text:
Magnesium supplementation in children
with attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder
Farida El Baza, Heba Ahmed AlShahawi, Sally Zahra
, Rana Ahmed AbdelHakim
Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Received 20 May 2015; accepted 27 May 2015
Available online 7 July 2015
Abstract Background: Attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevel-
opmental disorder with associated mineral deﬁciency.
Aim: To assess magnesium level in ADHD children and compare it to the normal levels in
children. Then, to detect the effect of magnesium supplementation as an add on therapy, on
magnesium deﬁcient patients.
Methods: The study was conducted on 25 patients with ADHD and 25 controls. All subjects had
magnesium estimation in serum and hair. ADHD children were further assessed by Wechsler
intelligence scale for children, Conners’ parent rating scale, and Wisconsin card sorting test.
Then magnesium deﬁcient patients were assigned into 2 groups, those who received magnesium,
and those who did not. The difference between the studied groups was assessed by Conners’ parents
rating scale and Wisconsin card sorting test.
Results: Magnesium deﬁciency was found in 18 (72%) of ADHD children. The magnesium
supplemented group improved as regards cognitive functions as measured by the Wisconsin card
sorting test and Conners’ rating scale. The patients reported minor side effects from magnesium
Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation in ADHD, proves its value and safety.
Ó2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Ain Shams University. This is
an open access article underthe CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Attention-deﬁcit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a com-
mon, early-onset and enduring neuropsychiatric disorder
characterized by developmentally inappropriate deﬁcits in
attention, hyperactivity, increased impulsivity and emotional
deregulation, resulting in impairments in multiple domains of
personal and professional life .
Evidence for dietary/nutritional treatments of attention-def
icit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) varies widely; however
recommended daily allowance of minerals and essential fatty
acids is an ADHD-speciﬁc intervention .
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the
body and is essential for good health . Its biological
importance evolves from being an essential trace mineral
involved in over 300 metabolic reactions including cellular
E-mail addresses: firstname.lastname@example.org (F. El Baza), hebaelshahawi
@yahoo.com (H.A. AlShahawi), email@example.com (S. Zahra),
firstname.lastname@example.org (R.A. AbdelHakim).
Peer review under responsibility of Ain Shams University.
The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics (2016) 17, 63–70
Ain Shams University
The Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
1110-8630 Ó2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Ain Shams University.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
energy generation, nucleic acid production (DNA, RNA), and
protein synthesis. Magnesium (Mg
) is, also, the most abun-
dant intracellular divalent cation .
The mineral magnesium is necessary for sufﬁcient brain
energy and aids smooth transmission of communications
through the central nervous system, calms the central nervous
system and is an important component in the making of
Magnesium deﬁciency is typiﬁed by a number of reductions
in cognitive ability and processes, and in particular a reduced
attention span along with increased instances of aggression,
fatigue and lack of concentration . Other common symp-
toms of magnesium deﬁciency include becoming easily
irritated, nervousness, fatigue and mood swings .
Given the nature of these symptoms and the signiﬁcant
amount of overlap that they share with ADHD, this led
many experts involved in the treatment and care of ADHD
to hypothesize that children who suffer from ADHD also have
magnesium deﬁciency as well.
In the current study, magnesium level in children with
attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) will be
compared to normal children, in both serum and hair. Then,
the effects of magnesium supplementation in magnesium
deﬁcient patients will be assessed.
2. Subjects and methods
This study is a case-control prospective interventional compar-
ative study. It was conducted on 25 patients with ADHD and
25 age and sex matched controls.
Patients were considered ineligible for the study, if they
fulﬁlled criteria of ADHD according to DSMIV, their age
range was between 6 and 16 years and their IQ above 70.
Ineligibility for the study included presence of other medical
conditions as signiﬁcant anemia, chronic illness, hearing or
vision impairment, medication side effects which may result
in hyperactivity and impaired sleep rhythm.
Twenty ﬁve healthy children recruited from the sibs of the
ADHD group were included in the study as a control group.
Both patients and healthy controls were recruited from
Children’s hospital and institute of psychiatry, Ain Shams
University, Cairo, Egypt. The work has been carried out in
accordance with the code of Ethics of the World Medical
Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involv-
2.2. Study design
Patients were recruited from the clinic randomly. After
explaining the purpose of the study, written consents from
parents and the acceptance of the ethics committee of Ain
Shams University were obtained. Data were collected through
the administration of the predesigned questionnaires to the
Each patient in this study was subjected to the following;
Full detailed medical history including presence of organic or
psychological diseases, perinatal and developmental history,
family history of similar cases, and the previous treatment
which was received.
Clinical Examination included; body measurements,
physical examination and neurological examination.
Serum magnesium level was assayed by auto analyzer .
Hair magnesium level (Fresh, clean hair sample) was sub-
jected to Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS)
which has been cited as currently the most sensitive and com-
prehensive technique available for multi-element analysis of
trace elements to measure hair magnesium in both cases and
DSM (IV) to conﬁrm the diagnosis of ADHD in cases and to
exclude concomitant psychiatric disease .
Conners’ parent rating scales using an Arabic version for
detection of the severity of ADHD . Items are scored on
14 subscales but in our study we used only the hyperactivity,
inattention, oppositional and impulsivity scores.
