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Let’s post pics of our pads!
Here I’ll post some of mine.
Ooh, good idea. I haven’t moved in yet, but I’ll post pics when I do.
Nice room Sin, I really like it. Wish I had a digital camera…
Hey Sin, Someone Nicked your TV!! /jk
Nice place, I so am going to find a Yuna/Lenne Poster for my Room. I ask Ms Everquest across the road. (FF11: Sky/ EQ: ??? (How do the hell do i know but she got Everquest stuff around her house)) I willblag FF7:AC/DC and FF12 Promo from the Local stores for my room.
Does any one Does Sheena and Raine Plushies? (Yep, I saw that Slime!)
Cool. Where is it located and how much is the rent, Sin?
I only took pics of one of my previous apartments, but SADLY, I seem to have lost them.
Its mine. Its located at the junction between downtown and the old port in Montreal.
Nice, thats a cool place you got there sin. I kinda wanna house, but thats not till i get someone to help me…cough my wife cough. But i still got a while till that day comes.
I’ll take some pics soon, but I need to get some posters mailed out here first so it doesn’t look like I live a completely sterile existence.
I did something like this in my livejournal a few months ago-
Sweet, lol. Thats cool, I wish i had that apartment. Nice place there Devil.
You should post a picture of the crabitat, especially. And then of what suspiciously looks like pokemon and neopets plushies on your bed. <.<
I see a Vivi, a Slime, a Something I Don’t Recognize, and a TONBERRY!!!111 jealousy
Dragon Tear rocks!
Awwww. <3 gives merl…uh… cookies!
But yes. Yes I do. I demand the CH- line to be changed into that in the next newsletter! <.< ::dekar!:: Dekar!
On the back of my bed I have a tonberry, a vivi, a blue slime and a metal babble. I also have an oglop and a little Princess Garnet somewhere along with various random plushies like my fat anteater.
I’m a <b>MAN</b>, so I gots none of dem damn plushies.
guzzles beer while watching “Blue Collar” TV
Err… I could do my room I suppose. I think I have pictures somewhere.
I took out incriminating stuff:
You know, I was curious about the black square in the second pic, but after seeing the third one I think I have a pretty good idea of what was editted out. :mwahaha:
Also, yay clutter! Clutter rocks!
I can probably post pics soon once I snare a digital camera from someone. It may be Monday or Tuesday before I can though.


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Here’s The Official video of SperoachBeat’s new single “Constantly” featuring Mayorkun & Peruzzi… Enjoy!!!
DMW/30BG in house producer, SperoachBeatz drops his debut single titled “Constantly“, he employed the services of the label’s melody machines, Mayorkun and Peruzzi to deliver this Afropop – Amapiano tune.
Speroach is an Award winning producer who started producing professionally in the year 2013. He met with Peruzzi and become his personal producer. When Peruzzi signed a record deal with Davido Music Worldwide (DMW), Speroach Beatz became affiliated with the label too. He came to limelight in 2018 after producing the song ‘Amaka‘ by 2Baba (which featured Peruzzi). The song trended for several months and topped different music charts in Nigeria and outside. He followed this up with another hit song, Assurance by Davido. This song was also released in 2018 and Since that moment he has grown into one of the highly paid music producers in Nigeria and Africa.
Sister Bella Bella
Yes I wanna under your umbrella
Nack you wella wella wella
Na me dey give you constantly
U no Dey call me normally
But for your matter I craze…
‘Constantly‘ is a perfect blend of Afropop and the South Africa’s Amapiano sound with smooth and catchy melody.
Mixed and Mastered: STG
Video Director: TG Omori
Watch and Enjoy the visuals below

domain: artistic


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Women's Day 2022
Thank you to our wonderful Women's Day 2022 Committee;
Rev. Barbara Groover, Sisters Sheila Marshall-Jackson and Crystal Lee Daley.
We are grateful for all of the workshop facilitators, bible study leaders, praise team, tech team,
our Women's Day preacher and wonderful women who joined us during the month of March. Stay tuned for future events.
Expect to be
Expect to find
wonder-filled young adults
Watch Charles Street's 2021 Annual Report.
2022 Lenten Journal is now available!
Charles Street's Annual Lenten Journal is now available for download. This season's journal features reflections from Charles Street members and friends, hymns, poems and special Resurrection Sunday message from Pastor Groover!

domain: literature


(from letter to local press June 2018)
As an architect working in the residential sector over the last 30 years I have seen the argument for “high density” used to justify some very destructive redevelopments. At first the justifications seem compelling – we need homes, more people could support more shops and (in theory) other facilities, we use less green land, and “we can provide more affordable housing” (as Urbis are arguing in Bristol).
But in practice these arguments have been used falsely, to justify greed. High rise developments where common areas are mean, amenity space is minimal, and connection to the ground or neighbours limited, have become the new norm. Either expensive, aimed at childless people working long hours or out a lot, or if “affordable”, very unsuited to people with children and ordinary jobs and family networks. Not a “forever home”, for sure. And the biggest con is using the need for affordable housing as an excuse to cram.
The cost of land is linked to what you think you will be able to squeeze on to it.
If we had properly enforced standards about the quality of new homes and the impact on the neighbourhood then densities would generally be limited, and if the amount of affordable housing was also enforced then landowners would have to sell at a price that works for such developments. Better still would be democratic or community ownership of land.
But right now it’s the wild west – if I own a plot I wait till someone gets planning permission for the tallest, meanest scheme they can market, and sell the land to them.
We should not be conned into allowing unaffordable anti-social housing to use up valuable land in our community, which could provide better.


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Kansas Relays recap featuring Southland area athletes on the Missouri side.
High school news and notes on Summit Christian girls soccer, Eastern Jackson County baseball and statewide basketball awards.
News and notes from the 816 high school sports scene.
Here are 816 area storylines to watch this week at the Kansas Relays.
Titans down Park Hill 10-0 on Monday, improve record to 10-3.
Drew Lock of Lee’s Summit High School, a football and basketball standout, is scheduled to make his college decision on Wednesday.
Elite high school boys basketball players are honored on recently released All-Suburban Conference squads.
Elite high school girls basketball players are honored on recently released All-Suburban Conference squads.
Lee’s Summit West places third in Missouri Class 5 high school boys basketball state tournament.
Lee’s Summit North places second in Missouri Class 5 high school girls basketball state tournament.
Fans can watch the thrills and spills of rugby competition at upcoming matches at Sporting Kansas City Training Facility at Swope Park.
The Lee’s Summit West boys basketball team advances to Missouri Class 5 state tournament this week in Columbia.
The Lee’s Summit North girls basketball team advances to Missouri Class 5 state tournament this week in Columbia.
Southland high school boys basketball teams advance in playoffs.
Southland high school girls basketball teams advance in playoffs.
Southland area wrestlers fared well last weekend at Missouri wrestling state tournament.
Southland area girls swimmers and divers fared well last weekend at Missouri girls swimming and diving state meet.
Here is a look at the regular season’s stretch run in the Suburban Conference girls basketball races.
The Oak Grove High School Panthers headed to the Missouri Class 2 state wrestling championships last season expecting a dogfight for first place.
Here’s a breakdown of the stretch run of the Suburban Conference’s boys basketball season.
It would be easy for Lee’s Summit North High School sophomore Haley Hynes to say she will simply shrug off the pressure that comes along with swimming in the Missouri State High School Activities Association Swimming and Diving Championships Feb. 21-22 in St. Peters, Mo. After all, she won two events there last season, capping a remarkable first year of high school swimming.
It’s been a historic season for the Lee’s Summit High School wrestling team. It’s been an equally unexpected one.
Blue Springs South is in the thick of a race for a girls basketball conference championship. Such opportunities haven’t come around too often.
When Grandview High School coach Shannon Moore told his friends, colleagues, coaching peers — whoever would listen — that his girls basketball team had potential for a special season, he didn’t get many agreeable responses. And why would he?
Blue Springs High School seniors Daniel Lewis and Michael Pixley have lost a combined one wrestling match in the last two seasons. Both are defending Missouri Class 4 state championships this season.

domain: sports


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Someday the Takata problem will go away. Today is not that day. Land Rover is recalling more than 36,500 vehicles as part of a Takata airbag recall expansion of 3.3 million airbag inflators at risk of exploding when they deploy, even in a minor crash.
More than 8,700 Range Rover SUVs from the 2012 model year are being recalled to replace their passenger-side frontal airbag inflators. The recall is spread out over multiple "zones" which may affect your eligibility.
The Range Rover is part of a recall of 54,340 Land Rover and Jaguar vehicles with dagerous Takata airbags. The recall includes about 54,340 sports sedans and SUVs that need the passenger-side airbag inflators replaced. The metal inflators are at risk of exploding because of problems with the explosive chemical ammonium nitrate.

