text:
Texas Water Development Board approves $7,599,660 to the City of Eastland (Eastland County) for wastewater system improvements
For immediate release. Contact: Kimberly Leggett at 512-463-5129
AUSTIN – (July 20, 2017) – The Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) today approved by resolution financial assistance in the amount of $7,599,660, consisting of a $6,765,000 loan and $834,660 in loan forgiveness, from the Clean Water State Revolving Fund to the City of Eastland (Eastland County). The City will use the assistance to finance wastewater system improvements.
The financial assistance approved today could save the City approximately $936,000 over the life of the loan, in addition to the loan forgiveness.
With the assistance, the City will be able to finance the planning, design, and construction costs associated with wastewater system improvements. The City plans to also implement treatment improvements so that reclaimed water can continue to replace potable water for irrigation.
The TWDB is the state agency charged with collecting and disseminating water-related data, assisting with regional planning, and preparing the state water plan for the development of the state’s water resources. The TWDB administers cost-effective financial assistance programs for the construction of water supply, wastewater treatment, flood control, and agricultural water conservation projects.


Some thoughts on the RNC's keynote address:
1) Anyone who runs for executive office and makes promises to make wholesale changes is full of shit. Our system of government isn't designed for one office or branch to have power. It's the SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT REASON why Obama's presidency can be judged a failure--lack of cooperation from the legislative branch.
2) The amount of hypocrisy that came from the lips of the man entrusted by many to be their candidate for president of our country is appalling. Some may term his final comments a call to unity, but I heard him blame Obama for the lack of unity in this country. Really? When the sole purpose of the republican party since January 2009 has been to oppose, block, gridlock, and hate on President Obama? So is that the reason we have so much disunity because Obama is the president or is he the cause? Either way, the GOP needs to hold up a mirror when casting blame on America's lack of unity.
3) Mr. Romney is probably much smarter than me when it comes to economics but he seems to misunderstand something. He is absolutely correct about America needing jobs and that we need to get the private sector to create them. What he seems to miss (or not say at least) is that private corporations aren't doing the things necessary to stimulate job growth. In fact they're hoarding profits, rather than reinvesting them in their businesses. So some entity has to fill that gap. Unfortunately for the tax payers it's been the US government.
We can debate the tax code for at least a decade and its influence on private corporations' incentive to spend domestically. But the reality is that a) America became a service economy decades ago and b) it's too costly to build anything here thanks to the high standards the average American expects in the workplace.
Say hypothetically you could get the same quality of burger at Morton's the Steakhouse as you could at say Burger King, with the only difference being BK prepared it in different conditions. The beef is the same. The bun is the same. Toppings equally as fresh. BK uses a 5' x 5' kitchen manned by a person making $6.50/hr whereas Morton's uses a gigantic state of the art facility where it's chefs are paid six figures. BK charges $1.99; Morton's $15.99. BK's profits on burgers are higher because of less overhead. Who do you think other burger makers, interested in profit, are going to emulate? Who do you think the America worker wants to emulate? As a result, guess where burgers are more likely to be made?
4) Romney will win votes among Christians because of his promise to allow God to be his guide in governing the country. There is a sincere belief by some that if God guides the president, then we will be alright. There are a couple problems with this theory. First, the President has to make some tough calls in the interest of "national security," you know like ordering the murder of tyrants, etc. Last I checked, thou shalt not kill so that'd be a tough call to make no? Second, this assumes that the United States has divine purpose and promise. This is the same country built on slavery, disenfranchisement and the oppression of the fairer sex. The same country where many of it's greatest success stories start with illegal or at least immoral activity. God's nation according to Christianity is Israel not the United States. The United States' purpose is NOT divine. God did not anoint or even bless America; America rose up and took it gangsta style. The rain falls on the just AND the unjust; just because American has been dominant doesn't make us ordained. Get a grip and read some prophecy.


text:
Russian President Vladimir Putin and U.S. President-elect Donald Trump both called on their countries to bulk up their nuclear arsenals so they can handle threats.
"We need to strengthen the strategic nuclear forces, for that we should develop missiles capable of penetrating any current and prospective missile defense systems," Putin said at a Russian Defense Ministry meeting on Dec. 22, according to Russian news agency Tass.
The main international defense system most capable of intercepting those missiles is NATO, notes The Washington Post.
The Russian leader said that nearly 60 percent of Russia's armaments are modern but called on the nation to bring the non-nuclear forces "to a higher level of quality so that they are capable of neutralizing any military threats."
As high of a level of quality as, for example, the nation's nuclear triad, which includes intercontinental and submarine-launched ballistic missiles as well as strategic bombers.
"The state of the nuclear triad that plays a key role in keeping strategic parity was maintained at the proper level," said Putin.
Also on Dec. 22, Trump tweeted that America "must greatly strengthen and expand its nuclear capabilities until such time as the world comes to its senses regarding nukes." He did not elaborate on the context of his tweet.
Since the late 1980s, the U.S., Russia, and other world powers have sought to reduce their nuclear stockpiles, in accordance with several international treaties like the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty of 2010.
But throughout his unconventional campaign, Trump called to update America's nuclear power to keep it on par with Russia and other countries' programs.
"Our nuclear program has fallen way behind, and they've gone wild with their nuclear program," he said during an October presidential debate against former Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, according to CNN. "Not good. Our government shouldn't have allowed that to happen. We are old. We're tired. We're exhausted in terms of nuclear. A very bad thing."

domain: politics


text:
The most embarrassing moment of David Beckham's career?
Over the years 'Brand Beckham' has given us an array of dodgy haircuts and numerous questionable fashion moments - and we're not even talking about Victoria.
There have been a few stand-out red-faced moments during the career of the one time sarong-wearing fashion icon and much-tatooed footballing legend David Beckham.
Sacha Baron Cohen, aka Ali G, prompted one of the former England captain's greatest laugh-out-loud moments when, during an 'interview' with the celebrity couple, who were still getting used to life as a family with baby Brooklyn, he asked Victoria: "How's your little boy's speech coming along?" - to which she replied that things were developing well. He then asked her: "And what about Brooklyn?"
But was that the most embarrassing moment of David Beckham's career?
Another contender for that title emerged this week.
The Beckhams were pressured into having a snog in front of almost 20,000 basketball fans on Tuesday. The couple, who were at the Los Angeles Lakers v Denver Nuggets NBA game, were victims of the LA Lakers' 'Kiss Cam', which shines the spotlight on unsuspecting fans at Lakers' home games.
Cue a very bright shade of red on faces in what has to go down as one of the most cringeworthy moments of the LA Galaxy midfielder's career in the public spotlight.
But don't just take our word for it - judge for yourself by CLICKING HERE to see the Beckhams' embarrassing night in the spotlight.

domain: celebrity


Beyond this, the FDA have become increasingly interested in the functional consequences of blocking the cardiac sodium channel. It is now requesting studies to define the recovery from block and classify drugs according to the Vaughan-Williams scheme (Lei et al., 2018).
In our laboratory we are able to measure recovery from block by automated patch-clamp. The test item is studied alongside quinidine, mexiletine and flecainide which show fast, medium and slow recovery kinetics, respectively.
Experiments are performed at near physiological temperature. These studies are non-GLP but can be used for regulatory submission.


text:
This weekend Somerset House brings online, their Now Play This! festival. The newly virtual festival unites a creative community of makers to explore playful and participatory ways to bring people together through games and play. BOM is all about playful and experimental art and experiences, and we’d like you to cast your mind back to Hacked! Our accessible gaming exhibition at the end of last year. One of the standout exhibits, Mood Pinball* was devised and put together by BOM fellows, Ben Neal, Edie Jo Murray and Harmeet Chagger-Khan, and it was due to be at Somerset House for this weekend’s festival.
The festival kicks off at 2pm this afternoon, and carries on over the weekend (4-5 April) Featuring virtual field trips and an improv comedy game design class, to something that sounds baffling to those of us not currently playing Animal Crossing, the art critics The White Pube will be boarding a Dodo Airlines flight to Animal Crossing for a chat with the creators of Untitled Goose Game, House House. We’re in, see you there!