Wisconsin’s card sorting test (WCST) is a neuropsycholog-
ical test of ‘‘set-shifting’’, i.e. the ability to display ﬂexibility in
the face of changing schedules of reinforcement. It’s a measure
of executive function.We used computerized versions of the
task (Microsoft Windows-compatible version 4.0). It has the
advantage of automatically scoring the test, which was quite
complex in the manual version .
Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC) using the
Arabic version for IQ assessment .
We compared the ADHD group (25 patients) with the
matched control group (25 children) as regards different
variables mainly the hair and serum magnesium. The ROC
Curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics) was used for the
diagnosis of decreased magnesium level in hair among
ADHD children as there is no available reference in Egypt
for hair Magnesium in this age group. Using ROC Curve,
Magnesium in hair
Figure 1 Using ROC Curve the cut off value for deﬁcient
magnesium level in hair was equal or less than 60.
64 F. El Baza et al.
the cut off value for deﬁcient Magnesium level in hair was
equal or less than 60 as shown in Fig. 1. And according to this
cut off value; the magnesium deﬁcient ADHD patients were
found to be 18 (group B) and the ADHD cases with normal
hair magnesium were 7 cases (group A).
The magnesium deﬁcient children were randomly assigned
into 2 equal groups. The ﬁrst group received magnesium sup-
plementation in a dose of 200 mg/day as an add on therapy to
the standard medical treatment. The second group received
standard medical therapy alone. After 8 weeks the 2 groups
will be compared with Conners’ parent rating scale and
Wisconsin card sorting test.
2.5. Statistical analysis
The collected data were revised, coded, tabulated and intro-
duced to a PC using Statistical package for Social Science.
Data were presented and suitable analysis was done according
to the type of data obtained for each parameter.
I. Descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation (±SD),
minimum and maximum values (range) for numerical
data and frequency and percentage of non-numerical
data were applied.
II. Analytical statistics: included The ROC Curve (receiver
operating characteristic) which provides a useful way
to evaluate the sensitivity and speciﬁcity for quantitative
diagnostic measures that categorize cases into one of
two groups. Student t test was used to assess the statisti-
cal signiﬁcance of the difference between the two study
group means. Correlation analysis (using Pearson’s
method): To assess the strength of association between
two quantitative variables. The correlation coefﬁcient
denoted symbolically by ‘‘r’’ deﬁnes the strength and
direction of the linear relationship between two
variables. Chi square test: was used to examine the
relationship between two qualitative variables. Fisher’s
exact test: was used to examine the relationship between
two qualitative variables when the expected count was
less than 5 more than 20% of cells. Paired t-test was
used to assess the statistical signiﬁcance of the difference
between two means measured twice for the same study
In the current study, there was no signiﬁcant difference regard-
ing the age and gender among normal children (control) and
ADHD patients Table 1. i.e the two samples were homogenous
(Pvalue > 0.05).
There was a signiﬁcant difference between cases and con-
trols as regards hair magnesium level but there was no signif-
icant difference as regards serum magnesium level Table 2.
Magnesium deﬁciency was more common in males than in
females, otherwise the other characteristics showed no signiﬁ-
cant difference (Table 3).
Also, there was no statistically signiﬁcant difference as
regards attention, memory loss, fear, restlessness, insomnia,
tics, cramps and dizziness between the two groups.
At the beginning of the study there was no statistically
signiﬁcant difference between the two groups as regards the
different psychiatric scales Table 4.
However, when we correlated hair magnesium level to the
different psychiatric scales among children with ADHD we
found a signiﬁcant correlation between hair magnesium and
total IQ and an indirect signiﬁcant correlation between hair
magnesium and the hyperactivity components of Conners’
scale Table 5.
The magnesium deﬁcient patients (18 patients) were then
randomly divided into two groups; Group B 1 (9 patients)
received magnesium supplementation, Group B 2 (9 patients)
received their standard medical treatment without magnesium
Comparison between the psychiatric scales at baseline and
at follow up among magnesium treated ADHD cases who
had low hair magnesium level (group B1) showed that there
was a highly signiﬁcant improvement in hyperactivity and
impulsivity, and also a signiﬁcant improvement in inattention,
opposition and conceptual level Table 6.
While, comparison between the psychiatric scales at base-
line and at follow up among untreated low hair Magnesium
ADHD cases showed that there was no such improvement
Percentage of improvement of the psychiatric scales at fol-
low up among magnesium treated (group B1) and untreated
(group B2) Fig. 2.
Percentage of change in Categories completion, Conceptual
level, Oppositional and impulsivity components of Conners’
scale although showed improvement at follow up in
Table 1 Comparison between cases and controls regarding
Sex Male 20 80.0 19 76.0 0.107 NS
Female 5 20.0 6 24.0
Age Mean ± SD 7.74 ± 1.48 7.40 ± 1.35 0.534
NS = non signiﬁcant; Sig = signiﬁcance.
Chi square test.
Table 2 Comparison between cases and control as regards
serum and hair magnesium level.
Cases N= 25 Controls
Mean ±SD Mean ±SD
Serum Mg (mg/dl) 2.23 0.13 2.32 0.28 0.366 NS
Hair Mg (mg/kg) 54.48 16.65 109.20 26.34 0.0001 HS
SD = standard deviation; NS = non signiﬁcant; HS = highly
signiﬁcant; Sig = signiﬁcance.
