What software and files do I need to operate my deformable mirror?
There are three software items required to properly operate your deformable mirror; including two configuration files, specific to the device you have, that should be copied to their respective folders within the Boston Micromachines software folder.
The Boston Micromachines Deformable Mirror Software Development Kit (DMSDK) provides a common interface to all BMC products. It allows users to write one code base that can be used with any product. Command line and graphical applications are provided for demonstration of the DMSDK and hardware functionality. A C API is provided for versatile development of high performance applications.
Adaptive Optics (AO) Software Development Kit (SDK) available as an upgrade. Find out more about our AOSDK.
A configuration file that is matched to a unique DM-Driver combination. A profile contains information such as deformable mirror array size, actuator mapping, voltage limits, the driver PC interface type, and other settings. Profile file names contain the serial number of the deformable mirror device to which they apply. Contact us if you have any questions regarding your DM profile.
Flat map file
A type of Command Map that drives the deformable mirror surface to a plane that is parallel to the silicon wafer base. This file is optional and useful for calibration and alignment of your optical component.
Flat maps for deformable mirrors are established by Boston Micromachines and are unique and custom to only that DM-Driver combination. Boston Micromachines typically supplies a flat map with each deformable mirror at 50% deflection for use in establishing a mirror surface for optical alignment and calibration. Other flat map files are also available — please inquire for more details.
How do deformable mirror actuators work?
The concept behind MEMS deformable mirrors is pretty simple. This simple design enables them to be fast and efficient devices.
There is an electrode layer, an actuator layer and a mirror layer.
You ground the actuator layer. When a voltage is put on an electrode, the actuator layer above it is attracted and it pulls the mirror layer down. Voila! A deformable mirror. The motion for every device is pretty much the same.
The interesting thing about deformable mirrors is that there are many ways that you can fabricate the mirror layer and therefore many types of mirrors that you can make. If you want a big, smooth surface, simply make the mirror layer continuous across the entire mirror. If you want each actuator to control a small region that is independent of the others, a segmented mirror is for you. And, if you want larger segments which are controlled by multiple actuators, just divide the surface up the way you want to and you can have separate mirrors that can be controlled with a number of actuators, like our Hex-TTP (Tip, tilt, piston) version that we offer.
In the past, versions of various sizes and segments has been created. And, if you want something more esoteric, we’re happy to entertain your ideas.
Some of the common configurations that Boston Micromachines has created for applications from astronomy to laser communication:
Continuous Deformable Mirror Surface
Segmented Deformable Mirror Surface
Tip-Tilt Deformable Mirror Surface
What does my deformable mirror surface layout look like?
MEMS deformable mirrors are typically fabricated in a cartesian layout format. This is simple to layout and stays consistent from the smallest to the largest sizes. That is where the layouts stop being similar.
Within the cartesian layout, there are two types of mirrors:
Continuous Deformable Mirror
A Deformable Mirror where the reflective mirror surface extends continuously (without any breaks) over the entire actuator array. In Continuous DMs, actuator arrays can be linear, square grid, or other type of pattern.
Typical configurations (actuator maps):
Multi Deformable Mirror
Multi-C Deformable Mirror
Kilo-C Deformable Mirror
Segmented Deformable Mirror
A Deformable Mirror where the reflective mirror surface is segmented and the number of mirror segments is equal to or less than the number of actuators in the entire actuator array. In Segmented DMs, actuator arrays can be linear, square grid, or other type of pattern. Coupling between the mirror surfaces of adjacent segments is zero. Mirror segments in Segmented DMs can be controlled by one or more actuators.
- With one actuator per mirror segment, the segment can move in a single direction.
- With two actuators per mirror segment, the segment can move in a single direction and tilt in one plane.
- With three actuators per mirror segment, the segment can move in a single direction and tilt in any plane.*
More information about standard models can be found on the Standard Deformable Mirrors page.
*Certain type of segmented mirror that many have found useful across an array of applications: The Hex-TTP deformable mirror.
Hex-TTP Deformable Mirror
Breaking up the surface into hexagonal segments, with three actuators controlling each, enables tip-tilt-piston (TTP) functionality and provides the user with the ability to achieve precise angular and phase control with each optical segment. Typical sizes of mirrors are shown below.
Hex-111 Deformable Mirror
Hex-1011 Deformable Mirror
Hex-3K Deformable Mirror
Boston Micromachines has published a whitepaper on the architecture. It can be accessed on our Hex Class Deformable Mirrors page.
How big is my deformable mirror and how much of the mirror surface is actually useful?
Deformable mirror surfaces are classified by Boston Micromachines in three different ways: Full Aperture, Active Aperture and Recommended Optical Aperture. Below we will describe these different apertures for both continuous and segmented deformable mirrors.
Full Aperture (FA)
The largest circular region that fits within the deformable mirror’s reflective surface. The Full Aperture is what you see when looking directly at the deformable mirror, and is also known as the Unpowered Surface Figure. As it is not entirely controllable, the Full Aperture is typically not used, but is useful to know if the application calls for overfilling the useful area.
Full Aperture For Continuous Deformable Mirrors
Continuous deformable mirrors have two or more rows of inactive actuators outside of the controllable actuators. The reflective area extends to the outermost inactive actuators.
The diameter of the Full Aperture is [(actuators across) + 3] x (pitch)
Full Aperture (red circle) overlaid on the actuator map
Surface scan of the Full Aperture
Active Aperture (AA)
The largest circular region that fits within the displaceable controllable area of the DM surface. The Active Aperture is a circle inscribed within the outer controllable actuators. The area within the Active Aperture is displaceable but not fully controllable at the edges, because the controllable outer actuators are coupled to actuators further out that cannot be controlled.
The diameter of the Active Aperture is ([actuators across] -1) x [pitch]
Active Aperture (red circle) overlaid on the actuator map
Surface scan of the flattened Active Aperture
Recommended Optical Aperture (OA)
The largest circular region that fits within the displaceable and fully controllable area of the deformable mirror surface.
For continuous DMs, the Recommended Optical Aperture is a circle inscribed within the next actuator in from the outer controllable actuators. Like the Active Aperture, the area within the Recommended Optical Aperture is displaceable but is also fully controllable at the edges, because the controllable outer actuators are coupled to actuators further out that can also be controlled.
The diameter of the Recommended Optical Aperture is ([actuators across] -3) x [pitch]
Recommended Optical Aperture (red circle) overlaid on the actuator map
Surface scan of the flattened Recommended Optical Aperture
How fast are deformable mirrors?
There are a few areas that need to be addressed with respect to the speed of a MEMS based deformable mirror. The best way to do this is by separating out the different forms of latency/delay in the system.
We define the latency of our electronics as the time between the first command written to the last DAC (digital to analog converter) updated. In the case of our USB drivers, the data is sent over the USB protocol in 125us packets which leads to the calculation of 8kHz frame rate.
For our X/S-Driver architectures, much higher frame rates of up to 400kHz are possible, depending on the number of actuators addressed. This is the first source of delay with deformable mirror systems.
Amplifier slew rate
The next delay in the system involves the slew rate of our amplifiers. For most of our devices, we utilize a custom Supertex amplifier that slews at 5.1V/us. Therefore, this is completely dependent on the size of the step taken for a given command. This should be added to the electronics latency when evaluating the system. For our X-Driver architecture, we utilize improved amplifiers that yield a slew rate of 11.6V/us, which is what makes the higher speeds possible.
Actuator Mechanical response
The final consideration when calculating the system latency is the mechanical response time of the DM. For some users, this is not a consideration as they are more concerned with sending commands as quickly as possible and are not worried about the position of the DM. However, for others, this is important since they would like to detect a settled wavefront for analysis in the control loop. The mechanical response is summarized in the documents below for each of our DM architectures.
Finally, the entire surface of the mirror must be taken into account when considering how fast your system can go. The major concern here is air damping. While individual actuators can move with sub-100 microsecond speed, as the air trapped under the surface moves around, it can affect the settling time of the entire surface. The surface response time for continuous deformable mirrors is on the order of 150 to 300 microseconds, depending on the stroke and spacing of the actuators.
How stable is my deformable mirror?
Boston Micromachines deformable mirrors exhibit highly stable operation with no hysteresis and no measurable drift, down to the sub-nanometer level. Our MEMS based deformable mirrors have been extensively tested for various parameters, including stability. We currently have a 4096 actuator count deformable mirror integrated into the Gemini Planetary Imager (GPI). Before its installation, MEMS stability was tested by applying a flattened shape to the device with successive wavefront measurements taken every 38 seconds, for 60 iterations. Short term stability was measured over 9 minute intervals, within the long term stability test.
The shorter time scale is comparable to typical closed loop operation times. Stability was measured to be 0.08 nm RMS phase by replacing the MEMS with a flat mirror. Average long term stability of the MEMS was measured as 0.16 nm RMS phase. On the shorter time scale, the system is more stable with an average RMS deviation of 0.13 nm RMS phase for the MEMS, and 0.07 nm RMS phase for the flat mirror. Previous tests had indicated less stability because of errors produced by the MEMS drive electronics that have since been corrected. The figure below is a curve of growth showing that most of the actuators are quite stable. Of the 500 actuators tested, there was 97% stability of better than 0.16 nm RMS over 38 minutes.
Curve of growth for stability data (standard deviation of surface over 60 measurements taken in 38 minutes)
Inter-Actuator Coupling and Influence Function
The type of deformable mirror you have affects how actuators behave with one another. Powered actuators have an influence on their neighboring actuators in certain type of deformable mirrors.
Segmented deformable mirrors
The actual displacement is determined only by the magnitude of the command sent to the actuator. By their nature, segmented deformable mirrors have no inter-actuator coupling.
Continuous deformable mirrors
The actual displacement is determined by:
The magnitude of the command sent to the actuator.
An offset caused by inter-actuator coupling.
The magnitude of this offset is related to the stroke, the actuator spacing, and the relative displacement of adjacent actuators.
As the mirror surface that is directly controlled by an individual actuator is attached to the mirror surfaces over adjacent actuators, the position of those adjacent surfaces negates the full effect of the actuator. The closer the surrounding surfaces are to the actuator’s driven position the greater the coupling.
While quantifying inter-actuator coupling becomes complicated when the adjacent mirror surfaces are at differing positions, it is relatively straightforward when the adjacent surfaces are un-powered.
The BMC deformable mirror architecture allows for local deformation of the mirror membrane with an influence function from 11-25% depending on the specific device design. Influence function, defined as the ratio of the deflection induced on a neighbor of a powered actuator and the maximum deflection of the powered actuator, with all other actuators at half bias, for the three different deformable mirror actuator types is shown below.
These profile measurements of the deformable mirror surfaces at half bias with an actuator pulled down and poked up show the influence functions of these devices to be 15%, 13%, and 22% for the 1.5, 3.5, and 5.5μm stroke deformable mirror actuator types respectively.
Deformable mirror actuators at half bias
with single actuators at 0 and maximum command, respectively
Influence function of a 1.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Influence function of a 3.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Influence function of a 5.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Deflection and pitch
For BMC deformable mirrors, deflection is the distance moved by an actuator from its unpowered state. Due to the architecture, actuators are pulled down when voltage is applied, which is why deflection (height) is represented below in negative values. On the other hand, pitch is the distance between each actuator within a deformable mirror.
Deformable mirror with every other row actuated at maximum command
Maximum inter-actuator stroke of a 1.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Maximum inter-actuator stroke of a 3.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Maximum inter-actuator stroke of a 5.5 μm stroke deformable mirror
Open Loop Control
Boston Micromachines offers open loop calibration for your deformable mirror as an upgrade. This allows you to precisely control the position of your mirror, without the need for a feedback sensor and control algorithm. We provide calibration files specific to your device that allow you to control your deformable mirror without feedback. This is useful in a variety of applications, such as high-resolution microscopy and laser communication.
Due to the method used for creating calibration files, currently we offer open loop calibration for deformable mirrors with up to 492 actuators. Contact us if you would like to purchase the open loop calibration upgrade for your deformable mirror, or if you have any questions about the process.
Open loop calibration file
A calibration file contains the exact voltages necessary for a series of specific actuator deflections over the range of 0 to 1.0 (full stroke). For continuous deformable mirrors, at each deflection the position of the surrounding 8 actuators is also recorded.
Calibration files are used in open loop applications where there is no feedback on actuator deflection. For a specific mirror shape, i.e., an array of desired actuator deflections, the calibration file contains the actuator voltages necessary to drive the deformable mirror to that shape by taking into account both the position of each actuator, and the influence of the surrounding actuators. For deflections between those in the calibration file, the necessary voltages can be interpolated.
The Calibration File is created by Boston Micromachines through interferometric analysis of a single representative actuator and is valid for only that DM-Driver combination. Calibration file names contain the serial number of the DM device to which they apply and have file name extension .mat; these files are stored in a folder within Program Files\Boston Micromachines\Calibration. As installed, the Calibration folder contains a few generic calibration files for demonstrative purposes.


