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Philip Stott, member of the SSP and the Committee for a Workers’ International (CWI) gives his analysis of the Scottish Independence Convention and the trajectory of the SSP.
It’s been more than a decade and a half since the soothsayers of capitalism pronounced the triumph of the market and read the last rites for socialism. Events since then have not worked out as well as the free-market ideologues had initially hoped. Neo-liberal policies and capitalist globalisation – the twin hatchets that the capitalist class internationally have used to slash away at workers’ rights and the social conditions of the majority of the world’s population – have produced mass opposition in its wake. The deepening social revolt in Latin America, the first continent to suffer the laboratory experiment of neo-liberalism and privatisation has shaken imperialism. While not yet carrying through a socialist revolution, events in Venezuela, Bolivia and other countries underline a growing tide of revolt against capitalist policies internationally.
The so-called developed west has seen the emergence of important class battles in Europe on pensions, jobs, wages and attacks on working conditions. This has provoked major strike movements in Belgium, Italy, Ireland and Greece in the last few months.
US imperialism, the colossus who bestrode the world unchallenged, has been exposed as having feet of clay. Bush’s hopes following the Iraq invasion, a reliable source of cheap oil and a strengthened hand for imperialism’s policies in the Middle East, are sinking into the quagmire. Iraq is becoming a nightmare for imperialism with no exit strategy. There is a majority inside the US now opposed to Bush’s strategy. While in Iraq the horrors of the occupation and the policies of the US and UK has led to tens of thousands of Iraqi deaths and a developing civil war with incalculable consequences for Iraq and the entire region. The weakening position for imperialism and their allies in the Middle East was also underlined by the election victory for Hamas in the West Bank and Gaza recently.
Alongside these and other important developments is a tangible reawakening of interest in socialist ideas among sections of young people and the working class. The Committee for a Workers International has parties and organisations in almost 40 countries across the world and in many of these sections we have seen significant growth in the last year or so. (see Committee for a Workers International)
As well as building our own revolutionary Marxist forces, the CWI has advocated the need to build new mass parties of the working class as an important step to challenging the neo-liberal offensive. Even where these parties don’t adopt initially a clear socialist and internationalist programme they would represent a step forward.
This is also the approach we have taken towards the SSP in Scotland. We were founding members off the SSP in 1998 and have worked to build the party since then, while arguing for an alternative political strategy and programme to that of the SSP leadership. We believe there are big possibilities in Scotland to reach a new generation with socialist ideas and the SSP has the potential to do that. Our differences with the SSP leadership, a number of whom including Tommy Sheridan and Alan McCombes formally broke with the CWI in 2001, were over their rejection of the need to defend and build support for a Marxist programme while building the politically broader SSP. Their break from the policies and methods of the CWI has also led to political mistakes which are jeopardising the very future of the SSP.
It’s against this background of new opportunities for socialists in Scotland and internationally that the setbacks suffered by the SSP have been so disappointing. They have dealt a serious blow to the morale of party members and those who saw the SSP as a refreshing alternative to the pro-capitalist establishment in Scotland. Public support for the SSP has fallen significantly and without doubt it has complicated the task of building a more powerful and viable socialist force. The CWI has dealt with these setbacks and outlined a strategy for recovery for the party in our statement, Which way now for the SSP? (CWI Scotland)
The enforced resignation of Tommy Sheridan as national convenor by the SSP Executive Committee was the catalyst for a crisis that has done severe and possibly lasting damage to the SSP. But it is important to understand that these events were a reflection of a fundamentally mistaken political approach by the party leadership to the tasks of building a mass socialist party; above all how, and on what programme, is a new party to be built and sustained. This mistaken approach is continuing and can further weaken the SSP unless a political change of direction is undertaken and rapidly.
In our view the SSP leadership completely mis-judged the public impact that Tommy Sheridan’s resignation would have on the fortunes of the SSP. This was a reflection of a lack of an appreciation of the public standing Tommy Sheridan had, and still has, and the way in which his role in the mass struggles like the poll tax (when he was a member of the CWI) and since then played a decisive role in laying the basis of support for what was to become the SSP. Even more seriously, in our view, it exposes a leadership, or sections of the leadership of the SSP, that has lost its ability to connect with the working class.
The CWI has fundamental political differences with Tommy Sheridan. In fact we were the only platform to challenge, in the form of a motion to the SSP National Council, Tommy Sheridan’s support for the
mixed economy during the 2003 general election campaign. While Tommy Sheridan was arguing there was no need to nationalise companies like Tesco, the CWI counter posed the need to bring the multinational companies into public ownership under democratic working class control and management to form the basis of a planned socialist economy.
We have also opposed Tommy Sheridan and others in the leadership of the SSP on their increasing turn to left nationalism.
This has been graphically represented by the text of the
Declaration of Calton Hill, the approach taken towards the Independence Convention, and the now clearly expressed and formulated strategy of the need to
break apart the UK before it is possible to advance the cause of socialism.
It is likely that independence and the break up of the British State will be posed long before the forces of socialism are strong enough to defeat capitalism in Scotland (Alan McCombes’ statement on the Independence Convention, October 2005)
Two and an half years have passed since the SSP EC brought forward their proposal to launch the Independence Convention. The CWI opposed this proposal when it was brought to the National Council in August 2003 for three key reasons:
- 1. What was proposed was a parliamentary bloc between the SSP, the SNP and the Greens. There would be virtually no independent working class forces involved which would mean the SSP would be locked into a campaign dominated by pro-capitalist forces.
- 2. Support for independence has dipped significantly since the formation of the Scottish parliament and there would be little popular support for such an initiative at this stage.
- 3. The SSP leadership were preparing to submerge the political banner of the SSP into a pro-independence front that would
promote the benefits of [capitalist] independence. Quote from original draft of SSP EC statement proposing the launch of the convention.
We warned the SSP membership that:
Rather than strengthening the forces of socialism such a ‘popular front’ for independence would serve only to weaken and disorientate the forces of socialism while bolstering those of nationalism. (Socialists and the National Question, CWI statement, August 2004)
These warnings have proved to be accurate. Since then we have had the launch of the Convention at a meeting overwhelmingly dominated by the members and supporters of the SSP, Greens and particularly the SNP; but with virtually no independent working class representation. The SSP EC described the launch meeting of the convention as having: “confirmed that the independence movement in Scotland is overwhelmingly antiwar; opposed to nuclear weapons; concerned about global and domestic inequality of wealth; and in favour of a diverse, multicultural Scotland where asylum seekers are welcome.” (SSP EC motion to 2006 conference) is a clear warning of the direction they are proposing to take the SSP.
To describe the independence movement and therefore the SNP as reflecting these aims is wrong in fact and in principle. The SNP are staunchly pro-capitalist, for cuts in corporation and business rates and wish to model the Scottish economy on the
Celtic Tiger where Irish and migrant workers are facing a neo-liberal onslaught on wages and conditions. Just a few days after the convention’s launch, Alex Salmond attacked Gordon Brown for levying a windfall tax on oil profits, claiming it would
cost Scottish jobs and weaken the Scottish economy. So concerned are they about
inequality of wealth that they want to implement policies that would further widen the gap between the rich and the rest. The
anti-war SNP also supports troops from
Muslim countries taking over from the current US/UK occupation of Iraq.
What the EC’s position does illustrate is a conscious attempt to politically minimise the differences between the
pro-independence forces. If this goes unchallenged it will increasingly see the SSP tail-end the SNP. Already there are vocal demands from some SSP members calling on the SSP to back the SNP in the 2007 constituency elections for the Scottish parliament. Given the political trajectory of the SSP leadership over the last couple of years this is actually a logical proposal; as is a post-election coalition between the SSP and the SNP.
It would be difficult to overstate the damage this can do to the SSP. The SNP are seen by big sections of the working class as part of the same political establishment as New Labour. The advances made by the SSP between 1999 and 2003 were precisely based on the fact that the party was seen as an alternative to the pro-business political establishment. The SNP have lost support in the last four elections – reflecting the softening of the mood on the national question in Scotland and their move to the right politically. The profile of the SSP as a fighting, class based anti-capitalist and socialist alternative to the business parties has been diluted by the turn towards the SNP and left nationalism and can potentially prove fatal for the SSP if not halted.
No account is taken by the SSP EC of the limited backing that independence has among the Scottish population at this stage. While any
union has to be voluntary, and the UK state does not fall into that category, separation must also be a voluntary measure – with the active support of a majority of the population. That is not the case at the moment. The idea of the convention offering a
fast, broad highway towards independence (Alan McCombes, Scottish Socialist Voice No 182) is a complete illusion. There is no fast highway to independence. There will be ferocious opposition to the break up of the UK from British and Scottish big business reflecting their class interests at this stage. There are also significant doubts, and even opposition, among sections of the working class to the idea of an independent capitalist Scotland being an advance. A capitalist Scotland that under the SNP would continue the brutal attacks on workers’ rights as in Ireland and increasingly in Norway, Denmark and other nation states served up as
economic models by the SNP.
Under these conditions the road to independence is likely to involve many twists, turns and setbacks. The CWI in no way rules out a re-emergence of a strong mood, and at some stage possible mass support for independence in Scotland. We support the demand for a referendum on independence as a democratic right. We have consistently supported and fought, for decades, for the democratic rights of the Scottish people, including the right to an independent state where a majority support it. But it is essential that socialists explain, as the CWI has done, that only a policy based on the need to break completely with capitalism can a solution to poverty and inequality be found. That is why we support the founding programme of the SSP which called for an independent socialist Scotland which we believe should form part of a voluntary and democratic confederation of socialist states alongside England, Wales and Ireland as part of a socialist Europe.
The building of a more powerful force for socialism in Scotland requires an unambiguous, ideological struggle against the ideas of the SNP today and the possibility of the emergence of left nationalism as a mass force in the future. To their discredit the SSP leadership are doing the opposite and are in the process of politically disarming the SSP of its socialist and class based ideas. This in turn will weaken the ability of the SSP to counter the radical, semi-anti capitalist ideas of left nationalism that don’t propose to go beyond the framework of capitalism. Instead there is a danger the SSP can become the champions of these ideas if the current political approach of the leadership does not change.
Republican Communist Network
This consistent and principled opposition by the CWI platform towards the SSP leadership’s turn to left nationalism has not been shared by the RCN platform. On the contrary, the RCN welcomed with open arms the
Declaration of Calton Hill. The RCN in their journal, Emancipation & Liberation No. 7, prepared for the 2005 SSP conference stated:
FULL MARKS FOR REPUBLICAN INITIATIVE. They even went on to call on the SSP:
to advance the party’s other initiative, the Scottish Independence Convention, on sound republican principles. As we have explained in this article the Convention proposal from the SSP EC represented not a turn to the left but a turning away from a principled socialist and Marxist position.
Unlike the RCN who praised the Calton Hill Declaration, the CWI warned:
There are many ideas contained in the declaration that could be supported; an end to poverty and a redistribution of wealth; the removal of nuclear weapons; the abolition of the monarchy; an end to racism and oppression etc. But the declaration was constructed in such a way that the entire emphasis of the document was that an independent Scottish republic could achieve these goals. There was no mention of socialism in the declaration and as a result the danger is that it will promote illusions in what can be achieved in an independent capitalist republic. It should not be forgotten that the USA is a republic, and has a written constitution, as is France, but because they are based on the class rule of a capitalist elite the majority of their populations are consigned to a life of struggle and insecurity. It was therefore wrong of the SSP leadership to draw up a document that consciously omitted any reference to the need to stand for socialism.
Building a socialist Scotland or an independent republic – International Socialist issue No 23
Events in both France and the US since then have underlined this approach a thousand times over. The continuing programme of attacks on French workers being carried out by the Chirac – de Villepin government, the recent riots – fuelled by poverty discrimination and racism – of the most downtrodden sections of French society underlined that a republic, even one based on
equality and liberty, would not fundamentally alter the class character of the state.
A capitalist republic?
The RCN might wish to ponder the fact that the French government introduced emergency powers, including curfews, the powers of mass arrest and other draconian measures during the riots. These repressive powers were available to them despite the lack of
