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What to do in the surroundings
Il Poggiolo is roughly equidistant from the most beautiful historic centers of Tuscany:
- Florence – 35 min by train and 45 min by car
- Arezzo – 20 min by train and 30 min by car
- Siena – 45 min by car
History, Culture and Art
For travel tips, events, art history, and lifestyle information on Florence and Tuscany, including the locations listed below, consult Arttrav, a website written and maintained by a travel-blogger located in Florence. In your accommodation at Il Poggiolo you will also find guide books and maps to use during your stay, but for advance planning, Arttrav has some recommended books listed here.
The official tourism website for the region of Tuscany has some good “starter information” and inspirational videos to help you plan. Each city and province also has an official site; here are the most relevant to our area:
Getting to Florence from Il Poggiolo
The nearest train station is “Montevarchi –Terranuova” on the Florence to Rome/Chiusi/Foligno line. Given the parking problem in all of the Medieval cities in Tuscany, it is often advisable to park your car at the Montevarchi station and just take the train. Ticket one-way to Florence costs €6.20 (reductions for children under 12). Taking the train for a day trip is a good idea (above all to Florence), especially if you calculate the cost of gas and parking (not always easy to find). Cities easily reached by train from Montevarchi include Florence, Arezzo, Cortona, Orvieto, Pisa, Lucca, and even Rome.
Nature & Relaxation
Trekking – in both the Apennine Mountains and the Chianti hills (trails marked courtesy of the CAI – Club Alpino Italiano).
Country Walks – Just stroll out your front door and walk along the country roads in the neighbourhood. See sunflowers turn as the sun moves across the sky, grapes ripening on the vine, olives being harvested in the late fall. The village of Mercatale is only 3 km. away, a 45 minute stroll. A slightly more challenging jaunt (5 km.) brings you to the 12th-century tower of Galatrona (open on weekends) from which there is a view of the entire Valdarno and Appennine mountain range. Don’t forget to enjoy a cappuccino or gelato at the local café before you walk home!
Natural Parks – the Parco dell’Uccellina south of Grosseto, Pratomagno in the Apennines, and many others.
Thermal baths – Rapolano, Bagno Vignoni, Petrolo, Saturnia and many more.
Swimming – Il Poggiolo does not have its own pool, but there are a number of outdoor pools that can be reached in 10-20 min. This list was compiled by our younger guests in their order of preference:
“Croccodile”: Near Arezzo. Artificial waves and water slides and cafés and pizzeria.
Municipal pool in Montevarchi with diving board and local kids who strike up conversations in halting English.
“Las Vegas” in San Giovanni Valdarno with water slide and pizzeria-café.
Pools at Capannole (near Bucine): fewer people, more up-scale (better for adults), with trattoria & café – can get crowded on weekends in July/August.
County fairs, Gastronomic fêtes and Town holidays (for patron saints) – See announcements of upcoming “sagre” (town fêtes) in Tuscany and other events posted on Artrav (website).
Historic re-enactments: the Palio of Siena, the Gioco del Saraceno in Arezzo, the Calcio Storico match in Florence, and many more – see the “Local Events” page.

domain: travel


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One of the least familiar and most intriguing vegetables of fall is fennel (sometimes labeled sweet anise), a Mediterranean favorite. It looks like a bulbous head of celery and has a licorice-like taste.
A member of the same family as carrots, celery, caraway and cumin, fennel is rich in vitamin A and has fewer than 30 calories per serving. Today's recipe takes advantage of its crisp texture and distinctive flavor in a salad, but it's also good braised, grilled or sautéed.
There's no waste with fennel. Its feathery fronds can be used as a seasoning herb or garnish. Its celery-like stems make a flavor-imparting "rack" for roast chicken or pork, and a nice addition to soup. Fennel seeds are used in sausage, and fennel pollen is a gourmet flavoring agent.
Choose firm, unblemished, white bulbs with rigid, crisp stalks and bright green fronds.
Refrigerate in a loosely closed plastic bag. It should stay fresh for about five days. Don't wash until just before using.
Discard any bruised or discolored outer layers along with a 1/8 -inch slice from the bottom of the bulb. Cut the bulb in half lengthwise, lay the halves on their flat sides and slice across the grain.
Before slicing for salads, you may wish to cut out the tough but edible core from each half. (Leave it in for cooking as it holds the pieces together.) Use a mandoline for ultrathin slices.
Shaved Fennel Salad
2 fennel bulbs
2 tbsp. fresh lemon juice
Grated zest of 1/2 lemon
1 tsp. white wine vinegar
1 1/2 tbsp. chopped green olives
2 tbsp. chopped parsley
Salt and freshly ground pepper
3 tbsp. extra-virgin olive oil
5 oranges, peeled and sliced into rounds
Parmigiano-Reggiano curls, sliced with a vegetable peeler
1 tsp. chopped fennel tops
Trim the fennel as described in the accompanying article. Cut crosswise into thin slices.
In a large bowl, whisk lemon juice, zest, vinegar, olives, parsley and salt and pepper to taste. Whisk in olive oil. Taste and adjust with salt and lemon juice as needed. Add fennel and toss to coat.
Arrange orange slices on 4 plates and top with salad. Garnish with Parmigiano-Reggiano curls and fennel fronds. Makes 4 servings.
Source: Adapted from "Alice Waters: The Art of Simple Food"
Per serving: 218 calories (42 percent from fat), 10.9 g fat (1.5 g saturated, 7.7 g monounsaturated), 0 mg cholesterol, 3.2 g protein, 31.5 g carbohydrates, 7.7 g fiber, 91.3 mg sodium.
Need Help? Call us at 1-888-789-0831.
Monday-Friday: 6am-5pm / Saturday: 6:30am-11:30am / Sunday: 6am-1pm

domain: food


Serological pipets are practically ubiquitous in research labs. Do you use serological pipets every day? If so, do you find yourself thinking “drip happens” more often than you’d like? Does the worry of dripping affect your work? Well, you can alleviate worry when pipetting with Wobble-not™ serological pipets:
- Less worry of drops that will affect accuracy of the dispensed volume.
- Less worry of contamination of samples and/or work surfaces by inadvertent drops.
- Less worry of arm fatigue when having to move slowly for fear of dripping with a wobbly pipet.
Innovative technological design
In keeping with VistaLab’s mission to improve ergonomics for lab scientists, Wobble-nots were created to decrease insertion force into the pipettor’s nozzle. Typically, high force/jamming is required with a “standard” serological pipets to get it far enough into the nozzle to stick. This causes discomfort and stress on user’s wrists and if it isn’t jammed in far enough, there is significant wobbling, which means dripping of liquid. The unique 2-tier design of the Wobble-not plug end is tapered, so there is much less pushing needed to insert Wobble-nots into the pipet controller and maximum stability is achieved with much less force.
The Wobble-not plug end tapered design makes it easier to insert, but the 2-tier design makes it more stable, i.e. less wobbly. This is because there are 2 points of contact in the nozzle with Wobble-not as opposed to just 1 with standard serological pipets. The benefits are compounded with this seemingly small change in the design of a lab tool that had been the same since its initial conception! Less jamming. Less wobble. Less dripping!
Dripping that happens with standard pipets will:
- Cause inaccuracy of your dispensed volumes.
- Be a possible source of contamination when drops inadvertently fall into your tube or well or working surface.
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- Better accuracy and precision with less drips/drops.
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- Faster and easier pipetting when you can move without fear of the drops (those that form at the tip as you move and the dripping of the ones that do).
See the difference. Feel the difference.
See what a fellow scientist says:
— john y (@hkjawn) November 9, 2020
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Mount Storm Wind Farm
|Mount Storm Wind Farm|
The wind farm as seen from the highway
|Location||Grant County, West Virginia|
|Units operational||132 Gamesa G80|
|Nameplate capacity||264 MW|
The Mount Storm Wind Farm is located 120 miles west of Washington, D.C. in Grant County, West Virginia. The wind farm includes 132 Gamesa G80 wind turbines each with a two megawatt (MW) capacity along 12 miles of the Allegheny Front. Construction of the wind farm began in 2006 and the project is now fully operational, generating up to 264 MW of electricity for the mid-Atlantic power grid.
Plans for the farm were first announced in 2001, when U.S. Wind Force filed for a permit with the West Virginia Public Service Commission to build a 166 turbine wind farm, which would have been the largest wind farm east of the Mississippi River. The project's backers hoped that the first turbines would be operational by late 2002 with the rest of the facility coming online in 2003, but opponents quickly raised objections, arguing that the project would threaten birds and diminish home values in the surrounding area.
In May 2002, the Public Service Commission approved U.S. Wind Force's permit application without any significant opposition. The company also reached an agreement with the AFL-CIO to use union labor in the construction of the facility. At the hearings for the permit, speakers in favor of the project included Walt Helmick, a member of the West Virginia Senate, Jeff Barger, the County Commissioner of Grant County, and Steve White a union leader. A study by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service concluded that the project posed little danger to local birds, clearing the way for construction.
- Dominion & Shell Complete 264-MW Mount Storm Wind Project
- , "Company Overview of Nedpower Mount Storm, LLC","Bloomberg Businessweek"
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2015-05-11.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- Nyden, Paul (December 28, 2001). "Grant Wind Farm Will be Largest in East". The Charleston Gazette. p. 1C.
- Steelhammer, Rick (May 30, 2002). "Grant wind farm developers reach agreement with union". The Charleston Gazette. p. 5A.
|This article about a wind farm is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|
|This article about a United States power station is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.|

domain: geography


Dental Portable 18L Autoclave Medical Steam Sterilizer Dental Lab Equipment D15. CHAMBER SIZE : stainless steel #304 ; 18Liter ; (Ø)25×(D)35 CM MACHINE SIZE : (L)58×(W)39×(H)36 C POWER : AC110V/900W/8A ; AC220V/900W/4A TEMP/PRESSURE : 121/0.12Mpa ; 134/0.22Mpa STERILIZATION TIME : 25Min / 6Min SAFETY : Heating-over protection ; safety valve TEMP CONTROL DESIGN : chip control. Pressure adjustment: adjust the inter pressure, if over standard value automatic vent 2. Avoild overheat protect device: when inter temperature overheat, power break electric current automatically.
Tray basket × 1pc ; tray holder × 1pc Sterilization tray × 3pcs ; steam exhaust pipe × 1pc. After the completion of disinfectionPlease to wait for 10 minutes.Before open the DOOR(Do not close the power switch and close the steam emissions switch). Must supply water 800ml(Distilled water is the bast). Please close steam emissions switch. Do not use any corrosive or chemical water as the disinfection.
Do not share the same electricoutllet with other electrical apparetus. Please pay attention to correct voltage and frequency.Connect steam exhaust pipe with the steam ventBefore operation. The sale of this item may be subject to regulation by the U. Food and Drug Administration and state and local regulatory agencies. EUB (under 2KG): Only for USA, Canada, FranceUK and Australia. China Post (under 2 KG): 25-55 days.
E-Packetunder20kg: Only for UK, Canada, TaiWan, HongKong, Singapore, Brazil(without bettery), Japan, Korea, Spain and Australia. Please repack the item carefully. We are factory founded dental equipment Wholesaler and Retailer. If you have any questions about our service or products.You will be replied within 24 hours(48 hours in the weekend). The item "Dental Portable 18L Autoclave Medical Steam Sterilizer Dental Lab Equipment D15" is in sale since Sunday, May 6, 2018.
This item is in the category "Business & Industrial\Healthcare, Lab & Dental\Medical & Lab Equipment, Devices\Autoclaves & Sterilizers". The seller is "nski-dental" and is located in xiamen. This item can be shipped worldwide.


