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This just might be the least important Top Ten Reading List you'll come across this holiday season. Unlike others, my list isn't comprised only of books that came out in 2014, nor is it a Top Ten List of books by HOT NEW AUTHORS. Theses aren't books of Earth-shattering importance, and they're not books written by self-published authors who are on the rise.
These are just books that I stumbled across this year, read, and fell in love with.
That's all that I want out of my books. I won't tell you how to read or who to read, but I want to highlight these books because I think that you may enjoy them. Okay?
First things first: I read 29 total books this year. More than some of you may have read, and definitely less than a lot of you read. I read self-published books and traditionally published books, fiction and non-fiction. When it comes to my Top Ten List I only have one rule: any given author may only have one book on the list. To do otherwise just seems to me unfair. That limited how I could shape my list, however, as I discovered and fell WAY in love with three authors this year: Donald Westlake (I read three of his books), John Green (I read three of his books as well), and Nelson DeMille (I read a whopping SEVEN of his books this year).
So you can probably understand my rule now, huh?
Here's your alert:
And away we go!!
Number Ten: The Ghost of Blackwood Hall by Carolyn Keene
If you've spent any time at all on this blog, then you already know of my affinity for the Nancy Drew Mystery stories. I've reviewed a few of them before. The character of Nancy Drew was an early feminist icon for young girls and her stories are chock full of adventure and spine-tingling moments. I love them. Has it been a decade (or more) since you spent an afternoon with Nancy? Pick one of her books up again. I guarantee you won't regret it.
Number Nine: Beyond Hades by Luke Romyn
Beyond Hades is an action-packed thrill ride based on one crazy notion: Greek mythology is real and someone has opened the gates to Hades, unleashing monsters of unspeakable ferocity. Pardon my pun, but what in the HADES would we do in that situation?
Call in the military, an academic, and a time-traveling Aussie to save the planet.
Seriously. This book is just that crazy and just that fun. It also ends on kind of a cliffhanger, but don't worry: there's a part two.
Number Eight: 12 Years a Slave by Solomon Northup
In the late 1800s an African American man named Solomon Northup wrote a harrowing memoir that raised a few Victorian eyebrows before it slowly faded from the limelight until it was made into a movie of the same name earlier this year. I heard of the movie and decided I would rather read the book.
If you are an American I urge you to read this memoir. It will change the way you think of our history. Yes, we all know our nation was built on the backs of slaves. Yes, we all know that a war was fought that ultimately resulted in the freeing of those slaves and the simultaneous creation of a category of second-class citizenship, the echoes of which are still felt today. We all know this.
But the real, lived experience of an American slave is something most of us have the good fortune to know nothing about. And shame on us for that. If we as a nation are ever to be able to move on from the continuing impact of our bloody heritage, we all must be made to face the truth of it.
Solomon Northup was a Northerner who was born free. His father, a lifelong slave to a man with--at the time--progressive views on the subject, was freed in his master's will. Solomon was taught to read and write, to farm, some basic carpentry, and also learned to play several musical instruments. When he became a man he married his sweetheart and started a family. And then he was kidnapped and sold into slavery. And because of all of the laws that governed slaves and their movements, he couldn't just go to the police and explain that he was a free man. So he spent twelve long years toiling under the yoke before he finally managed to prove his status and return to his family.
This is a gut-wrenching tale. I challenge you to make it all the way through without shedding a tear.
Number Seven: Hyperbole and a Half by Allie Brosh
Hyperbole and a Half is a book that grew out of a blog of the same name. Check it out! But even though I have a blog of my own I tend of walk around woefully unaware of what's happening on the interwebs, so I bought the book without knowing anything of its predecessor. AND I FUCKING LOVED IT. If you know the blog, you know what to expect from the book: lots of super colorful illustrations and soulful venting. Buy it. Read it. And laugh until you cry or piss your pants or both.
Number Six: The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky
I loved, loved, loved this book.
But I have an embarrassing confession to make: I watched the movie first. I know. That's completely backwards. You're always supposed to read the book first. That way, while you're watching the movie, you can fit together the pieces that don't make sense, and you'll know what was left out. You can read my review of the movie HERE.
The Perks of Being a Wallflower has everything I love about YA books. There's a protagonist who agonizes about not being "normal," fierce friendships that start in uncomfortable ways, and the roller coaster ride of adolescent self-discovery. There's so much Why am I this way? Why are we this way? How can we make the world better/happier/more peaceful/ more exciting?? But it's never too much. None of it is shoved down the reader's throat. In fact, the manner in which Mr. Chbosky wrote the novel allows for the reader to be made to feel uncomfortable in a natural, almost inevitable way. Sort of like reliving adolescence. It is a MASTERPIECE of storytelling.
Also, the story is set in State College, Pennsylvania. I once lived there. If you ever lived there, you will enjoy all the State College references.
Number Five: The Basic Eight by Daniel Handler, aka Lemony Snicket
For the record, I didn't know Daniel Handler was Lemony Snicket when I read this book. Nothing against Lemony Snicket or his Series of Unfortunate Events, but I picked up The Basic Eight because it--and it alone--enticed me.
There's not much I can say about this book without giving away crucial plot points. I don't mind a spoiler or two in a review but these are Fight Club level twists and I want you to have the same level of enjoyment as I did when I read it. So I'll leave you with the Amazon blurb:
Flannery Culp wants you to know the whole story of her spectacularly awful senior year. Tyrants, perverts, tragic crushes, gossip, cruel jokes, and the hallucinatory effects of absinthe -- Flannery and the seven other friends in the Basic Eight have suffered through it all. But now, on tabloid television, they're calling Flannery a murderer, which is a total lie. It's true that high school can be so stressful sometimes. And it's true that sometimes a girl just has to kill someone. But Flannery wants you to know that she's not a murderer at all -- she's a murderess.
Number Four, Truth in Advertising by John Kenney
I picked up Truth in Advertising at Half Price books. It was a pure impulse buy. I knew nothing of John Kenney and the cover art didn't tell me much about the story, but I had a feeling I would like it, and I was right. Buying Truth in Advertising was a damned good rash decision. Smart, funny, fresh, and almost unnervingly wise. I had so many "A-ha!" moments while reading. I highly suggest this read!
Number Three: Plum Island by Nelson DeMille
I said in the introduction that I read seven books by Mr. Nelson DeMille this year. When it came time to compile this Top Ten list I knew that one of his books had to be included, but I wasn't entirely sure which one it would be.
I did know one thing, though: whatever book I chose was going to be a John Corey book.
John Corey is a recurring character in Mr. DeMille's books. He's also my favorite literary alpha male. I dedicated a whole blog post just to him. Check it out!
Plum Island is the very first in the series of books that feature Mr. Corey. And it's awesome. Unlike other books on this list, Plum Island isn't deep. There's no brooding, no angst, and no characters who agonize about who they are really. You know in their souls. Don't get me wrong. I love angsty characters. But every so often, a strong, gruff, no-nonsense alpha male is what a story (and I) need. You know, deep down. *wink* *wink*.
Ha ha. Just kidding But seriously. This book is awesome.
Action. Adventure. Sarcasm. Laughs. This is what you're in for when you read Plum Island. So read it.
Number Two: The Cutie by Donald Westlake
The Cutie was the first book I ever bought solely because of its cover. Also, with the 50 cent price tag it had at Recycled Reads Austin, I knew there was no harm in trying it. The way I figured it, I'd peruse a few pages to get a feel for the story, and if it was no good, what had I lost? Fifty cents and a couple minutes of my time.
No harm, no foul.
I've heard the name Donald Westlake before. And whenever I've heard it, it was spoken with reverence. Donald Westlake is one of the Big-big names in pulp fiction. However, The Cutie was my first foray into the pulpy arts. I've long been intrigued by the idea of pulp fiction, but never really prepared to take the plunge. I mean, yes, I read genre fiction, but pulp? Come on, I have a Master's degree.
Nevertheless, that cover intrigued me. And guess what? IT WAS A FUCKING LIE!! That woman appears NOWHERE in the novel. And she isn't the cutie referred to in the title! Who is the aforementioned cutie? Well, you think you know from the first chapter but the real identity of the cutie is one of the many twisty twists of this book!
The Cutie was so much fun to read. Donald Westlake has a really hysterical way with words. Here's how chapter two starts, by way of example:
Outside was the city, and it had halitosis. The air was hot and damp, and breathing was a conscious matter.
That is just pure literary gold, pulp fiction style. Love it!
And now, without further ado, we have...
Number One: Looking for Alaska by John Green
WARNING! Throughout the year, I have become something of a fangirl for John Green, and it all started with this book, Looking for Alaska, and the titular character, Alaska Young. Here's what Shmoop said about Alaska, and here's what I said about Alaska, and about the other heroines of John Green novels.
Because, for me, the real treasures in John Green novels are the heroines he depicts. I discovered this when I read Looking for Alaska the first time, and rediscovered it when I read it again a few months later. (Yes I read this book twice this year. That is why it HAD to be number one.) I found myself falling in love with Alaska right alongside Miles, the main character. I could totally envision myself falling just as hard for a similar girl had I met one when I was Miles' age.
Looking for Alaska is amazing. It's accessible for both teens and adults without being either overly simple or obtuse or preachy. It's wise and loving, and yes, angsty. But life is angsty, and sometimes we want our art to mirror the struggle of life.