Magnesium in ADHD 65
magnesium treated patients of group B1 rather than untreated
patients of group B2. However these changes were not statisti-
cally signiﬁcant (60%, 60%, 55.6% and respectively).
However, the percentage of change in the inattention as
well as hyperactivity components of Conners’ scale showed
a statistically signiﬁcant improvement (77.7% and 88.9%
As regards the side effects of magnesium supplementation
in our patients (group B1) 22.2% experienced adverse effects
in the form of mild abdominal pain and diarrhea Table 8.
In the current study, there is a robust ﬁnding of decreased hair
magnesium in 18 (72%) of children with ADHD, while serum
hair magnesium is normal. This could be explained on genetic
and metabolic basis. Metabolically, Mg
transport may be
reduced without change in serum MG
This supports the ﬁnding of low hair follicle Mg
is normal. Furthermore, abnormalities in
TRPM6 genes, which regulates the entry of magnesium into
Table 3 Comparison between cases with normal (group A) and low hair magnesium (group B) as regards personal and medical
Mg in hair diagnosis PSig
Normal Mg (group A) N= 7 Decreased Mg (group B) N=18
N% N %
Sex Male 3 42.9% 17 94.4% 0.012 S
Female 4 57.1% 1 5.6%
Age Mean ± SD 7.8 ± 1.2 7.7 ± 1.6 0.917 NS
Maternal age at conception Mean ± SD 25.7 ± 3.3 25.3 ± 5.1 0.836 NS
Number of sibling Mean ± SD 1.6 ± 1.3 1.7 ± 0.7 0.700 NS
Order of birth Mean ± SD 1.9 ± 0.9 1.8 ± 0.9 0.840 NS
Consanguinity Negative 6 85.7% 14 77.8% 0.999 NS
Positive 1 14.3% 4 22.2%
Socioeconomic Unprivileged 6 85.7% 11 61.1% 0.362 NS
Privileged 1 14.3% 7 38.9%
Family history Non 4 57.1% 12 66.7% 0.434 NS
ADHD 0 0.0% 3 16.7%
Mother’s occupation Negative 5 71.4% 14 77.8% 0.739 NS
Positive 2 28.6% 4 22.2%
Perinatal asphyxia Negative 3 42.9% 15 83.3% 0.066 NS
Positive 4 57.1% 3 16.7%
Development Delayed 1 14.3% 7 38.9% 0.362 NS
Normal 6 85.7% 11 61.1%
Medical treatment Ritalin 6 85.7% 12 66.7% 0.341 NS
Atomoxetine 1 14.3% 6 33.3%
Serum Mg (mg/dl) Mean ± SD 2.2 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.1 0.081 NS
Table 4 Comparison between cases with normal (group A) and low hair magnesium (group B) as regards different psychiatric scales.
Mg in hair PSig
Normal Mg (group A)
Decreased Mg (group B)
Mean ±SD Mean ±SD
Wechesler scale Verbal skills Comprehension 9.6 1.5 9.9 2.8 0.676 NS
Arithmetic 7.7 2.5 8.7 3.7 0.541 NS
Similarities 11.1 2.5 10.2 3.7 0.490 NS
Digit span 5.9 2.0 7.6 2.9 0.158 NS
Performance skills Picture completion 8.9 2.5 8.7 2.7 0.908 NS
Block design 9.0 2.1 8.6 2.5 0.677 NS
Digit symbol 8.0 3.6 8.9 3.0 0.577 NS
Total IQ Verbal IQ 96.6 8.6 99.2 17.4 0.712 NS
Performance IQ 95.1 13.5 96.9 14.1 0.779 NS
Total IQ 95.9 10.5 97.7 15.6 0.775 NS
Wisconson’s card sorting test Categories completion 3.5 2.1 2.9 2.0 0.643 NS
Conceptual level 48.8 33.0 41.4 27.0 0.672 NS
Connors’ Oppositional 67.7 8.4 67.8 11.8 0.978 NS
Inattention 75.9 9.1 71.2 12.4 0.381 NS
Hyperactivity 78.6 11.3 79.4 9.0 0.859 NS
Impulsivity 82.7 11.4 78.2 9.2 0.308 NS
66 F. El Baza et al.
epithelial cells and controls Mg
urinary excretion could be a
putative factor in the previous ﬁnding .
The results gives us the clue that the total serum magnesium
concentration is not the best method to evaluate the magne-
sium status; as changes in serum protein concentrations may
affect the total concentration without necessarily affecting
the ionized fraction or total body magnesium status, since
about 30% of serum magnesium is bound to proteins .
For this reason, we used both serum and hair magnesium to
assess magnesium status.
Magnesium interacts with noradrenergic and dopaminergic
system . The role of noradrenergic and dopaminergic sys-
tem in the pathophysiology of ADHD has been extensively
studied. In addition, stimulants and atomoxetine act through
adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors . Thus, magnesium
deﬁciency could be related to the pathophysiology of ADHD.
In agreement with our results came a study done by
Kozielec  who observed low magnesium level in ADHD
children; where Magnesium deﬁciency was found in 95 percent
of ADHD patients examined, most frequently in hair (77.6
percent), in red blood cells (58.6 per cent) and in blood serum
(33.6 percent) indicating that magnesium deﬁciency in children
with ADHD occurs more frequently than in healthy children.
