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Given the increased attention to body image during the adolescent development phase, it would be expected that psychosocial well-being, in particular body image and quality-of-life (QOL), would be greatly impacted in adolescents diagnosed with a possibly disfiguring condition such as adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). In addition to the possibility of and/or the degree of disfigurement that is related to the condition itself, body image and QOL might be negatively impacted by AIS treatments such as wearing a brace in front of peers and the daily physical encumbrance of wearing a brace. Despite recent evidence indicating that brace treatment is effective in preventing surgery,1 researchers have failed to conceptualize the relationships among body image, QOL, AIS-related spinal deformity, and AIS treatment.
The majority of research regarding brace treatment compares psychological well-being in adolescents with AIS undergoing brace treatment to their healthy peers. When compared with adolescents that are undergoing observation to healthy peers, some research suggests that brace treatment can negatively impact psychosocial well-being,2–7 whereas other research indicates that brace treatment does not negatively impact psychosocial well-being.1,8–12 A systematic review of the literature found that adolescents with scoliosis may experience poorer psychosocial functioning, body image, and health-related QOL when compared with their healthy peers.13
Only a few studies have compared psychological well-being in adolescents with AIS undergoing brace treatment with adolescents with AIS undergoing observation. One study found that brace treatment resulted in a reduction in body image and QOL compared with adolescents that were being observed.4 When looking at the long-term impact of brace treatment on body image, one study found that, despite similar curve size and trunk rotation, adolescents that were not braced estimated that their body appearance was significantly less distorted compared with adolescents that were braced.8
The majority of AIS studies have been retrospective studies that use different instruments to measure psychological indices and brace-wear adherence, which may have contribute to the lack of consensus regarding relationships among psychological well-being, AIS, and brace treatment.14 The Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST) was designed to overcome several of the methodological issues and limitations of previous research. BrAIST was a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial, using blinded outcome determination, a priori determination of the effect size and objective brace monitors for assessing brace-wear adherence.14 The BrAIST primary endpoint was to determine the effectiveness of bracing, as compared with observation, in preventing curve progression to 50 degrees or more, which is a common indication for surgery. BrAIST found that bracing significantly decreased the progression of high-risk curves to the threshold indicated for surgery.1
In addition to testing the effectiveness of bracing, the secondary aims of BrAIST were to investigate the impact of brace treatment on the psychosocial well-being of adolescents undergoing brace treatment compared with adolescents undergoing observation. When looking at whether there were any differences in QOL scores between the observation group (n = 96) and the brace treatment group (n = 146) in BrAIST patients who had reached a study endpoint (skeletal maturity or largest Cobb angle ≥ 50°), there were no significant differences at baseline or at the final follow-up assessment.1 The purpose of this study was to assess whether there were any significant differences and correlations between body image and QOL, including changes over time, in female adolescents participating in BrAIST that were based on study arm (randomized or preference) and study treatment (brace or observation).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
BrAIST enrolled 384 patients who had never undergone treatment for AIS and were deemed at highest risk for progression because of their age, skeletal immaturity, and curve size. BrAIST eligibility requirements included a confirmed diagnosis of AIS and all of the following: age ≥ 10 to < 15 years old; Risser 0, 1, and 2; female premenarchal or < 1 year postmenarchal; Cobb angle of 20°–40°; apex at or caudal to T7; and no previous treatment for AIS. Adolescents in the brace group were instructed to wear their brace for at least 18 hours/day.
Two body-image constructs in the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ)15 coincide with body-image constructs from Cash's Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective on Body Image.16 The SAQ appearance domain (items 1–7, and 9) is similar to Cash's self-body image and is summed 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating poorer body image. The SAQ expectation domain (items 10–17) is similar to Cash's ideal-body image construct and is summed 8 to 40 with higher scores reflecting more emphasis on wanting to look “normal.” The SAQ total score is the sum of the appearance domain and the expectation domain (range 16–80), which is similar to Cash's self-ideal body-image discrepancy construct where higher scores indicate a larger discrepancy between how individuals’ think they currently look and how they want to look. Previous research indicates that the SAQ is a valid measure of body image.17,18
Adolescents also completed a QOL–Child, ages 10 to 12 years or a QOL–Teen, ages 13 to 18 years at each visit. The PedsQOL4.0 Generic Corse Scales is a valid and reliable instrument for distinguishing health-related QOL between healthy children and children with chronic illnesses.19 Scores on the PedsQOL range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better QOL. The questionnaire consists of 23 items applicable for healthy and community populations, and pediatric populations with acute and chronic health conditions. The PedsQOL measures health, activities, feelings, how well one gets along with others, and school.
Because of the small number of males (n = 45) in the BrAIST study, this study only assessed body image and QOL relationships in female BrAIST patients (n = 319). Figure 1 displays the enrollment of the female patients in this study. Because adolescents’ body image and QOL at the time of enrollment might have impacted whether they participated in the randomized or preference arm, the current study compares between and within study arms. Figure 2 provides a summary of the comparisons conducted between study arms (Comparison 1), within randomization arm (Comparison 2), within observation arm (Comparison 3), between study arms in braced (Comparison 4), and observation (Comparison 5) treatment groups. This study also compared brace and observation treatment groups (Comparison 6), regardless of study arm.
As body image and QOL may have also played a role in a patient's decision to cross-over to the other treatment, differences were assessed between patients who had crossed-over compared with patients who had never/not yet crossed-over (Figure 2, Comparison 7). In addition, paired t tests were conducted to test for differences within the cross-over patients (Figure 2, Comparison 9), comparing body image and QOL at the visit closest with the time of cross-over to their next visit, which may have been more than 6 months later.
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was conducted to test for associations between the three body image constructs and body mass index (BMI), largest Cobb angle, and QOL. Finally, body image and QOL were compared between patients with a ≥40 degree largest Cobb angle with those that did not (Figure 2, Comparison 8), regardless of study arm. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were conducted to assess differences, regarding BMI, largest Cobb angle, body-image constructs, and QOL in Comparisons 1–8.
Table 1 and Table 2 display the comparisons among and within study arms (Table 1) and among and within treatments (Table 2). In general, there were only a few significant differences among or within study arms or among treatments regarding body-image scores and QOL during the first 2 years of follow-up.
The only significant difference between the randomization and preference arms (Comparison 1) was poorer QOL in the randomization patients at 6 months (P = 0.01) and at 12 months (P = 0.01). When analyzing these results, one must consider that it is likely that some patients who were randomized and remained randomized during the first 2 years of follow-up were randomized to the treatment that they would have chosen, if making the choice, which makes them similar to the patients in the preference arm. Furthermore, it is likely that some patients were randomized into a treatment that they would not have chosen, if making the choice, so they crossed-over to a different treatment soon after randomization, which makes them part of the preference arm population at the time of the cross-over visit and through the rest of the 2 year follow-up.
When looking at treatment differences within each study arm (Comparisons 2 and 3), in both study arms, there were no significant differences between the brace and observation groups regarding BMI or QOL at any visit in the first 2 years of follow-up. Within the randomization arm (Comparison 2), despite the observation group having significantly greater largest Cobb angle at the 6, 12, 18, and 24 month follow-up visits compared with the brace group, there were no significant differences between brace and observation groups regarding any of the three body-image constructs at any visit. At baseline, within the preference arm (Comparison 3), there was a moderate significantly poorer self-body image (P = 0.03) in the observation group (n = 52) compared with the brace group (n = 135). In addition, at the 24 month visit within the preference study arm, the observation group had a significantly larger Cobb angle (P = 0.01) and significantly poorer self-body image (P = 0.002) compared with the brace group.
There were no significant differences between the randomized brace-treated and preference brace-treated patients (Comparison 4) or between the randomized observation and preference observation patients (Comparison 5) regarding largest Cobb angle, QOL, or body image at any visit during the first 2 years of follow-up. Observation preference patients had significantly higher BMI compared with the observation randomized patients at 6 months (P = 0.02) and 12 months (P = 0.02). There were no significant differences regarding BMI between the preference brace-treated patients and the observation brace-treated patients at any visit during the first 2 years of follow-up. The only significant differences in BMI, largest Cobb angle, body-image constructs, and QOL between the brace group and the observation group (Comparison 6) was in the largest Cobb angle at the 6 months through 24 month follow-up.