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HI MOUNTAIN INFERNO BLEND JERKY CURE AND SEASONING KIT 204G
Made using dried chipotle peppers, this jerky seasoning will give your jerky a smokey, chilli kick. Warning – Medium to High heat level!
Hi Mountain Jerky Seasonings are renowned for being some of the best Jerky Cure and Seasoning kits. We have an extensive variety of flavours but if you can’t decide, we also have two Variety Packs, each with 5 different flavours.
Use our kits to make jerky from beef, wild game, poultry, fish, or any meat of your choice. This jerky seasoning flavour will season approximately 15lbs or 7kg of meat.

domain: food


Game Developers Conference, San Francisco, Feb. 19, 2008. Intel today officially announced its Skulltrail Dual Socket Extreme Desktop Platform, based on a dual socketed D5400XS desktop motherboard that supports two Intel quad core processors, the most current of which is the Core 2 Extreme QX9775 Compare Prices on Core 2 Extreme Processors. The D5400XS supports either ATI Crossfire or Nvidia SLI multi-card graphics solutions.
See our reviews of the D5400XS-QX9775 combination
|Intel Skulltrail Article Overview|
|Part 1||The Power of 8 Cores|
|Part 2||Overclocking and Power Consumption|
|Part 3||8 vs 4 Core Performance|
"For the team creating world-class games here at id, time is one of our most valuable assets," said Robert A. Duffy, Programming Director, id Software. "Having eight powerful Intel cores in a single machine helps our team create and test our latest titles at record speed. We have seen one of our most time-consuming asset generation processes cut from over 4 hours to under 20 minutes by utilizing all eight cores and threading the generation code. Long term this translates to better games on the market faster than previously possible."
The Intel Core 2 Extreme processor QX9775 is available now at an MSRP of $1,499 each. Estimated street pricing for the Intel Desktop Board D5400XS is $649. Platform components are sold separately. Several enthusiast PC manufacturers plan to offer systems based on this new platform starting today and over the next 30 days, including Armari, Boxx Tech, Digital Storm, Falcon Northwest, Maingear, Puget Systems, Scan, Velocity Micro, Vigor Gaming, Voodoo, @Xi Computers and others.


New theatrical production company hopes to shake up theater scene in Columbus
Ben Redding remembers watching a production of “Rent” at the RiverCenter for the Performing Arts when half of the audience walked out.
Redding, now 28, was in his teens at the time. As a gay man with big theater dreams, the incident drove home a point he’d already known — Columbus wasn’t somewhere he thought he could stay.
“I knew my sexuality was out of the normal realm when I was very young,” he said. “I grew up with that. ...It just didn’t seem like there was a path for me here.”
Redding met Austin Sargent in middle school, and their drama teacher ignited their passion for the stage.
“We were those kids that were like ‘I love musical theater. I do it every day … and I want to be an actor forever,” Redding said. “We were obsessed with it.”
Like Redding, Sargent made plans to leave too.
“I left Columbus because I didn’t see a future in theater here,” Sargent, 25, said.
The men left home and went their separate ways, both pursuing careers in bigger cities. But something didn’t feel right. They were drawn back home in search of something more.
Now, they want to shake up Columbus’ arts scene.
A show from anywhere
Redding and Sargent started the Muddy Water Theatre Project, a theatrical production company that will host shows across Columbus.
The duo said their shows will highlight local artists and entertainers and bring theater to diverse audiences in the city.
They don’t have an office space, a roof or an electric bill. Their shows aren’t confined to one space, and that’s intentional. A Muddy Water play could be performed at a boutique, restaurant, a space in Uptown or anywhere else that gives them a feeling.
That’s the beauty of pop-up theater. The venue can change based on a character, an idea, or an inspiration. For larger shows that require more time and set up, the group feels that they sort of take over and adopt a space.
“Not a lot of places can do something like this because it takes a really awesome community and a really supportive arts network to make this happen,” Redding said.
Redding and Sargent said coming back home and operating a production company wasn’t in their life plans, but things changed.
‘Why would I ever leave?’
Redding was involved with the Springer Opera House, Columbus Ballet and other arts groups when he was younger. But he felt like he had reached a ceiling in Columbus’ theater world. The city, too, didn’t seem welcoming to a gay teenager in the early 2000s.
“I did not see myself really reflected in the culture of Columbus,” he said.
Redding left for theater boarding school in Massachusetts, and he said it changed his life. He went on to graduate from Elon University and spent a year playing his dream role of Riff in Westside Story.
“It was the Broadway tour,” he said. “It was everything I’d ever wanted.”
Redding moved to New York and was auditioning for shows “like crazy,” he said.
But he soon started to wonder if he could keep up. He came to Columbus about three or four years ago to do a show at Springer and eventually decided to move back to the area last summer.
“I was like, ‘Why would I ever leave?’” he said. “I’m traveling the world. I’m doing all this stuff, but I’m not really affecting anything. I’m just, you know, in a cycle. I can come to Columbus. People care enough about it. ... I want to make Columbus the cool town I know it can be.”
Sargent left the Columbus area after high school to attend Viterbo Univesity in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to study musical theater performance and arts administration.
“Everyone I knew was moving to bigger cities because of the diversity of programming, the accessibility of the city and the opportunities that awaited young post-grads,” Sargent said. “I wanted a city culture and an artist culture that looked like me. Somewhere I felt that I fit.”
After graduating college, Sargent moved to Minneapolis, where he was captivated by the city’s vibrant and varied art scene.
“There are theaters that are at the back of a bowling alley, under the library basement or in (a) mother-in-law suite above the garage,” he said. “I fell in love with that style of theater.”
Still, though, he felt unfulfilled.
“I was just answering people’s emails instead rather than being the person who sent out emails,” Sargent said.
Sargent moved back to Columbus in the fall of 2017 and began looking to provide audiences with new artistic experiences.
“I used to be the person that complained about Columbus and would say, ‘There’s nothing to do,’” he said. “Instead of being that person that sits in their apartment and gazes out of the window waiting for something to fall from the sky, I decided to be the person that is going to do something about it.”
Redding and Sargent kept in the touch via social media over the years but they started running into each other once they moved back. Sargent starred in a show produced by Redding in November 2018. They soon began talking about projects they wanted to work on and eventually decided to join forces as Muddy Water.
“We started cooking it up around January or February (2019),” Redding said. “We have both been doing our own thing and we just sort of brought them together.”
How a Muddy Water show comes to life
A successful pop-up is a labor-intensive process, the duo said. Sometimes, they’re bringing someone else’s idea to life. At other points, they’re building their own show from the ground up.
There’s a little less work involved when it’s someone else’s show. For those performances, Redding and Sargent fill in the gaps. That could mean helping with props, ticketing, pricing and other sorts of administrative tasks.
“We like to be hands-off for those because we like to let other people do what they want to do,” Redding said.
For their own productions, Muddy Water handles everything. With the help of production manager Raven Triplett and stage manager Hunter Lewis, the group builds the set, casts the roles, directs the performance and lights the show, Redding said.
“Our big shows are more stationary, and we take over those locations and make them ours,” he said.
The shows presented or produced by the men are primarily geared toward the millennial and Gen-X crowd. Redding said that most of the shows put on in the city now are geared toward families and younger crowds.
“That’s great and all but it doesn’t say anything about our culture really,” he said. “Art as a whole ... has been difficult and striking and conversation starters. ...That’s why we called it Muddy Water. We feel like, generally, in Columbus, we are lacking that diversified programming that it is a little more ... culture-defining. About what we stand for and what we don’t stand for.”
One way to address that is casting, Redding said.
“It’s about content choice, first and foremost, and we really try to be creative about the ways we cast,” he said. “We try to be open-minded about what the best person might look like. ...We’re very much so a group that does color-blind casting, so it’s highly possible that you could come see one of our shows and there’s a family unit … that might all be different races.”
Muddy Water’s first project was “Glass Half Full” in late June. The show starred Nick Rulon as “Grimey the Custodian” and Ansley Lynn as “Mops.” The show covered topics like water conservation, pollution and sustainability. It was performed on the concrete pad on Broadway, between 11th and 12th Street.
“They came up with all the content and we collected some cardboard and painted some cardboard and made a set for them,” Redding said. “It was very cohesive.”
They’ll continue doing pop-up projects like that throughout the year as people continue to pitch them ideas, Redding said.
Their first larger show, called “Three-Act Play,” will run Aug. 22, 23 and 24 at Pop Uptown. Muddy Water will be converting the space into a speakeasy. Each night features three short shows. The first show is Tennessee Williams’ “Pretty Trap.” The second is “Soap Opera” by David Ives. The third is “Drinking Problem” by Theresa Rebeck.
Tickets haven’t been released, but prices are expected to range from $10 for standing room to $100 for VIP. You’ll be able to buy them at Muddy Water’s website. Redding said the group will work out some sort of exchange for those unable to pay for a ticket. Muddy Water is always looking for volunteers.
“We know there are people in Columbus who can afford a $100 ticket and there are people in Columbus that can afford a $10 ticket and its not fair to say that two kinds of people can’t be in the same room,” Redding said.
The shows will also feature two 20 minute intermissions. The breaks are almost as long as the plays by design. It leaves plenty of time for patrons to get a drink or chat and mingle. The event is meant to challenge the typical theater experience.
“You’re used to coming to the show, maybe being there ten minutes before and watching a show and being quiet the whole time,” Sargent said. “With this, we are asking you to get there early so that you can find a nice spot to sit, talk to your friends, see a show and immediately talk about it.”
Those pop-up projects and Muddy Water-produced pieces continue to work to change theater experiences here in Columbus — one of Muddy Water’s primary goals.
“There is more to art than one specific genre,” Sargent said. “We have all the resources to make Columbus a true artist hub, where artists are paid and acknowledged and united together. There could be art in every pocket of this city—there are plenty of incredible artists in this city to make it happen, but we need the community to show up.”


