US 3939670 A
A rotatable drill string of a rock drill in which a torsionally elastic shaft provides a rotary driving connection between the drill string and the rock bit for absorbing the usual excessive torque developing in the string during a drilling operation. A lost motion clutch member becomes effective following a predetermined extreme degree of flexing of the torsion shaft to relieve the latter of further added torque load.
1. The combination comprising a continuously rotatable rock drill string having a drill pipe pilot section defining its forward end, a rock bit, and a unit for limiting excessive torque being imparted to the joints of the drill string drivingly connecting the pilot section with the rock bit; wherein the unit comprises an adapter section of drill pipe threadedly connected to the pilot section having an axially projecting thrust transmitting end face, a coupling threadedly connected to a lower end of the adapter section having an open upper end into which the thrust transmitting end face axially depends, a rock bit rod having a shank depending axially through a hole in a bottom end of the coupling carrying the rock bit at its bottom end, the shank having a collar about its upper end located within the coupling and a thrust receiving end face projecting axially above the collar in underlying abutment with the thrust transmitting end face, a driven clutch member defined by a ring of clutch jaws facing an annular undersurface of the collar, the coupling having an internal annular shoulder faced with an opposed ring of clutch jaws defining a driving clutch member, the jaws of each clutch member being spaced circumferentially from one another by spaces of greater circumferential dimension than the circumferential dimension of the jaws of the other clutch member, and the jaws of each clutch member having a normal position seated centrally of the spaces of the other clutch member, the rock bit having an axially extending bore opening through its thrust receiving end face aligned with an axially extending bore opening out of the thrust receiving end face of the adapter section, and a torsion shaft disposed in part in the bore of the adapter section and in part in the bore of the rock bit rod, wherein the shaft has at its upper end a splined driven connection with the adapter section and has at its lower end a splined driving connection with the rock bit rod.
2. The combination as in claim 1, wherein a central blow hole in the drill string continues through the torsion shaft and opens through the bottom of the rock bit.
This invention is concerned with the provision of a torque absorbing driving connection between a rotatable string of drill pipe of a rock drill and the rock bit.
The conventional string of drill pipe comprises lengths of drill pipe threadedly jointed to one another and to a rock bit at the bottom end of the string. During operation of the drill, the drill string is rotating under the power of a motor. The usual motor employed to rotate the drill string and the bit that the string carries does not have a high torque capability at a steady rate of operation but momentum developed by the motor plus the momentum of the rotating drill pipe during a drilling operation can cause a high torque pulse to be imparted to the bit and to the joints of the pipe comprising the drill string when rotation of the bit is momentarily stopped by impingement with the work. This undesirable high torque causes excessive tightening of the threaded joints connecting the sections of drill pipe and possible cracking or damage to the pipe itself. The excessive tightening of the drill pipe increases the usual difficulty later of loosening the pipe joints when withdrawing the drill string from the drill hole.
Accordingly, it is a general objective of this invention to provide means for absorbing this excessive torque so as to avoid the undesirable effects mentioned.
This objective is accomplished in the present invention by the provision of a torsionally elastic shaft connection between the drill string and the rock bit. The torsion shaft will normally suffice to absorb the excessive torque that occurs at times during a usual drilling operation. When, because of unusual circumstances, the bit stubbornly resists being rotated, a secondary drive means is provided to prevent overloading and further torquing of the torsion shaft. This secondary drive means is in the form of a clutch which responds to the latter situation to relieve the torsion shaft of further load and to transmit any added torque of the drill string directly to the rock bit.
In order that the invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect, the same will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing, of which:
FIG. 1 is a view in longitudinal section illustrating an embodiment of the invention as connecting a rotatable section of drill string pipe with a rock bit; and
FIG. 2 is a detail of the relationship of the jaws of the clutch element in a normal condition.
Referring now to the drawing, the embodiment of the torsionally elastic shaft connection unit 10 illustrating the invention is designed, as indicated in FIG. 1, to connect in axial alignment a rock bit 11 with a rotatable rock drill string 12 of drill pipe 13.
The drill string is connected for continuous rotation during a drilling operation with a conventional rotation motor (not shown); and it is adapted to transmit to the rock bit axial thrusts imparted to the drill string by means of a reciprocating piston member of the rock drill.
The unit 10 includes a drill pipe adapter 14 having an axial socket 15 adapted to be threadedly joined to the depending pin 16 of the last pipe length or pilot section 13 of the drill string. A tubular body or coupling 18 of the unit has an internal threaded connection 19 at an upper open end thereof with the adapter; and has an axial hole 21 in a bottom end wall 22 thereof.
A cylindrical rock bit rod 23 received in the coupling extends slidably through the hole 21 and has an external threaded portion 24 adapted for joining with an axial socket 25 of the rock bit.
Within the interior of the coupling 18, the rock bit has a thrust receiving end face 26 abutting a corresponding thrust transmitting end face 27 of the drill pipe adapter, whereby downward or axial thrusts generated in the drill pipe are transmitted through the rock bit rod to the rock bit.
Intermediately of the ends of the rock bit rod, proximate the upper end of the latter, the rod has a radial annular flange or collar 28. To the underside of the latter is mounted, as by press pins 29 (one being shown), an annular driven upper jaw faced clutch member 31. The latter is provided with flat faced vertically sided jaws 32 separated one from the other by spaces 33. The spaces (as appears in FIG. 2) are greater in their circumferential dimensions than are the jaws.
An opposed lower driving jaw faced clutch member 34 is similarly mounted upon an internal annular shoulder 35 of the coupling. It has jaws 36 and separating spaces 30 corresponding in dimensions to those of the driven clutch member.
While the clutch members are shown as separate members mounted to their respective supports, they may be formed integral with the latter.
The jaws of each clutch member are seated centrally of the opposed spaces of the other clutch member, as indicated in FIG. 2. This is the normal relationship of the jaws and spaces to one another during the usual operation of the drill.
This relationship is normally maintained by means of a torsionally elastic shaft 37 which provides a direct rotary driving connection between the drill string and the rock bit.
The torsion shaft 37 extends loosely through axially aligned bores 38 and 39 respectively of the drill pipe adapter and the rock bit rod. The shaft has a splined driven connection 41 at its upper end with the pipe adapter, and a splined driving connection 42 at its lower end with the rock bit rod. The portion of the shaft between its splined ends is of relatively reduced diameter. The shaft is provided with a central passage or blow hole 43 in continuance of the usual passage provided through the drill string of a rock drill to conduct compressed air through the rock bit to the bottom of the hole being drilled for purposes of clearing the latter of debris.
The connected relationship of the torsion shaft 37 to the drill string and to the rock bit rod normally retains the clutch members in the ineffective clutched condition shown in FIG. 2, wherein the clutch is normally disabled from transmitting any torque drive to the rock bit, all torque transmission being normally transmitted from the drill string through the torsion shaft to the rock bit rod and bit.
In summary of the functioning of the torsionally elastic drive shaft connection unit in the drill string: During a drilling operation, the rock bit is being continuously torqued and repeatedly thrust against the work by the drill string. The rotation of the drill string is transmitted through the torsion shaft to the rock bit and not through the clutch members. The thrusts of the drill string are transmitted to the rock bit through the contacting end faces 27, 26 respectively of the drill string and the rock bit rod.
At times, the rock bit becomes stuck in the work and offers strong resistance to being rotated. This condition is usually brief. When it does occur, the torque of the rotating drill string increases with the developing momentum of the drill string occasioned by the sudden stopping of the rock bit by the work. The excessively developing torque of the drill string is then absorbed by the torsion shaft as the latter is caused by the torque to deflect or twist in a clockwise direction relative to the rock bit.
As the torsion shaft deflects, the jaws of the driving clutch member 34 are carried by the drill string with it through a corresponding angle of motion relative to the jaws of the driven member 31. However, the relatively larger clutch spaces 30, 33 separating the clutch jaws are such as to permit a normal deflection of this nature without the driving jaws 36 effectively engaging the driven jaws 32. Usually, the stopped condition of the rock bit is brief and will be relieved by the torque of the twisting torsion shaft and by the attendant vibrations of the drill string. When relieved, the torsion shaft retwists in the opposite direction to normal condition.
However, under extreme conditions, the nature of the strata of work rock in which the rock bit becomes stuck may be such as to hold the bit stopped longer than usual. When this condition develops, the torsion shaft will continue deflecting until the clutch jaws of the driving clutch member engage those of the driven member. When this occurs, should there be any increased further torque transmitted by the drill string, it would pass through the clutch members to the rock bit until the stopped condition of the rock bit is relieved.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail herein, it is to be expressly understood that the invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made in the design and arrangement of the parts thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is my intent to claim the invention not only as shown and described herein, but also in all such forms and modifications as may reasonably be construed to fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.