When comparing patients who had recently crossed-over to a different treatment to those that had not (Comparison 7), self-body image was significantly poorer in the cross-over group at 12 months (n = 25, 256, respectively; P = 0.05); 18 months (n = 35, 208, respectively; P = 0.02), and 24 months (n = 38, 146, respectively; P = 0.002). Within the patients who crossed-over (Comparison 9), there were no significant differences in body-image scores or in QOL scores between their cross-over visits compared with their next visits.
Table 3 (Randomized Arm) and Table 4 (Preference Arm) display the correlations between body-image constructs, QOL, BMI, and largest Cobb angle at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months based on study arm. In general, poorer body image was significantly correlated with poorer QOL in both arms throughout the first 2 years of follow-up, regardless of study arm or current treatment. The only time poorer body image did not significantly correlate with poorer QOL, in at least two out of the three body-image constructs, was in the randomized brace group at the 24 month visit.
Finally, Table 5 displays the results comparing patients who currently had ≥ 40 degree largest Cobb angle compared with those that did not (Comparison 8). In general, patients with ≥ 40 degree largest Cobb angle had significantly poorer scores in all three body-image constructs compared with the patients who did not at all follow-up visits up to 2 years.
When looking at differences among treatment groups, findings from this study indicate that brace treatment does not negatively impact body image or QOL in female adolescents with AIS. Furthermore, the QOL scores in both treatment groups were similar to mean total scores for healthy children, which range from 83–86 depending on age.19 Results from this study do not support previous research suggesting that brace wear has a negative impact on psychosocial well-being, in particular body image and QOL.2–7 However, these findings corroborate those of previous studies, which found that brace treatment did not negatively impact body image11,12 or QOL.8,9
By comparing the randomization and preference study arms, this study found that body image is not negatively impacted by whether adolescents have played a role in their treatment decisions. For patients in the randomized arm, not having a choice in their treatment decision might have resulted in poorer QOL during the first year after AIS diagnosis compared with patients who chose their treatment. However, findings from this study suggest that, despite not having had a say in their treatment, after about a year, patients begin to adjust to their current treatment (brace or observation) and QOL improves.
When assessing body image and QOL within each arm, at baseline in the preference arm, females who chose to undergo observation had significantly poorer self-body image compared with females who chose bracing, which was not the case in the randomization arm. In addition to possibly being a motivating factor to undergo observation and not brace treatment, poorer self-body image was also related to the decision to cross-over to a different treatment. Unfortunately, self-body image did not significantly improve at the visit after the cross-over visit. Finally, regardless of study arm or treatment, poorer self-body image was also found in female patients who had ≥ 40 degree largest Cobb angle compared with those that did not, regardless of study arm or treatment.
In general, poorer QOL correlated with poorer self-body image, with placing higher importance on wanting to look “normal” (ideal-body image) and with poorer overall body image (self-ideal body image discrepancy) in both study arms and in both treatment groups. These findings are consistent with the literature regarding the importance of QOL, in particular regarding positive home environment on an adolescent's body image.20–22 Choate20 found that some familial characteristics, such as negative family attitudes and critical comments about an individual's physical shape may contribute to negative body image among daughters. Studies have found that when psychosocial distress is detected, interventions that provide psychological and social support, such as reflecting and discussing concerns about appearance and comfort when wearing a brace, can improve psychosocial well-being.5,23 Findings from this study suggest that interventions to improve psychosocial well-being should aim to improve both QOL and body image, with particular focus on addressing concerns about how the adolescent thinks she currently looks.
In summary, poorer body image, in particular self-body image, was impacted by an AIS-related outcome (degree of largest Cobb angle) and associated with other psychological characteristics (poorer QOL). Poorer QOL was found in patients who did not participate in their treatment decisions (randomized arm) but these patients seemed to adjust after the first year after diagnosis. Body image and QOL were not negatively impacted by brace treatment.
This study suggests that healthcare providers should not be concerned about the negative impact of brace treatment on body image and QOL when recommending brace treatment to their female patients. However, poorer self-body image could be a barrier to starting and continuing brace treatment. Therefore, body image should be assessed upon initial diagnosis and throughout the treatment process. As simply changing treatment does significantly improve body image, when poor body image is detected, the healthcare team should provide interventions to improve both QOL and body image, in particular concerns about current appearance. Psychosocial interventions, such as having a patient reflect on concerns about wearing the brace in front of their peers, may alleviate some of the patient's distress regarding brace treatment, amount of choice in the treatment decision, and increased spinal deformity.
- There were no significant differences in body image or in QOL at baseline for females with AIS who chose brace treatment compared with females who chose to undergo observation.
- Poorer body image, in particular concerns about current appearance, was impacted by an AIS-related outcome (larger Cobb angles) and was associated with other patient psychological factors (poorer QOL).
- Initially, poorer QOL was found in patients who did not participate in their treatment decisions, regardless of whether they were undergoing brace or observation treatment, but patients seemed to adjust to their treatment and QOL improved after 1 year of being diagnosed with AIS.
1. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, et al. Effects of bracing in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. N Engl J Med
2. Sapountzi-Krepia DS, Valavanis J, Panteleakis GP, et al. Perception of body image, happiness, and satisfaction in adolescents wearing a Boston brace for scoliosis treatment. J AdvNurs
3. Payne WK, Ogilvie JW, Resnick MD, et al. Does scoliosis have a psychological impact and does gender make a difference? Spine
4. Pham VM, Houlliez A, Caprentier A, et al. Determination of the influence of the Cheneau brace on quality-of-life for adolescent with idiopathic scoliosis. Ann Readapt Med Phys
5. Matsunaga S, Hayashi K, Naruo T, et al. Psychologic management of brace therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine
6. Sapountzi-Krepia DS, Psychogiou M, Peterson D, et al. The experience of brace treatment in children/adolescents with scoliosis. Scoliosis
7. Danielsson AJ, Hasserius R, Ohlin A, et al. Health-related quality of life in untreated versus brace-treated patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a long-term follow-up. Spine
8. Danielsson AJ, Hasserius R, Ohlin A, et al. Body appearance and quality of life in adult patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated with a brace or under observation alone during adolescence. Spine
9. Danielsson AJ, Wiklund I, Pehrsson K, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a matched follow-up at least 20 years after treatment with brace or surgery. Eur Spine J
10. Noonan KJ, Dolan LA, Jacobson WC, et al. Long-term psychosocial characteristics of patients treated for idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop
11. Merenda L, Costello K, Santangelo AM, et al. Perceptions of self-image and physical appearance: conversations with typically developing youth and youth with idiopathic scoliosis. Orthop Nurs
12. Olafsson Y, Saraste H, Ahlgren R. Does bracing affect self-image? A prospective study on 54 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J
13. Tones M, Moss N, Polly DW. A review of quality-of-life and psychosocial issues in scoliosis. Spine
14. Weinstein SL, Dolan LA, Wright JG, et al. Design of the Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial (BrAIST). Spine
15. Carreon LY, Sanders JO, Polly DW, et al. Spinal appearance questionnaire: factor analysis, scoring, reliability, and validity testing. Spine
16. Cash TF. Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention. 2nd ed.New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2011.
17. Roy-Beaudry M, Beausejour M, Joncas J, et al. Validation and clinical relevance of a French- Canadian version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire in Adolescent Patients. Spine
18. Sanders JO, Harrast JJ, Kuklo TR, et al. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire: results of reliability, validity, and responsiveness testing in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Spine
19. Varni JW, Seid M, Kurtin PS. PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care
20. Choate LH. Toward a theoretical model of women's body image resilience. J Couns Dev
21. Larouche SS, Chin-Peuckert L. Changes in body image experienced by adolescents with cancer. J Ped Oncol Nurs
22. Lee MY, Mu PF, Tsay SF, et al. Body image of children and adolescents with cancer: a metasynthesis on qualitative research findings. Nurs Health Sci
23. Olafsson Y, Saraste H, Ahlgren R. Does bracing affect self-image? A prospective study on 54 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J