domain: entertainment


text:
As a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), I am trained to handle some of the most complicated illnesses that horses can develop, ranging from severe gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease to neuromuscular disorders, respiratory impairment and neonatal problems.
Diplomates are typically the veterinarians you are referred to when your horse has a serious or complex disorder that requires more than the basic level of diagnostics and care. Our additional years of training—four or more years beyond veterinary school—prepare us to solve the toughest problems in equine health. As a result, we tend to see many cases of rare and severe equine disease.
In recent group discussions among ACVIM Diplomates, it was clear that an alarmingly high number of cases they see involve complications from tail alterations, which are medical procedures done solely to change the function and position—essentially the appearance—of the tail. Usually done for show ring gain, the most common tail alteration procedures are numbing the tail (“blocking”), nicking one of its tendons or amputating its tip. But their consequences are far more than just cosmetic. Complications resulting from these procedures can cause permanent disfigurement or disability that in some cases lead to death.
Even without complications, tail alteration is cruel because it changes the way a horse can use his tail and sometimes prevents him from using it at all. Tail function is important to equine well-being. In addition to using his tail to swat flies, a horse may clamp it down to protect sensitive, hairless areas from cold winds, and he raises his tail to defecate. A horse’s tail also plays a vital role in equine body language—the ability to raise and swing his tail helps him to fit into a stable, functioning herd.
Because of their negative impact on the horse, practices that alter tail carriage and function for cosmetic or competitive purposes are strongly opposed by many breed associations and veterinary groups, including the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine— Large Animal Internal Medicine (ACVIM–LAIM) and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). Unfortunately, riders and trainers in several disciplines still consider these procedures a necessity for high-level competition, and altered tails are still rewarded in the show ring.
The “quiet tail”
Perhaps the most dangerous tail alteration procedure is tail blocking, which the AVMA defines as “numbing the tail to cause it to hang limply.” This practice is most often performed on horses competing in Western disciplines, such as pleasure or reining classes, where horses are penalized for wringing, raising or moving the tail side to side excessively.
Blocking the tail is not the same as blocking a joint, a procedure done during many lameness examinations. A joint block involves sterile preparation of the site and injection of a sterile local anesthetic, such as lidocaine or mepivacaine, into a joint by a licensed veterinarian. These blocks last for a few hours at maximum, and they carry no long-term effects and a low risk of infection.
In contrast, the technique used to block a tail is to blindly inject ethanol along either side of the bones near the base of the tail, seeking to affect the function of the nerves that activate the muscles controlling movement. Ethanol is very destructive to tissues—it can kill nerve cells and destroy proteins. The effects of a “block” can last four to six months in most horses, but the overall impact of the procedure on a horse depends on numerous factors, including the volume of ethanol used, the location injected and how far or to what tissues the solution eventually migrates. Because tail blocking is considered inhumane and unethical, it is not taught in veterinary schools. Thus, any individual who performs the procedure most likely has had no veterinary training and may have minimal knowledge of the anatomy and function of the tail.
The tail of a horse that has been “blocked” or “deadened” cannot be lifted above the horizontal plane. Many trainers and exhibitors claim that a block still allows a horse to move his tail from side to side, thus allowing him to continue to swish at flies—a belief that makes the procedure acceptable to many people. However, although a few animals may retain this function, many do not and suffer continuously as a result.
This procedure is unpleasant for the horse from the beginning: The very act of injecting alcohol into the tissues is painful. Once the burning sensation of the alcohol has dissipated, far more serious problems can develop. In many cases, the injection for a tail block is not sufficiently sterilized, raising the risk of abscesses or worse—potentially fatal infection with clostridial bacteria commonly found in the environment is a possibility.
What’s more, some of a horse’s basic bodily functions can be adversely affected by a tail block because the nerves and muscles that enable a him to move his tail are intimately associated with those that control the ability to urinate and defecate. The alcohol can also spread through the tissues to reach parts of the spinal cord as well as the nerves that control movement of the horse’s hind limbs, which can cause neurological deficits or even paralysis.
Multiple cases of adverse effects related to tail blocking procedures have been documented in the veterinary literature. Reported complications include permanent nerve damage that leaves a horse unable to completely empty his bladder or rectum. Chronic urine retention can lead to bladder infections and ascending infections of the kidney. Horses who are unable to defecate normally are likely to develop impaction colic that is difficult or impossible to permanently resolve. Animals with chronic urinary or fecal incontinence often must be put down because of persistent colic or the intense care they require. Infection of the vertebral bodies or spinal canal can lead to severe ataxia0 and pain, leaving horses unable to move normally and making them a danger to themselves and their handlers. One must consider whether the loss of the horse’s ability to perform these most basic functions is worth risking for the appearance of a quiet tail in the show ring.
Our group has encountered many owners who were encouraged by their trainers to have a tail block performed with no idea of how devastating the results could be. On numerous equine blogs and online forums, owners say their trainers told them that getting the tail blocked was “nothing” and “people do it all the time.” Some trainers lead their clients to believe that getting the horse’s tail blocked is as necessary and routine as having his feet trimmed or teeth floated. Other posts claim that if the procedure is done “right” there are no real adverse effects aside from the initial discomfort of the injection.
Rules and detection
Blocking tails is against the rules of most major show and breed organ-izations. White hairs, which often develop at the injection sites, are telltale signs that a horse needs to be examined more closely.
Testing protocols for a horse suspected of having a blocked tail involve thorough physical examination of the tail and surrounding structures, assessment of his ability to move the tail and application of specialized electro-diagnostics. When the anus of a horse with a normal, unaltered tail is massaged, the horse lifts the tail above the horizontal plane, and many will lift the tail into a vertical position. Musculature of a normal tail is symmetrical and has no dimples. The muscles around the tail head are likewise symmetrical and free of divots and scar tissue. Also, when a horse tries to raise a tail that has been blocked, it will take on a concave arc instead of the normal convex appearance.
Electromyography (EMG) is the official diagnostic test used by the American Quarter Horse Association (AQHA) to identify destruction of the nervous control of the muscles involved in tail movement. Electromyography involves the insertion of small needles into the muscles around the tail to measure electrical activity. Muscles that have been denervated by an alcohol injection will show spontaneous, disorganized electrical activity. Trained veterinarians use EMG to identify horses with blocked tails at AQHA shows. Any horse whose tail block is confirmed is banned from competition in AQHA-sanctioned events for at least a year—longer if the function of the tail remains abnormal. Despite statements in the AQHA rulebook that specifically prohibit tail blocks, I have found that the procedure is still shockingly common.
Other breed associations involved in Western disciplines discourage the practice but do not clearly ban it. The American Paint Horse Association (APHA) states that, “A judge may, at his discretion, penalize a horse for excessive or exaggerated switching of the tail or for a seemingly “dead” tail that merely dangles between the legs and does not show a normal response.” However, while the APHA rulebook states that “any item or appliance that restricts the movement or circulation of the tail” cannot be utilized while on show grounds, there is no statement barring the practice outside of the show grounds.
The Appaloosa Horse Club (ApHC) states that, “No horse is to be penalized for the manner in which he carries his tail nor for normal response with his tail to cues from his exhibitor or when changing leads.” Unfortunately, despite these statements that imply that tail paralysis is not to be tolerated, there are no specific testing strategies in place to identify horses whose tails have been blocked.
What we can do
Several organizations within the veterinary community, including the ACVIM–LAIM specialists and the AAEP, have been working to raise awareness of tail-altering procedures and to encourage competitors, judges, trainers and other veterinarians to end this appalling practice. While organizations like the AQHA already have strict protocols and penalties in place to prohibit tail altering, we are encouraging others to follow suit.
Unfortunately, these practices have been around for decades, and it likely will take a long-term plan and the involvement of many branches of the equine industry to abolish them. There are few legal statutes in place to protect horses against such inhumane practices, so prosecution is difficult or impossible.
Instead, we need to encourage the horse industry, including individual owners, to take action to begin discouraging this practice at the grassroots level. Here are some ways you can help:
• As a horse owner, educate yourself on all procedures and medications recommended by your trainer or veterinarian. Read any information you can find on websites belonging to veterinary organizations such as the AAEP and AVMA, and talk to other veterinarians not closely involved in your breed or discipline. Remember, you may be held responsible for an inhumane practice, even if it was done without your knowledge. If your trainer recommends a procedure you’re uncomfortable with, heed your instincts and just say “no.”
• If you see something, say something. No, you don’t need to confront other owners. But if you see horses at shows whose tail carriage seems suspicious, have a word with the judges, show officials or anyone in authority who will listen. Practices won’t change until people speak up against the status quo.
• Proper instruction at judges’ education events is essential for dis-continuation of tail alteration. Once abnormal tail carriage is no longer rewarded in the show ring, there will be no need to continue this practice to maintain a competitive edge. Less emphasis needs to be placed on the appearance of a horse’s tail and more on the horse’s performance. Again, associations are more likely to respond to pressure once their own membership starts speaking up.
As with any change to a long-standing practice, stopping people from altering equine tails will likely be a prolonged battle—but it is a necessary one to improve the welfare of our horses. Please join the concerned equine veterinarians in doing your part to end this inhumane, unnecessary and potentially life-threatening procedure.
Sidebar: Tail alteration: docking
Docking the tails of workhorses—amputating the distal bony part of the limb—is an old tradition that was originally performed to keep the tail from getting caught in the harness or equipment. If the horse hooked his tail over a rein and clamped down, for example, the driver could lose control of the team, and it was also done to keep the tails out of the way of farmers who walked close behind plows and other equipment. Today, docking is done mainly in draft breeds, primarily for cosmetic purposes. For the show ring, the appearance of a short tail can be achieved by trimming and/or braiding.
Docking may be done either surgically or by ligature—placing rubber rings or other binders around the end of the tail to cause tissue to die. Surgical removal must be done by a licensed veterinarian in states where the procedure is legal. Pain relating to the procedure itself is not the primary welfare issue; instead the concern is the permanent disfigurement that leaves the horse unable to swat flies or use his tail to communicate.
The docking of equine tails is banned or regulated in 11 U.S. states and many European countries. In New Hampshire, it can be done only by a licensed veterinarian and only after the state veterinarian has granted permission. In some states, tail docking is prohibited unless it is deemed medically necessary and/or of benefit to the horse. In others, it is banned outright.—Kate Hepworth-Warren, DVM, DACVIM
Sidebar: Tail alteration: “nicking”
Tail nicking is primarily seen among American Saddlebreds, Tennessee Walking Horses and other breeds in which a high tail set is desired.
In the nicking procedure, tendons that attach to the underside of the tail are cut to allow the dock to be placed into the desirable upright position by a tail set, which is a harness-like device that holds the tail in place while the injury heals. After a nicked tail has healed, a horse will likely wear a tail set most of the time when he’s not being ridden.
Although many horsepeople think that the nicking of a horse’s tail is harmless—and some horses who have undergone this procedure do retain the ability to move their tails—a number of complications can arise.
The most troubling story of tail nicking gone wrong was published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) in 1992; it describes a 2-year-old Tennessee Walking Horse colt who developed colic and eventually died as a result of having his tail nicked. A postmortem examination of this colt showed that the incisions from the nicking had become infected, and the pus had migrated into the abdominal cavity.
Other reported complications of this procedure include development of wry tail (tail held to one side) or the inability to put the tail down into a normal position.
The United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) implemented a rule for American Saddlebreds that “prohibits tail carriage alteration procedures on foals of birth year 2014 and thereafter.” Additionally, the USEF emphasizes that horses’ tails are not to be kept in any tail-setting device while on show grounds, but it does also state that, “The fact that a horse’s tail has once been set does not exclude participation.”
In the Morgan section of the USEF handbook, more explicit guidelines are in place stating that judges must penalize unnatural tails that have evidence of tail setting, a vertical breakover or wry tail. Conversely, the National Show Horse division has no guide- lines prohibiting or even discouraging tail alterations.—Kate Hepworth-Warren, DVM, DACVIM
This article first appeared in the May 2017 issue (#476) of EQUUS magazine
Don’t miss out! With the free weekly EQUUS newsletter, you’ll get the latest horse health information delivered right to your in basket! If you’re not already receiving the EQUUS newsletter, click here to sign up. It’s *free*!