In assessing the level of stenosis in extracranial Doppler analysis, spectral analysis has until now been used qualitatively, for the most part. Owing to the many variables affecting the measurements (mainly noise level and instrument setting made subjectively by the operator), the reliability of the inferences on the degree of stenosis is not clearly definable. Under such conditions the need arises for algorithms and systems that can estimate spectral parameters with a higher degree of accuracy, to verify whether reliable inferences can indeed by made or if this technique is only a qualitative one. In the paper a real-time spectral analysis system is described. The system relies on a new spectral estimation algorithm which gives estimates with good robustness with respect to noise. Moreover, a clear measurement procedure which eliminates the many subjective factors affecting the estimates has also been proposed and used. The system has been evaluated with simulated signals and in clinical trials and has shown better performance than the commonly used commercial analysers.


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Why KCH Operates
Children with disabilities in Uganda face many challenges and are amongst the most underprivileged members in society. It is estimated that one in every ten Ugandan children has a physical or mental disability. And disability has a significant number in the country with a large percentage of the population below the poverty line.
Facing stigma, superstition and poverty, CWDs and their families often lack access to treatment, rehabilitation and other vital services. Children with disabilities face many barriers to the realization of rights such as education, health care and a childhood free from abuse.
At KCH we believe it is our role to provide important rehabilitation services, to educate communities about the implications of childhood disability and to empower CWDs and their families to lead fulfilled lives.

domain: sociology


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HANDMADE IN THE USA
This pretty vintage inspired cloche hat is made with soft, floral cotton and dusky pink linen fabrics. It is a limited edition.
The main body of the hat is made in dusky pink linen, the top and one side of the brim is made in pretty pink and off white floral print cotton.
The brim, wider at the front than the back is fun to style to suit your needs.
Fully lined in a lightweight soft cotton for comfort.
This hat gives wonderful sun protection and is super comfortable and easy to wear. The Betty style of hat sits well down over the ears and has a brim which can be worn up or down.
A hat isn't just about fashion, though the bespoke hats found here at Boston Millinery are the height of vintage style, it's about how you feel.
It's about finding that finishing touch that make the corners of your lips uptick into a smile that shares your confidence and creativity.
If you love this hat, please share it on your Pinterest board, Tweet the link or post it on your Instagram account. Buttons can be found a little further up on the right hand side of this page.
More linen hats can be found here
Scheduled to ship 1-3 weeks after purchase..
Your lovely hat arrives in a handmade satin bag, ships via USPS and is insured from our studio to your door.
To maintain the original beauty of this hat it is recommended Dry Clean Only.
HOW DO YOU MEASURE YOUR HEAD?
Take a measuring tape and wrap it around your head just above your eyebrows and over your ears. Make sure the tape lies over the fullest part of the back of the head and do not pull the tape any tighter than you would want a hat to feel during wear.
SIZE Small: 22 1/2"
SIZE Medium: 23"
SIZE Large: 24"
This hat can also be made ADJUSTABLE to fits up to a size 24" head and can be made smaller using the pulley on the outside of the hat. This is a decorative feature and the satin ribbon allows you to make the hat smaller as you need.
No head too big or too small, custom sizes are also available, for more details, please email
Please be sure to take this measurement 2 or 3 times to ensure an accurate measurement. If in doubt always size up and never size down. If you have any concerns please contact me.
Materials: Handmade in Linen and Cotton, Lined in Cotton, Satin Ribbon.

domain: artistic


Gill takes it to the "House"
Friday, December 16, 2016
– Like father, like daughter.
And that means that Jenny Gill, who her father has collaborated with and written about ("Jenny Dreamed of Trains"), will release her debut EP in February.
"The House Sessions" will be out Feb. 17. The autobiographical collection of songs - Gill had a hand in writing five of the six - blends blues, Americana and country. "Every song on this project takes me to somewhere in my past," she said. "My favorite songs to write are those that reflect personal experiences instead of just telling a story."
Gill's mother is Sweethearts of the Rodeo's Janis Oliver. Her step-mother is Christian and pop superstar Amy Grant, with whom she has toured as a backup singer for the last six years.
"People have a preconceived perception of me because of my name, that I am country or that my talent should be at a certain place because of my parents' accomplishments," she said. "It's hard to get people to notice you on your own and not for being a plus-one. So that is what 'The House Sessions' is attempting to do. I am done waiting in the wings wondering what could happen. I'm ready to try and build something all on my own."
Sheryl Crow, Willie Weeks, Jack Pearson and Jon Randall help out on the disc.
Gill is now performing in "Christmas At The Ryman" with her father and Amy Grant. She will resume touring with Grant in 2017.
CD reviews for Jenny Gill
The House Sessions
It probably would have been easier had Jenny Gill's debut recording been straight-ahead country music. After all, she is the daughter of Hall of Famer Vince Gill and Janis Oliver of '80s country duo Sweethearts of the Rodeo. Instead, Jenny Gill offers up a six-song EP that is more pop-Americana than anything else.
Recorded in her dad's studio (not surprisingly, Vince helms the producer's chair) with the likes of Willie Weeks and Jon Randall in the backing band, it's a »»»
Editorial: Walking the talk
When names like Hank Williams, Johnny Cash, Waylon and the Hag are invoked, you're talking hard core country. These are the touchstones of country , the guys who made country music what it was and still is (or maybe can be). When these folks would sing about being down-and-out and the rough-and-tumble, they knew of what they were singing about. Fast forward a few years to the country singers of today. »»»
Concert Review: Stuart turns up the honky tonk
Late in the afternoon before heading up to Penn's Peak, news broke that the venue was nominated by The Academy of Country Music as one of the top five small venues for 2018. This foreshadowed a special vibe for Marty Stuart and His Fabulous Superlatives on this night, playing for about 1,000 fans.
The band, together now for 16 years, bedecked in... »»»
Concert Review: Trampled by Turtles overcome sad songs
There's light in the darkness of Trampled by Turtles. The latter is in the subject matter of the songs - there's a lot of doom and gloom in these relationships. There doesn't seem to be a lot of happy moments. As if to underscore that, the stage was often saturated in dark hues.
So, where's the light? Well, despite the cup... »»»
Follow Country Standard Time
Elsewhere in the news
Currently at the CST blogs
Dan Tyminski (known simply as "Tyminski" on his 2017 release "Southern Gothic") has traditional music roots and unassailable bluegrass street cred especially given his membership in Alison Krauss' Union Station. He is also a powerful songwriter and has been writing songs for himself and others for years now.... »»»
Bela Fleck and Abigail Washburn have powerhouse individual talents; each has followed an estimable career path to where they find themselves today: making complex, but spare, records, writing music together and touring with their son Juno. Their new release, "Echoes In The Valley" features mostly songs written by Fleck and Washburn, banjos, Washburn's strong vocals and very little else.... »»»
Legends don't come any more legendary than Chris Hillman. The roll call of bands that comprises Hillman's half century in music reads like a wing exhibit at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame; Byrds, Flying Burrito Brothers, Manassas, the Souther Hillman Furay Band, the Desert Rose Band,... »»»