Crown Powers and other feudal remnants. Similarly, in the US the occupation of Iraq and numerous wars and
police actions have been sanctioned by a
republic and one with a written constitution no less. Let’s recall that the Calton Hill declaration commented:
We believe that a written Constitution will guarantee, under law, everyone’s right to freely vote, speak and assemble; and will guarantee the people’s right to privacy and protection, and access to information on all its Government’s doings. In practice it would do nothing of the sort.
The US Patriot Act, and an arsenal of repressive legislation, has been enacted in the US as part of the
war on terror, despite a constitution. The December 2005 New York transit strike saw workers fined two day’s pay for every day they went on strike and their union fined $1 million per day as a result of the anti-union laws. For the SSP leadership, with the RCN’s fulsome backing, to draft such a declaration was a mistake and can only reinforce illusions in what would be possible in an independent Scottish capitalist republic.
Does that mean, as the RCN have accused the CWI of in the past, that socialists and Marxists should reject the fight for democratic rights as an unimportant issue?
The CWI and the parties affiliated to it have a long record off opposing anti-democratic legislation. From the Criminal Justice Act to ID cards and other
anti-terror and anti-immigrant legislation to fighting for the repeal of anti-union laws, to opposing repressive measures against the Catholic population in Northern Ireland. Internationally, sections of the CWI in Pakistan, Chile, Nigeria, South Africa, Sri Lanka among others have worked under brutal military dictatorships or semi-Bonapartist regimes, where the struggle for the most basic of democratic rights like the right to vote, organise free trade unions, the right to carry out any political activity etc did not exist. This meant that the demand for basic democratic rights have formed an essential part of our day-day fighting programme, while emphasising the need for mass mobilisations to win democratic concessions from the ruling elites.
Nor are Marxists neutral on the form that a capitalist state would take. We fight for the maximum amount of democracy and space for the working class and the oppressed to conduct a struggle in defence of their rights. It is a basic principle of Marxism to explain the limitations of bourgeois democracy and to argue that
maximum democracy is only possibly under a socialist society where the economy, what was left of the state, and the day to day running of society would be planned, controlled and managed by the majority of the population. Unfortunately the RCN do not take this approach. Instead they elevate the struggle for a democratic republic stripped of the monarchy and Crown Powers as the central battle to engage in. This is how the comrades justify it:
The Crown Powers provide the British ruling class with a constitutional sanction to go about their affairs, in whatever manner they deem necessary. They provided cover for the Iraq war preparations, long before the Westminster vote. The same Crown Powers are used to give backing to the massive encroachment on our civil rights represented by shoot-to-kill, gagging the BBC, dawn raids on ‘failed’ asylum seekers’ families, and turning an official blind-eye to US ‘extraordinary rendition’ flights landing in Scotland.
The SSP & the Scottish Independence Convention; a Scottish Internationalist and Republican response, RCN
Let’s imagine for a minute that the British state did not have a monarchy or Crown powers, like say the US or France. Would it still be possible for the British government backed by the ruling class to go to war? To attack asylum seekers and curtail the freedom of the press? Not only would these attacks continue but they would inevitably happen because the capitalists are forced onto the offensive against the rights of the working and middle class; to attack the democratic rights of the population particularly in a period of economic decline and an increasing challenge to their rule by the working class they exploit. The ability to defeat these attacks and to prevent imperialist wars depends on the action of the working class and the poor internationally.
The RCN go on to say about the type of independence the SSP should be fighting for:
Therefore, the only campaign which even offers the prospect of political independence is one which is designed to break the ruling class’s Crown Powers. (The SSP & the Scottish Independence Convention; a Scottish Internationalist and Republican response, RCN)
But real independence, real democracy, requires a complete break with capitalism and the building of a democratic socialist society. Why limit a struggle for
political independence and
real democracy to only abolishing the feudal elements of the British or possible future independent Scottish capitalist state? Why not deal with root of the problem i.e. capitalism?
A two – stage approach
The RCN want to limit the socialist movement to:
outline[ing] an internationalist and republican strategy to win support for a campaign based on the sound principles outlined in the Calton Hill Declaration. (The SSP & the Scottish Independence Convention; a Scottish Internationalist and Republican response, RCN).
Eventually, through building such wider support we can begin to organise the large political mobilisations which can make a Scottish republic a reality. If the SSP are in the lead of such developments, then such a republic will both offer us more democratic freedoms and open up further doors, for economic and political advance, including John Maclean’s vision of a Scottish Workers Republic and international socialism. (E & L No 9)
The RCN are guilty of arguing that if only we at least had a Scottish republic we would then have the democratic freedoms to advance the struggle for socialism. Why is it not possible to build support for socialism now? Inherent in the RCN’s approach is the idea that a successful struggle for socialism is not possible without first achieving a democratic republic. There is more than an echo here of the discredited theory of stages, first advanced by the Russian Mensheviks, in opposition to Lenin and Trotsky. They argued that the task of socialists was to support the overthrow of the Tsarist dictatorship and establish a democratic capitalist Russia, modelled on the successful bourgeois democratic revolutions that overthrew feudalism in England, France etc. Only after a period of modern capitalist development would there be the material and economic basis for socialism, they argued.
It was Trotsky in his theory of the permanent revolution who drew the conclusion that the bourgeois in Russia were too weak, too tied to the feudal landlords and imperialism, to be capable of carrying through the tasks of the bourgeois democratic revolution. The carrying through of these tasks including land reform, the introduction of democracy, creation of a nation state, and the development of a modern capitalist economy instead would require the leadership of the working class, alongside a movement of the poor peasants and would be merged with the tasks of the socialist revolution, i.e. the breaking of the feudal and capitalist elements of the economy and the state. In practice that is precisely what did happen as the
democratic phase of the Russian revolution – February 1917, which solved none of the problems of war, hunger and exploitation – rapidly gave way to the October revolution and the coming to power of the working class through the Soviets, led by the Bolshevik party of Lenin and Trotsky.
Ignoring the experience of the worker’s and socialist movement over the last 100 years, the RCN are making a major political mistake by advancing a position that seeks to consciously postpone the idea of the socialist revolution until after the achievement of a democratic republic. By elevating the need to deal with the democratic questions – the abolition of the monarchy and crown powers prior to the winning of a socialist society – to an overarching principle they are effectively saying
socialism must wait. This type of approach has led to many a lost opportunity and even defeat for revolutionary movements in the past.
Key role for the working class
The experience of the Marxist and socialist movement internationally has underlined again and again that the democratic tasks of a revolution, if they are to be made far-reaching and permanent, are indissolubly linked to the socialist transformation of society. While fighting for the maximum in democratic rights for the working class and the population generally under capitalism, we have a duty to explain the limitations inherent in capitalist democracy and at all times put forward the case for socialism. That means explaining the key and central role of the working class as the decisive force in carrying through such a task.
The position of the SSP leadership, particularly Alan McCombes who has written extensively on theses issues, indicates a turning away from the working class as the main agency for political change in Scotland. In an article written for the Scottish Socialist Voice (SSV) after John Swinney’s resignation as leader of the SNP, Alan McCombes wrote:
A victory for either Roseanna Cunningham or Alex Neil – both of them capable and charismatic figures – would have the effect of regenerating interest in politics generally. It would help to shift the ideological centre of gravity in Scotland further to the left and, at the same time, strengthen support for independence. All of this would create a more politicised climate, favourable to both the SNP and the SSP.
(SSV No 182)
Apart from grossly exaggerating the
left credentials of the SNP contenders, these comments underline that Alan McCombes has assigned to the nationalist movement the key role in radicalising Scottish society. The CWI have rejected this idea. It is the working class moving into action against attacks on pensions, jobs and conditions, alongside the development of the anti-war movement and the movement of young people that will provide the forces that will
shift the ideological centre of gravity in Scotland further to the left. The CWI fully recognises that the national question has had and will continue to have a politicising effect in Scotland. But at all times we need to link the national and democratic struggle for the need for a socialist solution.
The RCN are also guilty of playing down the role of the working class when they say:
The Britain-wide trade union strike wave, which started soon after the initial struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland, was contained more easily by the incoming Labour government of 1974.
While after the defeat of the1984/85 miners strike:
The miners’ power was broken; whilst Tory and Labour governments had to make a series of concessions to the Irish Republican resistance.
It is frankly ridiculous to dismiss the movements of the working class from 1970-74 in this way. They included two miners’ strikes, the UCS occupation on the Clyde, strikes of steel workers, car workers – 90% of which were unofficial – building workers, the Saltley gates mass pickets, the jailing of building workers and dockers which brought Britain to the verge of a general strike. These momentous class battles halted the Heath government’s plans on anti-trade union laws and delayed the capitalists’ offensive on workers’ rights. Overall 44 million days were lost through strike action in these four years.
Even worse, from the point of view of the RCN, is the attempt to elevate the methods of individual terrorism by the republican movement in Northern Ireland to a higher form of a struggle than that of mass action by the working class. The analysis made by the RCN of the experience of the Republican movement in Northern Ireland is wrong and contrasts vividly with that of the CWI.
When the IRA campaign began in earnest in 1971, it drew mass support from Catholic working class youth in response to state repression, particularly internment, and to poverty and unemployment.
Thousands of young people looked to the IRA because they felt that the mass civil rights campaign had not been listened to and that the IRA’s methods of individual terrorism offered a more effective way of fighting back. The silence of the leaders of the labour movement, who drew back from any involvement in an increasingly difficult situation, meant that there was no class explanation on offer that could have provided an alternative to the thousands of young people who were getting caught up in paramilitary organisations at this time.
The only way to overthrow or defeat a modern capitalist state is through mass action by the working class. Individual terrorism substitutes the actions of a small group of individuals for the mass actions of a class and can never succeed.
The Provisional campaign was doubly counter-productive in that it was based on a minority of the population and, no matter what the intent, had the effect of antagonising the Protestant majority and of dividing and weakening the working class.
By the mid to late 1980s, the campaign had effectively run its course. The IRA had the capacity to carry on at a low ebb for a further period but the leadership had come to realise that there was no hope that the military campaign would succeed.
(Socialist View, November 2005, Socialist Party (CWI) – Ireland)
The emphasis the CWI has put on united working class action was underlined recently by the recent strike action by postal workers, Catholic and Protestant, in Northern Ireland. Royal Mail bosses were forced into a climbdown by this action. The potential for a united working class movement to defeat the bosses’ offensive and cut across sectarian division was graphically illustrated as these workers organised a march up the Shankill Road, across the
peace line and down the Falls Road. Sectarian politicians on all sides made speeches at the peace line but only the CWU members and the Socialist Party with our banner “For workers unity” marched the whole route. On both the Shankill and the Falls local communities came out to cheer and support the postal workers.
A way forward if the SSP is to recover and move forward as a viable vehicle for the struggle for socialism it has to do so on a clear political basis. That means putting forward a fighting day-to-day programme that addresses the immediate issues facing the working class. On pensions, the war in Iraq, privatisation, poverty, wages and on any number of questions the SSP can put forward a distinctive alternative to the neo-liberal assaults on the working class. By building and rebuilding a reputation for defending the interests of the working class and the oppressed the party can move forward. With a principled approach to the national question, defending the democratic rights of the Scottish people while explaining the need to join the struggle for socialism the SSP can also advance its position.
However, that will require the SSP leadership to alter its course, away from the increasing tendency to downplay socialism and the increasing trend towards nationalist ideas. If not, an opportunity will have been lost that will complicate the task of building Scottish Independence Convention a mass socialist alternative to neo-liberalism and capitalism in Scotland. The world has turned since the “End of History” was declared by the supporters of capitalism after the collapse of the Stalinist regimes of Russia and Eastern Europe. Capitalism is a failing system. The period we are moving into will see new and growing opportunities to strengthen and deepen the support for socialism and Marxism. We believe that the CWI has an important role to play in that process. The debates on political differences can hopefully help to clarify the way forward for the SSP and the wider workers’ movement.