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Spooktacularly cool, this fantastic arrangement of seasonal berries, dried grasses, bleached pods and thorny succulents is the fitting gift to launch a season of long nights. You may also choose the colorful style with vibrant, spicy blooms.
In the NOTES section, please let us know if you'd like the COLORFUL skull or Black & White.
Would you like to add a chocolate? Click here.

domain: artistic


text:
Massive Disneyland Attraction Database
The Belle's Partner's House attraction during construction
Belle's Partner's House
December 29, 1959
Avg. queue length:
Wander through Belle's partner's house, roll around in his diary, and make a wish at his wishing well.
- If traveling with sugar-buzzed children, you may want to put them in some kind of restraint while getting in line.
- If you are visiting with youngsters or the easily impressed, you may want to also visit the adjacent character meet-and-greet place.
Policies and Alerts
- During unseasonal weather, this attraction may be more fun.
- This attraction closes at dawn.
We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your patience.

domain: travel


During the summer months, it only feels natural when your air conditioner simply stops working. After all, that's exactly when you need it the most. These are among the most common issues people face in the summer, and exactly what you can do to address the issues. Read on to learn more about the common issues you could face.
Your Thermostat Doesn't Seem to Work
Do you feel like no matter how you adjust your thermostat, nothing seems to work? Do you not feel any cool air coming out? If so, you need to restart your unit. You might also reset the breaker to see if anything changes. If this does not work, reach out to a professional HVAC technician.
Your Air Is Not Cool Enough
Do you feel like the air simply isn't as cold as you expect it to be? The problem could be that your air filter is dirty and has not been replaced as often as necessary. Dust and debris get in the way and prevent air from reaching you.
You could also have a leak in your pipes, which could allow cool air to escape before it even has the chance to reach you. A professional can assess where any leaks are occurring and how they can be fixed.
Your AC Is Not As Efficient As It Should Be
Your HVAC unit is not always as efficient as you expect it to be, and that shows up on your electricity bill. It could be that your unit is not as maintained as it could be. It may be time to have your unit serviced, including having the dust and debris cleared from vents, filters, and ducts. Regular maintenance keeps your system efficient.
You Hear Startling Noises Coming From Your System
Do you ever hear strange noises emerging from your HVAC system? The sounds are not only unpleasant, but they could also indicate that something more is wrong. The issue could be related to the fan, refrigerant, or compressor. Of course, the noise could be almost anything in the unit, like a loose screw that could make a noise when air whistles by.
With this information, you can ensure that you make the most of your air conditioner in the summer. A technician can come to your house and assess your HVAC system to ensure it is running in the best shape possible. Get in touch with an AC repair technician today to learn more.Share
30 August 2019
Last summer, I began to get extremely hot in my home. My air conditioning system couldn’t adequately keep my home cool anymore. Therefore, I contacted an experienced HVAC contractor. This individual visited my home and thoroughly inspected my unit. If your air conditioner isn’t working like it once did, your air ducts may be clogged up. Thankfully, an expert HVAC contractor can determine if faulty air ducts are the cause of the hot temperatures inside your home. On this blog, you will discover how an HVAC contractor can properly inspect your air ducts. Stay cool and comfortable during the hot summer months!


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The Liskerrett Bus - Early Public Transport Around Liskeard, by Roger Grimley
Published privately by the author, 64 pages. A4 size staple bound booklet (N5316)
This privately published A4 size booklet provides a fascinating history of travel and transport in and around Liskeard in South-East Cornwall, and is illustrated throughout with several small black and white photographs.
From the introduction: Being a pioneer motor 'bus operator in the Liskeard district of Cornwall brought many problems. The vehicles could be temperamental and unreliable, the hilly roads were a challenge and the rough surfaces caused damage. In addition many parts of the district were sparsely populated with the edge of Bodmin Moor to the north and deep farming country elsewhere.
There was also another threat. Many early motor 'bus routes were introduced by local men. During the 1920's the arrival of the Devon Motor Transport Company signalled the start of some very aggressive competition resulting in the demise of many of the pioneers. For the next 50 years Western National, the successor to D.M.T., was the principal operator in the area. However, the increase in private car ownership after the war led to reductions in 'bus services and finally in 1971 western National withdrew many services in South East Cornwall. Local operators, who had concentrated on coach hire, filled the gaps, and once again local people ran the 'buses. The wheel had come full circle.
Liskeard (anciently Liskerrett) is an ancient municipal borough and stannary town about fourteen miles from the western boundary of Cornwall, the River Tamar, and seventeen miles from Plymouth. The name is said to come from "lys" meaning court or seat of Justice, and "Keryt", a local chief or king, suggesting that Liskeard has always been an important local administrative centre.
Early growth was fostered by the wool trade, later it became the main mineral market for south east Cornwall. By the early twentieth century it was a market and mmercial centre serving the elevated but rich and well cultivated countryside of South East Cornwall. In 1921 it had a population of about 4,400.
The town stands on a hill, the summit of which is divided into two eminences. To the east stands the church and churchyard and in the intervening valley and on the other eminence stands the chief or business portion of the town, the centre of which retains the old pattern of streets.
Originally cattle were penned and sold in the street but at the beginning of the twentieth century the market moved to a site off Dean Street. Attracting farmers and buyers from a wide area it was one of the largest in the south west. Fairs were held in October and December, cattle markets on the 2nd and 4th Monday in each month. However, Saturday was the day on which most country people came to town and then carriers' carts from Pensilva, Rilla Mill, Darite, St Cleer and North Hill were to be seen on the Parade in the centre of town. There was no public transport other than the railway on Great Market days as those attending market usually walked their livestock in or out. When motors were introduced 'buses brought country people to market but these services generally lasted as long as it took for farmers to buy cars and by the outbreak of war in 1939 most had ceased. However, on Saturdays large numbers came to town for shopping, recreation and entertainment.
Before and just after the Second World War the main road from Plymouth into south-east Cornwall was by way of the "floating bridge" ferry at Torpoint and along the A38 to Liskeard where traffic passed though the streets in the centre of the town. There was also a junction with the A390 from Tavistock and Callington. Long delays frequently occurred at Torpoint and signs were erected at Liskeard advising motorists to go via Tavistock. After the opening of the Tamar Bridge in 1961, Saltash became the main entry point into the Duchy and subsequently, a by-pass was constructed round Liskeard in the 1970's. This relieved the town of much congestion.
The condition of the booklet is generally very good. The card covers are clean and bright, the staple binding is tight and intact, and all pages are clean, intact, unblemished and tightly bound. There is a small price sticker on the rear side cover.