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Smartly Manage Intangible Assets Through Data-Driven Recommendations
IPwe’s Smart Intangible Asset Management platform helps you understand the financial metrics of your intangible assets through patent analysis and valuations with critical information for decision-makers.
Instant answers, powered by Smart Intangible Asset Management
We built the platform to abstract the complexity out of intellectual property and enable the C-Suite to intelligently manage their most valuable assets through verified data-driven insights.
The SIAM Difference
By using 15 years of confidential patent data and advanced artificial intelligence, IPwe’s SIAM platform allows you to understand and track the value of your intangible assets like never before.
The SIAM Platform runs on blockchain technology. Thus, we created IPwe Digital Assets, our patent NFTs to provide a verified record of patent data so interested transaction partners can rely on a single platform for patent data and transact on that same platform.
Smart Intangible Asset Management is the only system that can verify it has been used to generate the following as principles:
We are the only IP analytics system designed for decision-makers and IP experts
The implementation of IPwe’s Smart Intangible Asset Management has resulted in a 25% increase in our ROI for our IP portfolio within six months of use. This has been a significant benefit for our company and demonstrates the effectiveness and value of SIAM in maximizing the value of our IP assets.

domain: law


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Wood grain pen washed with blue, accented with silver hardware
About the Artist
David is in a period of transition and evolution as an artist. Having become experienced and confident with the laser cutter, he is now exploring his own unique style as an artist, imbuing his laser cut designs with personality and originality. David takes great pride in his work, and is enjoying experimenting with other forms of art to expand his offerings on the laser cutter.

domain: design


June 14, 2011--The Epilepsy Foundation of Connecticut announced that after a 4-year legislative effort, the Patient Prescription Protection Act has finally passed the legislature and was signed into law today by Connecticut Governor Dannell Malloy.
The bill is designed to protect people with epilepsy from having their medication switched without their consent. It requires pharmacists to notify and receive the consent of the patient and their physician before filling a prescription using a new drug manufacturer or distributor of the prescribed drug.
Epilepsy Foundation Executive Vice President Sandy Finucane said, "Informed consent is the critical issue here. People who are going from one epilepsy drug to another need to know in advance and be monitored by a physician during the change. Most do fine, but for some it's a matter of life and death."
The Connecticut affiliate expressed gratitude to the many advocates who have worked to support the bill over the past 4 years--writing letters, attending hearings and making phone calls. This session, Representatives Boukus, Ritter and Walker, as well as Senators Harp and Gerratana were strong supporters. In addition, former Senator Handley joined supporters of this legislation at the Public Health Committee hearing.
For the more than 60,000 people in Connecticut with epilepsy who rely on medication for controlling and/or reducing their seizures, this legislation is long overdue. Now people with epilepsy can be assured of a consistent supply of their medication and can live their lives without the fear of unexpected seizures due to a switch in their medication.


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on purchases of $34.99 or more and
Free Standard Shipping on purchases of $34.99 or more applies in the U.S. only. Free Returns in the U.S. and Canada. Large, oversized items and products delivered by special or white glove carriers are not eligible for free shipping or free returns. Free returns are not applicable to final sale/non-returnable items. As always, check the deal's Fine Print for restrictions.
This is a great purchase. Two AA batteries goes a long way with this device. It has a variety of musical instrument sounds and beats.
The only negative is turning down the volume. It doesn’t seem to go lower than a medium.
This is a super cool add-on if you have one of the Sphero droids. I have BB-8, and it's fun to control him with the Force to play with my cat. I've only had a few days, so not sure if there is a skill curve or if I'm as good as the controls get (definitely not precise, but maybe that's me!)
So much fun for my toddler, great toy! The only thing I’m not too happy about is its slippery bottom. The mat moves around as the child dances on it if I place it on the wooden floor. It needs to be used on a rug.
Very good drone, can fly very high,I suggest you can buy one more battery. the camera is also very high-definition can be aerial photography, this exclusive carrying case is very good, easy to carry and can also protect the drone is not damaged, I recommend to the like drone friends.
My 8 year old grandson loved it. Said it was easy to assemble but didn’t want to take one apart to make the other one. One motor, two chassis. But I told him, if it was so easy to put together....then don’t be lazy. See which one you like better. It kept him busy and it didn’t involve a screen

domain: hobby


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A 22-year-old woman was attacked by her alleged lover who poured petrol on her and set her ablaze in Lalaguda on Thursday evening.
The victim, identified as Sandhya Rani, was working in a company at Shanti-Nagar, manufacturing aluminium doors. She suffered 70 per cent burns and was being treated at Gandhi Hospital.
The attacker, Karthik, had known her for over a year and claimed to be in love with her, said sources. “She had been declining his proposals saying it was against her family values and that they could remain friends,” a Lalaguda police officer said.
After she turned down his offers to take her out, Karthik decided to murder her. Karthik has been detained, sources said, Asian Age reported.
On Thursday evening, while she was heading for home, Karthik approached her in a bike and doused her in petrol that he had carried in a bottle, set her on fire on the main road and fled.
“The incident happened in a jiffy and before we realised what was happening, she was engulfed in flames,” said an eyewitness.
Locals acted instinctively, doused the fire and rushed her to Gandhi Hospital, where her condition is said to be critical.
Sandhya’s mother, who was waiting for her daughter at home, was devastated after hearing the news. “She was my youngest daughter and had always been a hard worker. We don’t know anything about Karthik,” she said.
On a complaint, the Lalaguda police booked a case against Karthik and formed teams to track him. He was later taken into custody.

domain: news


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FactCheck.org slammed what it says were fallacious claims made by Democratic National Convention keynote speaker San Antonio, Texas Mayor Julian Castro, among others, as “disinformation” in a piece titled “Democratic Disinformation from Charlotte.”
It tore apart Castro’s claim that Barack Obama has created 4.5 million jobs since taking office, rating it as “dubious,” noting that the economy has regained only 4 million of the 4.3 million jobs lost since Obama took office.
“The picture changes dramatically, however, when starting from the beginning of Obama’s presidency,” FactCheck.org found. “Between January 2009 and the most recently reported figures, there has been a net increase of just 332,000 private-sector jobs.”
It also said that Castro joined his fellow Democrats in distorting and misrepresenting Mitt Romney’s position on taxes, suggesting the GOP nominee would raise taxes on the middle class if elected.
On Pell Grants, FactCheck.org found that Castro distorted the changes that Paul Ryan has called for when it comes to Pell Grants when he suggested that Ryan’s “Path to Prosperity” budget “guts” the program.
Ryan’s plan would limit the growth of the Pell Grant program while keeping the maximum award stable at $5,550.
“Castro could have said that Ryan’s plan would result in fewer students receiving Pell Grants, since the Wisconsin Republican does want to tighten eligibility requirements and limit the growth of the program,” FactCheck.org said. “But Castro went too far in saying that the Republican plan “guts Pell Grants.”


