fall from the hair into the apparatus, are all elements which may lead to the conduction of electric current out of the apparatus itself, with consequent risks of fulminations. Nor can one fully exclude the possibility that an apparatus of this type may accidentally fall into the bath water while someone is having a bath, and in this case the risk of fulmination is even higher.
Substantially the same dangers occur, in the industrial field, when using an electric cement mixer. In this case, in fact, the motor for dragging the mixer is normally contained in a box which-- in order to allow a sufficient cooling of the motor itself--is provided with a number of openings. Though excluding, also in this case, that the operator might be so careless as to introduce some electrically conductive element, or even his fingers, into said openings, it is undoubted that--both when filling the mixer with cement and water, and when possibly washing the mixer with a water-spout--the danger that an electric current discharge may reach the operator, due to water conduction, should by no means be neglected.
A further danger derives moreover--in both the aforecited cases, as well as in all those cases in which the flexible feeding cable undergoes easy wear--from the fact that the insulation coating of said feeding cable may get peeled or torn, thus exposing the metallic conductive part of the cable itself. In this case, a direct contact--or even an indirect contact, for example through water conduction--of this exposed metal part, undoubtedly represents a risk of fulmination, as well as of short circuit.
The object of the present invention is to realize a system apt to eliminate almost entirely both this type of risk of fulminations and also the risk of short circuits.
The object of the present invention is therefore a system of protection, apt to be used in an installation comprising in particular an electric apparatus, and a polyphase feeding cable connecting said apparatus to a fixed socket through connection means, as for example a connecting plug, known per se, said protection system being essentially characterized in that it comprises a screening of the electric apparatus and/or of the feeding cable, formed by a pair of spaced wire nets being electrically insulated one from the other, a two-phase auxiliary electric line, with each phase being respectively connected to one of said two wire nets, and a cutout circuit, associated to said connection means for disconnecting the electric feeding in response to a short circuit between said two wire nets.
Further characteristics and advantages of the system according to the present invention will anyhow be evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment, given however by mere way of example and illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a very schematic side view of a widely spread type of electric apparatus, protected with a system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the safety electric circuit according to the invention; and
FIG. 3 shows a detail of the connection of the electric current feeding cable to the electric apparatus.
The electric apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is a hair-drier 1. This apparatus is fed by a four-phase cable 2, of which two are the phases of the main feeding line for operating the fan motor, and the other two are the phases of the auxiliary electric line (in the event of three-phase current fed apparatuses for industrial use, a five-phase cable will evidently be used). The two phases 3 of the main feeding line are not represented more clearly, and also the fan motor is not represented, in that these arrangements are quite common.
The two phases 4 and 5 of the auxiliary line are instead each connected--as shown in the drawing--to a wire net of a pair of wire nets 4A, 5A, provided in correspondence of each opening of the apparatus. In the case of the illustrated hair-drier, the only two openings of the case--which for the remaining part can be considered sealed, or can anyhow be produced sealed and of electric insulating material--are the opening 6 for the inlet of room air, and the opening 7 or the outlet o heated air.
In correspondence of each of the two openings 6 and 7 is hence mounted a pair of wire nets 4A, 5A, electrically insulated one from the other and connected respectively to the phases 4 and 5 of the auxiliary line.
The cable 2 extends up to a box 10, into which is enclosed the electronic protection circuit, and from which projects the pair of plugs 11 for insertion in a socket 12.
The box 10 contains first of all a main line 13, which in the case illustrated is a two-phase line, but which could also certainly be a three-phase line in the case of industrial apparatuses, as already stated. The line 13 connecting the electrical plug 11 to the two phases 3 of the cable 2, is disconnected--inside the box 10--by a switch 14, being associated on one side to a switching-on push button 15, which projects outwardly of the box 10, and on the other side to a holding relay 16.
The relay 16 is controlled by an electronic circuit fed by a transformer-rectifier 17, which is in turn connected to the line 13 downstream of the switch 14, and the output of which supplies an auxiliary voltage, preferably a low-tension direct current voltage, being actually apt to feed the electronic circuit shown.
This circuit practically consists of a two-stage amplifier comprising a first transistor 18 and a second power transistor 19, the output of which controls the relay 16 in the manner better described hereinafter.
On the input of the transistor 18 are connected the two phases 4, 5, of the auxiliary line leading to the pair of wire protection nets 4A, 5A.
The working is as follows: when having to use the apparatus, the box 10 is brought close to the socket 12 and the plug 11 is introduced into the socket 12 itself. The switch 14 is now off: the mains voltage current--for example 220 or 380 V--therefore feeds only the line 13 upstream of the switch 14.
By subsequently pressing the push button 15, the switch 14 is switched on and the electric current immediately feeds:
on one side, the transformer-rectifier 17 and hence the electronic circuit: at this moment, since the wire nets 4A and 5A are insulated one from the other, the transistor 18 is cut off, the transistor 19 leads, the relay 16 is energized and holds the switch 14 on;
on the other side, the main line 13 and the conductors 3 of the cable 2, through the switch 14 which is on.