domain: library


text:
The Patagonian Sea is a globally important ecosystem given its high species diversity and endemism, large biomass and high abundance of apex predators. However, the Patagonian Sea is not pristine and there are many threats to its biodiversity and economic potential, such as invasive species, pollution, overfishing, and bycatch. While there are universities in Argentina that have successful research programs in marine sciences, training in topics of management and conservation are not adequate. Curricula are focused on natural sciences, leaving aside the social science tools that are fundamental to address the human dimensions of conservation and achieve lasting changes in the way humans interact with the environment. Increasingly, it is necessary to rely on professionals with an interdisciplinary perspective and with the capacity to lead collaborative processes that can impact public policy. In addition, given the expansive coast of the Patagonian Sea, there are few opportunities for networking, training and exchange of experiences for those professionals dedicated to marine conservation.
The Young Leaders in Marine Conservation Network (YLMCN), created in 2010, is an attempt to counter these challenges. Its mission is to provide training and strengthen leadership capacity among early career professionals in marine conservation in Chile, Argentina and Uruguay through programming and networking for effective conservation of the coastal marine system of these three countries. Within this framework, the current project aimed to strengthen the network by supporting its fifth conference, the objectives of which were to 1) improve communication skills and effectiveness of network members by offering a training on social science tools, 2) regionalize the network by integrating Chilean and Uruguayan members, and 3) work on a case study in public policy with the local community where the conference was held.
The Fifth Congress of the YLMCN was held during 22-28 September 2014 in Camarones, Chubut, Argentina. Two social anthropologists provided training to network members in social science tools and topics. The training was also open to other key participants selected based on their leadership, commitment and previous impact in the marine conservation arena. Classes in theory and application were offered and network members participated in a field trip to the Southern Interjurisdictional Coastal Marine Park of Patagonia. The first campaign by YLMCN was also carried out during the conference, which included a workshop for parties involved in municipal solid waste management, in an effort to develop a sustainable solid waste management plan. The development of such a plan is of critical importance given the proximity of the municipality to the marine environment.
The conference was a tremendous success and significantly strengthened the network and member capacity. In addition, it allowed for expansion by supporting the participation of new members from the two anticipated partner countries of Chile and Uruguay. ($6,790)

domain: biology


Princess Mako, the eldest granddaughter of Emperor Akihito, and her longtime boyfriend Kei Komuro will meet the press together on Sept. 3 for the announcement of their engagement, the Imperial Household Agency said Thursday.
The announcement had originally been planned for July 8 but the couple decided to postpone it in the wake of damage brought by heavy rain that hit southwestern Japan prefectures earlier in the month.
The agency proposed that the princess and Komuro, both 25 years old, earlier this month set another date for the announcement, while confirming reconstruction efforts in the devastated areas, according to the agency.
The new announcement day was fixed after the adjustment of schedules for the emperor, Empress Michiko, and the princess's parents Prince Akishino and Princess Kiko.
Princess Mako and Komuro met five years ago when they were both students at International Christian University in Tokyo, and Komuro reportedly proposed about a year after they started going out. He currently works at a law firm in the capital.
On the morning of Sept. 3, the emperor is expected to carry out a procedure to approve their marriage. Agency chief Shinichiro Yamamoto will then hold a press conference to announce the couple's engagement after reporting to the emperor and empress, as well as the princess' parents, that he would make the announcement to the public.
It will be the first time for Princess Mako and Komuro to meet the press together.
Their engagement will be formalized through a traditional rite of betrothal called "Nosai no Gi." It will be followed by a number of ceremonies in the run-up to their wedding expected for 2018.
In the case of the emperor's daughter Sayako Kuroda, her engagement announcement was delayed twice due to unexpected events.
The agency originally planned to announce her engagement to Tokyo metropolitan government employee Yoshiki Kuroda in November 2004. But it was postponed to Dec. 18 after a huge earthquake struck Niigata Prefecture. Then Princess Takamatsu, the emperor's aunt, died early on that day, so the engagement announcement was pushed back further to Dec. 30.
The last marriage of a Japanese princess took place in October 2014 when Princess Noriko, a daughter of Emperor Akihito's late cousin Prince Takamado, tied the knot with Kunimaro Senge, the eldest son of the chief priest of Izumo Taisha, a Shinto shrine in Shimane Prefecture.
Princess Mako's marriage would be the first of a naishinno princess, a daughter or granddaughter of the emperor, since Sayako Kuroda's wedding in 2005.
Japan's parliament enacted a law in June to allow the 83-year-old emperor to pass the throne to his elder son Crown Prince Naruhito in what would be Japan's first abdication in two centuries.
The timing of the abdication has yet to be determined, but after the handover of the Chrysanthemum throne, Prince Akishino, Princess Mako's father, is set to become first in line to the throne.
Princess Mako is scheduled to travel to Hungary with Prince Akishino from Saturday on a private trip.


Letter to send evidence after your PIP claim form
Use this template letter if you need to send the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) more supporting evidence after you've sent your PIP claim form.
When you've completed the letter, print it out and send it by post to the address you sent your PIP claim form to. If you can't find the letter with the address on, call the PIP claims helpline on 0800 917 2222 to find out the address. If you haven't got a printer, your local Citizens Advice or public library should be able to help you, but you might have to pay a small charge.
Make sure you attach the evidence securely to the letter so that it doesn't go missing.


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Happy Easter Pillow-Bunny Pin Set
Introducing our first official Easter pillow! I only made a few, so hopefully they will be a hit and I can make more. This adorable set includes the ivory pillow with grey designs and our removable custom made bunny rabbit silver pin. what could be cuter? Or a better gift for your Easter hostess?
Pillow is 18x18 machine washable polyester with a zippered cover.
Easter pillow, Easter décor, Easter gifts, Easter Bunny.


It’s so gratifying to see something published on this site reach someone in a personal and meaningful way — whether they live in Philadelphia or on the other side of the planet.
Hamish Downie, a queer Australian filmmaker living in Japan, connected to the theme of interpersonal abuse that Christian Hill wrote about in his essay from Sept. 14, “Too many LGBT youth depend on abusive relationships for a home.”
Downie wrote in response to share a music video for the song “The Last Time” by Robyn Loau, which he had recently made as an attempt to shine a light on domestic violence in LGBT relationships.
“The simple story,” he wrote, “is that it’s about a lesbian couple who are both trapped in the past and in a toxic, abusive relationship — a real-life hell/purgatory, that’s told in a surrealist way.”
“I’ve actually been sitting on this video for a while, too nervous to release it, because it’s about such a personal experience of mine,” Downie wrote. “I shot this to be creepy and Lynchian, but I’m not sure if this completely fits in the genre. But I did conceive it as a dark nightmare of a story.”
While Hill’s essay is about domestic violence between men in a relationship, Downie’s video features two women. He explains: “I chose to use a lesbian couple, as I wanted to get far away from the idea that this is only a problem for straight men. If I used a gay man, then people would say it was just a male problem (when I know, from a couple of lesbian friends of mine, it is not). So, I hope through using a lesbian couple, [I can show] that this is a problem all of us need to deal with.”
Astute fans of Japanese filmmaking may recognize the visual tribute to old movies like “Tokyo Story.” Downie said he did this “to give the feeling of being trapped in the past.”


text:
UP ministerís 18-yr-old son dies in accident
- As a public figure, you must learn to face criticism: SC tells Jayalalithaa in defamation case
- Rajnath Singh: Those who believe in Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat & Jamhooriyat welcome for talks
- Rohith Vemula was not a Dalit, says probe panel set up by HRD Ministry
- Scorpene Submarine: Will probe leak, says DCNS; source not from India, says Defence Ministry
- Saradha scam: ED summons Chidambaram's wife Nalini
Uttar Pradesh Horticulture and Food Processing Minister Raj Kishore Singh's 18-year-old son Upendra Kumar Singh alias Shubham died when he lost control over the SUV he was driving. The vehicle collided with the parapet of a flyover in Lucknow's Gomti Nagar area on Wednesday morning.
The vehicle, a Tata Safari, which belonged to the minister, was badly smashed in the accident. Upendra, a student of class XII, died on the spot.
The police said the incident occurred due to rash driving. They also suspect Upendra was talking on the cellphone while driving. It is not clear where he was going.
Sub-Inspector Parush Ram Ojha of the Udyan police outpost, who was the first person to reach the spot on getting information from the police control room, said the body was flung out of the vehicle due to the impact.
She sent Brij Kishore Singh, the minister's brother, to bring him back. She also called up Upendra and asked him to come back, but he did not. By the time Brij Kishore reached the spot, it was all over.
As the news of the incident spread, Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav and several ministers visited Singh's residence to console the family.
None in the family was in a condition to talk about why Upendra left home and where he was going.
He said the SUV, which was being driven at high speed, hit the parapet on both sides of the road several times and an electrical pole as it hurtled down the road before stopping in mangled pieces.
Ojha said that, to begin with, there were two more persons in the vehicle, but Upendra reportedly asked them to get down and took over the steering. A short distance later, the tragedy ocurred. The two men informed the family which, in turn, informed the police control room, said Ojha.
- Tension between the executive and judiciary could play out in creative, or destructive, ways
- Mental Health Bill tries to address complex issues, but it’s a work in progress
- Modi’s recent statements could help end the troubled region’s long international isolation
- Divya Spandana: Pakistan is no hell, I stand by my remarks
- The freedom from unreason
- Cow protection, paradoxically, poses a threat to the BJP’s project of Hindu unity

