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If you’re searching for information that can only be obtained through certain government offices, databases, or even written requests, it’s important to have a basic knowledge of the protocol for requesting public records in the state of Alabama.
What are Public Records?
Any data recorded or filed by public agencies become part of the collective body of information referred to as “public records.” The retention of this information, which can be created by federal or local governments (as well as individuals), is required by law.
Any correspondence between state agencies and members of the legislature is also considered public records, as are records relating to financial documents for government-funded programs.
Public records are kept in physical files. However many are also available via the Internet or other sources. Their availability is determined by federal, state, and local regulations. And while their disclosure is required by law, they aren’t always simple to obtain.
Commonly searched public records include, but are not limited to, the following:
- Bankruptcies and Liens
- Civil Judgments
- Criminal Records
- Jail and Inmate Records
- Police Reports
- Property Records
How does the state of Alabama define public records?
The Code of Alabama loosely defines public records as all written or printed materials of any kind that are made or received by any public officers of the counties, municipalities, state, or other divisions of government in pursuance of the law. The Code goes on to include authorized records belonging to or pertaining to any court, as well as any other public record authorized by law (i.e. papers, pleadings, exhibits, or other writings filed in, with, or by any court, office, or officer.
What federal laws govern the availability of and access to public records?
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) of 1966 is a federal law that states that anyone has an enforceable right to request access to federal agency records. In turn, all federal agencies are required to make those records available, unless they’re protected due to an exemption.
These exemptions, established by Congress, are nine categories of information that are not required to be released, as their disclosure could result in harm to a governmental or private interest (i.e. personal privacy, national security, or law enforcement).
Because the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court recognize access to public records as a vital part of our democracy, agencies are also required to proactively post frequently requested records and certain other types of information.
Note the FOIA only applies to federal agencies. It does not govern the release of records held by the courts, Congress, or state and local agencies. As such, the laws of each state dictate public access to its state and local records.
What is the applicable law in the state of Alabama?
Freedom of information is provided in the state of Alabama under the Code of Alabama 1975, § 36-12-40, which grants that every citizen has a legal right to both inspect and make a photocopy of any public writing of the state, unless otherwise expressly excluded.
Public writings have been defined by the Alabama Supreme Court as records which are “reasonably necessary to record the business and activities required to be done or carried on by a public officer so that the status and condition of such business and activities can be known by our citizens.” Stone v. Consol. Pub. Co., 404 So. 2d 678, 681 (Ala. 1981).
Are there specific exemptions?
There are only two exemptions specifically stated in the Alabama code. One relates to information concerning the use of the public, public school, or college/university libraries (although parents of a minor child do have the right to inspect records pertaining to their child).
Another exemption clause allows for the exemption of any information that could be detrimental to public safety or the general welfare and best interests of the public.
State examples include:
- Security plans
Also named are any other records that relate to or have a potential impact on the security or safety of persons, facilities, structures, or other infrastructures.
While only these exemptions are mentioned in the statute, a wealth of case law has also provided additional interpretation. The Court held that recorded information received in confidence by a public officer, pending criminal investigations, sensitive personnel records, and records of which the disclosure would be detrimental to the best interests of the public were also excluded from public disclosure. Stone, 404 So. 2d at 681.
Likewise, draft documents (i.e. versions of proposed administrative rules and legislation) used internally by a State agency were declared as not subject to disclosure under the Open Records Law. The same applied to draft documents shared externally, as well as internal and external correspondence (such as emails) on possible actions to be taken by a governmental agency. Ala. Op. Atty Gen. No. 2017-036 (June 20, 2017).
What is the intention of the law?
The Alabama state law concerning the release of public records does not have a clear declaration of philosophical intention. What it does say is that “Every citizen has a right to inspect and take a copy of any public writing of this state, except as otherwise expressly provided by statute.”
What agencies are covered?
The Alabama code expands its definition to “public officers,” which includes–in addition to appointed or elected officials–all persons collectively who occupy positions in state institutions.
While not specifically stated, the broad definition of the public body would logically include state legislators.
Private Governmental Agencies
Concerning private entities and nonprofits, Alabama case law offers two clear applications for public records laws. The first merely requires that the private corporation should function as a public body.
However, it suggests that the court should consider the origin of the corporation, how it first presented itself, and the extent to which a public body had control over the corporation when making its determination.
The second application states that to be considered a public body, a corporation must be created, funded, controlled, and functioning as a public body.
Public universities within the state of Alabama do meet the definition of public bodies.
Does the law apply to government meetings as well as public records?
The Alabama Open Meetings Act extends freedom of information to government meetings as well. The Act explains that it is the policy of the state of Alabama that the deliberative process of all governmental bodies is open to the public. Exceptions apply for specific executive sessions permitted by law or by other state and federal statutes.
However, outside of those exceptions, all meetings of governmental bodies should be open to the public, and no meetings of a governmental body may be held without providing advance notice.
Who may request records?
The Alabama Public Records Law states that “Every citizen has a right to inspect and take a copy of any public writing of this state, except as otherwise expressly provided by statute.”
However, no distinction is made whether one must be a citizen of the state of Alabama or merely just a U.S. citizen.
Are there fees associated with requesting public records in Alabama?
The law in Alabama doesn’t encourage the use of fees in exchange for records searches. Nor does it prevent entities from charging them. Hence the required fees are the sole determination of the person who handles the public records request within each department.
How long will I have to wait for the records I’ve requested?
The Alabama code does not specify a certain time frame within which requested records must be provided. What it does say, however, is that once they have received the appropriate fees they are required to surrender the records.
What if my request is denied or isn’t processed in a timely manner?
Because of a lack of a formal appeals process, the only real way to take action against any denial of, or delay in providing, access to public records in the state of Alabama is to sue. And any citizen or member of the media is entirely within their right to do so.
The statute of limitations is two years from the action of requesting access. However, the sooner the better, as courts may be hesitant to issue a preliminary injunction if a delay in filing exists.
The suit would be filed in the state circuit court in the county where the custodian of the records resides. A suit for access to public records may also include a demand for a declaratory judgment, asking the court to declare that particular category of records as public.
Do I need a specific reason to request records?
The laws in the state of Alabama do not require you to state your purpose for requesting public records. Similarly, the use of those records is not limited to specific actions.
However, Alabama has held that agencies are permitted to ask about the purpose of a records request (Blankenship v. City of Hoover). Case law also exists to help prevent requests made merely for the sake of curiosity (Holcombe v. State ex rel. Chandler).
Who oversees the retention of records in the state of Alabama?
In 1955, the Alabama Public Records Law established the Alabama State Records Commission to determine which records should be kept and which should be destroyed. The Alabama Local Government Records Commission was started in 1987 to serve the same purpose with regards to local government records.
What are the most commonly requested public records?
There are a few types of records that are frequently requested and, consequently, fairly easy to obtain. Here are a few.
Criminal records include official information and documents concerning anyone who was arrested, charged, prosecuted, convicted, or sentenced, or who entered a plea. It also includes information on individuals who were discharged or acquitted.
These records may contain as little as merely the offender’s name. Or they may include detailed information regarding court documents filed by both the defense and prosecution.
Most commonly criminal records contain:
- Full name of the offender
- Offense committed
- Law violated
- Date of birth
- Physical description (e.g. race, height, weight, hair color, eye color, etc.)
- Pending charges
- Acquitted or dismissed charges
Before requesting these types of records, it’s important to know what it is that you’re specifically looking for. Common examples of criminal records include:
- Arrest records – reports created by law enforcement officers when a person is apprehended, detained or questioned in connection with a criminal complaint, criminal conduct, or a criminal investigation
- Arrest warrants – formal documents, issued by a judge or magistrate, that give law enforcement the authority to arrest an individual in connection with a crime once probable cause has been shown under oath
- Conviction records – usually appear on the criminal record for someone who has been declared guilty by a jury or court or has entered a guilty plea in a criminal case
- Parole records – information on persons who have been released from a correctional facility and are serving their sentence under the supervision of correctional officers, as permitted by the Alabama Bureau of Pardon and Paroles (ABPP)
- Probation records – orders of District or Circuit Courts giving a convicted person the opportunity to avoid incarceration under the supervision of law enforcement officers
Note: Juvenile criminal records are maintained by the Alabama Criminal Justice Information Center and are confidential under Alabama laws. Only the child’s parents, legal guardians, attorneys, or other representatives can access them. A court may only order their disclosure in the interest of the child or national security.
Requests for these types of information should be submitted to the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency (ALEA) by completing the ALEA Application to Review Alabama Criminal History Record Information (CHRI) form on the Agency’s website.
Anyone requesting this background check must be fingerprinted, provide valid identification, submit the completed form, and pay $25 in the form of a money order or Cashier’s check at:
301 S. Ripley Street
Montgomery, AL 36104
Or by mail at:
P.O. Box 1511
Montgomery, AL 36102-1511
Anyone who requests criminal offender record information under false pretenses will be subject to felony criminal penalties. Any misuse of this system will be aggressively prosecuted. For more information, you may contact ALEA at 1-866-740-4762 or 334-353-4340 Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. till 5:00 p.m.
Sex Offender Listing
Information on Alabama’s 16,000+ sex offenders can be found via the ALEA Sex Offender Registry, with the exception of juveniles, youthful offenders, and those with out-of-state status. Offenders are required to regularly report to law enforcement with changes of residency or employment. They must also appear periodically for current photos and fingerprints.
Jail and Inmate Records
Jail and inmate records contain information on individuals currently incarcerated or in the custody of the Alabama Department of Corrections (ADOC). Online public access to this information is available on the ADOC inmate search website.
This database allows people to locate current inmates but does not contain any historical data. Information that can be obtained may include the inmate’s location, year of birth, offense committed, possible parole, and sentencing, as well as their Alabama Institutional Serial Number (AIS).
Information about juvenile delinquents is not available on the offender search. Information on inmates being held in county jails may also not appear.
Since court records must be obtained from the specific court that heard the case, it’s important to understand the structure of the Alabama court system and the types of cases each court hears.
Here’s a breakdown of the Alabama courts and the cases they handle. Statewide maps with links to the contact information for each court are available online and linked below.
- State supreme court – reviews decisions reached by the lower courts
- Court of civil appeals – rules on appeals from state administrative agencies and district courts regarding domestic situations (e.g. divorce, child custody, adoptions, etc.) and civil cases from $10,000 – $50,000
- Court of criminal appeals – hears appeals on felony and misdemeanor cases
- Circuit courts (41) – handles the majority of legal matters, both criminal and civil, and appeals from lower courts
- District courts (67) – one in each county, handles criminal misdemeanors and civil claims between $3,000 – $10,000
- Municipal courts (273) – found in most cities, handles municipal violations and criminal misdemeanors within its police jurisdiction
- Probate courts (68) – hear cases regarding guardianships, wills, estates, land partitions, etc.
- Circuit courts (41) – handles the majority of legal matters, both criminal and civil, and appeals from lower courts
- Juvenile court – handles civil and criminal cases involving minors
- Small claims court – handles civil cases under $3,000
Alacourt Access offers access to all court records in the State of Alabama, including traffic, domestic, civil, and criminal trials. Examples include:
- Child support cases
- Civil records
- Criminal records
- Domestic relations
- Small claims records
- State traffic records
The information provided by this service includes:
- Party(ies) information
- Setting dates
- Case action summary
- Court action
- Financial information
The cost is $9.99 per case, which can be searched by name or case number. Images are $5.00 for the first 20 pages and $.50 for each page thereafter. Case monitoring is also available for the lifetime of a case. The cost is $19.99 for district cases and $29.99 for circuit cases.