domain: biology


"It was my preferred entertainment when I was a kid, so when I set out to be a writer, it was perfectly natural that I should write the sort of stories that I used to enjoy reading."
This is effectively a replacement shoulder joint that utilizes some extra space to add a decorative implant, one of the key inventions and ideas from the story.
Transparent Platisplasm Cage-related
Want to Contribute an
Michelin Self-Sealing Tires On Ford's Explorer
'...a seal of compressed plastifoam to save the air.'
Mushroom Eats Plastic, Saves Planet
Fungus Amongus, SaveUs!
Juggalo Face Paint Disrupts Facial Recognition
'... designed to foil facial recognition systems.'
Mojipic Smart Voice Vehicle Emojis
KITT, what's your response?
Unusual Twist On Woman Dates Robot
'My hearing, vision and awareness went along with that excellent imitation of a young Adonis...'
BrainNet Triple Telepathic Gaming Threat
'In the gloomy half-darkness the three idiots sat babbling.'
AVAS Noisemakers Required For EVs By EU
'...a sound tape to supply the noise of a soi-disant "[internal combustion]" engine...'
Pun Generation Via Neural Nets
'You said you wanted him to be able to distinguish between laugh-power in different gags...'
Blood Battery Robotic Fish
'With one fluid motion, it surged forward, plunged, and was gone.'
Lightyear One Solar-Powered Electric Car (Design By Heinlein)
'It drew its power from six square yards of sunpower screens on its low curved roof.'
|Home | Glossary
| Invention Timeline | Category | New | Contact
Us | FAQ | Advertise |
Technovelgy.com - where science meets fiction™
Copyright© Technovelgy LLC; all rights reserved.


text:
for free accommodation or professional pet sitting jobs
The sitter I had booked has cancelled so I am still looking for someone to come and feed my cats, ... View
This site is amazing. I only joined your list of sitters a few days ago and already have my first 'sit' confirmed, having met the owners yesterday. The website itself is impressive, well thought out, easy to use and understand, and full of helpful information. I'm looking forward very much to becoming a regular sitter!
I have a sweet cat called Whisky, he is 15yrs old, He is healthy and does not need ... View
We are looking for a respectful, clean and tidy house sitter to take care of our beautiful ... View
Our members are currently saving thousands every year. It's happening right now. Join in and start saving.
COPYRIGHT © HOUSE SITTERS UK 2021

domain: pet


text:
January 28th, 2022
January 28th, 2022
Fishdom APK & Split APKs [Download]
Table of Contents
Fishdom APK & Split APKs:
Downloading Fishdom APK & Split APKs for Android is easy. It is a match-3 game with a fun, friendly art style. It allows you to interact with fish and build a tank of your own. You can also link your Facebook account to play the game with friends. Once you connect, you can view your friends’ aquariums and compete with them to have the most amazing tanks. You can even choose from a variety of levels, so you can have hours of fun!
Download the Fishdom APK:
To download Fishdom for Android, go to Google Play or the Google Play Store and search for “fish”. Make sure you have at least the Android 4.2 or higher version. The game requires a 3.5-inch screen to play. The app is free to download and will work on any Android device. The game requires an internet connection and a minimum of 5 MB of space. Once downloaded, you must wait until the installation completes.
Features of Fishdom APK:
The game features a variety of puzzles, including puzzles in which you match pieces of different shapes to make a picture. The fish in Fishdom is very smart and will tell you about things related to fish. They will also give you missions and rewards if you complete them. You can even play the game offline if you don’t have a smartphone. The game has over 100 million downloads, and it has a 4.2 rating on Google Play.
In addition to being free, Fishdom is designed for mobile devices. The game teaches speed and accuracy and makes use of your free time. The game features 3 tiers of unique puzzles, different species of fish, and comic character peculiarities. In addition, you can customize the look of your aquarium and make it even more awesome. The gameplay is also highly enjoyable, and it’s a great way to kill a little time while playing the game.
Compatible with Android Phones and Tablets:
As far as compatibility is concerned, Fishdom is available for both Android 4.2 and higher versions of the operating system. Its free version is compatible with all Android phones and tablets. You’ll need to have an internet connection to use the game. It also supports offline gameplay, which is great if you don’t want to be tied to your phone while playing it. Once you’ve downloaded the game, you can play it on your Android tablet, smartphone, or any other compatible device.
Fishdom is a match-three puzzle game that allows you to create beautiful aquariums. It has an interesting interface, and the fish characters are similar to those from animated movies. You’ll also be able to interact with your fishes in this game and feed them to earn trophies. In addition to playing the game, you can also interact with them. You can even help them with tasks, feed them, and watch their interactions.
The game Has an Addictive Nature:
This game has an addictive nature, so you can’t get enough of it. Its fish are extremely smart and can give you missions and rewards. This means that you can enjoy the game even when you’re offline. A good thing about this game is that it’s completely free, and this is a bonus for players of all ages. It’s worth downloading the APK for Android. It’s a must-have for any Android user.
Install the latest Fishdom APK:
This game is easy to install and offers addictive gameplay. Once you download the APK for Android, you’ll find the game’s online multiplayer and offline mode. This game offers over ten million downloads and installations and has three tiers. You can challenge your friends and family to a match-three level. In addition to playing with your friends, you’ll also be interacting with fish in real-life.
Multiplayer game for Android:
If you’re not a fan of multiplayer games, then Fishdom is the game for you. It lets you play with dozens of fish in an underwater world and feed them. You can also interact with them by feeding them and playing with them. Unlike other games, Fishdom allows you to play the game even when you’re offline. The aforementioned benefits of this app can make it a popular download for Android users.

domain: hobby


text: In the present study, the first molecular genetic investigation of dinucleotide (GT)n microsatellite loci in parthenogenetic lizards Darevskia unisexualis was performed. New polymorphic locus, Du214, (GeneBank ac no. EU252542) was identified and characterized in detail. It was demonstrated that allele of this locus differed in the size and structure of microsatellite locus, as well as in point mutations, the combinations of which enabled the isolation of stabile fixed double nucleotide substitutions A-A (alleles 2 and 4) and G-T (alleles 1, 3, 5, and 6). Double nucleotide substitutions described were also identified in the orthlogous loci of the parental species genomes, D. raddei (G-T) and D. valentine (A-A). Based on the analysis of allele distribution pattern at this locus in all populations of parthenospecies D. unisexualis, mathematic model was elaborated and realized. Using this model, frequencies of allelic variants for all populations of the species of interest were calculated and population genetic structure of D. unisexualis was characterized. Genetic contribution of each population to the species gene pool was determined. The data obtained demonstrated that microsatellite variation was one of the factors of clonal and genetic diversity of a parthenospecies.

domain: literature


text:
Perfect toy robot for little makers! In just a few quick steps, turn the 12 toothbrushes, motors, and batteries in the kit into spinning, speeding “bots” that can be customized with the included goofy decals and numbers.
The toothbrush bristles become hundreds of tiny legs that makes BrushBots moving on their way. Also included in the pack – a BrushBot mini-comic, instructions on how to build a racetrack, and a MAKE pin to hand out to race winners or creators of the wackiest bot.
12 colorful toothbrushes
12 micro pager motors
12 coin cell batteries
6 sticky pads
Buy BrushBot Party Pack from Pakronics:


text:
Hartley County, Texas: Land, Ranches, Farms & more
2,400 acres Dalhart, TX2400.00 acres #1 South Park, Dalhart, TX 75141- Hartley County
LOCATION Dalhart, Texas is located in the northwest corner of the Texas Panhandle and is known as the Cross Roads of Cow Country. Two major highways crisscross this portion of the panhandle, Highway 54 and Highway 87, along with the completion of two railroads crisscrossing in the early 1900s. The city was built on the county lines of Dallam and Hartley Counties, hence the name Dalhart. This is a very progressive agriculture area with large ranches and farms producing cattle and crops. The most popular crops for this area would be corn, wheat, and varying types of silage for the feedlot and dairy industries. Numerous feedyards call this area home providing for jobs as well as a market for crops. In the mid 2000s, California-based
JW Ross United Country AltaTerra Realty and Auction, LLC.
2,400 acres Dalhart, TX2400.00 acres Dalhart, TX 79022- Hartley County
The Graff Farm is comprised of 2,400 acres situated in the northwest corner of the Texas Panhandle, located in Hartley County. This is a center pivot irrigated farm broken up into three full sections and an additional 480 acres in another section. The farm is situated about 6.5 miles south of Dalhart, Texas with parts of the farm being on both sides of Highway 87. Although the farm does not sit next to the highway, it is easily accessible along well maintained county roads with some of the access being paved. Listing Broker License #9000813.
Bart Miller Mason Morse Ranch Company
2,560 acres Dumas, TX2560.00 acres Dumas, TX 79029- Hartley County
This nice contiguous farm is located in Hartley and Moore Counties. There are 2,000 +/- acres of irrigated farmland and the balance in dryland farmland. The farm is currently set up to be a corn wheat farm, but can easily be converted to a cotton or silage farm depending on the needs of the farmer. There are two new mile Valley sprinklers, two older Reinke sprinklers and an 88 acre center pivot in the middle of the farm. The farm has all the water lines tied together so a person can move water to any sprinkler desired. There are 14 irrigation wells producing 4,800 gallons per minute. All the irrigation motors have been re-worked or purchased new in the past two years. This property is currently leased with one year remaining in the l
Bryan Clift Clift Land Brokers
332.6 acres Channing, TX332.60 acres 5290 State HWY 354, Channing, TX 79018- Hartley County
238 acres of native grass plus 94 acres of CRP in the Conservation Reserve Program coming out in 2020. Approximately 34 miles North of Amarillo on hwy 287 exit Four-Way and go 9 miles west on State Hwy 354. Property is on South side of 354. Has two barns and a set of pens. Great for grazing or break-out into farmland. Land lays flat.
JT Haynes Triangle Realty, LLC

domain: agronomy


text:
The birdie says: HQPTL, in-joke abbreviation between me and Fred.
I love the white stone and this one is from Lombok, I brought it when we last visited the island back in May. I'm not sure why, but I found myself more in a mood to paint when the weather is colder, which is the kind of weather lately here. There were days when it was raining sooo heavily and I was like 'yeah, where's my watercolor kit' lol.
This is the first time I used acrylic paint from tubes to paint pebble instead of the usual acrylic ink. I must say I like it better than acrylic ink to cover large area, it's easier to apply.