domain: psychology


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Welcome to Nasz Lekarz
NZOZ Nasz Lekarz (“Our Doctor” Non-Public Healthcare Centre) is one of the largest healthcare centres in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region, with over 15,000 patients being treated by GPs as part of primary healthcare at the facility. Our medical staff are highly qualified and experienced. We also have the most advanced diagnostic equipment at our disposal.
Apart from primary healthcare, we also offer specialist consultations in almost every medical field as well as a very wide range of diagnostic tests and examinations. Our services are available on the basis of contracts with the Polish National Health Fund (NFZ), additional health insurance plans and through private funding. We provide services in occupational medicine and medical servicing of businesses as well as insurance companies.
Appointments for visits are made either in person or by telephone.

domain: medical


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- Gilded Age
In American history, the Gilded Age refers to major growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-Civil War and post-
Reconstruction era, in the late 19th century (1877-1890). The wealth polarization derived primarily from industrial and population expansion. The entrepreneurs of the Second Industrial Revolutioncreated industrial towns and cities in the Northeast with new factories, and contributed to the creation of an ethnically diverse industrial working class which produced the wealth owned by rising super-rich industrialists and financiers such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Flagler, and J.P. Morgan. Their critics called them "robber barons", referring to their use of overpowering and sometimes unethical financial manipulations. There was a small, growing labor union movement, led in part by Samuel Gompers, who created the American Federation of Labor(AFL), founded in 1886.It featured very close contests between the Republicans and Democrats, with occasional third parties. Nearly all the eligible men were political partisans and voter turnout often exceeded 90 % in some states.
This period also witnessed the creation of a modern industrial economy. A national transportation and communication network was created, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization, and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. By the beginning of the twentieth century, per capita income and industrial production in the United States exceeded that of any other country except Britain. Long hours and hazardous working conditions, led many workers to attempt to form labor unions despite strong opposition from industrialists and the courts.
The wealth of the period is highlighted by the American upper class's opulent self-indulgence, but also the rise of the American
philanthropy(Andrew Carnegie called it the "Gospel of Wealth") that endowed thousands of colleges, hospitals, museums, academies, schools, opera houses, public libraries, symphony orchestras, and charities. The Beaux-Arts architectural idiom of the era clothed public buildings in Neo-Renaissancearchitecture.
The end of the Gilded Age coincided with the
Panic of 1893, a deep depression. The depression lasted until 1897 and marked a major political realignment in the election of 1896. After that came the Progressive Era. This period overlaps with the nadir of American race relations, during which African Americans lost many of the civil rights obtained during the Reconstruction period. Increased racist violence, as well as exile of African Americans from the Southern states to the Midwest, started as soon as 1879.
The term "Gilded Age" was coined by
Mark Twainand Charles Dudley Warnerin their book, (1873).
Agriculture and the American west
During the era there was a dramatic expansion in agriculture, especially in the Plains states, which attracted large numbers of immigrants from Europe, especially
German Americansand Scandinavian Americans. The government issued 160 acre (64 ha) tracts either free or at nominal cost to qualifying persons moving to the west under the Homestead Act. Even larger numbers purchased lands at very low interest from the new railroads, which were trying to create markets. This expansion into the west created a need for workers in the area to build railroads and facilitate trade. The number of farms tripled from 2.0 million in 1860 to 6.0 million in 1905. The number of people living on farms grew from about 10 million in 1860 to 22 million in 1880 to 31 million in 1905. The value of farms soared from $8.0 billion in 1860 to $30 billion in 1906. ["Historical Statistics" (1975) p. 437 series K1-K16]
Industrial and technological advances
The Gilded Age was rooted in
industrialization, especially heavy industry like factories, railroads and coal mining. During the Gilded Age, American manufacturing production surpassed the combined total of Great Britain, Germany, and France. Railroad mileage tripled between 1860 and 1880, and tripled again by 1920, opening new areas to commercial farming, creating a truly national marketplace and inspiring a boom in coal mining and steel production. The voracious appetite for capital of the great trunk railroads facilitated the consolidation of the nation's financial market in Wall Street. By 1900, the process of economic concentration had extended into most branches of industry—a few large corporations, called "trusts", dominated in steel, oil, sugar, meatpacking, and the manufacture of agriculture machinery. Other major components of this infrastructure were the new methods for fabricating steel: the Bessemer and the Siemens steel making processes. The first billion-dollar corporation was United States Steel, formed by financier J. P. Morgan in 1901, who purchased and consolidated steel firms built by Andrew Carnegie and others.
Increased mechanization of industry is a major mark of the Gilded Age's search for cheaper ways to create more product.
Frederick Winslow Taylorobserved that worker efficiency in steel could be improved through the use of machines to make fewer motions in less time. His redesign increased the speed of factory machines and the productivity of factories while undercutting the need for skilled labor. This mechanization made some factories an assemblage of unskilled laborers performing simple and repetitive tasks under the direction of skilled foremen and engineers. Machine shops grew rapidly, and they comprised highly skilled workers and engineers. Both the number of unskilled and skilled workers increased, as their wage rates grew. Engineering colleges were established to feed the enormous demand for expertise. Railroads invented complex bureaucratic systems, using middle managers, and set up explicit career tracks. They hired young men at age 18-21 and promoted them internally until a man reached the status of locomotive engineer, conductor or station agent at age 40 or so. Career tracks were invented for skilled blue collar jobs and for white collar managers, starting in railroads and expanding into finance, manufacturing and trade. Together with rapid growth of small business, a new middle class was rapidly growing, especially in northern cities.
The United States became a world leader in applied technology. From 1860 to 1890, 500,000
patents were issued for new inventions—over ten times the number issued in the previous seventy years. George Westinghouseinvented air brakes for trains (making them both safer and faster). Theodore Vailestablished the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. Thomas A. Edison invented a remarkable number of electrical devices, as well as the integrated power plant capable of lighting multiple buildings simultaneously; he founded General Electriccorporation. Oil became an important resource, beginning with the Pennsylvania oil fields. Kerosenereplaced whale oiland candles for lighting. John D. Rockefeller created Standard Oil Companyto consolidate the industry.
By the scandals associated with the Reconstruction era, including corrupt state governments, massive fraud in cities controlled by political machines, political payoffs to secure government contracts (especially the
Crédit Mobilier of America scandalregarding the financing of the transcontinental railroad), and widespread evidence of government corruption during the Ulysses S. GrantAdministration, Americans' sense of civic virtue was shocked. Led by the Bourbon Democrats, especially Samuel J. Tildenand Grover Cleveland, there was a call for reform, such as Civil Service Reform. More generally, there was a sense that government intervention in the economy resulted in favoritism, bribery, kickbacks, inefficiency, waste and corruption. The Bourbon Democrats led the call for a free market, low tariffs, low taxes, less spending and, in general, a Laissez-Faire(hands-off) government. They denounced imperialismand overseas expansion. Many business and professional people supported this approach, although, to encourage rapid growth of industry and protect America's high wages against the low wage system in Europe, most Republicans advocated a high protective tariff. Labor activists and agrarians expressed the same spirit but focused their attacks on monopolies and railroads as unfair to the little man; they also complained that high tariffs for instance on British steel benefited industrialists like Carnegie more than his employees who even at the time were regarded by many as being pitifully exploited.
In politics, the two parties engaged in very elaborate get-out-the vote campaigns that succeeded in pushing turnout to 80%, 90%, and even higher. It was financed by the "
spoils system" whereby the winning party distributed most local, state and national government jobs, and many government contracts, to its loyal supporters. Large cities were dominated by political machines, in which constituents supported a candidate in exchange for anticipated patronage—favors back from the government, once that candidate was elected—and candidates were selected based on their willingness to play along. The best known example of a political machine from this time period is Tammany Hallin New York City, led by Boss Tweed.
Presidential elections between the two major parties (the Republicans and Democrats), were closely contested, and Congress was marked by political stalemate.
Mudslingingbecame an increasingly popular way of gaining advantage at the polls, and Republicans employed an election tactic known as " waving the bloody shirt". Candidates, especially when combating corruption charges, would remind voters that the Republican Party had saved the nation in the Civil War. During the 1870s, voters were repeatedly reminded that the Democrats had been responsible for the bloody upheaval, an appeal that attracted many Union veterans to the Republican camp. The Republicans consistently carried the North in presidential elections. The South, on the other hand, became the Solid South, nearly always voting Democratic. The political humiliations of Reconstruction were still fresh in many minds. Conversely, the Democrats invoked images of the "lost cause" and the glorious " stars and bars" in much the same way Republicans "waved the bloody shirt".
Overall, Republican and Democratic political platforms remained remarkably constant during the years before 1900. The negativity and ambiguity of politics began a shift in the press to
yellow journalism, in which sensationalismand sentimental stories took as prominent a role as factual news.
Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbiltwere amongst the most influential industrialists during the Gilded Age. Carnegie was born into a poor Scottish family; at age 18 he became an assistant to railroad superintendent Thomas A. Scottin Pittsburgh. In 1870, Carnegie erected his first blast furnace. Both Carnegie and Rockefeller gave away most of their wealth in large scale philanthropy. Carnegie created the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now part of Carnegie Mellon University) to upgrade craftsmen into trained engineers and scientists. Carnegie built hundreds of public libraries and several major research centers and foundations. Rockefeller retired from the oil business in 1897 and devoted the next 40 years of his life to giving away most of his money using systematic philanthropy, especially in the areas of education, medicine and race relations. "Commodore" C. Vanderbilt started out as a poor Staten Island farmer boy, then quickly through his sharp wit and lethal business policies built an enormous fortune in steamships and railroading to become the wealthiest man in the world in his day. His descendants and heirs would become famous for their ability to both increase and spend their wealth, building gigantic and lavish mansions and dominating Gilded Age high society.
During the Gilded Age, approximately 10 million immigrants came to the United States, many in search of religious freedom and greater prosperity. The population surge in major U.S. cities as a result of immigration gave cities an even stronger impact on government, attracting power-hungry politicians and entrepreneurs. Pressuring voters or falsifying ballots was commonplace for politicians, who often sought power only to exploit their constituents. To accommodate the influx of people into the U.S., the federal government built
Ellis Islandin 1892 near the Statue of Liberty. After 1892, a short physical examination was given; those with contagious diseases were not admitted. Few immigrants went to the poverty-stricken South.
The construction of the
Central Pacificrailroad in Californiaand Nevadawas handled largely by Chinese laborers. In the 1870 census there were 58 Chinese men and 4 women in the entire country; these numbers grew to 100,000 men and 40,000 women in the 1880 census. [ See [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/twps0029.html Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-1990] U.S. Bureau of the Census] Labor unions such as the American Federation of Laborstrongly opposed the presence of Chinese labor, by reason of both economic competition and race. Immigrants from China were not allowed to become citizens until 1950; however, their children born in the U.S. were full citizens.
Congress banned further Chinese immigration through the
Chinese Exclusion Actin 1882; the act prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the United States, but some students and businessmen were allowed in.Subsequent to the act, the Chinese population declined to only 37,000 in 1940. Many returned to China (a greater proportion than most other immigrant groups) yet most of them stayed in the United States. Chinese people were unwelcome in many areas, so they resettled in the " Chinatown" districts of large cities.
Modern labor unions emerged during the Civil War era. One of the earlier attempts at a national union was the
National Labor Union, formed in Baltimore in 1866. The Knights of Labor, founded in 1869, had success in the late 1880s but then collapsed. The American Federation of Labor(AFL), a coalition of trades unions, became dominant in the 1890s, under Samuel Gompers. and the IWWemerged, encouraging all workers to unite. The Pullman factory in Chicago, with a paternalistic policy of company housing, laid off employees and cut wages during the Panic of 1893but did not cut rents, angering workers. Eugene Debs moved onto the scene in 1894, ordering his American Railroad Union(ARU) members to stop handling Pullman rail cars, effectively halting the movement of passenger trains across the U.S. The established railway brotherhoods and the AFL rejected the ARU as dual unionism. President Grover Clevelandsecured federal court orders to stop blocking the U.S. mail. Debs refused to obey, federal troops broke the illegal strike, and Debs went to prison for six months. Debs later founded the Socialist Party of America, which advocated a peaceful end to capitalism.
alan berriosHistory of the United States (1865-1918)
Third Party System
American Old West
J. P. Morgan
*Henry Huttleston Rogers
John D. Rockefeller
Nadir of American race relations
* Peter H. Argersinger; "Structure, Process, and Party: Essays in American Political History." [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=55565101 (1992) online version]
* Alan Brinkley; "The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, Volume II: From 1865" McGraw Hill Higher Education 2004. textbook
* Buenker, John D. and Joseph Buenker, eds. "Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Sharpe Reference, 2005. 1256 pp. in three volumes. ISBN 0-7656-8051-3; 900 essays by 200 scholars
* Cohen, Nancy; "The Reconstruction of American Liberalism, 1865-1914" University of North Carolina Press, 2002; history of ideas [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100740379 online edition]
* Faulkner, Harold U.; "Politics, Reform, and Expansion, 1890-1900" (1959), scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=8541336 online edition]
* Fine, Sidney. "Laissez Faire and the General-Welfare State: A Study of Conflict in American Thought", 1865–1901. University of Michigan Press, 1956. History of ideas
* Garraty, John A. "The New Commonwealth, 1877-1890," 1968)scholarly survey, strong on economic and political history
* Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885-1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds, "Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775-2000" (U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp 149-180; [http://www.uic.edu/~rjensen/rj0025.htm online version]
* Josephson, Matthew; "The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists, 1861- 1901" (1934), business history from the Left
* Kleppner; Paul. "The Third Electoral System 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures" U of North Carolina Press, [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24451028 (1979) online version]
* Morgan, H. Wayne. "From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877-1896" (1969) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=94446383 online edition]
* Morgan, H. Wayne ed. "The Gilded Age: A Reappraisal" Syracuse University Press 1970. interpretive essays
* Nevins, Allan. "The Emergence of Modern America, 1865-1878" (1933)(ISBN 0-403-01127-2), social history
* Schlesinger, Arthur M. "The Rise of the City: 1877-1898" (1933), social history
* Shannon, Fred A. "The Farmer's Last Frontier: 1860-1897" (1945) survey of economic history [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59123553 online edition]
* Smythe, Ted Curtis; "The Gilded Age Press, 1865-1900" Praeger. 2003. [online edition]
* Ashton, Susanna M. "The King's Men, or A Parable of Democratic Authorship." Chapter 2 of "Collaborators in Literary America, 1870-1920." New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
* [http://cmu.edu/home/about/about_history.html History] of Carnegie-Mellon University
* [http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/gilded More general information to the Gilded Age] on the
Library of Congresssite, "America's Library".
* [http://projects.vassar.edu/newspirits New Spirits: A Web Site on Americans in the Gilded Age, 1865-1905] by Rebecca Edwards, Vassar College
* [http://vlib.iue.it/history/USA/ERAS/gilded.html WWW-VL: History: United States: The Gilded Age, 1876-1900] by Robert Spencer, University of Southern Maine. An extensive collection of materials.
* [http://www.raken.com/american_wealth/Gilded_age_index7.asp America's Wealth in the Gilded Age] accessed
March 29, 2006
* [http://dig.lib.niu.edu/gildedage/ Illinois During the Gilded Age, 1866-1896, Illinois Historical Digitization Projects at Northern Illinois University Libraries] accessed
March 28, 2008
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