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International oil price continues to trade above $100 per barrel despite the United States’ efforts to ensure the Russia, Ukraine crises does not put intense pressure on the energy market.
The US government on Thursday evening announced several economic sanctions for Russia but excluded the country’s energy companies and this immediately had a ripple effect.
Before the end of Thursday, the price of the Brent fell by 2.19 per cent or $2.12 to $98.96 per barrel.
But it did not last long as, by Friday morning, oil price returned to $101.83 per barrel.
Other countries to have announced sanctions include Canada, Britain, the European Union, Australia and Japan.
But similar to the US, the countries’ sanctions did not target Russian bank that deals in Russian oil and gas transactions.
Russia is the world’s third-biggest oil producer and the second-biggest natural gas producer.
So any crisis involving it was bound to roil energy markets and the global economy.
Nigeria misses out on huge windfall
The Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) at the last meeting approved for Nigeria to increase its oil production quota to 1.72 million barrels per day.
With oil trading above $100, that is $38 higher than its benchmark, Nigeria should have expected N71.5 billion from crude oil sale every day.
But several disruptions and challenges as highlighted by Timipre Sylva, Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, in our earlier report means Nigeria is missing out on a windfall.
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domain: politics


Talk about "As the World Turns": A sped-up video of Earth spinning through space shows a dizzying array of clouds and continents from a satellite located 1 million miles (1.6 million kilometers) away.
The time-lapse video of 3,000 images shows pictures taken every 2 hours. The pictures come courtesy of the EPIC camera on the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite. The satellite is located at a gravitationally stable spot in space between the Earth and the sun known as a Lagrange point.
"EPIC takes a new picture every 2 hours ... capturing the ever-changing motion of clouds and weather systems and the fixed features of Earth such as deserts, forests and the distinct blues of different seas," NASA Goddard officials wrote in the video's description. [DSCOVR: The ;Deep Space Climate Observatory Mission in Photos]
"EPIC will allow scientists to monitor ozone and aerosol levels in Earth's atmosphere, cloud height, vegetation properties and the ultraviolet reflectivity of Earth," the officials said.
The first picture from this spacecraft was sent on July 26, 2015, EPIC's lead scientist, Jay Herman, said during the video's narration. From EPIC's vantage point hanging in space, the instrument records images in 10 different wavelengths. Those wavelengths of light are then combined to create an image close to what the human eye would see.
The video slows down briefly to show the moon's shadow racing across Earth in March 2016, during a total solar eclipse. The spacecraft also records the sun rising and setting about 13 times each day from itsthe satellite's perspective.
One of EPIC's scientific goals is to track the motion of clouds, which reflect light from the sun and keep the planet cool. They also trap heat from the Earth's surface, Herman said, so changes in cloud cover affect the heat balance of the planet.
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But the primary scientific goal of DSCOVR is to monitor the constant stream of charged particles that fly from the sun, known as the solar wind. Providing better forecasts of the solar wind helps the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) create real-time alerts about solar activity, which can affect satellites and power lines.
DSCOVR is a partnership amongst NASA, NOAA and the U.S. Air Force.
Editor's note: This story has been updated to correct the type of eclipse DSCOVR saw in March 2016. It was a total solar eclipse, not lunar eclipse.
Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. She was contributing writer for Space.com for 10 years before joining full-time. Elizabeth's reporting includes multiple exclusives with the White House and Office of the Vice-President of the United States, an exclusive conversation with aspiring space tourist (and NSYNC bassist) Lance Bass, speaking several times with the International Space Station, witnessing five human spaceflight launches on two continents, flying parabolic, working inside a spacesuit, and participating in a simulated Mars mission. Her latest book, "Why Am I Taller?", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. in Space Studies from the University of North Dakota, a Bachelor of Journalism from Canada's Carleton University and a Bachelor of History from Canada's Athabasca University. Elizabeth is also a post-secondary instructor in communications and science at several institutions since 2015; her experience includes developing and teaching an astronomy course at Canada's Algonquin College (with Indigenous content as well) to more than 1,000 students since 2020. Elizabeth first got interested in space after watching the movie Apollo 13 in 1996, and still wants to be an astronaut someday. Mastodon: https://qoto.org/@howellspace


HENDERSONVILLE, Tennessee—St. Louis achieved the largest occupancy and revenue-per-available room increases during the week of 13-19 May, according to data from STR, parent company of HotelNewsNow.com.
The market’s occupancy rose 13.8% to 74.1%, its RevPAR grew 16.7% to $66.09 and its average daily rate was up 2.5% to $89.23.
Overall, the U.S. hotel industry’s occupancy ended the week with a 1.1% increase to 66%, ADR increased 3.2% to $106.55 and RevPAR jumped 4.3% to $70.33.
Among the top 25 markets, Houston was the only other market to report a double-digit occupancy increase, up 12.1% to 69.9%.
San Diego achieved the only double-digit ADR increase, up 11.1% to $130.41.
Three markets, excluding St. Louis, reported double-digit RevPAR increases: Houston (+15.8% to $68.01); Nashville, Tennessee (+11.9% to $72.28); and Miami-Hialeah (+11% to $118.82).
Denver experienced the largest decreases in all three metrics for the week. Occupancy was down 7.7% to 75%; ADR decreased 4.3% to $103.45; and RevPAR was down 11.7% to $77.56.
Among the chain-scale segments, the midscale segment reported the largest occupancy increase, up 2.8% to 59.5%, followed by the economy segment with a 2.1% increase to 57.5%. The upper-upscale segment (-2% to 76.6%) and the luxury segment (-1% to 77.5%) reported the only decreases for the week.
The luxury segment led all segments in ADR increases, rising 5.4% to $281.46, followed by the economy segment with a 4.6% increase to $53.43.
The economy segment (+6.8% to $30.71) and the midscale segment (+5.9% to $44.26) experienced the largest RevPAR increases for the week.


