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This article was first published in Dutch in Handelingen. Tijdschrift voor praktische theologie en religiewetenschap, 46 (2019), nr. 1. Many thanks to SyriacPress who arranged for this article to be translated into English, and to the publishers of Handelingen to allow for this translation and re-publication.
In various places in the Netherlands, Turkish and Moroccan migrants are commemorating their 50th anniversary in the Netherlands these years. The Syriac Orthodox community in the Netherlands too has its roots in the 1970s, because the first Syriac Orthodox migrants came as guest workers, just like Turkish Muslims and Armenians, mainly to work in the textile industry in the east of the Netherlands. However, also the fact that the situation for Christians in the east of Turkey was rapidly deteriorating played a role for the first migrant workers: Syriac Christians were caught between a rock and a hard place in the violent struggle between the PKK and the Turkish army. They soon applied for refugee status in the Netherlands, as they did in Germany and Sweden. Many were granted refugee status, as were the Syriac Orthodox refugees who engaged in opposition movements in Syria in the 1980s. Today, through family reunification, natural growth and ongoing migration, the community in the Netherlands is estimated to number about twenty-five thousand.
In recent years, the community grew by 500 to 1,000 persons who fled the civil war in Syria. Most of them settled in Twente, where eight parishes of the Syriac Orthodox Church can be found in Enschede, Hengelo, Oldenzaal and Rijssen. In addition, there are two Amsterdam parishes and one in Badhoevedorp. The Dutch bishop, Mor Polycarp Augin Aydin, resides in the Mor Ephrem Monastery in Glane near Enschede (Van Slageren 2018).
In this contribution I would like to introduce this now well-established community in more detail. On the basis of an overview of their long Christian history, the position in the Ottoman Empire and the genocide of 1915, I conclude with the current transnational and politicized situation of the Dutch community.
Ancient Christian Community
For today’s Syriac Orthodox, the long and continuous history of their ecclesiastical community in the Middle East is a source of pride, but above all a resource that is constantly drawn upon to renew their tradition. This history goes back a long way: the oldest Christian texts in Classical Syriac – the Aramaic language that continues to be the language used in the liturgy – date back to the late second century AD, and important texts such as the Peshitta, the Syriac Bible translation, and the hymns written by Ephrem (‘the Syrian’) to the third and fourth centuries. At that time, Christianity was widespread in the region we now call the Middle East. Aramaic-speaking Christianity was present in the region that today includes Lebanon, Syria, southern Turkey, and northern Iraq. Some of the important monasteries, such as the Mor Gabriel Monastery in south-eastern Turkey, were founded during this early period.
In the first centuries AD there was no separate Syriac Orthodox Church with its own episcopal hierarchy. The separation started in the fifth century after the Council of Chalcedon (451) declared the “miaphysite” (previously often “monophysite”) Christology as heretical. This miaphysite Christology had much support in the Aramaic-speaking churches in the Syrian territory. Unlike the majority at Chalcedon, the Syriac and Egyptian theologians and church leaders preferred to describe the divine and human natures of Christ as merged more emphatically into an inseparable unity at the Incarnation. According to them the Chalcedonian compromise – ‘unmixed, unchanged, undivided, unseparated’ – which intended to do justice to the dyophysite position, left room to distinguish the two natures, though not to separate them.
After Chalcedon, gradually more and more pressure was put on local bishops to conform to the imperially approved Christological formula. This pressure led to the formation of counter-hierarchies in both Egypt and Syria in the late fifth and early sixth centuries. In Egypt, much of the church eventually ended up in the miaphysite church which became known as the Coptic Orthodox Church. Syria remained divided, but the Syriac Orthodox Church which then emerged gained a sizable following, in the interior of Syria, in central and eastern Turkey, and later in northern Iraq (Van Rompay 2018, Murre-van den Berg 2007).
In part even before the separation from the Byzantine Empire Church, but especially after, a rich body of church literature emerged in Classical Syriac, with its own liturgy, hymns, and elaborate theology. Many of the works written in this language are still read and sung today – including the hymns of Ephrem the Syriac and, in particular, Jacob of Sarugh (late fifth, early sixth century) and Barhebreaus (thirteenth century). Building on this body of church literature, new hymns, theological works, and stories of saints are being written until this day. This is often done in Classical Syriac, the main liturgical language in Syriac Orthodox parishes. At the same time, other languages were and are being used, depending on the spoken languages of the faithful and the cultural languages of the environment: Greek in the earliest period, Arabic and Persian after the rise of the Islamic empires, Turkish in the Mongolian and Ottoman periods, and today all European languages, including Dutch. In the Netherlands, in addition to Dutch and Arabic, a modern variety of Aramaic is also used – usually called Surayt and sometimes Turoyo. This is the language that many of the Suryoye speak at home. Suryoye is what the Syriac Orthodox usually call themselves when speaking Aramaic.
The Suryoye invest considerably in teaching their children Classical Syriac. They often learn the language during intensive summer courses in the monasteries – both in the countries of the diaspora (including the Netherlands) and in the Middle East. This language training is particularly focused on their participation in the liturgy: the children are ordained as deacons to help carry the liturgy as choristers. This choral tradition, in which women have traditionally participated to a significant degree, is at the heart of Syriac Orthodox spiritual life (Jarjour 2018; Bakker Kellogg 2018; Varghese 2004).
The Classical Syriac literary and theological tradition continued not only in the miaphysite Syriac Orthodox Church, but also in the Church of the East, often referred to as ‘Nestorian’. This Church had its center of gravity further east in comparison with the Syriac Orthodox Church, in what was then the Persian Empire, present-day Iran and Iraq. It is therefore often referred to as the ‘East Syriac’ Church (alongside the Syriac Orthodox Church as the ‘West Syriac’ Church). As the reference to Nestorius suggests, this Church took a strictly dyophysite ‘Nestorian’ position which was rejected by the majority of churches despite its similarities to the formulations of Chalcedon. Despite their almost diametrically opposed Christological position, both churches recognized and continue to recognize each other’s connection to the Classical-Syriac literary tradition and the secular Aramaic-language traditions that have emerged from it (Teule 2018). The Netherlands hosts a small community of what is now called the Holy Apostolic Assyrian Church of the East, the Mar Benyamin parish in Zeist. It holds bi-weekly church services. Most of these Assyrians arrived in the Netherlands as refugees from Iraq in the 1990s. Catholic churches in full communion with Rome were established from both churches during the Ottoman period: the Syriac Catholic Church with its center in Sharfeh, Lebanon, and the Chaldean Church, with its center in Iraq. Both churches function in the Netherlands as independent parishes of the Roman Catholic Church (Teule & Murre-van den Berg, 2018). Together with the Maronite Church of Lebanon and the Indian Thomas Christians, they form the “Syriac Tradition” within Christianity (Brock & Taylor 2001; Butts et al. 2011; Murre-van den Berg 2007 and 2015; King 2018).
The Ottomans, who controlled much of the Middle East from the sixteenth century onward, largely adopted the older Islamic dichotomy between “Muslims” and “peoples of the book” – i.e., mainly Jews and Christians. The latter category, although protected (dhimmi), were obliged to pay extra taxes in return for protection. Jews and Christians also had to deal with all kinds of restrictions, mainly aimed at the public recognition of Islam as primary religion of the Ottoman Empire and the visible distinction between Muslims and non-Muslims. These restrictions included, for example, dress codes and restrictions on expanding or renewing church buildings. However, both the level of additional taxes and the implementation of the other restrictive rules were highly dependent on local rulers, changing from time to time and place to place, under influence of local and international factors (Sharkey 2017).
An important aspect of what gradually came to be called the millet system was the fact that the religious community, the millet (group, nation), increasingly took on a strong social and legal significance. By definition, all inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire were members of a religious community, which largely determined your social rights and duties. These include much of what falls under civil law in the Netherlands: marriage, divorce, child custody and inheritance. All these family law matters were handled by the church authorities. At the time when the millet system was radically modernized in the nineteenth century – including making Muslims and Christians equal before the law and giving laypeople more influence on the administration of the millets – the socio-legal aspect of the millets was actually further strengthened. This bureaucratization and legalization of the religious community contributed to a growing sense of self-identity that increasingly began to be defined in ethnic or national terms during this period.
It is no coincidence, therefore, that the modernization of the millets coincided with a strong rise in nationalism. On the one hand, the Ottoman Empire tried to create a broad and inclusive ‘Ottoman’ identity in which Jews, Christians, and Muslims would be on equal footing. On the other hand, the influence of nationalists grew within almost all groups that made up the Ottoman Empire. In many cases, this nationalism aimed at reducing not only the power of the centrally ruled Ottoman Empire, but also that of religious leaders. In some cases, most importantly with Arab nationalism, this led to attempts to transcend religious differences and politically unite Muslims, Jews, and Christians. In doing so, Arab nationalists opposed the growing Turkish nationalism which aimed to unite Islam and Turkish ethnicity in the new Turkish nation.
In the meantime, Christian groups such as Armenians and the Assyrians of the Church of the East increasingly interpreted their religious community as an ethnic community which might be rebuild as a modern nation. For some (though certainly not all) Armenian activists, this also included to actively seek a way to establish an independent Armenian state. In this, they were supported by the Russians on the eastern border of the Ottoman Empire. Some of the Syriac Orthodox were attracted to nascent Assyrian nationalism, while a larger part remained aloof from this strong political coloring of their community (Becker 2015; Atto 2011).
These different movements of nationalism within the Ottoman Empire, combined with growing pressure on Ottoman external borders, led the Ottoman Empire to choose the German side in 1914, against Russia, England, and France. Russia in particular posed an immediate threat to Turkey’s eastern border. This was reinforced by the fear that Armenians in eastern Turkey would take the Russian side in their hope of creating an independent Armenia. In response, the Young Turks attacked not only the Russian-Armenian troops, but decided to remove all Armenians from the eastern provinces. After the Armenian leaders were rounded up and killed in Istanbul in April of 1915, orders were given to local mayors and provincial heads to arrest and kill all Armenian men in their areas, and to transport women and children to the Syrian territories. These deportations were organized in such a way that – with little surveillance and no provisions for lodging or food – not only many died from hunger and exhaustion, but all sorts of itinerant gangs were given the opportunity to loot the scarce food and possessions of the deportees, to rape or force women into marriage, and to enslave them along with their children. The few who survived these gruesome deportations ended up in Syrian camps (Akçam 1999/2006). From there, some left for Europe and the United States; others managed to build new lives in Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine.
However, the ‘Armenian genocide’ did not only concern Armenians. Although in most cases the official orders speak explicitly of Armenians, the other Christians in eastern Turkey were usually treated in the same way. In the east, this mainly concerned Syriac Orthodox, Syriac Catholics, Chaldeans, and Assyrians of the Church of the East. Their villages were treated in the same way as those of the Armenians, while in the cities a local mayor sometimes differentiated between Armenians and Syriac Christians, targeting only the Armenians. In some cases, the Syriac Orthodox managed to defend their village, for a short or longer time, against Turkish or Kurdish troops (Gaunt 2006).
Although the Syriac Orthodox community had suffered enormous setbacks, the survivors of the genocide, called Sayfo (‘the Sword’) in Aramaic, managed to rebuild some of the villages in Turkey. At the same time, like the Armenians, large-scale migration of the Syriac Orthodox began to largely the same destinations: the United States, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine (Atto 2011). Although more than a hundred years have passed since the Sayfo, it is only in recent years that its healing process has begun. For a long time, the stories about the genocide were passed on by the survivors and their children mostly within the family. Some of their testimonies were written down or recorded on video, but in many cases they were hardly talked about at all.
In recent years, especially since the Armenian genocide came into full focus because of the centennial commemorations in 2015, the stories of the Syriac Orthodox receive more public attention, showing how much of what happened has hardly been processed. The Dutch novel by Stire Kaya-Cirik, Echo uit een onverwerkt verleden [Echo from an Unprocessed Past] (2013), makes this poignantly visible. There is both a personal aspect to healing and processing the past (as in the case of Holocaust survivors where traumas continue for two or three generations), and a communal and public aspect. In order for healing to happen and for survivors to come to terms with the genocide, this history must be told and acknowledged publicly, not only by the Syriac Orthodox themselves but also by those with whom they live – in the Middle East, in Europe, and elsewhere. This call for recognition can now be based on a growing scholarly consensus about what happened in 1915 (Gaunt et al. 2017; Talay & Barthoma 2018).