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New York Gov. Andrew CuomoAndrew CuomoThe Hill's 12:30 Report - Presented by Facebook - Arizona recount to show Trump's loss by even wider margin Former co-worker accuses Chris Cuomo of sexual harassment in NYT essay NY health chief criticized over state's COVID-19 response resigns MORE (D) said Saturday that the number of new coronavirus deaths in the state remains “obnoxiously and terrifyingly high” even as the state begins to see a dip in new cases.
Cuomo reported that 299 people died from the coronavirus in the past 24 hours, which is slightly higher than the 289 deaths the state reported Friday. Of those newly reported deaths, 276 happened in hospitals and 23 in nursing homes.
At its peak on April 7, New York saw 805 daily deaths related to the virus.
“That number has remained obnoxiously and terrifyingly high,” Cuomo said of the death toll at a press conference Saturday in the New York City borough of Queens. “It’s still not dropping at the rate that we would like to see it drop. It even went up a little bit. ... That is bad news.”
The state also reported 831 new cases of the coronavirus on Saturday after seeing about 900 new cases each day for the past week.
“That is still an unacceptably high rate,” Cuomo said.
As of Saturday, the state has recorded 308,314 total confirmed cases of coronavirus and 18,909 deaths.

domain: health


1 1379 Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management initiatives Don J. Jellyman Jellyman, D. J Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management initiatives. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: New Zealand has two main species of fresh-water eel, shortfin (Anguilla australis), which is shared with Southeast Australia, and the endemic longfin eel (A. dieffenbachii). Both species are subject to extensive commercial and customary fishing. The shortfin is the smaller and shorter lived, with typical generation times for females ranging from 15 to 30 years; generation times for longfin females are double this. The distribution and the abundance of both species have been compromised by habitat modifications, shortfins, the more lowland species, being affected by wetland loss, and longfins by weirs and dams. Although there are few concerns about the status of shortfins, there is increasing evidence of overexploitation of longfins, including reduced recruitment, reduction in catch rates, reduction in abundance and average size, and a regional reduction in the proportion of females. Eels are managed under the quota management system, although individual and regional quotas are set from catch histories because biological parameters are inadequate. Maori, New Zealand s indigenous people, have been allocated 20% of commercial quota, with additional quota set for customary take. The annual commercial catch of eels has halved over the past decade, and is now t, shortfins comprising 66% of catches. Recent management developments have included enhancement of upstream waters with juvenile eels, consolidation of processing into fewer but larger units, setting aside of additional reserve areas to increase escapement of silver eels, increased management involvement of Maori, and development of regional management strategies. Keywords: abundance, Anguilla, exploitation, fresh-water eels, management, Maori, quota, recruitment, status Received 3 January 2007; accepted 25 April 2007; advance access publication 21 June D. J. Jellyman: National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, PO Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand; tel: þ ; fax þ ; Eel species New Zealand has two main species of fresh-water eel, the shortfin eel (Anguilla australis), which is also found in southeastern Australia and at some Pacific islands, and the endemic longfin eel (A. dieffenbachii) (McDowall, 1990). Within the past decade, a third species, the Australian longfin eel, A. reinhardtii, has been found in the northern parts of the North Island of New Zealand (Jellyman et al., 1996). Although it appears to be a reasonably frequent immigrant, this last species is not a significant component of New Zealand eel biomass. Like fresh-water eels worldwide, the species are assumed to be panmictic, consisting of single genetic stocks despite occupying broad geographic ranges. Shortfins from Australia and New Zealand show significant differences in morphology (Jellyman, 1987; Watanabe et al., 2006) but genetic homogeneity (Dijkstra and Jellyman, 1999; Smith et al., 2001), at least at the glass eel stage. The main species frequently coexist, but the shortfin is principally a lowland species, dominating populations in lowland lakes, estuaries, and the lower reaches of rivers. It reaches a maximum size of about 1.1 m and 3 kg, compared with the 2.0 m and 25þ kg for the native longfin (Jellyman, 2003). Longfins prefer flowing water and hence are found extensively in mainstem rivers; they penetrate long distances inland and inhabit high country lakes and rivers. The two species have different habitat preferences (Jellyman et al., 2003). Although juveniles of both species prefer shallow water (,0.5 m deep), juvenile shortfins prefer slow velocities (,0.5 m s 21 ) and fine substrata, and juvenile longfins faster water (.0.5 m s 21 ) and coarse substrata. Adults of both species prefer deep, slow-moving water, but shortfins again prefer finer substrata (mud) than longfins (coarse gravel and boulders). There is experimental evidence of shortfin glass eels making specific olfactory choices about the types of waterways they invade, but longfins appear indifferent to water type, a response in keeping with their broader habitat preferences (McCleave and Jellyman, 2002). Customary fisheries Before European settlement, New Zealand s indigenous Maori people had a highly developed fishery for fresh-water eels. In the absence of native mammals, eels were enormously important as a basic foodstuff, because they were widespread, abundant, easily caught, and capable of being preserved. As a result, Maori had an extensive knowledge of the ecology of eels, and developed effective fisheries for both species, harvesting feeding and silver eels through combinations of traps, spearing, bait fishing, and large weirs (Downes, 1918; Schmidt, 1925; Best, 1929; McDowall, 1990). Eels feature extensively in Maori mythology, large eels often being credited as spiritual guardians of waterways (Best, 1929). Wars were sometimes fought over the rights to fish for eels in particular rivers. Maori practised various forms of management, # 2007 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Oxford Journals. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please
2 1380 D. J. Jellyman including imposing fishing bans on a waterway for ceremonial or conservation reasons, and seeding areas with small eels. Although most of the present-day harvest by Maori utilizes European fishing techniques, some customary fisheries practices still operate. For example, in a small coastal lake (Lake Forsyth, 560 ha) in the South Island, migrating shortfin eels accumulate at a gravel bar separating the lake from the sea, where they are gaffed on dark nights when they enter drains dug into the gravel bar. Several hundred may be taken on a good night s fishing (Todd, 1978). Maori have frequently expressed concern that commercial fishing has compromised their own ability to harvest sufficient quantities of large eels for ceremonial purposes, and that such land-use practices as wetland drainage and stream clearance have led to a significant degradation of eel habitat. There is also a general desire for eel stocks to be rebuilt to pre-commercial fishing levels, although unfortunately this would seem to be impossible because of irreversible land-use changes. Development of the commercial fishery The commercial eel fishery in New Zealand commenced in the early 1960s, and grew rapidly until annual catches of 2000 t were recorded in the early 1970s. Development of the fishery can be classified into three phases: (i) an exploitation phase ( ); (ii) a consolidation phase ( ); and (iii) a rationalization phase (2000 on). The exploitation phase was characterized by rapid expansion of the industry, a proliferation of processing factories, and generally large export volumes of a relatively low-value product. There were few management constraints, and early concerns were more to do with the possible impact of fishing on the important recreational trout fishery than on eel stocks themselves. In the early 1990s, 23 processing factories operated (Jellyman, 1993), and there was no limit on catches or the number of commercial fishing licences issued. An initial minimum size of 150 g introduced in 1981 was increased to 220 g in 1992, in an endeavour to improve marketability and yield-per-recruit. To cap the escalating catches in Lake Ellesmere, then New Zealand s single largest eel fishery, the lake was declared a controlled fishery in 1978, and a (maximum) total allowable catch (TAC) was set. During the consolidation phase, Government moved to reduce the pressure on eel stocks, because there were some concerns about overexploitation. Two important constraints were the exclusion of part-time commercial fishers from the industry (1982), and a freeze (moratorium) on the issuing of new licences in Associated with the licence freeze was a voluntary agreement by the eel industry not to increase fishing effort beyond that of the late 1980s. To assist with this, a legal loophole that enabled multiple fishers to operate from a single fishing permit was closed in Towards the end of this phase, fishery managers encouraged cooperative management planning by industry and Maori, which resulted in a series of regional management plans for the South Island (Te Waka a Maui me ona Toka Mahi Tuna, 1996). These plans formed the information base required for the next phase, the entry of eels into the quota management system (QMS). In the rationalization phase, South Island eels were introduced into the QMS in 2000, and a (maximum) TAC was set, with the commercial portion of this allocated to fishers largely on the basis of previous fishing history. The allocation of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) to fishers is considered to provide an incentive for conservation through the allocation of transferable rights to harvest in perpetuity (Batstone and Sharp, 1999). Similar to marine species, Maori received 20% of the commercial quota, and in recognition of the historical importance of eels to them, catch allocations were also made for customary purposes (another 20% of the TAC). Unfortunately, South Island quota was set for both species combined, meaning that there was and is no segregation of quota by species; quota was allocated to six regions, fishers often being permitted to fish in more than one region. North Island eels entered the QMS in October 2004, catches again being allocated based on fishing history. In recognition that longfins were being harvested at a rate considered by fishery managers to be unsustainable, quota for that species was set at 18% less than recent commercial catches. Again, a substantial allowance was made for customary purposes (14% of TAC), and 11% for recreational eel fisheries. A recent development has been a marked reduction in the number of processing companies to two main ones, who also hold much of the quota for both islands. One of these companies is owned by Maori. In recognition that eel stocks in some regions are showing signs of significant depletion, eel fishers have sometimes voluntarily forgone opportunities to catch their annual entitlements to assist stocks to rebuild. A consequence of the entry of commercial eel fisheries into the QMS has been the loss of a considerable number of experienced commercial fishers, who have opted to sell their ITQs. For instance, there were commercial eel fishers in the South Island before QMS introduction, but now there are only 20. There has also been an overall reduction in commercial fishing activity, as security of quota holdings has meant that commercial fishers can fish more conservatively, often on a rotational basis if access agreements can be made with landowners. Because of a lack of stakeholder involvement in the management of key fisheries, current Government management initiatives are in the development of Fishery Plans, whereby collaborative plans for particular species, stocks and areas can be drawn up cooperatively by fishery managers and industry stakeholder groups. Whether fresh-water eels will constitute a single national plan, or a series of regional plans, is uncertain at this stage. Current status of eel stocks and fisheries Commercial eel fishers supply a monthly catch and effort return. These data are cross-checked against monthly returns from eel processors (Licensed Fish Receivers), and any significant discrepancies between the two datasets are investigated. Reported commercial fishery catches (Figure 1) show the rapid increase in catches in the late 1960s to a peak of 2077 t in 1972, 25 years of markedly fluctuating catches, and a general decline since 1994/ 1995 to currently a little over 700 t (Sullivan et al., 2005). Declines in the commercial catch since 2000 are attributable to the introduction of the QMS (and attendant loss of experienced fishers), varying overseas markets, some reductions in areas available to commercial fishers, droughts, and availability of eels. Shortfins have always been the dominant species, averaging 64% of the total catch over the past 30 years. Although longfins have sometimes contributed as much as 45% of the annual catch, their proportion over recent years has consistently been about one-third of the total catch. North Island catches have always exceeded South Island catches, the relative contributions over the past 14 years being 64% and 36%, respectively. The present South Island TAC is 539 t, of which the total allowable commercial catch (TACC) is 78%, 20% is available for customary fishing, and 2% for recreational fishing (Figure 2). The customary and recreational catches are not monitored, but on
3 Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management 1381 Figure 1. Trends in the New Zealand commercial eel catch, The vertical dashed line indicates a change in recording from calendar year to fishing year (1 October 30 September). Figure 2. Comparison of allowable eel catches per catch category with actual catches for both North and South Islands. Actual ¼ actual TACC taken (for South Island, this is the average of fishing years 2000/ /2005; for North Island, it is for fishing year 2004/2005). average, just two-thirds of the TACC has been caught in any of the 5 years since it was established. For the North Island, the TAC is currently 885 t, of which 73% is the TACC, 14% is for customary fishing, 11% for recreational fishing, and the remaining 2% is in recognition of other (unspecified) sources of fishing-related mortality. The TACC for the North Island is separated by species, and in the 2004/2005 fishing year (the only year of data since North Island eels were introduced into the quota system), only 65% of the TACC for shortfins (457 t) was taken, together with 67% of the TACC (193 t) for longfins. Much of this reduction is considered to be a consequence of industry rationalization associated with entry of eels into the QMS. Today, apart from National Parks, various reserves, and a few designated non-commercial areas, most accessible waters are fished commercially. Apart from small quantities of glass eels that can be caught for research purposes, it is not legal in New Zealand to catch or export glass eels. High overseas prices for glass eels in the 1970s stimulated experimental capture of this life stage in the Waikato River, the river with New Zealand s largest recruitment. As much as 6 t was caught in a single year (Jellyman, 1979), although anecdotal reports indicate that such large recruitment is now infrequent. Apart from an experimental eel farm in the north of North Island (Whangarei), there is currently no intensive farming in New Zealand; trials of eel fattening (short-term, low density)
4 1382 D. J. Jellyman showed some promise, but the economics of the operation were uncertain (Chisnall and Martin, 2002a, b). Except Lake Ellesmere, there are no targeted fisheries for silver eels in New Zealand. This is not because of legislation, but largely because New Zealand rivers are subject to considerable variability in flow, making capture of silver eels very difficult during the periods of increased flow when most migrate (Todd, 1981b; Boubée et al., 2001; Boubée and Williams, 2006). However, a voluntary ban by commercial fishers is in recognition that adequate escapement of adult eels is critical to the sustainability of stocks. Male shortfin silver eels usually constitute two-thirds of the commercial catch of the Lake Ellesmere fishery, because there is evidence that managing this fishery in favour of larger shortfin females is a worthwhile management strategy (Jellyman and Todd, 1998; Jellyman, 2001). Despite the heavy exploitation, there is little evidence that shortfins are declining nationally (Beentjes and Bull, 2002; Jellyman, in press). As shortfin males seldom exceed the minimum commercial size of 220 g, the commercial fishery is effectively for females only (except the fishery for male silver eels in Lake Ellesmere, where the size restriction is relaxed). Shortfin eels are commercially harvested as glass eels, elvers, and yellow (feeding) eels in Australia. The main commercial fisheries for the species are in Victoria and Tasmania, Australia, and although catches in Victoria have declined substantially from the heady days of the early 1990s, the downturn has been largely attributed to droughts (Victoria Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 2002). Fishing techniques are highly efficient, and research has indicated that baited fykenets can consistently remove more than half the longfins in a waterway within a single night s fishing (Jellyman and Graynoth, 2005). Also, being ecologically dominant, large longfins are more vulnerable to capture than smaller longfins. A number of reviews and research programmes have highlighted the vulnerability of longfins, and the need to implement more conservative management practices to avoid substantial reductions in this fishery (Chisnall and Hicks, 1993; Jellyman et al., 2000; Hoyle and Jellyman, 2002; McCleave and Jellyman, 2004; Jellyman, in press). A 4 kg upper size limit, in place in the South Island since November 1995, was recently (March 2007) extended to include the North Island. Although this provides protection for large longfins, modelling has indicated that the probability of capture before this size is attained is very high (Hoyle and Jellyman, 2002). Research and management initiatives Initial research on eels in New Zealand was prompted by concerns that they were significant predators on trout (Cairns, 1942; Burnet, 1968). An outcome of research into that subject was that the predatory pressure by eels was beneficial to the production of brown trout of a size of interest to anglers. Subsequent research then focused on understanding recruitment (Jellyman, 1977a, b), the ecology of yellow eels (Chisnall, 1989; Jellyman, 1989; Chisnall and Hayes, 1991; Broad et al., 2001), and factors associated with the onset of maturity and downstream migration (Todd, 1981a, b). With the rapid development of the commercial fishery, emphasis changed to understanding the age composition and growth rates of eels in a range of waterways (e.g. Beentjes and Chisnall, 1998), and monitoring and modelling impacts of commercial fishing (e.g. Beentjes and Bull, 2002). Recent advances now allow researchers to estimate the biomass of eels in waterways by linking eel biomass/habitat relationships to a GIS rivers database (Graynoth and Niven, 2004). Estimates of mean age at migration were made using averaged growth rates estimated from sampling of commercial landings (Beentjes, 1999; Beentjes and Chisnall, 1998), relative to mean lengths of female silver eels of 740 mm for shortfins and 1150 mm for longfins (Jellyman and Todd, 1982). Growth rates for both species are higher in the North Island than in the South Island and result in shorter generation times (Table 1), and at migration longfins are twice as old as shortfins. These ranges in age at migration substantially exceed those of other temperate eels important in world commerce (A. anguilla, Svedang et al., 1996; A. rostrata, Oliveira and McCleave, 2000; A. japonica, Tzeng et al., 2000). Considerable effort is under way investigating the behaviour of eels approaching dams, to design appropriate means of downstream passage. To date, the use of submerged bypasses has met with some success, but during floods eels preferred to migrate over a spillway in preference to the much smaller flow provided by a bypass (Boubée and Williams, 2006). Likewise, selective opening of spillway gates can be an effective means of enhancing downstream passage (Watene et al., 2003), and predicting migration periods from rainfall events significantly reduces the loss of stored water (Boubée et al., 2001). The use of radio and acoustic telemetry continues to be very important to understanding migratory behaviour. In Lake Manapouri, where a large hydrostation diverts up to 97% of the outflow, studies have indicated that approximately half the silver eels entering the lake are attracted to the power station forebay and will be killed by passage through the turbines (NIWA, unpublished data). In the absence of fisheries for glass eels, some recruitment monitoring has been implemented. Representative locations in both the North and the South Island are electric-fished for glass eels, to obtain an index of annual recruitment (Chisnall et al., 2002; Jellyman et al., 2002). From 10 years of data, there are no clear indications of changes in abundance of either species. In addition, the annual congregation of juvenile eels (elvers) below hydrostations is now monitored through joint initiatives between the eel industry and fishery managers. Currently, up to 3 million juvenile eels are transferred upstream annually (Martin Table 1. Estimated age of female silver eels (shortfins, for a mean length of 740 mm; longfins, for a mean length of 1150 mm) for various regions in New Zealand. Region Shortfin numbers aged Shortfin mean age Longfin numbers aged Longfin mean age North Island Western Eastern Southern South Island Western Northern Central Southern Estimated ages are derived from growth rates given by Beentjes and Chisnall (1998), and Beentjes (1999).