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The United Nations has called participatory budgeting a “key dimension of good governance,” yet many people do not know what it is. First used in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre in 1989, participatory budgeting is a process where community members decide how to spend a portion of government funds. The premise is simple: give people total control over a portion of a budget and achieve more accountability and transparency in the outcomes. According to Public Agenda, from 2014 to 2015, $50 million in public funds were allocated based on the decisions of more than 70,000 U.S. and Canadian residents whose districts or cities used a participatory budgeting model.
Within the Equality Indicators, the extent to which residents are able to engage in participatory budgeting is viewed as a good measure of civic engagement, a key topic area under the theme of Justice. The 2016 Equality Indicators report found an increase in the number of New York City (NYC) city council districts engaging in participatory budgeting from the previous year: 28 out of a total of 51 districts, four more districts than in 2015. For disadvantaged groups, participatory budgeting provides a platform and process for more inclusion in the democratic process. For instance, unlike in general elections, participatory budgeting is open to young people under the age of 18 and non-citizens.
The Equality Indicators got a chance to talk with Jennifer Godzeno, a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Culture of Health Leader, and the Deputy Director at the Participatory Budgeting Project in NYC, about the organization’s work in helping implement participatory budgeting across the country and in Canada.
You provide toolkits, training, and other resources to community organizers and advocates to help them implement participatory budgeting. From your experience, what are the most common obstacles to implementing it?
One of the most common obstacles to starting participatory budgeting (PB) is the idea that you need “new” or “extra” money to do PB.
What we spend a lot of time telling people is that there is existing money on the table that already requires decision-making. And that a lot of the time those decisions are being made in a way that doesn’t include the people most impacted by them.
For example, I sit on the City of Stamford, CT, planning board where we are involved in allocating a $25-30 million capital budget. We get requests that total over $100 million, and it’s our job to narrow those very worthwhile needs down.
We have a public hearing to ask people to help us do that, but it’s not structured in a way to let people help with tough choices like spending money on street improvements vs. equipment that the fire department needs.
These are real choices that are being made right now and there is no reason that PB can’t be used to make these decisions.
The other major obstacle that we hear all the time builds on that example. We hear that the public doesn’t even show up for public hearings so why would we think that they’ll show up and volunteer for weeks and months to do PB?
For us, the main difference between the public hearing and PB is the power.
When you show up at a budget hearing and get 2 minutes at the mic, it’s disempowering. You sit and wait and listen for who knows how long, sometimes hours. Then, you get 2 minutes to talk. No one is required to do anything based on your recommendations or be accountable in any way. That’s why public meetings are often boring and disempowering.
But when you get the opportunity to dig in to a real PB process, you know that the hours you put in will have a direct impact on what the public sees. That’s what empowerment looks like. Decision makers and your community see your work and, if they vote for it, it gets implemented.
You call your volunteers “amplifiers.” Can you tell us a little about why you chose that description and why it fits with what they do?
PB Amplifiers usually get involved with participatory budgeting in their local context as advocates or volunteers. Then, they decide to build on their experience and expertise to help us bring PB to more budgets, in more communities, so that more people can see the power of community control and democracy in action.
The PB Amplifiers support the work of our organization by reaching audiences that we can’t reach directly. They boost the message and, together, help our tools, materials, and processes make government work better for more people.
PB needs more people who believe in communities to add their voices and amplify the impact of this process!
Your most recent whitepaper, “Next Generation Democracy,” talks about participatory budgeting in the context of “rising civic disengagement.” How does participatory budgeting re-engage people? Are the results sustainable?
When I joined the Participatory Budgeting Project, I came with experience using existing political and civic engagement systems to win improvements to city streets. It was really hard to get those improvements in the ground, even with strong public support.
The root of the challenge is because the power structures and timelines for decision-making is unclear.
Sometimes public debate drags on for years. Residents don’t want to spend 4 years of Tuesday evenings to fight with a handful of elected or appointed officials over $40,000 of improvements on 5 blocks of street. They want to see an impact!
PB counteracts the uncertainties and ambiguities.
In PB, public input is not advisory, it is binding.
People have real power and that’s what keeps them coming back. It’s not a listening session, it is a guarantee that the will of the people will be enacted. And it’s clear where the power lies. An elected official has promised to hand over authority to constituents to decide throughout the whole process, from start to finish. From brainstorming ideas, through developing proposals that will be on the public ballot.
As interest in PB grows, the stakes should grow, and that will increase the number of people participating and create a virtuous cycle. PB shouldn’t be deciding the same pot of money each year. There is no reason why we couldn’t apply PB in NYC to billions of dollars instead of about $40 million that we have in the pot right now.
To sustain public engagement, the stakes should match the commitment of participants. Our long-term aspiration is to see an across the board allocation of 2%, 3%, 10%, or even 15% of city budgets across the United States and Canada decided through PB.
Participatory budgeting sits at the center of many intersections and areas of expertise: public health, youth engagement, racial equity, and community development are a few you have mentioned. What qualities or past experiences are common among those who tend to be engaged in participatory budgeting work?
What’s beautiful about PB is that you don’t have to be a budget wonk – a person with deep experience or professional knowledge about budgets. Or an equity wonk. Or an anything wonk. You don’t have to be a community organizer in the past or one of the usual suspects – the people who actually do show up to those boring budget meetings I mentioned above.
There is a tremendous diversity of expertise and backgrounds in each community and what I love about PB is the way that it’s accessible to people no matter what their background because they are experts in where they live and what they need.
When you set the pot of money so that what it could be spent on is very broad, it allows for people of widely varying interests to come together. There is a common experience of learning more about your neighbors and communities, which makes democracy work better for everyone.
What are some surprises about participatory budgeting and the workings of democracy you have experienced in your time at the organization?
To me the biggest surprise, and joy, of PB is the way that it moves beyond the usual suspects in local government and politics.
Because of the way PB is structured, it brings in more people. This happens because you‘re not just there for your two minutes at the mic. You’re engaging in deep dialogue. It lets you think about how worthy and needed other projects might be for the community.
I love hearing stories about when someone shows up for their own pet project and by the time they reach the end of the process their idea isn’t on the ballot but they’re advocating for a need that they’d never imagined.
Who most inspires the work you do?
The participants. The people who show up to a civic event for the first time. The young people who vote for the first time. The family participating together. The people who never felt like there was room for them in civic life.
It is a constant surprise in PB, how diverse the participants are. We get people who are consistently underrepresented in politics as usual to participate in PB.
An important, tangible way to move equity and racial justice forward in the United States is PB because it gives you a seat at the table.
PB is a new way to gain the knowledge of government that you need to access more conventional ways of being community leader. Participating can be a stepping-stone to running for office or organizing in other ways with new members of your community.
Traditional models of civic engagement aren’t working when we see such a disconnect between the elected leaders and the people they are meant to serve. PB is a new pipeline for the thousands of new leaders who need to rebuild democracy.
This is a part of the Equality Indicators’ Change Maker Q&A series. This ongoing blog series aims to highlight individuals and organizations who are actively working to increase equality. The views expressed here are those of the featured change maker and do not necessarily reflect the views of CUNY ISLG.

domain: sociology


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Reading over a few of the best joyful quotes is always a good idea. After all, one of the most important things you can do when you’re down is to remind yourself that there is a light at the end of the tunnel and that better days are ahead. We’ve put together a list of the best and most inspiring happiness quotes in the hopes that they’ll make you smile.
- 1. Happiness comes from peace. Peace comes from indifference. – Naval Ravikant
2. Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. -Mahatma Gandhi
3. One of the keys to happiness is a bad memory. – Rita Mae Brown
4. Happiness is a state where nothing is missing. – Naval Ravikant
5. He who lives in harmony with himself lives in harmony with the universe. – Marcus Aurelius
6. Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to you without leaving happier. -Mother Theresa
7. Three grand essentials to happiness in this life are something to do, something to love, and something to hope for. – Joseph Addison
8. Happiness is a function of accepting what is. – Werner Erhard
9. Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated. – Confucius
10. Time you enjoy wasting is not wasted time. – MartheTroly-Curtin
11. Now and then it’s good to pause in our pursuit of happiness and just be happy. – Guillaume Apollinaire
12. Happiness is a gift and the trick is not to expect it but to delight in it when it comes. – Charles Dickens
13. In our lives, change is unavoidable, loss is unavoidable. In the adaptability and ease with which we experience change, lies our happiness and freedom. – Buddha
We hope you enjoyed these feel-good quotes about happiness and wish you nothing but joy and satisfaction in life. These quotations on happiness are a great place to start. After all, we’re happier, healthier, and more successful when we’re happy.

domain: literature


Mark Kindt Takes Posts Of The Year With His Honesty In Goverment Series
Each year we have some fun with Post of the Year, but this year one member, an Ex-Assistant Attorney General of the State of Ohio, and an ex-Department of Justice attorney, who brought an entire series, was selected and singled out. To be honest it is something every Lakewoodite needs to read. It has little to do with the hospital, outside of City Hall’s actions. Mark Kindt underlines what norms people should expect from their Government, based on decades of experience.
FROM THE NEWEST TO THE OLDEST
Civic Accountability -- Honesty in Local Government IV
by Mark Kindt » Sun Nov 05, 2017 4:42 pm
Harassment and Intimidation of Citizens and Impairment of Free Speech
I want take a moment and summarize what I know about the harassment and intimidation of local citizens who are critical of the public policies of the city administration.
1. Public officials organized themselves and others in a smear campaign to file a series of false complaints to the Lakewood Police Department against a pro-hospital citizen.
2. Pro-hospital citizens were sent harassing postal mail by a city employee.
3. Citizens critical of city policies had to defend themselves and expend funds to fight subpoenas related to a SLAPP lawsuit.
4. The Lakewood Observer had to defend itself and expend funds to fight a SLAPP lawsuit.
5. The Lakewood Observer was / is banned from Lakewood City Hall.
6. Thoughtful comment critical of city administration policies, such as the pit bull ordinance, is deleted from the Lakewood Community group page on facebook.
7. Some citizens have been blocked from this group page.
8. One or more partisans of the city administration created a false government document to harass a local citizen as recently as this past Friday.
These are only the incidents that I am aware of. Others are much closer to this experience than I am. If you have been the victim of such harassment, I encourage you to stand-up and speak-out.
If you are aware of other wrong-doing in the city administration, I encourage you to stand-up and speak-out.
This pattern runs across three years. We need to be vocal about this with our elected representatives and at the ballot box.
These are among the reasons that I am calling for widespread municipal reform in Lakewood.
Civic Accountability -- Honesty in Local Government III
by Mark Kindt » Mon Sep 25, 2017 3:45 pm
Major Financial Misstatements in Official City of Lakewood Documents and Records
On October 13, 2016, the City Finance Director signed an affidavit under oath that was submitted to the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. (“Exhibit A” attached)
Just a month later, on November 15, 2016, the City Finance Director issued the official 2017 Budget for the City of Lakewood.
Each document contains wildly different estimates of amounts to be paid to the City of Lakewood under the Master Agreement.
My conclusion is that a false affidavit was knowingly and intentionally filed with the Court.
The sworn affidavit of the City Finance Director has major problems:
1. The city administration has propounded a false statement to an Ohio appellate court.
2. The city administration has made multiple material misrepresentations in that affidavit with respect to the financial condition of the City entirely inconsistent with the securities laws and the City’s own public documents.
The falsity of the sworn affidavit is not only verified by the text of the Master Agreement, but is confirmed by a second official City of Lakewood public record, the 2017 City Budget.
See, if you can find the missing $32 Million in the 2017 City Budget. We will take a look at that in the next post. Folks, it just ain’t there. (Clue: start at page 2 in the Budget.)
What the hell is going on in our city administration?
Civic Accountability -- Honesty in Local Government II
by Mark Kindt » Tue Dec 13, 2016 11:03 am
In this second series on Civic Accountability, I do first want to laud those who have chosen to enter public service as government employees or elected officials. I also want to acknowledge the hard-work and long-hours that go with the choice of serving the public. Further, as citizens we can all celebrate our local civic accomplishments.
As citizens, residents, voters and taxpayers in a democracy, we have the full set of skills to participate in this democracy that we, as a nation, have created. Wonder to the world that it is.
In my last series on Civic Accountability, we reviewed how the disregard of honesty, openness and transparency has actually and potentially increased the legal liability to the City and to its public officials. We went through specific examples that were documented. In fact, the documents were presented for your actual review. Our review also identified some problems in civic governance.
Considering that a former mayor was indicted and that approximately 70 public officials and other individuals in Cuyahoga County were sent down the river in recent memory, it seems quite surprising that the City of Lakewood doesn’t appear to have a vibrant and modern ethics-in-government policy.
In this series, we will explore what this means and whether we can improve the performance of our City. This is something that as citizens we can do together.
I’m sure that many of you work under codes-of-conduct in your workplaces, this will be familiar ground for all of us. I intend to just remind you what you already now or can easily learn about.
Civic Accountability -- Honesty in Local Government I
by Mark Kindt » Sat Dec 03, 2016 5:26 pm
In January of 2015, we learned that the City had a plan that had $120 million dollars in value for our community. That number was repeated by elected and appointed city officials. It was published in our water bill inserts. It was a material representation about the financial condition of our city. Was it true or false? Or, mere hyperbole, perhaps?
Since our city participates in the municipal bond market, our city officials have to comply with the federal securities laws. These are the national laws that relate to the regulation of stocks and bonds. Our officials have a duty not to make public statements that are materially misleading or omit material information. Did they violate that duty with statements related to the future of Lakewood Hospital?
In this thread, I will explore whether our elected and appointed city officials have violated these laws. I actively encourage you to join in this review with me. We have a very easy starting point. For short, I call it the "SEC Harrisburg Release". It is a short document at the SEC website that carefully and in very direct terms explains why local public officials have a duty of honesty with respect to statements about financial conditions of their localities.
Publisher, Lakewood Observer, Inc.