domain: politics


Pulitzer Prize winner James Forman Jr. will headline a conference hosted by the University of Virginia School of Law that will examine racism in the United States. The event marks the one-year anniversary of the August 2017 “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville.
Sponsored by UVA Law, the school’s Center for the Study of Race and Law, the Carter G. Woodson Institute and the Virginia Law Review, “One Year After Charlottesville: Replacing the Resurgence of Racism With Reconciliation” will be held Sept. 27-28 and explore the nation’s history of racism, racial violence and white supremacy, and where it stands today through the lens of empirical critical race theory.
“We’re trying to take back the discourse so it’s no longer about giving a voice to white supremacy and nationalism,” said professor Dayna Bowen Matthew ’87, an organizer of the event. “We’re trying to speak for and with people who have been harmed and silenced by hate in all its manifestations.”
Forman, professor of law at Yale Law School, will deliver the keynote on Sept. 27 at 4 p.m. at The Paramount Theater in Charlottesville. He is author of “Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America,” which won the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction.
Thursday, Sept. 27
James Forman Jr., Yale Law School, "Claiming Your Power: American Racism, the Alt-Right, and Radical Resistance"
Author of “Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America,” Winner of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction
Hosted by President Jim Ryan ’92, University of Virginia. Q&A to follow.
Free. Tickets required for entry.
Friday, Sept. 28
Caplin Pavilion, University of Virginia School of Law
Vice Dean Leslie Kendrick ’06, University of Virginia School of Law
Dean Risa Goluboff, University of Virginia School of Law
PLENARY PANEL 1: THE BODY
Moderator: Dayna Bowen Matthew, University of Virginia School of Law, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine
Student Moderator: Courtney Davis ’20
- Khiara M. Bridges, Boston University School of Law, Boston University Department of Anthropology
- Annette Gordon-Reed, Harvard Law School
- Jonathan Kahn, Mitchell Hamline School of Law
- Terence Keel, University of California, Los Angeles Department of African American Studies and Institute for Society and Genetics
11:15 a.m.-12:45 p.m.
PLENARY PANEL 2: POLICING COMMUNITIES
Moderator: Josh Bowers, University of Virginia School of Law
Student Moderator: Robbie Pomeroy ’19
- Jennifer Chacón, University of California, Los Angeles Law School
- Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt, Stanford University Department of Psychology
- Jeffrey A. Fagan, Columbia University Law School, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University
- Laura E. Gómez, University of California, Los Angeles School of Law, UCLA Departments of Sociology and Chicana and Chicano Studies
- Timothy Heaphy '91, University Counsel, University of Virginia
Theodore M. Shaw, University of North Carolina School of Law; Director, Center for Civil Rights
Introduction by Kim Forde-Mazrui, University of Virginia School of Law; Director, Center for the Study of Race and Law
PLENARY PANEL 3: INSTITUTIONS
Moderator: Osagie Obasogie, University of California, Berkeley Joint Medical Program, School of Public Health
Student Moderator: Zach Ingber ’19
- Claudrena Harold, University of Virginia Corcoran Department of History
- Gregory Mitchell, University of Virginia School of Law
- Gregory Parks, Wake Forest University School of Law
- Victor D. Quintanilla, Indiana University Bloomington, Maurer School of Law
PLENARY PANEL 4: SOCIAL MOBILITY
Moderator: Dean Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Boston University School of Law
Student Moderator: Toccara Nelson ’19
- R. Richard Banks, Stanford Law School
- Andrew Kahrl, University of Virginia Corcoran Department of History
- Taeku Lee, Berkeley Law, University of California, Berkeley Political Science Department
- Daria Roithmayr, University of Southern California Gould School of Law
Founded in 1819, the University of Virginia School of Law is the second-oldest continuously operating law school in the nation. Consistently ranked among the top law schools, Virginia is a world-renowned training ground for distinguished lawyers and public servants, instilling in them a commitment to leadership, integrity and community service.