domain: news


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In time for New Year’s Eve parties, just a reminder about consent and boundaries.
Welcome to my virtual therapy room! I am Dr Lori Beth Bisbey and this is Sex Spoken Here. Remember that this podcast deals with adult themes so if you don’t have privacy you might wish to put on your headphones.
Today I am starting my series on risk assessment in relationships with the topic of consent. Consent is the foundation for all sexual agreements and relationships. Some feel the current emphasis on consent is too intense and make fun of the idea of having to ask for permission each step of the way in a sexual encounter. Others feel that we don’t take consent seriously and we make too many assumptions.
Joining me today to discuss this is Kitty Stryker. Kitty Stryker is a Degenderette, writer, queer activist, and authority on developing a consent culture in alternative communities. She was the founder of ConsentCulture.com, a website that ran for 4 years as a hub for LGBT/kinky/poly folks looking for a sex critical approach to relationships, which will be relaunched on 2017. Kitty also cofounded the artsy sexy party Kinky Salon London, as well as being head of cosplay for queer gaming convention GaymerX. Having finished “Ask: Building Consent Culture”, an anthology through Thorntree Press coming out in October, Kitty tours internationally speaking at universities and conferences about feminism, sex work, body positivity, queer politics, and more. She lives in Oakland, California with her wife, boyfriend, and two cats, Foucault and Nietzsche.
We started by talking about issues around consent and the reasons for Kitty starting ConsentCulture.com. Kitty spoke about how hard it is for people to take responsibility and then look at changing behaviour. She spoke about the problems in the alternative sexuality communities when consent violations occur. Often calling the police makes things worse as the police are not necessarily friendly to kinky, LGBT or people of colour. She spoke about the need for communities to come up with a clear plan to resolve these situations that don’t simply involve calling someone out and then isolating that person from the community.
We spoke about how hard it can be to give proper consent when alcohol or drugs are involved. Kitty advises people to consider if they are willing to go to jail for the person and the activity they are about to undertake. She highlights the fact that we all make mistakes in this area and violate consent. It may be as simple as hugging an acquaintance who didn’t want to be hugged or as serious as rape. We spoke about how it can be hard to draw your own boundaries and how this can be especially difficult if you are involved in power exchange.
Kitty spoke about the reasons that people don’t use a safe word even when they should and said that she had done some research that found that often women refuse to do so because they want to please a partner and men are more likely to just want to be seen as tough. She spoke about sitting down and actually looking at how her boundaries had been violated over the years and how she had just brushed this off rather than dealing with the issues. We spoke about things like playing in a public situation and how difficult it is for people to find a way to protect themselves without feeling like they are causing drama in public.
We spoke about the trauma that perpetrators experience and the fact that they too need help to resolve any shame and guilt. Kitty highlighted that when we talk about consent in sexual relationships it is only an opening conversation to discussing all the places in which we need to think about boundaries and consent in society. She highlighted things like consent in medical situations, and where information is shared, and education.
Kitty’s book will come out in October. If you want to pre-order, here is the link: https://www.amazon.com/Ask-Building-Consent-Kitty-Stryker/dp/1944934251/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1497383382&sr=8-1&keywords=ask+building+consent+culture
The website for the book is https://consentculture.com/
Website where stories have been gathered about consent to help deepen understanding https://medium.com/consent-culture-a-conversation
Thanks for joining me for Sex Spoken Here with Dr Lori Beth Bisbey.
Write to me with suggestions for the show, questions you want answered at firstname.lastname@example.org. If there was something you didn’t like, tell me that too! Follow me on twitter @drbisbey, Instagram @drbisbey and Facebook. Check out my YouTube channel: Dr Lori Beth Bisbey. For a free 30-minute strategy session with me, go to https://drloribethbisbey.com and click the button that says Schedule Now! If you enjoyed this podcast, please subscribe and leave a review on iTunes. Sign up to find out more here

domain: psychology


text: The "leeching chemicals argument" is not your concern. Anything you put your brew into is going to leave a little something of itself in your liquid. Glass is no different, or better, in this respect. The amounts and nature of the chemicals are important and for HDPE and PET these are nearly imperceptible and mostly benign. Having studied environmental toxins for the last two decades, I can tell you if you have the proper analytical tools, you can always find something. Fortunately (i think?), you encounter more (and worse) toxins filling up your car than drinking beer or mead brewed in plastic. That said, the bigger concern is that not all plastics form suitable oxygen barriers. Oxidation of your product over the prolonged storage/aging times required of most meads can occur if the plastic is not suited for the task. It would be a shame to wait so long only to be thwarted by a little O2.

domain: chemistry


Video provided by Lansing police shows a suspect slumped on the ground after being Tasered by a police officer. (LANSING POLICE via LANSING STATE JOURNAL)
LANSING — A police officer who Tasered a man after the man had been handcuffed and subdued was suspended without pay for two weeks for violating department policies and procedures, officials said Thursday.
Lansing Police Chief Mark Alley said the incident began early Aug. 16 after police responded to a call of a dispute between Rocky Allred, 43, and a former girlfriend.
Alley said there was a scuffle between Allred and Officer Ryan Smith, a two-year veteran, and that Allred head-butted Smith while Smith tried to handcuff him.
Two other officers subdued and handcuffed Allred, Alley said, and Smith then used his Taser on Allred, causing him to fall to the ground.
According to Lansing Police Department documents, Allred had injuries to his face, including a broken jaw and chipped tooth, and required eight stitches to his chin.
Various charges against Allred later were dismissed.
After an investigation by Michigan State Police, the Ingham County Prosecutor’s Office determined there was no criminal wrongdoing, officials said.
But the department’s Internal Affairs Unit found that Smith “acted outside” the department’s policies and procedures.
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Late summer in New York City brings a return to days with diminishing sunlight. The orange and red tones in the sky begin to appear earlier and earlier with each passing day. Mid-August usually was a time when NYC was flooded with tourists and sunset signaled a rush for people to make dinner reservations, theatre shows or film screenings. With the city continuing to grapple with the effects of the global pandemic, sunset has become a much quieter time.
A collaborative installation titled A Setting by Sara Jimenez and Jason Schwartz at FiveMyles in Brooklyn uses the sunset to offer a visual commentary on life in 2020 NYC. The work occupies an indoor/outdoor building entry and is made up of bands of translucent fabric that create a color gradient mimicking the sky during sunset. You can walk between the fabric bands and be immersed in color inside, or see it glow at night outside from the sidewalk.
A Setting responds to how life in NYC has changed because of COVID. The day’s end marks a time of contrasts between light and dark, positive and negative. It’s a time to recognize the efforts of essential workers and often stage vigils, marches and protests. Then there’s the case counts and death totals which haven’t been good news frequently enough.
Visually, A Setting accomplishes a lot with very little materials. At night it radiates color onto an otherwise quiet residential block in Brooklyn. It brings to mind another fabric installation I was enamored with, the Qiora Spa, an early project by ARO.
Photos and Text: Dave Pinter


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Roland Boutique - TR-09, TB-03 and VP-03
Roland have expanded their Boutique range with the launch of the TR-09 Rhythm Composer, Roland TB-03 Bass Line and the VP-03 Vocoder.
Roland originally launched their Boutique range with a 3 limited edition synths. They have now taken the series into new (or do I mean old) territory with the Roland TR-09 Rhythm Composer, TB-03 Bass Line and VP-03 Vocoder.
For those in the know, the names of these 3 new Roland Boutique additions may instantly tell you where their inspiration lay....
Ok, let's start with the Roland TR-09 Rhythm Composer ...and yes you're right, it takes it cues from the legendary TR-909, the iconic drum machine that has been heard on hundreds of tracks since its original incarnation in the 80s. From Daft Punk to Phil Collins to Radiohead to untold amounts of house and techno producers, the sounds of the 909 are a true piece of musical history. Second hand prices for original TR-909 are understandably through the roof, but the good guys at Roland finally saw fit to re-release the 909 in a new compact, affordable form...welcome to the Roland TR-09.
Another instantly recognisable sound is that of the TB-303 Bass Line - where the new Roland TB-03 takes inspiration. Originally launched in the early 80s, it wasn't actually until the mid-to-late 80s where house music took the magical little box, adopted its unique 'liquid' sound and created an acid house movement! Heard in various forms of music, not just house, the TB-303 has been used by the likes of The Prodigy and producer David Holmes, FatBoy Slim even had a track called “Everybody Needs A 303"!
Finally we have the Roland VP-03, a miniture version of one of the best-selling vocoders of all time, the Roland's VP-330 Vocoder Plus. The VP-03 utilizes Roland's ACB technology to deliver a classic take on a legendary instrument - blending synthesized sounds with the human voice to produce vocoder sounds.
All three models are packed into the 'Boutique' compact form, giving you access to a range of classic instruments at an affordable price with some handy modern day appointments and tweaks.
Check out the video below to see and hear all three in action:
19th September 2016

domain: hobby


The next Meizu smartphone is finally revealed. No, there is still no Meizu ZERO button-less and port-less phone. That one is only a concept even if it was already listed for pre-order on Indiegogo. Following the Meizu Note 9 is the Meizu 16s. We’ve seen this before as image renders appeared online. This particular Android phone also follows the Meizu 16X from last year as part of the mid-range category. The Meizu 16s doesn’t promise any bezel-less display because bezels are still there.
The Meizu 6S is considered a high-end phone because of the almost premium specs but the price remains affordable. That’s what makes these Chinese OEMs more popular each day: premium phones at affordable prices.
Meizu’s newest Android smartphone comes with a large 6.2-inch Samsung AMOLED screen with 2232 × 1080 pixel resolution, 20MP selfie camera with HDR support, Qualcomm Snapdragon 855, 6GB or 8GB RAM, 128GB onboard UFS 2.1 storage, and a 3600mAh battery with 24W mCharge technology. The phone runs on Flyme 7.3 based on Android 9 Pie.
Dimensions are 151.9mm x 73.4mm x 7.6mm while the phone weighs 165g. Expect a 2.5D touch panel and a 3D glass back cover. Color options include Pearl White, Carbon Black, and Phantom Blue Glossy.
We’re not sure why Meizu still opted for such display because a camera hole screen is already available. But then again we understand it’s only a budget phone. Interestingly, it already comes with an on-screen fingerprint sensor. When it comes to imaging, there are AI optimizations, Dual Super Night Scene Mode, the 48MP Sony IMX586 sensor. Of course, the 20MP wide-angle selfie camera is an important feature.
The phone boasts 128GB onboard storage which should be enough because there is no microSD card slot. There is no memory expansion nor a headphone jack.
Price tag of the 6GB RAM Meizu 16s reads 3,198 RMB ($476). The 8GB RAM model costs 3,498 RMB ($520). An 8GB RAM version with 256GB storage will be available for 3,998 RMB ($595) in China only.