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It was just over fifteen years ago that I first became interested in the pottery industry of Alberta, and especially Medalta, when Jack Forbes visited the Glenbow Museum in Calgary to select items for a forthcoming exhibit. Much to his and my surprise the Glenbow had few pieces other than a good variety of stoneware products such as crocks, churns, jugs, footwarmers (pigs), bean pots, ginger beer bottles and pickle jars. Hotel china was represented by only two or three pieces, and even the domestic wares consisted solely of a few teapots, pitchers and mixing bowls.
Since no museum in Alberta had a representative collection of the products made by the various pottery factories located in Alberta, the decision was made to build one and from that moment on my interest in the products just grew and grew. Not only did I have the opportunity to add to Glenbow’s collections, but I also had the pleasure of traveling across Canada, meeting many collectors, making new friends, and of course, recording their collections and the ones held by various Canadian museums.
It is the museums and private collectors which I visited that have made this booklet possible. They gave me free access to their collections to make notes and take photographs of the items and the stamps on them. While it is not possible to name every museum and collector that helped me, I would like to specifically mention a few of them.
Museums with fifty or more pieces of Medalta include the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Hull, Quebec, which acquired the Richard and Jean Symonds collection of about 800 items, the Medicine Hat Museum and Archives, the Glenbow-Alberta Institute of Calgary, the Provincial Museum and Archives in Edmonton and the Friends of Medalta Society. The Glenbow Museum, and particularly its photo department, deserves special mention as their staff took many of the photographs of the stamps and other markings illustrated in this booklet.
Again I must limit my list of collectors to those with substantial collections. Beth Anderson, Gordon and Keitha Armstrong, Bill Borgwardt, George Bruinsma, Trudy Cowan, Sid Dawes, Vicki Douglas, Gene Elgert, Jerry Frost, Herb Hlady, Bill Kellett, Guy Levesque, Kathy Malmberg, Ted Nicholson, Barry O’Neill, Gene Sabo, Tony Schlachter, Allan Sulatycyk, Jeanne Tompkins and Enid Yates all freely made their collections available to me for study.
I should be mentioning many others but to list everyone that has written me would be all but impossible. But to each and every one of you goes my thanks as your contributions no matter how small all contributed to the final result.
Copyright rongetty.com, All Rights Reserved

domain: history


text:
We, named below, believing in the freedom of speech and tolerance, withdrawing the present actions and believes of people and politicians, without any political interest, focusing on humanity and our previous cooperation with MKO and regarding our personal experiences with MKO, declare that: A: gradually after the residence in Iraq, criticizing the leaders (Masud and Maryam Rajavi) and their policies became impossible. Following the long residence in Iraq, insisting on one’s interests, opinions and critics were considered as anti-revolutionary action and were oppressed seriously.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association
February 1st, 2008 1. Saeed Soltanpour, journalist, human rights activist, Canada
2. Mohammad Mohammadi,Canada
3. Mohammad Houshmand, Socialist ,former member of NLA,USA
4. Soheila Behboudi-Germany
5. Mahboube Baraati- Netherlands
6. Batoul Maleki – Switzerland
7. Nasrin Behboudi – Netherlands
8. Kazem Husseini – Netherlands
9. Mohammad Hussein Sobhani – Germany
10. Jaafar Baqalinezhad.Norway
11. Siamak Gilani – Norway
12. Soheila Nowrouzi – Canada
13. Elham Nowrouzi – Canada
14. FArideh Baraati – Netherlands
15. Mother Rezwan – Sweden
16. Behzad Alishahi
17. Habib Khorami – Netherlands
18. Edward Termado – defector , former prisoner of Abu Qoraib
19. Ali Qashqavi – defector ,former prisoner of Abu Qoraib
20. Seid Amir Movasaqi- defector , former prisoner of Abu Qoraib
21. Masud Khodabandeh, Britain
22. Ann Singleton, Britain
23. Azra Asadi , Netherlands
24. Reza Asadi , Netherlands
25. Majid Farahanian, Netherlands
26. Roya Rondsaz , Netherlands
27. Karim Haqi, Netherlands
28. Naser Razavi , Sweden
29. Mitra Yousefi ,Sweden
30. AliReza Nabavi, wounded in MKO operation ,Sweden
31. Masud Jabani ,writer and human rights activist
32. Ali Shams, writer and human rights activist
33. Javad Firouzmand, human rights activist, France.


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What Happened on September 24
- 1180 Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies. The Byzantine Empire slips into terminal decline.
- 1493 Christopher Columbus embarks on his second expedition to the New World, setting sail with a fleet of 17 ships
- 1789 US Federal Judiciary Act passes, creating a six-person Supreme Court
- 1869 Black Friday; Wall St panic after Gould & Fisk attempt to corner gold
- 1877 Battle of Shiroyama, decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion
- 1950 Operation Magic Carpet concludes after having transported 45,000 Yemenite Jews to Israel
- 1994 National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and various others to help fight against dictatorship in Myanmar
- More Historical Events
Sep 24 in Film & TV
- 1968 "60 Minutes" premieres on CBS-TV
Sep 24 in Music
- 1957 "Jailhouse Rock" single released by Elvis Presley (Billboard Song of the Year 1957)
Sep 24 in Sport
Did You Know?
The President of the Latter-day Saints Wilford Woodruff issues a manifesto advising members that the teaching and practice of polygamy should be abandoned
On September 24, 1890
Would You Believe?
1st autopsy and coroner's jury verdict is recorded in Maryland
On September 24, 1657
- 1487 Founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak marries Mata Sulakhani in Batala
- 1949 Retired American MLB outfielder Ty Cobb (61) weds American divorcée Frances Cass (40); divorce in 1956
- 1953 American "Gilda" actress Rita Hayworth (34) weds Argentine singer Dick Haymes (35) at The Sands Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas; divorce in 1955
Articles, Photos and Quiz
Airship Bomb Crew Meet their Match in PolicemanThey dropped their bombs and planned to escape, but the German airship crew hadn’t reckoned on the tenacity of a lone British policeman on his bike.
September 24, 1916
Weekly Quiz for September 23-29Did Napoleon Bonaparte graduate from his military academy 42nd out of 51? What year was Nintendo founded in Japan? And more questions from this week in history.