Mousain-Bosc et al.  reported that, intraerythrocytic
magnesium were lower in children with ADHD, while serum
magnesium was normal.
Similar results were obtained also from another Egyptian
study, where serum ferritin, zinc and magnesium levels were
lower in ADHD children than controls (p= 0.001) .
We can speculate that magnesium deﬁciency in ADHD due
to behavioral manifestation related to the core pathology of
ADHD . Children with ADHD may suffer from feeding
problems owing to their stubbornness and unexpected reac-
tions to the parent’s orders . They lack the attention
required to sit through a meal to obtain adequate levels of
nutrient intake, as well as the appetite suppressant effects of
treatment medication .
In the current study, magnesium deﬁciency was more
prevalent in males than in females. Also, no signiﬁcant differ-
ence was observed regarding serum magnesium and sociode-
mographic data. This ﬁnding was supported by previous
study, where magnesium levels were higher in girls with
ADHD . This gender difference seen in our studies, could
be partly due to the hormonal difference between males and
females where estrogen secretion is responsible for the better
magnesium utilization by young female adolescents (it may
slow the metabolic rate and hence increases the magnesium
level in hair) .
At the beginning of the study there was no signiﬁcant dif-
ference among cases with normal (group A) and cases with
low hair magnesium (group B) as regards the different psychi-
atric scales. This could be explained by the fact that ADHD is
largely a heterogeneous disorder stemming from genetics and
environmental factors  and, small sample size in the current
study. For that reason also not all the patients who received
the magnesium supplementation improved at follow up.
However, there was a signiﬁcant correlation between hair
magnesium and total IQ, and an indirect signiﬁcant correlation
between hair magnesium and hyperactivity score. Previous
studies demonstrate that magnesium deﬁciency was associated
with deﬁcient cognitive function and low academic achieve-
ment in adolescent girls. Moreover, familial hypomagnesemia
was related to inattention, mental retardation and speech
Table 5 Correlation between magnesium hair and serum levels and the psychiatric scales among children with ADHD.
Total IQ Categories completion Conceptual level Oppositional Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity
r0.749 0.028 0.105 0.173 0.311 0.663 0.086
0.0001 0.939 0.773 0.493 0.210 0.003 0.734
Sig HS NS NS NS NS S NS
r0.097 0.651 0.565 0.996 0.370 0.704 0.946
0.340 0.133 0.168 0.001 0.187 0.080 0.014
Sig NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
R= correlation coefﬁcient; NS = non signiﬁcant; HS = highly signiﬁcant.
Pearson correlation test.
Table 6 Comparison between psychiatric scales at baseline
and at follow up among magnesium treated cases (group B1).
Mean N±SD PSig
3.40 5 2.074 0.061 NS
5.80 5 0.447
Conceptual level Before
49.20 5 30.376 0.038 S
81.00 5 10.173
64.44 9 12.022 0.024 S
52.78 9 10.022
69.89 9 13.797 0.012 S
53.44 9 8.918
79.22 9 9.066 0.001 HS
55.33 9 10.380
77.44 9 8.705 0.001 HS
56.44 9 10.608
SD = standard deviation; NS = non signiﬁcant; HS = highly
signiﬁcant; S = signiﬁcant; Sig. = Signiﬁcance.
Magnesium in ADHD 67
In phase 2 of the current study, magnesium deﬁcient
patients were randomly assigned into two groups; those who
received magnesium supplementation and those who did not.
On follow up; in the magnesium supplemented group,
Conners’ parents rating scores sub items improved, with a
highly signiﬁcant improvement in the hyperactivity
(p= 0.001) and the impulsivity domain (p= 0.001). Other
sub items improved, but the improvement was not statistically
signiﬁcant. The highly signiﬁcant improvement seen in hyper-
activity could be due to the fact that magnesium is needed for
relaxation at the neuromuscular junctions . Similarly, fol-
low up of cognitive function using Wisconsin card sorting test,
showed signiﬁcant improvement in the category completion
(p= 0.061) in the conceptual level (p= 0.038).
In the current study; despite the general improvement of
Conners’ scores in group B1 compared to group B2 after sup-
plementation, this improvement pushed the patient from one
category of the rating scale (obtained at beginning of the
study) to another only in the change in inattention
(p= 0.05), and the hyperactivity (p= 0.001) sub items of
Conners’ scale; otherwise the changes in the other components
were not statistically signiﬁcant.
On the other hand, follow up of the magnesium unsupple-
mented group showed that the cognitive function and
Conners’ rating scale sub items did not improve, except for
Table 7 Comparison between the psychiatric scales at baseline and at follow up among untreated ADHD cases with magnesium who
had low hair magnesium levels (group B2).
Mean N±SD PSig
Categories completion Baseline 2.40 5 2.074 0.063 NS
Follow up 3.60 5 1.517
Conceptual level Baseline 33.60 5 23.891 0.066 NS
Follow up 43.00 5 21.966
Oppositional Baseline 71.22 9 11.300 0.018 S
Follow up 66.89 9 10.994
Inattention Baseline 72.56 9 11.588 0.237 NS
Follow up 70.56 9 11.970
Hyperactivity Baseline 79.67 9 9.500 0.201 NS
Follow up 76.44 9 8.805
Impulsivity Baseline 78.89 9 10.093 0.062 NS
Follow up 71.78 9 8.941
SD = standard deviation; NS = non signiﬁcant; S = signiﬁcant; Sig. = Signiﬁcance.