domain: geography


Cristiano Ronaldo was again unable to take part in Real Madrid training on Wednesday, raising fears that the reigning Ballon d'Or holder could miss Saturday's La Liga Clasico against Barcelona.
A club statement read: "Cristiano Ronaldo worked separately from the group, while Luca [Modric] also trained alone out on the pitch as he continues his recovery process."
Zinedine Zidane's reigning champions go into the fixture 11 points behind current La Liga leaders Barca, although with one game fewer played, making a win crucial if they are to have any realistic chance of retaining their crown.
Speaking after his match-winning performance in Saturday's FIFA Club World Cup final in Abu Dhabi, Ronaldo admitted to having felt some pain in his calf following a crunching foul by Gremio captain Geromel early in that game, but said he was sure he would recover in time for the weekend's huge clash at the Bernabeu.
"I felt an issue in my calf in the second half, but I kept playing," he said after the match. "For sure on Saturday I will be fine."
The 32-year-old did not then take part with his teammates in the team's first session of the week on Tuesday at Valdebebas, and was again absent the following morning, with Madrid not having issued any specific update on the calf problem or any other potential injury.
Seguimos preparando el partido contra el Barcelona pic.twitter.com/VfiONM61OV— Real Madrid C.F. (@realmadrid) December 20, 2017
The club statement added that Karim Benzema had returned to group training after missing the previous day's session.
"Real Madrid were in training again as they continue to prepare for El Clasico," the statement said. "The Whites continued to fine tune details ahead of Saturday's game against Barcelona (1pm CET), where they will look to end the five-title winning year with a victory in front of their fans. Zidane called up academy players [Alvaro] Tejero, Moha and [Diego] Altube for the session. The main focus of the session was ball work at a high intensity. Benzema joined the group as they carried out different possession and pressing exercises and played several matches in small spaces."
Gareth Bale has come through his return to action at the Club World Cup with no apparent ill-effects, meaning the Wales international is available on Saturday for what could be his first start in any game since late September.
Dermot Corrigan is a Madrid-based football writer who covers La Liga and the Spain national team for ESPN FC. Follow him on Twitter @dermotmcorrigan
Source : http://www.espnfc.com/real-madrid/story/3318293/real-madrids-cristiano-ronaldo-misses-second-day-of-pre-clasico-training604


A privately built rocket prototype that could lead to a completely reusable spaceflight system has passed its biggest test yet — a 12-story hop and smooth landing.
The experimental reusable rocket, called the Grasshopper, made its highest and longest flight yet on Dec. 17, marking the prototype's third successful test by the private spaceflight company SpaceX.
In the latest test at SpaceX's proving grounds in MacGregor, Texas, the Grasshopper rocket flew for 29 seconds and reached a height of more than 130 feet (40 meters). A video of the Grasshopper test flight shows the rocket soaring up into the Texas sky, then smoothly descending to land on four spindly legs.
In mid-November, the Grasshopper rocket flew nearly two stories (17.7 feet or 5.4 meters) up during its second test flight. The rocket's debut flight in September flew 6 feet (1.8 meters) into the air before landing. So far, all of the prototype's tests have been successful.
With Grasshopper, SpaceX is trying to solve a long-standing challenge with spaceflight: cost. Because today's rockets aren't completely reusable, they act as expensive, one-use machines. Companies are now trying to develop rockets that can both launch from and land on Earth intact, in order to be flown again on future missions.
Grasshopper stands at 10 stories tall (108 feet, 32.9 meters) and houses the first stage of the Falcon 9 rocket, the same rocket that launched the Dragon capsule to the International Space Station earlier this year. A Merlin 1D engine and a steel support structure round out the Grasshopper's unique design.
The rocket takes off like a typical vertically launched rocket, but its landing method makes it unique. Grasshopper has four steel, springy legs to support its weight, allowing it to gently land in the same way it takes off.
A rocket has never successfully landed intact after being launch to space. While NASA's space shuttles were reusable after launch, the huge 15-story external tanks that helped them reach orbit were not recycled.
SpaceX ultimately envisions using three recyclable components for future space travel: a rocket second stage, a rocket first stage, and a cone-shaped capsule.
While most rockets today land in the ocean after reaching space, a land-based landing is preferred for this hardware. Brackish seawater can cause unnecessary damage to otherwise reusable pieces of a rocket. Each piece of the rocket will land separately so that they can be collected for later use. The two rocket stages' landings will be aided by their engines and the capsule's descent should be cushioned by a parachute.
The Hawthorne, Calif.-based SpaceX is one of several companies developing new vehicles for private space travel. The company is one of two firms with NASA contracts to provide unmanned cargo deliveries to the International Space Station. SpaceX's $1.6 billion deal with NASA calls for 12 cargo missions to the space station using the company's unmanned Dragon capsule and Falcon 9 rockets.
SpaceX is also developing a manned version of its Dragon capsule and is one of several firms competing for NASA contracts to ferry astronauts to and from low-Earth orbit.


text:
"It's a shame. It's a sad situation," the pro card shark tells E! News of her fellow competitor on season two of The Celebrity Apprentice. "If what's being said is true, I certainly don't approve of it.
"Nobody wants to see that kind of devastation."
Duke made the remarks at her eponymous Texas Hold 'Em Poker Tournament to Benefit the 1736 Family Crisis Center on Saturday in Los Angeles. Other celebs in attendance included Shanna Moakler, Shannon Elizabeth, Sara Rue and castmembers of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills.
While Duke notes Sandra Bullock wasn't present during filming of The Celebrity Apprentice in 2009, she says she never sensed that he had other women on the side.


text:
NewsBTC | Bitcoin news, price, information & analysisCheck the Bitcoin market cap, top trading ideas and forecasts.News, the Bitcoin community, innovations, the general environment.
Bitcoin.com | Bitcoin News and Technology SourceWatch live Bitcoin to Dollar charts, follow BTCUSD prices in real-time and get historical data.
Bitcoin Kurs (@bitcoinpreis) | Twitter
Bitcoin Price (BTC USD): Get all information on the Bitcoin to US-Dollar Exchange Rate including Charts, News and Realtime Price.Get started with Bitcoin: find a wallet, buy bitcoin, shop with bitcoin, read bitcoin news, and get involved on the forum. on Bitcoin.com.
Bitcoin Forum - Index - Bitcointalk Forum
BTCUSD — Bitcoin Chart and Price — TradingViewIt is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator.
Get Bitcoin Diamond price, charts, and other cryptocurrency info.
Bitcoin - WikipediaIn this video we will talk about Bitcoin.Latest Dna by Sudhir Chaudhary Zee News.Bitcoin Cash Pulled Down by Big Brother Bitcoin investors must be wondering what needs to happen for Bitcoin Cash to.Bitcoin Forum is a community of developers, academics, and entrepreneurs dedicated to promoting and improving Bitcoin.
Exchange rate database, query exchange rates values by date or range of dates.Moon Bitcoin merupakan salah satu tempat mencari Bitcoin yang.
Bitcoin ForumRead the latest news about Bitcoin to learn more about the most popular cryptocurrency. After analyzing 17 leading crypto exchanges,.
Coinroom | Home page
What was the highest Bitcoin price in history? – Quora
Kraken | Buy, Sell and Margin Trade Bitcoin (BTC) andCryptocurrencies exchange and market: Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Litecoin, Dash, Ethereum, Monero, Zcoin, Pivx, Zcash, Lisk, Viacoin, Burst, Ethereum Classic, Vertcoin.Find out what your expected return is depending on your hash rate and electricity cost.
Buy, sell and margin trade Bitcoin (BTC) and Etherum (ETH) in exchange with EUR, USD, CAD, GBP, and JPY.Bitcoin investors must be wondering what needs to happen for Bitcoin Cash to get out from the shadows of Bitcoin.

domain: finance


In honor of Veteran’s Day – give your story to the National Archives
The Veterans History Archival Institute and Stanton Homes invite you to add your military experience to the National Archives
If you or a family member have served in our nation’s Armed Forces, we want everyone to hear it, as part of our nation’s
historical collection. Come out and have your legacy recorded for your family, your friends, and our National Archives.
The interviews are free, and you get to keep copies of your recording for yourself and your family members.
We’d like to talk with WWII, Korea, Vietnam, Gulf War, Afghanistan, Iraq War veterans – and anyone who has served our country in the armed forces, whether or not in time of war.
Make sure that what you’ve done for all of us can be heard forever
“Even many family members are unaware of what their fathers and mothers did to make the history we live in today,”
said Dave Milidonis, Director and founder of the National Veterans History Archival Institute and a third-generation Veteran.
“Our WWII veterans are passing away at a rate of 1600 per day and we don’t want their stories going to the grave with them.”
Veterans – Preserve Your Historical Accounts for Future Generations
In an effort to capture as many first-person stories as possible, Stanton Homes and the National Veterans History Archival
Institute are working together to further the Veterans History Project initiated by Congress in 2000.
How It Works
A staff of volunteers, mostly veterans themselves, ask basic questions about the time period in which you served. You can share as much as you feel comfortable. A recording will be made of the session, with free copies available for the veteran and family members.
Why Your Stories Need to Be Told
“Veterans have a sense of duty that goes beyond self. Most veterans will gladly tell their story, if they would just be asked,”
said Milidonis. “We’re asking now.”
“We want to make sure we are still able to capture all the rich historical accounts that need to be told,” said Stan Williams,
CEO of Stanton Homes.
“We want to pass your story along into infamy, so everyone in the country has access to what real people did out there to serve
our nation - beyond what we read in history books that rarely capture everyday events and insights.”
In the eight years since its inception, only 55,000 historical accounts have reached the Library of Congress.
This represents less than 0.3% of the total veteran population.
Milidonis founded the National Veterans History Archival Institute, a volunteer organization based in Cary, NC, to help preserve records and memories of former Armed Forces members in the Raleigh area. The group is dedicated to recording the stories of wartime Veterans as well as those who have served in peacetime, at no cost to any Veteran or their family.
Details and Directions
Reserve a time for you or a family member by calling 919-449-5440.
About the National Veterans History Archival Institute
There are over 20 million veterans living in the United States today, and every day we lose 1,600 of them. Motivated by the urgent need to collect the stories and experiences of veterans while they are still among us, the United States Congress created the Veterans History Project. As a collecting partner, the NVHAI is serving under Public Law 106-380 to collect and preserve audio- and video-oral histories, along with documentary materials such as letters, diaries, maps, photographs, and home movies of America’s veterans and those who served in support of them.
Find out more at http://veteranshistoryinstitute.org/, or email Dave Milidonis at email@example.com.
Click here to read about the “Stanton Homes® for Heroes” military discount program.