text: Plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important link that mediates chemical communication between plants and plants, plants and insects, and plants and natural enemies of insect pests. In this study, we tested the response in the selective behavior of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, to the VOCs of kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., to explore their “attraction” or “repellent” effects regarding their application in integrated pest management (i.e., IPM). The results indicated that 12.7 μL/mL (E, E, E, E)-squalene, 3.2 μL/mL dioctyl phthalate, and 82.2 μL/mL ethyl benzene had a significantly attractive effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, while 10.7 μL/mL and 21.4 μL/mL 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl phenol had a significantly repulsive effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, showing that F. occidentalis responds differently to specific concentrations of VOCs from P. vulgaris plant emissions. Interestingly, the three compounds with the specific above concentrations, after being mixed in pairs, significantly attracted F. occidentalis compared to the control treatment; however, the mixture with the three above compounds had no significant different effect on F. occidentalis compared to the control treatment. It can be seen that the effect with the mixtures of three kinds of VOCs had the same function and may not get better. Simultaneously, the reasons for this result from the transcription levels of odorant-binding protein genes (OBPs) were determined. There were differences in the types and transcription levels of OBPs, which played a major role in the host selection behavior of F. occidentalis under the mixed treatment of different VOCs. It is presumed that there are specific VOCs from P. vulgaris plants that have a good repellent or attracting effect on the selective behavior of F. occidentalis, which can be used for the development of plant-derived insect attractants and repellents to serve as IPM in fields. But attention should be paid to the antagonism between plant-derived preparations and VOCs produced by plants themselves after application.

domain: chemistry


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The perfect assassination, Jason Bourne might tell you, is one where there is no evidence of who did it. But even better is an assassination, or murder, where it looks like the victim died of natural causes. That’s what allegedly happened to former Venezuelan president, Hugo Chavez (courtesy the Central Intelligence Agency), and to the Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat (courtesy the Mossad).
And that’s what appears to have happened to Robert Ludlum, the creator of Jason Bourne. Officially, Ludlum died quietly of a heart attack in his Florida home in 2001. That was what his family believed, and that was the end of the story. But ten years later, quite by chance, a different picture began to emerge.
Ludlum’s nephew, Kenneth Kearns, was working on a biography of his late uncle. Halfway through his research he stumbled upon some disturbing new facts, and what started out as research into Ludlum’s life ended up as research into the circumstances ofhis death. Ironically, it seemed, the man who lived by assassination (so to speak), might have himself died by assassination. To help him solve the mystery, Kearns put together ateam of top lawyers and private investigators.
Rhymes with ‘hoodlum’
Ludlum had led a fascinating life. He married his college sweetheart, Mary, and for many years both of them had successful careers in the theatre. Then one day, according to literary legend, he saw two old black-and-white photographs juxtaposed side-by-side in a magazine: one of Nazi Party members parading in their uniforms, and the other of a wheelbarrow-load of hyper-inflated German Reichsmarks. And that triggered off an idea – what if Adolf Hitler’s rise had been inspired by a shadowy group of international financiers? The result was a short story, which Ludlum later expanded into the best-selling The Scarlatti Inheritance.
The book’s success pushed Ludlum into becoming a full-time writer, following up on his early success with The Osterman Weekend and The Matlock Paper, and developing a trademark style that blendedcarefully researched fact and fiction into a compelling formula, perfect for the best-seller lists. Literary snobs sneered and rhymed the name Ludlum with “hoodlum” but, as a critic famously wrote of one of his books, “It was a lousy novel, so I stayed up until 3 a.m. to finish it.”
Over a period of 30 years, Ludlum went on to average nearly one novel a year. And in the process he became enormously wealthy, with an income estimated at $5 million a year and a lifestyle that included a beachfront mansion in Florida, a ranch in Montana and a private jet. A significant part of that wealth had come from his three Jason Bourne books, which were among the biggest of his best-sellers.
The manipulative second wife
But then, Mary, Ludlum’s wife and long-time soul-mate, died of cancer in 1996. Lonely and depressed, he re-married within a few short months, and his friends were concerned. His new wife, Karen, was seen by Ludlum’s associates (some of them former police and intelligence types) as being manipulative. She soon began to isolate him from his friends and family. But, more ominously, when Ludlum’s lawyer proposed that she sign a pre-nuptial agreement, she refused, and threatened to end the relationship. Ludlum went ahead and married her regardless. Four years later, he died of a heart attack, and a large part of his fortune went to Karen.
Nobody thought much of it at the time. It was only when Kenneth Kearns began to collect material for Ludlum’s biography a few years later that a different picture began to take shape. Kearns discovered that in January 2001, Ludlum had changed his will, bequeathing the major portion to Karen, his new wife – and adding a codicil that anyone contesting the will would be cut out of it. Two weeks later, there was a mysterious fire in his home. When the fire service arrived, they found Ludlum trapped in his reclining chair and badly burned. The only other person in the house was Karen. There were fire extinguishers in the house but none of them had been used. When the fire-fighters tried to question Karen she became aggressive and abusive, telling them to “Get the f*** out of here, I’m fixing myself a drink.”
Ludlum was in hospital for weeks, being treated for burns (during which time, incidentally, Karen never visited him). A month after he was discharged he died, ostensibly of a heart attack. There was no autopsy. And his body was hurriedly cremated. Shortly after, Karen was overheard by the domestic help having a long phone conversation with her lawyer about the will, and the amount that was due to her. It might have all been a series of coincidences; but then, again, it might not.
The perfect murder?
Kearns’s biographical research began to take on the nature of a criminal investigation, and various unsettling facts began to come to light. Such as the fact that Ludlum had told one of his associates that a few days before the fire at his home, there’d been a probable attempt on his life on a lake near his Montana ranch. And the fact that Ludlum’s son, who had been trying to investigate his father’s death, and to challenge his will, had disappeared, and his body was discovered only a month later.
The obvious thing would be to get the police to interrogate Karen Ludlum, and to thereby try to get to the truth. Except that there was a problem: Karen Ludlum herself was, by now, dead.
So who was responsible? Was it Karen? Or was it not?
Or was it, in some metaphysical way, Jason Bourne, the man who was largely responsible for the tempting millions that Ludlum was worth?
Whatever it was, it may have been the perfect murder. Because, officially, the records say that Robert Ludlum died of a heart attack.

domain: library


text:
Publish. Read. Get Read.
Random First Lines:James has a family of six his wife, Jennifer two daugters, gwen and emily three sons, matthew jones and ben. James is not the type of 'rich'... » Read
A personal story of my experience with addiction and the negative views of others who believe that Methadone and other drugs for the treatment of addiction is simply trading one addiction for another. I provide insight into the daily life of an addict and how drugs like Methadone, suboxen or...
Belief. Is just that.
Poetry | Updated Aug 31, 2011 | Reads: 1 | Comments: 0 | Likes: 0

domain: psychology


text:
We welcome Mula on the djmarz.com site. The first Remix/Mashup he published here is a remix of Rob Lemon’s Perfect. Keep them comming Mula !!
DJMarz.com brings you House Mixes from Marz, Scheffie, Mula, TNTinus, Biels, and Doc Rogers
These are all full hour mixes or mashups in various styles mixed live or edited on a DAW. They where transmitted on air by Fresh FM, NRG Radio and Stad FM, CANTV Boliva and on the web by www.djsyndicate.org, Real Dance Radio (UK), Quest FM London and other webradio stations.
You can download them by choosing one of the options from the ‘Mixes’ button on the top menu or stream them directly on the Mix Player.
Our mixes and mashups are released on a non-regular base !
Don’t hesitate if you want to transmit one of these mixes on your radio station but give us some credits and send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org
Hi ! It was time for an other funky vocal housemix… Clubmix 027 is the one..
A new mix from Praveen has arrived…
See also http://www.praveen.nl for more of Praveen
Vanaf volgende week is de nieuwe site van Praveen online.. check hem maar even: http//:www.praveen.nl
Clubmix 025 – Funky Noise…….
There he is, Clubmix 025, Funky Noise.. This time also a funky uptempo clubmix mixed by Marz. Hope you enjoy it !
Clubmix 024 – We Play House…….
Finaly work is finished on Clubmix 024… Took some time because I had a little bit problems with the second half hour.. But think the result is quiet nice. One or two re-releases and a lot of new stuff. Hope you like it.
LittleBig 006 by DjInIjUs…….
DjInIjUs has made an other LittleBig Mix. This time it’s a Deep Funky Vocal House Mix… Please Enjoy
Check the DjInIjUs Section under Mixes. You have to login to download the mix.
Clubmix 023 Released !! Clubmix 023 was released on the 5th of November… Hope you enjoy it.
On the 5th of November Clubmix 023 will be released on this site.
Yes, there is a new mix from Praveen availible under mixes

domain: artistic


TNA Wrestling published a new article here on ImpactWrestling.com about Bound for Glory 2014 taking place in Tokyo, Japan. The announcement was made on Wednesday at a press conference in New York City.
While TNA didn't announce a Wrestle-1 tie-in, they mentioned that Team 3D will be inducted into their Hall of Fame in Tokyo. Below is the promotional poster:
TNA Bound for Glory 2014 will take place at Korakuen Hall on Sunday, October 12, 2014.