What is a misdemeanor?
Misdemeanors are offenses that can be punished with imprisonment, fines, or merely hard labor. They range from Class A, with fines up to $6,000, to the less severe Class B and Class C which carry a maximum term of up to six and three months of jail time or $3,000 and $5000 in fines, respectively.
Incarceration for a misdemeanor is generally served in a county jail. Records relating to misdemeanor offenders and their offenses remain with the state as part of the offender’s criminal background.
Here are some examples of offenses that are considered misdemeanors according to Alabama law:
- 3rd-degree assault
- Disorderly conduct
- Possession of drug paraphernalia
- Public lewdness
- Resisting arrest
What is classified as a felony?
In the state of Alabama, a criminal conviction for a felony offense comes with the highest penalty possible, which ranges from 366 days in prison to the death sentence. Felonies are usually crimes resulting in grave danger or destruction to life and property.
Additional prison time is often imposed if a convicted felon has also been convicted of another felony in the past. The length of the additional penalty depends on the class of the previous felony and the number of previous convictions.
Common felonies include:
- Armed robbery
- Human trafficking
How are serious traffic violations classified?
Under Alabama law, serious traffic violations are those that involve willful or wanton disregard for the safety or rights of property or persons. Depending on the severity, a serious traffic offense could be classified as a felony or a misdemeanor and punished accordingly.
Some examples of serious traffic violations include:
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or a controlled substance
- Driving on a suspended license
- Fleeing or trying to escape police pursuit
- Vehicular homicide
- Leaving the scene of an accident
Vital records are those kept under governmental authority to record life events. Here are some of the most common types and how they can be obtained.
- Birth certificates
- Marriage licenses
- Marriage certificates
- Separation agreements
- Divorce decrees
- Death certificates
- Civil unions/domestic partnerships
Vital records for birth, death, marriage, and divorce in Alabama can be obtained via the Vital Records Request application form. However, birth certificates under 125 years old and death certificates under 25 years old are restricted to immediate family members or anyone who can demonstrate a legal right to the record.
Anyone who falsely applies for these records could face up to three months in the county jail or a monetary fine of up to $500.
The cost is $15.00 for the first copy and $6.00 for each additional copy. Forms and payment (check or money order only) can be taken to your local Alabama County Health Department or mailed to:
Alabama Department of Public Health
Center for Health Statistics
P.O. Box 5625
Montgomery, Alabama 36103-5625
Requests can be expedited or ordered online. For more information, visit www.alabamapublichealth.gov/vitalrecords or call 334-206-5418.
Accident reports can be ordered via the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency website. The cost is $15.00 per report plus a $2.00 processing fee. Payment can be made with all major credit cards.
You will need to allow up to ten business days from the date of the accident to ensure that the report is available online. To request access to the report, you must first agree to the Federal Driver Privacy Protection Act statement.
You will then enter your contact information in case there is a problem retrieving the report. Reports can be searched by driver’s name, driver’s license number, or crash report number if you have it.
Once the list of search results appears it’s important to make sure you select the correct report, since payment is not refundable. Once payment is entered, the PDF report can be viewed and printed.
You will also receive an email confirmation with the crash report number and a confirmation number. Once the report has been viewed it is only accessible for seven days. Adobe Reader (which can be downloaded for free) is required to view the report.
Questions about crash reports should be directed to the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency at (334) 517-2800.
Motor Vehicle Records
Vehicle title and registration records are available from the Alabama Department of Revenue via the Motor Vehicle Title Registration & Insurance Portal. Requests can be submitted online, and title and registration records are available for up to ten years following their issue date.
Additional motor vehicle records are available through Alabama.gov for the following:
- Current Registration Record (includes the current owner or operator, their address, and the year/make/model of the vehicle)
- Current Title Record (includes the same as the above, plus the lienholder)
- Vehicle Information Check (includes the year, make, model, odometer reading, and vehicle brands)
- Abandoned Motor Vehicle Notification Information
The National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS) is a good resource to check the history of a vehicle you’re considering purchasing.
Business public records are records of incidents or actions recorded or filed with a government agency for tax or other regulatory requirements. They’re kept under the care of the Office of the Secretary of State and made available to the public in the interest of the filer.
Business public records could include:
- Federal, State, and County Tax Liens
- UCC Filings
These types of records can be accessed via the Office’s official website at www.sos.alabama.gov. However, some must be obtained in person for review.
Hugh Evans is the representative responsible for receiving record requests and any questions regarding public records policies. He can be reached via email at email@example.com or 334-353-7857.
Request for records can be made online at www.sos.alabama.gov/sos-office/request-public-information or by using this fillable PDF form, which can be printed and mailed to:
Public Records Request
Office of Secretary of State
P.O. Box 5616
Montgomery, AL 36103-5616
Upon approval, public records can be accessed during normal business hours from 8:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. Those inspecting public records are urged to refrain from eating, drinking, and smoking while viewing records.
There is a cost of $1.00 for each page for copies of public records, with an additional charge of $1.50 to have the Alabama state seal affixed. Any certificate requested with the state seal affixed will be $5.00.
Consumer Protection Agencies
Various city, country, regional, and state consumer agencies can provide information that may be helpful to citizens. These agencies are responsible for protecting consumers by conducting tasks such as:
- Mediating complaints
- Conducting investigations
- Prosecuting offenders of consumer laws
- Licensing and regulating professional service providers
- Offering education materials
- Advocating for consumer rights
Here are a few of those offices and the areas of service they provide.
The Alabama Office of the Attorney General accepts consumer complaints and offers resources for verifying business licenses. Their services are available online or by calling 334-242-7335 or 1-800-392-5658.
The State Banking Department regulates and supervises state-chartered banks, as well as other types of financial institutions. They can also answer general questions about banking and consumer credit. They can be reached at 334-242-3452 or 1-866-465-2279.
The state Department of Insurance enforces the laws and regulations governing all types of insurance. They can also help consumers by providing information to help them make informed decisions when buying insurance. You can reach them by calling 334-241-4141 or 1-800-433-3966.
The Alabama Securities Commission enforces the laws and regulations for securities and securities brokers who sell mutual funds, stocks, commodities, and other investment products. They’re also available to provide general information concerning investments. Phone numbers for this agency are 334-242-2984 and 1-800-222-1253.
The Alabama Public Service Commission regulates the rates and services for utilities within the state. This includes gas, electricity, telephone service, and a few other services.
This agency, which can be reached at 334-242-5218 or 1-800-392-8050, also handles consumer complaints and conducts investigations.
Extensive records and research are available through the Alabama Department of Archives and History. Their collections include county records and newspapers on microfilm, maps, church and synagogue records, and more.
Their digital files include a wealth of legal documents, publications, and photos. They also have soldier and voter registration databases, military records, city directories, and Alabama fast facts.
Their services include digitization and reproduction, ancestry research, and requests for specific research via an online form.
How do I access or request other public records in Alabama?
The public records laws in Alabama do not specify the exact method for submitting a request for open records. Nor does it state whether both written and verbal requests are acceptable. Furthermore, departments are not required to designate an official representative to handle requests for public records.
Consequently, the procedures vary from one department to another. The best approach is to consult the website of each agency to determine their requirements. Here are a few examples.
Office of the Governor
Requests for records from the Governor’s Office may be made using the official “Request to View Public Records” form found on their website.
The form must be filled out in writing and mailed to:
600 Dexter Avenue, Room N-103
Montgomery, AL 36130
Fax: (334) 242-2335
Requests may also be sent by email to firstname.lastname@example.org.
Upon receipt, the Governor’s Legal Office will determine whether the requested information is in their possession and subject to disclosure. They will then provide the requestor with an estimated research cost.
Research starts at $23.00 per hour (one hour minimum), plus expenses. Payment must be made before documents may be viewed. Upon payment, the results are generally available within ten days.
Once obtained, the Legal Office will further review them to ensure they are subject to disclosure, at which point the documents will be made available for viewing or sent to the requestor by mail or email.
You may request to view the records between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Items not kept in printed form may be unavailable for viewing. If copies are requested, you should allow seven days following payment.
The cost is $.25 per single-sided page. Color copies or copies of other types of media can be provided for an additional charge.
Department of Revenue
Requests for records from the Alabama Department of Revenue can be made by completing this fillable PDF form and email to email@example.com.
The form can also be printed and the completed form mailed to:
Open Record Requests
Alabama Department of Revenue
50 North Ripley Street, Room 4131
Montgomery, AL 36132-8510
Those wishing to inspect records in person may make an appointment through the Tax Policy and Governmental Affairs Division to review them during regular business hours of 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at the offices of the Department of Revenue.
A valid form of identification is required. Again eating, drinking, and smoking are prohibited. Citizens may use their own equipment to make copies of available records. A charge of $1.00 applies for copies made using state-owned copiers. Citizens are also required to pay any other costs incurred by the Department in order to provide the records requested.
Questions about these policies can be directed to Kelley Gillikin, Acting Tax Policy and Governmental Affairs Division at firstname.lastname@example.org or 334-242-1380.
Office of State Treasurer
Requests to the Treasury Department may also be submitted using an online form at https://treasury.alabama.gov/public-records-request/. Those inquiring about records for Unclaimed Property are asked to first review the pertinent laws.
Department of Transportation
Requests from ALDOT can be made online. The fillable PDF outlines the fees, mailing instructions, and what to expect once the request has been submitted.
Department of Education
The Alabama Department of Education website outlines its procedures for the request of records. All requests must be submitted in writing and signed by the requesting individual. They must also include sufficient information for the Department to determine exactly what is being requested.
Requests may be mailed to:
Office of General Counsel
Alabama Department of Education
50 N. Ripley Street, Room 5103
P. O. Box 302101
Montgomery, AL 36130
The cost for copying of records is $1.00 for the first 25 pages and $.50 for each subsequent page. A $5.00 fee is also charged for each request, plus the cost for the postage if the requestor chooses to have the records mailed. Fragile records may require additional fees.
A complete copy of the State Board of Education Administrative Rules may be requested for $50.00. Additional charges may apply for fragile records. Requests to inspect records must be made during normal business hours.
Relevant Legal Cases
Throughout the years a number of court cases have had an impact on the way the Freedom of Information Act and the Alabama Public Records laws have been interpreted in the state of Alabama.
Here are a few notable ones.
- Brewer v. Watson (Brewer III) (1882)
- Holcombe v. State ex rel. Chandler (1941)
- Miglionico v. Birmingham News Company (1979)
- Stone v. Consolidated Publishing Co (1981)
- Dale v. Birmingham News (1984)
- Chambers v. Birmingham News Co (1989)
- Blankenship v. City of Hoover (1991)
- Montgomery Advertiser v. Montgomery County Board of Education (1991)
- Dunn v. Alabama State University Board of Trustees (1993)
- Slawson & Furman v. Alabama Forestry Commission (1994)
- Water Works & Sewer Board of the City of Talladega v. Consolidated Publishing Inc. (2004)
Alabama Public Records Transparency
Much controversy has surfaced over the access, or lack thereof, to public records in the state of Alabama. The Better Government Association and the National Freedom of Information Coalition regularly conduct studies to gauge the transparency of each state regarding access to public records.
In 2007 the state earned a score of zero, out of a possible 100, concerning its responsiveness to Freedom of Information requests. The study ranked Alabama 49th of the 50 states.
The state ranked 48th in a similar 2008 study, with an overall score of 34.9 percent with regards to transparency.
Appeals for Denial of Records Requests
Requests for records may, on occasion, be delayed or even outrightly denied. It’s important to note here that the state of Alabama has no formal appeals process for the delay or denial of a request for public records. As a result, the only recourse is a civil action, which can be time consuming and expensive.
There are legislators fighting for greater transparency in Alabama’s public records request process, including timetables for responses, limits on fees for copying records, and a more affordable appeals process.
These are parameters that many other states have in place already. However, at present no official reform has been made in Alabama.
For this reason, it’s important to know and understand Alabama’s public records laws and procedures before requesting records and be prepared for some hurdles or a potentially long process.
If you have additional questions concerning access to public records in the state of Alabama, visit Alabama.gov for a listing of state agencies you can contact directly to potentially assist you in your request for public records.