text:
Population snapshot of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive strains isolated from a Hungarian hospital
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials volume 21, Article number: 3 (2022)
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the genetic background of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive isolates obtained from a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary.
Between October–November 2018, all invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were collected from Central Hospital of Southern Pest. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the EUCAST guidelines. The possible clonal relationships were investigated by core genome (cg)MLST (SeqSphere +) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of isolates obtained from Illumina 251-bp paired-end sequencing. From WGS data acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes and replicon types were retrieved using ResFinder3.1, PlasmidFinder2.1, pMLST-2.0, VirulenceFinder2.0 and Virulence Factors Database online tools.
Overall, six E. coli isolates proved to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and ESBL-producers in the study period. Full genome sequence analysis showed that five E. coli isolates belonged to the ST131 clone: two to C1-M27 subclade with blaCTX-M-27 and three to C2/H30Rx subclade with blaCTX-M-15. One isolate belonged to ST1193 with blaCTX-M-27. According to cgMLST, all C2/H30Rx isolates formed a cluster (≤ 6 allele differences), while the blaCTX-M-27-producing C1-M27 isolates differed at least 35 alleles from each other. Both C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 ST131 isolates harbored similar antimicrobial resistance gene sets. However, only C2/H30Rx isolates had the qnrB and aac(3)-IIa. The isolates carried similar extraintestinal virulence gene set but differed in some genes encoding siderophores, protectins and toxins. Moreover, only one C2/H30Rx isolate carried salmochelin siderophore system and showed virotype B. All isolates showed resistance against ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin, and the C2/H30Rx isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and ceftazidime.
Out of six ESBL-producing E. coli, five belonged to the ST131 clone. This study indicates, that the C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 subclades of the ST131 appear to be the dominant clones collected in a Hungarian hospital.
Recently, among the most worrying multidrug resistant bacteria the burden of disease caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli increased the most, in terms of the number of infections and the number of deaths in Europe . Its global spread is associated with the sequence type 131 (ST131) high-risk clonal group. Members of ST131 are primarily extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) harbor various virulence genes that allow them to cause severe extraintestinal infections, including bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and neonatal meningitis .
E. coli ST131 high-risk clones connected with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production and fluoroquinolone resistance causing multidrug-resistant infections belong to the most prevalent clade C associated with fimH30. Within C/H30, two subclades were emerging in the 2000s: C1/H30R subclade with fluoroquinolone resistance (FQ-R) and C2/H30Rx subclade with blaCTX-M-15, and FQ-R [3, 4]. In the late 2000s, C1-M27 clade with blaCTX-M-27 of C1/H30R became dominant in Asia and showed global distribution like the C2/H30Rx did before . The expansion of the C1 and C2 subclades was driven by the acquisition of CTX-M genes containing IncF plasmids which evolve with the clone. The F2:A1:B- plasmid carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene is associated with the C2/H30Rx subclade and the blaCTX-M-27 encoding F1:A2:B20 plasmid is associated with the C1-M27 subclade [5, 6]. The other recently emerging high-risk clones among ESBL-producing E. coli are ST10, ST38, ST69, ST155, ST315, ST405, ST410, ST648, and ST1193 [7,8,9,10].
Previous studies have shown that the proportion of third-generation cephalosporin-resistance among invasive E. coli has risen in Hungary from 5.1% in 2006 to 22.6% in 2018 [11, 12]. However, there are few data available on the incidence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant invasive E. coli from Hungary, and its genomic epidemiology and no prospective study was made before.
This study was designed to determine the incidence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant invasive E. coli collected from a Hungarian hospital; and to perform genomic typing of these isolates in order to characterize their genetic background.
Central Hospital of Southern Pest National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases is a tertiary-care hospital in Budapest, Hungary, with a capacity of approximately 1400 beds. Between October–November 2018, all invasive consecutive non-duplicate clinical isolates of ESBL-producing E. coli were collected in the Central Hospital of Southern Pest. An isolate was considered invasive if it has been isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid .
Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
The culturing from clinical samples, the preliminary antibiotic susceptibility tests and the identification of isolates were performed in the clinical microbiological laboratory of the hospital. All isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI Biotyper, Bruker, Bremen, Germany).
The ability of ESBL-production were determined by Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for all isolates. The DDST confirmation test was performed by the “ESβL Detection Disc Set” (MAST Diagnostica, Reinfeld, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instruction.
The antibiotic susceptibility test of putative ESBL-producing isolates was performed to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, fosfomycin, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline, ertapenem by MIC Test Strips (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy); and to imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, colistin by broth microdilution and interpreted using EUCAST guidelines (EUCAST v_8.0; , EUCAST v_11.0 ). Changes have been made between the clinical breakpoints of EUCAST v_8.0 (valid in 2018) and the current EUCAST guideline v_11.0. The results were interpreted according to both versions. The clinical breakpoints for interpretation are shown in the Table 1.
The susceptibility tests were performed using Mueller Hinton Agar (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California, USA) and the cultures were incubated at temperatures of 35–37 °C for 16–20 h.
The incidence rate or incidence density of invasive infection caused by E. coli were calculated per 1000 hospital admissions or 1000 patient–days, respectively.
The DNA extraction from the bacterial cultures was performed with the DNeasy UltraClean Microbial Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instruction. Genomic DNA analysis of the isolates was performed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina MiSeq 251-bp paired-end sequencing. Raw data were processed by Ridom SeqSphere + and assembly was performed using Velvet 1.1.04 . The quality of the sequencing of a given sample was accepted if the genome quality indicators of the assembly were: N50 > 100 kb, approximated assembled genome size: 5 ± 0.3 Mb and average depth of sequencing coverage at least 50-fold. The possible clonal relationships were investigated by core genome (cg)MLST (SeqSphere +). Cluster type (CT) for E. coli was defined as isolates attributed to the same clone with ≤ 10 differing alleles (CT threshold) within a group. The ST131 isolates were compared to three international ST131 E. coli genomes (C1-M27: EC81009  and H105 , C2/H30Rx: JJ2434 ) obtained from GenBank, to reveal the relatedness to the subclades of the ST131 clone. The replicon types were retrieved using PlasmidFinder2.1 and pMLST-2.0  online tools at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE, http://genomicepidemiology.org/). In order to determine sequence similarity (coverage and identity), the isolates were aligned to the pEC-81009 (125.7 Kb, Group 1 replicon: IncFII_1, IncFIA_2, IncFIB_20), to the uk_P46212 plasmid (143.7 Kb, Group 2 of replicon: IncFII_2, IncFIA_1) and pU1 (F1:A1:B16) reference plasmid sequences . The reads were trimmed (the quality threshold of 30 reads was filtered for a window of 20 bases based on filtering) and mapped to the reference plasmid sequences by BWA (SeqSphere +) and the mapped sequences were analyzed by BLASTn. The pEC-81009 (C1 clades reference plasmid, Group 1 of replicon: IncF[F1:A2:B20]; CP021180), the uk_P46212 plasmid (C2 clades reference plasmid, Group 2 of replicon: IncF[F2:A1:B-]; CP013657), and the pU1 (MK295825) reference plasmid sequences, and their terminologies and definitions were obtained from a meta-analysis of Kondratyeva et al. , and the GenBank. The presence of the M27PP1 prophage-like region characteristic was investigated by comparing it with the M27PP1 prophage-like region sequences of KUN5781 . From WGS data the acquired antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using ResFinder3.1  CGE online tool. The online analysis was performed with the default settings of 30% of the identity threshold and 20% of minimum length overlap. The presence of gene was accepted when the identity and coverage were > 90% identified.
Virulence factor genes were retrieved using VirulenceFinder2.0  and Virulence Factors Database (VFDB ) online tools. The virotypes A to D of the ST131 isolates were assigned according to the scheme developed according to Blanco et al. : virotype A (afa positive, iroN negative, ibeA negative, sat positive or negative), virotype B (afa negative, iroN positive, ibeA negative, sat positive or negative), virotype C (afa negative, iroN negative, ibeA negative, sat positive), and virotype D (afa negative, iroN positive or negative, ibeA positive, sat positive or negative).
The raw reads are available on the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under the BioProject number PRJNA683640.
Twenty-five E. coli were isolated from haemoculture in the study period. Six from 25 isolates (24%) proved to be resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and were obtained from patients with bloodstream infection. The incidence density and the incidence rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were 0.11 per 1,000 patient-days and 0.79 per 1,000 hospital admission, respectively. The phenotypic detection tests showed that all of them were ESBL-producer. Out of the six isolates collected from the Central Hospital of Southern Pest, two isolates originated from the Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation ward, two from the Infectious Diseases ward, one from the Intensive Care Unit and the last one from the 1st Internal Medicine ward. The median age of the patients was 70 years (range 38–90), and the sex ratio was 1:1.
According to the both EUCAST guideline versions the isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ciprofloxacin but remained susceptible to colistin, fosfomycin, ceftazidime-avibactam, and carbapenems (Table 1). The Ec1, Ec2, and Ec3 showed resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin, and tobramycin too. Among several revised clinical breakpoints of investigated antibiotics only the change of tigecycline breakpoints has affected the susceptibility interpretations of our isolates.
The whole-genome sequencing and genome assembly results met all quality requirements for all isolates. The assembled draft genome size of the isolates was 5 325 328 bp for Ec1, 5 309 727 bp for Ec2, 5 298 859 bp for Ec3, 5 041 503 bp, for Ec4, 5 070 035 bp for Ec5 and 5 115 835 bp for Ec6.
The six ESBL-producing E. coli isolates could be assigned to two different sequence types (ST) by MLST. Of the six isolates, five (Ec1-Ec5) belonged to the globally dominant ST131 clone (O25:H4 serotype), which comprised two distinguished groups of strains with different characteristics. The first group contains two isolates with blaCTX-M-15 and one isolate with blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B while the two other isolates harbored blaCTX-M-27 ESBL-genes. The remaining isolate belonged to the ST1193 with blaCTX-M-27. Analysis of genetic relatedness between the strains was performed by cgMLST. The five ST131 isolates were compared to one C2/H30Rx (JJ2434) and two C1-M27 (H105, EC81009) international ST131 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, to determine the subclade-specific relatedness of the isolates within the ST131 (Fig. 1). The JJ2434 isolate and the three CTX-M-15-producing isolates (named the first group below) belonged ST131 C2/H30Rx subclade. The H105 and EC81009 isolates with the two CTX-M-27-producing isolates from this study belonged to the ST131 C1-M27 subclade. The Ec4 and Ec5 harboured exclusively the C1-M27 clade-specific M27PP1 prophage-like genomic island.
According to cgMLST (Fig. 2), all the three Hungarian ST131 E. coli isolates producing blaCTX-M-15 formed a close cluster (≤ 6 allele differences), while the C1-M27 isolates producing blaCTX-M-27 differed at 35 alleles from each other. The ST1193 isolates showed ≥ 2209 allele differences from any others.
The isolates of each group belonged to ST131 harboured very similar resistance gene sets. The characteristics of resistome and plasmid replicon types of the isolates are shown in Table 2. Although, there are some differences between the two ST131 subclades in terms of resistance genes like the qnrB (FQR) and aac(3)-IIa (aminoglycoside-R) which were present only in C2/H30Rx isolates. The ST1193 isolate harboured L416F mutation in parE, and also had no qnrB and aac(3)-IIa genes. Three plasmid families were detected: IncF, IncQ, and Col-like. The IncF replicons were present in every isolate, but only the C1-M27 ST131 isolates (Ec4, Ec5) carried the Group1 replicons (IncFII_1, IncFIA_2, IncFIB_20). The coverage of the Group1 (F1:A1:B20) reference plasmid by the reads of Ec4 and Ec5 was 96%, and 72%, respectively (Table 3). None of the C2/H30Rx isolates (Ec1-Ec3) co-harboured the two reference replicons of Group2 (IncFII_2, IncFIA_1). The Ec2 did not carry any IncFIA replicon but carried the IncFII_2 replicon. The coverage of the Group2 (F2:A1:B-) reference plasmid by the reads of Ec1, Ec2, and Ec3 was 70%, 47%, and 70%, respectively. The reads of Ec1 and Ec3 covered pU1 plasmid to a higher breadth compared to Group2 reference (≥ 91% vs. 70%). The ST1193 isolates harbored IncFII_4-like, IncF1A_1, IncFIB_10, and the repCol156, and repCol(BS512) replicons. The Col(pHAD28), Col156, and Col8282 replicons were at least present in one of the ST131 isolates.
Table 4 shows the virulence gene sets and corresponding virotype. The virulome of the isolates belonged to ST131 showed high similarities. These isolates belonged to two virotypes: B and C. Four ST131 isolates (Ec1, Ec3-5) showed virotype C and the Ec2 ST131 isolate showed virotype B. The Ec2 carried 63 virulence genes while the other isolates (including the ST1193 isolate) carried 57 ± 1 virulence genes. Difference was found between the iron uptake genes (Ec2 carried exclusively the iroB,iroC, iroD, iroE, iroN genes) and several toxin genes.
In our study, the incidence density of invasive infection caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli was 0.11 per 1,000 patient-days and the incidence rate was 0.79 per 1,000 hospital admission. There are no previous data on the incidence of third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli invasive infections in Hungary.
De Kraker et al. investigated changes in the trends of blood stream infections for major bacterial pathogens by analysing the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System database between 2002–2008. In 2008 the average incidence density of invasive infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli was 0.03/1,000 patient-days in Europe. There was significant difference in incidence density between northern region and southern region of Europe: 0.002/1,000 patient-days and 0.06/1,000 patient-days, respectively. In the eastern region of Europe (including Hungary) the incidence density was similar to the average (0.02/1,000 patient-days) . These findings supported by investigation of Martelius et al. where the incidence density was 0.008/1,000 patient-days in 17 Finnish acute care hospitals  and investigation of De Angelis et al. where the incidence density was 0.1/1,000 patient-days in a teaching hospital in Rome, Italy  in similar period. The incidence density found in our study has increased significantly compared to incidence density found in eastern region of Europe in 2008 and became similar to that in the study from Rome.