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It’s like the default switch of silence goes off and she cannot speak to strangers. At home, Rena, whose name has been changed upon request, is a bright spark. She loves to talk and giggle, her eyes twinkling with mischief. At school, the five-year-old’s eyes dim with fear; it’s paralytic to her vocal chords. Rena, says her mum, has selective mutism (SM).
Mandeep Jassal, Behavioural Therapist at Priory Wellbeing Centre, Dubai and Abu Dhabi, explains: “Selective mutism is typically diagnosed around the age of five years and is a severe anxiety disorder. According to the DSM-5 [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders], individuals with this disorder fail to speak when spoken to when expected to in social situations e.g. at school or with relatives they do not see very often. This failure to speak typically lasts for at least a month.”
The diagnosis criteria, explains the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (Asha), are:
- The child shows consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school), despite speaking in other situations.
- The disturbance interferes with educational or occupational achievement or with social communication.
- The duration of the disturbance is at least one month (not limited to the first month of school).
- The failure to speak is not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, the spoken language required in the social situation.
- The disturbance is not better explained by a communication disorder (e.g., child-onset fluency disorder, or stammering) and does not occur exclusively during the course of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or another psychotic disorder.
Individuals with selective mutism fail to speak when spoken to when expected to in social situations e.g. at school or with relatives they do not see very often.
How can the disorder manifest?
- Lack of eye contact
- Clinging to parents
- Running away
- An outburst if asked to speak publicly
- Avoidance of eating in public
- Anxious when having picture or video taken
- Anxious to use public restrooms
Parental protection might be making things worse
A parent’s natural urge is to shield their child, so when put in a situation where a child is behaving like a ‘deer in the headlights’ and asking to be rescued, it’s only natural that they would come to their aid. However, this reinforces the behaviour of the child, ultimately making things worse. Website Anxiety Canada explains the vicious cycle as
Is my child an introvert or suffering from selective mutism?
Stella Antoniou, child and family therapist and parent coach at Stellantoniou.com, explains: “Being selectively mute is a disorder, a developmental difficulty. Being an introvert meanwhile is a personality trait. It has nothing to do with a disorder, anxiety, trauma or anything else that has to do with your life.”
Jassal adds: “Introverts are not unable to speak and become ‘frozen’ with anxiety, which is what happens with selective mutism.”
Being selectively mute is a disorder, a developmental difficulty. Being an introvert meanwhile is a personality trait.
Busting myths about selective mutism
US-based Selective Mutism Association (SMA) debunks common misnomers
Myth 1: Selective mutism (SM) is extremely rare
SMA explains that while studies point to at least 7.1 out of every 1,000 kids having the condition, it’s often misdiagnosed as the child may be called ‘shy’ or ‘autistic’. The number of cases is likely to be falsely low, it says.
Myth 2: Kids with SM are traumatized
While trauma may feed the anxiety, it’s not a given that it’s in play. It’s just that children may be more on edge because of the anxiety.
Myth 3: Silence is a form of passive aggressive behaviour
SMA explains that this is far from the truth. “Despite looking oppositional, selective mutism is more often the result of anxiety, avoidance behaviour, and well-learned patterns of removing themselves (or being rescued) from speaking situations to decrease this anxiety,” it says.
Myth 4: Selective mutism is extremely difficult to treat
Cognitive behavioural therapy and play therapy are known to help children suffering from SM.
Myth 5: Selective mutism is really just severe shyness
“Shyness is marked by a tendency to withdraw from people, particularly unfamiliar people, but shy kids are able to function adequately in society,” says SMA. “Rather, selective mutism is characterised by extreme inhibition and an inability to adapt to social situations that interferes with a person’s daily functioning and communication with others.”
Myth 6: Selective mutism is on the autism spectrum
While symptoms may seem similar when looking from afar, they are far from it? But if you are wondering which one your child has, says SMA, “One of the best ways for clinicians to rule out autism is to observe video of the child in his or her comfortable environment (usually in the home) to determine the extent of the lack of speech and a thorough understanding of the child’s true language abilities (recognising that more broad mutism may be more directly linked to language deficits and autism).”
Myth 7: All children with SM have social anxiety
While some do contend with social anxiety, you will also find kids with SM who will laugh and engage with their peers – they’ll just be non-verbal while they do it.
Myth 8: Children with SM tend to be below average in intelligence
How do you evaluate a child who will not respond to an answer in the conventional verbal method? It’s difficult and feeds this myth. “Alternative testing methods and use of accommodations such as recordings usually allow for a more accurate assessment for these children,” explains the association.
Treatment for SM
Jassal’s top tips for parents are:
- Forgo pressure tactics: Remove pressure on the child to speak, which in turn will help to reduce the anxiety, help them to feel more relaxed at school or home. This is to help them begin to feel comfortable enough to say a few words or sentences.
- Baby steps are okay: Let your child know that you understand their difficulty and tell them they can take small steps when they feel ready.
- All communication is fine: Reassure your child that non-verbal communication e.g. smiling or waving are great steps on the way to verbal communication. This and love, support and patience will help.
Antoniou calls for acknowledging their children’s feelings. “They should validate the way the kids’ feel and not push the child to talk. Because selective mutism has nothing to do with speech. It all has to do with social anxiety.”
However, this doesn’t mean a vacuum when it comes to educating them. “Let the children be the way they are without pushing them and also make sure they are having discussions, reading stories, playing different activities based on their anxieties,” she adds.
Antoniou explains that the role of the teacher is paramount in helping kids with SM. They can, she suggests:
- Use flashcards or visual cards that the kids can use for communication.
- They can do therapeutic storytelling in the class.
- They can set up a little kit that the child can have that they can use if they feel anxious, like sensory balls.
- They can take them to the school counsellor.
Does a multi-lingual approach cause selective mutism?
On the information-sharing platform Reddit, user @kitobich explained that their son has SM. “When he was a toddler in kindergarten he would not reply at all to any of the adults working there, at first also not the children. At school it also kept happening mainly with the adults, with kids it got better. He has been going to therapy for a year now and it's getting better. One big factor might be in our case, aside from him being very shy and somewhat socially anxious, that he is growing up trilingual and the language of the adults in kindergarten and school was not one spoken at home with either parent. Anyways having a therapist acknowledge it is SM helped a lot for the teachers to stop pushing him or putting him on the spot because that only makes it worse,” they wrote.
According to US-based Child Mind Institute, SM is more common among children who speak a second language, but bilingualism isn’t the cause of it. “For kids who already have an anxious temperament, being expected to use a language they are less comfortable with can put them at additional risk,” it explains.
Priyanka Dang, Clinical Psychologist at Open Minds Psychiatry Counselling and Neuroscience Centre, Dubai, explains: “Children typically progress though the stages of second language acquisition:
- Prolonged silence,
- Repeating words,
- Starting the process of quietly and non-communicatively practicing words and phrases in the second language, and
- ‘Going public’ with the new language. Children with the typical nonverbal period (phase one) move smoothly through the phases, but those with actual SM show no progression. Because of anxiety, they might become ‘stuck’ in phases one through three, never speaking confidently in circumstances that call for ‘going public’.”
Dang says that a child’s ability to move through these phases depends on personality. “Behavioural inhibition to the unfamiliar is one of these personality factors with significant potential impact on multilingualism. Children who are timid, frightened, and/or inhibited and who are expected to operate in a second, foreign language may be more likely to exhibit mutism as a response to this trait,” she adds.
Behavioural inhibition to the unfamiliar is one of these personality factors with significant potential impact on multilingualism. Children who are timid, frightened, and/or inhibited and who are expected to operate in a second, foreign language may be more likely to exhibit mutism as a response to this trait
Play therapy and its impact
Antoniou, who uses play therapy to help children with SM, integrates art, music and even doll houses in her sessions to connect with kids, analyse their fears and rehabilitate them. She recalls a little girl who she treated after a bemused mum brought her to her practice. She explains: “I had a little girl who was completely mute at school and very, very loud at home. And the mother was depressed, because she was like, ‘She doesn’t communicate her needs at school, won’t say she needs the toilet’.
“So what I did in play therapy was I used creative visualisation – so what this is a technique through which a child using various transcripts that I have visualizes a world where they have no anxiety, they speak, they talk, and then after they’ve visualised it, they put it down on paper (drawing, painting). This helped her a lot. Gradually, she put herself in a situation where she talked, she visualised it. It was a long journey but it worked.”
The silent switch went off – she could talk again.
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domain: psychology