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How Much is Matt Hancock on I’m a Celebrity?
Matt Hancock, the former UK Health Secretary, has been the talk of the town since he was spotted in a Welsh castle, the supposed location for the upcoming season of “I’m a Celebrity…Get Me Out of Here!” His appearance on the popular reality show has led to many people wondering how much he could be getting paid. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how much Matt Hancock could be earning on “I’m a Celebrity” and his net worth.
How much do I’m a Celebrity contestants get paid?
One of the biggest questions that fans of the show have is how much the contestants get paid for being on the show. According to reports, the average amount paid to participants is around £50,000. However, this can vary depending on a variety of factors. For example, celebrities with a higher profile or those who are in high demand could command a higher fee.
Moreover, there are other factors that could influence the amount paid to contestants. For instance, the length of time a celebrity stays on the show could also affect their earnings. If a celebrity leaves the show early, they may not receive the full amount they were promised. On the other hand, those who stay until the end could receive a bonus or a higher pay rate.
In addition, the programme’s producers may take into account the celebrity’s ability to generate media attention and social media buzz. Celebrities who are likely to create headlines or generate a lot of online buzz could be offered a higher fee as the producers would see it as good publicity for the show.
As we can see, the amount paid to celebrities on “I’m a Celebrity” is not set in stone and can vary depending on several factors. In the next section, we’ll delve into Matt Hancock’s net worth to see how much he could potentially earn from the show.
Matt Hancock’s net worth
Matt Hancock’s net worth is a topic of interest for many people, especially since his appearance on “I’m a Celebrity” has been confirmed. Hancock is a former Member of Parliament who served in various government positions, including as Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. Before his political career, he worked as an economist and a banker, which has likely contributed to his earnings.
According to some sources, Hancock’s net worth is estimated to be around £4 million. This includes his earnings as an MP, his previous work in banking and economics, and any other sources of income he may have. However, it’s important to note that these figures are only estimates and may not be entirely accurate.
Matt Hancock’s potential earnings from I’m a Celebrity
As mentioned earlier, the amount paid to celebrities on “I’m a Celebrity” can vary depending on several factors. While there is no official confirmation of how much Matt Hancock will be paid, there has been speculation on how much he could potentially earn from the show.
Some reports suggest that Hancock could earn between £10,000 to £20,000 for his appearance on the show. This is lower than the average amount paid to contestants, which could be due to his political background and the controversy surrounding his resignation as Health Secretary.
It’s worth noting that Hancock is not the first UK politician to appear on “I’m a Celebrity.” In 2012, former MP Nadine Dorries was reportedly paid £40,000 for her appearance on the show, while former Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond was rumored to have earned around £50,000 in 2018. However, it’s important to keep in mind that these figures may not be entirely accurate and could be influenced by various factors.
In conclusion, while it’s difficult to estimate exactly how much Matt Hancock will earn from “I’m a Celebrity,” it’s clear that the amount paid to contestants can vary depending on several factors. Regardless of his potential earnings, his appearance on the show is sure to generate a lot of attention and could have an impact on his political career.
Potential impact on Matt Hancock’s career
While appearing on “I’m a Celebrity” could be a great opportunity for Matt Hancock to boost his public profile and earn a hefty sum of money, it could also have negative consequences on his political career.
One of the main concerns is that the show’s format could be seen as frivolous and could make him appear less serious as a politician. This could potentially harm his credibility and make it harder for him to be taken seriously in the future. Additionally, the show’s challenges could be seen as a distraction from the more pressing issues facing the country.
Moreover, there could be a backlash from the public and his colleagues in the Conservative Party, who could see his participation in the show as a sign of him being out of touch with the public and not taking his job as an MP seriously enough.
On the other hand, there are some who believe that it could be an opportunity for him to showcase his personality and human side, which could potentially make him more relatable and approachable to the public.
In conclusion, Matt Hancock’s appearance on “I’m a Celebrity” could potentially earn him a significant amount of money, but it could also have negative consequences on his political career. While we don’t know for sure how much he could be earning, it’s safe to say that it could be a substantial sum.
It remains to be seen how his participation in the show will impact his political career and whether it will be seen as a positive or a negative move. Ultimately, the decision to appear on the show rests with Matt Hancock, and we’ll have to wait and see whether he decides to take on the challenge and how it all plays out.