domain: politics


text:
by Ian Tregillis
Tor, TPB, $14.99, 381pp
Publication Date: March 4, 2014
This is the last of the Milkweed trilogy. Click here for the review of Bitter Seeds, and here for the review of The Coldest War.
In this alternate history story,
is at war with Nazi Germany but the stakes are higher than they were in our reality.
has a secret cabal of men who have learned to communicate with beings not of this reality, Eidolon, but which can enter our reality with an invitation and they can do things for us but with a price. MI6 finds out about this cabal and enlists their aid to defeat the supermen the Nazi Reich is creating. A mad scientist has discovered a way to tap into and trigger superhuman abilities in children. And these abilities are deadly to the English war effort. But the cost of doing business with the Eidolon may be even higher.
Will Beauclerk is one who knows how to summon the Eidolon and he lends his considerable knowledge to the war effort. Raybould Marsh is an intelligence operative who discovers the farm in
that is turning children into inhuman weapons. His fate ends up tangled with Gretel, the madwoman who can see/predict/manipulate the future. It is also Marsh who learns what the true price is for dealing with the demonic Eidolon the end of the world. At the end of the second book, the world ended. But Gretel made one last deal with the Eidolon send Marsh back in time.
He appears twenty years earlier, back when everything was starting to get bad. This is also a wrenching love story as Marsh sees his wife as she was before the Eidolons destroyed their lives, their marriage and their love. The Gretel of that time knows everything so she knows exactly what her future self has done secured a new timeline where Gretel doesn’t die from the Eidolons. Gretel now believes she has all the time in the world and a fresh chance at happiness and love with Marsh. The only trouble is, Marsh despises her more than the Eidolons. Marsh, on the other hand, sees this new timeline as an opportunity to give mankind another chance. All he has to do is totally erase all knowledge of the Eidolons and the Nazi program. He and his doppelganger, with the unwitting help of Will, must kill all the Nazi supersoldiers, destroy all records; then kill all the warlocks who can summon the Eidolon and destroy all those records as well. Oh, and save his wife and infant daughter from the madwoman…repeatedly. Piece of cake.
This is a bleak story but quite powerful. It is superbly plotted and the characters well-designed and well-drawn. The author has a very clear voice with very English overtones at least it seems so to me. I wonder how the English received these books. I can’t recommend this highly enough. Ian Tregillis is truly an author to watch. ~~ Catherine Book

domain: library


text: Since I was nine years old, I was diagnosed with GA. I only got it on my hands, and it would get worse during the summer as the rings would emit heat and become very red. I tried the topical steroid route but it was symptomatic treatment not a cure. When I was 21, I stopped eating dairy completely after a homeopathic doctor told me I was allergic just by looking at me.I started to notice that every time I consumed dairy, it would be clockwork that it would show up on my hands within 3 days. Now four years later, I keep a strict dairy free diet and as long as I do not eat dairy, I do not get the granuloma on my hands. Two years back, I decided to eat a piece of cheese while taking some digestive enzymes, my stomach was fine for a few days but I looked down and my hands were covered in granuloma annulare!! Soooo, that was when I really saw the correlation . The reason enzymes do not work is because enzymes are directed towards the milk sugars (lactose) not the milk proteins!

domain: food


text:
Based on 139 review
Select the date of your trip
Upscale Resort Style Hotel with Prime LocationLocated off I-75 & Archer Road, our Staybridge Suites Gainesville I-75 is the perfect location for your stay. Guests enjoy our apartment style suites that include full kitchens, a flexible workspace, and living area.Business guests like our easy Interstate access and proximity to companies such as the University of Florida, UF Health, and the VA Hospital. Enjoy the ability to use multiple devices with our reliable HSIA. Our large fitness center is sure to “pump you up” with 24/7 access.Check out our evening Social Monday thru Wednesday with beer & ...More details
Check-out ends at: 11:00
Pool and wellness facilitiesPoolOutdoor Pool.
Reception servicesLuggage storage
Reviewed 6 december, 2021
This hotel is awesome! The service from all the staff is impeccable! The breakfast servers are all helpful and cheerful, a great start to your day. Peter, Jalyse, Samantha, and Tiqueala all of you are the best. The front desk staff, not sure of all their names, but always ready to help and get what we needed! We stayed here for an extended stay as we were waiting to close on our home, and everyday the entire staff was ready to help with a big smile! The outside area is very relaxing and lots of room to spread out! We truly enjoyed our stay here! Thank you Staybridge staff your the greatest!
Reviewed 3 december, 2021
I stayed here on and off for about 3 months and it was a very welcoming environment every time I walked in. The best employees were the breakfast ladies Samantha & Tiqueala! They were sweet and remembered what I would want to eat each day. The hotel was always clean and well kept. I stayed in a couple other hotels, but this one was the best.
Great stay in Gainesville, FL
Reviewed 3 december, 2021
We had a great stay at the Gainesville StayBridge Suites on our return trip from the Keys! This was our first stay in a StayBridge and we loved it! We have already booked another trip with them for next April! The staff at the hotel were very nice & helpful- especially Samantha and Tiqueala (worked the morning breakfast)! Looking forward to many more stays with StayBridge!
Reviewed 30 november, 2021
We recently visited that Gainesville property on the way to a wedding. We cannot say enough about how clean the property was and how pleasant the staff was. Especially Marcel and crew at the desk. And at breakfast the next morning we were greeted by two pleasant servers Samantha and Tiqueala. The property is easy to access and there are plenty of restaurants close by. I highly recommend a visit if you are traveling in this area.
Sam peter jalyse
Reviewed 27 november, 2021
Sam, jalyse, and Peter go above and beyond to make the stay an excellent experience! They were a sweet surprise for breakfast before the game. The hotel is pretty new and the amenities seem nice. It's in a central area of town with a good location.