domain: law


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Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle
- Notting Hill 300 piece jigsaw puzzle
- A3 in size
- Hand printed by myself
- Comes supplied in a cute metal tin and with an A4 print
- Fabulous gift
Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle.
**Please note this product is not a toy. This jigsaw puzzle contains small pieces that would be hazardous if swallowed.**
Notting Hill Map Jigsaw Puzzle.
My 45th map and fifth map of 2023, step into the whimsical world of Notting Hill with my captivating Notting Hill Map Jigsaw Puzzle! Whether you’re a seasoned local or a curious traveler, this Notting Hill Map Jigsaw Puzzle will transport you to the heart of one of London’s most vibrant and charming neighborhoods.
Crafted with meticulous attention to detail, this Notting Hill Map Jigsaw Puzzle showcases the diverse and captivating culture that makes Notting Hill truly unique. From the stunning architecture to Portobello Road market, the famous bookstore from the film Notting Hill, this is an amazing part of London in which I’m fortunate to do a lot of work.
Whether you’re planning a road trip, reminiscing about past adventures, or simply looking to add a touch of Notting Hill and London charm to your living space, this Notting Hill Map Jigsaw Puzzle is the perfect choice. Hang it in your living room, office, or classroom to spark conversations and inspire wanderlust. Order yours today and let the spirit of Notting Hill grace your walls.
This Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle is 28x40cm in size and contains 300 pieces. Crafted with precision and quality, my Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle is made from durable materials to ensure longevity and ease of use. Each piece is precisely cut to fit together seamlessly, creating a satisfying and engaging puzzle-solving experience. Whether you’re a seasoned puzzle enthusiast or a beginner, this puzzle offers just the right level of challenge to keep you entertained.
With its large size and vibrant colours, this puzzle is not only a delightful activity but also a remarkable piece of art. Once completed, it can be proudly displayed as a unique wall decoration, showcasing your love for Notting Hill. Hang it in your living room, office, or even a trendy cafe to add a touch of sophistication and intrigue to any space.
This Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle comes supplied in a cute metal tin.
DESIGNED AND MADE IN THE UK BY MYSELF
This Notting Hill Jigsaw Puzzle has been designed and made by myself. There has been no outsourcing, no printing in a foreign country whatsoever. This ensures this product is of the highest quality but also dramatically drops any carbon emissions. I aim to keep everything as green as possible.
Please note this product might have slightly different colours from what you see on your screen due to colour calibration on your monitor or device. We photograph every product we sell and they are edited on a colour-calibrated monitor.
For more technical information about my products, please click here.
ABOUT LIV WAN ILLUSTRATION
I love creating fun, colourful products that will make people smile. I make posters, postcards, jigsaws, and mugs and as of mid-2020, I’ve invested in a lot more equipment so I’m now able to hand print almost all of my products myself.
For more information about shipping, my policies, and processing information, please visit the FAQ page on this website here.


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Climate Ride California Raises Over $275,000
(3BL Media / theCSRfeed) October 14, 2011 - Climate Ride California, a 5-day “green conference on wheels” raised over $275,000 for organizations committed to helping the planet. Climate Counts had four cyclists represented on the ride and was one of more than 30 beneficiaries. Other organizations benefiting from the event included 350.org, Natural Resources Defense Council and the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition along with other groups focused on clean energy, climate education and cycling advocacy.
Climate Ride is in its fourth year, but this was the first year that participants could choose to direct their fundraising to a specific organization. There were 124 bicyclists who participated in the event, with cyclists covering over 300 miles through northern California –beginning in Eureka and ending at City Hall in San Francisco on October 6th.
If you’re interested in reading more about the riders and beneficiary organizations, check out the Climate Ride blog: http://www.climateridelive.org/
Want to do your part for the planet? Download our free iPhone App today to make on-the-go climate smart purchasing easier by tracking which companies are taking action. Sign up for our newsletter to learn more about the campaigns we’re working on!
Cheers to the all the Climate Riders who participated.
Job well done.

domain: news


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• 1 kg Mutton (chest pieces)
• 3 ladles of mustard Oil.
• 2 table spoons saunth powder (fennel powder).
• 1 table spoon zeera (cumin).
• 2 tej patte (bay leaves).
• ½ Tea spoon hing (asafetida).
• 5 half crushed laung (Cloves).
• 3 moti elaichi (black Cardamom).
• 1 inch dalcheeni (Cinnamon).
• 1 kg whipped curd.
• 1 spoon desi Ghee (pure Ghee).
Mutton Yakhni With Curd Method / Tarika:
1. Wash the mutton and drain off excess water.
2. Heat two ladles of oil in a pressure cooker, put the mutton in it, add salt and hing, start frying for five minutes on full flame.
3. Put ½ glass water, add saunf powder, crushed moti elaichi, dalchini, bay leaves and pressure cook it up to 3 whistles.
4. Take a frying pan, put one ladle oil and heat it till smoke appears, cool it for three minutes and put zeera and laung in it.
5. Keep it on a low flame and stir for one minute, add the curd and keep it on full flame, stir continuously so that it will not curdle till it boils.
6. Add this boiling curd and pure ghee in the mutton and keep it on low flame for five minutes.
7. Serve it with hot white boiled rice.

domain: food


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Coupons, Discounts, and Offers
Nestled in the heart of Northern Ontario, Star Lake shines. We are a non profit cottage association and would love to share some of our world with you. Star Lake Cottage is located approximately 30 km west of the City of Timmins. Rental for a week is $650 plus a $200 refundable damage/loss deposit. Day rentals cost $125 with a minimum of three days.
The cottage is non-smoking with two bedrooms. The bedrooms consist of a double bed, double bed with bunk above and a double bed pull out couch. It's perfect for a family getaway.
Amenities include airtight wood stove, electric appliances, wood cook stove, four piece bath including bed and bath linens, satellite TV and Bell cell phone service. Outside the cottage included 2 decks, screened gazebo, BBQ, sauna, fire pit, dock, diving platform, kayak and canoe with life jackets and paddles. Firewood and propane are provided. A boat can be launched a short distance up the road and can be tied off at the dock in front of the cottage.
The great outdoors hosts many opportunities to enjoy. Nickie's Nature trail is a beautiful interpretive trail system on the lake with circle routes of different lengths. The lake offers wonderful scenery for canoeing and kayaking as well as swimming and fishing.

domain: travel


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Good afternoon Guest. It's 21 May 2013, 12:02 pm!
Nigeria News, politics, current affairs, events, history, Africa and worldwide, and discussions
[This Day]A combination of conscious efforts on the part of money deposit banks to shut the door against potentially toxic loans and a regime of close supervision from the Central Bank of Nigeria is set to rid banks of the burden of non-performing loans in 2012, reports Festus Akanbi
1 post >> Page 1 of 1

domain: finance


text: Originally posted at Romance Around the CornerSource: a review copy was provided by the author and publisher through NetGalley.The first Julie James book I read was Practice Makes Perfect, and that experience was as close to love at first sight as it gets. Ever since then, I’ve been a fan of Ms. James’ books, and each new release has been anxiously awaited. There have been some bumps in the road, but I continue to thoroughly enjoy her books.Brooke Parker is the general counsel of a company that owns restaurants. U.S. Assistant Attorney Cade Morgan wants to use one of those restaurants to catch a dirty politician. He asks for her help, they catch the guy and they start a relationship. Sounds like I just spoiled the whole thing, right? Wrong! The catching of the bad guy is nothing but an elaborate meet-cute. Despite what the blurb says, this book is a straight Contemporary Romance, and there’s really no suspense subplot. Something I really appreciated.Love Irresistibly is the story of two people whose professional lives are highly successful, yet suddenly find themselves at a bit of a crossroads. And when unusual circumstanced bring them together, the relationship they develop force them to take a look at what they want, their future and maybe even realize that dreams and priorities can change.The book is also about family -- the one you get, the one you make with friends and lovers, and the one that unexpectedly shows up out of nowhere. And as I said before, it’s about growing up and adapting old dreams to new circumstances.I really liked Brooke and Cade, both individually and as a romantic couple. There was a lot of chemistry between them and tons of the fun banter usual in Ms. James’ books. But what I liked the most about them was that they truly respected and admired each other. These are powerful characters that are self-assured and comfortable in their own skins, and the dynamic of their relationship was that of equals and never a power struggle. This is why the ending feels like new take on a trite resolution that tends to make most readers --myself included-- quite mad. But Ms. James manages to pull it off by the sheer confidence her heroine exudes.Is this a 5-star read? No. I liked everything about it, and it’s one of the best books in the series, but the stories are getting formulaic. They certainly work, and I have tons of fun reading them. But these novels are a clear comfort zone, and what originally made Julie James one of the most refreshing voices in Contemporary Romance, becomes more familiar and old with each book. Lover Irresistibly deviated a bit from the norm, but is that enough to stop the books from blending in together? We’ll have to wait for the next book to find out.Criticisms aside, I highly recommend this book, as well as everything else Ms. James has written.


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My Little Pony Christmas Coloring Sheets
What an awesome party.
My little pony christmas coloring sheets. My daughter who was turning 4 wanted to have a my little pony birthday party. I gave my daughter a my little pony birthday party for 25 kids back in the mid 80s when they first came out. About islamic coloring pages. If we talk about islamic coloring pages we need to look back at islamic art first.
I got her and all of the little girls one of these so they could create their own pony and then take it home with them. Select from 30918 printable crafts of cartoons nature animals bible and many more. Friendship is magic is a canadian american childrens animated fantasy television series created by lauren faust for hasbro. Select from 30975 printable crafts of cartoons nature animals bible and many more.
My little pony sweetie belle coloring page from my little pony category. Hello kitty christmas coloring page from hello kitty category. The series is based on hasbros my little pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors as the fourth generation g4 of the franchise. Find out free tv series coloring pages to print or color online on hellokids.
Wish i would have had all the resources available now and your guiding hand. Outer space coloring mural. You can find so many unique cute and complicated pictures for children of all ages as well as many great pictures designed with adults in mind. Tv series coloring pages.
- Trump Coloring Russian Flag
- Car Coloring Pages For Adults
- Cute Baby Horse Coloring Pages
- Halloween Haunted House Coloring Pages
- Coloring Pages Printable Animals
- Bumblebee Transformers Coloring Pages Online
- Beautiful Coloring Pages Printable
- Free Coloring Pages For Girls To Print
- Butterfly Coloring Pages Free Printable
- Disney Princess Coloring Pages Pdf

domain: entertainment


text:
Are they real? How do they work? After all, when you think about it, E. In exchange, Christian is asking Ana to be his submissive for two days out of every week. Submissiveness in this context means Ana would cater to Christian's every whim without question.
Romanticizing unhealthy relationship behavior is dangerous because anyone watching the films could be misled to believe that these behaviors are normal in a relationship. The newest Fifty Shades film continues the unconventional relationship of the successful business magnate Christian Grey and the young Anastasia Steele.
Then there's Drag the River from Colorado, and they're really good guys. That was a good match. Wakarusa is going to be like a reunion for you. North Mississippi Allstars are friends of yours. You've played with Drive-by Truckers and Slobberbone.
From the album, five singles were released, reaching the top of the lists: Melody released the soundtrack of the telenovela Lazos de Amor with good sales and good airplay through Latin America and the United States. Apart from this participation, she made two more special appearances, in the album Boleros: Por amor y desamor and a duet with Mijares on the live album El Encuentrowhich received high rotation on radio in U. Skin of Angel and after a pause of almost 3 years without releasing any studio album, in this album she is with an interpretive force that subdues a privileged voice that runs at will.
InLucero married the singer Manuel Mijares. They had two children.