domain: politics


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The Protective Services department is responsible for Fire Rescue, Bylaw Enforcement including Animal Control, Emergency Management, and Emergency Support Services.
Tumbler Ridge dedicates much time and effort to protect the community. Our Fire Department is well-equipped and trained to respond to a variety of situations. Community policing is conducted by a locally staffed RCMP detachment and Bylaw Enforcement is carried out by our full time Bylaw Enforcement Officer.
Tumbler Ridge stands strong because of support from the entire town. If you are interested in getting involved and doing your part, check the section that interests you for volunteer contact information.
325 Iles Way, Tumbler Ridge, BC V0C 2W0
Phone: (250) 242-3939 Fax: (250) 242-3993


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This statement-making trench coat is one of this season's key trends. The unexpected detailing makes it anything but basic. Team with casual separates this season and stand out in the crowd.
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domain: design


“As for Aleksandr Samedov’s statement that his team is getting ready to punish us, unfortunately, we will meet with him on the pitch,” stated Azerbaijani national football squad captain Rashad Sadygov.
The Azerbaijani footballer commented on the recent statement made by Russian international and FC Lokomotiv Moscow midfielder Aleksandr Samedov.
“The last [2014 World Cup qualifier] group stage game is upon us. We will try to wage a battle and not lose to Russia [in this match].
“Several Azerbaijani players have made bold statements. I see that the Russian national squad players did not like this; but we are not preparing to get their permission.
“Samedov would have answered for his words outside the pitch. Now, he will not be called Samedov; he is just Aleksandr for me,” Azerifootball quotes Sadygov as saying.
To note, the Russia midfielder had stated earlier that they will try to punish the cocky Azerbaijanis.


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Surely the planting of gardens shares kinship with the making of sand mandalas, those vibrant patterns, painstakingly laid down by Tibetan Buddhist monks over long, backbreaking days only to be ritualistically brushed away when they’re completed. Life is ephemeral; we are in eternal transit. Every dawn, gardeners the world over stroll outside, view the depredations of the night’s creatures and learn to accept impermanence. Gardens are among the most evanescent of our arts. But we dig in anyway, making what we can of our plots — and resisting any thought of their unmaking.
A few lucky gardeners do manage to move on to their next lives, comforted by the prospect that their work will survive them. Many of this season’s books celebrate gardens that have been protected by trusts, in a few cases for generations. I don’t think I’ve ever seen so many weighty, lavishly illustrated volumes, some about gardens that merit the attention of historians, some about gardens that were simply beloved and are ready to be shared. We have cleaned and put away our muddy gloves, rakes and hoes. Now we can adorn our nests with books that will enrich our dreams as we lie wrapped in warm comfort in front of a fire, ready to hibernate. What else is winter for?
Let’s start with OUTSTANDING AMERICAN GARDENS: A Celebration (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, $50), a book that highlights 25 years of the Garden Conservancy, edited by one of my favorite garden writers, Page Dickey, with photographs by the peerless Marion Brenner. Long before California settled into what is already a historic drought, long before xeriscaping had any cachet, a 64-year-old gardener named Ruth Bancroft scratched into her three-and-a-half-acre patch of earth a stunning assortment of otherworldly succulents and cacti — and changed the course of garden history in the United States. She began in the 1960s, designing, potting and plotting, experimenting with agaves, century plants, aloes and yuccas, balancing brilliant oranges and mouth-puckering yellows, and soon word got out that hers was an extraordinary work of art, an architectural tapestry of plants.
Eventually, in the late 1980s, a couple of avid East Coast gardeners paid Bancroft a visit. As Frank Cabot recalled, although cacti were not his thing, he found himself “shivering at the beauty of it.” Bancroft was worrying about what would happen to her grounds when she was gone. At the suggestion of his wife, Anne, Cabot was inspired to found the Garden Conservancy, which took Bancroft’s garden on as its first preservation project. Among other things, the Conservancy sponsors “Open Days” during which tens of thousands of visitors, in at least 20 states, can traipse through gates normally locked to strangers.
Inevitably, there aren’t enough pictures of any one garden, since the intention is to show the range of the Conservancy’s network. But “Outstanding American Gardens” should inspire you to get hold of the Open Days guide, pack a lunch and hit the road. You’ll toodle through the estimable Bunny Williams’s Connecticut garden — and perhaps be inspired to pick up a copy of her luxurious ON GARDEN STYLE (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, $50), written with Nancy Drew — and you’ll stroll quietly through a rare Japanese garden on Long Island, marvel at the elegant whimsy of the Jefferson Pavilion at Crab Tree Farm in Illinois, and learn about native prairie flowers from Hattie and Ted Purtell in Wisconsin. In the work of James David and Gary Peese, in Austin, Tex., you’ll see why it matters that we save these works of art, as succeeding generations of gardeners transmit ideas, knowledge and plants.
RESCUING EDEN: Preserving America’s Historic Gardens (Monacelli, $50), written by the prolific Caroline Seebohm and handsomely photographed by Curtice Taylor, is replete with romantic gestures. Among the glories here are the gardens at the Cummer Museum in Jacksonville; Lotusland, in Santa Barbara; and the Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory in Detroit — along with Alcatraz, whose coastal San Francisco gardens were terraced and planted in the 1930s by “some of the most dangerous criminals” in the country. That oddly life-enhancing project stopped in the 1960s when the prison closed; by the 1970s, the abandoned gardens were on the verge of disappearing. But recently, thanks to funding from various conservancies, large parts of them have been recreated.
If ever we needed another argument for garden preservation, Untermyer Park in Yonkers, N.Y., provides a stunning example. Designed in 1915 by William Bosworth, who also made gardens for the Rockefeller family, this place was a fantastical mix of belle époque and Persian delights, featuring mosaics, statuary, loggias, water features and even a Temple of Love. A pair of ancient marble pillars framed a view of the Hudson and its dramatic Palisades. Sadly, no public entity was able to keep the place running after the lawyer and philanthropist Samuel Untermyer died in 1940; though he offered both house and garden as gifts, he had neglected to establish an endowment. The house was eventually razed, the grounds collapsed into ruins. In 2010, a former resident of Yonkers, Stephen Byrns, founded a conservancy and enlisted the talent of Wave Hill’s Marco Polo Stufano to resuscitate some of the garden. We can only hope that across the country similar rescues will be performed, confirming the value, both spiritual and aesthetic, of gardens in American culture.
Surely (at least until Manhattan is under water) we won’t have to worry about the High Line lapsing into the wild dilapidation whence it sprang. With 98 percent of its annual operating costs covered by donations, no modern garden has been so celebrated, chronicled and now copied. The latest ode to that elevated park on an abandoned railway track is by far the best. THE HIGH LINE: Foreseen. Unforeseen (Phaidon, $75), narrated by its designers, James Corner Field Operations and Diller Scofidio & Renfro, is itself a piece of performance art, a richly illustrated tour that captures not only the park’s history but its blooming, buzzy feel. The photographs are breathtaking, and so is the display of plans and drawings. I’m particularly happy to see the thumbnail portraits of the plants. Like so many visitors, I constantly find myself wanting that whatever-it-is in my own garden — but what is it? No wonder cities around the world, from Chile to China to Australia, are reclaiming derelict industrial sites, bringing beauty and joy into unexpected corners.
Gardeners’ souls are often conflicted: They tend to be private people who thrive behind sturdy fences. Yet, before too long, even the shyest gardener wants an audience, or at least some acknowledgment of all that hard work, and generously opens the gates. Chanticleer, in the suburbs of Philadelphia, was a gift to the public from the Rosengarten family, which began planning the garden a century ago. As one of Adolph Rosengarten’s descendants puts it in the gorgeous book by R. William Thomas and the Chanticleer gardeners, THE ART OF GARDENING: Design Inspiration and Innovative Planting Techniques from Chanticleer (Timber Press, $34.95), “To create a garden is to search for a better world.” Yes, these grounds arose from the passions of a wealthy family, but they’re now accessible to anyone. In this delightful book, the staff gardeners are full of advice — on using small evergreens for screens, deploying bursts of color, choosing plants for dry shade — that will be useful in any size garden, even one where you’re the only gardener on staff.
Who would turn down an invitation to the Longue Vue House and Gardens, on the edge of New Orleans — especially if the Camellia Walk is in bloom? The grounds were shaped in the 1930s by our American garden goddess, the landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman; the house by the Platt brothers. Their emphasis on creating harmony between house and garden is what makes Longue Vue so pleasing. But, then again, so does that swinging sofa suspended in the middle of the guesthouse’s living room. LONGUE VUE HOUSE AND GARDENS (Skira/Rizzoli, $65), by Charles Davey and Carol McMichael Reese intelligently captures an important moment in American house and garden design — and, for those of us who live too far from this gracious enclave, offers vicarious respite.
Many garden lovers make pilgrimages to England to see some of the world’s most famous gardens. But those of London are less well known, and some are virtually unknowable, except in the pages of GREAT GARDENS OF LONDON (Frances Lincoln, $50), by Victoria Summerley, with photographs by Marianne Majerus and Hugo Rittson Thomas. Surely the dog memorials coaxed a smile from the lonely Diana, Princess of Wales, when she visited Lady Annabel Goldsmith at Ormeley Lodge. One of Britain’s oldest banks, Coutts, boasts additional green holdings — kitchen gardens on its rooftop. The studio potters Susan Bennett and Earl Hyde were persuaded to open their vivid, whimsical Muswell Hill grounds to the public, but it’s a safe bet that the gardens of a modern house on The Bishops Avenue in Hampstead will be forever private. What I wouldn’t give to get beyond the glass walls of its summer house and linger in its Japanese garden.
Hop a train to Oxford for another treat: Tim Richardson’s OXFORD COLLEGE GARDENS (Frances Lincoln, $60), with beautiful photographs by Andrew Lawson. Like many at Oxford, you may never want to leave. Generations of scholars have surely lingered to admire the enchanting sight of snake’s head fritillaries nodding in the water meadow of Magdalen College, with its 15th-century tower “floating up behind.” Lovely St. Hilda’s College features “a delightful garden of terraces down to the river” where a “fleet of punts” is moored. The Oxford Botanic Garden inspired Alexander Pope to remark that “all gardening is landscape-painting. Just like a landscape hung up.” One of its borders still features the medicinal plants grown in 1621 when the garden was established. But the garden that has it all — a lake, dramatic herbaceous borders, roses, “velvety lawns” and an orchard — belongs to Worcester College. I won’t soon forget the photograph of nearly black tulips collecting in dark pools under a medieval wall vibrantly bedecked with purple wisteria. This is a book to be savored; sketching out a history of Oxford, its text is as lively and informative as its photographs are absorbing.
All these books inspire so many wanderlust fantasies that choosing a single destination is difficult. I generally end up going nowhere. Winter travel is exhausting, and how can I bear to leave my garden in summer? Luckily, other vistas beckon — the tiniest and most astonishing of worlds. SEEING SEEDS: A Journey Into the World of Seedheads, Pods, and Fruit (Timber, $29.95) offers a cornucopia of photographs by Robert Llewellyn. It will persuade you not to deadhead — or even cut back — spent blossoms. Let them winter over so you can be treated to the exuberance of echinacea, the fragility of dicentra and the blown-out wildness of cattails. The text, by Teri Dunn Chace, offers fascinating tidbits like the tale of the wild bleeding heart seed, which needs the help of ants that nibble away its outer layer before it can germinate.
I love to peer into dictionaries almost as much as I love peering into gardens, and often forget what word I was looking up, distracted in my search by so many others. THE DICTIONARY OF SCIENCE FOR GARDENERS (Timber, $39.95) should be on every potting shed shelf, not because we’re scratching our heads over what to do with that euxinic spot but because it’s profoundly pleasurable to wander around in unfamiliar word meadows. Michael Allaby’s dictionary is its own sort of travelogue through the horticultural world. The graceful sketches and diagrams cover everything from acrocarpous moss to the volva, a cuplike sheath that for some fungi is a “remnant of the universal veil.” What could be more poetic?
Finally, we must also pay homage to the creatures living in our gardens; they might be the beneficiaries of our labors, but, more important, they do a lot of work for us too, ridding our crops of the rodents and insects that chew them to pieces. (I’m going to assume that by now, no one reading this column is using toxic chemicals to neaten up their lawns. You’re poisoning some of our most helpful friends.)
The woodlands that surround my cabin are home to great horned owls. Their duets rouse me from the deepest of sleeps and draw me into the chilly night air. Wrapped in a blanket, I listen in wonder at a choir of calls, to my ear full of concern and longing, a need to connect with a mate: Whoooo are you? And where are yoooooo, anyhoooo?
The artist and naturalist Tony Angell has written a fascinating, endearing book about these creatures, THE HOUSE OF OWLS (Yale University, $30), that’s full of his beautiful drawings. He chronicles nearly a quarter-century of living with generations of screech owls that moved into a box he fastened to a tree near his bedroom window in the Pacific Northwest. Angell has given the birds a diary of life in what he calls the Fortress, including such dramatic events as a literal “murder” of crows (as their flocks are known) that leaves an owlet grounded, hidden in a patch of oxalis, needing a hand from the artist to get back up into its tree.
Angell provides a lot of fascinating information about these reclusive creatures. He describes the owl’s feathered facial discs, which concentrate available light at dusk. And he explains why an owl can swivel its head 270 degrees — it has 14 vertebrae in its neck. Angell has befriended several owls in his lifetime; among the most memorable was Buttons, a barred owl whose wing was shattered by a car, making it impossible for him to survive in the wild. For more than a decade, Buttons lived in a spacious enclosure near Angell’s home.
Since some species of owls can’t tolerate heat, Angell worries about the “calamitous effect global climate change could have on them.” After decades of keeping him company, the western screech owls in Angell’s neck of the woods succumbed to the enormous barred owls that have made their way from the East Coast (“we widened the road west for the barred owl and paved it, too”); the smaller screech owl is evolutionarily ill-equipped, at least for now, to deal with this predator.
For years, the woods around Angell’s house went eerily, sadly quiet. But then, one wintry night, he heard a familiar call, a whistle that exclaimed, “I am here!” again and again. “I whistled back ‘I’m here too,’ ” Angell writes, “and I’m hopeful.” Like those owls, our gardens may be transient. And yet, brimming with miracles, both blooming and winged, they offer the most precious gift. All that raking, scraping, tilling and tending — we do it in the name of hope.