5 Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management 1383 et al., 2005). Such ventures were initiated by industry to seed hydrolakes where resident eel stocks had become depleted through lack of recruitment. Growth rates resulting from such transplants have been impressive, with eels achieving the minimum commercial size of 220 g within 4 6 years, compared with years in reaches downstream of dams (Boubée et al., 2003). In the North Island, there is considerable potential for additional stocking of such waterways, especially the many small dams and ponds that proliferate throughout much of the farming country. For example, there are more than lakes and ponds,0.5 ha in the North Island (Table 2), many of which do not contain eels. Industry sees seeding many of these lakes with juvenile eels as a means of maintaining high productivity to offset possible reductions in harvest of riverine stocks of eels. Smaller scale transplants have also been trialled as a means of enhancing both shortfin and longfin customary eel fisheries in both islands. Transplants have generally proved successful, although the use of small eels captured in areas of high density has probably resulted in a disproportionate ratio of males in receiving waters, with subsequent emigration of these at maturity (Beentjes and Jellyman, 2003). A recent review of factors associated with the onset of sexual differentiation confirmed the significance of density as a major factor (Davey and Jellyman, 2005). Present government management strategy emphasizes elver transfers as an effective means of stock enhancement. Additional emphasis has been placed on establishing the extent and adequacy of silver eel escapement, the reduction in catch of longfin eels, and setting aside of additional reserves for the species. There has also been increased recognition of customary Maori fisheries through assessing the wellbeing of eel stocks and opportunities for enhancement. It is recognized that maintaining and preferably enhancing adult escapement is arguably the most effective measure for maintaining the sustainability of stocks. Fortunately, the importance of maintaining eel passage both up- and downstream is now widely recognized and required by Regional Councils, the statutory authorities that manage fresh-water resources. Habitat management and control of exotic invasive plants and animals is critical to maintaining aquatic biodiversity; longfin eels are New Zealand s largest native fresh-water fish, and historically eels dominated the biomass of all waterways, often constituting.90% of total biomass (Hicks et al., 2004). With the loss of significant numbers of large longfins, there is now concern about the ecological impacts of this on lower trophic levels (Jellyman et al., 2000; Chisnall et al., 2003). Table 2. The number of lakes of different size in North and South Islands of New Zealand. Lake area (ha) North Island South Island, Concerns Fishery management In response to concern about the wellbeing of longfin eel stocks, fishery managers are taking active steps to reduce exploitation, including setting the TACC for North Island longfins at a level below recent catches, and the setting aside of three significant rivers as free from commercial fishing. However, it is debatable whether such measures are extensive enough to forestall the predicted major reduction in recruitment of the species (Jellyman et al., 2000; Jellyman, in press). Although the QMS provides upper harvest limits, these have been mainly set from catch histories, because the biological data are inadequate. Results from economic modelling (Doole, 2005) suggest that this management strategy will not permit stock recovery and may indeed lead to stock collapse. There are further concerns that the system does not provide enough fine-scale management (at a catchment level), that quotas have not been adjusted since their inception, and that little recognition has been paid to enhancement of stocks by elver transplants. In response to such issues, fishery managers are investigating finer scale management units. Many Maori are still basically opposed to the commercial exploitation of eels, believing they should be utilized for customary and recreational purposes only. Apart from a general concern about lack of availability of larger eels, Maori have also expressed concern about the need for protection of additional areas of high customary importance. Given that shortfins are an Australasian species, there needs to be more recognition of integrated management between Australia and New Zealand. Habitat Because they migrate extensively inland, longfin eels have also been negatively impacted by the installation of weirs and dams. Historically, no provision was made for upstream or downstream passage of eels, because reduced abundance or exclusion upstream was deemed to be favourable to recreational fisheries based on imported brown and rainbow trout. The resulting exclusion from upstream habitats has been extensive. For example, a series of eight hydrodams on the Waikato River (the largest river in the North Island) effectively excluded eels from 30% of this catchment. Likewise, installations of major hydroschemes on large South Island rivers (Waiau, Clutha, and Waitaki) collectively impacted upstream recruitment to more than 20% of the whole of the South Island. Fortunately, facilities are now in place at most major hydrodams to facilitate upstream recruitment of juvenile eels, and managers from several hydrocompanies are investigating options to assist downstream passage of silver eels. Being principally a lowland species, shortfins have been significantly impacted by the loss of up to 90% of New Zealand s wetlands, and the extensive channelizing and straightening of lowland rivers over the past 50þ years. Current practices of waterway management (removal of sediment and aquatic weeds to facilitate drainage, by mechanical and chemical means from km of waterway each year; Beentjes et al., 2005) result in widespread loss of habitat and also in direct mortality of eels when they become stranded on banks. Several regional councils are taking steps to reduce such impacts, including employing people to return stranded eels to waterways. The impact of these practices on eels is unstudied, but collectively they must be substantial.
6 1384 D. J. Jellyman In addition, there are extensive pumping systems in some regions, and intakes are often unscreened and result in unreported deaths of eels. Several decades ago, eels were regarded as nuisance species. Fortunately, however, their status has now changed and Regional Councils are required to protect indigenous fish species. Councils now routinely require installation of fish passage facilities at weirs and dams, fish exclusion facilities at irrigation and hydro-intakes, and often encourage minimal mechanical stream clearing. Conservation Previous investigations of the extent of reserve areas for eels (Jellyman, 1993) suggested that a nominal target of 20% of species habitat should be set aside, although, as emphasized by Doole (2005), there are insufficient biological data to use in optimal reserve design. A recent survey using GIS techniques to estimate total lengths of waterways and areas of lakes (Graynoth and Niven, 2004) estimated that 14% of the total biomass of eels in the West Coast and Southland regions of South Island (representing approximately one-third of the total area of South Island) were fully protected, with a further 14% largely protected (except that silver eels could theoretically be exploited when they migrate from reserve areas). However, given that there is evidence of continued growth-overfishing and decreased recruitment of longfins (Jellyman et al., 2000; Hoyle and Jellyman, 2002; Doole, 2005), escapement from present reserve areas must be considered inadequate, and reservation of additional areas is essential. For shortfins, it is not known to what extent marine stocks provide a largely unexploited buffer for spawning escapement. Although the species is shared with southeastern Australia, management is carried out independently by both countries. Irrespective of whether A. australis is considered a single species (Jellyman, 1987; Dijkstra and Jellyman, 1999) or possibly two subspecies (Schmidt, 1928; Watanabe et al., 2005, 2006), it should be treated as a single fish stock and managed cooperatively by both countries. Research has indicated that although glass eels are genetically homogenous at recruitment (Smith et al., 2001), some selection (e.g. temperature-based) appears to take place during the fresh-water phase. An important corollary of this is that adult escapement should be maintained over a wide geographic area to maintain this genetic heterogeneity. Conclusions The commercial harvest of fresh-water eels in New Zealand has declined progressively over the past decade, mainly as a result of more restrictive fisheries management. The commercial fishery is a valued one, with an estimated asset value of $NZ 23 m (Statistics New Zealand, 2005). Widespread concerns that the endemic longfin eel has been overexploited have led to a recent acknowledgement by fishery mangers that current levels of exploitation are not sustainable [Ministry of Fisheries, Science Group (Comps), 2006]. Despite the additional gazetting of reserve areas, it is considered unlikely that such measures will be sufficient to arrest a predicted substantial decline in recruitment of this species. Although levels of concern for the status of shortfin eels are not similar, both customary and commercial harvests of this species are almost exclusively of females; this fact alone means that the fishery must be closely monitored and managed to ensure that there is no similar decline in stocks. Acknowledgements I thank my NIWA colleague, Eric Graynoth, and Peter Todd and Dave Allen of the Ministry of Fisheries for helpful comments on the manuscript. Additional comments from two referees, Brian Knights and Bruce Pease, also led to improvements in the text. References Batstone, C. J., and Sharp, B. M. H New Zealand s quota management system: the first ten years. Marine Policy, 23: Beentjes, M. P Size, age, and species composition of commercial eel catches from South Island market sampling, NIWA Technical Report, pp. Beentjes, M. P., Boubée, J. A. T., Jellyman, D. J., and Graynoth, E Non-fishing mortality of freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.). New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report, 2005/ pp. Beentjes, M. P., and Bull, B CPUE analysis of the commercial freshwater eel fishery. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report, 2002/ pp. Beentjes, M. P., and Chisnall, B. L Size, age, and species composition of commercial eel catches from market sampling, NIWA Technical Report, pp. Beentjes, M. P., and Jellyman, D. J Enhanced growth of longfin eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii, transplanted into Lake Hawea, a high country lake in South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 37: Best, E Fishing methods and devices of the Maori. Dominion Museum Bulletin, 12: Boubée, J., Chisnall, B., Watene, E., Williams, E., and Roper, D Enhancement and management of eel fisheries affected by hydroelectric dams in New Zealand. In Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels, pp Ed. by D. A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society Symposium, pp. Boubée, J. A., Mitchell, C. P., Chisnall, B. L., West, D. W., Bowman, E. J., and Haro, A Factors regulating the downstream migration of mature eels (Anguilla spp.) at Aniwhenua Dam, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 35: Boubée, J. A. T., and Williams, E. K Downstream passage of silver eels at a small hydroelectric facility. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 13: Broad, T. L., Townsend, C. R., Arbuckle, C. J., and Jellyman, D. J A model to predict the presence of longfin eels in some New Zealand streams, with particular reference to riparian vegetation and elevation. Journal of Fish Biology, 58: Burnet, A. M. R A study of the relationships between brown trout and eels in a New Zealand stream. Fisheries Technical Report, 26. Marine Department, Wellington. 49 pp. Cairns, D Life-history of the two species of freshwater eel in New Zealand. 2. Food and inter-relationships with trout. New Zealand Journal of Science, 23: Chisnall, B. L Age, growth, and condition of freshwater eels (Anguilla sp.) in backwaters of the lower Waikato River, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 23: Chisnall, B. L., and Hayes, J. W Age and growth of shortfinned eels (Anguilla australis) in the lower Waikato basin, North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 25: Chisnall, B. L., and Hicks, B. J Age and growth of longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) in pastoral and forested streams in the Waikato River basin, and in two hydro-electric lakes in the North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 27: Chisnall, B. L., Jellyman, D. J., Bonnett, M. L., and Sykes, J. R. E Spatial and temporal variability in size of glass eels (Anguilla spp.)
7 Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management 1385 in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36: Chisnall, B., and Martin, M. 2002a. Fattening wild eels. Seafood New Zealand, 10: Chisnall, B., and Martin, M. 2002b. Growth of female shortfinned eels stocked into dairy farm and factory wastewater ponds: a preliminary study. NIWA Technical Report, pp. Chisnall, B. L., Martin, M. L., and Hicks, B. J Effect of harvest on size, abundance, and production of freshwater eels Anguilla australis and A. dieffenbachii in a New Zealand stream. In Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels, pp Ed. by D. A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society Symposium, pp. Davey, A. J. H., and Jellyman, D. J Sex determination in freshwater eels and management options for manipulation of sex. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15: Dijkstra, L. H., and Jellyman, D. J Is the subspecies classification of the freshwater eels Anguilla australis australis Richardson and A. a schmidtii Phillipps still valid? Marine and Freshwater Research, 50: ss. Doole, G. J Optimal management of the New Zealand longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii). Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 49: Downes, T. W Notes on eels and eel-weirs (tuna and pa-tuna). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 50: Graynoth, E., and Niven, K Habitat for female longfinned eels in the West Coast and Southland, New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Christchurch, New Zealand. 33 pp. Hicks, B. J., Glova, G. J., and Duncan, M. J Forestry interactions New Zealand. In Fishes and Forestry. Worldwide Watershed Interactions and Management, pp Ed. by T. G. Northcote, and G. F. Hartman. Blackwell, Oxford. 789 pp. Hoyle, S. D., and Jellyman, D. J Longfin eels need reserves: modelling the effects of commercial harvest on stocks of New Zealand eels. Marine and Freshwater Research, 53: Jellyman, D. J. 1977a. Invasion of a New Zealand freshwater stream by glass-eels of two Anguilla spp. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 11: Jellyman, D. J. 1977b. Summer upstream migration of juvenile freshwater eels in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 11: Jellyman, D. J Upstream migration of glass-eels (Anguilla spp.) in the Waikato River. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 13: Jellyman, D. J Review of the marine life history of Australasian temperate species of Anguilla. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 1: Jellyman, D. J Diet of two species of freshwater eel (Anguilla spp.) in Lake Pounui, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 23: Jellyman, D. J A review of the fishery for freshwater eels in New Zealand. New Zealand Freshwater Research Report, pp. Jellyman, D. J The influence of growth rates on the size of migrating female eels (Anguilla australis) in Lake Ellesmere, New Zealand. Journal of Fish Biology, 58: Jellyman, D. J The distribution and biology of the South Pacific species of Anguilla. In Eel Biology, pp Ed. by K. Aida, K. Tsukamoto, and K. Yamauchi. Springer, Tokyo. 497 pp. Jellyman, D. J. Forty years on the impact of commercial fishing on stocks of New Zealand freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.). In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation concerns. Proceedings of the 2003 International Eel symposium. Ed. by J. M. Casselman, and D. K. Cairns. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 58, in press. Jellyman, D. J., Bonnett, M. L., Sykes, J. R. E., and Johnstone, P Contrasting use of daytime habitat by two species of freshwater eel Anguilla spp. in New Zealand rivers. In Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels, pp Ed. by D. A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society Symposium, pp. Jellyman, D. J., Chisnall, B. L., Dijkstra, L. H., and Boubée, J. A. T First record of the Australian longfinned eel, Anguilla reinhardtii, in New Zealand. Marine and Freshwater Research, 47: Jellyman, D. J., Chisnall, B. L., Sykes, J. R. E., and Bonnett, M. L Variability in spatial and temporal abundance of glass eels (Anguilla spp.) in New Zealand waterways. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36: Jellyman, D. J., Graynoth, E., Francis, R. I. C. C., Chisnall, B. L., and Beentjes, M. P A review of the evidence for a decline in the abundance of longfinned eels (Anguilla dieffenbachii) in New Zealand. Final Research Report, Ministry of Fisheries Research Project EEL pp. Jellyman, D. J., and Graynoth, E The use of fyke nets as a quantitative capture technique for freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) in rivers. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 12: Jellyman, D. J., and Todd, P. R New Zealand freshwater eels: their biology and fishery. Fisheries Research Division Information Leaflet, 11. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand. 19 pp. Jellyman, D. J., and Todd, P. R Why are migrating male shortfinned eels (Anguilla australis) in Lake Ellesmere, New Zealand, getting smaller but not younger? Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, 349: McCleave, J. D., and Jellyman, D. J Discrimination of New Zealand stream waters by glass eels of Anguilla australis and Anguilla dieffenbachii. Journal of Fish Biology, 61: McCleave, J. D., and Jellyman, D. J Male dominance in the New Zealand longfin eel population of a New Zealand river: probable causes and implications for management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 24: McDowall, R. M New Zealand freshwater fishes: a natural history and guide. Heinemann-Reed, Auckland. 553 pp. Martin, M., Boubée, J., Bowman, E., and Griffin, D Recruitment of freshwater eels: Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Project EEL pp. Ministry of Fisheries, Science Group (Comps) Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2006: Stock Assessment and Yield Estimates. 875 pp. (Unpublished report held in NIWA library, Wellington.) Oliveira, K., and McCleave, J. D Variation in population and life history traits of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, in four rivers in Maine. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 59: Schmidt, J On the distribution of the fresh-water eels (Anguilla) throughout the world. 2. Indo-Pacific region. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 8: Schmidt, J The fresh-water eels of Australia with some remarks on the shortfinned species of Anguilla. Records of the Australian Museum, 16: Smith, P. J., Benson, P., Stanger, C., Chisnall, B. L., and Jellyman, D. J Genetic structure of New Zealand eels Anguilla dieffenbachii and A. australis with allozyme markers. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 10: Statistics New Zealand New Zealand s freshwater eel resource. 9 pp. (Available at ). Sullivan, K. J., Mace, P. M., Smith, N. W. M., Griffiths, M. H., Todd, P. R., Livingston, M. E., and Harley, S.J. et al. (Comps) Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2005: Stock Assessments and Yield Estimates. Unpublished report, Ministry of Fisheries, New Zealand. 792 pp. Svedang, H., Neuman, E., and Wickstrom, H Maturation patterns in female European eel: age and size at the silver eel stage. Journal of Fish Biology, 48:
8 1386 D. J. Jellyman Te Waka a Maui me ona Toka Mahi Tuna Eel management plan covering the South Island of New Zealand. Report to Ministry of Fisheries. 138 pp. Todd, P. R Wairewa Maoris stick by old eeling methods. Catch (New Zealand), 5: 24. Todd, P. R. 1981a. Morphometric changes, gonad histology, and fecundity estimates in migrating New Zealand freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 15: Todd, P. R. 1981b. Timing and periodicity of migrating New Zealand freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 15: Tzeng, W. N., Lin, H. R., Wang, C. H., and Xu, S. N Differences in size and growth rates of male and female migrating Japanese eels in Pearl River, China. Journal of Fish Biology, 57: Victoria Department of Natural Resources and Environment Victorian eel fisheries management plan. The state of Victoria Department of Natural Resources and Environment. 48 pp. Watanabe, S., Aoyama, J., and Mishida, M. K. T A molecular genetic evaluation of the taxonomy of eels of the genus Anguilla (Pisces: Anguilliformes). Bulletin of Marine Science, 76: Watanabe, S., Aoyama., J., and Tsukamoto, K Confirmation of morphological differences between Anguilla australis australis and A. australis schmidtii. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 40: Watene, E. M., Boubée, J. A. T., and Haro, A Downstream movement of mature eels in a hydroelectric reservoir in New Zealand. In Biology, Management, and Protection of Catadromous Eels, pp Ed. by D. A. Dixon. American Fisheries Society Symposium, pp. doi: /icesjms/fsm073