The genocide of 1915 gave rise to the formation of the current transnational Syriac community. Some Syriac Orthodox stayed in the region and settled in Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. In Syria, the deportees and refugees joined the already existing communities in Homs, Aleppo, and Damascus, but also formed new communities in the northeast, especially in and around the cities of Hassake and Qamishli. A good many of the refugees left the region and emigrated to North and South America. In 1923, the Syriac Orthodox patriarchate was forced to leave its traditional residence in Turkey and settle in Homs in Syria; this was followed by a move to central Damascus in 1959. Although the old church premises in the Bab Touma neighborhood are still in use, the monastery in Ma’arat Sayednaya which was built in the 1990s has taken over many of its core services. A new patriarchal center has now also opened in Atchaneh (Bikfaya) in Lebanon.
Syriac Orthodox monasteries, both in the Middle East and elsewhere, are important centers of the transnational community. They range from the small but important Mor Markos Monastery in Jerusalem, which annually welcomes many Syriac Orthodox visitors from around the world, to the large and ancient monasteries in Turkey, the most important of which is the Mor Gabriel Monastery (Omzigt et al. 2012; Murre-van den Berg 2013). Despite the importance of the monasteries in the Middle East, the communities in the lands of migration – sometimes referred to as those of the galutho or ‘exile’ have become increasingly important in the transnational church. In this international diaspora, the European dioceses – in particular, those of the Netherlands, Germany, and Sweden – constitute important centers.
The core of these communities was initially formed by Syriac Orthodox from southeastern Turkey, the region of Tur ‘Abdin between Midyat, Nusaybin, and Mardin. Later, Syriac Orthodox refugees from northeastern Syria and Iraq joined them. While the first group was mostly Aramaic-speaking, the refugees from Syria and Iraq were mostly Arabic-speaking. The Arabic-speaking group is much smaller than the Aramaic-speaking one, but it has grown in recent years with refugees from Syria. They come mainly from Aleppo, Homs, and Damascus and are often descendants of those who settled in Syria after the Sayfo. When these new refugees are granted temporary residence status in the Netherlands, they often choose to settle in Enschede and the surrounding area because of the large Syriac Orthodox community there. This makes it easier for them to find work and housing.
The Dutch Syriac Orthodox are connected in different ways with the local and transnational community. First of all, there is the close circle of the extended family. Often, some relatives live in the same Dutch village or city, others are scattered all over the world: some relatively close in Europe (besides Germany and Sweden there are also Syriac Orthodox communities in Austria, Switzerland, England, Belgium), and others far away in North America or Australia. A few continue to have relatives in the Middle East and, when they visit the Middle East, meet relatives from other migrant countries. In addition, most Suryoye also stay connected with the broader community through a variety of cultural associations and political parties. These political and cultural organizations make extensive use of modern means of communication, ranging from satellite television and from printed publications to visual publications on a variety of social media. Undoubtedly, the church is the most important transnational factor in this transnational community. Although training centers have been established around the world, some of the religious training still takes place at the Patriarchal Center near Damascus. The Syriac Orthodox patriarch closely monitors what is happening in the various dioceses. The appointment of bishops is managed centrally, and clerics and priests are dispersed and often end up in countries and parishes other than those of their origin.
The political and cultural associations represent a broad spectrum of views, some of which have clear political overtones. Traditionally, the Assyrian group was most active politically. It traces its origins to the late nineteenth and early twentiety century Middle East, where it sought cooperation with Assyrians from the Assyrian Church of the East. In addition to localizing their pre-Christian roots primarily in the Assyrian history of Mesopotamia, this group, especially in the context of the Assyrian Democratic Organization (ADO) has a long history of opposition to the regime in Syria, in cooperation with Kurdish parties in northeastern Syria. Cooperation with Kurds, which is also at play in northern Iraq, also leads to conflict: in an attempt to establish their own province or state in confrontation with the majority in Baghdad or Damascus, Kurds and Assyrians (and Christians more generally) are long-time allies, but eventually rivals over governance, land, and school curricula (see also the Assyrian International News Agency AINA).
For a long time, the non-Assyrian group was less politically active and remained predominantly focused on ecclesiastical and cultural traditions, with an emphasis on liturgy, language, and history. Meanwhile, part of this group has become very active under the Aramean label in lobbying for the recognition of the rights of Christians as original inhabitants of the Middle East. The main Aramean party is the World Council of Arameans (WCA) which seeks the support of UN and EU commissions as well as of mostly right-wing organizations whose political goal is the protection of Christians in the Middle East on the other hand. In the lobby towards both international NGOs and national governments, the recognition of the 1915 genocide is high on the agenda. Sometimes, an anti-Islamic agenda is present, since one of the most difficult discussions in the Syriac Orthodox community is that of the relationship with Muslims and Islam – both in terms of the countries of origin and the countries of migration. Depending on individual experiences and the history of the home village and region, the positive experiences of friendship and political cooperation with Muslims sometimes predominate. More often however, an anti-Islamic agenda dominates, fueled by the Turkish denial of the Sayfo genocide or failed cooperation with Kurdish parties in Syria and northern Iraq. This is reinforced by fears of an Islam-dominated Europe. This discussion is further complicated by the fact that Syriac Orthodox are often seen by Europeans as Muslims and their churches as mosques. The problems of secular and sometimes even Christian Europeans to distinguish between Christian and non-Christian migrants confronts Syriac Orthodox Christians with the fact that their Christian faith is not only difficult to recognize for Europeans, but that also after further explanation is given this does not imply self-evident inclusion in European culture and society.
In recent decades, political and cultural differences between the Aramean and Assyrian groups among the Syriac Orthodox have led to highly charged conflicts. In the Netherlands, the diocese has remained united in this regard, while in Sweden two dioceses have been created by the Church to channel the tensions between the two groups. Cultural associations, soccer clubs, and other non-church organizations are often organized along these two party-lines. In general, the Aramean view has more support, but not everyone in this group is intensely involved. In addition to the difference between the Assyrian and Aramean self-identification, differences have arisen on the basis of the regional origin, i.e., between the Arabic-speaking Syriacs from Syria and the Aramean-speaking Syriacs from Turkey. These differences can also lead to further subdivisions, especially if the dividing line coincides with Assyrian versus Aramean political-national orientations. Attempts to make the modern Aramaic language (Surayt) the dominant spoken language within the community have had only limited success: a combination of Arabic, Surayt, Dutch, English and German usually remains in use.
A final point of tension within the community concerns the position of women and girls. In general, the community is organized patriarchally, with the extended family at the core of a distinct Syriac Orthodox-Dutch identity. At the same time, in most families both boys and girls are encouraged to get a good education, preferably at college or university level. These well-educated women usually continue to hold paid jobs after they marry and have children, sharing the care of the children with (resident) parents or other older family members. Although this provides opportunities for women to continue to develop themselves socially and intellectually, also outside the Syriac Orthodox community, the patriarchal model remains largely in place. Unmarried women have to be much more socially sensitive in comparison to single men. Women with a family bear a heavy burden of care for husband, children and elderly relatives in addition to their work outside the home. Within church life, the pattern is the same as in other Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches where women play a (sometimes large) role in church administration but cannot be ordained as clergy.
Girls are only ordained choristers as deacons in the lowest rank. This makes for a very visible and audible contribution by women and girls in the liturgy, but it also creates tensions. They cannot participate in full like their male peers and cannot rise up to the higher ranks of deacon. Whereas today women’s ordination to the priesthood is unimaginable for the majority of Syriac Orthodox laity and clergy, much thought is being given to whether women deacons and the women religious (nuns) could fulfill broader social, theological, and liturgical functions in the church.
In the past fifty years a strong Syriac Orthodox community has firmly established itself in the Netherlands. It is rooted in Dutch society with strong ties with the transnational Syriac Orthodox community. Many of those whose parents arrived in the Netherlands in the 1970s and 1980s have good education and good jobs, even if this has not worked out for everyone. Many of those of the second and third generation act on their Syriac Orthodox identity through social and political organizations. Above all, however, it is the church, with its monasteries and parishes, that plays a central role in the transnational community.
Though quite some research has been done regarding the Syriac Orthodox in the Netherlands and in other countries of migration, more research is urgently needed to study the way in which the Syriac Orthodox community finds its place in Dutch society. This should concern relationships with Dutch citizens outside the Syriac Orthodox community, and other aspects of integration, such as the use of other languages besides Dutch and the level of education and income compared to other Dutch citizens. In addition, for understanding ecclesiastical practice in Dutch society, contacts with Catholic, Protestant, evangelical and, in particular, churches of the Eastern Oriental Orthodox traditions are important topics for further study.
Finally, the question arises about how processes of the form of secularization and de-churching affect the Syriac Orthodox community in the Netherlands. Research so far has focused on the growing distinction between religious and non-religious realms, which is expressed, for example, in the growing emphasis on ethnic identity alongside or even instead of religious identity. Whether there is also a decline in religious involvement and daily religious practice, or perhaps a conscious exit from the Syriac Orthodox Church, has not yet been studied in depth even though incidental observations suggest that these processes are taking place among Syriac Orthodox.
Very visible, however, is the great élan with which the Syriac Orthodox Church motivates its members to communal life and mutual care, to an active Christian life in the affirmation of its very rich Christian tradition and culture, which despite violence and exclusion in the Middle East is still passed on to the new generations.
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Akçam, T. (1999/2006). A Shameful Act. The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility. London: Constable.
Atto, N. (2011). Hostages in the Homeland, Orphans in the Diaspora: Identity Discourses among the Assyrian/Syriac Elites in the European Diaspora. Leiden: University Press.
Bakker Kellogg, S. (2015). Ritual sounds, political echoes: Vocal agency and the sensory cultures of secularism in the Dutch Syriac diaspora. American Ethnologist 42, no. 3, 431-445.
Becker, A. (2015). Revival and Awakening: Christian Mission, Orientalism, and the American Evangelical Roots of Assyrian Nationalism (1834-1906). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Brock, S., Taylor, D.G.K. (2001). The Hidden Pearl: The Heirs of the Ancient Aramaic Heritage. Rome: Trans World Film Italia. (Nederlandse vertaling: De verborgen parel).
Butts, A.M., Brock, S., Kiraz, G., Van Rompay, L. (2011). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
Gaunt, D. (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
Gaunt, D., Atto, N., Soner O. Barthoma, S.O. (2017). Let Them Not Return: Sayfo – The Genocide against the Assyrian, Syriac and Chaldean Christians in the Ottoman Empire. New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Jarjour, T. (2018). Sense and Sadness: Syriac Chant in Aleppo. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
King, D. (red.) (2018). The Syriac World. London: Routledge.
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Murre-van den Berg, H. (2013). A Center of Transnational Syriac Orthodoxy: St. Mark’s Convent in Jerusalem. Journal of Levantine Studies 3 nr. 1, 61-83.
Murre-van den Berg, H. (2015). Classical Syriac and the Syriac Churches: A Twentieth-Century History. In: M. Doerfler, E. Fiano, K. Smith, Syriac Encounters: Papers from the Sixth North American Syriac Symposium, Duke University, 26-29 June 2011. Peeters: Louvain, 119-148.
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Omtzigt, P.H., Tozman, M.K., Tyndall, A. (red.) (2012). The Slow Disappearance of the Syriacs from Turkey and of the Grounds of the Mor Gabriel Monastery. Berlijn: LIT Verlag.
Schukkink, A.J. (2003). De Suryoye: een verborgen gemeenschap: een historisch-antropologische studie van een Enschedése vluchtelingengemeenschap afkomstig uit het Midden-Oosten. Proefschrift Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam.
Sharkey, H.J. (2017). A History of Muslims, Christians and Jews in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Slageren, J. van, i.s.m. Salaam Somi (2018). In gesprek met Mor Polycarpus, Aartsbisschop van de Syrisch-Orthodoxe Kerk van Antiochië in Nederland. Glane-Losser: Bar Ebroyo Press.
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[…] Originally published on August 27, 2021, on hlmvandenberg.me […]