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Best answer: sarah bellum's translation is not quite correct the speaker of the poem is not the lover himself, but someone speaking to him. Includes a letter to sir john philipps bart fables, visions, emblems, &c adorned with copper-plates from the best masters harte, walter: mess volumes consisting of letters on various subjects, and of original poems, moral and facetious with an essay on the art of acting. John betjeman poems, quotes, articles, biography biography, quotes, examples of poetry, articles, essays and more the best john betjeman resource with comprehensive poet information, a list of poems a subalterns love song an edwardian sunday broomhill sheffield back from australia. Welcome to cie literature can you please mail me the sample essays for poetry song of ourselves as reply mr sir says: october 8, 2016 at 12:45 pm hi, mr sir your site has been the best site around for info on alevel poems and kudos to you and your writing. Looking for suckling, sir john find out information about suckling, sir john 1609-42, one of the and tracts, including the essay an account of religion by reason today he is best known for the poem ballad upon a wedding and the suckling, sir john sucklings sucklings sucklings.
One of sir john sucklings best poems song and how it is typical of the calvalier style of british literature. Poetry analysis worksheet: to sir john lade, on his coming of age by samuel johnson read the following poem slowly and carefully at least twice then answer the questions below to sir john lade, on his coming of age ('a short song of congratulation choose the best answer a. The best poems by john betjeman 10 great john betjeman poems everyone should read sir john betjeman (1906-1984) was uk poet laureate from 1972 until his death, and became one of britain's best-loved poets of the twentieth century. Start studying 17th century literature learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards what is the theme of sir john suckling's song in the poem song the attitude of the speaker toward his subject is. Beaurline, l a 'why so pale and wan': an essay in critical method in seventeenth-century english poetry: modern essays in criticism, edited by william r the best poems of the english language: from chaucer through which foot and meter are used in song by sir john suckling. Of the poem, and it is exemplified throughout the poem in the first stanza, the cohesiveness of content and form is best in litany written by billy collins, love poem by john frederick nims, song by better essays: slough by sir john betjeman.
He was the son of sir john sedley, 2nd baronet, of aylesford in kent poems edit his most famous song the poetical and dramatic works of sir charles sedley, ed vivian de sola pinto 2 vols (london, 1928 repr. The divine and moral songs of isaac watts: an essay thereon and a tentative list of editions is a compilation of poems for children after he completed his education, watts began to write hymns and also tutored the family of sir john hartopp at age 26, watts became a pastor. Please go to wwwcieliteraturecom sir john suckling why, so pale and wan, fond lover (what background info do you actually need to know about sir suckling and the poem) well, first of all, this is a song from a play suckling wrote if she doesn't like you at your best. 10 very short renaissance poems everyone should read oct 19 such as tichborne's elegy and the anonymous song 'weep you no more sad fountaines' sir john harington (1560-1612) is best-remembered as the inventor of the flush toilet. She was the subject of sir john sucklings risqu poem upon my the ode, the ballad, the elegy, and satire, parody, song, and lyric poetry would be to do so, he shortened his line length to 35, henry carey was one of the best at satirizing these poems, and his namby pamby became a. There his tutor was the poet walter pope the second surviving son of sir john sedley and elizabeth sir charles sedley's the mulberry-garden (1702) the tyrant king of crete (1702) all the above are dramatic his complete works, including his plays, poems, songs.
Compare and contrast donne's a valediction: forbidding mourning essay donne's a valediction: forbidding mourning and marvell's to his coy mistress are identical and contradictory in many john donne's love poems sir john sucklings best poems song your. John dryden (/ d r a d n / 19 august [os 9 august] 1631 - 12 may [os 1 may] 1700) was an english poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who was made england's first poet laureate in 1668.
On my first son - farewell, thou child of my richard lovelace, sir john suckling, james howell, and if no other misery, yet age rest in soft peace, and, ask'd, say here doth lie ben jonson his best piece of poetry for whose sake, henceforth, all his vows be such, as what he. Sir john suckling (1609-1642) is most rejecting all aspect of petrarchanism suckling poses the argument: if doing your best can't get her markel, michael hjohn suckling's semi-serious love poetry essays in literature, vol iv, no 2, fall, 1977. Sir john suckling poetry foundation on prezi, song sir john suckling analysis literary devices repetition: the speaker sir john suckling suckling, sir john essay enotescom, while many of the details of suckling's life are unclear. What sudden blaze of song the christmas poems of john keble both for the english and latin essays it is somewhat remarkable that amid this sir john coleridge, and by dean stanley in his life of dr arnold.

domain: artistic


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The 3-star Sritrakul Place offers comfort and convenience whether you're on business or holiday in Pattaya. The hotel offers guests a range of services and amenities designed to provide comfort and convenience. All the necessary facilities including free Wi-Fi in all rooms 24-hour front desk Wi-Fi in public areas car park restaurant are at hand. Comfortable guestrooms ensure a good night's sleep with some rooms featuring facilities such as television LCD/plasma screen internet access – wireless (complimentary) air conditioning desk balcony/terrace. Entertain the hotel's recreational facilities including garden. Discover all Pattaya has to offer by making Sritrakul Place your base.
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domain: travel


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Did you know?
- 42 flights per week fly out of Milan connecting to Marrakech.
- Air Maroc has 1 nonstop flights between Milan and Marrakech.
- The shortest connecting flight from Milan to Marrakech is 3322 km on KLM.
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- The shortest nonstop flight from Milan to Marrakech is 2123 km on Atlas Blue.
Hotels in Marrakech
Traveling on the route and need hotel in Marrakech? Choose from more than 45,000 hotels.

domain: geography


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Nick DeRiso is UCR's assistant managing editor. He was named columnist of the year five times by the Associated Press, Louisiana Press Association and Louisiana Sports Writers Association during a lengthy career in the newspaper industry, and previously oversaw a daily section that was named Top 10 in the nation by the AP.
Bill Withers Dies of ‘Heart Complications’ at 81
Singer-songwriter scored a string of ageless '70s-era hits, including "Lean on Me," "Use Me" and "Ain't No Sunshine."
Steve Perry Sided With Ousted Rhythm Section in Journey Dispute
Ross Valory and Steve Smith were fired this week after the band said they attempted a "coup."
Motley Crue to Reunite for Tour With Def Leppard, Poison: Report
Band members have stoked rumors of impending dates by retweeting a fan request that they return to the road.
Doobie Brothers, Judas Priest, Soundgarden Lead New Rock Hall Nominations
The 35th annual induction ceremony will be held May 2, 2020 at Public Auditorium in Cleveland, Ohio.
Steve Perry’s Amazing Comeback: One Year Later
The former Journey frontman's 2018 return was as surprising as it was successful.
Grateful Dead Lyricist Robert Hunter Dies at 78
He also wrote songs with Elvis Costello, Bruce Hornsby and – perhaps most famously – Bob Dylan.
Bruce Springsteen Sets Dates for ‘Western Skies’ Film Screenings
He confirmed early on that he wasn't scheduling tour dates.
George Harrison Would Have Gotten More Songs on Next Beatles LP
They discussed radically shifting the band's approach on a potential follow-up to 'Abbey Road.'
Ringo Starr Confirms Box Set Reissue of Beatles ‘Abbey Road’
They have already remastered and expanded 1967's 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band' and 1968's self-titled 'White Album.'
Art Neville, Early Funk Pioneer, Dies at 81
Co-founder of the Meters and then the Neville Brothers had several notable rock connections.

domain: news


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Slowly but surely, President Obama's plan for radically shifting our economy from a private sector-led enterprise to a public-led state is beginning to take shape. Because the President is eloquent and confident, the exact message he is delivering often seems obscured by his skill in delivering it.
Slowly but surely, President Obama’s plan for radically shifting our economy from a private sector-led enterprise to a public-led state is beginning to take shape. Because the President is eloquent and confident, the exact message he is delivering often seems obscured by his skill in delivering it. The result, as I see it, is a headlong shift away from the values that most Americans share. With the bailout package and with the President’s just-released budget plan, we’re moving rapidly in the direction of economic policies that were an epic failure the first time they were trotted out.
Though the President’s approval rating is high—60% in a recent Wall Street Journal/NBC poll—a majority of 49 economic leaders are “dissatisfied” with the administration’s economic policies, according to an article in the March 12 edition of the Journal. Nearly half of the respondents gave the President a failing grade. Among other concerns, the economists cited delays in enacting key parts of the bank bailout provisions and an overall level of vagueness in the administration’s policies.
Investors have seen the writing on this wall, and so far the verdict has been mixed, with new lows for all the major stock indices until the most recent bear-market rally. The editorial in Tuesday’s Journal opened with the sobering thought that recent deal-making in the pharmaceutical industry, most recently in the form of the normally hesitant-to-deal Merck’s joining forces with Schering-Plough—isn’t a sign of “creative destruction,” which typically happens prior to a period of market growth. Rather, the editors wrote, “More likely it is the industry’s way of anticipating, and building insurance against, the coming era of government-run healthcare.”
The coming era of government-run healthcare. It’s a frightening combination of words, to pair the inefficiency of government with the complexity of healthcare. As a brief example, let’s take a closer look at one of the claims from President Obama’s recent healthcare summit in Washington. According to an article in the Journal, “the flagship proposal presented by the President at this gathering was the national adoption of electronic medial records—a computer-based system that would contain every patient’s clinical history, laboratory results, and treatments. This, he said, would save some $80 billion a year, safeguard against medical errors, reduce malpractice lawsuits, and greatly facilitate both preventive care and ongoing therapy of the chronically ill.”
Sounds great, except that the co-authors of the article, Jerome Groopman, MD, and Pamela Hartzbrand, MD, say those savings are a mirage. Though they tout the benefits of EMRs, the physicians question the study on which the President is basing that $80 billion number: “The basis for the president's proposal is a theoretical study published in 2005 by the RAND Corporation, funded by companies including Hewlett-Packard and Xerox that stand to financially benefit from such an electronic system. And, as the RAND policy analysts readily admit in their report, there was no compelling evidence at the time to support their theoretical claims. Moreover, in the four years since the report, considerable data have been obtained that undermine their claims.”
This is one of many examples where the distance between the rhetoric and the facts is wide. Later in their article, which is a must-read for physicians, Drs. Groopman and Hartzman close the article with the following passage:
“We both voted for President Obama, in part because of his pragmatic approach to problems, belief in empirical data, and openness to changing his mind when those data contradict his initial approach to a problem. We need the president to apply real scientific rigor to fix our health-care system rather than rely on elegant exercises in wishful thinking.”
While many are dancing to the music, it seems like too few are listening to the words of the song. But the words are what matter. Long after the music has stopped, the words will be translated into policy, and the policy into governance.
The $80 billion savings President Obama is touting is little more than a red herring. The real motivation driving the shift in EMR policy is to set the stage for the inevitable attempt at universal healthcare. Such a shift would introduce massive new inefficiencies into an already flawed system, and would be detrimental to physicians’ inability to treat patients as individuals, rather than as a class of disease-sufferers.
The more the public learns about the President and his policies, the more they may come to question such “elegant exercises in wishful thinking.” As a concerned public (and, for you as a physician who will be impacted by changes to healthcare policy), it is our responsibility to question the “facts” as they’ve been presented to us. In many cases already, the facts are not facts at all.
Mike Hennessy is Chairman and CEO of MJH & Associates. Click here for more Hennessy's Highlights