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Pioneer Valley Food Tours
offers guided walking tours that explore local flavors from around the region. Taste a delicious selection of food and beverages made or sourced in the Valley, and meet the dedicated producers and purveyors who celebrate local ingredients in their specialty products.
This 2 hour 30 minute walking tour of downtown Northampton visits 7-8 local food producers and specialty shops. Participants taste a selection of locally made specialties that include award winning cheeses, pasture raised meats, artisanal breads, frozen yogurt, handmade pastries, heirloom ciders and craft beers. Discover a thriving local food community in downtown Northampton.
This 2 hour 30 minute walking tour explores the vegetarian culture of the city and the rich history of small farms and seasonal produce in the region. With local produce available year round, Northampton’s shops and restaurants are full of imaginative vegetarian dishes. Taste seasonal soups, tarts and savory pies, as well as locally made kombucha, specialty teas and chai. With a superb selection of vegetarian restaurants, natural food stores, and artisanal food producers, Northampton is a mecca for vegetarians and lovers of farm fresh produce.
Our first extended tour will visit farms and food producers throughout the scenic hills and valleys around the Connecticut River. This 3-day bicycle food tour is sure to please your appetite for local food and for beautiful cycling.
Deborah Christakos built her appreciation of local food and specialty products as a chef, working at restaurants around the US and France. She has lived in the Pioneer Valley for 15 years and is smitten with the incredible quality of its fresh produce, small farms and artisanal food producers. "I love giving visitors and residents an opportunity to discover the outstanding produce, farm raised meats, dairy and other specialty foods that are made in the Pioneer Valley."