domain: history


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There With You: Tower Hamlets choir sing from home to combat risk of social isolation
- Credit: Archant
The coronavirus crisis has forced the Sing Tower Hamlets choir to get creative.
Led by Leanne Sedin — who started the choir in 2013 — the group have replaced their weekly singalongs with home sessions using the Zoom app.
Leanne explains that this is designed both “to keep the community aspect going, as well as to have opportunities to sing even when home alone.”
The teacher is very clear on the psychological benefits of singing, particularly important as covid-19 exposes everyone to the risk of social isolation.
The community remains very strong; they have a regular group of 40-60 singers, and there were 42 people on last Tuesday’s Zoom call.
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Leanne says the new rehearsal method — aptly dubbed #SingTowerHomelets — has worked a treat: “It’s been great! It’s not possible to actually sing together because of the delay, but seeing each other, singing along with the leader, learning songs, singing old favourites - that’s all been fantastic.”
So far the feedback has been overwhelmingly positive, with Leanne’s favourite comment describing the experience as “quite weird, but amazing.”
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The first session on March 19 featured the song “You’ve Got a Friend” by Carole King; Leanne remarks on the appropriateness of the famous line: “All you’ve got to do is call - And I’ll be there...”
This positivity is typical of a choir making the most of a situation that is far from ideal.
They are also very welcoming, with the power of technology allowing people to sing from afar.
A lady from South Shields — whose choir had closed down — was overjoyed to be able to join in using Zoom.
Leanne explains that they have asked anyone wishing to join to email the group via their website, though for now they are on an always-intended easter break.
Tomorrow night (Tuesday March 31) was meant to be their end-of-term concert before that break began.
Though the performance had to be cancelled, Leanne is full of optimism for the new term, explaining that “plans are already underway.”
Of the choir, she says: “I love the group, they give me such support.”