domain: artistic


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The Union of Northern Workers announced early Sunday morning that plans for a territoriy-wide strike on Monday will be postponed.
Since Friday, the UNW and territorial government have sought to find an 11th hour deal that could impact 4,000 GNWT workers under mediator Vince Ready.
A posting on the UNW website just after midnight Sunday stated that although mediation efforts over the past few days have not reached a tentative agreement, “the parties have agreed to submit their outstanding issues to Mr. Ready for binding recommendations.”
The statement goes on to say that as part of the parties agreeing to Ready’s recommendations that the planned strike for 12:01 a.m. on Monday has been called off.
While Ready says in the statement that the parties had made process over two days of negotiations, issues still remained between the two sides, including general economic increases, terms of agreement, and job security issues.
Facebook comments followed shortly after the posting Sunday morning which were mostly celebratory in nature.
“I’ve never been so excited for work on Monday in my life!” wrote Tara Rutherford, a senior land officer with the NWT Housing Corporation.
Others on the page noted how their sleep will be made easier knowing they will be able to go back to work on Monday.
The announcement follows a day of considerable anxiety among union members – many of whom showed up to strike preparation meetings over the weekend. Members of Local 12, which is made up of Stanton Territorial Hospital workers attended a strike preparation meeting Friday night and members of local 1, made up of most GNWT workers in Yellowknife packed two meetings Saturday at union headquarters and then Mildred Hall School, after people were turned away from the first meeting.
Sunday’s statement added that a report from Ready can be expected in 30 days and that there is a media blackout until binding recommendations are released.

domain: news


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If you are looking for a family day out that is packed with fun walks and greenery then have a look at Holly Hill Woodland Park.
Holly Hill is based in Fareham just off the A27. It’s really easy to find as it’s directly opposite Fareham Leisure Center. The woodland has an on-site car park straight off the road that is free. There are toilets at the main entrance before you go down the hill.
This is the perfect place to visit throughout the summer holidays or winter months. There’s loads to do from exploring the local wildlife to jumping over the stepping stones or walking through the dense trees.
Holly Hill is a nature reserve and is great for spotting all kinds of woodland creatures and insects. We’ve seen badgers and squirrels on a good day while sat on one of the many benches or rocks throughout the park.
If you are looking for other days out ideas throughout Hampshire then have a look at:
Free Downloadable Printables
If you are looking for fun family days out throughout Hampshire then come join our free Resource Vault. It’s packed full of free things to do ideas including treasure maps and planners.
(By joining giving us your email address you are consenting to us emailing you about our other travel, home and lifestyle ideas. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of every email.)
Exploring Holly Hill Woodland Park
Head to the entrance and you’ll come across a huge hill that takes you down and gives you two options to walk in. It’s a circular walk that gives you the option for an easy or harder walk.
While the terrain is mainly flat with a few hills, it’s not easy to ride your bike or push a buggy around. It is a walk through woods and while there are easier walks there are still hills especially down to the large lake near the middle of the woodland.
If you are looking for a longer walk then stick to the left-hand path and you’ll come across a small flat area with a huge map of the woodland and beautiful gardens with benches. Enjoy watching the birds and see how many squirrels you can spot jumping from each tree.
If you keep going you’ll come across more picnic benches. This open area is great in the summer as the grass is cut and the kids can run about in a flat area. At the far point, you get a lovely view of River Hamble. There’s a looking point that you can enjoy while relaxing by the sea.
Walking down further, we found many different ways down, you will come across the giant lake with sweeping trees and swans. There’s loads of local wildlife too including ducks and huge fish as big as an adult’s arm!
The stepping stones right by the lake are an instant hit with all the kids. There’s only about four or five which cross a small trickle of water but the kids each took in turns going over them multiple times.
Heading over the bridge from the lake you’ll come across a small garden full of the most stunning plants you’ve ever seen. We then headed to the climbing stones. These are huge are great for the kids to climb up and enjoy. The good thing is that there are benches everywhere around there within full view of the rocks.
Keep walking and there’s a fork again in the path with a green flat area. This is a great place to get the picnic rug out while the kids run about.
We took the longer path around the lake. It is hilly and stony but the kids loved exploring the less taken path and took it in turns to lead the way. We came across a small river and fallen log that’s a perfect place to stop to spot more local wildlife. There’s also less trees in this area so if you have older kids they might be fine cycling around here.
Also, because there are less trees in this area with low branches, the kids could use these trees to climb in. It was great to see their smiling faces they grabbed each branch and really explored.
The whole walk takes about three hours so if you take a picnic and find a good pot to watch the kids then they could play there for hours.
What we like the most is that there are so many different paths you can take. If you need a flatter route then sticking to the path is advised as off the beaten track can take you through some very stony and uneven paths that are through dense bushes and trees.
We also took a Treasure map printout with us which you can print out from our free Resource Vault. It’s full of things that the whole family need to spot or pick up, depending on how you are playing it.
Holly Hill is a dog-friendly woodland but they do ask to keep all dogs on leads due to the amount of wildlife.
Even though the woodland isn’t big, you’d be surprised to know that it’s easy to get lost in. Make sure that you have a good few hours on your hands as it’s easy to lose your sense of direction there due to the number of walks and hills.
Holly Hill is a really well-maintained parkland run by the local authority. There are plenty of bins by the picnic benches and loads of places to stop for a rest or a runaround.
- The Ultimate Guide to Things to do in Southampton With Kids
- 9 Fun Walks in Hampshire That Are Child Friendly
- 33 Half Term Activities in Hampshire That Are Free
If you are looking for somewhere else to go then have a look at Fareham Leisure Center just across the road. They have a beautiful big playground plus a huge flat field that is perfect for scootering or playing games.
If you enjoyed this post and would like some more ideas on things to do in Hampshire then head over to the Things To Do section here on Things To Do In Hampshire With Kids where you’ll find over 50 day out ideas in Hampshire that the whole family will enjoy. You could also pop over and follow our Facebook page here or our Hampshire days out Pinterest boards for lots more ideas on what you can do as a family in Hampshire; Days Out For The Kids in Hampshire and Cheap and Free Days Out in Hampshire.
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domain: travel