It is a year which has gone down in history as being infamous for its disaster and drama.
But 1987 is being celebrated in Somerset for a different reason this week.
Twenty-five years ago tomorrow (October 19), John and Elaine Foreman and Elaine's brother John Sharman took over at the Ring O'Bells pub in Ashcott, near Street. And a quarter-of-a-century later the trio will celebrate their milestone with a party that harks back to their first days with the first drinks at the party being charged at 1987 prices.
John Foreman explained that when they took over few people expected them to stay very long.
"In the two years before we bought the pub there had been four different owners here," he said.
"So I don't think people really expected us to stay that long, but we liked it, we like the people who come in here and we made Ashcott our home."
The three moved in just a few days after southern Britain had been battered by the worst storm in living memory which left BBC meteorologist Michael Fish red-faced after he claimed there was no hurricane to worry about. Eighteen people were killed.
It was also the year of the Zeebrugge ferry disaster, the Kings Cross Fire, the Enniskillen bombing and the Hungerford shootings.
Margaret Thatcher won her third term as Prime Minister in 1987, Timothy Dalton put in his first turn as James Bond and the songs Never Gonna Give You Up and I Should Be So Lucky made pop stars of Rick Astley and Kylie Minogue. A gallon of petrol cost less than £2 and a three bedroom house in Ashcott could be snapped up for £45,000.
The 1987-price drinks will be served when the 25th anniversary party, complete with brass band, begins at 7.30pm tomorrow night.