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01 March, 2019
The importance of transparency and openness in public works procurement has made headlines with the £33 million settlement between UK Government and Eurotunnel after the former awarded contracts for a no-deal Brexit ferry service in a "secretive" manner.
In December 2018, the Department for Transport awarded three suppliers with contracts for the provision of additional freight capacity. After these contracts were announced, including the now infamous £13.8 million contract with Seabourne Freight which had no ships whatsoever at the time of the award nor had it ever run a ferry service, Eurotunnel complained to the Transport Minister, Chris Grayling, that it had been left out of the process and that the Government should have approached Eurotunnel as it had a history of providing similar services.
Condemnation of the situation has been wide spread from the public, the media as well as opposition parties. The Shadow Transport Minister, Andy McDonald, remarked that Mr Grayling had shown "misjudgement" in how the contracts were awarded.
The key takeaway for public bodies offering contracts, as third party service providers bidding for them, is that the process did not follow the correct procurement rules as set out in the Public Procurement Regulations 2015. Unless an exemption applies, the procurement regulations require an open and transparent procurement process to be carried out before any contracting authority awards a contract above the relevant threshold (see below).
Threshold from 1st January 2018
|Supplies and Service Contracts||Works Contracts||Social and other specific services|
|Other public sector contracting authorities||£181,302||£4,551,413||£615,278|
Although there are exemptions for when a public body may choose to not publically notify bidders of a public procurement contract, the Eurotunnel settlement highlights that such decisions need to be carefully considered by contracting authorities to avoid potential challenges by aggrieved economic operators. Forbes Solicitors regularly advise contracting authorities and economic operators alike on the application of procurement regulations, the running of compliant procurement procedures, and also on potential and actual procurement challenges.
For more information contact Dan Crayford on 01254 222451 or email firstname.lastname@example.org.
Learn more about our Commercial department here

domain: law


text:
Publisher: Michael O'Mara
Weight: 420 g
Doodling and colouring have long been known to enhance one's thought processes and provide a relaxing yet highly creative way to free the mind. You can explore your artistic side with this colouring book for adults - because colouring-in is not just a hobby for kids! The Gorgeous Colouring Book for Grown-ups is full of intricate and gorgeous patterns to colour in and make your own, giving you the chance to unwind, relax and explore your inner creative. In this original and unique book you'll find a host of detailed patterns to colour, providing endless entertainment and building into a piece of work that you can truly call your own.
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Disability Insurance, often called DI or disability income insurance, or income protection, is a form of insurance that insures the beneficiary's earned income against the risk that a disability creates a barrier for a worker to complete the core functions of their work. For example, the worker may suffer from an inability to maintain composure in the case of psychological disorders or an injury, illness or condition that causes physical impairment or incapacity to work. It encompasses paid sick leave, short-term disability benefits (STD), and long-term disability benefits (LTD). Statistics show that in the US a disabling accident occurs, on average, once every second. In fact, nearly 18.5% of Americans are currently living with a disability, and 1 out of every 4 persons in the US workforce will suffer a disabling injury before retirement.
In the late 19th century, modern disability insurance began to become available. It was originally known as "accident insurance". The first company to offer accident insurance was the Railway Passengers Assurance Company, formed in 1848 in England to insure against the rising number of fatalities on the nascent railway system. It was registered as the Universal Casualty Compensation Company to:
- ...grant assurances on the lives of persons travelling by railway and to grant, in cases, of accident not having a fatal termination, compensation to the assured for injuries received under certain conditions.
The company was able to reach an agreement with the railway companies, whereby basic accident insurance would be sold as a package deal along with travel tickets to customers. The company charged higher premiums for second and third class travel due to the higher risk of injury in the roofless carriages.
Individual disability insurance
Those whose employers do not provide benefits, and self-employed individuals who desire disability coverage, may purchase policies. Premiums and available benefits for individual coverage vary considerably between companies, occupations, states and countries. In general, premiums are higher for policies that provide more monthly benefits, offer benefits for longer periods of time, and start payments of benefits more quickly following a disability claim. Premiums also tend to be higher for policies that define disability in broader terms, meaning the policy would pay benefits in a wider variety of circumstances thus covering more insurances that the individual was going to purchase. Web-based disability insurance calculators assist in determining the disability insurance needed.
High-limit disability insurance
High-limit disability insurance is designed to keep individual disability benefits at 65% of income regardless of income level. Coverage is typically issued supplemental to standard coverage. With high-limit disability insurance, benefits can be anywhere from an additional $2,000 to $100,000 per month. Single policy issue and participation (individual or group long-term disability) coverage has gone up to $30,000 with some hospitals.
Business overhead expense disability insurance
Business Overhead Expense (BOE) coverage reimburses a business for overhead expenses should the owner experience a disability. Eligible benefits include: rent or mortgage payments, utilities, leasing costs, laundry/maintenance, accounting/billing and collection service fees, business insurance premiums, employee salaries, employee benefits, property tax, and other regular monthly expenses.
National social insurance programs
In most developed countries, the single most important form of disability insurance is that provided by the national government for all citizens. For example, the UK's version is part of National Insurance; the U.S.'s version is Social Security (SS)—specifically, several parts of SS including Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). These programs provide a floor beneath all other disability insurance. In other words, they are the safety net that catches everyone who was otherwise (a) uninsured or (b) underinsured. As such, they are large programs with many beneficiaries. The general theory of the benefit formula is that the benefit is enough to prevent abject poverty.
In addition to federally funded programs, there are five states which currently offer state funded Disability Insurance programs. These programs are designed for short term disabilities only. The coverage amount is determined by the applicant's level of income over the previous 12 months. The states which currently fund disability insurance programs are California, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Hawaii.
Employer-supplied disability insurance
One of the most common reasons for disability is on-the-job injury, which explains why the second largest form of disability insurance is that provided by employers to cover their employees. There are several subtypes that may or may not be separate parts of the benefits package: workers' compensation and more general disability insurance policies.
Workers' compensation (also known by variations of that name, e.g., workman's comp, workmen's comp, worker's comp, compo) offers payments to employees who are (usually temporarily, rarely permanently) unable to work because of a job-related injury. However, workers' compensation is in fact more than just income insurance, because it compensates for economic loss (past and future), reimbursement or payment of medical and life expenses (functioning in this case as a form of health insurance), and benefits payable to the dependents of workers killed during employment (offering a form of life insurance). Workers compensation provides no coverage to those not working. Statistics have shown that the majority of disabilities occur while the injured person is not working and therefore is not covered by workers' compensation.
Newsweek magazine's cover story for March 5, 2007 discussed the problems that American veterans of Afghanistan and Iraq wars have faced in receiving VA benefits. The article describes one veteran who waited 17 months to start receiving payments. Another article, in The New York Times, points out that besides long waits, there is also variation based on the veteran's state of residence and whether he/she is a veteran of the Army, National Guard, or Reserves. The Newsweek article says that it can be difficult for a veteran to get his or her claim approved; Newsweek described the benefits thus:
- "A veteran with a disability rating of 100 percent gets about $2,400 a month—more if he or she has children. A 50 percent rating brings in around $700 a month. But for many returning servicemen burdened with wounds, it is, initially at least, their sole income."
The 2007 figures cited above correspond in 2012 to $2,673 a month (more with children) and, for the 50% rating, $797 a month for a single veteran.
According to a sidebar in the same Newsweek article, the Americans injured in these wars, for all the obstacles to proper care, will probably receive much better compensation and health care than equally injured Afghan or Iraqi soldiers.
- Business overhead expense disability insurance
- Disability pension
- Health insurance in the United States
- Right to social security
- State Disability Insurance (California)
- State disability benefits
- Social Security Disability Insurance
- Total permanent disability insurance
- ↑ "BLS Information". Glossary. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Division of Information Services. February 28, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- ↑ "Disability Statistics" (PDF). National Treasury Employees Union - Chapter 78. March 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Disability Insurance Infographic". January 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
- ↑ "How Health Insurance Works". Howstuffworks.
- ↑ "Health Insurance". Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-11-01.
- ↑ "Railway Passengers Assurance Company Ltd". Retrieved 2012-12-17.
- ↑ A. P. Woodward (March 1917). "The Disability Insurance Policy". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 70 (1): 227–237. Retrieved January 4, 2014.
- ↑ "LIFE Foundation | Disability Insurance Needs Calculator". Lifehappens.org. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ↑ http://www.disabilityinsurance.org/articles/does-my-state-offer-disability-insurance.html
- ↑ "Common Causes of Disability; Cancer, Heart Disease, Diabetes, Arthritis and Lifestyle Choices". Disabilitycanhappen.org. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ↑ Urbina, Ian; Ron Nixon (2007-03-09). "Veterans Face Vast Inequities Over Disability". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
- ↑ Ephron, D; Childress, S (March 5, 2007). "Forgotten Heroes". Newsweek. 149 (10). pp. 28–37. ISSN 0028-9604. PMID 17380811.
- ↑ Dehghanpisheh, B (March 5, 2007). "Untreated Wounds". Newsweek. 149 (10): 34. ISSN 0028-9604. PMID 17380812.
- Social Security Administration (US)
- Chana Joffe-Walt (March 2013). "Unfit for Work: The startling rise of disability in America". NPR.