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LUTON Town have been drawn away to either Eastbourne Borough or Guiseley in the FA Trophy quarter-finals, writes Mike Simmonds.
Hatters reached the last eight after beating Gloucester City 1-0 on Friday night, while Eastbourne and Guiseley played out a 1-1 draw in Sussex on Saturday afternoon.
Simon Weatherstone had put the hosts ahead in the first half when his 45-yard free kick caught the wind and flew over the head of Guiseley keeper James Coates’ head.
But the Lions came roaring back to equalise when former Preston striker Joe O’Neill netted, only for striker James Walshaw, who has been called up to the England C squad, to pick up a harsh second yellow card for his over-indulgent celebrations.
'Embarrassed' Hatter boss hits out at one of the 'worst' individual performances he has ever seen after Town's cup exit to Exiles
HATTERS RATED: Luton Town 2 Newport County 3
Jones warns 'naive' Town players they must be better if they want to feature for Luton following cup exit
Mendes Gomes left with a 'sour taste' after stunning Luton strike is spoiled by injury and cup defeat
Hatters humbled in the Carabao Cup as they let the lead slip twice against League Two Newport
The two sides will now need a replay, while the quarter-final clash is scheduled to take place on Saturday, February 26, meaning Hatters’ Blue Square Bet Premier trip to Cambridge United, has been re-arranged for Tuesday, March 15, kick-off 7.45pm.
The full draw is Blyth Spartans or Droylsden v Gateshead, Eastbourne Borough or Guiseley v Luton Town, Darlington v Salisbury City, Chasetown v Mansfield Town or Alfreton Town.


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Buy Soma Online. The patients who even once have had an acute pain or those who have a chronic pain for many years know Soma as an effective mean to suppress the pain sensation. Soma reduces mainly mild pain and moderately strong pain. It takes only forty or fifty minutes to feel the relief. Since Soma has become known to the humanity, a great quantity of tablets is sold all over the world every year. Its analgesic effect can be compare with that of morphine and continues approximately 5 or 6 hours. If the patient has got a severe pain, it’s better to use some other medications, which can have more big potential to kill a strong pain. For other situations, Soma is effective and available.
Call/Text/Whatssap: +1 (865) 322-9317 More details: Buy Soma Online - Charleston

domain: medical


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Mount Helena is a mountain located at the Queen Reach arm of Jervis Inlet and behind Princess Louisa Inlet. Mount Helena is part of the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia Canada. The mountain was named during the 1860 survey by HMS Plumper who charted all of the known area and named the mountain after HRH Princess Helena Augusta Victoria “Lenchen” who was the fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of England.
- ^ Hitz, Charles W.(2003). Through the Rapids - The History of Princess Louisa Inlet, p.54. Sikta 2 Publishing., Kirkland, WA. ISBN 0-9720255-0-2.

domain: geography


KID has released a new resource for consumers, Moving towards Safety, a report on 2010 recalls and CPSC actions that impact safety. The report shows that while the number of recalls and the number of children hurt and killed by unsafe products is cause for concern, there were marked improvements to product safety oversight in 2010 as a result of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA) and other CPSC actions.
Children’s products still recalled frequently: There was a recall for children’s products roughly every two days in 2010. In total, 160 recalls accounted for over 44 million individual toys, cribs, sweatshirts, strollers and more. That’s an increase of twelve percent from 2009 in recalls and 110% in units recalled. Download the full report (pdf) to review the rest of the findings.
Steps in the right direction: At first glance these numbers seem to indicate that the state of children’s product safety had worsened in the last year. However, through CPSIA and CPSC actions, we’ve seen heartening improvements to product safety oversight in 2010:
- CPSC and FDA issued a warning on sleep positioners that promoted most retailers to stop selling these unnecessary and dangerous products.
- CPSC issued alerts on the safe use of baby slings.
- A strong mandatory standard for cribs was developed and adopted to go into effect June 28, 2010.
- The CPSC public database was developed and goes online Friday, March 11.
- Most nursery products must now come with a product registration card and website address to assist in alerting consumers in the event of a recall.
KID believes that many of these actions will not only reduce recalls in the future, but make it more likely recalled products will be retrieved from use.
Let there be light: The mounting injuries and deaths associated with unsafe children’s products confirm that recall information is still not effectively reaching families and caregivers. To this point, the public has had virtually no access to injury and incident reports submitted to CPSC. The way it works, CPSC has to get manufacturers to agree to a voluntary recall, a process that takes time, and in the interim caregivers continue to unknowingly use products that pose dangerous hazards to children. We see the evidence of this from the report: For nursery products, the category of children’s products with the highest number of recalls, there were 108 reports of injury prior to recalls. One toy, the Step2 Push Buggy, had 28 individual reports of injuries before the recall. And many of the deaths had reports of injury or incidents of product failure before the deaths.
As required through CPSIA, CPSC is preparing to launch a publicly accessibly database that will help tremendously in this area. Set to go live on March 11th, this database will provide consumers with a place to report injury and safety information, and provide consumers, researchers and the CPSC with important information on injury trends and emerging hazards. The new database will allow consumers to access reports about unsafe products in a timely manner, so that preventable injuries can be avoided.
However, U.S. House of Representatives has adopted an amendment to a spending bill that defunds the CPSC database. If accepted in the Senate version of the funding bill, this will once again drop the veil of silence over injury reports collected from consumers. KID urges consumers to contact your senators and tell them to oppose these attempts to hijack safety and ask them to put the safety of our children first.
How to protect your children: KID recommends that parents check the products used with their children at www.cpsc.gov and sign up for safety updates at http://www.kidsindanger.org/. In addition, parents should report problems with a product both to the manufacturer and to CPSC at the new database, http://www.saferproducts.gov/, and urge elected representatives to protect CPSIA’s provisions and make children’s product safety a priority.


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Written by Kevin Wald
At showings of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, the audience responds to the happenings on screen with commentary of their own. The dialogue presented consists of typical audience-participation responses to various monologues by the Narrator in the film. Solvers must insert the Narrator's lines into the supplied blanks. The full exchanges go as follows:
I would like,You would, would you?
if I may,You may not.
to take youTake me! Take me!
on a strange journeyHow strange was it? So strange, they made a movie about it.
There are those who say that life is an illusion,Like your neck.
and that reality is simply a figment of the imagination.Also like your neck.
If this is so, then Brad and Janet are quite safe.Unlike your neck.
However,There's always a "however."
the sudden departure of their host and hisNeck?
creationAnd his neck.
into the seclusion of his somber bridal suiteWhere they were necking.
had left them feeling both apprehensiveAnd neckless.
and uneasy,And neckless.
a feeling which grewUnlike your neck.
as the other guests departedWith their necks.
and theyAnd their necks.
were shown to their separate rooms.Same room, different filter, cheap movie.
on the planet's face,What did you have for breakfast?
some insectsWhy is your phone bill so high?
called the human race,Where's your neck?
lost in timeAnd what's your favorite TV show?
and lost in spaceAnd what does this movie lack?
The insertion of the Narrator's lines assigns letters to the numbers from 1 to 129; when inserted into the appropriate places in the number arrangement below all the dialogues, they yield the following message:
IN SWEET SONG NOTE POSITIONS (FROM START) OF SEE, MY, JUST, DOWN & LAST YOU BEFORE SWEET GUY. LOOK THERE IN FILM TITLE TO GET X. MAKE SOMETHING THAT WOULD HORRIFY A XPHOBE.In the song "Sweet Transvestite" from The Rocky Horror Picture Show, the first appearences of "see," "my," "just," and "down" are as the 6th, 9th, 13th, and 17th words of the song, and the last appearence of "you" before "candyman" (SWEET GUY) is the 24th word of the song. The 6th, 9th, 13th, 17th and 24th letters of "The Rocky Horror Picture Show" are C, H, O, C, and O. Thus, the required object for the Phase 3 ritual is "something that would horrify a chocophobe" (that is, something chocolate).