The global lithium-ion battery market is expected to grow at a noteworthy CAGR of over 18.9% over the forecast period 2022 to 2030. The lithium-ion batteries market has been predicted to see tremendous growth as a result of the recent upsurge in popularity of electric cars, in addition to continuing to rise exponentially due to the increased demand for electronic items like laptops, tablets, and smartwatches.
Compared to other battery chemistries, lithium batteries are unique because of their high energy density and cheap cost per cycle. But the word "lithium battery" is vague. There are around six popular lithium battery chemistries, each with specific benefits and drawbacks. Lithium Iron Phosphate is the most common chemical for uses in renewable energy (LiFePO4). Excellent thermal stability, high current ratings, a long cycle life, and abuse tolerance all contribute to the chemistry's high level of safety.
When compared to practically all other lithium chemistries, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is one of the most stable lithium compounds. A naturally safe cathode material is used to build the battery (iron phosphate). Iron phosphate, as compared to other lithium chemistries, encourages a strong molecular connection that can tolerate extremely high charging temperatures, extend cycle life, and retain chemical integrity across several cycles. These batteries' excellent temperature stability, lengthy cycle life, and abuse tolerance are all due to this. When exposed to intense misuse or extreme weather conditions, LiFePO4 batteries do not overheat or burn because they are not prone to "thermal runaway" or overheating. In contrast to other battery chemistries like flooded lead acid, lithium batteries don't release harmful gases like oxygen and hydrogen. Additionally, exposure to caustic electrolytes like sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide poses little risk. Most of the time, these batteries are safe to keep in restricted spaces.
According to Precedence Research, the global lithium-ion battery market size was valued at US$ 58.61 billion in 2021 and is projected to hit around US$ 278.27 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 18.9% from 2022 to 2030.
Lithium-ion battery sales are expanding quickly. The annual installed lithium-ion battery capacity has risen by 500% since 2010. Lithium-ion batteries are currently utilised to power anything from lawn mowers to ferries, although they were mostly employed in consumer gadgets during the 1990s and the early 2000s. The automotive industry, where battery technology advancements have accelerated the fast adoption of electric automobiles and buses, has seen the largest rise. According to numerous estimates, the total number of electric automobiles on the road now exceeds 4 million2 and that number is expected to rise to 20% by 2025. The lithium-ion battery is being employed for uses other than electric cars, such as backup power for telecom base stations and data centres, or to run electric forklifts, scooters, and cycles.
The demand for solutions to deal with batteries after they reach the end of their useful lives is growing as more batteries are put on the market. Despite not being as harmful as lead-acid or nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries do contain substances that should not be released into the environment.
Get more details of report@ https://www.precedenceresearch.com/sample/1623
EV will propel the growth of Lithium-ion battery
The market for lithium-ion batteries has been predicted to see tremendous growth as a result of the recent upsurge in popularity of electric cars, in addition to continuing to rise exponentially due to the increased demand for electronic items like laptops, tablets, and smartwatches. The market for lithium-ion batteries has been expanding at an unheard-of rate in recent years thanks to the electric vehicle trend, with more EVs predicted to be on the road by 2040 than those powered by fossil fuels.
It is obvious that lithium-ion batteries are not new and have been mass manufactured since the early 1990s because of their extensive and intricate value chain. However, the EV application has caused this business to develop into a stand-alone sector with great development within the context of battery cells According to the International Energy Agency, government regulations will continue to be the major driver of EV adoption, and by 2030, the number of EVs is expected to reach 125 million. The aforementioned statistics strongly supports the claim that lithium-ion batteries will continue to be the preferred technology throughout the next years. As a result of pressure to combat climate change, growing energy demand, and worries about energy security, electric cars have come back into fashion as an alternative mode of transportation. As it determines the price, range, and safety of these cars, the battery component will be crucial to their acceptance. For the first time, electric vehicles may be able to compete with their gasoline equivalents because to advancements in lithium-ion battery technology. Numerous obstacles still exist, with cost ranking as the most significant. There are three key goals for this thesis. The first step is to outline the development of the lithium-ion battery market up to this point. The United States and Europe were the first regions to develop lithium-ion battery technology.
In August 2022, Honda Motor Co. and LG Energy Solution have established a joint venture (JV) business that would manufacture lithium-ion batteries in the United States for use in Honda and Acura electric vehicle models sold in North America. A new joint venture facility will be built in the US with investments of US $4.4 billion (Rs 35,173 crore) from the two businesses. The project intends to have a production capacity of about 40GWh per year. Honda and LGES are betting that increasing local EV manufacturing and securing a timely battery supply would give them in the greatest possible position to compete in the North American EV market, which is rising quickly. The new Joint Venture operation will provide its pouch-type batteries solely to Honda locations in North America. The two businesses hope to start building the joint venture factory in early 2023 in order to commence mass production of advanced lithium-ion battery cells by the end of 2025, while the exact site has not yet been determined based on Honda's ambitions for EV manufacturing in North America.
The United States & China lead the way for Lithium Ion Battery
In current civilization, lithium-ion batteries are everywhere. Electric vehicles (EVs) account for the majority of the demand today and in the future, but lithium-ion batteries are also widely used in consumer devices, vital defence applications, and stationary energy storage for the electric grid. Electric hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and all EVs supported 198,000 U.S. workers in 2016, and 242,700 U.S. employees by 2019. This rise in employment related with EVs has already been established, according to the US Department of Energy. Both as a component of the transition to a clean energy economy and as a crucial component of the automobile industry's competitiveness, battery development and manufacture are strategically significant for the United States. In actuality, the sale and maintenance of automobiles contribute $1.1 trillion annually to the economy. According to estimates from the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, the automotive sector supports 5% of all U.S. jobs and accounts for around 10 million of the country's direct workers. 8 The greatest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States, transportation produces roughly 28% of all GHG emissions. By electrifying the transportation sector, we can reduce carbon emissions, combat climate change, and create a clean-energy economy that benefits all communities equally and fairly.
The US has to act quickly because building a competitive and sustainable battery manufacturing business will be extremely difficult. Similar to China's "Made in China 2025" strategy, which was unveiled in May 2015, and the European Union's "Strategic Action Plan on Batteries," which was unveiled in May 2018, other nations have developed vertical battery manufacturing supply chains that are supported by their own national strategies. China and other countries stand to acquire a first-mover pricing advantage as they increase production capacity due to economies of scale, process learning, and control of crucial inputs, which will affect the competitiveness of U.S. business. Costs for lithium-ion batteries have dropped by about 90% since 2010, and the market seems to be at a turning point. This technology is upending the world's transportation sectors and has the potential to change international businesses in the next decades. According to projections, China's lithium cell production capacity will reach 1,811 GWh in 202515, which would enable cost-competitive EV production up to the equivalent of one-fourth of the world's passenger EV sales in 2020.
The US Defense Department (DoD) needs dependable, secure, and sophisticated energy storage technologies in addition to the economic necessity for a competitive EV and advanced battery sector to support crucial activities carried out by joint forces, contingency bases, and at military locations. The Department is moving toward more dispersed, austere, and autonomous operational concepts that are executed by platforms and installations with rising power needs in response to an increase in kinetic and non-kinetic threats. To sustain mobile troops using power-hungry propulsion, communications, sensors, and weapons, DoD favours domestically generated, high-density energy storage. But because weapons system batteries are special and make up a small portion of the wider commercial market for advanced batteries, the DoD supply chain faces difficulties.
Rise in investments towards Lithium-Ion Battery Production across the globe
Since their introduction 30 years ago, lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries have been utilised in a wide variety of goods, from early portable gadgets to presently powering vehicles and buses. These batteries are also growing in demand for use in energy storage applications and frequently used in conjunction with the production of renewable energy. According to recent projections by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the world's total energy storage capacity is expected to reach 2,857 GWh by 2040, a significant increase from the current capacity of 545 MWh, as a result of the continued decline in battery prices and the global trend toward energy grids powered by renewable energy sources.
The second factor influencing the increase in LIB capacity and regional diversification has been battery-to-raw material integration. Cooperation among nations is the only practical route to ensuring the security of the LIB supply in North America. According to the USMCA, taxes are only waived for light-duty electric cars whose traction battery and component value are created locally in at least 75% of cases. The framework is intended to be used by the North American battery value chain. Canadian PEV production capacity is being sought after by GM, Ford, and Stellantis. There are also proposals for 130 GWh of capacity, which will enable Canada to start producing LIBs in 2023. In the battery midstream, Electra Battery Materials Corp., based in Toronto, plans to start producing battery cobalt in December, while both BASF SE and a joint venture between GM and Posco Chemical Co. Ltd. intend to develop precursor and cathode facilities in Quebec. The United States is turning to Canada for upstream resources since the country is home to activities for nickel, cobalt, and lithium and has a history of producing lithium. There are still obstacles in the way of cooperation. U.S. tax credit ideas for locally produced PEVs and batteries were challenged by Canada and Mexico under the USMCA because they would benefit American manufacture and undercut efforts to establish a regional supply chain.
An example of a resource-rich nation integrating downstream into batteries is Indonesia. The second export embargo on nickel ore, which began in 2020, has encouraged the government to increase its capacity for processing nickel and cobalt. Geographically, Indonesia is located directly between Australia and China along the busiest shipping route for lithium. By 2024, LG Energy Solutions expects to have 10 GWh of battery capacity, which is the largest objective in the nation.
In Asia Pacific, the US-based start-up Power Global would invest around USD 25 million (about Rs 185 crore) over the next two to three years to establish a lithium-ion battery manufacturing facility and battery swapping infrastructure in India. The business, which is constructing a battery factory with a gigawatt-hour capacity in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, also plans to convert some 8 lakh existing conventional three-wheelers in India to electric models. It will use the batteries from these modified cars, which would be available for exchange via a subscription model. Exide Industries stated in March 2022 that it will invest over Rs 6000 crore on a cutting-edge lithium-ion cell manufacturing facility in Karnataka. Following a meeting between the chief minister Basavaraj Bommai and the battery manufacturer's managing director Subir Chakraborty, a statement was made. The project is anticipated to increase employment by 1400. One of India's largest giga plants has been planned by the battery manufacturer for cutting-edge cell chemistry technologies. The company is looking for 80 acres of land in the Haraluru industrial area, which is close to the international airport in Bengaluru.
Future prospects for the Lithium-Ion Battery industry
Although portable electronic devices have historically been the biggest market for Li-ion batteries, the need for LIBs in the transportation sector is also significantly increasing. It could not be long before the majority or all road traffic is electric, fueled by LIBs of course, as electric vehicles are on a path to rival conventional automobiles in terms of cost and range. An EV can typically go 360-450 kilometres on a single charge nowadays. Energy density will grow, increasing the autonomy of the automobile and making EVs more practical.
Aerospace applications, including as satellites and drones, are likewise affected by LIBs in the transportation sector. A fully electric aircraft prototype being developed by the Israeli company Aviation will be able to carry nine people for up to about 1 000km at 3 000m and 440km/h and be powered entirely by batteries. Electric aeroplanes have the potential to provide emission-free air travel, much like EVs. Electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft used for urban package delivery and air transportation for up to four people represent a short-term emerging market. According to IATF Estimates, By 2025, the market for eVTOL aircraft is anticipated to be worth between $162 million and $1 billion worldwide. The all-electric or hybrid electric commuter aircraft with a capacity of around 10 people is predicted to be the next aviation industry segment. Following the arrival of the first 50- to 70-seat hybrid electric aircraft, which is anticipated for 2028, there are significant potential for worldwide development in the market for regional hybrid electric aircraft. Electric aeroplane propulsion may be possible thanks to modern lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy and power density. The initial commercial introduction of eVTOL aircraft may be possible with current and in-development lithium-ion batteries; however, significant advancements in lithium-ion battery technologies will be necessary for the market expansion of commercial electric aircraft to multiple classes of aircraft, such as large regional and single-aisle 737-class aircraft. Next-generation high specific energy battery technologies, which may not yet match the calendar life and durability criteria for automotive applications, have the potential to be early adopters in the aviation industry. A faster commercialization of next-generation battery technologies is possible because to the early acceptance of improved battery technologies in the electric aircraft sector.
By fueling our homes and cars with renewable energy, LIBs will also be crucial in the fight against climate change. Environmental variables affect renewable energy. Both solar energy and low wind conditions prevent turbines from producing electricity. Researchers are currently competing to develop the best and most economical way to store that energy in order to make it cost-competitive with fossil-fueled plants.
Countries all around the globe are committing to battery power as part of their carbon-neutrality goals, despite the fact that the rising usage of lithium-ion batteries clearly poses a harm to the environment and is not a sustainable alternative for the generation of energy from fossil fuels. Batteries have been a focal point of President Joe Biden's carbon-neutral plans, with the aim that greater domestic production will also aid in job creation and lowering unemployment rates. Despite the serious environmental issues they raise, lithium-ion batteries are the most popular battery technology in use today, and usage is only expected to rise. Lithium-ion batteries are used in the majority of the electric vehicles currently being built, with Tesla being one of their biggest users.
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SnapTrack Awarded Additional Key Patents for Enhanced GPS
Cell phone/GPS Integration Patents Solidify Company’s Lead in Wireless Location Technology Market
SnapTrack announced today the award of two major patents covering key aspects of its Enhanced Global Positioning System technology that enable the company to provide new layers of sophistication for its wireless location products. SnapTrack has pioneered a powerful client/server Enhanced GPS technology known as Wireless Assisted GPS™ that uses the U.S. Government’s Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites to locate wireless phones and other wireless devices with high precision for emergency purposes and for commercial location-based services.
The new patents cover inventions that will enhance the coverage and integrity of SnapTrack-enabled devices, allowing accurate position determination in a wider range of difficult calling environments, and permit manufacturers to simplify device design by tightly integrating GPS and cell phone functions within the phone’s microprocessor.
“Already the world’s most accurate wireless location system, these new
patent awards demonstrate SnapTrack’s commitment to pushing the envelope and
continuing to provide our partners and licensees with leading-edge wireless
location capability,” said Steve Poizner, president and CEO of SnapTrack.
“Our system will not only help carriers meet the stringent demands of the
FCC’s E9-1-1 mandate, but enable the design of cell phones, pagers, and PDAs
that can provide users with a host of new mobile location services and
e-commerce applications -- like personal direction finding and mobile yellow
pages. For example, with a location-enabled phone or PDA you could not only
search for and find the nearest restaurant of choice, but book a reservation and
get directions at the same time.”
The new hybrid Wireless Assisted GPS patent issued to SnapTrack, #5,999,124, covers inventions for the combination of GPS and wireless network time measurements when performing position location calculations. Augmenting GPS signals with information from a wireless network, such as cellular ranging and timing signals, enhances SnapTrack’s system availability and integrity in very challenging call environments. The patent covers position determination calculations at both the client (handset) and the server .
In addition to the new hybrid Wireless Assisted GPS patent, SnapTrack has also been issued patent #6,002,363, concerning the ability to tightly integrate both GPS signal and cellular signal processing tasks within a common microprocessing unit aboard a wireless device. By sharing the same microprocessor for both tasks, wireless devices may be developed that need not rely upon redundant electronics, simplifying the device and leading to potential cost-savings.
SnapTrack now holds 14 patents, with nearly three dozen additional patents pending, that are critical to the efficient, cost-effective deployment of Wireless Assisted GPS. SnapTrack’s system has been commercially adopted by NTT DoCoMo (the world’s largest wireless operator), and will shortly be on the market in Japan. SnapTrack recently completed end-to-end wireless location services applications trials in Madrid with major GSM carriers, and also concluded more than 18 months of testing on commercial CDMA networks. The company expects SnapTrack-enabled handsets and two-way pagers to appear on store shelves next year.
About SnapTrack’s Technology
SnapTrack's thin-client Wireless Assisted GPS system improves upon conventional GPS by combining information from GPS satellites and a wireless network to pinpoint a wireless phone. It may be incorporated into a range of cellular phones, pagers, PDAs, and other wireless devices. While traditional GPS receivers may take several minutes to provide a location fix, SnapTrack's system generally locates callers within a few seconds. Callers are typically located to within 5-20 meters in a wide range of challenging call environments where normal GPS will not work, including inside houses and moving vehicles, under heavy foliage, and in downtown street canyons.
SnapTrack’s technology products permit the design of wireless devices that operate in multiple GPS navigation modes, allowing out-of-network location coverage and a variety of thin-client applications. SnapTrack’s Multimode Location System™ product combines several GPS modes into a single package; SmartServer™, Semi-Autonomous SmartServer, and conventional GPS; and uses a dynamic smart-location feature that enables a device to choose the appropriate location mode for a user at any given time. SnapTrack's wireless location technology products require no additional cell sites or modification to existing network equipment and are designed to have minimal impact on cost and handset form factor. Furthermore, SnapTrack’s technology is air-interface neutral and is applicable in any two-way wireless system: cellular/PCS, satellite, or paging; 800/900 MHz or 1800/1900 MHz; CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PDC or iDEN.
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text:
Since signing with the Chicago Bulls and making the transition from the Miami Heat, Dwayne Wade was officially introduced as a Bulls member this past Friday (July 29th).
At a press conference, the Chicago Bulls presented and officially introduced Dwayne Wade to sports media as a basketball player for their team. Wade had the floor and began his statement conveying gratefulness to be able to return to his hometown of Chicago.
"I'm thankful to be here today."
During his speech, Dwayne Wade reflected on his childhood and expressed how he always wanted to be a basketball player. Wade acknowledged where he grew up and came from.
"I'm a Chicago guy, a Chicago kid. I remember sitting on the floor and watching the Chicago Bulls win their first title. I was 9 years old, watching on an itty bitty tv, and I said, 'That's what I want to do, that's who I want to be.'"
Prior to his childhood reflection, Dwayne Wade began his speech making it very clear that the Chicago Bulls was Jimmy Butler's team.
"This is Jimmy's team," he said. "It won't be a tug and pull whose team it is."
And how he is there to assist.
"This is Jimmy Butler's team. Myself and Rondo are here to bring what we bring as athletes to this team and to this city."
Dwayne Wade referenced part of a speech Shaquille O'Neal made when he came to play for Miami and instead of stepping on anybody's toes, he made it known that the Heat was Wade's team. Now in 2016, Dwayne Wade reflected on the speech and past the same honor to Butler.
Check out Wade's full speech below.