domain: travel


Jon Pardi has released the video for “Last Night Lonely” which follows him for a night on the town, picking his guitar at a roadside motel before dancing down the iconic Las Vegas strip. The song is a Top 25 and climbing hit on the country charts.
5 years of chaos with Summer and she still loves me! 🙌🏼🕺 pic.twitter.com/p3QXIWtdzt
— Jon Pardi (@JonPardi) May 3, 2022


text:
when we think of rage, we summon our mother. unsullied memories of her barefoot & bloated, knifing the air beneath our father’s scraggly chin, making crazy look sacrosanct in the flouro light. “there was a time when sexual harassment was a compliment,” our mother says, brushing the blue out of her eyes. how provocative. how… Continue reading swamped – mud howard
all the dark singing in a house empty of bodies I know every noisy board & corner of furniture I made this place I never know how long a thing lasts or much of what to say unless it doesn’t matter in which case I am at my most eloquent I stoke a fire forgiving… Continue reading Valuable – Nathan Wade Carter
if you call me fruit I say thank you pebble edged off a cliff a quick cheeky kiss goodbye I leave the company of a sparkler vacuum of sky and sea and these in loops of moon we drift because nothing is stationary Nathan Wade Carter is a queer, grey-a poet, musician,… Continue reading Of Moon – Nathan Wade Carter
my feelings an air-horn I want to burrow go blind descend how many miles of dirt until I am insulated from violence sonic knifey questions too small to read which is what I’m trying to be they say love will come to you but I am tired thin veils overripe tomatoes immeshed ego dogs I… Continue reading knifey – Nathan Wade Carter
Slimy-capped loghugger inky, oceanic hues indigestible blues and grays cap like a domed jelly, slick and submersed Blanchbone forest coral notable for upthrust extensions, defiant of its habitat where things become soil as soon as possible [see, e.g., old man's beard, lignous lichen, overbent hemlock] Rosy bruisecap nearly always an incomplete toadstool, it's said that… Continue reading Mushrooms – Ian Carr
C. Zadaigh started drawing comics ten years ago and is finally getting good at it. She's currently working on a children's book and contemplating the YA graphic novel about robots she'll eventually get around to. C. Zadaigh lives in New England.
Liz Yerby is a mouse and a mess. They are also a graduate of the IPRC comics certificate program. They regularly contribute to Vision Quest, and recently put out City Mouse, a 400-page book of diary comics about being queer and having anxiety. More of their art can be found at lizyerby.com. … Continue reading Comics – Liz Yerby

domain: artistic


text:
Oaktree Is Said to Raise $4 Billion Fund to Buy Distressed European Assets
Oaktree Capital Management LP, a Los Angeles-based investor that oversees $75 billion, raised a 3 billion-euro ($3.9 billion) fund focusing on taking control of distressed European companies through their debt or equity, according to two people with knowledge of the situation.
The European Principal Fund III raised 20 percent more than its initial target of 2.5 billion euros and 76 percent more than Oaktree’s previous fund using the same strategy in 2008, said the people, who declined to be identified because the matter isn’t public.
An Oaktree official, who declined to be identified citing company policy, wouldn’t comment.
Distressed asset-investment funds worldwide recorded a 3.2 percent return in January, compared with 2.1 percent a year earlier, according to an index compiled by New York-based adviser Hennessee Group LLC.
To contact the reporter on this story: Patricia Kuo in London at firstname.lastname@example.org
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Faris Khan at email@example.com

domain: economics


text:
Te Ātiawa and the Kāpiti District Council have signed an agreement to work in partnership on water and its management in the rohe.
The Te Āti Awa ki Whakarongotai Water Working Group will now work with the council to explore how to manage water in a culturally appropriate way within the Waikanae, Paraparaumu and Raumati catchment.
The iwi and the council recently launched the 'River Recharge Scheme', which uses traditional Māori scientific knowledge to oxygenate the river with tuna, or eels.
The chair of the working group, Bill Carter, said it confirmed the important role iwi played as kaitiaki of natural resources.
"We saw there was a position as Treaty partners for the three [local iwi] of us having a joint responsibility," Mr Carter said.
"So that the progress of the River Recharge project was jointly managed by an adaptive management committee comprising representatives of the Wellington Regional Council, the Kāpiti Coast District Council and the Te Ātiawa ki Whakarongotai Water Group."
Kāpiti Coast District mayor Ross Church said tribal involvement in the scheme was an important step forward as tāngata whenua brought valuable knowledge and a guardianship role to the table.
Mr Church said the Te Āti Awa working group and the iwi as a whole had an immensely valuable role in the plan to revitalise the river, as well as the contribution of their knowledge and cultural advice.
He said it was the iwi who suggested the "tuna" (eels) as a way of aerating the water, removing gases, and oxygenating the water by putting it over a waterfall before it meets the river.
"Adding 400-year-old aquifer water is more than just a practical solution, it's one that demonstrates the spiritual significance of caring for the awa [river], and nurtures the area's most precious resource - water."
Mr Church said it was important to recognise publicly how much the council values the contribution of the Te Āti Awa ki Whakarongotai Water Working Group and Te Ātiawa.
He said their partnership on the River Recharge Scheme reflected the vibrant, thriving and diverse Kāpiti the council's seeking to create via its long-term plan.
The chair of Te Āti Awa ki Whakarongotai Water Working Group Bill Carter said arrangements such as this build on top of the long-standing 20-year relationship local iwi have with the council which they're also very proud of.

domain: news


Turn on any news channel or check out any news website and you will see that everyone is talking about the possible health risks of cell phone usage, especially in children. What should you and your children do to minimize any possible risks? A cancer expert suggests limiting cell phone usage, especially in children, because of possible cancer risk. Children should only use cell phones in emergencies because their brains are still developing.
This is based on unpublished data, because science moves at a very slow pace. It is better to be safe than sorry, so take the proper precautions, now. There is no evidence that cell phones are absolutely safe. The FDA says that phones emit low levels of radiofrequency while in use and very low RF while in standby mode. It is difficult to study the negative affects it has on people, yet. If you are concerned, you can eliminate your exposure by using a headset, speaker phone, or holding the phone farther from your ear.
A study in Sweden suggests that that their no warnings of increased brain cancer rates. More studies are obviously needed on the long term effect of children’s cell phone use.
The fact is there is no associated risk of brain tumors in children, yet. So, it might be better not to give out any false alarms because people will not believe anything we say and ignore future, bigger problems. Parents need to feel confident that they are doing the right thing for their children. Some argue that kids should not be given unrestricted access to cell phones all day and night. That is good parenting skills, not out fear of health risks.
This fear may be based on paranoia about living in a technological age and modern culture. Recent studies have shown no risk of brain tumors with regular cell phone risk.
There is no link between wireless usage and adverse health affects in adults. However, nothing has been ruled out, yet either. There is a possible increased risk in those who use cell phones more than usual. There is a definite safety risk linked to texting and talking while driving. Long time cell phone users who talk more than an hour a day are more likely to suffer from a high -frequency hearing loss.
by Lyla Feldman