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Seeds from genetically modified barley vegetation are being utilized in a course of which creates lab-grown meat.
A protein within the seeds, referred to as a development issue, is harvested, milled and purified earlier than it may be used.
Whereas the primary development components got here from animals, it’s hoped this barley plant methodology might be cheaper and scalable.
Analysis at Orf Genetics is now on-going to search out out which barley produces the perfect development components.
BBC Click on’s Spencer Kelly experiences.
See extra at Click on’s web site and @BBCClick

domain: agronomy


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Kerala Training Division has introduced the dates for the Kerala Public Exams 2023. The SSLC, Class 10 examination in Kerala is scheduled to be held from March 9, whereas plus two (Class 12) examination might be carried out from March 10. The SSLC examination might be held from March 9 to 29, whereas the Plus two examination is scheduled from March 10 to 30
As per the bulletins made by Kerala Pareeksha Bhavan and Directorate of Larger Secondary Training, DHSE, college students would even be showing for mock exams for SSLC and DHSE Plus 2 exams.
Kerala Public Exams 2023: Vital Dates
Kerala SSLC Mock Exams- February 27 to March 3
Kerala SSLC Exams 2023- March 9 to 29
Kerala DHSE Plus 2 Mock Exams- February 27 to March 3
Kerala DHSE Plus 2 Sensible Exams- February 1 onwards, Vocational Stream – February 25 onwards.
Kerala DHSE Plus 2 Exams 2023- March 10 to 30
Analysis begins- April 3 onwards.
Outcome anticipated by- By Could 25
Based on the official, the analysis course of for SSLC, plus 2 exams might be held from April 3. The official has additionally shared the element exams schedule for each the SSLC, plus two exams. The Kerala Pareeksha Bhavan will conduct the sensible exams from February 1 onwards and mock exams from February 27 onwards. The sensible exams might be continued until February 25 and mock exams until March 3. Over 4.5 lakh college students are scheduled to seem for the Kerala SSLC tenth Exams.
Learn | Karnataka SSLC Board Examination 2023 From April 4, Tentative Date Sheet Out
The Kerala Training Division additionally plans to launch the Kerala SSLC Outcome and DHSE Plus 2 Outcome by Could 25. The analysis course of is predicted to start from April 3 onwards. The SSLC, plus two exams schedule might be launched quickly on the websites- sslcexam.kerala.gov.in and keralapareekshabhavan.in.
In the meantime, the Kerala Board SSLC exams have been carried out offline from March 31 to April 29 earlier this 12 months. The Kerala Board was among the many solely few college training board to have held the examination offline amidst the disruption attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. Regardless of challenges, the board recorded a passing proportion of 99.47, recording a bounce from the success charge of 2020. A complete of 98.8 % of scholars had cleared Kerala SSLC exams in 2020.
Learn all of the Newest Training Information right here


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25 January 2019
The International Labour Organization (ILO) joined Kyrgyzstan’s 100 Days Against Trafficking in Persons National Campaign which took place in September – December 2018. In the course of the campaign, representatives of the ILO which will mark its centenary year called upon the youth activists and government officers to take a more active stance in promoting the fight against the worst forms of child labour and forced labour.
24 January 2019
On January 24, 2019 a meeting to refine the 2019-2024 Action Plan for preventing children’s involvement in the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) was held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The working group was formed in May 2018 as part of the 2017-2027 Family Protection and Children Support Programme to be implemented by the Kyrgyz Government.
14 December 2018
2018 has been a significant year in advancing fundamental principles and rights at work. Working with governments, social partners and communities, the ILO FUNDAMENTALS Branch has helped those who cannot organize and bargain collectively, those suffering from discrimination, and those who are trapped in child labour and forced labour. There is much more to be done, and we look forward to accelerating progress and coordinating action towards our common goals over the coming years.
Forced and child labour
22 November 2018
International Labour Organization monitors say that forced labour during the cotton harvest in Uzbekistan has been significantly reduced. As in previous years child labour is no longer a concern.
20 November 2018
Tackling Child Labour
27 September 2018
New ILO UK-funded programme will concentrate on the worst forms of child labour in South Asia.
26 September 2018
New partnership focuses on global supply chains in agriculture and mining.
International Labour Standards
21 September 2018
The Government of Cook Islands has deposited with the International Labour Office the instruments of ratification for two ILO Conventions: C144 on the Tripartite Consultation (International Labour Standards) and C182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour, which have now been formally registered
Our impact, their voices
21 September 2018
On the eve of International Week of the Deaf we profile a deaf Zambian man who, with ILO help, escaped child labour and discrimination and built a successful career as a teacher in the US.
Value Chain Analysis: Joint Project for Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Kyrgyzstan
20 September 2018
The JIA Business Association and the International Labour Organization are joining efforts to implement a pilot project in Kyrgyzstan to empower vulnerable families and eliminate the worst forms of child labour.

domain: sociology


text:
Silver Swirl: Hey Bow, you still have time for the fake lashes?
White Bow: Shut up Stripe Butt.
”I can give you the wings you want so much.
Just give me some of your lovely hair and you can explore the sky~
Do we have a deal?”
(Drawn ‘Ask’ I sent out to Silver Glow.. Because I have too much time… )
for you :)
-submitted by amber-the-alicorn
Princess Silver Swirl
This tumblr - you guys really need to follow this one. GOOD stinking art. o_O
She came with her own tiara, I didn’t have to think up a hat! ^3^
-submitted by timelessreference
I feel like it’s my birthday with all these drawings o,O
A gift for http://princesssilverswirl.tumblr.com
I absolutely love the design of this G2 pony, and her personality is pretty unique! I suggest you all who haven’t followed this blog to follow it, quick!
Hope you like this crappy traditional drawing dear..!;v;
Oh yeah and there’s some text up there, it reads:
“The worst part of holding the memories is not the pain, but the loneliness. Memories need to be shared.”
((It’s not crappy it’s beautiful!


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Armed with the single “Highway Tune” that just claimed the #1 position at Active and Mainstream Rock radio, 3.8-milllon Spotify plays, just shy of 2-million YouTube views, Leg One of the band’s U.S. tour completely sold out, and all tickets for the band’s three Los Angeles dates set for October already long gone, Greta Van Fleet announces the band’s fourth and final Los Angeles concert for 2017, Friday, October 30 at The Troubadour. Tickets go on sale this Friday, September 8 at 10AM PT – go to www.gretavanfleet.com for all purchasing information.
Greta Van Fleet’s Los Angeles dates are as follows:
19 The Troubadour SOLD OUT
20 Moroccan Lounge SOLD OUT
29 The Troubadour SOLD OUT
30 The Troubadour on sale Friday, 9/8
ABOUT GRETA VAN FLEET
Greta Van Fleet is four young musicians, brothers Josh (vocals), Jake (guitar) and Sam (bass/keys) Kiszka, and best friend Danny Wagner (drums). Josh and Jake have just turned 21, Danny and Sam are 18. They’re all from the tiny Michigan hamlet of Frankenmuth known for its family-style chicken dinners and the world’s largest Christmas store. All four were raised on their parents’ extensive vinyl collections (shared influences are Muddy Waters, Lightnin’ Hopkins, The Who, Jimi Hendrix), and were encouraged to be creative, daring and innovative. Each band member has killer musical chops and Josh has a voice that is simply jaw-dropping. The band is making some of the most exciting, high-energy, sweaty, sexy rock’n’roll heard in a long time, and are bound and determined to bring real rock’n’roll back to the mainstream.


The second trailer of Anurag Kashyap's magnum opus, 'Bombay Velvet' was unveiled on Monday. One of the most anticipated films of the year, the first trailer had created a lot of buzz and the second one is even more exciting.
Recently, the music of the film was also released online which received a lot of appreciation from the music lovers for its 60s vibes and jazzy feel. Fox Star Hindi posted the video on its Twitter and Facebook page and wrote, "The 60's are calling & The #BigShot is waiting for you. The all new second trailer of #BombayVelvet out now. In theaters 15 May."
Bombay Velvet' is a romantic thriller, set against the background of ambition, love, greed and jazz. It is the story of a street fighter, Johnny Balraj (Ranbir Kapoor) who goes against all odds and forges his destiny to become a ‘Big Shot’. Unfortunately, his dream becomes everyman's nightmare with the entry of a jazz singer Rosie Noronha (Anushka Sharma) and media baron, Kaizaad Khambata (Karan Johar) into his life.
'Bombay Velvet', produced by Phantom Films and presented by Fox Star Studios, is slated to hit the big screens on 15th May.
Watch the second theatrical trailer here-
Bombay Velvet: Trailer 02
The 60's are calling & The #BigShot is waiting for you. The all new second trailer of #BombayVelvet out now. In theaters 15 MayPosted by Fox Star Hindi on Monday, April 27, 2015


text: Scorpionism (scorpion sting) is a major public health issue in many regions of the world. Globally, 1.2 million scorpion stings happen annually, specifically in the tropical regions. Mortality due to these venomous stings is serious health problem in absence of suitable medication. Awareness of this problem is fundamental for preventive measures. Scorpion venom is composed of water, mucosa, enzymes, free amino acids, biogenic amines, neurotoxins, low molecular weight peptides, and proteins having maximum molecular activities. Neurotoxins are potent and are highly selective ligands for voltage-gated sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium ion channels. Therefore, they depict interesting compounds for the development of novel drugs, for example, drugs for cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and analgesics. Scorpion venom has apoptogenic, cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative effects. Therefore, scorpion venom can be utilized against various cancers like glioma, leukemia, human neuroblastoma, brain tumor, melanoma, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. This review explains the details of toxin receptor interactions and provides details about opportunities for the development of peptide-based therapeutics.