Improvement at follow up
Treated with Mg
Figure 2 Improvement of psychiatric scales at follow up among treated (group B1) and untreated group (group B2).
Table 8 Adverse effects among magnesium treated cases
Adverse eﬀect (Group B1) N=9 %
Negative 7 77.8
Positive 2 22.2
68 F. El Baza et al.
the oppositional scale, as parents of this group were assigned
to behavioral therapy.
Our results match with those obtained by Nogovitsina
where analysis was done after 30 days of magnesium supple-
mentation to ADHD patients and showed improvement in
the form of signiﬁcant decrease in the total point scores on
all scales (p< 0.05; p< 0.001) There was also a signiﬁcant
decrease in point scores on the ‘‘anxiety’’ and ‘‘impairment
of attention and hyperactivity’’ scales.In another study, sup-
plementation of ADHD patients with Mg-B6 regimen for at
least 2 months signiﬁcantly modiﬁed the clinical symptoms of
the disease: namely, hyperactivity and aggressiveness were
reduced, school attention was improved. When the Mg-B6
treatment was stopped, clinical symptoms of the disease reap-
peared in few weeks . Similar results were obtained by
other studies [27,28].
These results suggest that magnesium supplementation, or
at least proper amounts of magnesium in the diet, may prove
to be beneﬁcial for children with ADHD. Further research is
needed to help to identify the etiology, impact, and possible
therapeutic implications of low micronutrient status in
ADHD, given the essential nature of these micronutrients in
the production of the neurotransmitters involved in ADHD.
Regarding the side effects of supplementation, we found
that 22% of the cases given the treatment suffered from mild
attacks of abdominal pain or diarrhea. This is consistent with
Jaing  who reported that oral magnesium supplementation
can cause mild side effects, such as diarrhea and abdominal
Although, our study is limited by small number of cases,
but it has an advantage on other studies in that we used mag-
nesium without B6 in treatment of ADHD, the use of sibs as a
control group and the use of objective scales (Wisconsin card
sorting test) in the assessment of response to magnesium
Mg supplementation for few weeks signiﬁcantly reduced the
clinical symptoms of ADHD. Further studies on larger sam-
ples and over longer periods of time are needed to generalize
Conﬂict of interest
The authors declare no conﬂict of interest. There is no ﬁnan-
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children and adults. USA: Hogrefe and Huber Publishers; 2007.
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Cognitive and psychosocial development in children with familial
hypomagnesemia. Mag Res 2011;24(1):7–12.
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and biochemical manifestations of the syndrome of attention deﬁcit
and hyperactivity in children. Eksperimental’naia Klinichiskaia
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features, pathophysiology, and corrections of impairments in
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Acute hypermagnesemia: a rare complication of antacid admin-
istration after bone marrow transplantation. Clin Chim Acta
70 F. El Baza et al.

domain: health


text:
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One aliquot, for example, receives nucleotides A, T, C, and G and an analog of A; a second aliquot receives A, T, C, and G and an analog of T; and so forth. 11Lac transconjugantwhenmatingwasonmembranefilters. Steigerwalt, P. The Imprint Period is from approximately age birth to age 7. Genet. 13) so that the probability distribution in terms of these variables becomes a Gaussian on the half-line, i.
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Answer a. The position of the consensus bands is shown, the bars represent partially ordered groups. 177. Do you think patents should be granted for each partial gene sequence that has been determined.
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24). Quantitative calibration and use of DNA probes for investigating chromosome abnormalities in the Prader-Willi syndrome. Mathies, S. Huntingtons disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbance, S. Chapter 20 1. Pon. Chem. Johnson-Laird, P. SIAM J. Among those physicians offered just two treatments, 53 percent chose the operation and 47 percent the NSAID. The bones also fracture under sufficiently high levels of shear stress. Elgar,G.
In fact, mitotic segregation of the chloro- plasts of heteroplasmic cells explains the transmission of varie- gation in four-oclocks, described at the beginning of this chapter (see Fig. PlacethediskoftheMilliporefilterontopof12mLofddH2OinaPetridish. MoireL,SchmutzA,BuchalaA,YanB,StarkRE,RyserU(1999)PlantPhysiol1191137 42. Igarashi, K. The resolution of each MEC was 0. 1984. Perhaps, instead, pro- fessionals should assess and treat their ability to determine the contextual relevance or ap- propriateness of alternative meanings that professionals furnish to them.
ncifcrf. 17336633672. 730 W 305 Accession no. Springerlink. Wilen, Enantiomers, Racemates, and Resolutions, Wiley, New York, 1981. 15 Let A and a represent the forex events 2011 and mutant X-linked alleles. In gram-negative bacteria phillip securities forex as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, proteins must be exported to three major cell envelope compartments, the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space, and the outer forex events 2011. Nature 308548550, 1984.
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domain: biology


text:
Flashcards in 7 Surgery Workshop Deck (32):
With opiate prescribe
Docusate and antiemetic
Frequency of DVT is ... In general surgery
25-33% and 45-70% in total hip replacements
Give all except ACEi at2 antagonists and diuretics
( beta blockers help suppress tachy and BP increase from surgery)
Safe to continue unless high post op bleed risk.