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Staump Music School, SanteeDescription An introductory group class that will teach students note reading, scales, music theory, and piano technique...
Del Mar concerts in december events
Thursday, Sep 11 6:30p
Don't Miss This
$16 Spring/Summer Blue Whale Watching Cruise Special
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domain: entertainment


Athearn N 40' Pfaudler Milk Car, NEC #785
In the 1920's, the Pfaudler Company and General American Car Company manufactured hundreds of wood sheathed, insulated milk cars. Designed as bulk milk carriers, the cars were built around two 6,000 gallon glass lined tanks and a brine cooling system designed to keep the milk at a constant 38 degrees Fahrenheit. Riding on passenger car trucks, these unique cars were often painted Pullman green to match the passenger cars of the era. The special purpose Pfaudler Cars hauled bulk milk shipments well into the 1950's.
This product was added to our catalog on September 30, 2016


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By FutureLaw Desk
The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh unanimously declared the 16th amendment of the constitution as illegal by dismissing the appeal of the government. A seven-member apex court bench led by Chief Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha passed the order today at around 10.35 am.
On June 1, the apex court concluded hearing on the state appeal against High Court verdict that had declared illegal the 16th amendment to the constitution, which had empowered parliament to remove judges for incapacity of misbehavior. Earlier on February 8, 2017, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court appointed 12 senior jurists as amicus curiae to give their opinions during the hearing on state appeal.
The 12 amici curiae were – Dr Kamal Hossain, Justice (rtd) TH Khan, Barrister Amirul Islam, Barrister AF Hasan Arif, Barrister Ajmalul Hossain, Barrister Rafiqul Haque, Barrister Shafique Ahmed, Advocate Abdul Wadud Bhuiyan, Barrister Rokonuddin Mahmud, Barrister M I Farooqui, Advocate AJ Mohammad Ali and Barrister Fida M Kamal.
Of the twelve, ten amici curiae submitted their views, nine opposed the 16th amendment, while only one supported it.
Background of the case
The parliament passed the 16th amendment of the constitution in September 17, 2014 without any opposition which repealed the provision of the Supreme Judicial Council (SJC), which was the constitutionally empowered body for probing allegations against judges of the Supreme Court and recommending removal.
the SJC comprising the chief justice and two senior judges of the Appellate Division investigates allegations of misconduct against any SC judge, and makes necessary recommendations to the president for the next course of action
The original constitution of 1972 had empowered parliament to remove SC judges. But the fourth amendment to the constitution in January 1975 bestowed the authority on the president by abolishing the parliament’s power.
In February 2010, the Supreme Court upheld the 2005 HC verdict declaring the fifth amendment illegal and void, and said the SJC system would be valid till December 31, 2011. Around six months before the provision on the SJC was to expire, the AL-led government included it in the 15th amendment to the constitution, allowing the SJC to continue.
The Case in High Court Division
The High Court on August 11, 2016, released the full text of 165-page verdict that declared illegal and unconstitutional the 16th amendment to the constitution, which had allowed the parliament to remove Supreme Court judges on grounds of incapacity or misconduct. Please find the full judgment of the HCD below.
During the hearings, the Attorney General argued that the Constitution’s formulators had kept Section 96 since the beginning. Martial law authority illegally usurped power meanwhile. They distorted the Constitution by adding the provision of the Supreme Judicial Council. Through the 16th Amendment we have returned to the root of the Constitution.
However, advocate Manzill Murshid, who had challenged the amendment along with eight others, said the power to impeach judges was given to the parliament as no one had past experience in the matter when the Constitution was formulated immediately after independence. Later, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman himself brought changes through the Fourth Amendment.
See the full verdict of HCD attached herewith.[gview file=”http://futrlaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/783957_WP9989of2014.pdf”]


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Recombinant Human IGF1, Tag Free
In vitro transcription of capped mRNA with modified nucleotides and Poly(A) tail
Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)
TSA (Tyramide Signal Amplification), used for signal amplification of ISH, IHC and IC etc.
Phos Binding Reagent Acrylamide
Separation of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins without phospho-specific antibody
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8)
A convenient and sensitive way for cell proliferation assay and cytotoxicity assay
SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain
Safe and sensitive stain for visualization of DNA or RNA in agarose or acrylamide gels.
Protect the integrity of proteins from multiple proteases and phosphatases for different applications.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a polypeptide endocrine hormone structurally similar to insulin and is mainly produced in the liver when stimulated by growth hormone. IGF-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of various cell types including muscle, bone, and cartilage tissue. IGF-1 binds and interacts with the IGF-1 binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGF-1 binds to the IGF-1 receptor with a higher affinity than the insulin receptor.
Human IGF-I is synthesized as two precursor isoforms with N- and alternate C-terminal propeptides, which are proteolyzed to produce the identical 7.6 kDa mature IGF-I. Mature human IGF I shares 94% and 96% aa sequence identity with mouse IGF1 and rat IGF1, respectively, and exhibits cross species activity. Human IGF-1 is a 7.6 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues. The recombinant human IGF-1 was produced using animal origin free technology.
1. Zhao Y, Wang Q, et al. "Glutamine protects against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in parkinsonian cell model." Environ Health Prev Med. 2019 Jan 5;24(1):4.
|Synonym||IGF1A, Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Somatomedin C, IGF-I, IGFI, IGF1, IGF-IA, Mechano growth factor, MGF.|
|Bio Activity||Determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of murine CTLL-2 cells:
ED50：< 0.1 ng/mL
Specific activity: > 1x107units/mg.
Quality Control & MSDS
- View current batch:
Purity ≥ 95%, by SDS-PAGE and HPLC.
Endotoxin Level: < 0.1 ng/μg
Components and Storage
|Formulation||The protein is dissolved in PBS buffer.|
This product is stable after storage at:
4°C for 1 week;
-20°C for 3 months.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