domain: news


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Boba Fett actor Temuera Morrison has got to be one of the luckiest actors in all of Hollywood. When he boarded Attack of the Clones in 2002, little did he know that his role as Jango Fett would go on to put him in a unique spot; the man is set for life when it comes to acting—and it only just truly picked up thanks to The Mandalorian.
Sure, then it was just Jango Fett. But in playing that one role, he then went on to be the one and only live-action actor for every clone to ever exist (or Fett family member). So not only did Morrison return to bring Boba Fett to life in The Mandalorian's second season, but he even got his own solo outing on Disney+. To add to that, if any other clone makes the transition to live-action, be it Rex, Echo, Fives, Borr, or countless others, then he's the man Lucasfilm will go to.
One would have assumed that the actor really worked hard to get himself into such a big spot. However, according to the man himself, it seems he might have put a lot less effort into the prequel movies than anyone would have thought.
Boba Fett Works Harder for The Mandalorian
During an interview with Entertainment Weekly, some of the cast of recent Star Wars projects sat down with the outlet to discuss their time with the franchise.
Among them was Temuera Morrison, who brought to life Boba Fett in both The Mandalorian and The Book of Boba Fett. The actor shared that he was "just blown away to be asked back for a start," and how, this time around, he made sure to "do a little bit more research, and make the most of the opportunity:"
"We’re just blown away to be asked back for a start. Fortunately, Boba had to look a little bit like Jango, being the clone son. So, lucky [my face] was still around… it hasn’t been weathered too much. And I sort of made the right time zone and age... but just very honored and grateful for something that happened back in the year 2000, Attack of the Clones, and to be asked back. And also to have a better chance of being better… Because in Jango Fett, I was having too much fun. I got to dress up, wear the helmet, and sing a few songs for George [Lucas], go like this and people would fall over, and fight Obi-Wan Kenobi. Man, I was just having so much fun, so I thought I better, you know, really put the world in this time, and do a little bit more research, and make the most of the opportunity because sometimes they don't come by again."
Morrison is probably glad that he worked harder here than he did for the prequels—it seems to have worked out for him.
Emily Swallow, who plays the armorer in The Mandalorian, shared how "getting to spend time with the Armorer [made her] simplify things a lot more," thanks to not being able to utilize her face, which is a "tool that you usually use to communicate with people:"
“I am, in my day-to-day life a lot more expressive, and kinetic, and fidgety, and getting to spend time with the Armorer makes me simplify things a lot more. And she is very grounding. It’s a wonderful acting, I wouldn’t say obstacle, but I mean it is sort of an obstacle to not have access to this tool that you usually use to communicate with people. And one of the things that we found when we started experimenting way back at the beginning when we were shooting… We were shooting Episodes 1 and 3 at the same time. And so all of us that were putting on these helmets… we started playing and getting feedback from [Jon Favreau] and Deborah [Chow], who were directing those two episodes, about what would read on camera. Which is also a different thing, because I had done mask work in theater. But when you’re on theater, the audience can see your entire body at once and so, you have a greater canvas to work with. When you’re working on camera, you don’t know what shots they’re going to be using at given any moment, you don’t know what part of the story is playing at any given time so, you’re sort of at the mercy of the editor."
The key for her was being "judicial" with how she was moving, as "any tiny movement read hugely:"
"And so we had to get a lot of feedback about what was playing, what wasn’t playing. You learn that you really have to be judicial in how you’re moving, because any tiny movement reads hugely… So you also can’t do things like look down to see where you’re walking. You can’t do things like when you’re grabbing your tools when you are an armorer, a blacksmith, you can’t like really look to see what you’re getting. And so i had to have a lot of faith that I would not fall over. I had to have a lot of confidence that i knew what I was doing, which was appropriate for her. And so I had to act as if I had confidence in those things until I did have confidence in those things. So it was sort of an interesting… the confidence built itself, I guess. I pretended I had it ’til I did.”
Moff Gideon himself, aka Giancarlo Esposito, admitted that he "thought there'd be much more stringent parameters with which to work in" and was surprised by how they "want[ed] to talk to [him] about what [he] thought and allowed [him] to be a contributor:"
“I don’t know that I was expecting people to be so free. I thought there’d be much more stringent parameters with which to work in. And to have creators who are so very open and free in their knowledge of the history of this particular franchise, but also being free enough and open enough to allow you as an actor to be able to extend your portrayal of the character, was just… it was just odd to me. To be in a world where they would want to talk to me about what I thought and allowed me to be a contributor and that’s always what works best for any actor in a partnership to be told what really works well and then to be suggested to try something else. The freedom with which they play in the sandbox is just something that amazes me."
Esposito continued, exclaiming how the people behind the scenes are "absolutely honest... collaborative, and really expressive in how they relay what's happening:"
"I have just so many different great moments where I may have had a question and the question could be answered by making a certain decision in that moment. But instead of that, the question invites another question, and then another question, and then before we know it, ‘Where’s Dave [Filoni]? Is he walking his dog or is he up at his office with the dog? Or is he outside? I think he’s walking his dog. Well, tell him to come in with the dog.’ And then they come into the set and all those questions that led to more questions lead to a new understanding of where the scene could go and a decision made upon one word that may be suggested that wasn’t used, or that Dave thought of, but didn’t write everyone is so very honest. I think that’s the greatest excitement of this show to me. No one’s covering. They’re absolutely honest, they’re collaborative, and really expressive in how they relay what’s happening. Or they don’t relay what’s happening to you, because they don’t want you to know too much.”
Why Temuera Morrison Probably Has a Long Future Ahead
It's a good thing Temuera Morrison really dove in, as it probably helped score him a permanent spot in his new era of Star Wars—besides, of course, how Lucasfilm sort of wrote itself into a corner when it comes to hiring the actor for more work. Hopefully, future projects will give him the opportunity to continue flexing his acting chops.
Out of all the characters he could bring to life in future projects, there is no one fans likely want to see more than Rex, the most iconic clone commander from The Clone Wars and Star Wars: Rebels. With Rosario Dawson's Ahsoka on its way next year, that series would be the perfect place for the character to make his live-action debut.
There's an endless number of other choices he could be as well. For example, Commander Cody once played a key role in Obi-Wan Kenobi, so that confirms the character is at least being thought of. Then there's many members of the Bad Batch, all of whom Morrison could play—though there is some more wiggle room there.
First, though, the actor is probably crossing his fingers for a second season of his solo show. After all, the audience all knows Cad Bane didn't die, right?
The Book of Boba Fett Season 1 and The Mandalorian's first two seasons are now streaming on Disney+.