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Cardi b and bruno mars
- Cardi B and Bruno Mars hook up in hot new ‘Please Me’ video
- Bruno Mars Responded To Cardi B Leaving Their Tour In The Most Empathetic Way
- Cardi B & Bruno Mars' Friendship Started On Social Media, But Now It's A Real Musical Force
- Cardi B and Bruno Mars's 'Please Me' Video Is a Steamy '90s Throwback
Cardi B and Bruno Mars hook up in hot new ‘Please Me’ video
Cardi B, Bad Bunny & J Balvin - I Like It [Official Music Video]and the for
Two days after deactivating her account, Cardi is back and proving she won't let criticism keep her down. The year-old rapper revealed on Wednesday that in addition to being back on Instagram, she is also releasing a new song with Bruno Mars this week. My album went two-time platinum, my n—, and every chart that there was, my album was always Top Number one album, as well. You deserve your awards. She is brave. As Cardi pointed out, Mars is an eleven-time Grammy Award-winning musician.
Somewhere there's an alternate universe where Cardi B and Bruno Mars fell in love in a '90s sitcom. Well, they've followed that up with another vintage look, in the new video for "Please Me," which is an ode to their Latinx heritage and late nights in the '90s. The setting: Somewhere in Los Angeles after a party in a checkerboard-walled diner. Mars—with a pencil-thin mustache, that he should absolutely rock at all times—watches as Cardi walks in, lollipop in hand, and stuns the neon-lit Mexican restaurant. It's romance at first look, as the entire diner becomes one massive, seductive dance number.
Bruno Mars Responded To Cardi B Leaving Their Tour In The Most Empathetic Way
The single debuted at number five on the US Billboard Hot ,  and later reached a peak of number three. The song's accompanying music video was released on March 1, Cardi B reactivated her Instagram to announce the collaboration on February 14, having deactivated her profile for a couple of days after receiving criticism online in response to her winning Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.
Cardi B & Bruno Mars' Friendship Started On Social Media, But Now It's A Real Musical Force
If you look closely enough, there's a lot you can tell about Cardi B and Bruno Mars' friendship from their '90s throwback music video for "Finesse Remix. But all importantly, you can read so much in their gestures. They have fun, sure, and a whole lot of it. But crucially, they appear to have a lot of respect for each other as performers with neither one trying to outdo the other. They each provide the space necessary for them both to show off their respective talents and the silliest facial expressions they could each muster. But the friendship is also something of a mystery.
Cardi B & Bruno Mars - Please Me (Lyrics)
Cardi B and Bruno Mars's 'Please Me' Video Is a Steamy '90s Throwback
The two stars heard fans say "please," and delivered an electrifying video. Cardi B and Bruno Mars sure know how to turn up the heat. The action jumps off when Cardi and Mars lock eyes at a late night meeting at a taco restaurant. Each surrounded by their respective pals, the two quickly make their way toward one another as the tune begins. A variety of suggestive dances and scenarios follow suit.
After deactivating her Instagram account following the backlash from her GRAMMY win on Sunday night, the songstress has returned to the social media platform in full force to announce a new forthcoming single with Bruno Mars. Cardi B even joined Mars during his 24k Magic World Tour last summer, however had to pull out because she needed to recover from giving birth to her daughter Kulture, who is fathered by Migos star Offset. Fans and industry colleagues have since defended her on her win including Lady Gaga and Chance The Rapper. In more music-related news, Drake celebrates So Far Gone 10th anniversary with streaming release. Slept in the studio on leather sofas for 3 months straight , migraines , in Atlanta in Miami away from my family. I had offsetyrn and brooklyn.
Music fans woke up to some good news Friday morning — rapper Cardi B released her first new song of titled "Please Me," a collaboration with singer-songwriter Bruno Mars. This is not the first time these two Grammy-winning artists have worked together. Their most notable collaboration was last year's remix of Mars' "Finesse. During Mars' "24K Magic" North American tour last fall, fans would have been able to see another onstage collaboration between the Dominican-Trinidadian Bronx-born rapper and the singer of Puerto Rican descent. But Cardi B "underestimated this whole mommy thing" and decided to not participate in the tour to take care of her newborn daughter Kulture. The single comes a week after Cardi B's big night at the Grammys, where she took the stage to deliver a performance of her single "Money " and received the award for the best rap album.
When Cardi B announced that she'd be pulling out of an upcoming tour with Bruno Mars, fans were upset — but completely empathetic.
does gargling with salt water help a sore throat