As soon as the switch 14 has been switched on, by pressing the push button 15, the main line is fed and it is then possible to start or stop the apparatus at will, by operating a further switch provided--in a manner known per se and hence not shown--along the feedng cable or directly on the apparatus itself.
As soon as a drop of water falls on the pair of wire nets 4A and 5A, it forms an electric bridge between said two nets, short-circuiting the two phases 4 and 5. At this moment, the transistor 18 starts to conduct, the transistor 19 is cut off and the relay 16 is de-energized. The switch 14 then immediately trips, turning off the power both on the main line 3, 13, and on the auxiliary line 4, 5.
It has been tested in practice that, through an appropriate sizing of the meshes of the two wire nets--for example, square meshes with sides of 1 to 4 mm. and preferably of 2 mm.--and through an appropriate reciprocal spacing of said nets, for example of the order of 0.1 to 2 mm., the short circuit between the two phases 4 and 5 is produced with a high sensitivity, not only for the fall of a lot of water onto the wire nets, but also for the fall of a single drop of water or for the forming of a sufficient layer of humidity.
It should further be noted that, once the short circuit between the two phases 4 and 5 has taken place, it is necessary for the two wire nets to return perfectly dry in order to enable the apparatus to be put in service again by a new pressure onto the push button 15, this feature representing a significant margin of safety.
It is moreover important to note that, at the moment of the short circuit between the phases 4 and 5, the tripping of the switch 14 turns off the power not only from the apparatus, but also from the entire current supply cable between the apparatus itself and the power socket 12, thanks to the fact that the switch 14 is actually close to the plug 11.
It should finally be noted, moreover, that the type of circuit proposed by the present invention has the great advantage that, in the event of interruption or damage of one of its components, since it is no longer in a position to work, it fully excludes that the relay may be energized and that the feeding of the apparatus may take place.
In addition, the protection against fulminations and short circuits is completed--according to a particular aspect of the present invention--by the screening not only of the apparatus, but also of the feeding cable 2. For such a screening, the cable 2 may be formed with the different phase conductors 3 joined into a central core surrounded by two wire nets of tubular shape, being concentric and separated by an insulating layer to constitute the two phases 4 and 5. When, for reasons of wear, or due to squashing, or even as a result of accidental shearing, the external coating of the cable were to get destroyed, and thus equally the layer separating the two nets, these last ones would short-circuit due to direct mutual contact, or to contact through the tool which might have accidentally produced the shearing. Such contact then immediately cuts off the feeding, and this even before wear, squashing or shearing might affect the inner coating of the phase conductors of the cable, so as to avoid any risk of fulminations and/or of short circuits on the main line.
According to a first embodiment of the invention, a single pair of concentric tubular wire nets may form a screening for the group of two or three phases 3 of the feeding cable; or else, according to a further embodiment, a pair of concentric tubular wire nets may form the screening for each single phase, that is to say, each phase conductor of the feeding cable is surrounded by a pair of screening wire nets of its own. This second solution constitutes a higher protection, since it prevents short circuits and/or risks of fulminations even in the event of wear or breakage of the inner insulating layers of the cable, without a corresponding breakage on the outer part, as it happens when the insulation of the single phases melts under the effect of an exceedingly high temperature.
In either one of the two aforecited embodiments, it is possible to use one of the two tubular nets--and preferably the outer net--as earth wire of the main feeding line; it is evident that, in this case, said wire net will have to be appropriately sized.
FIG. 3 shows the detail of a connection of the feeding cable 2 to the apparatus 1. As shown, on the terminal end of the outer coating 2A of the cable 2 is fixed a ring 20, or the like, bearing a first metal contact 21; a second metal contact 22 is fixed on the case 1A of the apparatus 1, close to the hole for inlet of the cable 2.
To the two contacts 21 and 22 are welded the ends of the conductors 4 and 5 of the auxiliary line, which then extend further along into 4' and 5' towards the nets 4A and 5A.
In the event of the cable 2 undergoing an accidental tearing action tending to pull it out of the case 1--which might obviously cause a short circuit between the main phases 3--the contact 21 is immediately dragged against the contact 22, shortcircuiting the phases 4 and 5. This causes--in an identical manner as seen heretofore--the operation of the circuit 18, 19, 16, and the switching-off of the switch 14. Hence, the consequent current cutoff on all the phases 3, 4, 5, downstream of the switch 14, takes place before the cable 2 has been completely pulled out of the case 1, and thus before any danger of short circuits taking place on the main line 3.