domain: chemistry


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What To Qualify For Ssd Benefits With Parkinson’s
Currently, the Social Security Administration is in the process of holding hearings to consider whether Parkinsons disease should qualify a Social Security Disability applicant for a compassionate allowance.
When a condition is given compassionate allowance standard, those who are diagnosed with the condition automatically qualify for Social Security disability benefits and usually begin collecting Social Security Disability benefit payments much sooner.
Until then, however, those with Parkinsons, like people with any other disability, must demonstrate conclusively that their condition hinders them from performing any kind of work which they have performed in the past 15 years or for which they could reasonably be trained.
In most cases, proving that you cannot be expected to train for new kinds of employment is not difficult with Parkinsons. However, proving that you are incapable of continuing to perform work which you have previously performed might be, depending on what kinds of work you have done.
It is generally a good idea for anyone applying for Social Security Disability benefits to consult and obtain representation by a qualified Social Security Disability lawyer. Its especially important for those with conditions like Parkinsons disease which can affect a persons cognitive ability and ability to speak.
What Are Disability Benefits For Parkinson Disease
Social Security Disability Insurance is a benefit program administered by the government through the Social Security Administration . It offers monthly payments to qualified workers with a disability that prevents gainful employment. To receive these insurance benefits, you must meet the governments strict rules and stipulations.
How Available And/or Useful Is The Information On The Motability Scheme
23. The Motability website is easy to navigate and offers functionality to live chat if there are questions. They have accessible ways to get in touch by phone, minicom and textphone with queries. Also, Motability also offer sign language interpretation. It is positive that they offer these options to ensure they meet the diverse needs of the client base, as not everyone is online.
24. We believe that the Motability scheme is referred to in the award letter, if someone has been successful. But wonder if any further information is provided as people may miss this useful information in the award letter.
Cck Understands Parkinsons Disability Claims
We understand the effects that Parkinsons Disease can have on you over time, both physically and cognitively. The cognitive symptoms of PD may make it difficult for you to concentrate or juggle multiple responsibilities at once. Physical symptoms can impede your ability to perform everyday tasks, such as getting dressed, physically attending work reliably and traveling.
Your insurer may not fully comprehend the strain you face by remaining in the workforce. They may not understand how you have worked with PD in the past, but are now rendered unable to do so due to the diseases progression. ;At CCK, we have experience helping professionals who have pushed through their symptoms for years, but simply can no longer perform at the capacity required to remain in the workforce.
Free Case Evaluation For People With Parkinson’s Disease
All too often, claimants are denied Social Security benefits based on missing, inaccurate, or incomplete paperwork. As a result, the applicant must then begin on the arduous disability appeal process. Unfortunately, the this process is long and slow, resulting in excruciating delays.
A Social Security Disability lawyer can make sure you have the documents you need the first time, saving you the hassle and the delay of a lengthy disability appeal process.
To speak with a qualified Social Security Attorney about your chances of getting Social Security benefits, request a free disability evaluation today.
Don’t Miss: Parkinson Ribbon Color
This Seems Confusing; How Can I Get Help With My Ssd Application
Its easy to get overwhelmed by all the government rules for Social Security Disability application approval. The most important thing you need to remember is that it comes down to evidence. The more documentation you have from doctors reports, medical records, pharmacy records, etc., the better your chances of receiving SSDI payments.
Gathering everything you need and filling out the application might seem like too much on top of adjusting to your symptoms. It can be helpful to have a Disability lawyer for Parkinson Disease cases by your side. The Disability Help Group in Arizona offers assistance with Social Security Disability Applications, Social Security Disability Appeals, and Social Security Disability Hearings with an administrative law judge . Let us help you gather and organize the needed information.
Our Social Security attorneys walk you through each step of the process and make sure you meet every deadline. Applying for Disability benefits for Parkinson Disease becomes a lot less stressful when youre working with an expert. Contact our legal team in Phoenix, Mesa, or Tucson today at 939-4692 or submit our online form to receive a free consultation. Youll only pay for our services if you win your claim.
Can You Get Ssi Or Ssdi With Parkinsons Disease
When making disability determinations, SSA medical examiners refer to a massive document called the Listing of Impairments, or Blue Book, which describes medical standards for hundreds of different conditions and illnesses. ;The;Listing is divided into 14 sections by body system affected, with each section further broken down by specific disability. ;The Listing refers to;Parkinsons Disease as Parkinsonian Syndrome, which can be located under Section 11.00 at 11.06.
While many disability listings;in the Blue Book are notoriously detailed and packed with;medical jargon, the description for Parkinsons is fairly straightforward. ;In order to qualify based on Blue Book standards, claimants citing Parkinsons Disease should exhibit the following:
Significant rigidity, bradykinesia, or tremor in two extremities, which, singly or in combination, result in sustained disturbance of gross and dexterous movements, or gait and station.
Translated into simpler terms, this means you should have significant stiffness, trembling, or slow movements in at least two of your limbs. ;This stiffness, trembling, or slow movement should continually interfere with your ability to use your hands, or with your ability to walk and move about with ease.
Recommended Reading: What Is The Life Expectancy Of Someone With Parkinson’s Disease
Can You Get Disability For Parkinsons Disease
Parkinsons disease, also known as idiopathic Parkinsonism or primary Parkinsonism is a type of progressive degenerative disorder affecting the CNS i.e., central nervous system of humans. This Parkinsons disease problem takes place because of death of specific cells containing a neurotransmitter called dopamine within the middle part of the human brain.
Tremor is the common and an early symptom of the Parkinsons disease that usually starts in a particular hand and usually takes place when a person keeps his hand at the rest condition. Pill rolling is a distinctive characteristic associated with the tremor. It is a circular motion, in which tip of a persons thumb meets at the end of his index finger.
Another typical feature present in Parkinsons disease is that symptoms of the problem usually start at a particular side of human body with sides symptoms consistently possessing a huge severity as compared to those present on other side. Other motor symptoms related to Parkinsons disease are-
Bradykinesia: Slowness in body movement or Bradykinesia that usually starts affecting fine motor skills, like buttoning, writing and clothing and similar others and worsens to various gross motor skills, like walking and running with the progression of the problem.
Rigidity: Rigidity present in the limbs because of excessive muscular contractions.
Is The Decision Not To Use The Scheme Related To A Preference For Using Public Transport Or Is It Due To Other Factors
10. Under 10% of people with Parkinsons are eligible to apply for the Motability scheme currently. We believe that low income and poverty is a factor in people not leasing a Motability vehicle. If someone with Parkinsons is on the enhanced rate of PIP at £245 every 4 weeks and possibly on Universal Credit or Employment and Support Allowance at £73.10 per week, then their household income may not enable them to take advantage of the scheme. A Motability car might not be the priority, whereas paying utility bills and medication costs are likely to be prioritised above this expenditure.
11. Research conducted by Sheffield Hallam University showed that the additional cost of Parkinsons on a household is around £16,582 per year. This includes health and social care costs, potential loss of income from reduced hours or retirement. This additional cost of living with the condition shows that household income for those with the condition is squeezed. So while mobility is an important element to maintaining wellbeing, participating in the Motability scheme may not be viable due to the cost.
12. Also, some people with Parkinsons cannot drive, have had their licence removed or dont have someone who is able to drive them, so the Motability scheme isnt that useful for them.
Also Check: Parkinson’s Cannabis Oil
What Is The Impact On Daily Life For A Person With Parkinsons
The effect of Parkinsons Disease on ones ability to work varies from case to case. Some people may experience rapid progression of symptoms, while others experience a slower progression.; Some jobs may be more physically or mentally demanding than others. Individuals experiencing the cognitive symptoms of PD who work in fast-paced jobs may find it challenging to concentrate or manage multiple projects.
Your PD symptoms are unique to your diseases course. ;You and your doctor can determine if your symptoms and/or side effects from medication inhibit your ability to continue working.
Can I Get Veterans Disability Compensation For Parkinsons Disease
Ifyou are a veteran with Parkinsons disease, you may qualify for veterans disability compensation. The key is showing that your condition was caused or made worse by your military service. There are several ways your Parkinsons disease may be service related. If you served in certain areas, the VA may even presume that your condition is service related. For example, most veterans who served on the ground in Vietnam or on ships in the coastal waters, benefit from the presumption that exposure to Agent Orange has caused their Parkinsons, along with many other conditions potentially caused by exposure.
Evenif you do not fall within one of the VAs presumptions for Parksinsons disease, you may still be eligible for compensation. Any significant exposure to chemicals, or even a traumatic brain injury occurring during your militaryservice could have caused your condition. And if your veterans disability claim gets denied, the veterans benefits lawyers of Jackson & MacNichol can help you fight back against the VA. For more information about disability claims appeals, call us today at 1 524-3339 for a free consultation.
Read Also: Can A Person Die From Parkinson’s Disease
What Benefits Can You Claim If You Have Parkinsons
; There are a couple of benefits you can claim if you have Parkinsons, which are SSDI benefits and Medicare. The first being Social Security Disability Insurance or SSDI.
SSDI benefits are one of the two programs that the Social Security Administration offers and it is for those who at one point were able to work, but can no longer work for at least 12 months because of a disability or a severe ailment like Parkinsons Disease.
In order to qualify for SSDI benefits, you need to be deemed disabled by the SSA and you need to have a sufficient amount of work credits.
Work credits are calculated by your age and how long you have worked. If you are SSDI benefits, under certain conditions, your family members like children under the age of 18 or your spouse.
; The other benefit that you can claim if you have Parkinsons is Medicare. Medicare is a federal program for those with disabilities and for people 65 and over.
If you qualify for SSDI benefits with Parkinsons, you will also qualify for Medicare as well.;You automatically get Medicare Part A and Part B after you get one of these:
- Disability benefits from Social Security for 24 months
- Certain disability benefits from the RRB for 24 months
The Importance Of The Blue Book Listing
The Social Security s Blue Book is a medical guide, indicating the criteria required to qualify for SSDI benefits.
As a neurological disorder, Parkinsons disease can be found in a list in section 11.06 of the Blue Book. The requirements to qualify include providing a significant amount of evidence that shows the onset of Parkinsons disease presents significant challenges to the victim in relation to mobility.
Recommended Reading: Is Parkinson’s Terminal
Ssdi And Parkinsons Disease
The SSA may not award SSDI benefits based on your Parkinsons disease diagnosis alone.; In fact, many are able to work for a long time after receiving a diagnosis.; Thus, if you are filing a claim, it is important that you provide medical evidence that your Parkinsons disease symptoms are of a level of severity that prevent you from working.; Even if you are still working and not ready to make a claim, be sure that your doctors are documenting your symptoms in your medical records.; If your symptoms progress to the point of disability, having the symptom progression documented in the medical records can help you prove your claim and explain what changed over time to render you disabled.
The SSA publishes the Blue Book;online, which explains the SSAs disability determination process and the listing of impairments that it will consider when making a disability determination.; The SSAs listing for Parkinsons disease is found in the Blue Book at 11.06;Parkinsonian syndrome.; To meet listing 11.06, despite adherence to prescribed treatment for at least three consecutive months , you must;have:
A. Disorganization of motor function in two extremities , resulting in an extreme limitation in the ability to stand up from a seated position, balance while standing or walking, or use the upper extremities.
B. Marked limitation in physical functioning , and in one of the following:
You May Need The Assistance Of A Veterans Disability Lawyer
Even if you do everything right in your veterans disability compensation claim, the VA may still deny your claim. Or they may not give you the disability rating that you deserve. At this point, you should seek a lawyer to assist you with the appeals process. At Jackson & MacNichol, we will stand by your side and advocate forcefully for the right outcome at every step of the appeals process. You have only one year to appeal the VA disability claim decision, so call us now at 1 524-3339 for your free consultation.
Recommended Reading: Is Parkinson’s An Autoimmune Disease
Can I Get Social Security Disability For Parkinsons Disease
Disability claims based on Parkinsons disease depend on the impact the disease has on your ability to walk and to use your hands
Does Social Security consider Parkinsons disease to be disabling?
How exactly does Social Security evaluate a disability claim based on Parkinsons disease?
Step 1: Non-Medical CriteriaStep 2: Severe ImpairmentStep 3: Medical ListingsStep 4: Past WorkStep 5: Other Work
How Does Participation/non
19. Participation in the Motability scheme gives an individual with Parkinsons much more independence and flexibility over their lives, especially if they live in a rural area where public transport is limited. However, it is an expensive scheme so participation must be weighed up alongside other household costs.
Recommended Reading: Can Parkinson’s Run In The Family
How Can The Nba Help
Having assisted thousands of Canadians in successfully claiming disability credits, The National Benefit Authority is Canadas largest disability tax service provider. Our experts can help determine your Disability Tax Credit eligibility, and walk you through your Canadian Disability Tax Credit application. Disability Tax Credit amounts vary on a case-by-case basis, but can be upwards of $50,000 per application!
Parkinsons is a disorder that needs constant attention due to its progressive nature time spent sifting through paperwork and research can be left to someone else. We can guide you through every step towards recovering your Parkinsons disease disability benefits, ensuring you and your family finds the support you need.
Symptoms Of Parkinson’s Disease And Parkinsonian Syndrome
Parkinson’s disease starts with minor symptoms but progressively gets worse over a period of years. In the later stages of PD, dementia becomes an additional problem as the degenerative process caused by alpha-synuclein spreads throughout the brain.
The signs and symptoms associated with PD are collectively known as Parkinsonian syndrome . Most cases of PS are caused by classic Parkinson’s disease, but there are other disorders that can result in the same signs and symptoms. Examples of these PS cases include brain disorders caused by strokes, brain trauma, drugs, toxins, brain infections, and brain tumors. Most cases of PS are not reversible.
Don’t Miss: What Color Represents Parkinson’s Disease
How Do I Qualify For Ssdi With Parkinsons Disease
The SSA might not approve your SSDI application for your Parkinsons Disease diagnosis alone. Many people continue working for years after receiving the news. To win your claim, you need to provide medication documentation as evidence that your symptoms are severe and prevent you from working. Its a good idea to have your doctor record your symptoms as they progress, so you have documentation if your disease renders you disabled.
The SSA requires Disability applicants to meet the qualifications laid out in your disease listing in their Blue Book. Parkinson patients must meet the following requirements to qualify for SSDI payments:
- Loss of motor function in two extremities that severely limit the ability to use the upper extremities, stand from a seated position, or balance while walking or standing
Or marked physical function limitations combined with one of the following:
- Remembering, understanding, or applying information
- Persisting, concentrating, or maintaining pace
- Interacting with others
- Managing oneself or adapting to change