text:
Before putting on some potentially major calories, many people started Thanksgiving Day with a trot.
An 11th Annual Festival Foods Turkey Trot.
“The turkey trot is where you come out here on Thanksgiving Day and say, ‘Oh, my gosh, it’s cold.’ But you know what? It’s cold for a reason folks,” said Charlie Berens of the Manitowoc Minute. “It’s because it’s November. Back to the Turkey Trot–this is where we run around how long? Do you know? They told me it was just like half a block.”
With a five-mile race, two-mile fun run, and a ‘dog jog,’ there was a choice for every level of fitness.
About 9,000 trotters registered in Green Bay alone.
“I probably don’t condition myself as much as everyone else, I just try to run a few miles and suffer the other couple,” said Nick Daniels, a turkey-trotter from Green Bay.
Some were a little more hardcore about it.
“This is not something I take lightly,” said Berens. “For the past maybe one to two hours, I’ve been awake. And it’s important that before you trot, you wake up. And beyond that, did I have breakfast today? No.”
Eventually, Charlie went rogue and started interviewing runners on his own.
We decided to step back and let the camera keep rolling.
Tracy Demerath; Experienced Turkey Trotter
“Are you excited? Are you ready? What’s cookin’?,” Berens asked Tracy Demerath, an experienced turkey trotter.
-This is part of a ten mile run there, friend.
What do you mean, ten mile?
-We’re going to do three, you’re going to warm up…
No, no, no, look. I can’t even do the five, I was kidding about that. I’m going to start and go into a car and…
-I’ve seen your videos. I know you can’t do anything.
OK! And folks that was our interview with Tracy. Let’s misspell her name.”
More than 30,000 people are estimated to have registered for the ten Turkey Trots throughout Wisconsin.
And Berens knew the secret to surviving the Turkey Trot, all along.
“When it comes to keeping warm in the Turkey Trot, the best advice? Keep’er movin’,” he said.
Festival Foods has raised more than two-million dollars for charities throughout Wisconsin with the Turkey Trot.