domain: artistic


Crash Test Between 1998 Corolla and 2015 Corolla Reveals Just How Far Car Safety Has Come
Modern safety features prevent any life-threatening damage for the 2015 Corolla, while the 1998 Corolla suffers damage with potentially fatal results
“They don’t make them like they used to.”
You’ll often hear this phrase uttered whenever conversations surrounding the difference between the cars of today and the cars of decades past come up. Many automotive enthusiasts enjoy comparing how much vehicles have changed over the years.
Truth be told, there are certain advantages that older vehicles often have, such as size and simplicity. However, one area where modern vehicles almost always come out on top is in terms of safety.
Honda Leading the Way in Safety: Honda Boasts Most Top Safety-Rated Vehicles Built in U.S.
In recent years, safety requirements for vehicles have become more uniformed and rigid, and safety technologies have become more advanced. As such, the vehicles of today are, for the most part, far safer than past models.
Recently, the Australasian New Car Assessment Program, or ANCAP for short, wanted to demonstrate just how much safer it is to be behind the wheel of a modern vehicle. In order to showcase this fact, they sent two Toyota Corollas, one built in 1998 and one built in 2015, crashing grille-first into each other during a safety test.
The result: the 2015 Toyota Corolla received damages that would not have been life-threatening for any potential drivers in the cabin, while the 1998 Corolla’s damages would have most likely killed anyone behind the wheel.
Both Toyota models were accelerated to a speed of 64 km/h, or 40 mph for those of us who haven’t adopted the metric system. The vehicles were positioned to crash into each other in a partial-overlap configuration.
When the Corollas finally did collide, both suffered severe exterior damage. However, upon closer inspection, it became evident just how much more severe the damage was to the 1998 model.
While the front end of the modern Corolla was completely ruined, it performed the task of absorbing the damage from the collision as it was designed to do. Because of this, the cabin of the Corolla was able to maintain its shape.
Furthermore, the front and side airbags of the Corolla shielded the dummy driver from the full force of the vehicle’s collision. When all was said and done, the front door of the vehicle was still able to be pried open.
You can observe the damage done to the modern Corolla in the video below:
Whereas the front end of the modern Corolla absorbed the damage of the crash, the front end of the 1998 model collapsed entirely. As such, the front wheel of the vehicle was pushed back into the cabin and the door beam of the Corolla jutted forward.
Such damage caused the cabin of the vehicle to be compromised, placing any potential passengers in serious danger. Furthermore, because airbags weren’t a requirement in all passenger cars at the time, the 1998 Corolla did not come equipped with any.
With nothing to shield the dummy from the damage, its head collided with the steering wheel and dashboard of the vehicle. ANCAP concluded that any driver involved in a crash such as this would not have survived if they drove the 1998 Toyota.
For an in-depth look at just how damaging the crash was for the older Corolla, take a look at the video below:
When the test was completed, ANCAP awarded the 2015 Corolla a score of 12.93 out of 16. Meanwhile, the 1998 model scored a 0.40 out of 16 possible points.
For a complete overview of ANCAP’s demonstration, watch the video below:
The demonstration took place during the 4th United Nations’ Global Road Safety Week, as ANCAP wanted to shed some light on the potential dangers of driving older vehicles. While vehicles built before 2000 only make up 20% of Australia’s vehicle fleet, they were involved in 33% of fatal crashes on the road.
Meanwhile, vehicles built between 2011 and 2016 account for 31% of the country’s current vehicle fleet. These vehicles were only involved in 13% of fatal crashes.
“It is concerning the rate of fatal crashes is four times higher for older vehicles than for new vehicles,” said James Goodwin, ANCAP Chief Executive Officer. “Safety is not a luxury and we want everyone to remain safe on the road, so consumers should look for the safest car they can afford and the safest car that suits their needs.”
Crash Test Advancements: New Toyota Crash Test Dummy Models Posture Before Collisions
America’s Insurance Institute For Highway Safety (IIHS) conducted a similar test in 2014 involving a 1959 Chevrolet Bel Air and a 2009 Chevy Malibu. The results for the Bel Air were even more disastrous than the results for the 1998 Corolla ended up being, with the Bel Air’s entire front cabin collapsing in on itself.
You can watch that test for yourself in the video below:
As long as it’s street-legal, everyone is entitled to drive the vehicle that they want to drive. However, if they want a vehicle that will end up being safer in the long run, then as a rule of thumb, the newer, the better.
Zachary Berry currently resides in the Dayton, Ohio area. However, he enjoys traveling from place to place, as he was born in Oklahoma City and has also lived in Albuquerque and Orlando (such is the life of a military brat). Zachary graduated from Ohio University with a major in Strategic Communication, which is fancy talk for advertising and public relations. Beginning his career at The News Wheel as a lowly intern, he was able to climb his way to the top, eventually claiming his place within the last cubicle on the left. Other jobs that Zachary has held include driving around a safari truck at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. When he’s not putting his nose to the grindstone, Zachary enjoys watching and critiquing movies and television. See more articles by Zachary.


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Thieves steal $40,000 in equipment from NBA film crew near Oracle Arena
East Oakland thieves smashed the windows of an NBA Entertainment van parked Tuesday near the Golden Warriors' Oracle Arena and made off with more than $40,000 in equipment in the middle of the afternoon, according to a San Jose Mercury-News report.
A camera crew working for NBA Entertainment had parked in parking lot across from a Panda Express and went in to eat around 2 pm. When they returned 20 minutes later the crew had discovered that thieves took five laptops, cell phones and cameras, as well as other personal items.
Area police said Thursday they plan to increase patrols in areas media and tourists are expected to frequent during Sunday's Game 2 of the NBA Finals, as well as further games in the series that may take place in Oakland.
Golden State won Game 1 of the series Thursday night in overtime, 108–100. The two teams will face off in Game 2 Sunday at 8 p.m. ET.
- Will Green


Notice of charges for satellite filings
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Charges apply from 1 April to 31 March (inclusive) during each financial year. We reserve the right to vary these charges from time to time.
Ofcom recommends that applicants for satellite filing work read this notice together with the 2019 statement for further details of Ofcom’s charging approach and Ofcom’s separate procedures for the management of satellite filings (PDF, 532.2 KB).


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Henkel picks Avon for expansionLorain Morning Journal, 8/1/06Henkel Consumer Adhesives Inc. announced yesterday its headquarters in Avon will be the site of a 229,000-square-foot warehouse expansion that will create more jobs at the city's leading employer. The adhesive company expects the expansion will result in about 40 new jobs during the next five years, adding to the current 478-employee roster, spokeswoman Heather Sefcik said yesterday.Avon Mayor Jim Smith said the city's planning commission approved the build more than a year ago, and officials have been patiently waiting to hear the good news. ''It's fantastic,'' Smith said yesterday.Henkel chose Avon from a short list of other distribution centers in which they had considered expanding. The list included Mentor, the former headquarters of Ohio Sealants Inc., which Henkel purchased last year, Allentown, Pa., and Edwardsville, Ill.

domain: economics


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domain: design


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Doctor insights on:
Does An Allergic Skin Reaction Have To Be Itchy
I fed papaya to my 6 month old and he had a skin reaction around mouth and neck, what can help to relief the itchiness and irritation?
Nearly everyday I have an allergic skin reaction which gives red dots over my skin, what can I do?!
Allergic rash: Given the limited information (where is the rash, what triggers it, is it itchy, does it go away within a short period of time, etc.), i would suggest that an allergy evaluation might be helpful if there is a suspicion that foods or environmental triggers are responsible. There may be other causes for the rash, in which case seeing your internist and having a physical with lab tests may be needed. ...Read more
I believe I have an allergic skin reaction to the strong indian cooking odor from an adjacent apartment. My skin burns and gets red. What can I do?
Unlikely: A skin reaction has to be from contact to something you applied on it or from something you ingested or took, such as food or medication. It cannot occur from a smell. ...Read more
Have you heard of Nature's Bounty Hair, Skin & Nails causing an allergic skin reaction (could it be from the biotin or hyaluronic acid)?
Could be anything: One could be allergic to anything. This product contains more than just biotin and hyaluronic acid. You could also be sensitive to inert/filler ingredients. And it's possible you have a concidental skin problem unrelated to this product. Stop taking it, and see if your skin condition resolves. Then try again, see if it comes back. But if it's true allergy, you might have worse than just a rash! ...Read more
- Talk to a doctor live online for free
- Allergic reaction red itchy skin
- I have itchy throat and mouth is this an allergic reaction
- Is itchy skin a symptom of allergic reaction to insect bites?
- Ask a doctor a question free online
- How long does a skin allergic reaction last?
- What does an allergic reaction look like on skin?
- Allergic reaction itchy eyes
- Itchy lips allergic reaction
- Talk to a dermatologist online

domain: medical


In this week’s top news pick from MedTech Strategist Market Pathways: CMS wrestled with the opioid abuse epidemic in its latest round of annual payment rules, but device firms’ efforts to better position spine devices, infusion pumps, and neurostimulators as alternatives to opioids for treating pain were largely unsuccessful.Subscribe now to read the full analysis
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'Meet the Innovators' Season 2, Episode 10: A video interview with Andrew Bartynski, co-founder, AesculaTech. Los Angeles-based start-up, AesculaTech, Inc., is developing a platform of temperature-responsive smart materials, including their first product, AesculaGel, a punctal plug for the treatment of dry eye syndrome that is applied as a liquid then solidifies at body temperature and blocks tear ducts.Subscribe now to read the full analysis
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Clinical experience in lung and other cancers shows how precision medicine has implications for the medtech world, particularly in the area of tissue biopsies and interventional treatment procedures.Subscribe now to read the full analysis