domain: law


text:
By Adam Wolf
To listen to an audio podcast, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to download and subscribe to podcasts.
Pathways is dedicated to telling the stories of some of our heroes for the french horn. From starting on the instrument, all the way up to the highest levels of our field, we all have one very important thing in common, and that's we all play the horn. What else do we have in common? Listen to find out!
||CleanEpisode #21: Amy Jo Rhine||This month Adam talks to 3rd horn of the L.A. Philharmonic, Amy Jo Rhine. They discuss her career up to this point, what it's like sitting next to your husband every day, and balancing the multi-faceted career of a modern horn player.||2/6/2019||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #20: College Prep for Musicians||In this episode host Adam Wolf speaks with Annie Bosler, Don Greene, and Kathleen Tesar, the authors of the new book College Prep for Musicians. Wolf and the authors discuss their paths that lead to their careers, and how that lead them to write a...||1/2/2019||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #19: Mid-South Featured Artists||In this episode, Adam sits down with Eli Epstein, Jeff Stockham, and Alex Shuhan during the Mid-South Horn Workshop. Each of these talks are brief, but discuss the topics that make each of these three wonderful people and players so unique.||11/17/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #18: Horns of LACO||In this episode host Adam Wolf sits down with the horn section of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, Michael Thornton and Kristy Morrell. They discuss their careers as orchestral players, teachers and Kristy's freelance life.||9/29/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #17: Natalie Douglass||In this episode, host Adam Wolf sits down with pedagogy guru Natalie Douglass. They discuss her recent masterclass tour in January of 2018, as well as NAMM, her teachings, her studies, Fulbright Scholar, ear training and much more!||8/14/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #16: Leelanee Sterrett||In this episode, we hear from 3rd horn, and acting associate principal horn of the New York Philharmonic, Leelanee Sterrett. Leelanee discusses her beginnings on the horn, all the way up to today. Pathways is hosted by Adam Wolf, and sponsored...||6/18/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #15: Seattle Symphony Horns LIVE||In this episode, host Adam Wolf has a casual discussion with the horns of the Seattle Symphony in a LIVE recording at the Northwest Horn Symposium. We discuss stories from their careers individually, and as a section, and seem to never stop laughing....||5/29/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #14: Randy Gardner||In this episode host Adam Wolf sits down on two separate occasions with living legend, Randy Gardner. They discuss is career in the Philadelphia Orchestra, and at Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, as well as his philosophies and of course, the Cubs...||4/27/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #13: Dylan Hart||On this episode host Adam Wolf sits down with studio horn player, Dylan Hart. Dylan is on track to become one of the legends of Hollywood horns, and in this extra long episode you hear why. Dylan discusses sessions, teaching, studying with some of the..||3/14/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #12: Steve Cohen||In this episode, host Adam Wolf speaks with New York hornist, Steve Cohen. They discuss his schooling and career up to this point, the horn convention circuit, and his new album coming out the summer of 2018 featuring FIVE new commissions!!!||2/12/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode #11: Robert Perlick-Molinari||In this episode, host Adam Wolf hangs out in a rental car, on top of a mountain, in West LA, with Robert Perlick-Molinari of French Horn Rebellion. We discuss his beginnings to horn, insight into his side of the music industry, samples of tracks, and...||1/15/2018||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode 10: Marty Hackleman||In this episode of Pathways, host Adam Wolf meets with horn legend Marty Hackleman. They discuss his time in the Vancouver Symphony, National Symphony, Toronto Symphony, Canadian Brass and Empire Brass. He also shares his thoughts and strategies as a...||12/7/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #9: Allen Fogle||This episode of Pathways is dedicated to an amazing freelancer here in La La Land, Allen Fogle. Allen and host Adam Wolf discuss freelancing in LA, his start on horn, college at Eastman, USC, and attending Kendall Betts camp.||11/18/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #8: Michelle Baker and Barbara Jostlein Currie||On this episode of Pathways, host Adam Wolf talks to recently retired 2nd horn of The Met Orchestra Michelle Baker, and current 4th horn of The Met, and acting 2nd horn of San Diego Symphony Barbara Jostlein Currie. They talk about The Met, symphonic...||10/15/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #7: James Thatcher||Host Adam Wolf is joined by legendary studio hornist James Thatcher. Thatcher has recorded on over 3,000 movies, as well as hundreds of T.V. shows, albums, commercials, and various other recording work.||9/18/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode #6: Lanette Compton||Host Adam Wolf speaks with horn professor at OSU, and 4th horn in Tulsa. We discuss how she developed their studio into one of the fastest growing in both size and quality in the country.||8/18/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode #5: Brett Hodge||A Staggering career in his mid 20's, we discuss Brett Hodge's current positions as principal horn of the Omaha Symphony and third horn of the Grand Park Orchestra. Looking ahead and meet Sadie the dog.||7/17/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode #4: Chris Castellanos and Sam Pilafian||Chris Castellanos, Boston Brass, talks about jazz, the Las Vegas scene, and being active in the construction of your own career. Special guest appearance by Sam Pilafian, tuba, who shares wisdom over the course of his famed career. Pathways is hosted...||6/16/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||ExplicitEpisode #3: Danielle Kuhlmann||On this episode of Pathways, host Adam Wolf talks with Danielle Kuhlmann about growing up in Seattle, school in New York and Texas, the San Diego Symphony, and Genghis Barbie! Pathways is hosted by Adam Wolf, produced by Siegfried's Call, Inc.||5/15/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #2: Roger Kaza||principal horn of St. Louis Symphony||4/14/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
||CleanEpisode #1: Bernhard Scully||In the inaugural episode of Pathways, host Adam Wolf talks with horn player of the famed Canadian Brass Bernhard Scully. They talk about routine, Canadian Brass, Kendall Betts, Gunther Schuller, and more! Pathways is hosted by Adam Wolf, produced by...||4/14/2017||Free||View in iTunes|
A promising first episode- can't wait for more! Bernhard Scully talks with great insight about Canadian Brass, Gunther Schuller, Kendall Betts.
A growing reference for French Horn Players
Adam has created a wonderful platform for our horn heroes to communicate their stories. I can't wait to listen to the next episode.
All Horn Players Should Subscribe!
This is an awesome podcast for horn players of all levels and ages. Adam is a great host that asks our favorite horn performers great questions about their story. Excited to hear more episodes!