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Experts warn of risk of hornet attacks
Yuri Ishihama / Yomiuri Shimbun Staff Writer
Entomologists are warning of possible hornet attacks after 48 people, including middle and high school students, were recently stung by a swarm of hornets in Kyoto.
Believed to be Japanese hornets, the insects struck as the students made their way to school on the morning of Aug. 25.
Hornets are known to become increasingly aggressive at this time of year, and the insect experts are urging people not to provoke the creatures.
According to the Kyoto prefectural police’s Kawabata Police Station, 41 students of local private middle and high schools, and seven others, including teachers and passersby, were attacked by hornets at around 8:20 a.m. near a municipal road in the city’s Sakyo Ward.
Seventeen of the people were taken to a hospital in the city, but none had serious injuries.
The hornets, which reportedly measured about three centimeters long, were identified as Japanese hornets, as a nest was found near the site of the attack. Japanese hornets often are attracted by dark-colored objects, and many of the victims were stung in the head, likely due to their dark hair.
Attacks on humans by bees and hornets occur across the nation every summer and autumn.
On Sept. 28 last year, seven middle school students working as mowing volunteers in Niigata were stung and taken to a hospital.
The same day, 10 people participating in a walking event in Kitakyushu were attacked by hornets.
When stung by bees or hornets, some people can suffer a form of physical shock called anaphylaxis, which, in the worst-case scenario, can result in death.
According to Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry statistics, about 20 people die from bee or hornet stings annually–in 2005 26 people died of stings, and in 2006 and 2007, the figures were 20 and 19 respectively.
Attacks on humans occur mainly in summer and autumn, when hornets, which are very aggressive with a strong poison, are in the midst of their breeding period.
Kagoshima University Faculty of Science Prof. Seiki Yamane, an expert in insect taxonomy, said hornets are especially sensitive about protecting their nests.
According to the professor, when a human approaches their nest, bees and hornets make reconnaissance flights, during which they will fly around the human’s face or body. However, they usually will not attack, as they are merely sounding out a potential threat.
Therefore, Yamane said, if one of the insects lands on your face, the best policy is to stand still and wait until the creature leaves of its own accord, then leave the area.
It is risky to make a fuss or attempt to fend off the insects by hand, because doing so merely makes them excited and aggressive. Furthermore, such actions can sometimes attract more of the insects.
There also are cases in which bees or hornets attack humans without the reconnaissance process, such as when a human accidentally stumbles upon a nest by accident.
If this happens, Yamane recommends that you leave the site silently and speedily to minimize damage. If stung, it is important to go to a hospital as quickly as possible by enlisting help from another person or by calling for an ambulance.
“When hornets are protecting their young, they’ll attack humans as a form of self-defense. As hornets often build nests in the eaves of houses, I recommend that people avoid carelessly exciting the insects,” Yamane said.
(Sep. 2, 2009 Yomiuri Shimbun)


A laser engraver is a machine that uses a laser beam to engrave or mark an object. The laser engraver produces a beam of light that is focused on to the surface of the object being engraved. The light from the laser beam vaporizes or melts the material, leaving a permanent mark on the object.
Laser engraving is an extremely versatile process that can be used on many different materials, including wood, plastic, metal, and glass. Laser engravers are commonly used to personalize objects with names, dates, logos, or other custom designs.
Twotrees TT-2.5 Laser Engraver Machine Laser Cutter Engraver Machine
The TT-2.5 from TwoTrees is a high-quality laser engraver and cutter that is perfect for anyone looking to get into the engraving business. With a cutting area of 200 x 300 m m and an engraving area of 300 x 500mm, this machine can handle almost any project you throw at it. The laser power is adjustable from 0-100%, so you can always get the perfect amount of power for your project. The software that comes with the machine is very user-friendly, so you will be able to get started on your projects right away.
ORTUR Laser Master 2 ProS2-SF Laser Engraver
The ORTUR Laser Master 2 ProS2-SF Laser Engraver is a great choice for anyone who wants an easy to use machine that can handle a variety of different materials. TheORUR Laser Master 2 ProS2-SF can easily engrave wood, plastic, metal, glass, and more, making it a versatile choice for any project.
This desktop laser engraver also comes with an impressive software suite that makes it easy to create custom designs and logos. The included software allows you to import images and vector files so you can create truly unique designs that are perfect for your business or personal projects.
If you’re looking for an affordable way to get started in the world of laser engraving, then the ORTUR Laser Master 2 ProS2-SF Laser Engraver is a great choice for you. This machine offers everything you need to get started, including an easy to use interface and a versatile design that can handle a variety of different materials.
TEN-High 3020 12 x 18 40 w 110 v C)2 Crafts Laser Engraving Machine
The TEN-High 3020 12 x 18 40 w 110 v C)2 Crafts Laser Engraving Machine is a top of the line product that offers a variety of features and benefits that are perfect for anyone looking for a high quality engraver. This model comes with an impressive 40 watt laser that is capable of engraving on to a variety of different materials including wood, glass, metal, and more. Additionally, the machine includes an easy to use interface that makes it simple to get started with your projects right away.
One of the best things about this hobby laser engraver is that it comes with an auto-focusing feature which ensures that your designs always turn out looking their best. The device also includes software that makes it easy to transfer your designs on to the material you’re working with – meaning you won’t have to waste any time or effort in getting started with your projects! Overall, the TEN-High 3020 12 x 18 40 w 110 v C)2 Crafts Laser Engraving Machine is an excellent choice for anyone in the market for a high quality engraver – and we highly recommend checking it out!
OMTech Laser Engravers
The most important feature of the OMTech Laser Engraver is its precision. It can engrave on any material with ease and produce amazing results. The machine is also very easy to use, which makes it perfect for beginners and those who are not familiar with engraving machines.
Another great feature of the OMTech Laser Engraver is its versatility. It can be used to engrave on different materials such as wood, metal, glass, and even plastic. This makes it perfect for those who want to create unique pieces or simply want to add a personal touch to their projects.
The OMTech Laser Engraver is also very affordable, which makes it a great choice for anyone on a budget. Despite its low price tag, it still offers a lot of features and benefits that make it worth every penny.
The Boss Laser is one of the most popular laser engravers on the market today. It’s known for its high quality, durability, and versatility. The machine is capable of engraving on a variety of materials including wood, glass, metal, plastics, and more. It also has a wide range of features that make it easy to use for any level of user.
One of the best things about the Boss Laser is its price tag. It’s very affordable compared to other similar machines on the market. In fact, it’s one of the most budget-friendly options available without sacrificing quality or performance. If you’re looking for an affordable way to add laser engraving capabilities to your business or art studio, then this is definitely the machine for you!
Regarding performance, the Boss Laser doesn’t disappoint either. It offers both high speed and high power options so you can get exactly what you need for your project requirements. The machine also includes software that makes it easy to create custom designs and logos. So whether you’re looking to add some personalization to your products or simply want to create unique gifts for friends and family members, this machine has everything you need!
Flux Beamo Desktop Laser Cutter & Engraver-Open Box
If you’re looking for a powerful and compact desktop laser cutter and engraver, then the Flux Beamo is a great option to consider. This machine is capable of engraving and cutting a variety of materials, including wood, acrylic, paper, cardboard, and even some metals. It’s also relatively easy to use, thanks to its intuitive controls and clear display screen.
One thing to keep in mind with the Flux Beamo is that it’s an open-box product, which means that it may have some cosmetic imperfections or blemishes. However, these are typically minor issues that don’t affect the performance of the machine. Overall, the Flux Beamo is a great choice for those who want a high-quality desktop laser cutter and engraver without spending a lot of money.


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Golden State Warriors forward Draymond Green’s flagrant foul on Oklahoma City Thunder center Steven Adams has been upgraded to a Flagrant Foul 2, and Green has been fined $25,000, it was announced today by Kiki VanDeWeghe, Executive Vice President, Basketball Operations.
The incident occurred with 5:57 remaining in the second quarter of the Thunder’s 133-105 win over the Warriors in Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals on May 22 at Chesapeake Energy Arena.
“After a thorough investigation that included review of all available video angles and interviews with the players involved and the officials working the game, we have determined that Green’s foul was unnecessary and excessive and warranted the upgrade and fine,” said VanDeWeghe.
“During a game, players – at times – flail their legs in an attempt to draw a foul,” VanDeWeghe continued, “but Green’s actions in this case warranted an additional penalty.”
The decision came at the end of a long day of waiting and back and forth by both the Warriors and Thunder following the second quarter incident in Game 3 on Sunday when Green drove to the basket, was fouled by the Thunder’s Steven Adams and the play ended with a kick to the groin.
After a video review by the game officials, Green was originally given a Flagrant 1 foul.
Monday’s decision means he has three flagrant-foul points in the playoffs and reaching four brings an automatic one-game suspension.
Green insisted that Sunday’s act was an accidental blow. But OKC’s Russell Westbrook said after the 133-105 Thunder rout that he believed it was intentional.
“Russell said I did it intentionally, but he’s part of the superstar group that started all this acting in the NBA,” Green said on Monday. “Russell Westbrook kicked me at the end of the half. He just didn’t happen to catch me where I caught Steven Adams.”
Green insisted that he was just flailing with his arms and legs trying to sell a foul call against Adams.
Westbrook wasn’t buying it.
“He’s trying to take the heat of himself,” Westbrook said.