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How many people were victims of domestic violence over the last year?
"Domestic violence has fallen from a peak of more than one million incidents in 1993 to just under 400,000 last year, the crime survey said."
The Times, 19 July 2012
"The latest statistics from the British Crime Survey show that every year in the UK more than 1 million women suffer domestic abuse."
The Guardian, 22 July 2012
"We are concerned that the British Crime Survey tells us that there are an estimated 1.2 million women who experience domestic abuse each year in the UK."
Sandra Horley, Chief Executive of Refuge, for the BBC, 23 July 2012
Data measuring domestic violence has yet to be fully touched upon by Full Fact and, with a clash of statistics being witnessed in the press recently, it seems time to clear up any resulting confusion.
In one corner, we have the Times, claiming that under 400,000 people were victims of domestic violence last year, and in the other corner, the Guardian and Sandra Horley of Refuge report that there were more than double the number of cases for females alone last year. How can they both be right?
Taking first the Times article, we are led to the British Crime Survey (BCS) as a source for its statistics on domestic violence. The BCS (since April 2012 known as the Crime Survey for England and Wales) is a large sample survey of victims in England and Wales, carried out by the British Market Research Bureau (BMRB) for the Home Office.
The most recent figures for domestic violence can be found in "Crime in England and Wales 2010/2011", published by the Home Office in July 2011.
The quarterly BCS asks around 50,000 men and women aged 16-59 about crimes they have experienced in the last year. Using the experiences of the respondents for each type of crime, the BCS then estimates the prevalence of each type across the whole of England and Wales.
For domestic violence, the BCS estimated that there were 392,000 incidents of domestic violence across England and Wales in 2010 to 2011.
This does indeed support The Times's claim, as do the figures in the extended tables of the Survey, which report 1,116,000 incidents of domestic violence in 1993.
To give some context of this change, the graph below depicts the BCS statistics of incidents of domestic violence overtime.
The graph shows how there has been a sharp decline in the estimated number of incidents since 1993, which has recently shallowed out.
But is it a reliable measure?
An advantage of the BCS survey is that it does not rely on police reports, meaning it does not exclude any crimes that never came to the attention of the police, which is particularly important for crimes like domestic violence, which has a notoriously low-reportage level.
However, the "Crime in England and Wales 2010/2011" also highlights the shortcomings in the methodology of this BCS data. The statistics above were gathered by face-to-face BCS interviews, which is a method recognised to be unreliable when used to measure domestic violence, due to a significant degree of unwillingless among respondents to disclose such details personally to an interviewer.
This is why the BCS also captures data on domestic violence via a self-completion module, which allows the respondent to write experiences directly onto the interviewer's laptop.
The Home Office make this clear:
"Domestic violence figures that relate to incidents reported in face-to-face BCS interviews should be treated with caution. Prevalence rates for domestic violence derived from the self-completion module are around five times higher for adults than those obtained from the face-to-face interviews"
Indeed, the results for this self-completion module do show overall rates five times higher - at two million in total:
"Seven per cent of women and five per cent of men reported having experienced domestic abuse in the last year, equivalent to an estimated 1.2 million female victims of domestic abuse and 800,000 male victims."
These are the figures given by Ms Horley and the Guardian.
So when a certain level of anonymity is given to the BCS respondents, a much higher incident rate of domestic abuse is reported.
'Domestic violence' and 'Domestic abuse'
Keen-sighted Full Fact readers will have noted another difference between the reports in the Times and the Guardian/Ms Horley. The phrases used in the articles to depict crimes of this sort are different: the Times uses "domestic violence" and the Guardian and Ms Horley use "domestic abuse".
Does this also account for such a difference in the figures? The Home Office are clear that the two aren't exactly the same. While there are significant overlaps, the self-completion figures additionally include emotional and financial abuse, along with threats to do such. It also adds in experiences of sexual assault (and threats and attempts of such) as well as stalking.
So while there are similarities between the terms, it is certainly understandable that figures for 'abuse' should be higher than figures for 'violence' if other factors are being detected.
It still indicates however that the figures for domestic abuse acquired by the self-completion module of the BCS give us a more useful picture of violence anyway - as well as wider factors of abuse.
The large discrepency between the figures quoted in the Times and the Guardian/Ms Horley can be traced to two factors - the different definitions used and the different methods by which the data was gathered.
The Guardian's higher figure is in part because emotional and non-violent coercive factors are being considered, thanks to the more reliable data collection method obtained by self-completion for this particular type of crime.
However the Times's figure, while only referring to domestic 'violence', may still underestimate even this given the face-to-face nature by which the figures are gathered.

domain: sociology


Mini Skeins Selection Box, Limited Edition
Set of five 4 ply 20 gram skeins dyed in two choices of autumnal colours and bright colours. 100% superwash Blue-faced Leicester wool, enough to make a pair of socks or a hat. The colours complement each other very well, and are all dyed with natural dyes. Comes in a box decorated with pressed autumn leaves and makes a lovely gift for someone - or for yourself!
The box of Bright colours contains yarns dyed with cochineal, an insect.
These are produced in small batches so when they're gone they're gone, although more will be available in different colours.
Please note that although every effort has been made to accurately represent colours, there will be some variations between screens.


The Department of Defense has issued a warning in its Interim Space Posture Review that the amount of space junk orbiting the earth has “reached a critical tipping point,” one that could result in a series of chain-reaction collisions that “brings everyday life on Earth to a grinding halt,” according to Popular geek-cetera.
That may be overstating the case slightly, but it’s still an important issue. Here’s the situation: there are about 1,100 satellites orbiting the earth right now. Contrast that to about 370,000 pieces of space junk orbiting the earth, ranging from lost nuts and bolts from spacewalks, to entire decommissioned satellites–all speeding around at about 4.8 miles per second, the report said.
The Pentagon warned that a collision–numerically probable at some point–could generate thousands of pieces of additional junk, which could then cause additional crashes, and so on. This has actually happened a few times in the past, notably with a defunct Russian satellite in 2009 and an errant Chinese missile back in 2007.
A collision could cripple communications, along with civilian and military GPS systems, and the resulting debris clouds could seriously inhibit future satellite deployments, according to the article. (Image credit: NASA)


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Baywatch babe Kelly Rohrbach shows why she’s well-suited to slip into Pamela Anderson’s famous red cossie
Swimwear model set to reprise role of CJ Parker for upcoming movie and judging from the pictures she looks every bit as buoyant as predecessor Pammie
By JACK LING
0:05, 17 Jan 2017
Updated: 5:50, 18 Jan 2017
KELLY Rohrbach shows why she’s well-suited to slip into Pamela Anderson’s red cossie in the new Baywatch film.
Swimwear model Kelly, 26, revives the role of sexy lifeguard CJ Parker – made famous by Pammie in the 1980s – for a comedy remake of the US telly series, out in May.
A trailer shows her performing the trademark slow-motion run along a beach, looking every bit as buoyant.
On her character, Kelly said: ‘I love unlikeable characters. I find them fascinating. The world is uncomfortable with a really-ugly-on-the-inside woman. So uncomfortable. I think that’s funny.’
Baywatch is being produced by Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson, who plays the lead lifeguard Mitch Buchannon, while Zac Efron takes on the role of David Charvet’s Matt Brody. Miss World winner Priyanka Chopra will play villainous Victoria Leeds.
The Rock previously revealed original Baywatch star David Hasselhof would make a cameo in the flick, while Pamela Anderson is officially set to make an appearance.
Kelly split from Titanic star Leonardo DiCaprio last year. She’s clearly making the most of the shingle life.

domain: celebrity


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The Senate has mandated its committee on ethics to probe the amended timetable for 2019 elections.
The resolution of the upper legislative chamber was sequel to a motion sponsored by Dino Melaye, senator representing Kogi West.
While moving the motion on the floor of the Senate, yesterday, Melaye said he did not want to be part of any move targeted at President Muhammadu Buhari, adding that Buhari was not only a party man but also someone he laboured for.
He said: “I rise this morning, heavily disturbed that we took a resolution in this house last week and the aftermath of the resolution had a very serious effect on me as a politician.
“The president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is not only my partyman, but is also a man we all laboured and voted for.
“My brother and colleague, Senator Ovie Omo-Agege addressed the media, and I saw it on Channels and NTA last week, where he said the decision taken by this Senate is targeted at Mr. President.
“If decisions in this Senate are now being teleguided and targeted at any particular person, then that is no longer democracy. That statement to me is weighty”
The motion was referred to the committee on ethics after it was put to a voice vote by Ike Ekeweremadu, Deputy Senate President, who presided.
Last Wednesday, nine senators opposed the amended timetable, saying it might be targeted at the President.