If for primary prevention stop 7 days before.
Eplilepsy and Parkinsons drugs
Medication to reduce gastric acid
Give (reduces risk of aspiration)
Immunosuppressants and Cancer drugs
Tranquillisers and antidepressants
Give ((except maoi which should stop 2 weeks before)
Omit unless otherwise instructed as may potentiate arrhythmias and hypotension
Omit on morning of surgery
Stop 7 days pre op. But if post coronary stent or ACS ideally delay surgery until safe to stop clop (3-12 months)
Stop 24 before surgery
Omit 24 hours pre-op as can cause electrolyte inbalance
ACHE for dementia
Galantamine and rivastigmine - Stop 24 hours pre op as they prolong the action of muscle relaxants
Donepazil - don't stop as its half life is too long
Stop 4 weeks prior , if not possible use stockings and LMWH prophylaxis
Diuretics and ace I
Discuss - as the can drop BP in surgery but local practice differs
Hyponatremia post surgery can lead to
Post surgery consider 5
Monitor renal func (and u and e)
Why is fluid replacement required3
Significant fluid loss (bleeding, burns patients)
Noble to take fluids
Resuscitation - going into shock from trauma
Signs of dehydration
Dry lips and skin
Decreased urine output
Capillary refill time
How to evaluate response to fluid therapy
Weight (but this doesn't tell where the fluid is)
U&e comes down
Do we give a pre op dose of LMWH in practice
Only when bridging therapy with warfarin.
You'd give post op and then usually stop on discharge.
Risk factors for PONV
History of motion sickness
Surgery type and duration
Eg of an antiemetic for PONV
Ondansetron - usually IM or IV at induction of 30 mins before end of surgery
Oran Diabetes control post surgery
She wouldn't eat much in the eve so omit.
Monitor and if BG levels risk over 12 give 0.1mg/kg soluble.
Restart in the morning, if she doesn't eat much use half dose
Summarise bridging warfarin to LMWH
Last warfarin dose 6 days pre surgery
Start LMWH two days after this
Stop LMWH 24hours before surgery
Depending on bleed risk start LMWH some time after surgery and warfarin ASAP.
Continue LMWH until INR therapeutic for 2 dans and min 5 days.
When to start LMWH again:
Prophylactic LMWH (low clot risk):
–Low bleed risk - evening post op
–High bleed risk - 24 – 48 hrs post-op
Therapeutic LMWH (high clot risk):
–Low bleed risk – prophylactic dose evening post op then therapeutic dose 24 – 48 hrs post-op
–High bleed risk - prophylactic dose 24 – 48 hrs post-op then therapeutic dose 48 – 72 hrs post-op
Summarise grinding warfarin with UFH
Last warfarin dose eve 6 days before
Admit for UFH once INR less than 3.
Stop UFH 6 hours before.


text:
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Developing management priorities
Determining priority widespread environmental weeds
Madeira vine infestation
NSW has over 1650 naturalised plant species, many of which pose a significant threat to biodiversity. A report
on the impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in NSW identified 127 weeds threatening 204 species. For each CMA, a dataset of widespread weeds was collated using information from existing priorities identified in a number of documents including, but not limited to:
Workshops were held in the then 13 CMAs to determine regional priorities for weed control. Representatives of major stakeholders in the region and experts with local knowledge of weed impacts and sites under threat from widespread weeds attended. Participants considered the current impact of each widespread weed species on biodiversity in the region and assigned a priority of high, medium or low.
View the finalised lists of high priority widespread weeds for each CMA region by consulting the CMA-specific Biodiversity Priorities Widespread Weeds (BPWW) strategy.
Determining biodiversity at risk
Zieria involucrata, a threatened species at risk from weeds
Acronychia littoralis, a threatened species at risk from weeds
Knowing the weeds that pose the threat to biodiversity is only part of the solution to reducing their impact on native species. Identifying the biodiversity at risk from these weeds is essential for ensuring effective weed management. This is a difficult task and a lack of quantitative studies investigating weed impacts has resulted in a limited understanding of what is under threat and how to manage them.
The Weed Impacts to Native Species (WINS) system was developed to identify the native species at risk from plant invasions. The process involves four steps including a literature review, collation of local knowledge, evaluation of an interim list of species at risk and a final ranking of the native species at risk using a model. This system was used effectively to identify species under threat from bitou bush and lantana invasion in NSW.
The WINS approach was modified to consider the impacts from a suite of weed species and prioritise the biodiversity at risk within each region. Refer to the relevant CMA-specific BPWW strategy to view the final list of biodiversity threatened by the high priority widespread weeds.
Selecting and prioritising sites for control
Specific locations within each region where weed control will have the greatest benefit for biodiversity were identified and ranked. Presence of a weed at a particular site does not mean that it is a current threat or that control is an option. Final prioritisation of sites considered a range of factors, including the biodiversity at risk, the degree of impact of weeds at individual sites and the feasibility of control to ensure that programs are targeted towards sites where the probability of success is high.
All stakeholders in each CMA region were invited to nominate areas of high biodiversity value currently under threat from the priority widespread weeds. Information from site nominations was used to rank sites for control to ensure long term conservation outcomes.