|Publication number||US6698908 B2|
|Application number||US 10/113,176|
|Publication date||Mar 2, 2004|
|Filing date||Mar 29, 2002|
|Priority date||Mar 29, 2002|
|Also published as||US20030185012|
|Publication number||10113176, 113176, US 6698908 B2, US 6698908B2, US-B2-6698908, US6698908 B2, US6698908B2|
|Inventors||Ronald L. Sitzema, Jr., Gwen Barber|
|Original Assignee||Lexalite International Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (20), Classifications (23), Legal Events (9)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to lighting fixtures and luminaires, and more particularly to an improved optical assembly including a reflector/refractor device and a reflector collar for enhanced directional illumination control.
Various arrangements are known for reflectors when used as lighting fixtures and luminaires. Some known reflectors are manufactured in metals such as aluminum and steel, or of a glass or plastic. These materials are then painted, plated, or chemically brightened to function as reflectors. Vacuum metallizing, vapor or chemical deposition can be used to place a thin metal layer onto the surface of the metal, plastic or glass to act as reflector. There are also prismatic internal reflection glass and plastic reflectors which use the index of refraction to control the reflectance of light and redirect it into a distribution of light. Some glass reflectors are known to use a metal cover spun around the exterior to eliminate uplight, radiated by the large rounded portion of their prism peaks and roots, and the cover is used as a means of glare control and to maintain a clean exterior internal reflection surface. However, this creates a very dark reflector exterior and a very bright aperture brightness, and when installed in a room this reflector produces very reduced uplight with no means of adjusting the glass reflectors' reflected surface brightness to any other ambient lighting concerns or conditions.
Improvements over prior art arrangements have been provided by prismatic reflector/refractor, such as disclosed in the following United States patents.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,839,781 issued to Josh T. Barnes and Ronald J. Sitzema Jun. 13, 1989 and assigned to the present assignee, discloses a reflector/refractor device for use with a variety of lighting fixtures and light sources. The reflector/refractor device includes a body having a predetermined profile and defining a cavity with the body having an inside surface and an outside surface. An illuminating source for emitting light is disposed within the cavity substantially along a central vertical axis of the body. The body includes a series of sectional zones for reflecting and refracting light. The exterior surface of the device includes a plurality of substantially vertical prisms consisting of reflective elements, refractive elements and elements that may be either reflective or refractive depending on light center location. These reflective or refractive elements act in combination to selectively vary light distribution characteristics of vertical and lateral angles, and intensities, by vertical displacement of the illuminating lamp source.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,444,606 issued to Josh T. Barnes and Paul C. Belding Aug. 22, 1995 and assigned to the present assignee, discloses a combination of a prismatic reflector and a prismatic lens is provided for use with lighting fixtures. A reflector body has a substantially parabolic contour defining an interior cavity. The reflector body includes a plurality of prisms for receiving, transmitting and reflecting light. A lens body has a first mating surface engaging the reflector body, an opposed inverted conical surface, and a sloping sidewall extending between the mating surface and the opposed inverted conical surface. The mating surface of the lens body has a larger diameter than the opposed inverted conical surface. The opposed inverted conical surface includes a plurality of prisms for receiving and for redirecting light.
Prior art of collar attachment to polymeric prismatic reflectors has been generally limited to using a stamped aluminum rings as a simple retention device, and generally as a means of reflecting extraneous light away from the Nadir position of a photometric distribution. These designs concentrated on producing batwing distributions.
The original reflector collar designs were intended to produce only batwing distributions with spacing criteria of 1.6:1 to 2.0:1. While the original designs of the collar and polymeric reflector provided excellent overall efficiency and coefficient of utilization for room cavity designs, it meant that batwing distributions would often need to be spaced closer than their intended spacing to meet required footcandle levels and watt per square foot energy consumption legislation. A need for narrower spacing with higher footcandle levels below the luminaire was needed to reduce the number of luminaires consuming energy in the lighted space. This also meant increasing or achieving horizontal footcandle requirements at the floor and maintaining vertical footcandle levels on shelving or racks of warehouses and interior lighting of commercial stores. In essence this is a shift in design practice which was to cover large areas of open space with uniform illumination, to a concept of concentrating illumination and energy use in narrower patterns for specific lighting requirements and tasks.
A need exists for effective mechanism for providing enhanced directional illumination control for an improved optical assembly. It is desirable to provide such an improved optical assembly for concentrating illumination and energy use in narrower patterns for specific lighting requirements and tasks.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide an improved optical assembly including a reflector/refractor device and a collar for enhanced directional illumination control. Other important objects of the present invention are to provide such an improved optical assembly including a reflector/refractor device and a collar for enhanced directional illumination control substantially without negative effect; and that overcome many of the disadvantages of prior art arrangements.
In brief, an improved optical assembly including a reflector/refractor device and a reflector collar provided for enhanced directional illumination control. The reflector/refractor has a predefined shape and has a plurality of reflector/refractor prisms on an exterior body surface for reflecting and refracting light. A light source is disposed within the reflector/refractor substantially along a central vertical axis of the reflector/refractor. The reflector collar supports the reflector/refractor and attaches the reflector/refractor to a luminaire ballast. The reflector collar has a predetermined contour and a plurality of reflector impressions formed into the predetermined contour. The predetermined contour and the plurality of reflector impressions provide directional illumination control for the optical assembly.
The present invention together with the above and other objects and advantages may best be understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1A and 1B are top and side elevational views illustrating a prismatic reflector/refractor device in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a partially broken away view of an optical assembly including the prismatic reflector/refractor device of FIGS. 1A and 1B together with a collar for enhanced directional illumination control in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a bottom elevational view of the collar of FIG. 2 in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the reflector collar for enhanced directional illumination control in accordance with the preferred embodiment taken along line A—A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a top elevational view of the collar of FIG. 2 in accordance with the preferred embodiment;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the collar of FIG. 2 illustrating multiple concave reflector impressions selectively formed into the reflector collar contour;
FIGS. 7A, 8A and 9A respectively illustrate light ray traces with the prior art prismatic reflector/refractor device of FIGS. 1A and 1B from the top, middle and bottom of a light source;
FIGS. 7B, 8B and 9B respectively illustrate light ray traces of the reflector collar in accordance with the preferred embodiment from the top, middle and bottom of a light source;
FIGS. 7BB, 8BB and 9BB respectively illustrate light ray traces of an enlarged portion of the reflector collar in accordance with the preferred embodiment from the top, middle and bottom of a light source; and
FIGS. 7C, 8C and 9C respectively illustrate light ray traces of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 including the prismatic reflector/refractor device of FIGS. 1A and 1B together with the collar for enhanced directional illumination control in accordance with the preferred embodiment.
In accordance with the invention, an improved optical assembly is provided by a clear prismatic reflector/refractor having its exterior surface substantially covered with multiple internal reflecting prisms in combination with a reflector collar of the preferred embodiment that is arranged to provide additional optical control. The reflector collar of the preferred embodiment is used for the attachment of a polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor to a luminaire ballast capsule and provides a means of narrowing the photometric distribution of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor. The narrowing of the distribution causes an increase to the efficiency in the 0-40 degree zonal lumens while maintaining the overall efficiency of the polymeric prismatic reflector through the use of the reflector collar predetermined contour and multiple small concave reflector impressions that are formed into the reflector collar.
Having reference now to the drawings, in FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown a prismatic reflector/refractor device generally designated as 100 in accordance with the preferred embodiment. The prismatic reflector/refractor 100 is formed of a substantially transparent light transmitting material, such as an acrylic or similar material.
Prismatic reflector/refractor 100 is specifically designed to provide a certain amount of additional light through its sidewall for adding additional illumination to the surround, increasing the uniformity in the surround, and for spreading the lamp image over a large area to reduce glare from a light source or lamp 110.
The reflector/refractor 100 of the preferred embodiment has a plurality of vertical prisms 102 on an outside or exterior surface 104 extending between an upper flange, opening 106 and a lower flange, opening 108. The prismatic reflector/refractor 100 advantageously is the type described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,444,606 and 4,839,781. The subject matter of each of the above-identified U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,444,606 and 4,839,781 is incorporated herein by reference.
In accordance with features of the invention, a reflector collar 200 for enhanced directional illumination control of the preferred embodiment and reflector/refractor 100 are provided in combination to construct an optical assembly 202 of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 2-6 and FIGS. 7B, 8B and 9B. Reflector collar 200 is used for the attachment of a polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 to a luminaire ballast capsule (not shown). The reflector collar 200 narrows the photometric distribution of the reflector/refractor 100 through the use of its shape and multiple small concave reflector impressions 220 that are embossed into the reflector collar 200. Each of the multiple concave reflector impressions 220 is formed as a segment of a sphere at a predetermined depth and a prescribed spread of diffusion from the lamp source 110.
In accordance with features of the invention, the reflector collar profile 210 includes the generally concave reflector impressions 220 facing the lamp center arranged at predetermined locations and at a predetermined density to create a controlled spreading of the reflected light away from the lamp 110 and the sidewall of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100. The spreading of the reflected light from the reflector collar 200 is distributed to project the majority of the rays through the bottom opening 108 of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100, thus increasing the intensity of the distribution and narrowing the distribution of the polymeric reflector.
Referring to FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 rests on a lower portion 204 of the reflector collar 200 and held in position by a plurality of bendable tabs 206 cut from the reflector/collar contour and bent over an upper neck opening defined by flange 106 of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 during assembly of the optical assembly 202. Reflector collar 200 has a predetermined contour generally designated by the reference character 210 and is arranged for forming an extension of the interior contour of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100. The reflector collar shape 210 is matched generally as continuation of the interior contour of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100 progressing from a lower edge 212 having a larger diameter than the top flange opening 106 of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100 and the predetermined shape 210 continues to a central opening 214 in the of the reflector collar 200 for receiving the lamp 110. The reflector collar 200 supports the polymeric prismatic reflector 110 with the lower reflector collar edge 212 positioned approximately 1 inch or 2.56 cm. below the upper flange 106 of the polymeric prismatic reflector 110. The down-light reflector collar 200 includes features 216 and a series of different patterns 218 cut into the collar for attachment to one of various commercially available ballasts or luminaire ballast capsules.