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In 1858 the famed missionary-explorer Dr David Livingstone led an expedition, sponsored by the British Government, to investigate the navigability of the Zambezi River. Artist and storekeeper to the venture was Thomas Baines whose diary of 1858 is published here for the first time together with related correspondence. The text is illustrated with over a hundred of Baines's pencil and water-colour sketches, many of which have not been reproduced before. It was hoped that the Zambezi River would prove to be a major waterway, thus providing access through Portuguese-occupied territory to the uncolonized interior of south-central Africa. There, by the introduction of christianity and trade, Livingstone dreamt that the illicit slave trade could be brought to an end [flap notes]; 251pp.
Condition: Mint, in the publisher's original box.
- Jacket Condition: fine
- Binding Condition: fine
- Overall Condition: fine, in original box
- Size: 4to

domain: geography


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Scandinavian style you'll just eat up--and on. The New Norm dinnerware pieces are simple and refined enough for your fanciest dinners, but casual enough to use for your every day bowl of cereal or slice of pie. Mix and match with the rest of the series to create a set of dinnerware that's all your own. This New Norm Lunch Plate is a smaller, more casual version of the Plate Dish--perfect for a quick sandwich or heating up leftovers from last night's shenanigans.
ABOUT THE MAKER
Today's special is a slice of Denmark. The designers at MENU are constantly obsessing over clever solutions for modern spaces with an eye for classic Scandinavian style in their super functional furniture and accessories. And they're all about high quality craftsmanship, so you can use their super nice stuff every day--for the rest of time.


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Grace in Moonlight
Book 5, Lucani Lovers
This book can be downloaded and read in iBooks on your Mac or iOS device.
As the werewolf king's seasoned tracker, Kaisie Giliati hunts his prey with single-minded focus and never loses his quarry. He's honed his skills for decades but the nature of his job has made for a lonely life. Only his daughter has ever had a claim on his heart. Until he meets the one woman he should never want...
Grace Bellasario has done some awful things in her life...all for her safety of her children. But now she has a target on her back, two children to protect from their evil father and she’s in love for the first time in her life. With a man who should hate her.
Grace doesn’t have a chance in hell of shaking Kaisie off her tail. Now he just needs to keep her alive to live happily ever after…
Great series, need an editor and Cat??!!
Okay, but of a spoiler, but what the heck happens to Cat. So frustrated at the 6th book because it's like I skipped one with regards to Cat.
Needs an editor, some simple turns of phrase and typos can ruin a moment.
Great stories though which is why I've bought all of them.
- Category: Paranormal
- Published: Feb 08, 2016
- Publisher: Moonlit Night Publishing
- Seller: Stephanie Caltagirone Mowery
- Print Length: 222 Pages
- Language: English
- Series: Book 5, Lucani Lovers

domain: literature


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Jim's Commercial Mowing services in Gunnary offer fully trained staff, who can advise you on all aspects of garden care, from plant selection, pruning, fertilization and mulching schedules, watering frequency, pest control, soil pH, plant feed, weeding and wetting agents best suited to each plant, tree and lawn type. It is important that trees, flowers and plants are not damaged when fertilized or mulched.Likewise, watering too frequently can deteriorate soil nutrients and change soil pH levels, reducing the lushness of plants and lawns.Our fully trained gardening team know this, and so much more, so don't leave your business's gardening care to just anyone.
Be assured that all Jim's Commercial Mowing staff are required to have a current police check, are fully insured and fully trained. Plus, our work comes with a 100% money back guarantee.
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Many of our more determined garden pests are not native to Australia but the Citrus Gall Wasp (Bruchophagus fellis) is definitely an Australian grown garden variety pest. Initially, this native wasp was partial to Queensland and northern New South Wales and its favoured congregation was native finger limes. But the citrus gall wasp has quickly […] … Read More
For many homeowners who love working on their garden, clay soil isn’t typically met with much enthusiasm. The general impression is that clay can be quite difficult to work with and that only a few plants can successfully grow in it. For the most part, these can be true — but only if the […] … Read More
This winter season, your landscape should not look lifeless and dreary. Although your turf may look a little duller than usual and some of your plants may have stopped flowering, there are plenty of ways to add colour and vibrancy to your garden. Here are some helpful tips if you are planning on bringing some […] … Read More

domain: agronomy


With a vision to be a pioneer in our domain, we are emerging as one of the leading suppliers of Auto Sliding Door Operator. This door operator is used as an individual solution for todayÃ¯Â¿Â½s living requirements. It comes with the pioneering magnetic levitation operating principle. Its integrated soft motion technology makes it an exceptionally quiet operator offering an outstanding level of safety. It is a modular door operator available in various track heights. Auto Sliding Door Operator is easy to install, has a robust construction and performs noise-free performance. It has standardized mechanical components for all operator types.


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Press "Notify when price drops" button to track Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition price or check other PS4 deals and discounts by pressing "Discounts" button
DLC and Related Games
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4.87 / 5
Release date: May 14, 2021
Subtitles: English, French, Spanish
Voice: English, French
One person is all that stands between humanity and the greatest threat it’s ever faced. Relive the legend of Commander Shepard in the highly acclaimed Mass Effect trilogy with the Mass Effect™ Legendary Edition. Includes single-player base content and over 40 DLC from Mass Effect, Mass Effect 2, and Mass Effect 3 games, including promo weapons, armors, and packs – remastered and optimized for 4K Ultra HD.
RELIVE THE CINEMATIC SAGA: Heart-pounding action meets gripping interactive storytelling where you decide how your unique story unfolds.
EXPERIENCE THE LEGEND OF SHEPARD: Create and customize your own character, from appearance and skills to a personalized arsenal then lead your elite recon squad across a galaxy in turmoil.
REFLECT ON YOUR CHOICES: Your choices seamlessly travel from one game to the next. Each decision you make will control the outcome of every mission, every relationship, every battle – and even the fate of the galaxy itself.
Offline single player
Uses DUALSHOCK 4 vibration function
Remote Play allows users to connect to and play games on their PlayStation®4 or PlayStation®5 using a mobile device, PC, or another PlayStation®4 or PlayStation®5.
Enhanced game play on PS4 Pro console
Offline play enabled
Software subject to license (us.playstation.com/softwarelicense).
One-time license fee for play on account’s designated primary PS4™ system and other PS4™ systems when signed in with that account.

domain: hobby


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MORAINE, Ohio (AP) -- A union official says he expects General Motors' SUV plant in the Dayton suburb of Moraine to close in January or February based on inventory and projected sales.
Harry Bogan, director of Regional 7 for the International Union of Electronic Workers-Communication Workers of America, said Monday that the automaker hasn't set a closing date for the plant that employs about 1,000 workers.
However, Gaylen Turner, president of IUE-CWA Local 798, says GM told him in a letter that the plant will sooner rather than later.
GM plans to close the factory by 2010 or earlier because customers have shifted to smaller vehicles. GM spokesman Tony Sapienza says a closing date hasn't been set. He says officials are trying to decide how many vehicles it will need from the plant.


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Television and film actress who became famous after acting in the television sitcom Strong Medicine and The Thundermans broadcasted on Lifetime and Nickelodeon respectively.Early Life (Childhood)
Parents Rocco and Joyce Blasi gave her birth in Chicago, Illinois. She has four silblings Marina, Tasha, Michael and Rocky. She participated in numerous musiclas and collaborated with Kenny Rogers.Interesting Facts
Rosa has a resounding net worth of $ 1.5 million. From The Bold and the Beautiful she landed on the television industry. 44 yearls old actress has well maintained her body having 34-24-35 inches. Her body mass is 54kg.Personal Life
Firstly she was married to Jim Finn with whom she gas daughter named Kaia Finn. After divorcing with him she again wed locked with Todd William Harris.

domain: entertainment


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Three pension funds with a combined £5.7bn of assets are the most likely candidates to consider pursuing Merrill Lynch Investment Managers after yesterday's out-of-court settlement with Unilever.
Industry sources say the Sainsbury's supermarkets fund is most determined to claim for the way its £3bn of assets were managed in the mid-1990s. Surrey county council's £700m fund and the £2bn Astra Zeneca fund are considering their options.
Unilever's success could prompt trustees of hundreds of pension funds managed by City investment management firms to consider whether legal action might recoup any losses suffered through underperformance of assets.
"Several other pension funds have not had happy experiences. They will be duty bound to examine if they might have a case," a senior industry source said.
Merrill Lynch dismisses suggestions it might face further claims, but Sainsbury's pension fund yesterday strongly hinted that it might enter the chase. "This latest development could be very significant for us. We will be considering our position carefully when further information on the settlement becomes available," a spokeswoman said.
Astra Zeneca, the drugs company, said its pension fund trustees were awaiting details of the deal. It switched its funds from Merrill in the summer but declined to indicate how well the firm performed.
Surrey county council said it was "giving careful consideration" to any grounds for a claim by its £700m fund which removed Merill two years ago.