20 Unforgettable Lessons I Learned from the Steve Harvey Act Like A Success Conference (Part II)
09 May 2017
This is the second of two articles on 20 lessons I learned from the 2017 Steve Harvey Act Like A Success Conference. To read the first part, click here. There were so many great lessons that I had to break them into two posts. Here are the last 10 lessons. Enjoy!
11. Be clear about your vision.
Despite his teacher making fun of him as a kid after he told her that he wanted to be on TV when he grew up, Steve Harvey held on to that vision. When he was homeless for three years, he held on to his vision. When he owed the IRS millions of dollars, he held on to that vision. When he was going through his divorce and some of the toughest times in his life, he held on to his vision. He never let go of that vision and allowed it to guide him in everything he did. That vision was so clear that he now has five television shows he’s currently featured in. How clear is your vision for your life?
12. Figure out the conditions you need to be creative and to find clarity, then recreate them.
If you’ve never heard of Teneshia Jackson Warner, you should definitely check out her story. As one of the speakers at this year’s Act Like A Success Conference, she led a session on how to unleash your creativity. She made a powerful point I had never thought of as a creative. Often, we’ll come up with ideas that end up being pretty amazing. But we don’t always think about the conditions we were in when we came up with those ideas. Teneshia made the point to be intentional about how you come up with your ideas. Figure out what conditions are most conducive to your creativity and then recreate them whenever you need to.
13. Know who you are—and know who you’re with.
One of my favorite parts of the Act Like A Success Conference was getting to hear Gerald and Patrice Washington speak on stage together for the first time. Their story is one that will inspire you to push through the hard times in order to get to your blessing. Read my first post on these lessons to learn more about the challenges they faced several years ago. One of the attendees asked Patrice if at any time during their toughest financial challenges, she had any doubt that her husband would be able to turn things around for their family as the head of their household. Without hesitation, Patrice responded: “I never had any doubt that my husband would turn things around because I knew who I married. I knew who he was.” What a powerful lesson for everyone about the importance of knowing and having confidence in your mate to get you through tough times—because they will come.
14. Understand that everything can change overnight; but you must keep putting faith in action.
I remember the last Radical Success Conference I attended in 2014 with Doreen Rainey. It was in Virginia, and at that time, she announced that it would be her last conference due to health problems she was having, and a need for her to step back and re-evaluate what was most important to her. It had been a tough decision to make and the attendees were all extremely disappointed to hear the news—to say the least. Only a few months after making that announcement, Doreen was contacted by Steve Harvey World Group. Steve Harvey was interested in getting into the business of transformation and when he had asked Lisa Nichols who he would recommend he work with, she gave Doreen’s name. Fast forward to today: Doreen Rainey is now the VP of Operations for Act Like A Success | A Steve Harvey Company. But none of this would have happened had Doreen not been taking action on her vision and goals in a way that made a real impact on others. Proof that indeed, everything can change overnight.
15. Sometimes, God has something better planned.
The weekend that I left for the Act Like A Success Conference in Atlanta was a stormy one along the East Coast. Not only was my flight delayed by 4 hours going, it was also delayed returning to DC. Although it was inconvenient, I have learned to try avoiding stressing out when things like that happen because it doesn’t help much. However, when I found out that my flight was canceled, I was frustrated. All I really wanted to do was get home and get some rest after such a transformative, but busy weekend. As I sat there working on fining another flight out, I found out that the airline had already booked me on the next available flight. Not only was the flight booked automatically, but instead of having to two layovers as I would have had with my original flight, I was now booked for a direct flight to DC. Indeed, God’s delays are not God’s denials. Sometimes He has a much better (and more direct) plan for our lives than we could have ever orchestrated on our own.
16. You many not get to your destination when you planned to be there, but if you’re supposed to be there, you will get there.
When things happen more than once in my life in a very short space of time I usually ask what lesson I’m supposed to learn from the situation. So when I finally got home after the conference, I had to really figure out the lesson in having both flights so delayed. And clear as day, I heard God say to me: “Yes, the flights were both delayed, but you still got to where you were supposed to be, didn’t you?” What a light bulb moment! And what an analogy for life. When setting goals for our lives, we often forget to leave space for the unexpected—those things that can cause what we think is a delay in hitting our intended target. When in reality, the most important part of hitting your target is the journey to get there. It may feel like you’re delayed in getting there, but in reality, you get there exactly when you’re supposed to—and not a moment sooner. You just have to trust God’s timing.
17. See what you want every single day and claim it.
I loved how Steve Harvey shared how he stays focused and motivated in reaching his goals. On his phone (and just about every digital device he has), he keeps scriptures, quotes, and photos to keep him inspired. But most importantly, he keeps his vision board on his phone where he sees it every single day. Where do you keep your vision?
18. Stop living in your old story.
How often do we begin thinking about and even pursuing new opportunities, only to get caught up in our past failures—our old story. That old story can easily hold us back from receiving our new blessings. When Gerald Washington was given the opportunity to go from working at Taco Bell to working for Steve Harvey, he could have easily felt intimidated by his new working environment, questioning if he really belonged there after everything he had just gone through. Instead, he focused on doing his best in every moment in his new job and chose to write a new story. That new story now has him as Steve Harvey’s right hand man in all his business deals. Is holding on to your old story keeping you from writing a new one?
19. Don’t be afraid to keep it real.
In this article, I wrote about some powerful lessons we can all learn from Steve Harvey in building a multi-million dollar brand. This particular lesson is one I appreciate and one that is on display every time I’ve seen Steve Harvey speak. He’s never anyone but himself. And part of that is keeping it real. Not only is he not afraid to say what most people would shy away from because of political correctness, he’s also not afraid to show his emotions in public. I believe that his authenticity and relatability are key to his winning formula and should be a part of yours. What does being authentically you look like?
The 2017 Act Like A Success Conference featured some incredibly successful, powerful, and influential speakers. But one thing that struck me was how every single speaker, after they finished their stint on stage, stayed and spoke to attendees. And not just a few attendees—every single person who was waiting in line to speak to them. That was the true mark of service. I’m sure in some way, the speakers had a sense that making themselves available to serve in that way and just listen to what people had to say, could potentially give someone the breakthrough or confirmation they were looking for. And in another, they all probably understood the importance of giving a listening ear to someone who just needed someone to help them feel like they mattered. The world would be a much more connected place if we all took the time to listen, really listen, to others.
Did you experience any aha’s reading this post? If so, share with us and let us know how you’re going to implement one of these lessons in your own life.