domain: literature


text:
Jorge A. Astudillo Gálvez, Agricultural Engineer from the University of Chile, Diploma in Olive Oil Production at the same university. He has been tied to the olive oil industry for seventeen years, participating in the design, implementation and development of production processes. Currently, he is the Production Manager of the company Agroindustrial Valle Arriba SpA, where he is in charge of its productive units. Among them is a 400-hectare organic olive grove (NOP).
OLIVE GROWING IN CHILE
Chile currently has around 25,000 hectares of olive trees for oil production, along 1,000 kilometers (between 27° and 38° South Latitude), distributed among different regions, each with its own soil and climatic characteristics. There is a selection of cultivars, which came to replace traditional varieties used mainly as pollinators of table varieties (empeltre and racimo). The most relevant varieties of the current Chilean olive growing correspond to arbequina, arbosana, koronieki frantoio, leccino, picual, coratina, among others. All of them come from the Mediterranean.
The groves planted at the end of the nineties began to bear their first fruits that were the basis of the productive and quality that stands out in the world today. In the first years of production, the olive sector presented numerous transformations, among the most important was the consolidation of the guild gathered in Chile Oliva in 2005. This is the association that brought together more than 90% of olives, oil and packaging producers. Also that year the amendment to Law 19,039 on Industrial Property was enacted, which contained the matters relating to the designation of origin and geographical indications of agricultural products in its articles, which only at the end of 2017 would achieve the first concrete action with olive oil producers in the area of Huasco. As part of its initial activities, the association submitted the preliminary text to the Ministry of Agriculture and a study of the draft law on the «Production, Processing and Marketing of Chilean Olive Oil and Olive Pomace Oil,» a law that has not seen the light of day for more than a decade.
By 2008, the country had a wide range of production scales, ranging from plantations of half a hectare to producers with more than a thousand hectares, where new production technologies were used, aimed at optimizing resources. At the same time, concepts of precision agriculture, organic crops, super-intensive plantations combined with intensive, mono- or multi-varietal, with technified irrigation systems, in pebbled soils, with mechanized harvesting systems, HACCP-certified oil mills, were some of the indicators of a growing national industry.
There was a notable break in the evolution of the industry in the period 2002-2019 and that corresponds to the definitive entry of the super-intensive cultivation system, which beyond the agricultural components, such as planting systems, pruning and harvesting, modified the way of handling the business. Until 2005, the projects that were being executed considered cultivation units no larger than 200 hectares, with an oil mill and brand development. The objective of these undertakings was to position this new quality product in the different consumer markets from oil bottled at origin, made from their own olives. A couple of cases in particular focused on sales at a local level, mainly substituting Spanish, Italian and Greek oil imports, and this had great success, managing to cover more than 90% of the domestic market. As of 2005, there are around a dozen oil mills distributed in the fourth and seventh regions. Later, with the entry of the super-intensive systems, the business model was modified, as it allowed for the entry of bulk products, which replaced the initial supply. Currently, there are about thirty olive oil mills, and most of them self-supplied with olives from their own groves. There are some oil mills, especially in the Norte Chico, which receive olives from third parties, providing maquila services.
If we analyze Chile in the present and we project ourselves for future, the same threats associated to climate change and the advance of desertification, could generate an opportunity for the industry, since the olive tree could be the natural replacement of crop species that require a lot of water. It has become clear that the olive tree is capable of withstanding long periods of drought, returning to normal production once the irrigation cycles have resumed. Given the shortage of labor, the olive tree is highly mechanisable in super-intensive systems, both in pruning and harvesting, two of the tasks that require a lot of work for their execution.
Per capita consumption in large importing countries like Brazil, the United States, China, as well as in Chile’s domestic consumption, is far from matching traditional producing countries like those in the Mediterranean, which could become a real opportunity once the post-pandemic economic problems the world is going through begin to cease. Once consumers start using olive oil in their daily dishes, they will hardly ever use other vegetable oils for their meals again.
Chilean oil must get back to adding value, for which it will need sustained quality over time, stability in production, control of its expenses, education on the benefits of EVOO, and greater production volume in order to satisfy the demand of importing countries, where it almost imperceptibly participates with less than 0.6% of the oil produced worldwide.


text:
Library Assistant - Up Hatherley
This job is closed and is displayed for reference only.
Salary:£18,065.00 - £19,171.00
Employment Type:Fixed Term
Location:Up Hatherley Library, Hulbert Crescent, Caernarvon Road, Cheltenham - GL51 3BW
Closing date:09 July 2018 at midnight
Fixed term for 18 months
Salary per annum, pro rata
We are currently looking for a member of staff to help us deliver excellent customer service at Up Hatherley Library. You will need good digital skills, enjoy working as part of a team, yet still able to use your own initiative and be able to use our resources in order to answer the wide range of enquiries we receive.
You will promote the library and children’s services, participate in any activities and maintain a good knowledge of the library services in order to help customers get the most from their Library.
This posts includes Saturday working.
For an informal discussion about the role please contact Andy Stewart - firstname.lastname@example.org or call 01242 863010
Gloucestershire County Council is committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people or vulnerable adults and expects all staff and volunteers to share this commitment.
We value diversity in our workforce and positively welcome applications from all sections of the community.
It is a legal requirement, under the Immigration Act 2016, that anyone appointed to a ‘customer facing role’ must be able to demonstrate an ability to fulfil all spoken aspects of the role with confidence in fluent English.
Below you will also find links to the Job Profile and Guidance Notes. Click ‘Apply’ to continue.
Only if you have difficulty accessing the information published online should you contact GCC Appointments & People Sourcing Team by telephone 01452-425888 or e-mail to ContactUs@gloucestershire.gov.uk quoting the vacancy reference number above.


text:
Microsoft will sell Samsung’s newest Android-powered phones, the Galaxy S8 and S8+, in its brick-and-mortar stores next month.
The phones can be pre-ordered now at Microsoft’s retail outlets — but not online — and will also be available for purchase in the stores beginning April 21, Samsung’s release date for the new, larger models. Microsoft’s prices will be the same as Samsung’s: $750 for the Galaxy S8, $850 for the S8+.
But the Galaxy S8 and S8+ phones sold by Microsoft will not be identical to those offered elsewhere. “A Microsoft customization is applied when the devices are unboxed and connected to Wi-Fi,” a Microsoft spokeswoman said in an emailed statement. “This customization ensures customers a best-in-class productivity experience with Microsoft applications such as Office, OneDrive, Cortana, Outlook and more.”


What condition(s) must be true for a rigid body to be in equilibrium? Select all correct choices. A. The sum of the forces on the object must be zero. B. The sum of the torques on the object must be zero C. Its angular momentum must be zero. D. Its mechanical energy must be zero.
100% (2 ratings)


text:
Top Travel Destinations of South India
South India is regarded as one of the most popular travel spot in India and is home to some of the most amazing travel destinations. South India has a wide range of travel attractions in offer and due to varied travel attractions a lot of travelers from different parts of the world visit South India. The ancient temples, churches, mosques, forts, hill stations, beaches, villages, waterfall etc all makes south India a major travel hub in India.
South India covers different Indian states such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh and all these 4 states have different languages, culture, food, landscapes and climate which offers a unique travel experience. These states have various top class travel destinations and attractions that are sure to provoke great enthusiasm among the travelers. Here I will like to point out some of the top travel destinations in South India and the list is not from any particular sources and I have gathered it from my knowledge and referring other websites. So here go some of the top travel destinations in South India for you to visit.
Ooty which is also known as Ootacamund or Udhagamandalam is a perfect hill station destination in the Nilgiri hills that is seen in the state of Tamil Nadu. The blue moutains surrounding the hill station makes it more beautiful and attracts a lot of travelers on a daily basis. A perfect destinations for honeymoon and family vacation trips, Ooty is also home to adventure activities, trekking, sightseeing, botanical gardens etc. As with any of the typical hill stations of India, Munnar is also blessed with a cool weather throughout the year and this is yet another reason why it remains beautiful and attracts too many travellers regularly.
Kodaikkanal is yet another major hill station in Tamil Nadu and is a major tourism center in Dindigul district. Kodaikanal is often referred to as the "Princess of Hill Stations". This beautiful hill station offers an enchanting boating experience along the Kodaikanal Lake that is present at the hill station. Trekking, sightseeing, temple visits, shopping etc makes this hill station a perfect vacation travel destination in India. With its amazing natural beauty and resources, Kodaikanal is undoubtedly among one of the most favorite travel destinations in South India.
Kovalam is one of the most beautiful beaches in Kerala and a popular vacation travel destination in South India. Kovalam is very near to Kerala's Capital City, Thiruvananthapuram and is one of the best places to enjoy a great beach vacation with family and friends. The Kovalam beach is regarded as one of the prime beaches in Kerala and has also become one of the trademark destination for Kerala's tourism industry. The popularity of Kovalam beach attracts a good number of travelers from across the world and the beach is marked for its amazing beach resorts and Ayurvedic spas. Do visit this amazing beach destination in India when you visit Kerala.
Hyderabad is the Capital City of Andhra Pradesh and is one of the most exotic travel destinations in South India and ranks among the major IT cities in India. The city is marked for the remains of the Mughal Empire and this is evident from the ancient forts, mosques and other historical building inside the city. The city is a center of culture and you will be able to feel and enjoy the unique culture that prevails inside the city. This is one of the best places for those interested in history and for those having an appetite for shopping and dining. There are also a lot of locations that are rich in natural and scenic beauties and have proved effective in attracting a large number of tourists regularly.
Mysore is an enchanting tourist destination located in the Chamundi hills in Karnataka and is bonded with a great history. Mysore was the major base of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan during the late 18th century. Mysore city is commonly known as the Cultural Capital of Karnataka due to the achievements Mysore has earned in arts and culture. Mysore is well known for its palaces, parks, festivals etc which attracts a large chunk of travelers. Mysore is considered as one of the most recommended travel destinations in South India and is also a popular center of interest.
Chennai is the capital city of Tamil Nadu and a major travel tour destination in South India. A major IT destination in India, Chennai is marked for its amazing culture and atmosphere which attracts a lot of travelers. Beaches, temples, parks and other historical buildings mark Chennai as a must to visit vacation destination in South India. Chennai is also a major art and culture center where you will be able to experience different art forms. Also an ideal destination for shopping, as a lot of traditional and non-traditional are available at reasonable prices in the major markets. The city of Chennai considered suitable for travellers from any parts of the world as it both urban and rural travel places to watch out for.
Have You Ever Visited Any of the Mentioned Travel Destinations of South India
Munnar is also known as the "Kashmir of the South" and considered as a major hill station and travel destination in South India. Known for its amazing landscape beauty, The beautiful hills of Munnar is a perfect honeymoon destination as well as a travel spot for those who would like to take a break from the busy life in cities. Tea plantations, Churches, trekking, sightseeing, wildlife watching etc are some of the major attractions that one will be able to experience in Munnar. As with any other hill stations in South India, Munnar is also considered as an ideal place to visit atleast once in your lifetime and is also well known for its amazing cool climatic conditions.
Bangalore, the Capital City of Karnataka is India's number one IT hub and a major tourist destination in South India. Bangalore is one of the best metro cities in India and is home to a good number of travel destinations and attractions. Historic buildings, palaces, parks, shopping malls, metro rail etc are some of the major attractions of Bangalore. A best place to spend time with your family and friends and to have fun and entertainment.
Hampi is a cool and serene travel location in Karnataka and this amazing village is noted for its scenic beauty and cool climate. A group of ruined temples and monuments are present in Hampi which are credited as UNESCO World Heritage Site and the ruined remains are also listed as Groups of Monuments at Hampi.Temples, monuments, hills, river and other heritage buildings makes Hampi a special tour location in Karnataka. A splendid place to spend your time with friends and family for a better travel experience.
Kochi is the commercial hub of Kerala and is one of the most upcoming cities in South India. A lot of travel destinations are present in and around Kochi and the major travel attractions include beaches, backwaters, rivers, heritage buildings, Temples, Churches etc. You can also see a group of islands near Kochi to where you can take a boat trip to see more of the islands. An ideal travel destination to spend your time with friends, relative and family.
So the above mentioned places are some of the best travel destinations of South India based on my opinion and note that this is not an official list. It is just based on what I have analyzed personally and might change depending on different individuals. But anyhow, the above places are something worth visiting on your trip to south India next time.