domain: finance


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SPEED cameras across Wigan Borough have snared more than 8,600 motorists over five years - raking in more than half a million pounds worth of fines.
The camera which caught the most speeding drivers - some 2,087 in three years - is on the A58 Liverpool Road between Hindley and Platt Bridge, which accounted for just under a quarter of all those recorded.
It flashed an average of 13 drivers a week between 2008 and 2010 according to new figures published by road safety chiefs.
The camera has cost motorists fines totalling £125,220 in the 30mph zone.
The second most prolific camera was on the A572 Manchester Road, east of Marsland Green Lane in Leigh.
It caught 1,351 motorists in three years, with fines adding up to £81,060.
The only camera to operate fully between 2006 and 2010 is on the A49 Warrington Road, near Stephens Way.
It recorded 704 drivers - nearly three a week and fines reached £42,240.
Wigan Borough had a total of 16 fixed speed cameras and 28 sites for mobile cameras between 2006 and 2010.
Of the 8,661 motorists caught speeding, 4,439 of them paid fines and had their licences endorsed.
A further 3,735 completed a speed awareness course and 425 were hauled to court.
Across Greater Manchester as a whole, some 176,000 motorists were caught speeding by cameras, resulting in fines totalling £10.5 million.
Greater Manchester Police say the cameras help save lives and educate motorists.
Karen Stringer, Central Ticket Office Manager, GMP said: “GMP aim to do this by the prevention, detection and enforcement of road traffic offences as part of their road traffic policing role, which includes speed.
“This approach encourages change to driver behaviour by the use of safety camera activity and the resulting education courses where the offer of a course is applicable.”
Data on all 151 fixed speed cameras in the region has been published by Greater Manchester Casualty Reduction Partnership.
The partnership says a study of safety cameras in Greater Manchester between January 2007 and December 2009 showed that the number of collisions where people were killed and seriously injured had fallen by more than 48 per cent compared with April 2000 to March 2003.
Josie Wride, Group Leader, Greater Manchester Casualty Reduction Partnership, said: “The primary aim for safety camera deployment is to reduce death and injuries on the roads by reducing the level and severity of speeding.
“ Safety cameras are only ever installed to lower speeds after all possible engineering features have been exhausted at that specific location.”
Wigan’s fixed safety cameras and how many motorists they snapped:
A58 Bolton Road, Riding Lane, Wigan - 300
A49 Wigan Road, jct with Landgate Ind Est, Wigan - 104
B5328, Whelley, north of Stephen’s Avenue, Wigan - 389
A572 Manchester Road, East of Marsland Green Lane, Leigh - 1,351
A58 Liverpool Road, South of Longton Street, Wigan - 2,087
Spring Road, opposite Latham Lane, Wigan - 263
A577, Atherton Road, Wigan - 134
A572 St Helens Road, Leigh - 551
B5206 Shevington Lane, Wigan - 54
A49 Warrington Road, Wigan - 704
B5238 Poolstock Lane, WIgan - 974
B5207 Bryn Road, Ashton-in-Makerfield - 335
A49 Wigan Road, Ashton-in-Makerfield - 32
A577 Orrell Road, Wigan - 385
A49 Wallgate, Wigan - 325
Spencer Road, Wigan - 673


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Mitral valve disease is a common feature of the Marfan syndrome, seen in approximately 80% and 60% of adult and pediatric cases, respectively. Progressive mitral valve dysfunction with secondary left ventricular failure is the most common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in affected infants. The characteristic pathologic changes include annular dilatation, fibromyxomatous and nodular thickening of the leaflets, leaflet fenestration, and elongation and rupture of the chordae tendinae. Indications for surgical intervention include congestive heart failure, progressive chamber dilatation, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, moderate mitral regurgitation, or, rarely, endocarditis. In addition to valve replacement, standard surgical repair techniques are effective in the management of the Marfan mitral valve. Mitral valve repair can often be performed coincident with aortic root replacement. Operative and mid-term follow-up results strongly suggest that current surgical techniques provide a safe and effective means to manage mitral valve dysfunction in pediatric patients with the Marfan syndrome.
- Marfan syndrome
- Mitral valve
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine


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|Other Retailer||Price Checked Time||Their Price in AUD||Our Price|
|Amazon UK||today||37.09||$15.56||You save $21.53|
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The gripping inside story of the 1990 Calcutta Cup - when an England-Scotland rugby match became more than a game.
Tom English was born in Limerick in 1969. He began his career at the Sunday Times and is now chief sports writer for Scotland on Sunday. In 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 he was named Scottish Sports Feature Writer of the Year. He lives in Stirlingshire with his wife and two children.
"I enjoyed this book enormously. The match is one of my enduring rugby memories, and reading The Grudge it all came flooding back" -- John Inverdale "The finest book written on the tournament ... English has produced an absolutely outstanding work, weaving in the strands of history, politics, sociology, dislike and tactical nous, which makes the game probably the most remarkable ever played in the grand old tournament. The insights provided into the minds and roles of Jim Telfer and Brian Moore are worth the price alone" -- Stephen Jones * The Times * "Superb ... a fantastic drama. The Grand Slam match was part of a political world ... This is what gave the occasion its power, its glory and its ultimate significance" * The Herald * "Gripping ... Tom English has interviewed all the main protagonists to produce a richly textured picture of the build-up, the day itself and the aftermath" * Independent * "5 stars. An epic tale of clashing personalities. The Grudge puts you right on the touchline as the English and Scottish teams go to war." -- Simon Briggs * Daily Telegraph *

domain: library


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Overnight Agra the ideal way to experience the nightlife of Agraby krishna kant sharma SEO
The one of the best city to travel in Uttar Pradesh is an Agra, the city famous for their attractive monuments and Tourism and also come under the best destinations to visit ,Agra The city of Taj Mahal’ is well known for their epic monument Taj Mahal and there are so many other monuments of Mughal Era and places like green gardens to visit , so this is the overnight taj mahal tour, the tour is started from Lucknow by car through Highway.
it is full night travel by car just because to enjoy the sunrise of Agra and it takes about four six hours of travel, and it is an Overnight Agra Tour where we enjoy the fabulous beauty of Taj in moonlight and after that, The tour is Again started at morning the Taj Mahal is open in 7 o clock in morning to enjoy the Sunrise Taj Mahal Tour, after the Taj Mahal there are so many monuments to visit like Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Itmad-ud-doula, Mehtab Bagh, Chini ka rouza, taj nature park and a lot more things Like garden to visit.
Itmad-ud-doula is the another most beautiful architecture of Mughal Era, built by mother of Shah Jahan for Nur Jagan’s Father, the tomb is covered with Persian garden and having a perfect geometric structure of wine glasses and all the wall the is covered with handmaid paintings of Mughal era and the floor is furnished with hand and still good and it still holds the beauty of Mughal Era.
The another best monument is Chini ka Rouza, the beautiful monument with glaze tiles this was the only unique building of its type and is built differently from the Mughal structure and styled with turquoise, green, yellow and orange and inside the tomb, you will find the holy Quran inscriptions. And the overall structure is outstanding and it built for the Persian poet, and also an example of Indo Persian architecture and the building faces Mecca, for visiting this tomb no any charges will be taken.
The next place to visit in Agra is Fatehpur Sikri, The monument is built with the red stones and it is also a Jodha Bai’s home and it is built by Akbar to show respect to the Sheikh Salim Chisti and having a religious belief and the masterpiece of Indo-Islam.
And then another one is the Garden that is Mehtab Bagh this garden was open in early morning at 6 o clock the garden is square in shape and known as moonlight Garden and it is in the back sight of the Taj Mahal, it is planned by Babur and Shah Jahan, the fewer part of this beautiful garden was destroyed by flood. So these are the few most visiting places of Agra and at the end, if you are early waking bird so go for Sunrise Taj Mahal Tour and said your friend to take this add-ons package of Taj Mahal Tour in your existing package.
Created on Jan 17th 2019 23:39. Viewed 3,742 times.


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Joined by world-renowned violinist Rachel Barton Pine, the Opening Night concert features a rich collection of music including Rossini’s joyous Barber of Seville, Samuel Barber’s soulful and lyrical violin concerto, and the bold Pictures at an Exhibition by Mussorgsky. Principal Guest Conductor Daniel Hege leads the orchestra.
ROSSINI: Barber of Seville
BARBER: Violin Concerto Op.14
MUSSORGSKY: Pictures at an Exhibition


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Patch’s Playhouse was the idea of our two daughters, Piper & Tatum. Patch's is the name of our yellow lab. Pickles & Buttercup are our other two little dogs at home. The girls help come up with ideas for classes, help with the selection of items to carry and are involved in business making decisions.
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