text:
I have had low thyroid for many years and have managed it with yearly check-ups. The last 3 years have been very stressful for me. I lost my mother almost 3 years ago and recently have had health problems. Question is my thyroid level went very low 8.52 and I was on .100 levothyroxine. So my doctor increased my dosage to .125 and said to have it checked again in July. It is time for my bloodwork this week and I know it has gone to hyperthroid because I was in the hospital six weeks ago and it was moderately hyperthyroid. 0.36. Well I went to my family doctor who could not see me in the hospital and he ignored the test and said to have it checked in July which is 3 months. It was almost like he resented the fact the doctor on call in the hospital said to follow-up and have it checked. I did have laparoscopic surgery a week ago to remove ovaries with very large cysts. I haven't been able to sleep.
The thyroid levels have gone up and down over the last 3 years 2 times which concerns me. I think my doctor was wrong to ignore my tsh test which was done in the hospital. Who is to say? I like the doctor and do not want to change and start all over again. Does anyone else have levels go up and down like this. I've had many tests for pancreatitis and been very stressed besides the laparoscopic surgery. So I guess stress can cause many changes in the body. Any advice please. Hope this makes sense.
I'm sorry for Your loss and all the stress You are going through.
Did You have gall stone problems and had Your gall bladder removed?
I have had many fluctuations in my tsh and t4, t3 levels for various reasons and had to learn to adjust my dosage to what works best for me. I have been very blessed to have a very (he is probably around 70 years old), knowledgable and understanding endo in a teaching hospital, who gives me the liberty to discuss any concerns, take aditional tests in-between my visits and provide a suitable (high enough dosage) prescription to adjust my dosage if I need to. I have come to recognize greatly the importance of good communication and relationship with my drs. If You are not happy with Your dr. primary or endo It may be a good idea to seek out another doctor in Your area or find ways to communicate better,; sometimes it helps get more educated and learn to speak their medical language. I pray that You will find someone suitable for You or that Your communication with Your present dr. will improve.
In Your post I understand conclude You are refering to Your TSH levels. When You get Your next bloodwork results, ask for a copy as well as from your older results. When looking at Your blood results, Your it isn't lonly the TSH that should determine Your dosage. T4 is the thyhroid hormone Your body stores in the cells which is then converted into the "active" T3 thyroid hormone, which regulates Your metabolism, brainfunction and other organs. I would suggest You keep a record of which T4, T3 levels. It is mostly the T3 levels that will determine how well You are doing, what dosage feels best for You. Sometimes the TSH may not be a good indicator (as in my case, because I have CFIDS it affects how the hypothalamous releases the TSH). I have made myself a chart with Exell (microsoft office tool) to keep track of dosage, hormone levels, periods of illness and how feel. If I find a way I can send it to You. I might have to ask the moderator if it is possible to send attachments or alike.
Also I have also noticed that during longer periods of illness and recovery the body does need to work harder and will need slightly more thyroid hormones replacement. This is also established scientifically.
Some medications like antacids, OTC or Rx, Iron and calcium can reduce the absorbtion of Your thyroid medications.
More or less significant weight loss or gain also will determine how much thyroid hormone your body uses. Perhaps a little more when You gain, or a little less when You loose say 15-20 lb. You should be able to tell ... You may feel more sluggish, depressed, have slower mental function, become constipated, gan weight more easily, when Your dosage is too low - or be slightly more hyper, anxious than usual, can't sleep, or are are loosing weight when Your dose is too high. You can familiarize yourself with the symptoms for hyper- and hypo- thyroidism and other resources on one of the official patient oriented medical websites below, keeping in mind one may only have some of the symptoms, as well as that some symtoms may be common in both conditions, as well as the individuality of one's physical make up:
Soregal, No worries about your thyroid flucuating like that. You will have fluctuations like that all the time. Especially when you have stress on your body from surgery and things like that and just because your result was a 0.36 does not mean that you were hyperthyroid. I don't know what type of hypothyroidism that you have and I am not an endocrinologist but I have had hypothyroidism for 12 years now and I have been there done that. I know it is like a roller coaster and it is great that you keep a good check on it. It is very difficult for doctors to adjust the levels of your meds and everything from drinking coffee with creamer in it when you take your meds in the morning or taking a vitamin too soon after you take your meds can affect the absorption of your levothyroxine. I wouldn't get upset with the doctor. I don't think he was ignoring it. I think he just felt that it was within the normal and healthy range and you were not showing any signs of distress so it would be wise to just revisit it after your body has a chance to recover from the stress of surgery. I hope you feel better from your surgery quickly! I have had my thyroid change like crazy after exercising like crazy for months or surgery or pregnacy. Anything that affects your hormones could affect it so just be vigilant of how you feel but they really don't reduce the dose that I know of and I am sure when you see results this week it will be more in the higher normal range if you are closer to recovery. Feel better and good luck! dizzy52
Thank you for your reply and I do need to find another dr. Just not so easy to do for me. But I will start to look.
The TSH level was 0.36 with level being from normal range from 0.49 - 4.00
T4 wa 0.98 with normal range being from 0.60 - 2.00
These were taken on May 17th in the hospital and the endo on call said to follow-up with my family dr. which he ignored and said to test in July which I am going in the morning to have bloodwork taken.
Hope this makes sense. I am on medicare/medicaid and all my family doctor gets is the TSH level which I guess is all insurance pays for. I don't see a reading of T3 on any reports. I will ask for the other readings which I am sure I will have to pay for but it would be worth it.
This laparascopic surgery has not been easy for me and still have a way to go to recooperate. I'm taking it easy and not over doing anything. I go to my gyn tomorow also to get stitches out. The only reason I found out about the cysts was my gastro dr. did a CT scan and discovered the ovarian cysts. Thank goodness the surgery is one week behind me today. The reason I was hospitalized in May was because I became very sick with vomiting and the ER dr admitted me for pancreatitus. I do not drink at all and had my gallbladder taken out in 1988 however I do have high tryglycerides which were in normal range in the hospital test the next day. The dr.(endo) on call in hospital didn't seem to think I had pancreatitus because the next day all enzyme levels were normal and he released me. So I went to a gastro dr and he did a CT scan, colonoscopy, endoscopy and mri. Then the surgery for the cysts which I have a very good gyn. That is a lot of tests and then surgery for such a short period Surgery was on the 27th of June. I am just worn out from it all and live alone. Missed a lot of sleep. I know people have a lot more problems than all this but so far results have been good. Cancer bloodwork (CA125) for the ovaries and cysts turned out great. The gyn who was the surgeon said the cysts were so large she had to go back and make larger incisions and even took pictures of the cysts and will show me. I'm very fortunate for this. I really don't think I have pancreatitus because the CT scan said "no pancreatitis". But then gastro wanted to do the mri. Of course my gyn had a copy of the CT scan and she ask why the mri and I told her the gastro said the lipase levels were slightly elevated. She didn't say anything but I knew by the look she gave me he was running the mri unnecessarily. She said it says right here on the CT scan that you do not have pancreatitus. I have had no more problems either with stomach. And would you believe I can't see the gastro's nurse practitioner until the 14th of the month. I feel like I am getting the run around from gastro too. I do believe some doctors are running too many tests. Guess all this wasn't necessary for the post in thyroid but maybe I just need to vent. I discouraged and confused. You are probably confused too. lol
Thanks for listening. When you are all alone and discouraged it's not easy. But I keep on going day by day. I will get the results from thyroid test and let you know. Man I wrote a book didn't I.
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The movie, directed by Abdulla Al-Hemairi, premieres in the ‘Lights’ segment at the sixth edition of the Gulf Film Festival. The segment features films from up-and-coming directors throughout the Gulf region.
Story: Beitna is about a father who uses his new camera to record his daughter playing, and discovers the impact of the maid on his child’s life, which results in revealing the parents’ carelessness in their child’s upbringing.
Inspiration: This movie’s inspiration comes from the fact that the director, Abdulla Al-Hemairi wanted to challenge himself to make a movie particularly for the festival. He believes that when a filmmaker chooses to make a short movie, it helps them in becoming a powerful filmmaker.
Obstacles: The main obstacle faced by him was mainly the budget and the script. Abdulla talked about the difficulty in writing a script for a short movie. He said it was more of an idea than a script.
Aspirations: Apart from being a director, Abdulla also has worked as an actor and a scriptwriter as he has written scripts for various movies. He talked about his intention to make a horror movie as he feels the audiences find it more entertaining when compared to other genres.
Experience: While this is his fourth time attending the Gulf Film Festival, it is his first time attending as a director. He feels that this is a great platform for filmmakers to meet and work together with.
GIFF Experience: When compared to the earlier editions of the festival, Abdulla also told us about how he feels that the quality of the movies has improved and how the audiences attending have kept on increasing. Every year, there is a possibility to find new talents through the festival.
By Kavita Mehrotra


Working Remotely – “Don’t Tell Me (What Love Can Do)”
During the pandemic, numerous bands continue to jam together! Many are not only practicing together, but they are writing new music. In todayâ€™s music focus, the band Sammy Hagar and the Circle perform the first track â€œDon’t Tell Me (What Love Can Do)â€ released off Van Halen’s 1995 album Balance. Below is the full set list of songs that have been recorded during the lockdown.


Kansas Athletics Inc. is extending its marketing relationships for a longer period, for more money and including another media company.
The department, which manages Kansas University's 18 official intercollegiate sports programs, announced Monday that it had signed a 10-year deal worth $65 million with Host Communications Inc., in collaboration with ESPN Regional.
The pact replaces the seven-year, $40 million deal that KU had worked out with ESPN Regional, an arrangement that had been scheduled to expire in 2012. The new deal aligns the university with the same media operation that manages marketing for the University of Kentucky and other prominent schools.
Host will sell, produce and distribute radio broadcasts for Kansas Athletics, plus have the right to sell, produce and distribute coaches' shows, TV game broadcasts, game-day programs, hospitality opportunities, venue signage, corporate sponsorship and Internet opportunities.
At KU, Host has worked out a "strategic partnership" so that ESPN Regional can "remain active" in KU Athletics, the department said, and continue to manage television production and distribution.
"ESPN is recognized as a leader in college sports television, and Host is a pioneer in collegiate marketing, recognized as one of this country's top sports marketing agencies," said Lew Perkins, athletics director, in a statement. "Together, they give Kansas Athletics a great one-two punch that will result in high-quality programming, innovative game-day promotions, effective sponsorships and creative new opportunities for fans to enjoy the Jayhawks."
The previous deal with ESPN Regional helped boost department revenues and exposure for sponsors. Beyond that agreement was ESPN Regional's financing for a new videoboard and sound system at Allen Fieldhouse, designed to enhance marketing opportunities and add to fans' enjoyment of games.
Angela Haar, who had been instrumental in landing the ESPN Regional deal while working as the company's general manager at KU since 2003, left the university in January to become general manager for Host's operations at Kentucky.


The latest work stoppage by unionized workers at Hyundai Motor and the way it was settled shows why the automaker is plagued by chronic labor disputes that severely cut into its competitiveness.
The latest conflict surrounds the company’s plan to expand production of a new popular small sport utility vehicle, the Kona, which was launched in June.
The management and the union, which had already spent three months on negotiations before the Kona’s launch, started last month talks on the plan to add an assembly line to its production at a plant in Ulsan.
But the negotiations made little headway as the union insisted on demands that had little to do with issues that needed to be dealt with under the collective agreement.
Then the company pushed ahead with the production of Kona vehicles in the second assembly line, to which the union responded with a stoppage of both assembly lines. Union members even used chains to shackle the assembly lines.
All these troubles came at a time when the world’s fifth-largest automaker is struggling with sluggish sales at home and abroad. The recent diplomatic row with China over South Korea’s decision to deploy a US missile shield system further dented the company’s bottom line, as Hyundai car sales in the country in the first 10 months of the year plunged more than 37 percent from a year ago.
Overall, Hyundai sold 3.27 million cars in overseas markets in the first three quarters of this year, a drop by 6 percent from a year earlier. Operating profit in the same period plummeted 8.9 percent to 3.8 trillion won ($3.5 billion).
Increasing sales of the Kona, one of the few vehicles for which consumer popularity is growing, was part of Hyundai’s efforts to fight the decline. The workers’ actions only impeded the company’s plan to ship the first batch of Kona vehicles to the US early next month.
As usual, the union’s demands exceed the reasonable level. Workers demanded that windows be installed at the second assembly line, that they make some parts currently provided by suppliers, and even the relocation of assembly line supervisors to other workplaces. None of these things have anything to do with issues to be dealt with under the collective agreement.
What had seemed good was that the company, which used to go easy on illegal activities by the union for the sake of minimizing lost production, was seen taking firm action against the union.
CEO Yoon Gap-han said publicly Tuesday afternoon that this time, the company would take legal action – both criminal and damages suits – and will abide by the principle of “no work, no pay” by refusing salaries to workers who participate in the walkout.
But the company changed its mind and gave up operation of the new Kona assembly line, which led the union to call off the strike that had impeded the plant for nearly two days.
Again, the auto giant missed an opportunity to cut off the vicious circle in which unionists commit illegal activities, and the company takes -- or threatens -- legal action against them, but eventually takes a step back for a “peaceful settlement.”
Such an attitude has emboldened the union to seek even more gains at the expense of the company’s competitiveness. It is no wonder workers’ productivity at the seven plants in Korea is lower than their counterparts in Hyundai plants in the US, Europe, China and India.
Recurring labor disputes at Hyundai would not only drag the company into deeper trouble but also impact many of its suppliers.
The latest case should shed light again on the need to make effective labor reforms that expand labor market flexibility and curb large unions from protecting their vested interests at the expense of their own companies’ competitiveness.