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Season 5, Episode 15 Ardal O'Hanlon
First Aired: October 8, 2001
Stand-up comedy from Ardal O'Hanlon.
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: December 1, 1998
- Rating: TV-14
- Premise: A showcase for stand-up comics. The series debuted with Wanda Sykes performing at the Palace Theater in Los Angeles. (more)


text:
Two years of Taliban rule: documenting human rights abuses using open source
Report by Afghan Witness details more than 3,000 claims of human rights violations in Afghanistan under Taliban rule
15 Aug 2023
Cover image: Canva.
A PDF version of the full report is available at the bottom of the page.
When the Taliban assumed power in Afghanistan in August 2021, the group’s leadership sent a message to international governments: this time would be different. Women’s rights would be respected, security assured, and a general amnesty granted to all who had fought against the group or worked for the former government. These were the messages Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid delivered in a speech just days after the group seized Kabul.
“We have pardoned anyone, all those who had fought against us,” Mujahid announced during the Taliban’s first press conference following the takeover. He added that “Security has been assured”, and promised that women’s rights would be respected “within the framework of Sharia”. When asked about press freedom, Mujahid replied that the Taliban “are committed to media within our cultural frameworks”, and that private media can “continue to be free and independent.”
Since October 2021, Afghan Witness (AW) has been using open source data collection and analysis techniques to collect, preserve and verify user-generated content and media reports emerging from Afghanistan. This report aims to provide an overview of the project’s monitoring across four categories: human rights violations (HRVs) and abuses related to right to life, torture and liberty; the rights of women and girls; violations against vulnerable and marginalised groups, and the freedom of civil society and the media to operate. Data the project has collected and analysed over the last two years paints a very different picture to the promises made in the initial days of the Taliban takeover.
Throughout the last two years, there has been a steady stream of reports of human rights abuses. As well as widespread reports of killings, detentions and torture there are continuing reports of reprisals targeted at former Afghan defence and security forces (ANDSF), as well as arrests of civil society activists and journalists. In October 2022, the Taliban also announced the return of public punishments in Afghanistan, resulting in frequent lashings, as well as two executions, issued by the Taliban-led Supreme Court. Restrictions on women’s rights have gradually worsened throughout the last two years: after an initial period of uncertainty and a degree of flexibility at local levels, the Taliban have introduced nationwide edicts targeting women’s dress, ability to work, access to education and freedom of movement. Hundreds of reports of women being violently killed by Taliban, family members, or unknown actors have also surfaced.
AW has recorded 3,329 reports of human rights abuses since January 15, 2022 relating to infringements of the right to life, right to freedom from torture, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, women’s rights and more.
There has been a steady reporting of the killing and detention of former ANDSF members. Since January 2022, AW has recorded 112 claims of killings and 130 detentions – likely an undercount, given the high number of cases where the victims and perpetrators are unidentified.
AW has recorded 56 announcements by the Taliban-led Supreme Court issuing punishments in public to more than 350 individuals, predominantly for ‘moral’ crimes such as having an illicit relationship, sodomy and adultery.
Despite wide-ranging and increasing suppression of resistance to Taliban rule, AW has verified nearly 70 women-led street demonstrations since the first one in August 2021, in large part protesting increasing restrictions on girls’ and women’s access to education and work. Between March 1, 2023 and June 27, 2023, AW recorded and analysed 95 separate women’s protests, including 84 indoor protests and 11 street demonstrations across 12 provinces in Afghanistan.
Between January 15, 2022 and July 20, 2023, AW recorded 188 cases of women being killed by a range of actors, including family members, unknown perpetrators, and in some instances, alleged Taliban members.
Afghanistan has seen the gradual erosion of space for independent media and civil society. AW has recorded 67 reports of civil society activists and protesters being arrested between January 15, 2022 and July 20, 2023.
During the same period, AW recorded 98 reports of journalists, photographers and media commentators being detained by the Taliban across Afghanistan.
Afghanistan has seen numerous attacks by Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISKP) on Hazara and Shia communities since 2016. These continued during the Taliban’s first year of rule, with mosques, schools and religious celebrations targeted. Across the two year period, AW records show that ISKP have claimed 29 attacks on Hazaras and Shias, resulting in the deaths of 193 people and 454 injured since August 2021, according to media reports.
Differing trends in first and second year of rule
Based on AW’s open source monitoring, there have been some differences in trends in the first and second years of Taliban rule. The first year saw the group clamp down on dissent, with the reported arrests of women’s rights activists, journalists and protesters. The Taliban issued a series of restrictions on the media which, coupled with economic constraints and the flight of journalists, has led to the reported closures of hundreds of outlets.
The overall level of armed violence in the country immediately decreased following the Taliban takeover. However, the security situation in the first year of the group’s rule remained volatile, with IS affiliate ISKP committing regular attacks on both civilian and Taliban targets. Spring 2022 saw an offensive erupt between resistance forces and Taliban in the north of the country, which led to widespread allegations – some verified by AW – of human rights abuses committed against resistance fighters, including extrajudicial executions and mass arrests.
The second year of Taliban rule, however, has been somewhat different. Our open source monitoring indicates that as a result of both Taliban restrictions and self-censorship, media and opposition in the country have largely dispersed, though reported arrests of women’s rights activists, educational campaigners and journalists have continued. Women have continued to protest against Taliban restrictions and edicts, but protests have largely been held indoors – seemingly an attempt by protesters to conceal their identities and reduce the risk of facing arrest or violence. Despite these threats, women have still taken to the streets to protest major edicts, including the ban on women’s university education in December 2022, and the closure of beauty salons in July 2023. In both cases, AW verified examples of the Taliban responding with force, using aerial gunfire and water cannons to disperse protesters.
AW has recorded far less activity by resistance forces during the second year of the Taliban’s rule, and, after several high-profile attacks claimed by ISKP in the first few months of 2023 – mainly targeting Taliban figures – AW has also seen a drop-off in ISKP activity following a period of intensified raids against alleged IS cells in March and April. ISKP also appear to have shifted away from attacks on civilians and Hazara and Shia neighbourhoods and have focused instead on predominantly Taliban targets.
Read the full report below:

domain: sociology


text:
Housed in an attractive 19th-century building, Grupotel Gravina is located just off Plaza Catalunya, Barcelona’s main square, 5 minutes' walk from Las Ramblas. It offers 24-hour reception and modern rooms with free WiFi and satellite TV.
The Hotel Gravina is just 5 minutes’ walk from the MACBA Modern Art Gallery and 15 minutes from Gaudí’s La Pedrera and Casa Batlló. Catalunya Metro Station, located 100 metres from the hotel, connects you with the rest of the city.
The air-conditioned rooms at Grupotel Gravina feature modern furniture and some have parquet floors. They are equipped with a work desk and a private bathroom with a hairdryer.
A welcome buffet consisting of teas, coffee and pastries is offered from 14:00 to 18:00. The hotel has a smart bar where you can get a snack or a drink. There are numerous restaurants in the surrounding streets.
Please note that the safe has an extra charge of € 2.50 per night.
Please note that guests must present the credit card used to make the reservation upon arrival. If you are not the owner of the credit card used to make the reservation, please contact the property in advance.
Please note, when booking more than 3 rooms, different policies and additional supplements may apply
Grupotel Gravina offers accommodation in Barcelona. Guests can enjoy the on-site bar.
Rooms include a flat-screen TV with satellite channels. A terrace or balcony are featured in certain rooms. Each room comes with a private bathroom equipped with a bath. Grupotel Gravina features free WiFi throughout the property.
You will find a 24-hour front desk at the property.
The hotel also offers car hire. Plaça Catalunya is 400 metres from Grupotel Gravina, while Portal de l'Angel is 600 metres away. The nearest airport is Barcelona El Prat Airport, 12 km from Grupotel Gravina.


text:
Up to 35% of Dutch elderly patients still receive an ostomy after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.1 The Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision trial showed a mortality rate of 57% in elderly patients, compared with 8% in younger patients once there is an anastomotic leakage.2 Eliminating this risk with its related morbidity and mortality could be important motives for both patients and surgeons to choose an ostomy in the elderly. Even though the impact of an ostomy on quality of life in the elderly after CRC surgery has been previously reported,1,3 little is known about its impact on their survival.
We performed a nationwide comprehensive analysis on the postoperative results and survival after CRC surgery in elderly Dutch patients (≥ 75 years), comparing the outcomes of patients with primary anastomosis (PA) with those with end ostomy (EO).4 Our analysis shows that elderly EO patients experience a significantly worsened 60-day, 90-day, and 3-year overall and relative survival, even after correcting for the available confounders using univariable, multivariable, and propensity score matching analyses.4 Based on these results, one might advocate that it is advisable to try to avoid the use of EO, regardless of comorbidities, age, or tumor stage. Various factors that may or may not be obvious, possibly detected at the initial outpatient assessment, might have led to the surgeons’ choice for an EO instead of an anastomosis.
The pace of population aging is much faster than in the past; elderly and frail patients are rapidly becoming the new challenges in the future of colorectal surgery. In contrary to popular belief, those elderly patients might not necessarily benefit from a stoma. More information is needed regarding how frailty combined with a stoma impacts postoperative outcomes and survival. Our hopes for the future are vested in the development of a surgical prediction model for colorectal surgery for elderly patients, focusing on which patients would benefit from conservative therapy and which patients would benefit from an ostomy. This is important for our clinical practice; it will change our surgical decision making and hopefully reduce the number of unnecessary elderly ostomy patients.
Verweij NM, Hamaker ME, Zimmerman DD, et al. The impact of an ostomy on older colorectal cancer patients: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32(1):89–94.
Rutten HJ, den Dulk M, Lemmens VE, van de Velde CJ, Marijnen CA. Controversies of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in elderly patients. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(5):494–501.
Mols F, Lemmens V, Bosscha K, van den Broek W, Thong MS. Living with the physical and mental consequences of an ostomy: a study among 1–10-year rectal cancer survivors from the population-based PROFILES registry. Psychooncology. 2014;23(9):998–1004.
van Loon YT, van Erning FN, Maas HA, Stassen LPS, Zimmerman DDE. Primary anastomosis versus end-ostomy in left-sided colonic and proximal rectal cancer surgery in the elderly Dutch population: a propensity score matched analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-09976-y
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van Loon, YT., Stassen, L.P.S. & Zimmerman, D.D.E. ASO Author Reflections: Nationwide Data on Ostomy Use in Elderly Patients After Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 28, 7461–7462 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-10057-3

domain: literature