text:
BELL FIBE PAY PER VIEW MOVIES
Prior to March , this channel was known as MFun! Bell Media is Canada’s premier multimedia company with leading assets in television, radio and digital media, including CTV, Canada’s 1 television network, and the country’s most-watched specialty channels. We have forwarded your comments to our team of developers. Crave has distribution agreements for original programming produced and owned by the American pay networks HBO including sister network Cinemax and Showtime. Retrieved 5 July Beginning in but particularly after the split from Superchannel , First Choice also made use of the slogan “The Movie Network”;  this became the name of the channel itself in
This marks the first time that the service formerly known as The Movie Network has been offered on a standalone basis without a television subscription. The magazine is also available for direct subscription by calling Crave. To learn more, visit: However, Crave holds non-exclusive rights to older seasons of Homeland through a separate deal with Fox, and the series is included in its streaming Showtime Collection. TMN ultimately assumed sole responsibility for the channel after replacing Movie Central in its service area. Depending on the service provider, Crave provides up to six hour multiplex channels all simulcast in both standard definition and high definition as well as a subscription video-on-demand service. This update contains stability and performance improvements, just in time for you to catch all the action of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics.
For the defunct Australian movie service, see Movie Network Channels. Bell Media head Randy Lennox cited increasing competition with Netflix as a basis for the decision. For example, the Showtime series Homeland is not covered under Crave’s output deal with Showtime; instead, its international distribution rights were mocies by 20th Century Fox which sold the Canadian mocies to new episodes to Super Channel under its own output deal in effect when the series premiered.
Pacific Time that day, First Choice aired Star Wars and continued to replay the film every other day for eight hours. We apologize for any inconvenience this causes you.
Bell TV Online expands top-rated CTV On Demand programming
Retrieved December 14, Retrieved November 4, Views Read Edit View history. The Saskatchewan government together with Cable Regina later Access Communications set up a provincial pay television network called Teletheatre in Bell Media Movie channels in Canada Television channels and stations established in English-language television stations in Canada Commercial-free television networks. Before other Canadian specialty networks like TSN and MuchMusic were licensed, First Choice prominently offered commercial-free professional sporting and concert events.
Retrieved 18 December This section needs to be updated. For Bell Media, please visit www. In Julythe CRTC, the Canadian federal broadcast regulator, announced that public hearings would begin on October 24 of that year on four applications for new national pay television licences from different groups.
On November 19,Movie Central owner Corus Entertainment announced that as a result of a strategic review, it had decided to exit the pay TV business to concentrate on its national specialty channels, and would discontinue Movie Central along with Encore Avenue.
Bell Media is Canada’s premier multimedia company with leading assets in television, radio peer digital media, including CTV, Canada’s 1 television network, and the country’s most-watched specialty channels.
Thank you for your review: Family Sharing Up to six family members will be able to use this app with Family Sharing enabled.
Crave has distribution agreements for original programming produced and owned by the American pay networks HBO including sister network Cinemax and Showtime.
Pef any event, HBO’s parent company Time Warner was not and continues to not be a shareholder, and only licenses the name, logo and programming to Bell. Archived from the original on December 14, TMN ultimately assumed sole responsibility for the channel after replacing Movie Central in its service area. TMN launched its i high definition feed in May Fibe TV clients can also: Steph Bris7 Pah the base-level Crave VOD service is also available through set-top boxes on that provider, subscribers to the pay service are also able to access this content, usually in a separate “Crave” folder.
On November 2,the new service was launched as Super Channel. After replacing Movie Central in Western and Northern Canada, TMN reverted to a numbering system for its channels similar to most other premium services, after several years of using theme-based branding for its channels. Movie television channels in Canada.
Bell Total Connect 2. Although essentially operating as a joint venture of Bell and Movie Central’s parent company Corus Entertainmentthe east and movles feeds were technically separate channels wholly owned by the parent company of the applicable regional service.
Showtime series as well as library HBO programming as well as some past seasons of current HBO series were available on both services, and remain available in both tiers. Each applicant claimed that they would commit to invest and develop more Canadian-produced programming content.
Homecoming vieq later, of which, Columbia Pictures co-produced are owned by Universal and Sony respectively. Crave broadcasts its primary channels Crave 1, Crave 2, Crave 3, and HBO Canada 1 on an Eastern Time Zone schedule for most viewers east of the Ontario – Manitoba border, and on a Mountain Time Zone schedule for vieww viewers west of that border, the latter being a holdover from Movie Central ‘s scheduling practices due to its origins in Alberta.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For subscribers in eastern Canada, this replaced MFestwhich was focused on independent and foreign films, in March These bel, mainly series commissioned from outside production companies which retain international distribution rights and, usually, sell them to other Canadian channels. To learn more, visit: Bell Fibe TV clients: News releases News search Bell visual library Email alerts sign-up.
Bell Fibe TV for iOS Now Lets You Download Recordings for Offline Viewing
Please work on that aspect and it will be a great app. Movie Entertainmentpreviously titled Featureis Crave’s monthly in-house magazine for linear TV subscribers, which has been published since June by Astral now Bell subsidiary Feature Publishing.
To learn more, please visit www. For many years, the de facto twin regional monopolies of The Movie Network and Movie Central have been criticised.

domain: entertainment


Two more examples in the last 24 hours of how the Government is failing to get even the most basic details of House management right.
We saw this last year also when they were so disorganised they had to filibuster their own legislation to slow it down. But they are now nine months into Government and still struggling with the most basic stuff.
A lot of Government work is complex, challenging and difficult. And it rings warning bells when the Government is failing at handling the stuff which is simple and straight forward.
The first example is reported by Stuff:
“Human error” caused the Green Party to leave an oral question empty today, as two new resignations hit their back office.
Question number eight – one of the few Questions every week reserved for the Green Party – was not received by the 10.30am deadline on Wednesday.
Co-leader Marama Davidson said this was the result of “human error” in their Parliamentary office, acknowledging some “teething issues” as the party transferred into Government.
They’ve been in Government almost nine months. And regardless of that in Parliament for 18 years. As a former staffer let me tell you that on house sittings days there is a total focus on oral questions. You always have an early morning meeting to decide what to ask, and then research staff write it up and file it. How you can have a dozen or more staff and not get a question in on time is beyond me. Especially when it is your sole question. It is harder when you have say half a dozen as you have to get them all done and all signed off by different MPs.
But the bigger issue is the sudden announcement by the Government that the House was to go into urgency last night.
There was absolutely no advance notice of this by the Government. MPs at 9.30 pm at night were planning on the House resuming at 2 pm today, and suddenly they learn at 9.35 pm that the House will be in urgency and resuming at 9.00 am.
The issue isn’t so much using urgency for a couple of tax bills, but the fact there was no notice or even hint of it. Normally the Government will either inform other parties through the Business Committee or through the Business Statement.
So not only was there no notice of urgency being required, but you have a Government so incompetent that only last night did they realise they may not get their tax bill passed by 1 July (when it was due to come into force). The Leader of the House should have been over this weeks ago, and should have been able to advise at least last week of the need for urgency.
Actually a competent Government would have placed these bills higher up the order paper, so they don’t even get close to the 1 July date. The Government decides the order.
Now again this is basic House Management 101. It isn’t rocket science. If the Government isn’t even up to being able to schedule bills properly, well it speaks for itself.
Now to make things even worse, the Government attempted to shut down debate on the bill. Yes, they really did. Here’s what happened. Jami-Lee Ross moved:
That it be an instruction to the Committee of the whole House on the Land Transport Management (Regional Fuel Tax) Amendment Bill that all members wishing to speak that have already spoken in Part 2 have the ability to have a full four calls reset to zero so each member is able to restart their speaking number.
Now this motion isn’t as significant as you might think because actually it doesn’t extend the time available for debate. It allows an individual member to seek more calls, but it is the presiding officer who decides when to accept a closure motion. If the Government was smart it wouldn’t have even bothered opposing it as it really makes little difference to how long the committee stage debate would go on for.
But instead Chris Hipkins moved an amendment:
That the motion be amended to delete all the words after “That” and replace them with “That it be an instruction to the committee that the remaining questions on the Land Transport Management (Regional Fuel Tax) Amendment Bill be put without further debate.
Yep the Leader of the House is trying to use the Government majority to remove the right of the Committee of the House to scrutinise and debate individual clauses and parts. That is almost unprecedented and outrageous. Basically and act of desperation as he has left things so late, he resorts to trying to stop the House scrutinise the legislation.
This is an attempted abuse of urgency far worse than probably any Government since Muldoon has done. And recall how Labour used to complain about just normal use of urgency. They are now trying to have a new form of urgency – one without debate.
This morning Hipkins withdrew his amendment as even the stupidest Minister must realise how awful this attempt to stop the Committee of the House scrutinising a bill looks. But it doesn’t change the fact he did try. Basically he lashed out under pressure and scored a huge own goal.
The Government has also been lashed somewhat by the Speaker who noted:
While I’m on my feet saying how things should work, in Speakers’ Rulings there’s a very good Speaker’s ruling from one of the previous Assistant Speakers in the last Parliament on how Parliament should work during the committee stages. What that says is, effectively, if reasonable questions are asked, the Minister should answer them. That will not lengthen the debate; that will shorten the debate. My view is that if Ministers had done that, this debate would have finished on Tuesday, and we wouldn’t be here in this situation now.
So again a stuff up by the Government.
The mismanagement by the Government has of course antognised the Opposition, who will now extend the committee stage out as long as possible.
It could all have been avoided with better scheduling by the Government, and if they had given an indication of urgency in advance.
Chris Hipkins is in theory very capable. But it has been apparent for some time he is not coping with his workload of Education, Tertiary Education, State Services, Ministerial Services and Leader of the House.
The PM really needs to do a reshuffle and find someone competent (a tough ask admittedly) to take one or more portfolios off him so stuff ups like this don’t keep occurring.