A triage approach to managing widespread weeds to conserve biodiversity was adopted by assessing and prioritising native biodiversity and sites for control. This process allows for management to be directed towards high priority sites that contain the highest priority biodiversity. This site prioritisation is based on the model developed for the Bitou Bush and Boneseed Threat Abatement Plan and Lantana Plan and considers the biodiversity value of a site and the probability of success of the weed control program. For more information on the site ranking process see the BPWW Statewide Framework.
For list of priority sites please contact the relevant CMA or contact us.
Download the map of high priority sites (highpriorityBPWWsitesmap.pdf, 282KB) across New South Wales as at August 2010.
Page last updated: 25 November 2013


Introducing Beamo's advantages as a digital twin for construction sites. Beamo provides easy capture and fast data processing with a compact device.
Digital Twins: How to Reduce Maintenance Costs and Downtime for Facilities
A Korean Facility Management company uses Beamo Digital Twins to visualize complex IoT sensor data, cut down on repair costs, and minimize downtime.
A Korean facility management (FM) company came to Beamo with a simple problem.
FM Company’s facilities are decked with IoT sensors for all kinds of equipment: Fire Receiver, Purified Water Reservoir, Purification Tank, Gas Leak Detector, and so much more. Soon, they receive an alarm from one of their many sensors. They immediately notify their third-party vendor to solve the issue.
The vendor visits the facility and heads down below ground where the equipment are stored. They screech to a halt as they stare helplessly at all the equipment. Just their luck, there’s no cellular reception at the site. It’s valve JH70-D54120, but which one is that? Shaking their heads, at a loss for what to do, they leave the building empty-handed and inform the facility manager that they’ll have to check again at another time when they know the precise location of the valve.
The facility manager, stressed that the issue is not resolved, looks at a sea of blinking sensors and at the endless stack of equipment documents. He asks himself repeatedly, “Where IS that darn valve?!”
This is how their POC with Beamo begins. For a period of two (2) months, Beamo will create a Digital Twin of three (3) sites and integrate it with their IOT system. Beamo will serve as a much-needed visualization tool to provide context to stakeholders as they monitor and manage their complex facility management systems.
This POC serves as an example of how Digital Twins supplement IoT systems in facility management. Many modern buildings are equipped with a variety of sensors and IoT devices that monitor various aspects of a facility, like temperature, humidity, lighting, fire, security, and energy usage. These devices generate large amounts of data that can be difficult for users to interpret and act on.
But with the aid of Digital Twins, users can better understand complex information systems by visualizing them as an ordinary human would in real life. A facility manager can see which information is pointing to what equipment and where it is in the Boiler Room. It’s as simple as that.
The image above shows a Digital Twin of the FM company’s site integrated with its IoT system.
This provides a more efficient and effective way of communicating specific issues internally and externally with third-party vendors. Just open up Beamo and point out the valve! Beamo even lets you record a Tour to help the service personnel to reach the precise location.
Downtime is reduced, repair costs are minimized, all systems are functioning at optimal levels, and the day is saved. For a company managing hundreds of facilities, this can make all the difference. FM company predicts that this efficiency boost will provide them with a significant competitive advantage over other facility management companies.
What’s next then for the FM company? After the success of the PoC, the company is now strongly considering the application of digital twin technology to the rest of its 150+ facilities. With the firm belief that the future of facility management lies in these technologies, they will continue their digital transformation journey to stay ahead of the game.


Gas and Contaminant Detectors
What Are They?
A gas / contaminant detector measures and indicates the concentration of certain gases or contaminants in the air via different technologies. Typically they are employed to prevent toxic exposure to occupants and fire. They can also be used as part of demand control ventilation systems. Detectors can be portable or fixed. They can be stand alone or be part of a combined protection system.
Types of Gas Detector Technologies:
Gas detectors are categorized by the type of gas they detect: combustible or toxic. Within this broad categorization, they are further defined by the technology they use: catalytic and infrared. These sensors detect combustible gases and electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductor technologies generally detect toxic gases.
Measurement of Toxic Gases
Electrochemical sensors or cells are most commonly used in the detection of toxic gases like carbon monoxide, chlorine and nitrogen oxides. They function via electrodes signals when a gas is detected. Generally, these types of detectors are highly sensitive and give off warning signals via electrical currents. Various manufacturers produce these detectors with a digital display.
Metal Oxide Semiconductors, or MOS, are also used for detecting toxic gases (commonly carbon monoxide) and work via a gas sensitive film that is composed of tin or tungsten oxides. The sensitive film reacts with gases, triggering the device when toxic levels are present. Generally, metal oxide sensors are considered efficient due their ability to operate in low-humidity ranges. In addition, they are able to detect a range of gases, including combustibles.
Measurement of Combustible Gases
Catalytic sensors represent a large number of gas detector devices that are manufactured today. This technology is used to detect combustible gases such as hydrocarbon, and works via catalytic oxidation. The sensors of this type of detector are typically constructed from a platinum treated wire coil. As a combustible gas comes into contact with the catalytic surface, it is oxidized and the wiring resistance is changed by heat that is released. A bridge circuit is typically used to indicate the resistance change.
Infrared sensors or IR detectors work via a system of transmitters and receivers to detect combustible gases, specifically hydrocarbon vapors. Typically, the transmitters are light sources and receivers are light detectors. If a gas is present in the optical path, it will interfere with the power of the light transmission between the transmitter and receiver. The altered state of light determines if and what type of gas is present.