The down-light reflector collar 200 of the preferred embodiment is made from a highly reflective aluminum and preferably is bright dipped and anodized to maintain the high reflectance of the metal. When assembled in optical assembly 202, the reflector collar 200 effectively narrows the overall distribution of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100, increasing the 0-40 degree zonal efficiency of the photometric distribution while maintaining the overall efficiency of the polymeric prismatic reflector. The increase in efficiency of the 0-40 degree area will cause some reduction in the uplight values of the 90°-180° zonal efficiency. However, this reduction is controlled by the size of down-light reflector collar 200 and not intended to eliminate all of the uplight. The result leaves substantial illumination available for the use of this uplight illumination in areas where it may be advantagous to provide some uplight. This is especially important in high ceiling mounting heights to reduce some of the ceiling brightness while at the same time not creating a dark cavern effect ceiling in the room or lighting installation.
Referring to FIG. 2, the down-light reflector collar 200 is designed with the predetermined contour 210 to enhance the directional control of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100. The overall contour 210 of the reflector collar 200 is defined or shaped from the intersection of a plurality of predetermined radii generally indicated by radii R1-R6, each having its center respectively indicated by P1-P6 offset from the vertical axis V of the polymeric prismatic reflector lamp source 110, and each rotated horizontally about the centerline of the vertical axis of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 to generate the down-light reflector collar contour 210.
In accordance with features of the invention, additional optical control of reflector collar 200 to narrow the distribution of the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 using either clear enveloped lamps or phosphor coated lamps 110 is simply and effectively achieved by the use of multiple concave reflector impressions 220 selectively formed into the contour 210 of the reflector collar 200. These impressions 220 have been implemented with the shape of predetermined segments of a sphere, but it should be understood that impressions 220 are not limited to these shapes. The concave reflector impressions 220 creating overlapping reflected distributions of reflected illumination to fill in and smooth a bat-wing distribution photometric distribution produced by the polymeric prismatic reflector to create a bell curve distribution, filling in the 0-40 degree zonal efficiency of the photometric distribution.
The concave reflector impressions 220 are formed, for example, on a core of a hydroforming die by an EDM process leaving raised convex segments of a sphere on the core surface and these forms are pressed into the reflector contour at a predetermined size and depth. Each raised segment of a sphere standing above the reflector core form, produces an impression 220 of a concave reflector, and the core form of a hydroforming die is selectively covered with these raised segments of a sphere to produce multiple concave reflectors of defined shape and depth relative to the reflector collar contour which in turn provide the desired distribution with reflector collar 200. Each embossed impression 220 is designed to increase the efficiency in the 0-40 degree zone of the photometric light distribution of the optical assembly with little loss in efficiency or optical control of the prismatic polymeric reflector/refractor 100.
The primary shape 210 of the down-light reflector collar 200 includes, for example, six separate intersecting radii R1-R6, each having a position P1 offset from the predetermined centerline axis of the HID source. Each position of these radii is rotated about the predetermined centerline axis of the HID source to form the base line contour 210 of the reflector collar 200. Into five of the six radii segments a series of the small concave reflectors 220 are formed as negative segments of a sphere that are calculated for position and depth of spread to later be impressed into the contour 210 during the manufacturing process. Each series of these impressions 220 are designed as small concave reflectors in the final stage of the manufactured reflector collar 200 to redirect light from the lamp 110 in a direction passing close to the envelop of the lamp but not back through the arc tube of the HID lamp. Computerized raytracing advantageously is used to establish the spread of each spherical segment impression 220 and its respective location on the collar surface, as well as the pattern density of spherical segment impressions 220 on the contour of the reflector collar 200.
As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 6, each impression 220 in the reflector collar contour 210 is comprised of a negative segment of a sphere but could be other calculated shapes. Each series of negative impressions 220 provides controlled spread of the light from the lamp 110 at predetermined intervals complementing the distribution from the primary polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100 into the 0-40 degree zonal lumen quadrant. The series of the small concave reflector impressions 220 are designed to provide gradually decreasing spread and intensity of the reflected illumination from the concave impressions 220 approaching the lower edge 212 with the lowest spread and intensity of the reflected illumination from the concave impressions 220 on the lower portion 204 that supports the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100. The series of the small concave reflector impressions 220 having radii, such as R7 from a center point P7 as shown in FIG. 6, that generally follow the reflector collar contour 210. Each impression 220 is defined by a raised surface on the spinning chuck or on the surface of a hydroforming core. For example, each shape forming respective reflector impressions 220 is first machined into the surface of an EDM electrode and this electrode then is used to electrically machine and form each raised shape on a steel core. This raised shape is compressed into the wall thickness of the aluminum down-light collar contour 210 during the reflector collar forming process. Each of the negative impressions 220 is compressed into the aluminum collar curvature at predetermined intervals in the collar material, with each individual impression 220 having a predetermined prescribed depth and curvature.
FIGS. 7A, 8A and 9A respectively illustrate light ray traces with the prior art prismatic reflector/refractor device 100 and a prior art collar from the top, middle and bottom of the light source 110 for comparison with function of optical assembly 202 including the reflector collar 200 of the preferred embodiment as shown in FIGS. 7C, 8C and 9C. The rays are traced at the top, midpoint and bottom of the HID lamp 110 on several positions along the vertical axis of the polymeric reflector contour 100 to create a desired pattern of the distribution and can be used for determining the necessary number and arrangement of the impressions 220 the reflector collar 200. For clarity the rays traces are not shown that pass through the area normally occupied by the lamp 110.
FIGS. 7B, 8B and 9B respectively illustrate light ray traces of the reflector collar 200 in accordance with the preferred embodiment from the top, middle and bottom of the light source 110. FIGS. 7B, 8B and 9B show the distribution of the rays as they are distributed through the lower opening 108 of the polymeric reflector, but without the detail of the polymeric reflector 110 for clarity. The light ray positions are again respectively shown starting at the top, midpoint and then the bottom of the HID arc tube 110 at a predetermined lamp center within the polymeric prismatic reflector. Note that the reflected path of the rays are directed away from the lamp envelope and toward the lower opening 108 of the polymeric reflector/refractor 100. As shown in these ray traces of FIGS. 7B, 8B and 9B, the distribution of the reflector collar 200 is not parabolic in shape or distribution. The contributions to the lower 0-40 degree zonal efficiencies of a photometric distribution are selective. Reflector collar 200 provides maximum spread and intensity of the reflected illumination from the concave reflector impressions 220 near the upper opening 206 with gradually decreasing spread and intensity of the reflected illumination approaching the lower reflector collar portion 204 supporting the polymeric prismatic reflector/refractor 100.
FIGS. 7BB, 8BB and 9BB respectively illustrate light ray traces from an illustrated enlarged lower portion 204 of the reflector collar 200 in accordance with the preferred embodiment from the top, middle and bottom of the light source 110. Multiple concave reflector impressions 220 are shown within the illustrated lower portion 204 of the reflector collar 200 that generally provide a lower spread and intensity of the reflected illumination from the reflector collar 200.
FIGS. 7C, 8C and 9C respectively illustrate light ray traces of the optical assembly of FIG. 2 including the prismatic reflector/refractor device 100 together with the reflector collar 200 for enhanced directional illumination control in accordance with the preferred embodiment. The effective function of the reflector collar 200 may be appreciated from a comparison of the ray traces for the optical assembly 202 shown in FIGS. 7C, 8C and 9C with the ray traces for the prior art prismatic reflector/refractor device 100 shown in FIGS. 7A, 8A and 9A.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the details of the embodiments of the invention shown in the drawing, these details are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
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|US3705303 *||Mar 12, 1971||Dec 5, 1972||Gen Electric||Luminaire|
|US4173037||Oct 31, 1977||Oct 30, 1979||General Electric Company||Lamp support device|
|US4231080||Mar 23, 1978||Oct 28, 1980||Kim Lighting, Inc.||Luminaire with reflecting louvers|
|US4404620 *||Dec 4, 1980||Sep 13, 1983||Toshiba Electric Equipment Corporation||Luminaire|
|US4839781||Jun 21, 1988||Jun 13, 1989||Lexalite International Corporation||Reflector/refractor|
|US4943901||Jul 11, 1989||Jul 24, 1990||General Electric Company||Luminaire with auxiliary reflecting means|
|US5178452||Jul 23, 1991||Jan 12, 1993||Delma Elektro-Und Medizinische Geraetebau Gesellschaft Mbh||Operating theatre lamp|
|US5251116||Apr 24, 1992||Oct 5, 1993||U.S. Philips Corporation||Luminaire for creating a primary beam and a secondary beam|
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|US6086227 *||Sep 11, 1998||Jul 11, 2000||Osram Sylvania Inc.||Lamp with faceted reflector and spiral lens|
|US6273590||Jul 30, 1998||Aug 14, 2001||Stingray Lighting, Inc.||Dual reflector lighting system|
|1||Stingray Dual Reflector Lighting System, The Next Generation High Bay brochure, 4 pages, undated.|
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|US7160010||Nov 15, 2005||Jan 9, 2007||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Light manifold for automotive light module|
|US7207700||Sep 22, 2005||Apr 24, 2007||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Near field lens with spread characteristics|
|US7213948||Feb 25, 2005||May 8, 2007||Visionaire Lighting||Optical reflector|
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|US7401948||Oct 17, 2005||Jul 22, 2008||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Near field lens having reduced size|
|US7438454||Nov 29, 2005||Oct 21, 2008||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Light assembly for automotive lighting applications|
|US7489453||Nov 15, 2005||Feb 10, 2009||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Side emitting near field lens|
|US7554742||Apr 17, 2007||Jun 30, 2009||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Lens assembly|
|US7564070||Nov 23, 2005||Jul 21, 2009||Visteon Global Technologies, Inc.||Light emitting diode device having a shield and/or filter|
|US7600894 *||Oct 13, 2009||Simon Jerome H||Luminaires and optics for control and distribution of multiple quasi point source light sources such as LEDs|
|US7710663||Mar 10, 2008||May 4, 2010||A.L.P. Lighting & Ceiling Products, Inc.||Prismatic lens and reflector/refractor device for lighting fixtures having enhanced performance characteristics|
|US7712929||Mar 6, 2008||May 11, 2010||Canlyte Inc.||Lighting device with composite reflector|
|US7744254||Aug 17, 2007||Jun 29, 2010||Daniel S. Spiro||Ballast housing for electronic HID luminaire|
|US7841748||May 31, 2007||Nov 30, 2010||Rlr Industries, Inc.||Diffractor-diffuser system for a fluorescent lumen package|
|US8356914||Jan 22, 2013||Simon Jerome H||Luminaires and optics for control and distribution of multiple quasi point source light sources such as LEDs|
|US8439525||Apr 16, 2010||May 14, 2013||Abl Ip Holding Llc||Luminaires having enhanced light distribution and applications thereof|
|US9022298 *||Sep 21, 2009||May 5, 2015||Reznor Llc||Radiant heat reflector and heat converter|
|US9086521||Mar 29, 2012||Jul 21, 2015||Bright View Technologies Corporation||Light transmissive structures and fabrication methods for controlling far-field light distribution|
|US20110049253 *||Sep 21, 2009||Mar 3, 2011||Thomas & Betts International, Inc.||Radiant heat reflector and heat converter|
|WO2009114114A2 *||Mar 9, 2009||Sep 17, 2009||A.L.P.Lighting & Ceiling Products, Inc.||Prismatic lens and reflector/refractor device|
|U.S. Classification||362/328, 362/255, 362/343, 362/327, 362/350, 362/346, 362/297, 362/299, 362/437, 362/443, 362/340|
|International Classification||F21V7/09, F21V5/02, F21V7/00, F21V13/04|
|Cooperative Classification||F21V5/02, F21V13/04, F21V7/09, F21V7/0091|
|European Classification||F21V5/02, F21V13/04, F21V7/00T, F21V7/09|
|Mar 29, 2002||AS||Assignment|
|Feb 7, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: SPECTRUS INC., MICHIGAN
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:LEXALITE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018875/0228
Effective date: 20070109
|Aug 17, 2007||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 12, 2007||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: LASALLE BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, ILLINOIS
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:SPECTRUS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019955/0364
Effective date: 20070618
|Apr 18, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ALP LIGHTING & CEILING PRODUCTS, INC., ILLINOIS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SPECTRUS INC.;REEL/FRAME:020817/0465
Effective date: 20080311
|Oct 15, 2008||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: COLE TAYLOR BANK, ILLINOIS
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:ALP LIGHTING & CEILING PRODUCTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:021679/0288
Effective date: 20081010
|Oct 17, 2011||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Mar 2, 2012||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Apr 24, 2012||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20120302