text:
These four dividend-paying businesses are industry leaders, but the market has unfairly punished all of them. TheStreet's Ben Reynolds says investors should take advantage of the stocks' current discounts by "loading up on these high-quality businesses trading at bargain prices."
But what do the charts say? Many times, the technical analysis of a stock differs from its fundamental analysis -- and in the case of three of these dividend stocks, caution is warranted.
If you use moving averages, you want to remember to trade in the direction of the moving average line. Prices are above the shorter, more-sensitive 50-day simple moving average line, and the slope is pointed up. Prices have tested the longer 200-day average line recently but they have not closed above the line.
The on-balance-volume, or OBV, line has turned up from a January low. A rising OBV line tells us that buyers are more aggressive with the volume of shares traded heavier on days when ADM has closed up on the day. The trend-following moving average convergence/divergence oscillator is above the zero line which is a positive.
ADM looks attractive on the chart now, but a close below $36 would weaken the short-term picture.
Walmart is above its rising 50-day average line and above the 200-day line, but the slope of the 200-day is still pointed down. Since the days of Charles H. Dow, we like to see volume increase with and confirm the uptrend, but here the OBV line is dull and flat, so we are not comfortable with a long position at this time.
Last, our momentum study weakened during the advance from the November nadir. Slack volume and weakening momentum should deter you from the long side of Walmart.
Traders should be happy if they are long Exxon Mobil (XOM) - Get Report . Exxon is above its November high, which turns the longer-term trend bullish. Prices are above the 50-day and the 200-day moving averages. The slopes of both of these average lines are positive. The OBV line is pointed up, and we see no bearish divergences to raise a flag.
Apple (AAPL) - Get Report has been in a downtrend the past 12 months. but the bears may have gotten a tighter grip recently. The OBV line is pointed down and looks like selling is more aggressive recently. Prices are below the 50- and 200-day moving averages, gaping below the 50-day last month. So far there is no bullish divergence between the price action and the momentum study. Prices have found support in the $95-to-$90 area so far, but that could give way.
Apple is a holding in Jim Cramer's Action Alerts PLUS portfolio. Cramer and Research Director Jack Mohr wrote in a recent weekly roundup:
"We remain confident in Apple and will continue to hold this name for the long term. Apple isn't simply a hardware company; it is an ecosystem that engenders long-term loyalty and constantly innovates on behalf of its customers. To those who have already written Apple's obituary, we and Tim Cook could not disagree more."

domain: economics


A proposal by Montross Councilman Larry Wheaton was previously perceived as mistrust by the planning commission. Despite Wheaton’s apology and attempts to convince the council there was only a desire to “encourage the Council to assume a leadership role in the approval process of Plans of Development,” the council voted against his proposed code changes.
During the June 27, Montross Town Council meeting, Mayor Joey King asked Wheaton to give a brief description of his proposal sent to the planning commission in April.
Wheaton said, “My proposal was to revise chapter 66 to include the town council as the final approval authority for any planned development.”
Currently town code requires only the planning commission and zoning administrator’s approval for all plans of development. A plan of development is submitted in cases for large developments such as housing complexes, apartments, subdivisions, condo’s or shopping plazas etc.
The only time a plan of development is reviewed by the council in these types of development is when a change of zoning is requested.
Wheaton’s proposal is to change the language of the code to include council review and approval for all plans of development.
The planning commission looked at the proposed changes at their May 16 meeting, where it was discussed and perceived by some members to be a sign of distrust by Wheaton.
Town Manager Patricia Lewis read the recommendation from the planning commission from the May 16 meeting minutes, “Mr. Greene, seconded by Mr. Branson, made a motion that the documentation that the Commission received from Mr. Wheaton would place an unnecessary burden on the Town Council and also would restrict the activities of the Planning Commission that it seeks to serve the citizens of our town and that the Town Code stay in it’s present form. The motion carried. Mr. Reamy opposed.”


There are two aspects to the evident unrest among the Scheduled Castes community in the country. The first is the perception created that the Modi government had failed to protect the interests of its people. The second is the politics that is being played out by the opposition to discredit both the central regime as well as the Bharatiya Janata Party.
The perception has taken root because of a handful of unfortunate incidents, such as that of Una in Gujarat and Bhima Koregaon in Maharashtra. Members of the SC community have had to also face public humiliation over minor things such as taking out a marriage procession in a high-caste dominated locality or even the sporting of a moustache.
In Gujarat, the Dalit community supported in substantial numbers Jignesh Mevani’s drive against the BJP and Prime Minister Modi. Dalit leaders across the country too have been speaking out against the BJP and New Delhi over what they see as rising anger in their community. Indeed, even some Dalit leaders of the BJP as well as its allies have cautioned BJP Governments at the Centre and in the States to quickly address grievances or be prepared to face the consequences.
This perception can be partly met by facts: It is the Modi regime which had strengthened the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act by making provisions for completing investigations within a time-frame. It is also this Government which has initiated schemes such as Mudra and Skill India, giving special emphasis on the empowerment of the Dalit sections of society.
Its Ujjwala scheme of providing free cooking gas to the needy in rural India has also substantially benefitted the Scheduled Castes. It is now for the party and the Government to deploy credible voices, including those of its Dalit leaders, to launch a campaign to dispel the negative impression. The second issue is that of politics. The Congress and the rest of the opposition has been adding fuel to fire by instigating the Scheduled Castes to revolt against the Modi Government and the BJP, and they have even resorted to lies to do so.
Recently Congress president Rahul Gandhi claimed that the Centre was demolishing the SC/ST Act when he was actually referring to a Supreme Court directive that sought to ensure that the law was not wrongly used. The nationwide Dalit protest movement claimed nearly a dozen lives across the country, and led to the destruction of public and private property as the agitation turned violent. These protests were directly or indirectly supported by the opposition parties. So, while there is need to address the genuine grievances of the Dalit community, inflammatory politics can only worsen the cause.


text:
Finally, the fall semester is a soon-to-be-distant memory, with 2010 not far behind. Since I finally have some evenings without homework looming over me (and all my favorite TV shows are on holiday break), blogging is finally back on my radar.
Unfortunately, being on break means I don’t have anything going on and leaves me with a dearth of interesting topics (unless you want to read a bunch of Stargate SG-1 reviews), so I won’t promise timely information. But I can promise that my posts will be profound, in the same way that tautologies are profound. In that spirit, you will either think that my posts are amusing or you’ll find them boring and obtuse, but you’ll mostly find them once a week. (Hint: p ∨ ¬p is a tautology.)
I’ve already come up with some ideas for new posts and even started writing some of them. Here’s a taste of the magical things to come:
- I will name names and be specific about which professors I loved and which I hated. (But not before they’ve posted grades!)
- I’ve got an ever-growing list of reasons to expel SAP from the Earth.
- I accidentally got the password for nearly every database at the University. I’ll tell you how it happened.
Along with political intrigue, code samples, random pictures, and the occasional dip into mania, I have big plans for this blog in 2011. I’ve done the math, and you should expect the number of posts in 2011 to increase over 2010 by ∞%. Coincidentally, this is the same percentage increase in Tea Party-endorsed candidates who won their elections. Therefore, this blog will be as big as the Tea Party. The numbers don’t lie, folks. Strap yourselves in.