domain: finance


text:
Add Adobe Stock to Photoshop and get 10 free images. Adobe Stock gives you access to millions of images, graphics, and videos available right inside Photoshop. Try a free month and download up to 10 high-res images. Cancel risk-free within the first month. Aug 03, 2020 The adobe Photoshop CS6 keygen is easy to download and install. Simply download and install the latest version of Adobe Photoshop CS6. This version can be found on the official website. After downloading and installing the software, download the Photoshop CS6 using the download link. The file will download and can be then be extracted. Sep 02, 2020 Download Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac free latest version offline setup. Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac is a powerful and professional image editing solution for dealing with different types of computer graphics and provides a variety of powerful tools.
Download Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac free latest version offline setup. Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac is a powerful and professional image editing solution for dealing with different types of computer graphics and provides a variety of powerful tools.
Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac Review
Photoshop CS6 provides a professional set of tools with a variety of powerful tools that enhances the designing process and makes it very easy for the users to effortlessly edit the photos. It provides an intuitive user interface with different sidebars, tools and menu options that make it convenient for users to enhance digital photos.
Plugins support make it very easy to enhance the photos. Edit the raster designs and work on vector images as well as process RAW photos. The application comes with complete support for enhancing the photos as well as fix images with minimum efforts.
Change the color of the images as well as adjust different settings to enhance the photos. Change the background and other details with minimum efforts as well as use different brushes and other tools to enhance the digital photos. All in all, it is a complete application to edit and enhance the digital images with minimum efforts.
Features of Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac
- Powerful application to edit and enhance the photos
- Simple and intuitive user interface with a wide range of powerful tools
- Edit and enhance the digital images with minimum efforts
- Plugins support to enhance the functionality of the application
- Fix different image issues and change the background of photos
- Provides over 65 features and capabilities
- Different improvements and optimizations
- Change the background and color of the images
- Layers support and adjust different settings
- Remix tool and use 3D option with trimming features
- GPU processing units with boosting and editing features
- Pixels bending features and quality adjustments
- Adjust the background of the photos
- Apply different filters and effects to the videos
- Editing the 3D components of the videos
- Sliders to make different adjustments
- Blending and masking features
- Many other powerful options and features
Technical Details of Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac
- File Name: Adobe_Photoshop_CS6_13.0_Final.zip
- File Size: 1.0 GB
- Developer: Adobe
System Requirements for Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac
- Mac OS X 10.7 or later
- 2 GB Free HDD
- 1 GB RAM
- Intel Core 2 Duo or higher
Adobe Photoshop Cs6 13 For Mac Os
Adobe Photoshop CS6 for Mac Free Download
Download Adobe Photoshop CS6 latest version offline setup for Mac OS X by clicking the below button. You may also like to download Adobe Master Collection CS6 for Mac
(You save $870)
Adobe® Photoshop CS6 Extended Mac
Product delivery: Digital (Download link from Adobe, Serial number & Instruction) Will be displayed after payment on website.
License category: Full version (retail license) License works World Wide. Lifetime License Key, No Expiration and No Monthly Subscription Fee's
Refund: Accepted if any error found in the product
Photoshop CS6 Extended will work with these Mac operating system:
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah
Mac OS X 10.1 Puma
Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
OS X 10.9 Mavericks
OS X 10.10 Yosemite
OS X 10.11 El Capitan
macOS 10.12 Sierra
macOS 10.13 High Sierra
macOS 10.14 Mojave (Not recommended)
Adobe does not manufactures one-time payment product anymore. This is not a trial, subscription, or student teacher version. This software is NOT a Creative Cloud subscription. This is a single user license which allows the program to be installed and activated on 2 computers. This can be used in a commercial setting or for personal use. Free Tech Support Available to help with the installation process if needed. Enjoy perpetual usage without a subscription.
Adobe Photoshop CS6-the worlds best digital imaging software-delivers magic that helps you bring your creative vision to life. Edit raw image files and other photos with state-of-the-art photo editing.
Adobe Photoshop CS6 delivers magic that helps you bring your creative vision to life. Edit raw image files and other photos with state-of-the-art photo editing. Create compelling HDR images, black-and-whites, and panoramas. Retouch images with astonishing ease and control. Design anything you can imagine—at amazing speed. Paint and draw naturally and expressively. Even put your ideas in motion by intuitively creating stunning videos.
Photoshop CS6 Highlights
- Experience imaging magic—Correct, refine, and composite images with remarkable ease and control. New Content-Aware features take image retouching to a new level. Get superior results when you crop, correct wide-angle lens curvatures, auto-correct, and more.
- Maximize your creativity—Experience creative breakthroughs with features that expand your visual language. Intuitively create videos within the familiar Photoshop environment. Work more fluidly with new and reengineered design tools. Create custom photographic blurs, and paint and draw more expressively.
- Achieve peak performance—Take full advantage of your hardware’s power and save significant time. Edit at blazingly fast speeds with the new Mercury Graphics Engine. Boost your productivity with new preset migration and sharing, new auto-recovery and background save options, and a modern user interface.
|Adobe Photoshop Features Comparison||CS5||CS6|
|All-new Crop tool||x|
|Skin tone–aware selections and masking||x|
|Intuitive video creation and editing||x|
|Enhanced airbrush tips||x|
|Mercury Graphics Engine||x|
|Support for Photoshop companion apps||x||x|
|Superior HDR imaging and HDR toning||x||x|
Q: What is Adobe Photoshop Lightroom and does it work with Photoshop CS6?
A: Photoshop Lightroom software helps you quickly import, process, manage, and showcase volumes of photos. Its tight integration with Photoshop CS6 lets you easily take advantage of unrivaled pixel-level retouching and compositing, giving you acomplete professional photography solution.
Q: I use Photoshop. Should I consider stepping up to Photoshop Extended?
A: Adobe Photoshop CS6 Extended software delivers everything in Photoshop CS6 plus tools for creating and editing 3D images and performing quantitative image analysis.* Consider Photoshop Extended if your images are used across a variety of media or if you work in film/video production, architecture, engineering, medicine, scientific research, or manufacturing.
Q: Should I buy Photoshop CS6 or Adobe Creative Suite 6 Design Standard?
A: Photoshop CS6 is the professional standard for digital image editing. If your work involves creating and sharing images within page layouts, you may want to consider Creative Suite 6 Design Standard, which includes Photoshop CS6 as well as Adobe Illustrator CS6, InDesign CS6, and Acrobat X Pro. Smooth integration among the components provides an efficient workflow.
Top New CS6 Features
Content-Aware Patch—Patch images with greater control using Content-Aware Patch, which allows you to choose the sample area Content-Aware will use to create your patch.
Mercury Graphics Engine—See near-instant results when editing with key tools such as Liquify, Puppet Warp, and Crop. The new Mercury Graphics Engine delivers unprecedented responsiveness for a fluid feel as you work.
New and reengineered design tools—Create superior designs faster. Get consistent formatting with type styles, use vector layers to apply strokes and add gradients to vector objects, easily create custom strokes and dashed lines, quickly search layers, and more.
Adobe Photoshop Cs6 13 For Mac Free
Intuitive video creation—Bring Photoshop editing power to your video footage. Easily enhance video clips using the full range of familiar Photoshop tools and create movies using an intuitive set of video tools.
All-new Crop tool—Crop images faster and with greater precision using the all-new, nondestructive Crop tool. Rapidly manipulate your images on canvas and see your adjustments happen live thanks to the Mercury Graphics Engine.*
New Blur Gallery—Quickly create photographic blur effects using a simple new interface with on-image controls. Create tilt-shift effects, blur everything and then sharpen one focal point, or vary the blurriness between multiple focal points. The new Mercury Graphics Engine delivers immediate results.*
Preset migration and sharing—Easily migrate your presets, workspaces, preferences, and settings so you can experience Photoshop in the same way on all your computers, share your setup, and bring your customizations from past versions into Photoshop CS6.
Improved auto-corrections—Quickly enhance your images with improved Auto Curves, Levels, and Brightness/Contrast controls. Intelligence from thousands of hand-retouched images is built in to give you a better starting point for making adjustments.
* Some GPU-enabled features are not supported on Windows XP.
|Package Type||Full Version|
|Processor||Multicore Intel processor|
|Operating System||Mac OS X v10.6.8 or v10.7|
|Graphics Card (GPU)||1024x768 display (1280x800 recommended) with qualified hardware-accelerated OpenGL graphics card, 16-bit color, and 256MB of VRAM|
|Hard Drive||1GB of available hard-disk space for installation; additional free space required during installation|
|Shipping||This product is eligible for free shipping!|
Product ReviewsWrite Review
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the best website for photoshop's lovers
Posted by Unknown on 16th Sep 2019
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Posted by Unknown on 5th Mar 2019
After checking up on Photoshop on Mac and NOT wanting to rent software I looked around. Imverta had the software I needed, in this case CS6 at a best price. Easy, all questions resolved, install went exactly as it should. Thanks for making it easy.
Posted by Archie Tamela on 30th Nov 2018
Awesome seller everything as described
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The process of downloading and installing was straightforward. The instructions were clear and easy to follow. Very happy with the purchase and I will buy again from you.
Posted by Carmella Eliot on 14th Jul 2018
Very pleased with my purchase of Photoshop CS6. I recommended your store to one of my clients who also was looking to upgrade Photoshop.
Posted by Joisse Dee on 10th May 2018
I am very happy with your organisation. I am going to order more software. Thank you.
Highly pleased with the easy installation
Posted by Steve Peter on 20th Sep 2017
I am here to testify that you are selling genuine and not a fake products.All the three products I bought for my computers were working perfectly without any problems. The instruction for installing these products were clearly written and well understood.
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Quick and effective delivery method. Product more comprehensive, but even easier to use, than previous versions.
Posted by Hughie Napoleon on 8th Aug 2017
Helped me all the way
Showing reviews 1-10 of 11 Next
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Corten steel planter boxes will give your landscape project a beautiful rustic finish. Weathering steel will rust naturally when exposed to the weather.Plate Availability Chart .Flat Sheet Availability Chart .Request a Quote for Corten Planter Boxes.Specifications.Corten&Flat Seets ASTM A606-4 ASTM A588 In Stock Corten flat sheets (ASTM A606-4) are in stock with immediate availability.The graph below displays all available gauges and widths.A606-4 and A588 flat sheets are available in 48 or 60 Widths at 96,120,144 Lengths.Custom fabrication of Corten flat stock is available if you need different lengths or widths.People also askCan a Corten flat sheet be pre rusted?Can a Corten flat sheet be pre rusted?Fill it out and get a delivered price.Corten flat sheets do not arrive pre-rusted.Weathering steel will rust naturally when exposed to the weather.Color of patina varies due to numerous factors.Inquire about sizes that are not shown in stock.Corten&Flat Seets ASTM A606-4 ASTM A588 In Stock
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This cute and feminine woven pink jacket secures with round dome shaped buttons in front. Constructed of a lined cotton blend. Two patch pockets. Detailed with fringe trim around the edges. Black ribbon bow sits at center back waistline. Original tag is attached. Retails for $815.
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This is the 12th Annual Women in Products Liability Regional CLE Workshop sponsored by the Women in Products Liability Subcommittee of the Products Liability Committee of the Section of Litigation of the American Bar Association. The CLE workshop brings together members of the section for education and networking. Goodwin attorney Nilda Tulla-Isidro is speaking at the event.
Events October 27, 2011
Bass Berry & Sims PLC