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The Electricity Authority of Cyprus (EAC) on Monday denied it has already decided to invest €43 million into upgrading its power plant at Dhekelia, following allegations by an association of businesses.
The EAC was responding to a statement put out earlier by the Electricity Market Association – the association representing providers of energy generated by renewables.
The association cited recent media reports to the effect that the EAC intends to withdraw from Etyfa – the Natural Gas Infrastructure Company. Etyfa is a subsidiary of Defa, the Natural Gas Public Company.
According to the Electricity Market Association, the EAC wants to take back the €43 million it has invested in Etyfa as a shareholder, and use these funds to invest in two internal combustion engines at the Dhekelia power station.
“If true, this contradicts the government’s policy concerning the EAC’s participation in Etyfa,” read the statement.
“Even more alarming is the fact that the EAC will use these funds in order to impose the continuation of its monopoly on the electricity market and to boost its dominant position.”
The association urged the energy ministry to “act immediately” by pointing out to the EAC that it must adhere to government policy. Also, the energy regulator should reject the EAC’s application to build the two internal combustion engines without the appropriate tendering procedure.
“The EAC’s application should be considered only if no interest exists from the private sector.”
Asked to comment, EAC spokesperson Christina Papadopoulou told the Stockwatch news outlet that they have indeed asked for permission to pull out of Etyfa as a shareholder.
The EAC has a 30 per cent stake in Etyfa.
Papadopoulou said that, following a review of the shareholding agreement, the EAC has asked the energy minister for permission to withdraw from Etyfa. The minister has yet to reply.
“No decision has yet been taken on how these funds [the share in Etyfa] would be used, if and when they are returned,” she added.


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David Kachadourian spent two months in the hospital without his wife, Janine, and three kids, until Janine surprised him.
How to stay safe and avoid “superspreader events” this Thanksgiving as more promising news emerges on COVID-19 vaccines.
A look at the top photos from around the globe.
Frustrations are growing within Biden’s transition team as the president-elect says delays could set his administration back months in combating the p
A look at positive news released by the University of Oxford on its vaccine development and a warning about celebrating the Thanksgiving holiday as CO
Eric Adams discusses New York City ending in-person learning in its schools and the latest state restrictions enacted by Gov. Andrew Cuomo.
Fmr. Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano and Rep. Denver Riggleman discuss the fall out as the President nears the end of his term in offi
Comanche County Memorial Hospital granted ABC News unprecedented access to its COVID-19 wards. Staff say they’re running out of beds and equipment. Su
HOSTED BY: JON STEWART
PERFORMANCES BY: NATE BARGATZE, RONNY CHIENG, SHERYL CROW, MICKEY GUYTON, TIFFANY HADDISH, BRAD PAISLEY, BRIAN REGAN, PATTI SC
Retired Lieutenant Colonel Kris Alexander discusses the hurdles to vaccine distribution, the limited role of the military and the dangers of a delayed
#2020 #trump #covid19
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President-elect Biden continues to call on the Trump administration to share critical information and resources amid its refusal to cooperate in the t
“To pursue your goals is one of the greatest things you can do,” Hannah Holmes said about being one of only two girls in the history of the Boy Scouts
Mayor Bill de Blasio announced Wednesday the nation’s largest school district will close again, as several other states also reimpose restrictions.
Pfizer and partner BioNTech said Wednesday the company will apply for FDA emergency authorization “within days,” following the promising final analysi
President-elect Joe Biden heard stories from frontline workers who described a lack of supplies and testing. Despite President Trump’s continued claim


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September 24, 2018 at 5:46 pm #122048
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A friend of the ICC wrote in with a link to an article about a new book about building a successful Catholic identity in the U.S.A., saying it reminded him of what the Institute of Catholic Culture is doing. An excerpt of the article:
…the Church has no significant influence on the broader secular culture because so many American Catholics have plunged “unconditionally” into that culture.
The solution, a new subculture, must be based in “a Catholic identity which is outward-looking and which is profoundly and radically committed to evangelization” of the larger culture, the author emphasized.
This subculture must sustain its members and maintain Catholic identity.
“You have to get your identity, values and commitments right or you’re going to be in serious trouble,” he said.


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(Beta vulgaris)Heirloom dating back prior to 1885 and named after Josiah Crosby, a Boston market gardener. Purplish red, flattened root which forms l
(Beta vulgaris) Mix of heirloom beets of various colours & shapes including Bulls Blood, Burpee's Golden Globe, Chioggia, Crosby's Egyptian Flat, Cyl
(Lycopersicon esculentum) Heirloom. Small, brick-red, round fruit to 2.5cm across. Juicy with semi-sweet flavour and slight acid overtones. 72 days.
(Helianthus annuus) An attractive way to suppliment your chooks diet. Simply select a plot, broadcast seed, allow to grow & harvest seed heads placi
Heirloom being one of the first fodder plants to be domesticated. Alfalfa (also known as lucerne) is a flowering legume in the pea family resembling
Originating with the Ancient Aztecs. Hardy plant to 1m with both leaf & grain used in salads, and cooked dishes. Higher in protein (18%) than wheat
***NOT TO TAS, WA*** A mix of rye, oats, spelt, quinoa, buckwheat & amaranth effectively used as a cover crop for digging back into
***NOT TO TAS, WA*** An ancient grain commonly used for food, fodder, as a green manure crop or for straw. Beneficial for adding bulk organic matter
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domain: agronomy


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New Books in Native American Studies (http://newbooksnetwork.com/category/native-american-studies/) is currently seeking hosts interested in conducting interviews with authors of new books on Native Americans. Hosting the channel is a good way to bring the work of scholars of Native America to the attention of large audiences. Interested parties should write Marshall Poe at email@example.com.
New Books in Native American Studies is part of the New Books Network (http://newbooksnetwork.com), a non-profit consortium of 81 author-interview podcasts focused on academic books. The NBN serves 25,000 episodes a day to a worldwide audience. Its mission is outreach and public education.

domain: literature


±2.7 Acres Zoned C-R (Regional Commercial), within the Jess Ranch Specific Plan in Apple Valley, CA. The parcel is located at the hard-corner of Town Center Drive and the heavily traveled Apple Valley Road, a major north-south corridor leading into the Jess Ranch Residential Communities. Standard Utilities are at the site. (Buyer to verify).
A block north of the site is the Jess Ranch Marketplace, a ±969,000 SF retail shopping hub filled with national retailers like Target, WinCo, Burlington, Famous Footwear, Best Buy, Ulta Beauty, PetSmart, Applebee' s, Buffalo Wild Wings, Red Robin. On Town Center Road, across from the site, are a few established commercial properties including Citizens Business Bank and Alaska USA Federal Credit Union.
The trade area, within a 5 miles radius, serves over 130,000 residents with an average household income of $58,625.
From Bear Valley Road eastbound, turn right onto Apple Valley Road and travel south. The subject parcel is on the northwest corner of Apple Valley Road & Town Center Drive.
Total population of , which has changed by % since 1990.
The median age of the population is , while the median
age of dwellings is .
Out of households, are families.


Youngsters soar in Broome
Hedland Gymnastics Club impressed after they travelled to Broome for the 2017 North West Invitationals.
In conjunction with Pearl Coast Gymnastics Club in Broome, the North West Regional Gymnastics Association hosted the highly anticipated competition on September 23 and 24 to showcase all regional gymnastics clubs had to offer.
As one of its first big competitions since moving to its new club rooms in Wedgefield, the Hedland club took one of the largest teams to the north, with 45 competitors tumbling, jumping and swinging to glory.
Club secretary Tracy Buckley said the club was very proud of all the competitors on and off the competition floor.
“A big thing for us that was good to see was our upper girls really setting a great example for young ones,” she said. “We basically have six-year-olds all the way to 14 and 15-year-olds and it really has been good to see whole weekend really seeing those older girls nurturing younger kids.”
With nine boys and more than 30 girls competing, the club won medals in several competition categories.
Munsaka Sianutete was the only level one to receive a gold medal, while Ella Abbott and Zara Brooks both received golds in their level 2 performances.
In level three, seven out of eight girls who entered received a gold medal, with the eighth girl missing out by only .05 of a point.
Coaches dubbed Emma Schmich and Sophie Wakka mesmerising in their level 5 floor routine.
A highlight of the day was Kaylea Smith’s overall win in level 6 for the whole regional competition after only one term of practice.
Not to be left out, coaches were able to spend time with judges and move up levels in training and qualifications during clinics after the competition.
“The amount of time and variation the children can have with each apparatus has really raised the bar,” Ms Buckley said.
“It’s been a long process and there’s still a lot more to do, but the results we are seeing so far is just wonderful.”
This Saturday, Hedland Riders Association will be holding a fundraising Poker Run at Whim Creek Hotel in an effort to raise funds for Hedland Gymnastics Club.
Leaving Caltex in South Hedland at 9.30am on October 7, the riders will meet at the hotel for an 11am registration.
To get involved in gymnastics in Hedland, find the club on Facebook at Hedland Gymnastic Club or email hedlandgymnas firstname.lastname@example.org.
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