text: Highly efficient and cost-effective transformation technologies are essential for studying gene function in the major cereal crops, wheat and barley. Demand for efficient transformation systems to allow over-expression, or RNAi-mediated silencing of target genes, is greatly increasing. This is due to technology advances, such as rapid genome sequencing, enhancing the rate of gene discovery and thus leading to a large number of genes requiring functional analysis through transformation pipelines. Barley can be transformed at very high efficiency but the methods are genotype-dependent. Wheat is more difficult to transform, however, recent advances are also allowing the development of high-throughput transformation systems in wheat. For many gene function studies, barley can be used as a model for wheat due to its highly efficient transformation rates and smaller, less complex genome. An ideal transformation system needs to be extremely efficient, simple to perform, inexpensive, genotype-independent, and give the required expression of the transgene. Considerable progress has been made in enhancing transformation efficiencies, controlling transgene expression and in understanding and manipulating transgene insertion. However, a number of challenges still remain, one of the key ones being the development of genotype-independent transformation systems for wheat and barley.

domain: biology


text:
THE EAR AND PRESSURE
Return to INDEX
There are 3 main parts to the human ear. The outer ear is the part you see including the hole that goes into the head to the ear drum (tympanic membrane). The middle ear starts on the other side of the ear drum and is a hollow space that is about 1/2" in diameter. The inner ear consists of fluids and solids. Since the outer ear is open to the water there is little concern for pressure-related injuries in it. There is no gas in the inner ear usually so the same is true for that. The middle ear is a gas space and is subject to compression and expansion in accord with Boyle's law.
The Outer Ear is labeled. The Middle Ear is the space to the right of the Ear Drum. The Inner Ear is above the Middle Ear.
On one side of the middle ear is the ear drum. It is a flexible membrane. On the other side is a small tube, the eustachian tube, which connects to the throat above where the back of the mouth is. So, there you have it: Go down in the water and the middle ear tries to contract. The ear drum is pushed inward by the high pressure of the water in the outer ear. The discomfort turns to pain as the ear is being damaged. It takes only a difference in pressure between the water and the middle ear of about 60mm to start feeling pain. That is equivalent to about 2 1/2' of water! As the pain increases more damage is done. If the situation does not change the ear drum could rupture allowing cool water to enter the middle ear. That will cool down the inner ear's semicircular canals (Vestibule). They provide you with orientation. The diver may get dizzy and lose the ability to distinguish between going up and down. This is not a pleasant experience underwater!
It is important to keep the pressure inside the middle ear the same as the ambient water pressure! This will prevent ear barotrauma (baro=pressure-related; trauma= injury). It is also known as, "Middle Ear Squeeze." The eustachian tube is the key. Before the diver descends air should be forced up the eustachian tube to open it up and add pressure to the middle ear. It is best to descend feet first (head up). As the diver descends more air should be forced up the eustachian tube and into the middle ear. This may not always be easy because the eustachian is not totally open in the throat. Air has to be gently forced up the tube. That is best done with a valsalva maneuver: Block the nose, lift the head slightly, and GENTLY blow into the nose. With a round bottom mask the nose may be blocked using both thumbs at the bottom. If there is a nose piece, just pinch the nostrils. After the valsalva maneuver is done the ears should feel normal. If they don't stop descending! Go up a little and try the valsalva maneuver again. Do not descend unless the ears clear and they feel normal. When you feel pain, damage is being done! If you feel pain you have gone too deep and should ascend immediately.
The eustachian tube is almost closed where it joins the throat. That is why it is difficult to get air to go into it and then up into the middle ear. If the pressure in the throat gets too great, and the pressure in the middle ear has not been increased the eustachian tube may close completely and not allow any air to enter it. All it takes is a pressure differential of about 90 mm. That is equivalent to 4' of water! That is why it is important to push air into the middle ear before going down even a few feet. But this has to be gentle. Trying too hard to force air into the middle ear may have the same affect as going too deep before trying to "clear the ears." Some divers are so persistent in trying to force air into the middle ear they actually shut down the entrance of the eustachian tube, just as if they went too deep before trying to clear the ears. The valsalva MUST BE GENTLE! If you hear a crackling sound that indicates the eustachian tube has opened but does not allow the passage of air easily. Take your time on the descent.
A Case in Point: A diver did a back roll off a boat in the Caribbean. He had too much weight on his belt and no air in his BC. His descent was rapid and he could not clear his ears. There was a lot of pain in both ears. Finally at about 25' he did a forceful valsalva. Notice in the diagram below the small stirrup bone (center of diagram) is resting against the inner ear's oval window. When the stirrup pushes against the oval window it moves it inward against the fluid of the inner ear. Since we learned fluid is incompressible, the round window bends outward to prevent damage to the inner ear. If a diver descends without equalizing pressure the stirrup will push quite hard against the oval window and the round window will bulge outward. If a Valsalva is attempted the extra pressure could cause the round window to burst outward. In the above diver's case, the greater pressure in the inner ear caused the round window to rupture. Inner ear fluid (perilymph) flowed into the middle ear. The diver was dizzy for years and his orientation was hampered. An inner ear operation was necessary.
The Oval Window is under the Stirrup Bone (D). The Round Window is the dark oval above the E arrow.
Many divers resort to decongestants prior to diving to reduce any mucus covering the eustachian tube, and to shrink the membranes around the tube to open it up. It usually works. However, if the decongestant wears off during the dive it is possible for mucus to build up again. This could lead to a reverse block, which is explained below. It is also not wise to use nasal decongestants day after day.
There are other methods in getting air to go up the eustachian tube. Yawning and swallowing, not so easy to do underwater, and not as successful with most divers as the valsalva is, can stretch the muscles in the throat which will open the end of the eustachian tube allowing high pressure air to enter the middle ear. Chewing gum on an airplane accomplishes the same thing. Holding the nostrils and making the sound of the letter "K" sometimes works.
The Divers Alert Network (1-919-684-9111) has offered the following methods for clearing the ears:
Reverse blocks occur when air gets into a space on the descent but cannot get out on the ascent. The diver suffering from a reverse block after surfacing usually is grimacing, moving their jaw from side to side, and indicating they are experiencing pain in one or both ears. It can happen in the ear, lung, tooth, sinus, and stomach. In the ear it might happen if mucus is in (or forced into) the middle ear. The air might pass freely by the mucus as the diver descends, but when the ascent is underway the mucus could act as a plug. If the diver continues to ascend the ear drum could rupture outward. In this case, prevention would be to not to do a forceful valsalva maneuver on the descent that could send mucus up the eustachian tube. Treatment would be to descend if pain is felt on the way up, and then ascend very slowly to allow the air to escape without pain. Some divers have found that if a valsalva after going back down it sometimes pushes the mucus block aside. All of this is good reason to avoid running low on air in your scuba tank!
The dark circle represents the area where a Reverse Block could occur.
It has been thought an ear plug, similar to those worn by swimmers, could be inserted in the outer ear in order to prevent pressure on the ear drum. This is foolish. As a diver descends with an ear plug it would be forced into the ear by the water pressure. That would be a serious problem! Since the plug would move into the ear the pressure would still increase so the middle ear squeeze would not have been avoided.
On occasion divers experience a lightheaded, dizzy feeling while ascending. It is caused by the ears not decompressing equally. One ear may clear easily as the diver goes up and the other may be partially blocked. This ascent vertigo usually goes away in less than 1 minute after the diver stops ascending or reaches the surface.
In the unlikely event the diver has serious barotrauma to one or both ears it is imperative professional medical advice is obtained in order to prevent possible permanent damage resulting in hearing loss!
Ear infections are one further consideration in diving. For that matter, whenever you get water in your ears there is a chance an infection may occur. The water can be as clean as distilled or from a filthy sewer pipe. It's the water that causes the problem, not the quality of the water.
Water causes the wax in the outer ear to be removed. The more wax, the more water it will take to remove it. If you keep your ears very clean then it does not take too much water to cause an infection. When the wax is removed the pH of the skin will be changed by water contact and it will support bacteria that are just waiting to make you miserable. If the pH becomes too high (alkaline) bacteria will multiply and create the infection known as "Swimmer's Ear." Once this happens it's time to visit the doctor, go on antibiotics, and stay out of diving for at least 2 weeks!
Divers and swimmers MUST prevent Swimmer's Ear. Religiously, it is important to keep the bacteria from gaining hold. There are at least 2 methods to do that. After each day of swimming, diving, showering, etc. either alcohol or acid must be put in the outer ear. Rubbing (Isopropyl) alcohol will do 2 things: Dry out the ear and kill bacteria. Boric acid, or dilute acetic acid (dilute vinegar), will keep the skin acidic and that will prevent the ear from becoming infected. THIS MUST BE DONE AFTER EVERY DAY OF WATER ACTIVITIES! If you do not have either the alcohol or the acetic acid use white wine. It contains both. If an infection begins neither the alcohol or the acids will do anything to stop it unless you follow a regimen that I cannot publish in this on-line book (call me).
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Who is he dating right now?
According to our records, Matthew Knight is possibly single.
Matthew Knight is a 22 year old American Actor. Born on 16th February, 1994 in Los Angeles, California, USA, he is famous for For The Love of a Child in a career that spans 2002–present. His zodiac sign is Aquarius.
Matthew Knight is a member of the following lists: 21st-century Canadian male actors, Young Artist Award winners and Actors from Los Angeles, California.
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December 14, 2017 – High Blood Pressure
Anchor lead: What do changes in high blood pressure guidelines mean for you? Elizabeth Tracey reports
If you have a blood pressure reading where the top number, the systolic number, is over 130, or the lower number, the diastolic number, is above 80, you are now officially in the group of people considered to have high blood pressure, or hypertension. Michael Blaha, a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins, describes the new guidelines.
Blaha: The biggest change in the new blood pressure guidelines is the definition of elevated blood pressure. Whereas in the past you had to have a systolic blood pressure of over 140 or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 to be considered to have elevated blood pressure, now stage one hypertension is considered anyone with two readings separated in time of above 130 systolic and 80 diastolic. This brings millions more American adults into the group who have hypertension. :30
Blaha reiterates that high blood pressure is a known risk factor for strokes and heart attacks, so catching it early is crucial. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