THE HOUSE of Commons backed gay marriage overwhelmingly last night, although more Tory MPs voted against David Cameron than with him.
136 Conservative MPs opposed the bill, which will allow same sex marriage for the first time in Britain, while 127 backed it and 40 abstained. 12 Tory ministers, including Owen Paterson, the environment secretary, and David Jones, the Welsh secretary, opposed the bill.
Despite less than half of Conservative MPs voting in favour of the bill, widespread support from Labour and the Liberal Democrats pushed it through. 400 voted in favour, with 175 against.
217 Labour MPs backed gay marriage with 22 opposed, while 44 Lib Dems voted for the bill against four who voted against it.
London MPs to vote against the bill included Tories Sir Malcolm Rifkind (Kensington) and David Evennett (Bexleyheath and Crayford), Lib Dem Sarah Teather (Brent Central) and Labour’s Stephen Pound (Ealing North).
Cameron said the vote was “an important step forward for out country”. The bill will now be scrutinised in the House of Lords.


A 25-year-old man is in critical condition after being stabbed in the chest during an argument.
Students were sent a TU Alert on Saturday night around 11 p.m. to report an assault on Gratz Street near Montgomery Avenue.
Temple Police confirmed that the man, who was not affiliated with Temple, engaged in an argument with another man. The man was stabbed in the chest by the other male and was taken to Temple University Hospital. He remains in critical condition, Executive Director of Campus Safety Charlie Leone said.
Though Temple Police does not have a detailed description of the suspect, he is described as a 6-foot man who was last seen wearing blue jeans.
Witnesses were taken in by Philadelphia Police for interviews.


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Smith Rock at sunset on the first night.
The Peanut, between Morning Glory and the Dihedral...
BETA PHOTO: Hop on Pop, on the Peanut wall
Swallow nests along the river
Morgantown on Rope-de-Dope wall. Very fun 10!
Cleaning up on 5 Gallon Buckets, Zebra area of the...
Monkey Face from Hello Kitty
The top of Monkey Face from Misery Ridge
Smith Rock Group from Misery Ridge
BETA PHOTO: Shamu line on Rope de Dope
Morning Glory in all it's glory
The view from Rim Rock Canyon Trail
Vance rappelling Time to Shower
She Was Just Seventeen (V2) on Gorilla Cliff Bould...
Vance next to the Fearless Variation
Next to Fearless on Gorilla Cliff
Moving up on the Gorilla Cliff
Only the first 24 are shown above.


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Poland salvage crucial point in Group A
ESPN analysts Fernando Palomo and Taylor Twellman on Poland's 1-1 draw against Russia.
(00:58) | June 12, 2012
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Platini wants to take Euro 2020 across Europe
Euro 2012: UEFA President Michel Platini has said he wants as many as 13 cities to host Euro 2020.
(03:10) | Jun 30, 2012
Blanc quits as France head coach
Euro 2012: Laurent Blanc will not renew his contract as head coach of France, the French Football Federation confirmed on Saturday.
(00:58) | Jun 30, 2012
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WATCH: Calhanoglu's fantastic free-kick
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La Liga: Barcelona manager Luis Enrique insists that their 3-1 defeat to Real Madrid is part of a learning process his side need to undertake.
(01:01) | Oct 25, 2014
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La Liga: Real Madrid head coach Carlo Ancelotti insists that he couldn't choose a best player from his side, after they beat Barcelona 3-1 in El Clasico.
(00:54) | Oct 25, 2014
Champagne: USA should host 2022 if Qatar is guilty
International Football: One of the biggest issues facing the next FIFA president is the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
(02:45) | Oct 25, 2014
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La Liga: Barcelona head coach Luis Enrique defends his decision to start Luis Suarez, who performed brilliantly until being substituted.
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MLS: A late brace from Marco Pappa ensured that Seattle would take home the Supporters' Shield.
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Days without accident!


chordman 61 years old male Arlington, TX member since 2017
Professional, own equipment, financial stable and able.Play authentic sounding keyboard bass with left hand, piano with various layered strings and pads in right hand. Mostly instrumental Cover classic rock, pop, progressive country. Anything from Keith Urban to Micheal Jackson to Celine to REO & Foreigner to . . . Looking for an accomplished female lead sax to play melody lines with semi-jazz add lib's and solos. Female drummer capable of semi-aggressive add lib's and solos.I take care of the bass chords and notable piano runs.All instruments will be group purchased electronic for equalization and balancing.
70's, 80's, 90's, 2000's
Quality, appropriate PA systemMulti-function keyboard, various foot controllers, melodica.
Join a band, Start a band, Find musicians
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Using Quercetin for Gout Relief
Quercetin is a flavonoid (plant pigment) that is responsible for the bright colors and medicinal properties of many plant. It is a common bioflavonoid that is consumed by people and is the most active bioflavonoid in laboratory testing. It is known to act as an antioxidant, have anti-inflammatory properties and also performs activities that can inhibit Xanthine oxidase (the enzyme that stimulates uric acid production), similar to the medication Allopurinol.
Quercetin for Gout Relief and Prevention
Quercetin's most recognized effect on gout is the relief and prevention of inflammation caused by gout attacks. Quercetin's anti-inflammatory activities allows it to stabilize the cells that release histamine in the body, thus preventing or inhibiting an inflammatory response. This often results in fewer or lessened effects of symptoms that are caused by a gout attack and inflammation.
Another one of Quercetin's notable properties has been displayed experimentally, where it provides the same action as allopurinol, a medication for gout. Quercetin has the curious ability to act as a natural inhibitor to Xanthine oxidase, thus helping to prevent the continued production of uric acid in the body.
As a dietary flavonoid, quercetin is easily available in colorful fruits and vegetables that include apples, black, green and buckwheat tea, red grapes, cherries, raspberries, citrus fruits, Ginkgo biloba and onions.
Quercetin can also be extracted from the aforementioned food sources and be made available in convenient pills. It is usually combined with other dietary ingredients to increase its efficacy.
Quercetin Supplement Variations
Quercetin is widely available as an encapsulated pill supplement. It is typically combined with other dietary ingredients to increase its efficacy. Papain and Bromelain are two common dietary ingredients that are known to increase the absorption of quercetin in the body and increase its efficacy. Bromelain is perhaps the best complementary ingredient due to its anti-inflammatory properties and its efficacy as an anti-gout natural supplement.
How to Use Quercetin for Gout Relief and Prevention
While quercetin is effective on its own, its efficacy is significantly increased when paired with dietary ingredients such as bromelain, another popular anti-gout supplement. Bromelain is known to increase the absorption of quercetin in the body, introducing the maximum amount of quercetin in the system that can combat uric acid levels. When considering quercetin for gout relief and prevention, try to find a supplement that has bromelain included in its mixture.
As a supplement, quercetin is generally very safe if taken in reasonable amounts and for a short period of time. A common dosage is at least 500 milligrams twice a day for a span of 12 weeks. Risks that may occur after the recommended amount of time is unknown. Quercetin should be taken in intervals with periodic breaks to prevent overconsumption.
Similar to drugs and other dietary supplements, Quercetin can cause side-effects or may interact with other medications, drugs or supplements you are currently on. Before adding quercetin into your anti-gout regime, be sure to speak to your doctor if you are concerned about any risks concerning the use of this dietary supplement. Pregnant and breastfeeding women and people with kidney disease should avoid taking quercetin. Enough evidence is not available to confirm safe usage of quercetin for children.
Quercetin may cause headaches and an upset stomach if sensitive or upon initial consumption. If the headaches or stomach pain continue or worsen, discontinue use and contact your doctor. Additionally, in some patient cases it has been shown that a byproduct of quercetin can lead to a loss of protein function. In high dosages or in excessive consumption, quercetin has been linked to kidney damage or failure.
Interactions with other Medications
Quercetin can have moderate to severe interactions with the following medications:
Quinolone antibiotics. Quercetin competes with this medication and decreases its efficacy
- CYP 3A4 substrate drugs. Quercetin is known to significantly inhibit the drug's activity and increase the side-effects of this medication
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you recommend a good supplement of Quercetin for gout?
Please refer to our gout supplements page.
Can Quercetin help against gout attacks or prevent from gout? I want to know if Quercetin will help future attacks or it can give pain relief at time of gout attack.
Quercetin can help prevent gout attacks by providing two functions:
- Anti-inflammatory activity: Quercetin inhibits the compounds that contribute to an inflammatory response, thus reducing the chances of the painful swelling and enlargement of joints from occurring.
- Natural xanthine oxidase inhibitor: Quercetin inhibits the enzyme that is responsible for the production of uric acid. By halting the uric acid production it helps to prevent the increase of uric acid levels in the blood and allows the body to more effectively rid of the current uric acid levels present.
Can I just eat a lot of food sources instead of buying any supplement?
Quercetin is a bioflavonoid that can be found in many color fruits and vegetables such as apples, black, green and buckwheat tea, red grapes, cherries, raspberries, citrus fruits, Ginkgo biloba and onions. Eating a balanced diet of the aforementioned foods can provide relief and aid in prevention of gout. If you find that you are unable to develop a meal plan that incorporates many of these foods you can find inspiration from our anti-gout recipe section or purchase a supplement that contains a quercetin complex that is complemented by bromelain.