April 14, 2021
IBSA Manufacturing is pleased to advise that MEM Release 2.1 is now live on training.gov.au.
This release represents the finalisation of release 2 of MEM and includes updates and improvements to the critical trades within manufacturing engineering. At the request of Skills Ministers, ASQA has extended the transition period for Release 2.1 until December 2022.
To assist with the transition, a Companion Volume Implementation Guide and Essential Features Guide is available on VETNet. These guides have been developed to provide advice to Industry and training organisations regarding implementation of the new package.
The MEM IRC, with the support of IBSA will also support the roll-out of this release through a series of stakeholder engagement activities.
More detailed information will be provided shortly. In the meantime, if there are any questions, please contact:
Industry Engagement Partner
E: [email protected]
T: +61 3 9815 7047


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Subol Mondal, a 55-year-old smalltime farmer, at Dayapur village in the Sunderban forests, West Bengal, is very particular to keep his date with the local banker every month. He is servicing a 15-year loan, at subsidised interest rates, and paying out an...
Energy and fuel prices is one of those that makes everyone sit up and write in. But now the squabble the Ambani Brothers are having over gas from the Krishna Godavari basin has driven even food writers to pontificate on the vital issue of the prices of fuel....
Armed with a clear mandate, the Congress-led UPA government now needs to show some political will and go ahead with the much delayed reforms in the oil and gas sector. The UPA today is in a comfortable position to take up reforms, and it should do so without...
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Delek US Holdings Inc. cut runs at its El Dorado, Arkansas, refinery to 69 percent of capacity after a pipeline that supplies it was shut April 28.
Refinery throughput has been reduced to 55,000 barrels a day, Chief Financial Officer Mark Cox said on a conference call from Delek’s Brentwood, Tennessee, headquarters. Exxon Mobil Corp.’s North Line pipeline supplies El Dorado with Gulf Coast crudes.
The refinery runs about 35,000 barrels a day of West Texas Intermediate-linked crude from other sources, Chief Executive Officer Uzi Yemin said on the same call.
El Dorado has a capacity of 80,000 barrels a day, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. Delek completed the acquisition of Lion Oil Co., which owned the El Dorado refinery, in October.


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This is a list of government systems that exist within the Great Empires timeline.
A democracy is a form of government in which all citizens hold the right to vote and influence the way in which a nation is led. This government type is very common.
- Theocratic democracy, a democracy where the people elect clergy or clergy holds power alongside the people
- Presidential democracy, a democracy where the president is the head of state and/or government
- Technocratic democracy, a democracy where the head of state is also a technocrat or the technocrats hold power alongside the people
- Direct democracy, a democracy where the people directly vote laws and hold power
- Indirect democracy or Representative democracy, a democracy where the people elect representatives to vote for them and represent them
A monarchy is a form of government in which the leadership of a nation lies with a single person (the monarch), this person may be an emperor/empress, king/queen, prince/princess or any other monarchical title.
- Theocratic monarchy, a monarchy where the clergy holds some power or the monarch is also a member of the clergy
- Absolute monarchy, a monarchy where the monarch holds absolute power over their nation
- Constitutional monarchy or democratic monarchy, a monarchy where the monarch's power is limited and the people can influence the government
- Sacred monarchy or divine monarchy, a monarchy where the monarch is regarded as a sacred being or a god(ess).
- Machiticratic monarchy, a monarchy where the monarch is elected through the process of who is the most skilled warrior and therefor most suitable leader
- Technocratic monarchy, a monarchy where the monarch is also a technocrat, or technocrats hold power alongside the monarch
A theocracy is a form of government where clergy are the leaders of the nation
- Democratic theocracy, a theocracy where people elect clergy
An oligarchy is a form of government where the power lies with a small number of people
- Aristocracy, an oligarchy where only a small privileged class rules
- Military junta, a military junta is a government led by a committee of military leaders
Authoritarianism is a form of government where individual freedom is limited and the governing body has absolute or almost absolute control, often by force
- Autocracy, a system where supreme power lies in the hands of one person
- Despotism, a system where a single entity rules with absolute power, this may be one or multiple persons
- Dictatorship, an autocratic or authoritarian form of government in which a government is ruled by either an individual: a dictator, or an authoritarian party, as in an oligarchy.
- Totalitarianism, a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.
Anarchy is not actually a government system, but the absence thereof. It may also mean lawlessness or political disorder.
An utopia is a place where everything is "perfect". This is an idealist system where everyone is equal, everyone lives in peace and harmony, everthing and everyone is in perfect harmony and there is no need for laws. Almost no societiesin the universe have achieved this, an exception is the planet of Chrysalia.
Gender dominant systems
A system of government where males are the leaders and dominant gender
- Patriarchy, a system of government where fathers are the leaders of the government
A system of government where females are the leaders and dominant gender
- Matriarchy, a system of government where mothers are the leaders of government