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The Philippines is hit by about 20 major storms or typhoons each year that occur mainly between June and October.
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Axl Rose Says Guns N’ Roses May Release Two New Albums
Axl Rose speaks on the possibility of a lot of new music coming from Guns N' Roses.
Previously Unreleased Led Zeppelin Track ‘La La’ Hits The Net
Led Zeppelin have unveiled yet another unreleased song from their upcoming box sets
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Guns N Roses have announced the July 1 release of 'Appetite For Democracy 3D: Live At the Hard Rock Casino, Las Vegas' on Blu-ray and DVD.
Ozzy Osbourne Announces Show In South Korea
Ozzy Osbourne will headline the Hyundai Card Citybreak Music Festival in Seoul this August.
Jimmy Page Says ‘Stairway To Heaven’ Lawsuit Is ‘Ridiculous’
Jimmy Page has offered his first public comments on the allegations that he stole part of the music from 'Stairway to Heaven' from Spirit.
Check Out Slayer’s ‘Raining Blood’ Played On A Banjo
Rob Scallon performed covered Slayer's 'Raining Blood' on a banjo.
Eric Johnson Announces Summer 2014 Tour
The guitar virtuoso has announced a tour for this summer in support of a new live album.
Classic Rockers Dominate Billon Dollar Tour Revenue Club
Four classic rockers topped Billboard's list of the highest-grossing live acts since 1990.
Led Zeppelin Release New ‘Whole Lotta Love’ Video
Led Zeppelin has released a "Rough Mix with vocal" video of their classic track 'Whole Lotta Love.'
Motorhead’s Lemmy Doing ‘Much Better’
We repeat: You can't kill rock and roll.
Macaulay Culkin’s Velvet Underground Cover Act Booed Off Stage
Actor Macaulay Culkin's band the Pizza Underground was booed off stage and pelted with beer during their recent set at the Dot to Dot Festival in Nottingham, England.
Former Budgie Drummer Finds Success With Parkinson’s Treatment
Drummer Pete Boot is experience progress a year after undergoing an experimental treatment for Parkinson's disease.


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D N FL CL IVLI-ANVS P F AVG: Pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Julian l., holding Victory on globe in his r. hand and a shield decorated with a she-wolf and twins motif over his l. shoulder
No legend: Isis standing frontally in a chariot drawn by two sphinxes, holding a sistrum in her r. hand and a patera (?) in her l.; beneath her, Harpocrates standing front, setting his r. forefinger to his mouth, and holding cornucopia in his l. hand. In front of the chariot is the dog Sothis running r., wearing a radiate disc, turning his head towards Isis
Displaying records 3141 to 3160 of 3184 total results.

domain: artistic


text:
Neutrophil nanosponges soak up proteins that promote rheumatoid arthritis
|Transmission electron microscopy of neutrophil nanosponges. Images courtesy of Qiangzhe Zhang/Nature Nanotechnology
San Diego, Calif., Sept. 3, 2018 -- Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed neutrophil “nanosponges” that can safely absorb and neutralize a variety of proteins that play a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Injections of these nanosponges effectively treated severe rheumatoid arthritis in two mouse models. Administering the nanosponges early on also prevented the disease from developing.
The work is published Sept. 3 in Nature Nanotechnology.
“Nanosponges are a new paradigm of treatment to block pathological molecules from triggering disease in the body,” said senior author Liangfang Zhang, a nanoengineering professor at the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering. “Rather than creating treatments to block a few specific types of pathological molecules, we are developing a platform that can block a broad spectrum of them, and this way we can treat and prevent disease more effectively and efficiently.”
This work is one of the latest examples of therapeutic nanosponges developed by Zhang’s lab. Zhang, who is affiliated with the Institute of Engineering in Medicine and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego, and his team previously developed red blood cell nanosponges to combat and prevent MRSA infections and macrophage nanosponges to treat and manage sepsis.
|Illustration of a neutrophil cell membrane-coated nanoparticle.
The new nanosponges are nanoparticles of biodegradable polymer coated with the cell membranes of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell.
Neutrophils are among the immune system’s first responders against invading pathogens. They are also known to play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease that causes painful inflammation in the joints and can ultimately lead to damage of cartilage and bone tissue.
When rheumatoid arthritis develops, cells in the joints produce inflammatory proteins called cytokines. Release of cytokines signals neutrophils to enter the joints. Once there, cytokines bind to receptors on the neutrophil surfaces, activating them to release more cytokines, which in turn draws more neutrophils to the joints and so on.
The nanosponges essentially nip this inflammatory cascade in the bud. By acting as tiny neutrophil decoys, they intercept cytokines and stop them from signaling even more neutrophils to the joints, reducing inflammation and joint damage.
These nanosponges offer a promising alternative to current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Some monoclonal antibody drugs, for example, have helped patients manage symptoms of the disease, but they work by neutralizing only specific types of cytokines. This is not sufficient to treat the disease, said Zhang, because there are so many different types of cytokines and pathological molecules involved.
“Neutralizing just one or two types might not be as effective. So our approach is to take neutrophil cell membranes, which naturally have receptors to bind all these different types of cytokines, and use them to manage an entire population of inflammatory molecules,” said Zhang.
“This strategy removes the need to identify specific cytokines or inflammatory signals in the process. Using entire neutrophil cell membranes, we’re cutting off all these inflammatory signals at once,” said first author Qiangzhe Zhang, a Ph.D. student in Professor Liangfang Zhang’s research group at UC San Diego.
To make the neutrophil nanosponges, the researchers first developed a method to separate neutrophils from whole blood. They then processed the cells in a solution that causes them to swell and burst, leaving the membranes behind. The membranes were then broken up into much smaller pieces. Mixing them with ball-shaped nanoparticles made of biodegradable polymer fused the neutrophil cell membranes onto the nanoparticle surfaces.
“One of the major challenges of this work was streamlining this entire process, from isolating neutrophils from blood to removing the membranes, and making this process repeatable. We spent a lot of time figuring this out and eventually created a consistent neutrophil nanosponge production line,” said Qiangzhe Zhang.
In mouse models of severe rheumatoid arthritis, injecting nanosponges in inflamed joints led to reduced swelling and protected cartilage from further damage. The nanosponges performed just as well as treatments in which mice were administered a high dose of monoclonal antibodies.
The nanosponges also worked as a preventive treatment when administered prior to inducing the disease in another group of mice.
Professor Liangfang Zhang cautions that the nanosponge treatment does not eliminate the disease. “We are basically able to manage the disease. It’s not completely gone. But swelling is greatly reduced and cartilage damage is minimized,” he said.
The team hopes to one day see their work in clinical trials.
Paper title: “Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles inhibit synovial inflammation and alleviate joint damage in inflammatory arthritis.” Co-authors include Diana Dehaini, Yue Zhang, Julia Zhou, Xiangyu Chen, Lifen Zhang, Ronnie H. Fang and Weiwei Gao, all at UC San Diego.
This work is supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (grant HDTRA1-14-1-0064) and the National Science Foundation (grant DMR-1505699).