domain: geography


View Full Version : Air Pump For Holding Tank
07-21-2012, 04:13 AM
I have a sewage plant at my home an it has an air pump, would installing an air pump on my holding tank help in any way.
07-21-2012, 09:58 PM
Yes, they work great. Peggie Hall, who moderates this part of the forum, speaks highly of the Groco Sweettank system. It's basically an air pump. An expensive air pump, but an air pump nonetheless.
07-23-2012, 09:34 AM
I thought Peggy retired.
Hope I am the one that is wrong.
I was reading on this and I think I could make a very similar set up using this http://www.amazon.com/Marine-Metal-Products-Bubbles-Aeration/dp/B000EYWNVQ/ref=pd_sim_sbs_sg_6 . It is intended for aeration, so I would think long periods of use should not hurt it, and this would not be a critical health/safety system so I think the savings are justified. I will have to be able to install my own wiring/tubing/fittings/vents but this is something I am capable of. I think the benefits would be obvious (lack of smell) and appreciated. Have any of you tried a "diy" for this application. I would like to know how it worked out/pictures/drawings.
09-25-2012, 02:45 PM
Tony is right that Peggy retired. I should have used past tense when I mentioned what she had said. If memory serves, she also said that Groco went through some 5 years of the trial and error that companies call research and development before they created a tube that disperses bubbles in the tank but doesn't clog. I also think I remember that Groco promptly patented their tubing design. I guess that's what you're buying when you pay the high price for their system. But there is nothing wrong with a little trial and error of your own so long as you have a big enough vent to keep your tank from exploding when you pump air into it. You might have good enough tank access that you could use one of those little air stones like you see in an aquarium and just replace it every trip. Even going without anything to disperse bubbles should be better than no pump at all. If an air pump if for you, I would give it a try.


text:
When all is well, our brain is the greatest supercomputer on earth. A complex network of about 100 billion neurons, it’s not only great at processing and organizing information — it’s really, really fast. Every second, somewhere between 18 and 640 trillion electric pulses are zipping through your brain. This matrix carefully encodes and stores your memories and experiences, collectively making up the unique mosaic of you.
But what happens when a shock disrupts this system? And why is it that this shock or trauma can linger in the body and mind, affecting your health for years to come?
Topic Of Discussion
Trauma Isn’t Just In Your Head
The truth is that trauma is not just “in your head”. It leaves a real, physical imprint on your body, jarring your memory storage processes and changing your brain.
Untreated past trauma can have a big impact on your future health. The emotional and physical reactions it triggers can make you more prone to serious health conditions including heart attack, stroke, obesity, diabetes, and cancer, according to Harvard Medical School research.
Additionally, the risk of developing mental and physical health problems increases with the number of traumatic events you’ve experienced. “For example, your risk for problems is much higher if you’ve had three or more negative experiences, called adverse childhood experiences (ACEs),” says Harvard research scientist Andrea Roberts.
From outward appearances, a trauma survivor may look whole and healthy, but trauma can fester like an invisible wound, weakening the body’s defenses until it manifests in the form of an illness.
So what changes when we experience trauma? And where is it stored in the body?
What Happens When We Experience Trauma
Let’s take a look at what happens to our supercomputer when it experiences a shock.
Trauma can cause our memory processing system to malfunction: the declarative explicit memory system fails, so the traumatic memory isn’t logged and stored properly.
Instead, our brain subverts to a simpler method of recording signals and encodes traumatic memories as pictures or body sensations. This is called dissociation: memories are split into fragments. These remain embedded in the mind like shrapnel, impeding the brain’s natural recovery process. Malicious fragments can manifest as symptoms commonly associated with post-traumatic stress and increase our risk of becoming seriously physically ill.
Traumatic stress can visibly change the brain. The three parts of the brain responsible for processing stress can change when people suffer from PTSD:
- The hippocampus shrinks — this is the centre for emotion and memory
- The amygdala function increases — the centre for creativity and rumination
- The prefrontal/ anterior cingulate function decreases — the centre for more complex functions like planning and self-development
Like a virus in our encoding system, unprocessed traumatic memories can become sticking points that cause our mental and physical processes to malfunction. Early evidence of cellular memory shows that it’s not just our brain, but our body’s cells that could hold an imprint of past traumatic events.
Why Is Trauma Stored In The Body
Because our bodies and emotions can only safely handle a limited amount of stress, trauma results whenever an experience exceeds our abilities to handle and cope with its consequences. The energy of the trauma is stored in our bodies’ tissues (primarily muscles and fascia) until it can be released. This stored trauma typically leads to pain and progressively erodes a body’s health.
Emotions are the vehicles the body relies on to find balance after a trauma. Feelings represent the accumulation of incomplete events and the body’s attempt to complete them. By strengthening our inner resources, we are capable of processing these feelings, releasing stored traumas, and increasing our ability to handle stress with greater ease.
When trauma occurs, our bodies activate a protective mechanism. A stressor that is too much for a person to handle overloads the nervous system, stopping the trauma from processing. This overload halts the body in its instinctive fight or flight response, causing the traumatic energy to be stored in the surrounding muscles, organs and connective tissue.
Whenever we store trauma in our tissue, our brain disconnects from that part of the body to block the experience, preventing the recall of the traumatic memory. Any area of our body that our brain is disconnected from won’t be able stay healthy or heal itself. The predictable effect of stored trauma is degeneration and disease.
Memory Beyond The Brain
There is ample scientific evidence proving memory storage in locations other than the brain abound. Three examples of the body containing extraordinary memory capabilities are:
- Immune system response is enhanced by memory T-cells maintaining information about previous attacks by specific foreign antigens.
2. Muscle memory improves the ability of top class sports people and musicians to perform optimally even under extreme pressure.
3. Genetic research has demonstrated that the matrix composing our body’s cells (DNA) possess a complex information storage system.
When considering the vastness of our body’s intelligence, it is no wonder that our muscles and fascia are capable of holding memories.
So What Do We Do About It
The good news is that past trauma doesn’t have to affect you for life. It’s a treatable problem and help is out there.
Therapy can help in unlocking or processing the traumatic memories, releasing them from being trapped in your system. When the traumatic memory is reintegrated in the mind, the brain can begin to heal.
Meditation and physical activity, such as yoga, also deliver real results in this release and can help the healing process.
One Trauma Centre study on PTSD treatment found that “yoga was far more effective than any medicine that people have studied up to now. That doesn’t mean that yoga cures it, but yoga makes a substantial difference in the right direction.”
Releasing trauma from the mind and body can have incredibly powerful consequences. PhD Kelly Turner extensively studied terminally ill cancer patients who beat their disease against all expectations. She found that people in spontaneous remission often cited releasing emotional stress or trauma as a key component of their healing. “You don’t have to be stuck,” says Harvard psychiatry professor Dr Kerry Ressler, “there is a good chance that you can move past this.”
Our body may ‘keep the score’ (see Bessel van der Kolk’s book of the same name), but its incredible ability to heal makes it the most interesting framework behind the human condition. As Helen Keller said, “Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it.”
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress and it’s impacting your daily life, it may be time to seek help. Tri-Star Counseling, LLC offers help to individuals experiencing symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other traumatic stress symptoms.

domain: medical