In our study, six from the 25 E. coli isolates (24%) proved to be third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and ESBL-producer. In 2010, Pál T. et al. found 26 ESBL-producers among 117 E. coli isolates (22.2%) from bloodstream infections collected in three university hospitals in Hungary between March and November 2010, where nine of them belonged to ST131 clone carrying exclusively blaCTX-M-15 . The rate of ESBL-producer E. coli was similar in our study, however, the rate of ST131 was higher (83.3 vs. 34.6%). Furthermore, in our study two of the five isolates harbouring blaCTX-M-27 gene belonged to the C1-M27 subclade. The first ESBL-producing invasive E. coli isolates belonged to the C1-M27 subclade were detected in 2015 in Hungary (unpublished data, the National Public Health Center). In 2018, according to an observational study of Jánvári et al., 44.6% (75/168) of invasive ESBL-producing E. coli isolates investigated at the National Public Health Center belonged to the ST131 clone, where the ratio of C2/H30Rx and C1-M27 was 1 to 0.8 .
In this study, ST131, including the C1-M27 (2 isolates) and the C2/H30Rx subclades (3 isolates) proved to be the dominant multidrug-resistant E. coli clone in invasive infections. The three ST131 C2/H30Rx isolates formed a relatively close cluster (≤ 6 allele differences), and this could suggest an undetected outbreak affected two hospital wards (Infectious Diseases ward, 1st Internal Medicine ward). However, based on the results of plasmid replicon analysis it was unlikely.
All isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. The isolates with CTX-M-15 ESBL were resistant to ceftazidime, while the CTX-M-27 expressing isolates remained susceptible, probably because these enzymes hydrolyze ceftazidime poorly. Moreover, the C2/H30Rx isolates showed resistance to tobramycin and gentamicin probably because they have AAC(3)-IIa aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme .
We found one isolate that belonged to the emerging ST1193 global high-risk clone . To the best of our knowledge, this study revealed for the first time the presence of the ST1193 E. coli in Hungary. This clone has been widely spread in Asia [31, 32]. The ST1193 was the second most frequent ST (23.7% of 99 isolates) after ST131 (37.3%) among ciprofloxacin-resistant invasive E. coli isolates in the Tertiary Care University Hospital in Korea . In Europe, it has been described in Germany where the rate of ESBL-producing E. coli ST1193 was 0.6% (3/495) among all E. coli infections . In a South-West England study, 11 of 836 E. coli from urine samples belonged to ST1193 .
It has been known that the narrow-host-range IncF type plasmids have been evolved along with fluoroquinolone-resistant ST131 H30 clades. The F2:A1:B- plasmid is associated with the C2/H30Rx subclade, whereas the F1:A2:B20 plasmid is strongly associated with the C1/H30R subclade . The presence of Col-like plasmids has been reported also in ST131, and in ST1193 E. coli clones, however, the exact role of these plasmids is not clear . In our study, each of the isolates had various Inc-type (F, Q) replicons and except Ec5, they had a Col-type (pHAD28, BS512, 156, 8282) replicons as well. The C1-M-27 isolates carried the Group1 plasmid replicons (IncFII_1, IncFIA_2, IncFIB_20) and the reads of Ec4 isolate covered the Group1 reference plasmid to a higher breadth compared to Ec5 (96 vs. 72%). The C2/H30Rx isolates did not co-encode together the standard Group2 plasmid replicons (IncFII_2, IncFIA_1). The reads of Ec1 and Ec3 shared 70% coverage with F2:A1:B- Group2 plasmid and Ec2 shared 47%. Ec1 and Ec3 had identical replicons to the pU1 plasmid (pMLST: F1:A1:B16) . The coverage of pU1 by Ec1 and Ec3 reads was 91 and 92%, respectively. These findings suggest that these two isolates harbored a similar plasmid like the pU1. The ST1193 isolate had different replicons (IncFII_4-like, IncFIB_10) than in Group1 and Group2 plasmids.
It is not completely understood, which key factors determine the successful dissemination of the ST131 C2/H30Rx and C1/H30R (C1-M27) clones worldwide, besides the antibiotic genes, but the virulence armament probably has an important part in it. The ST131 extraintestinal E. coli isolates have a wide range of virulence-coding genes, including adhesins, invasines, iron-uptake factors, protectins, toxins that enable them to bind to the host cells, invade the host tissues and avoid host defense systems [36, 37]. Several studies concerned that there are differences in the content of the ST131 virulence factors, and only a few virulence genes were consistently identified in all strains. The content can vary with their virotypes . We identified 56–63 virulence-associated genes in our ExPEC isolates. Among the virulence set we found, some virulence genes were associated with ST131 isolates, like sat, iha, iucD, ompT, usp [38,39,40]. The ST1193 isolate also carried the sat, iha, vat, iutA, usp which were associated with ST1193 isolate [30, 32, 41]. The isolates carried siderophores which enable them to survive in a low-iron condition: aerobactin (iucABCD), yersiniabactin (irp2), and the Ec2 isolate also carried the salmochelin (iroBCDEN) operon. The Ec2 showed virotype B, while the other isolates of both subclades of ST131 showed virotype C. The global disseminated virotype C has been described as the most prevalent E. coli ST131 virotype [24, 42]. There is only a few data in the literature about significancy of the ST131 isolate with virotype B [24, 43]. Blanco et al. found that virotype B was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of symptomatic infection compared to virotype C .
It has been described that ST131 clones can transmit among human and animal hosts . Based on a study from Israel, the CTX-M-27-producing ST131 subclones had a higher transmission rate than CTX-M-15- producing ST131 subclones . At this number of isolates, we cannot estimate if the selection effect of the antibiotic consumption influences the dissemination of the ST131 subclades, especially the third-generation cephalosporins, because it needs further investigation.
This study has several limitations, like small sample size and a two months time limit. However, it gives an insight into the incidence and genomic characteristics of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in a Hungarian hospital. It highlights the dominance of the ST131 clones and the C1-M27 and C2/H30Rx subclone in invasive infections. Although, further national studies are needed with a larger collection of isolates belonging to the two subclades to determine the possible factors (virulence, antibiotic resistance) that can influence their dissemination.
Availability of data and materials
The data set supporting the results of this article are included within the article.
Core genome multilocus sequence typing
European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Multilocus sequence typing
Sequence Read Archive
Virulence Factors Database
Cassini A, Högberg LD, Plachouras D, Quattrocchi A, Hoxha A, Simonsen GS, et al. Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19:56–66.
Smith JL, Fratamico PM, Gunther NW. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2007;4:134–63.
Pitout JDD, DeVinney R. Escherichia coli ST131: a multidrug-resistant clone primed for global domination. F1000Res. 2017;6:1–7.
Mathers AJ, Peirano G, Pitout JDD. The role of epidemic resistance plasmids and international high- risk clones in the spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28:565–91.
Johnson TJ, Danzeisen JL, Youmans B, Case K, Llop K, Munoz-Aguayo J, et al. Separate F-type plasmids have shaped the evolution of the H 30 subclone of Escherichia coli sequence type 131. MSphere. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00121-16.
Kondratyeva K, Salmon-Divon M, Navon-Venezia S. Meta-analysis of pandemic Escherichia coli ST131 plasmidome proves restricted plasmid-clade associations. Sci Rep. 2020;10:1–11.
Peirano G, Van Der Bij AK, Gregson DB, Pitout JDD. Molecular epidemiology over an 11-year period (2000 to 2010) of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli causing bacteremia in a centralized Canadian region. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:294–9.
Roer L, Overballe-Petersen S, Hansen F, Schønning K, Wang M, Røder BL, et al. Escherichia coli sequence type 410 is causing new international high-risk clones. MSphere. 2018;3:e00337-e418.
Baquero F, Tedim AP, Coque TM. Antibiotic resistance shaping multi-level population biology of bacteria. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:1–15.
Schaufler K, Semmler T, Wieler LH, Trott DJ, Pitout J, Peirano G, et al. Genomic and Functional Analysis of Emerging Virulent and Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Lineage Sequence Type 648. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63:1–12.
Tóth Á, Juhász-Kaszanyitzky É, Mag T, Hajbel-Vékony G, Pászti J, Damjanova I. Characterization of extended-spectrum β -lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from animal and human clinical samples in Hungary in 2006–2007. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 2013;60:175–85.
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2018. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 8.0, 2018. http://www.eucast.org [Accessed 1 January 2018]
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 11.0, 2021. http://www.eucast.org [Accessed 1 January 2021]
Zerbino DR, Birney E. Velvet: Algorithms for de novo short read assembly using de Bruijn graphs. Genome Res. 2008;18:821–9.
Mutti M, Sonnevend Á, Pál T, Junttila S, Ekker H, Galik B, et al. Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli 81009, a representative of the sequence type 131 C1–M27 clade with a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Genome Announc. 2018;6:1–2.
Ghosh H, Bunk B, Doijad S, Schmiedel J, Falgenhauer L, Spröer C, et al. Complete genome sequence of blaCTX-M-27-encoding Escherichia coli strain H105 of sequence type 131 lineage C1/H30R. Genome Announc. 2017;5:30–1.
Johnson TJ, Danzeisen JL, Youmans B, Case K, Llop K, Munoz-Aguayo J, et al. Separate F-type plasmids have shaped the evolution of the H30 subclone of Escherichia coli sequence type 131. MSphere. 2016;1:1–15.
Sahare P, Moon A. In silico modelling of β-lactam resistant Enterococcus faecalis PBP4 and its interactions with various phyto-ligands. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8:151–5.
Matsumura Y, Pitout JDD, Gomi R, Matsuda T, Noguchi T, Yamamoto M, et al. Global Escherichia coli sequence type 131 clade with bla CTX-M-27 gene. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1900–7.
Bortolaia V, Kaas RS, Ruppe E, Roberts MC, Schwarz S, Cattoir V, et al. ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75:3491–500.
Joensen KG, Scheutz F, Lund O, Hasman H, Kaas RS, Nielsen EM, et al. Real-time whole-genome sequencing for routine typing, surveillance, and outbreak detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03617-13.
Chen L, Zheng D, Liu B, Yang J, Jin Q. VFDB 2016: Hierarchical and refined dataset for big data analysis—10 years on. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016;44:D694–7.
Blanco J, Mora A, Mamani R, López C, Blanco M, Dahbi G, et al. Four main virotypes among extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing isolates of Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131: bacterial, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:3358–67.
de Kraker MEA, Jarlier V, Monen JCM, Heuer OE, van de Sande N, Grundmann H. The changing epidemiology of bacteraemias in Europe: trends from the European antimicrobial resistance surveillance system. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:860–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12028.
Martelius T, Jalava J, Kärki T, Möttönen T, Ollgren J, Lyytikäinen O. Nosocomial bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, Finland, 1999–2013: Trends, patient characteristics and mortality. Infect Dis (Auckl). 2016;48:229–34.
De Angelis G, Fiori B, Menchinelli G, D’Inzeo T, Liotti FM, Morandotti GA, et al. Incidence and antimicrobial resistance trends in bloodstream infections caused by ESKAPE and Escherichia coli at a large teaching hospital in Rome, a 9-year analysis (2007–2015). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2018;37:1627–36.
Jánvári L, Damjanova I, Topf J, Mag T, Mestyan G, Szolyka G, et al. Countrywide dissemination of CTX-M-27-producing Escherichia coli ST131 subclade C1-M27 in Hungary, 2015-2017. ECCMID 2018 accepted abstract (Poster number P1495)
Shaw KJ, Rather PN, Hare RS, Miller GH. Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Microbiol Rev. 1993;57:138–63.
Johnson TJ, Elnekave E, Miller EA, Munoz-Aguayo J, Flores Figueroa C, Johnston B, et al. Phylogenomic analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 1193, an emerging multidrug-resistant clonal group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;63:1–15.
Al-Farsi HM, Camporeale A, Ininbergs K, Al-Azri S, Al-Muharrmi Z, Al-Jardani A, et al. Clinical and molecular characteristics of carbapenem non-susceptible Escherichia coli: a nationwide survey from Oman. PLoS ONE. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239924.
Wu J, Lan F, Lu Y, He Q, Li B. Molecular characteristics of ST1193 clone among phylogenetic group B2 Non-ST131 fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02294.
Kim Y, Oh T, Nam Y, Cho S, Lee H. Prevalence of ST131 and ST1193 among bloodstream isolates of Escherichia coli not susceptible to ciprofloxacin in a Tertiary Care University Hospital in Korea, 2013–2014. Clin Lab. 2017. https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2017.170319.
Valenza G, Werner M, Eisenberger D, Nickel S, Lehner-Reindl V, Höller C, et al. First report of the new emerging global clone ST1193 among clinical isolates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from Germany. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019;17:305–8.
Findlay J, Gould VC, North P, Bowker KE, Williams MO, MacGowan AP, et al. Characterization of cefotaxime-resistant urinary Escherichia coli from primary care in South-West England 2017–18. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020;75:65–71.
Dahbi G, Mora A, Mamani R, López C, Alonso MP, Marzoa J, et al. Molecular epidemiology and virulence of Escherichia coli O16: H5-ST131: comparison with H30 and H30-Rx subclones of O25b: H4-ST131. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014;304:1247–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.10.002.
Sarowska J, Futoma-Koloch B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Madrzak M, Ksiazczyk M, Bugla-Ploskonska G, et al. Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: Recent reports. Gut Pathog. 2019;11:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-019-0290-0.
Johnson JR, Johnston B, Clabots C, Kuskowski MA, Castanheira M. Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 as the major cause of serious multidrug-resistant E. coli infections in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:286–94.
Mora A, Dahbi G, López C, Mamani R, Marzoa J, Dion S, et al. Virulence patterns in a murine sepsis model of ST131 Escherichia coli clinical isolates belonging to serotypes O25b:H4 and O16:H5 are associated to specific virotypes. PLoS ONE. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087025.
Coelho A, Mora A, Mamani R, López C, González-López JJ, Larrosa MN, et al. Spread of Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131 producing CTX-M-15 and SHV-12 with high virulence gene content in Barcelona (Spain). J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:517–26.
Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Porter SB, Clabots C, Bender TL, Thuras P, et al. Rapid emergence, subsidence, and molecular detection of Escherichia coli sequence type 1193-fimH64, a new disseminated multidrug-resistant commensal and extraintestinal pathogen. J Clin Microbiol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01664-18.
Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Bertrand X, Madec JY. Escherichia coli st131, an intriguing clonal group. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27:543–74.
Lanza VF, de Toro M, Garcillán-Barcia MP, Mora A, Blanco J, Coque TM, et al. Plasmid flux in Escherichia coli ST131 sublineages, analyzed by plasmid constellation network (PLACNET), a new method for plasmid reconstruction from whole genome sequences. PLoS Genet. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004766.
Kidsley AK, White RT, Beatson SA, Saputra S, Schembri MA, Gordon D, et al. Companion animals are spillover hosts of the multidrug-resistant human extraintestinal escherichia coli pandemic clones ST131 and ST1193. Front Microbiol. 2020;11:1–10.
Adler A, Gniadkowski M, Baraniak A, Izdebski R, Fiett J, Hryniewicz W, et al. Transmission dynamics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clones in rehabilitation wards at a tertiary care centre. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03999.x.
Dr. Ivelina Damjanova provided helpful suggestions and assisted by critically reading the manuscript.
Open access funding provided by Semmelweis University. This study was financially supported by OTKA Hungarian Scientific Fund, Grant Number: 108481.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This is a retrospective study, not directly associated with patients and it was consistent with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
Consent for publication
All authors approve the publication of this work.
All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Tóth, K., Tóth, Á., Kamotsay, K. et al. Population snapshot of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive strains isolated from a Hungarian hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 21, 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-022-00493-8
- Escherichia coli
- Extended-spectrum β-lactamase
- Bla CTX-M-27
- Bla CTX-M-15