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Kent Reliance has raised the rate on its easy-access account to a top 1.5%.
It now matches the rate offered by Goldman Sachs’s Marcus account, which has topped best buy tables since its launch a couple of months ago.
Annoyingly you have to apply for the new rate 'Easy Access' (was 1.26% now 1.5%) account even if you already have an account with them! The only logical reason they don't, is presumably they hope existing savers will miss the update or not bother. In my experience the only bank I know who have applied any increased rate automatically is RCI Bank, sadly they're lagging behind now at 1.37% (Freedom Savings Account).

domain: finance


text:
Testing my new toy Polaroid 110A.. Self converted to use 100 and 80 type pack films. Wheeeheee.. I finally got it to work properly! :-)
It is a great, sturdy and massive camera, which looks
absolutely awesome for my eyes.
I added it just a new neck strap and the whole package looks like new. I can not wait to try it with Close-Up Lens Kit # 550.
Shotdate | -location:
| Forssa (FI)

domain: hobby


Introduction to Sustainable Development-E2
|科目ナンバリング||U-LAS61 10014 LE17||開講年度・開講期||2021 ・ 後期|
TRENCHER, Gregory (地球環境学舎 准教授)
MCLELLAN，Benjamin (エネルギー科学研究科 准教授)
|授業の概要・目的||Sustainable development tries to satisfy people's present needs while maintaining the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It also requires a triple focus on environmental, economic and social aspects. In this course we will explore how nations can balance growth with environmental health. After studying about various sustainability challenges such as climate change, plastic waste, agriculture, health/diets, energy and social capital, students will develop their own development project proposals.|
|到達目標||Students will gain an understanding of the core principles of sustainable development and their application through global and local case studies. At the conclusion of the course students will present their own sustainable development project proposals to the class, applying a Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) approach to determine the best approach for addressing specific societal and environmental problems.|
This course will cover the following topics (and may change if required):
1.Introduction: Definition and principles of sustainable development (Trencher/McLellan)
2.Climate change: The science and surprising impacts (Trencher)
3.Plastic waste crisis in the oceans (Trencher)
4.Diets for a sustainable planet (Trencher)
5.Case studies in Japan and around the world – guest speakers (Trencher)
6.Sustainable road transport: The road to electrification (Trencher)
7.Natural capital (water and other resources, ecosystem services) (McLellan)
8.Social capital (stakeholders, cultural sustainability) (McLellan)
9.Energy issues (McLellan)
10.Business, trade and globalization, global treaties and climate change (McLellan)
11.Case studies in Japan and around the world – guest speakers (McLellan)
12.Proposal preparation (Trencher/McLellan)
13.Student development proposals (Trencher /McLellan)
14.Student development proposals and conclusion (Trencher /McLellan)
1.Attendance and participation: 15%
2.In-class exercises and short assignments: 35%
3.Group project proposal outline (1 page) 5%
4.Final group presentation: 25%
5.Final group report: 20%
- Participation is required. This is not just attendance – it means joining the conversation. If you must miss a class, explain reason to instructor. Come on time (2 lates = 1 absent).
- Come to class prepared. Read the chapters or articles to be covered before class. Be ready to discuss your ideas. Files will generally be uploaded to the PandA site before class.
- Complete assignments on time. Assignments must be handed in on their due dates and by the due time. If an extension is needed, you must talk with the instructor in advance. All written work must be original to receive credit.
|授業外学習（予習・復習）等||Final presentation requires students to spend time out of class hours in preparation.|
The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century's Sustainability Crises, Richard Heinberg, Daniel Lerch, (Watershed Media), ISBN:978-0-9709500-6-2, Not compulsory, but highly recommended.
A reading list and some freely-available resources are provided in PandA.


Windows 7 Thread, Disable Network & Libraries from being shown in Navigation Pane in Technical; We'd like to have these two removed from the pane, just as a prevention method really. Ideally through Group Policy.
19th May 2011, 03:49 PM #1
- Rep Power
Disable Network & Libraries from being shown in Navigation Pane
We'd like to have these two removed from the pane, just as a prevention method really. Ideally through Group Policy.
Libraries - Messes up folder redirection to our network home folders. We thought we'd solved this, but it keeps coming back.
Network - Allows the browsing of all devices on the network via NETBIOS. Even with Network Discovery turned off (forced by disabling "Function Discovery Provider Host/Resource Publication in Group Policy services), it is still possible. This is because we have an underlying programme that uses NetBIOS to send messages, and we can't remove that.
Having the options removed would save a lot of trouble.
19th May 2011, 03:53 PM #2
we have encountered a similar issue and one of my coleagues has posted information on this here.
Musings of a Primary School Tech: Removing Items from Navigation Pane.
If you require any further info please feel free to ask and I will point him in the direction of this thread.
19th May 2011, 03:54 PM #3
Try this Remove 'Network' from navigation pane
and a little search through the forum helps too
19th May 2011, 05:39 PM #4
- Rep Power
I have been doing some research, but it all comes down to registry hacks. We're trying to avoid those, as we'd have to include them in our image.
19th May 2011, 06:00 PM #5
We have had to add them to our image too. There are a number of registry hacks we have had to do to remove specific things from the environment. Some are done through group policy and others are added to the image, eve down to removing items from the context menu.
19th May 2011, 08:39 PM #6
- Rep Power
That's the route we've had to go down too, but we're looking for GP alternatives as much as possible. Just so when the next models of computers are ordered with Windows 7, the less faffing about we have to do with registry hacks.
Seems like there's no avoiding this one, other than registry hacks. Thanks guys.
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Medicine, a new style of artisan bakery, café and gallery, were launching a new venue on Birmingham’s prestigious New Street, and approached me to help them develop their brand identity and design aesthetic as they expanded their business offering.
Rooted firmly within its Midlands heritage, with its owners having previously owned the city’s famous Medicine Bar in Digbeth, before developing a successful artisan bakery and café in the suburbs of Wolverhampton, this new venture creates a jewel in the region’s independent offering. To coincide with the new opening in Birmingham, the sister venue in Codsall, Wolverhampton, formerly known as Village Café, also had to be rebranded as Medicine. Offering a unique mix of hand crafted artisan breads, cakes and pastries along with a unique brunch and daytime menu in Codsall, and complemented by a series of talks, events and exhibitions in Birmingham, Medicine promises to create a unique alchemy of food and art.
With a wealth of striking imagery available, of the artisan bread and cakes produced by the bakery, along with shots of the new 2,200 sq ft first floor Victorian space in Birmingham, previously home to the Royal Society of Birmingham Artists, it was key to include these visual cues as the brand started to create a name for itself. I wrote and designed a press kit to help announce the brand’s arrival into Birmingham and the rebrand of Codsall. This also helped to explain the evolution and key values of the brand.


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R555 Top Secret Gold 5x112
Our R555 New Wheel with flow-form technology was designed to be lighter, stronger, and have a greater resistance to shock. By using flow form method we were able to improve the strength of the wheel and reduce weight by up to 15%-20%. The wheels are designed to clear RS3/Golf R brakes. Special Order only!
The Top Secret Gold will be familiar to the Subaru fans. The metallic gold is a great match for your blue cars.
Available Bolt Pattern:
Audi RS3 | 5x112 | 18x9.5 +38
VW Golf R | 5x112 | 18x9.5 +38
21.5 lb to 22.0 lb
1600 lb Load Rating
DOT-T Rating for US Road Use
Center bore: 73.1mm for most bolt pattern, 5x108 is 63.4mm, 5x112 is 66.6mm (66.56mm OD Hub rings will not work!)
Lug Pocket: 29mm diameter w/60 degree taper conical seat
Limited Lifetime Structural Warranty
1-Year Warranty on Paint Finishes
All Option Lab wheels are designed to accept most OEM and aftermarket replacement Tire Pressure Monitoring Sensor (TPMS) along with any standard rubber or metal valve stems.

domain: design


text:
Marvel Television is continuing to push boundaries in its animation department. Everyone in the new special Marvel Rising: Heart of Iron had a chance to shine, and its cast and crew clearly worked well together. Marvel Rising is making an effort to keep it in the family as well. While the TV shows may be loosely connected to the movies, the animated universe keeps it connected behind the camera. Agents of SHIELD’s Chloe Bennet reprises her role as the voice of Daisy Johnson, and Milana Vayntrub, who was cast as the live-action Squirrel Girl in 2017, voices Squirrel Girl.
Milana Vayntrub’s New Warriors is still in limbo waiting for filming, but the actress was more than happy to sit down with reporters at WonderCon 2019 to share her thoughts on the series and her character’s potential.
What’s most striking about Vayntrub is her sense of fun. She truly embodies who Squirrel Girl is: an irreverent and silly character who ultimately is the best hero that she can be. Squirrel Girl is consistently far truer to herself then a number of others in the Marvel Universe — from comics to onscreen incarnations.
The best part was when Vayntrub was asked about if she had any of her characters’ toys. The Marvel Rising dolls are equal parts Barbie and action figure. For parents of children, young preteens or those young at heart, they’re a great buy for someone who wants to represent one of their favorite characters. Vayntrub shared that she owns a Squirrel Girl and also bought one for her niece. “I kept Tippy Toe, though,” she shared. “Because I wanted Doreen to have her own army of squirrels.”
We sat down and discussed the toys, Squirrel Girl’s motivations, where she fits into the Marvel Rising universe, who she is to Riri Williams and where she might go both live-action and otherwise. Check out our full interview in the video below!
Are you excited to see more of Squirrel Girl? Now that you’ve seen Marvel Rising: Heart of Iron, are you hoping to see her in more things? Share your thoughts with us in the comments below!
Marvel Rising: Heart of Iron is currently airing at Marvel HQ on YouTube.