It is anyhow understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described, with reference to the drawings, since an electronic circuit apt to perform the function of the heretofore described circuit can be realized in a great number of different embodiments, as any electronic technician will be capable of doing, without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US2614200 *||Aug 11, 1950||Oct 14, 1952||Western Electric Co||Leak detector for immersion heaters|
|US3525902 *||Aug 17, 1967||Aug 25, 1970||Us Air Force||Water sensing safety control for high voltage electrical equipment|
|US3728581 *||May 27, 1971||Apr 17, 1973||Adamo D||Ground fault circuit interrupter|
|US3864581 *||Jan 22, 1973||Feb 4, 1975||Satyanarayana Varahur Srinivas||Shock prevention device|
|US4013924 *||Mar 19, 1970||Mar 22, 1977||A/S E. Rasmussen||Methods and means for detecting the presence of moisture adjacent insulated pipes|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4464582 *||Oct 12, 1982||Aug 7, 1984||Tsunehide Aragaki||Water-safe hair dryer circuit|
|US4550358 *||Feb 13, 1984||Oct 29, 1985||Sunbeam Corporation||Protective circuit for portable electric appliances|
|US4589047 *||Mar 4, 1983||May 13, 1986||Gaues Harry||Protective mechanism in electrically operated devices|
|US4683369 *||Feb 5, 1986||Jul 28, 1987||John Zink Company||Hand held electric hair dryer|
|US4687906 *||Nov 9, 1984||Aug 18, 1987||Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.||Portable electric hair dryer with electric shock protection circuit|
|US4712154 *||Jun 27, 1986||Dec 8, 1987||North American Philips Corporation||Shock protective circuit with mechanical latch for small appliances|
|US4734822 *||Aug 19, 1986||Mar 29, 1988||Giovanni Gilardoni||Electronic circuit ensuring protection against electrical discharge, in particular for hairdryers|
|US4751603 *||May 15, 1987||Jun 14, 1988||Simatelex Manufactory Company Limited||Safety devices|
|US4791519 *||Sep 11, 1987||Dec 13, 1988||North American Philips Corp.||Shock protective circuit with electrical latch for small appliances|
|US4797772 *||Mar 3, 1987||Jan 10, 1989||Patton Electric Company, Inc.||Immersion detector circuit interrupter|
|US4799124 *||Oct 31, 1985||Jan 17, 1989||Clairol Incorporated||Shock hazard protector for hair dryers|
|US4823225 *||Jan 6, 1988||Apr 18, 1989||Associated Mills Inc.||Bipolar immersion detection circuit interrupter|
|US4965693 *||Nov 14, 1989||Oct 23, 1990||Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.||Electrical appliance with electrical hazard protection|
|US4967308 *||May 22, 1989||Oct 30, 1990||Milton Morse||Enhanced safety device for an electrical appliance|
|US5013891 *||Jul 6, 1987||May 7, 1991||Conair Corporation||Personal appliance having shock protection circuitry|
|US5191499 *||May 14, 1991||Mar 2, 1993||Intermacom A.G.||Method and apparatus for current interruption in electrically-powered apparatus and equipment|
|US5341266 *||Apr 12, 1993||Aug 23, 1994||Intermacom A.G.||Protective device in electrically-powered apparatus and equipment|
|US5402298 *||Oct 19, 1993||Mar 28, 1995||Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|US5583730 *||Sep 6, 1995||Dec 10, 1996||Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|US6016244 *||Aug 17, 1998||Jan 18, 2000||Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|US6469881 *||Sep 24, 2001||Oct 22, 2002||Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|US6621671 *||Jun 26, 2002||Sep 16, 2003||Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|CN101574804B||Dec 14, 1999||Jan 2, 2013||安迪思公司||Hairdressing hair direr with internal breaker|
|DE3441061A1 *||Nov 9, 1984||May 30, 1985||Matsushita Electric Works Ltd||Tragbares elektrisches frisiergeraet|
|DE3490593T1 *||Dec 5, 1984||Jan 23, 1986||Title not available|
|DE3723019A1 *||Jul 11, 1987||Jan 19, 1989||Krups Stiftung||Electrically operated domestic appliance|
|DE102015103617A1 *||Mar 12, 2015||Sep 15, 2016||Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.||Schutzvorrichtung zum Schutz vor Unfällen durch Stromschläge bei Einwirkung von Wasser auf ein handgeführtes elektrisches Gerät und handgeführtes elektrisches Gerät mit einer derartigen Schutzvorrichtung|
|EP0153088A1 *||Feb 6, 1985||Aug 28, 1985||Sunbeam Corporation||Protective circuit for portable electric appliances|
|WO1985002724A1 *||Dec 5, 1984||Jun 20, 1985||Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc.||Shock hazard protection system|
|WO1990009693A1 *||Feb 28, 1989||Aug 23, 1990||Milton Morse||Improved safety device for an electrical appliance|
|U.S. Classification||361/42, 361/178|
|International Classification||H02H7/22, H02H5/08, A45D20/10, H01B7/32|
|Cooperative Classification||H02H5/083, H02H7/226, H01B7/32, A45D20/10|
|European Classification||H02H5/08B, H02H7/22C, H01B7/32, A45D20/10|
|Dec 8, 1980||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: RAVIDA, ANTONINO VIA BOCCONI 37 ,LODI, MILAND, ITA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GILARDONI, SERGIO;GILARDONI GIOVANNI;REEL/FRAME:003813/0395
Effective date: 19790123
Owner name: EZZEVALLI RAVIDA, REGINA CARLA, VIA BOCCONI 37, LO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GILARDONI, SERGIO;GILARDONI GIOVANNI;REEL/FRAME:003813/0395
Effective date: 19790123