text:
The logo is made of a simple thick lines vector icon and a heavy block title. You can very simply change the color, thickness, and placement of the lines composing elements. Few colors are used here making it super easy to have the negative version of this logo better fit on darker backgrounds. The simple typography is fully editable, uses free fonts and hasn’t been expanded so you could adapt this logo to your brand name.
As always, this freebie comes fully layered and in the zip file, you will find all you need in the Adobe Illustrator CC Ai source file.


text:
Water bath canning is a relatively simple way to prepare many types of food for long term food storage and is great for beginners. Once you have selected the freshest ingredients to can, you will need a water bath canner. A water bath canner is basically just a large pot that has the capacity to hold up to seven quart sized mason jars.
For those who are handy and can create a rack out of wire, a large stock pot can be used to create a water bath canner. The rack is important to keep the jars off the bottom of the pot, and away from each other, and you need to make sure the pot is deep enough to hold enough water to submerge the canning jars by at least one inch. For those who don’t chose to make their own, a water bath canner can easily be purchased.
The basic premise behind water bath canning is to increase the temperature of the canning jar so that it’s hot enough to kill yeast, bacteria and molds that are found in food. Additionally, heat pushes the air out of the container when the contents of the jar expand. Once the jar cools to room temperature, the compression creates a seal, keeping air and organisms from entering the jar and preventing the food from spoiling.
In addition to the water bath canner, there are tools that will make the job easier, and you can get a canning kit, but critical to the process, however, are the jars you will use for canning food. You will need to select the size of the jars based on your recipe and what you decide to preserve, and you will need screw on bands and canning lids to secure the jars. It is crucial to ensure the jars have no nicks or cracks and have a flat rim. You will also need to sterilize the jars before filling them with your food items.
After you have collected your equipment and prepared your food ingredients, you’re ready to begin the canning process. Take your freshly sterilized jar, making sure it is still warm and fill them with the prepared food. Be sure to leave a little head room in each jar according to the recommendation in your recipe, a general rule of thumb is about one inch. Wipe the top of each jar with a clean towel to remove any debris that might keep the jar from making a secure seal. Place the lid on the jar centering it so the rubber is on the entire rim. Screw on band, but do not tighten it so the gasses can escape from the jar.
Put the newly filled, still warm jars into the rack in your water bath canner, making sure they don’t touch. Use warm water and make sure that the water covers the tops of the jars by at least one inch. Cover the pot and bring to a boil. Set your timer according to your recipe. Reduce heat to maintain a rapid boil. Add boiling water as needed during the process to keep the water level above the jars.
Once the timer has sounded, turn off the heat and use tongs to remove the jars immediately from the water. Place the jars on a cooling rack or a thick layer of towels and allow to cool completely. As the jars are cooling they will begin to seal and you will be able to hear them pop. To test the seal, push the top of the lid, if it does not move, the jar should be sealed. If the jar is sealed and completely cooled, tighten the band, label and store in a cool dark place.
The contents of any jar that does not seal should be consumed within a week, and the lids discarded as they will not seal in the future either. When you prepare to use one of your jars in the future, make sure to inspect the contents for spoilage before eating. Spoilage would be mold, gas, cloudiness, odors or drainage. If spoilage has occurred in one of your jars, to avoid possibly serious illness, do not eat the contents.
Canning food in a water bath canner for long term food storage is a fun and delicious way to preserve the harvest from your garden, bring back summer freshness during the winter, and is one step to becoming self sufficient on the urban homestead.

domain: hobby


Lake City Lahore is situated at the Main Raiwind Road. You can easily reach this society through Lahore Ring road interchange Adda-Plot. In the future, Lake City will have its interchange on the ring road. That is the most attractive and value-boosting feature of this society.
Moreover, anyone can effortlessly travel to DHA Lahore, Ferozepur Road, Allama Iqbal Airport, and Lahore Cantt within few minutes from Lake City Lahore.


text:
Researchers are making great improvements in treatment of hard-to-heal wounds, a problem that costs the nation up to $3bn a year. Amie Larter reports
Patients experiencing inflamed, weeping sores that are either reoccurring or fail to heal are typically suffering from a chronic or complex wound, says the head of a leading research group.
Stephen Prowse, the head of the Wound Management Innovation Co-operative Research Centre (CRC), believes these types of wounds are becoming a huge problem for the health system.
"We estimate that in Australia there are around 400,000 or so people at any one time with a complex difficult to heal wound," Prowse explained.
"That translates into a cost of around $2 billion to $3 billion a year, so we are talking about something like 2 per cent of the national health budget goes on the care and management of these difficult to heal wounds."
Wound Management CRC is currently working with the Australian Wound Management Association to collect national data to ensure that it is recognised in a way that acknowledges the magnitude of the problem at hand.
Prowse believes that the economic cost is often hidden because much of the treatment is often conducted by a diverse range of service providers in a range of different settings including in the home, at local GPs or clinics or in hospitals. "It is very hard to get an overall picture of what is really happening and what the overall cost genuinely is," said Prowse. "A lot of the wound management is driven or conducted by nurses and other health professionals, which sometimes escapes the attention of the mainstream medical fraternity."
Most frequently found in elderly patients or those suffering from obesity or diabetes, this excruciating medical condition is often caused by hard-to-heal wounds developing into ulcers - the most common of which is venous leg ulcers (VLUs). These are caused mostly by an underlying disease known as chronic venous insufficiency. This is where the veins in a patient's leg lose the ability to pump oxygenated blood capably, and the effects become evident on the leg in the form of what can be an agonising wound.
The main treatment for VLUs is compression, with the Cochrane Systematic Review suggesting that it is the most important treatment to heal the wounds. "If they do not have compression, not only will they not heal, but they will get worse," said Dr Carolina Weller, from Monash University's Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine. "Best practice to heal people with a VLU is compression by applying a tight bandage on a lower limb from below the knees to the toes."
According to Cochrane Database System review 2009, high compression bandaging (30-40 mmHg) is an effective treatment, healing over 70 per cent of uncomplicated VLUs in 3 months.
Compression bandages are often successfully used by nurses and other medical professionals to aid the healing of the VLU. However, as Weller explains, there are problems that arise when using this form of treatment.
The first is due to the wide range of bandages available. There is evidence to suggest that nurses can often be confused with what to use and then how to apply it. Nurses also need to be trained in application, which can be fairly expensive. This is on top of the compression bandages themselves, which can be quite costly.
If we lived in a world where cost and training was not an issue, one concern is still paramount - and that is the second problem: keeping the VLU compressed after the patient's initial treatment.
"It is highly likely that once the patient goes home following compression application, because the bandage is uncomfortable - they take it off," said Weller. "So unless the patient comes back to the clinic, or the nurse is able to visit the patient at home to put it back on, it means the patient has no compression bandage on the limb - and as a result of that they will not be able to heal."
The two types of compression used in Australia are the short-stretch single layer inelastic compression bandage and the three-layered elastic bandaging system. In an Australian first, Weller has lead a study to compare the effectiveness of the two in the treatment of VLUs.
Published in the international journal Wound Repair and Regeneration the research revealed that three-layer tubular bandaging significantly improved healing of VLUs and was more affordable and practical than single-layer bandages.
"Typically a single bandage would be used, which is inelastic and is quite difficult to apply unless nurses are trained," Weller said. "The three-layer system is a tubular sock system that is open at the toes. Due to its simple way of application there is no confusion and it took nurses less time to apply."
According to the study, which was conducted over 12 weeks in Victorian and Queensland hospital clinics, the costs for the three-layer bandage, including the price of the product and the time for the nurse to apply, was significantly less than that of a short-stretch system. "We found the cost of the three-layer system, including application time by a nurse, was almost halved in comparison to the more commonly used standard control compression bandage," Weller said.
In addition to cost, the three-layer bandage was much easier to apply and less time consuming.
Throughout the study, patients reported the three-layer bandage to be a comfortable alternative to standard compression bandages. Even though there was a firm system in place, the three-layer bandage conforms to the leg, making it a more comfortable option for patients.
"Patients kept the bandage on. If people keep the bandage on because it is comfortable enough then they have got a better chance of healing," Weller said.
In terms of effectiveness of healing and reducing the wound, the study found that all compression, no matter what type of bandage used, was better than none. The portion of healed ulcers was larger in patients that were using the three-layer system, however, the study revealed no statistical difference between the treatment groups in reduction in ulcer size. Weller said further research is necessary to provide evidence at more of a population level surrounding patients that present with VLUs.Do you have an idea for a story?
Email [email protected]

domain: health


Auto Repair Brentwood TN
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Johnson City names new police chief
JOHNSON CITY – After splitting the costs and services of a police chief with the City of Binghamton for more than four years, the village has appointed a new man to its police department.
Brent G. Dodge, who joined the Johnson City police force in 2000, was promoted from lieutenant to chief in a unanimous vote by the village board on Tuesday night. He is expected to start in the new role on Thursday.
The appointment comes after the village and the City of Binghamton announced last month that they were ending the joint services agreement that has been in place between their police departments since 2010. Under the agreement, the municipalities have shared a police chief, Joseph Zikuski, and two assistant police chiefs.
Johnson City Mayor Greg Deemie and Binghamton Mayor Richard David said the decision to end the deal stemmed from a desire by both municipalities to have their own full-time police chief.
Dodge, 40, of Vestal, said that one of his first moves as chief will be to use the increased manpower the department is anticipating to target problem areas in the village, especially the increased drug use. The department currently has five recruits in the academy, he said.
"When we get the manpower available, we want to work on extra drug enforcement and just generally improving the quality of life, specifically in the downtown area," Dodge said.
The end of the joint services agreement is expected to save the village money, while an increase in cost is likely in Binghamton.
Under the current deal, set to expire at the end of the year, Binghamton and Johnson City have split the salaries, benefits and other costs of the chief and assistant chief positions 50-50. Johnson City will continue to pay its share of the deal through the end of the year, Deemie said.
Dodge's base salary as chief will be $94,000. Zikuski's salary was around $135,909 in 2012. Assistant chiefs David Eggleston and William Yeager were paid about $100,847 and $99,191 respectively.
Deemie has said that the village does not plan to hire a new assistant police chief, but there is a possibility the village will be able to hire more officers with the savings.
Both Deemie and David have said that the decision to terminate the agreement was not a reflection of Zikuski or the assistant chiefs. All three currently remain at the head of the Binghamton Police Department.
Zikuski did not return a request for comment for this report.
During the board meeting on Tuesday, Deemie said that Dodge's appointment to chief marked a "new beginning" for the village.
"(I'm) absolutely, totally ecstatic about it," Deemie said in an interview after the meeting.
He said the board felt Dodge was the right choice moving forward for the village.
Around 20 police officers lined the wall of the meeting room during the vote, and Dodge received a standing ovation when the resolution appointing him chief passed. Many of the officers stopped to hug him and offer their congratulations as they filed out of the room.
"I'm very excited by this opportunity," Dodge said. "I'm humbled by it, humbled by the show of support by the board and my men."
Dodge said he has a close relationship with the officers in the village, and is looking forward to the chance to lead the force.
"It's going to be nice to have the intimate family setting in our department," he said.
Follow Megan Brockett on Twitter @PSBMegan.