text:
Slayer have released two short videos from the studio where they are recording a new album.
The clips include a quick tour of the studio, filmed by drummer Paul Bostaph, and a video of the band getting ready to launch into a song. But fans hoping to hear some of the new material will be disappointed by the the video’s teasing nature, as it ends before a chord is struck.
Slayer say the album is set for an early 2015 release. Bostaph returned to the fold after last year’s sacking of Dave Lombardo following a contract dispute. Exodus main man Gary Holt is on guitar duties, continuing in the role in which he has been filling in for Jeff Hanneman for the last four years.
After taking ill and stepping back from band duties in 2011, founding guitarist Hanneman died of alcohol-related liver failure last year.


text:
SUPPORT AND ELECT CONSERVATIVE VETERANS TO THE U.S. SENATE AND CONGRESS
OUR 2020 ELECTION GOALS
Support top-notch, conservative military veterans in Congressional races that can be won with our timely and strategic Independent Expenditures that inform the electorate and motivate people to get out and vote for our candidates.
SEAL PAC USA is raising funds for independent expenditures to be spent on the re-election campaigns of conservative military veteran Members of Congress (both House and Senate). We will also make independent expenditures on behalf of conservative military veteran candidates running for open seats and as challengers so that they can win and get Congress and America headed in the right direction.
SEAL PAC is the only conservative, veteran candidate-support PAC that invested in all three 2019 winning special congressional elections on behalf of Republican candidates, with an outlay of more than $110,000 to help their campaigns.
In 2018, SEAL PAC spent more than $850,000 to back the campaigns of great, conservative American veterans running for Congress, including:
Don Bacon–Air Force, Brig Gen (Ret.) NE-2
Jim Banks–Navy Reserve, LT IN-3
Jack Bergman–Marine Corps, Lt Gen (Ret.) MI-1
Mike Bost– Marine Corps (Ret.) IL-12
Vern Buchanan–MI Air National Guard (Ret.) FL-16
Dan Crenshaw–Navy SEAL, LCDR (Ret.) TX-2
Brian Mast–Army (Ret.) FL-18
Guy Reschenthaler–Navy, LT (Ret.) PA-14
Denver Riggleman–Air Force (Ret.) VA-5
Rick Scott–Navy (Ret.) – Senate (FL)
Michael Waltz–Army, LTC (Ret.) FL-6
Steve Watkins–Army, CPT (Ret.) KS-2
Lee Zeldin–Army Reserve, MAJ NY-1