domain: medical


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Paper on "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker
Cross Cultural Literature
The book "Approaching Literature in the 21st Century" by Peter Shackel and Jack Ridl is filled with various themes involving parents and their children. There are three specific stories that focus on mothers and daughters that I will use for this paper. The stories are Daughter of Invention by Julia Alvarez, Everyday Use by Alice Walker and Two Kinds by Amy Tan. These stories are similar in many ways in general, like they all involve a mother who has influenced her daughter’s life or involve a parent and their child. From another perspective though, all three stories are very different in regards to the individual relationships that each mother/daughter pair has. I will try to show how these stories reflect an aspect of living that most can relate to, like mother's and daughter's, and yet also show the difference that comes from each person being created a bit differerent within this interrelatedness. In plain English this would mean, how we are all alike and yet how we are all unique.
In showing similarities with these three stories and their use of the mother/daughter theme, Everyday Use shows us a hard-working African American mother and her two very different daughters, one who is meek and shy and the other who is arrogant and judgmental of her family. The audience knows that the mother loves her daughter’s because of the intimate way that only a mother would know her daughter. The mother speaks of her daughter Dee’s homecoming after being away saying, “I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yesterday afternoon…Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eyeing her sister with a mix of envy and awe.”(p101). Two Kinds, by Amy tan shows us a single child whose Asian American mother had big dreams for her success which ultimately...
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domain: library


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Druzy is the glittering effect of tiny crystals over top a colorful mineral. The druzy quartz gems grow slowly over millions of years and are found as the very last layer of growth on agate or another colorful base.
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The search and bid for job opportunities by potential graduates, job seekers, and students in citadel of learning increases on daily basis, statistical analysis for top search words in most African countries reveals that, job search words tops the table of the search documents on most media chart, in view of this, I have decided to discuss engineering job opportunities that are in high demand in South Africa, yeah – The top 10 highest paying engineering jobs in South Africa.
Job opportunities have grown drastically over the years in South Africa, but notably, the engineering sector is taking a good side in ongoing job opportunities on the working ecosystem.
I shall be discussing top 10 paying job in this sector I.e the engineering sector.
The first on this scale is Civil Engineers.
SA as a country known for planned urban settings and working assiduously on the rural areas to bring about a carefully planned settings, civil engineers thrive well in this environment as planning of the society requires touch of civil engineers, drawing of ultra-modern community, society planning, building of Skyscrapers, more hands is required in making this happen, so the demand for civil engineers is on the increase on daily basis, we have the structural engineers under this niche, Quality and quantity surveyors, architects etc.
the next engineering jobs on the lists of highest paying engineering jobs in South Africa, we shall be discussing is mechanical engineers.
South Africa governments are working on sophisticated industries, more sophisticated mechanical appliances are been shipped to South Africa on daily basis, all these needs the effort of expertise and those in the field of mechanical engineering to keep the use of these machines in circle, with latest developments in urbanization of some rural areas in South Africa, more machines are needed, so South Africa is in needs of mechanical engineers to make this happen and keep the face of the system in place, the demand for mechanical engineers is on the rise on daily basis.
Majorly the use of computer is on the increase ever since 2005, with daily demand of computer rises at the rate of 10% monthly, and rate of computer repairs by nerds increase on monthly basis at 6.5% monthly, consequently the total number of computer engineer in South Africa is figure to be 100 computer to one engineer per day to be able to meet up with computer user demand for repair . so this section of the engineering is getting more attention from the public and more hands are needed to sustain the needs of the users.
engineering jobs in South Africa is demanding more hands in the genetic sector, as South Africa governments are pushing more funds into the medical sector to develop sustaining vaccines for most epidemic disease that broke out, South Africa has little researcher and engineer in Area of genetic engineering, so the demand for genetic engineers is high, and this section is getting more attention from the public, so any job seekers who studied genetic engineering should consider South Africa as one of thriving environment for them.
Another sector which engineers are making waves is the petrol chemical industry.
The transformation agenda of SA government, makes the government concentrate more attention to this area, as crude oil and its derivatives are of high economic importance and values which generates much of the country income, expertise are employed on daily basis into this sector so as to improve and consolidate on existing efforts, petrol chemical engineers are in high demand in South Africa.
Golds as number one commodity that has consistently constitute to the IGR of the country in past years, engineers who mines, purify and make the gold readily available for transport are highly sort after and well pay in South Africa, gold is natural resources fund in South Africa, and golds are in high demand in SA, more hands are needed to make golds available in South Africa.
Industries are located on daily basis, and the structural building is built on a daily basis, electrification of these buildings is paramount, so the need for electrical engineers are in high demand.
As I have said earlier, more structures are raised in South Africa on daily basis to urbanized some rural areas, yet industrialization is growing at alarming rate ditto, as engineers were employed on daily basis to construct industry for most firm, and it requires the effort of expert who study the localization of industry to erect industry in a new area, this has made the hiring of industrial engineers increase in a drastic way.
South Africa is moving from obsolete way of railway system to a modern railway system, as super fast and efficient railways are been imported, most of the old railway needs to be reconstructed which needs effort of railway engineers to put this in place, so most engineers who are into railway are hired and most of those yet to be hire got the chance of been hire as the sector is growing in a geometric progressions.
so far so good, if you are considering working in this area, you need to have a certification in the field of your study, or get a professional certificate from a recognized and certify bodies, years of experience will be a added advantage ditto.
That’s all about the top 10 highest paying engineering jobs in South Africa 2018.
Tags: highest paying engineering jobs in South Africa


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Guide at a Glance
Westcoast Fish Expeditions
Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada
Full Day Salmon/Halibut combo trip
Fishing has always been a passion of mine since I was a young kid fishing bull heads in the tidal pools. Through time my fishing experiences evolved into summer jobs while going to the University of Victoria where I eventually received a degree in Geography and Environmental Studies.
I have been in the sportfishing industry for over 20 years now as a fishing guide. My fish guiding experience ranges up and down the British Columbia coast with several different lodges located in the Queen Charlottes, Knight Inlet and Bamfield area. My fishing resume also includes working as a guide for several winters in the tropics of Costa Rica located in Drake Bay on the pacific coast. My home is located in the small fishing village of Ucluelet, located on the westcoast of Vancouver Island, where I run my fishing charter company. WestCoast Fish Expeditions has been operating as a professional independent charter company in the Ucluelet and Barkley Sound area for over 18 years. During this time I have gained extensive knowledge of both inshore and offshore fisheries.
I skipper a 24 foot Grady White Offshore known as Westcoast Fish 1, which has been extensively customized to suit the fishing style and environment on the westcoast of Vancouver Island…come join me. – Matt Oly Olcen

domain: geography


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