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Welcome to The Sign Broker – the trusted name for high-quality illuminated door sign and end-to-end sign broking in Brisbane.
We offer illuminated door signs – LED signs – to help businesses to attract their potential customers 24/7. As a leading sign broker in Brisbane, we take care of everything from design to installation and ensure that businesses get a wholesome experience without the hassles of engineering, council approval, and more.
We are a team of highly experienced commercial sign consultants and brokers who can help you to get the ideal brand identity for your business.
Illuminated sign grab attention immediately, specially in evening. We offer a wide range of custom designed illuminated sign options, you can select that fits your business requirements:
LED signages are an excellent choice if you want to give a standout appeal to your business. The signs give you the following range of benefits:
Regardless of the time of the day, night, and changing seasons, the bright, illuminating signs easily catch the eyes of your prospective customers. When the design of the sign is chosen by the experienced hands of The Sign Broker, your illuminated door signs become synonymous to the business success.
The Brand Perception
LED signs have an excellent shelf life – a few years – and can attract potential customers to your business without any interruption. At The Sign Broker, we connect with the LED sign makers of highest standards to manufacture your illuminated door signs in Brisbane that can last up to 6 years.
LED signs are known for low maintenance and highly reliable performance. You can easily clean them anytime as they don’t get heated up. Also, they are inexpensive and eco-friendly with low energy consumption and an affordable choice for you to get a fresh appeal for your business.
At The Sign Broker, we have more than five decades of experience in the sign industry and know all the ins and outs of the commercial sign process. Moreover, we are second to none when it comes to the commitment to give high-quality service to our customers.
While some businesses get confused with the complex neon sign design and manufacturing process, others find difficulty to invest quality time on collaborating with sign designers, sign manufacturers, authorities, and more for their signages. At The Sign Broker, we put ourselves into the shoes of the businesses and take care of the entire process.
Our seasoned eyes can easily pick the sign design that can capture the eyes of your potential customers and draw them in. We will collaborate with the finest quality manufacturers, complete the manufacturing, and place the signs at the ideal location to attract potential customers.
Our price negotiators will work with various designers, manufacturers, logistics teams, and more and ensure that you get a high-value service from us.
As a comprehensive commercial sign consulting and broking service provider, we take care of every step of your illuminated door signs in Brisbane.
We begin the design broking process with a detailed consultation with you, where we will understand your needs in terms of design, budget, timeframe, and more. We will also make site audits, assess the optimal dimensions of sign for excellent visibility, evaluate your existing branding and style guide adherence, and more.
We will then create the prototype, incorporate your thoughts and suggestions, and finalise the design subject to your approval.
After finalising the design, we will connect with our network of LED sign manufacturers to undertake the fabrication process. At The Sign Broker, we choose only the illuminated sign manufacturers who are known for the high-quality production standards.
After getting detailed quotes with specifications and tender documentation, we will filter the manufacturers by considering their expertise, price, and experience. This way, we will ensure you get a high-quality illuminated door sign at the best price.
If you want larger signages, you may need to get an engineer’s and certification for the approval of the local council or the landlord of the building. We will take care of this part for you to ensure you hassle-free service experience.
Apart from getting a structural engineer’s certification, our services also include structural design of the support structures of the sign, non-destructive testing of these structures, and repair and replacement.
Businesses and amateur sign manufacturers often forget to get council approval before placing the sign at the location. This leads to the council action that often demands the removal of the sign until the business gets the approval.
At The Sign Broker, we will connect with the council and get the approval in advance before placing the sign to give you free of any future hassles.
While giving a new appeal for your business with illuminated signage, we will also ensure that they don’t pose any safety issues and troubles to you, your staff, and the customers. We will develop risk management practices and strategies based on your commercial place and ensure the safety of everyone in your premises.
With OH&S compliance, state and council safety guideline compliance, electrical compliance, and quality assurance, our signage broking service will be an “all-inclusive” experience for you.
Custom Illuminated Sign Manufacturing
At The Sign Broker, apart from choosing reputed LED sign makers, we also have established quality parameters to ensure our customers the finest quality illuminated signs. With the highest quality materials and tools, we will make sure that you get spotless LED signs based on your expectations.
The manufacturing of the illuminated signs also includes the procurement of materials, warehousing, insurance cover for stock, site measurements, and quality management.
After manufacturing the sign at the manufacturer’s facility, we will take care of the complete logistics and bring it to your business location for installation. From transport arrangements to labour costs, we will take ownership of the logistics.
With specialised transport vehicles and precautionary measures, we will ensure the safe movement of the sign to your commercial space.
Illuminated sign Installation & Completion
Our labourers will install the sign in place by following all the guidelines and risk management plans formulated by us. We will also make necessary safety audits to ensure that all the OH&S site requirements and other safety guidelines are followed.
While this completes the process, we will always be available to address any concerns you have, including any maintenance and repair needs, after the installation.
Illuminated signs are a great way to create impact both indoors and outdoors. If you want potential customers to notice something important such as a particular sale or the price of a product, having an illuminated sign will gain more attention than a standard one. Illuminated signs are also especially convenient at night, especially for restaurants or stores that have later trading hours.
LED lights run on about 12 volts DC. This is a lot less than neon and therefore, is far more energy efficient. With an LED light illuminated sign, you’ll be able to cut your energy costs in the long term. It’s a cost-effective alternative to stand-alone signage pieces.
We utilise LED lights to internally illuminated our lightboxes. This means they distribute light more evenly as well as being energy efficient and longer lasting.
Traditionally, illuminated signs last around 10-15 years if installed, maintained, and built properly. At The Sign Broker, we’ll ensure your sign is lit up perfectly for years to come, in any environment.
We install various types of lightboxes. Our two most common are the LED direct backlit lightbox where strips of LED lights are lined up vertically or horizontally behind the surface of the box or the LED edge-lit lightbox where the lights are placed along the perimeter of the box. Contact us today to figure out which lightbox would suit your sign better.
Generally, a lightbox sign costs about $30 or more per square foot. However, because they differ depending on the business, lightbox signs are quoted individually. Talk to us today to find out how much your lightbox sign could potentially cost.
The price of LED church signs can vary depending on the type of sign you purchase. An LED church sign can cost you from $10,000 upwards. Contact us today to discuss your LED church sign requirements and potential pricing.
Our light boxes are extremely durable as they include internal braces which strengthen the box. We pride ourselves on the quality of our product and therefore, guarantee that our lightbox signs will be able to withstand even the toughest of conditions.


text:
D-II girls hoops: Saguaro dominates Peoria to reach semis
Originally published: Feb 25, 2014 - 12:00 am
Saguaro bolted to a 9-0 in the first three minutes Tuesday afternoon and went on to elimiinate No. 18 Peoria, 60-45, in the Division II girls basketball quarterfinals at Jobing.com Arena.
Saguaro (25-7), the No. 10 seed this year and defending state champion, advances to Thursday's (Feb. 27) semifinals where it will meet the Cienega-Cibola winner at 2:30 p.m. at Jobing.com. Arena. Peoria, which won two close early round games, finished the season 23-8.
"We had a different energy level and I think our experience showed," Saguaro coach Chris Young said. "It's taken us awhile to get to where we want to be this year. We're playing pretty well right now."
Saguaro was led by senior guard Casey Rarrick and junior guard Jelani Huma. Rarrick scored a game-high 20 points and heated in the second half after a cold-shooting first half. Rarrick made 4-of-6 shots in the second half, Three of them were 3s. She made 5 3s for the game. Huma helped Saguaro start fast, scoring 11 of her 15 points in the first half. Amber Rollins added nine points in a reserve role.
Saguaro never trailed in the game and on a couple occasions when Peoria made runs to cut double-digit leads to six, Saguaro answered by beating Peoria in transition or by getting open looks on 3s and making them. Peoria's second run in the third period pulled the Panthers within 37-31, but a 9-2 burst to end the quarter essentially finished Peoria's chance at victory.
Senior guard Alexis Camacho led Peoria with 16 points and teammate Taylor Blue added 14 points.
- Jim and Mark Sollenberger Brothers of Barry Sollenberger - Saturday August 23Jim and Mark Sollenberger talk about the Sollenberger Classic and what the event means to the Sollen
- Station Casino's Co-Founder and UFC Chairman and CEO Lorenzo Fertitta - Saturday August 23Lorenzo Fertitta talks about sponsoring the Sollenberger Classic and the UFC coming to Phoenix.
- AIA Director of Business Media Brian Bolitho - Saturday August 23Brian Bolitho talks about the importance and growth of the Sollenberger Classic.
- Dave Zorn - Saturday June 14Host of the Friday Night Wrap-Up Show, Dave Zorn, joins the show to talk about why he is leaving.
- August 23, 2014 - Hour: 1Arizona Sports Preps 365 recaps and previews the Sollenberger Classic football games.
- August 23, 2014 - Hour: 2Arizona Sports Preps 365 Recaps and Previews the Sollenberger Classic Game in Las Vegas.
- June 14, 2014 - Hour: 2In this hour Jim and Craig talk to Chuck Schmidt and Dave Zorn.
- June 14, 2014 - Hour: 1In this hour Jim and Craig talk to 3 TV's Tyler Baldwin and Az Central's Richard Obert.
- June 7, 2014 - Hour: 1Arizona Sports Preps 365, in this hour Sammy Chagolla, Bryce Perkins and Ky Westbrook join the show.

domain: sports


Performs responsible Police protective service work in the City of Norwalk Iowa; duty involves an element of personal danger. This position involves shift work including nights, weekends and holidays. The City offers an annual salary of $58,281 to $75,961 and an excellent benefit package. A pay incentive for certified applicants is available. No academy training reimbursement contract required for non-certified applicants.
In addition to excellent pay and benefits, officers of the Norwalk Police Department enjoy a supportive community, a low crime rate, modern equipment, free uniforms and weapons, advanced training opportunities and excellent City leadership.
Under general supervision, employees in this position perform a variety of routine patrol and investigative duties in the enforcement of State law, traffic law, and the municipal code.
$58,281.00 – $75,961.00 Annually
10/21/2021 at 11:59 PM Central Time (US & Canada)
• Perform routine patrol and traffic monitoring duties.
• Respond to calls for emergency assistance.
• Issue citations to violators.
• Operates radar equipment.
• Assist members of the public and provides information about department policies and procedures.
• Participate in criminal investigations, question suspects and witnesses.
• Prepare and submit reports concerning daily activities and investigations.
• Present educational programs at school and community service functions.
• Receive and maintains security of prisoners, take fingerprints, search and photograph prisoners.
• Attend law enforcement conferences, seminars and other related meetings.
• Maintain confidentiality of information as necessary.
• Establish and maintain effective working relationships with Officials, other agencies, fellow employees and the general public.
• Maintain regular and punctual attendance and working hours.
High school graduation OR equivalent (GED); Graduation from a four year college with a degree in a social or police science is desirable. Candidates MUST meet all minimum standards for Iowa Law Enforcement Officers. The requirements for certification as a police officer in Iowa can be found here: https://ileatraining.org/default.aspx/MenuItemID/239/MenuGroup/Home.htm .
Applicants must be 21 YOA at the time of application. All qualified applicants regardless of race, creed, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, age national origin, marital status disability, status as a veteran, physical or mental disability and any other category protected by any applicable local, state or federal law are encouraged to apply. Women, Minorities and Veterans are encouraged to apply.
Preference may be given to applicants that are certified through the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy or any other state with a comparable certification.