Islamabad July 15 2022: Special Assistant to Prime Minister on Youth Affairs Shaza Fatima Khawaja announced the relaunch of Prime Minister’s Laptop Scheme.
Through this initiative, laptops will be distributed among students from different universities and colleges across Pakistan.
In a meeting with various journalists SAPM said that Prime Minister’s Youth Programme was initiated in 2013 with the goal of empowering our young population. She told media persons that merit will be upheld in the laptop scheme. A special quota has been reserved for the students from Balochistan,and the number of laptops to be distributed there have been doubled. Additionally, 50 percent quota has been specified for women in laptop scheme.
Shaza Fatima Khawaja informed journalists that a task force has been established and Government is aiming towards raising IT Exports to USD 15 billion.
Pakistan IT exports surged 25 percent to USD 2.38 billion in the first eleven months of this fiscal year, which runs from July to June, mostly riding a massive stream of investment pouring into Pakistan’s technology sector.


text:
From 26.04. till 28.04. Nevsky Shipyard takes part in the 16th Caspian International Transport, Transit and Logistics Exhibition TransCaspian/Translogistica 2017 (Azerbaijan, Baku, Exhibition and Conference Center "Baku Expo Center").
The TransCaspian/Translogistica exhibition is one of the leading transport events in the Caspian region. The exhibition brings together key public transport authorities and commercial organizations engaged in the rail sector, maritime industry, aviation, commercial vehicles and transport & logistics services.
The exhibition is supported by the Ministry of Transport of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the National Confederation of Organizations of Entrepreneurs (Employers) of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Export and Investment Promotion Foundation in Azerbaijan, the Coordination Council of the Republic of Azerbaijan for Transit Freight Transport and others.
The management of Nevsky Shipyard invites shipowners, representatives of emergency services, rescue services, the Navy, companies carrying passengers, transport and cargo by sea / river, companies operating the oil and fishing fleet, representatives of organizations providing technical operation of the fleet, suppliers of materials and equipment, Design organizations - to visit our stand 1116.
During the whole time of the exhibition Nevsky Shipyard 's managers and specialists will be present at the stand, and will discuss the current and future shipbuilding projects of the shipyard, and will also answer all the questions in detail.

domain: economics


M.I.A. Babylon Mp3 Download
The Hip-Hop Multi-Award Winning singer, record producer, M.I.A. comes up with another banger tunes title “ Babylon “ the sound is amazing now available in Video | Lyrics just for you to enjoy and Download.
Listen and Download mp3: M.I.A. – Babylon
M.I.A. Babylon Audio
This banger is available at TecroNet for Babylon Download and Free.
I hope this post was able to help you, Download Babylon, by M.I.A.
M.I.A. Babylon mp3
Download mp3 M.I.A. Babylon
M.I.A. Babylon mp3 Download
Kindly share this post with your loved one, also. Don’t forget to bookmark our website for Latest Update, as at 25/01/2022, Latest Trending Music, Just like This M.I.A. Babylon Mp3, Lyrics, And Video


text:
Pediatric physician and licensed Davis Autism Approach Facilitator, Dr. Angie Gonzales recently took time out of her busy schedule to spend time with aspiring health professionals at Chino Hills High School. More than 100 students sat in rapt attention as this energetic doctor spoke frankly about the challenges of medical school - the importance of grit and perseverance, and how she eventually achieved her desire to become a pediatrician. She outlined the typical medical school program and explained how each year builds on the prior, then allowed the students to ask questions about anything they didn't understand.
Dr. Angie is passionate about helping kids and challenged the students to give 110% in their studies, to never place limits on themselves or what they can achieve, and seek to make a difference in the lives of others. She also talked about her work with Davis Autism International. As a licensed facilitator, she helps those with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) live more full and complete lives. She runs Dr. Angie's Place in Norco, CA. #ihpc #healthcareers #dr.angie

domain: medical


Hi,I have the Nios II ,Cyclone III edition and when I connect it to the PC it doesn't find the USB blaster driver and I did all the steps mentioned in the user guide and the computer still doesn't find the USB blaster driver. So what should I do? And also when I connect the board to the Ethernet it gives me the message connecting and after a while It gives me this IP 0.0.0.0 and I turned the DHCP service on my computer. So what is the problem? Regards.
If you are running Windows XP Home/Pro, the DHCP service is a client, not a server. You would either need to install and run a DHCP server, or configure your board to use a static address.


text:
GlaxoSmithKline CEO seeks FDA approval for 'at least' six drugs in 2020
Keep Me Logged In.
GlaxoSmithKline CEO expects to get 'at least' six drug approvals from the FDA in 2020.
GlaxoSmithKline CEO Emma Walmsley told "Mad Money" host Jim Cramer the British drugmaker has received "positive data" for cancer and HIV drugs.
Technician: JPMorgan has looked 'too good' for much too long.
Phase one trade deal expected to be signed on Jan. 15.
S&P 500 and Nasdaq close at record highs.
Watch CNBC's full interview with ImClone Systems founder Sam Waksal.
What investors should know ahead of Big Banks earnings.

domain: news


text:
Air dusters are part of a group of household chemicals that are inhaled for a hallucinogenic, mind-altering high. The high is short, which often leads to repeated inhaling of these toxic chemicals. Huffing, as it is often called, is more common among children. The National Institute on Drug Abuse conducted a survey in 1999 that showed more than 19 percent of eighth-grade students had used inhalants at least once. The ease of obtaining inhalants like air dusters, and the serious effects of huffing, are why parents need to discuss with their children the dangers of inhaling air dusters.
Short-term effects of inhaling air dusters include headaches, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, muscle weakness, stomach pain, mood swings, irrational or violent behavior, anger, slurred speech, clumsiness, tingling in the hands and feet, hallucination, hearing loss and delayed reflexes.
Recognize the long-term effects of huffing by unexplained weight loss, muscle weakness, depression, indifference, muscle spasms, ineptitude and an ill-temper. Permanent damage to vital organs including the heart, liver, kidneys and lungs occurs, as does damage to areas of the brain that control learning, motor skills, vision and hearing.
Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome
A serious and sudden consequence of inhaling air dusters is Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome. It can happen whether it's a user's first time huffing or not. It occurs most often when inhaling aerosol products like air dusters. Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome results in rapid and irregular heart beats that lead to cardiac arrest and death.
Another fatal consequence of inhaling air dusters is suffocation. When the fumes enter the lungs and central nervous system, oxygen levels are depressed so that the user is unable to breathe and suffocates.
How to Know When Enough Is Enough in a ...
Benefits of Shea Butter and Coconut Oil ...
Silent Treatment Abuse
What Are the Ingredients in Proactiv?
Signs of a Broken Heart
Can Age Spots Be Reversed?
How Children Are Affected When Living ...
How to Get Rid of Skunk Smell With ...
Love Sick Symptoms
What Foods Provide Calcium D-Glucarate?
Definition of Skin Bleaching
How to Deal With Feelings of Revenge ...
How to Legally Change Your Name When ...
How to Change the Date on a Rolex
List of the Top Ten Most Common Emotions
Does Yeast Cause Holes in Bread?
How to Clean Scuff Marks Off of Tan ...
How to Reheat Leftover Pork Chops ...
How to Shrink Leather Boots
Symptoms of Adult Survivors of Child ...
Nikki Walters has been a journalist since 2008. Her writing and photography have been featured in "Points North" magazine, "fitATLANTA Health and Fitness Magazine," "Seminole Chronicle" and "Moms Like Me" magazine. Walters received a B.S. in journalism from the University of Central Florida and is a graduate of the New York Institute of Photography. She is also a Florida master gardener.


and Performance Parts and Accessories
PB10150 - 1958-64 Impala/Full Size Front Disc Brake Conversion Set with 10-3/4" Drilled/Slotted Rotors
This true bolt-on solution from ABS Power Brake will bolt up to the OEM spindles.Included with the system:
Photo for illustration purposes only, set contents may vary. Additional parts may be needed for installation.
Requires 14" or larger wheels.
Important: Does not …
In Stock Now!


text:
|Odo Shakiso District, Guji Zone, southern Ethiopia
|NT $550/16 ounces
Floral-toned, chocolaty. Fine musk, strawberry guava, dark chocolate, honey, oak in aroma and cup. Juicy, savory-tart acidity; syrupy-smooth mouthfeel. All the notes from the cup carry into a finish both flavor-laden and long.
Southern Ethiopia coffees like this one are produced from distinctive traditional Ethiopian varieties of Arabica long grown in the region. Like virtually all southern Ethiopia coffees, this coffee is produced by villagers on small garden plots interplanted with food and other subsistence crops. Processed by the wet or washed method (fruit skin and pulp are removed before drying). Kakalove Café is a nano-roaster located in the small city of Chia-Yi in Taiwan that strives to procure and roast the finest quality coffee. Visit www.kakalovecafe.com.tw or email [email protected] for more information
A sumptuous washed Ethiopia cup with absorbing and intricate floral, fruit and chocolate notes throughout.
Explore Similar Coffees
Click here for more reviews from Kakalove Cafe
Click here for more information about coffees from Ethiopia