What to know when selecting detection equipment?
The application drives everything in this environment. How big is the area that needs to be monitored? How many different things need to be sensed in the area? What needs to happen when the sensor is triggered in an area? The answers to these questions will steer you into the correct products and systems.


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Dr. David Zeman, DDS is a Dentistry Practitioner in Clarksville, TN. His office is not accepting new patients.
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Dr. Zeman frequently treats Abscess, Abscess Incision and Drainage, and Amalgam Dental Fillings. See all procedures and conditions Dr. Zeman treats.
Where is Dr. David Zeman, DDS's office located?
Dr. Zeman's office is located at 2702 Wilma Rudolph Blvd, Clarksville, TN 37040. Find other locations and directions on Healthgrades.
Does Dr. David Zeman, DDS offer telehealth services?
Dr. Zeman has not yet indicated whether they offer telehealth services. Please contact the office to check for availability/eligibility.
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Habitat for Humanity’s Home Repair Programme is overseeing essential repairs to 11 houses on Aotea / Great Barrier, bringing homes up to a warm, dry, healthy and safe standard.
Working alongside the Aotea Family Support Group, Habitat for Humanity secured funding from Te Puni Kōkiri (The Ministry of Māori Development) for eligible whānau homes. Te Puni Kōkiri manages Government funding for Māori housing projects, working with other agencies and organisations on a co-ordinated approach to improve Māori housing.
Each home has different needs, and the project involves a variety of work from the installation of full power systems and new roofs to bathroom fittings and new decks. Local tradespeople are making the repairs and installation work, ensuring money goes back into the community. Works are expected to be completed January 2023.
Aotea Family Support Group community worker, Kellie Cleave, says:
“This work not only helps families in the short-term, but is going to help for generations to come.”
Kellie’s role is majority-funded by Aotea / Great Barrier Local Board as well as the Ministry for Social Development (MSD).
Aotea Family Support Group has been working with Habitat since 2021.
Kellie hopes there might be further opportunities for locals to access more of their services in the future.
Other services that the Aotea Family Support Group provide include support for over 65s, child-minding programmes, youth programmes, home help, and crisis support.
Stay up to date
Want to stay up to date with all the latest news from your area? Sign up for your Local Board E-news and get the latest direct to your inbox each month.
Sign up for Aotea / Great Barrier Local Board E-news.


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The New York Times, June 26, 2022 (Opinion)
Opinion: No, Justice Alito, Reproductive Justice Is in the Constitution
Michele Goodwin, UCI Chancellor’s Professor of law writes, “Justice Samuel Alito’s claim, that there is no enumeration and original meaning in the Constitution related to involuntary sexual subordination and reproduction, misreads and misunderstands American slavery, the social conditions of that enterprise and legal history. It misinterprets how slavery was abolished, ignores the deliberation and debates within Congress, and craftily renders Black women and their bondage invisible.” [Subscription required, campus-wide access provided by UCI Libraries. Sign-up here: https://guides.lib.uci.edu/nytimes]
Orange County Business Journal, June 27, 2022
A $20 million gift from Joe C. Wen and his family was recently announced for a forthcoming outpatient clinical facility at the new UCI Health-Irvine medical complex going up along Jamboree Road. It’s the largest gift to UCI Health by a donor under age 50, officials say. [Subscription required, you can request an electronic copy of the article by sending an email to email@example.com.]
Financial Times, June 26, 2022
Covid in China: Xi’s fraying relationship with the middle class
Samantha Vortherms, a China expert [and assistant professor of political science] at the University of California, Irvine, notes that in factories across the world’s second-biggest economy local staff are considered the “core employee base”. China’s 380mn itinerant migrant workers are “periphery”, she says, which means they are the first to be laid off when companies are hit by downturns, a problem exacerbated by unequal access to social security provisions. “Migrant workers are much less likely to have formal labour contracts that allow them to pay into social insurance schemes that protect them if unemployed,” she says. [Subscription required, campus-wide access provided by UCI Libraries. Sign-up here: https://guides.lib.uci.edu/news/ft]
The Guardian, June 25, 2022
Democrats hope to tap anger over Roe in November midterms – will it work?
Kelsy Kretschmer, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and co-author of a study examining women’s voting patterns, says it’s not clear that the decision will be help Democrats in a measurable way. “A significant proportion of white women are conservative and form the backbone of the pro-life movement and this is the thing they often care the most about. For Democrats, if you lose half of white women, you don’t have a winning majority of women,” she said.
GRID, June 27, 2022
Why the crypto crash is fueling calls for regulation
“It’s going to lead to more regulation, especially because you have this awful mix of whatever is going to happen with this very uncertain economy, coupled with all of the marketing of crypto that’s happening right now to vulnerable and minority communities, all the celebrity endorsements,” said Bill Maurer, director of the Institute for Money, Technology and Financial Inclusion [and dean of the School of Social Sciences] at the University of California, Irvine. “The thing is, if regulation is going to happen, it better happen fast.” … “One of the foundational mythologies of crypto is that you’re going to have this private money and finance that is unregulated and yet still secure, because of the technological workaround,” Mehrsa Baradaran, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, School of Law and author of “The Color of Money” and “How the Other Half Banks.”
Previously “In the News”

domain: law


text:
In the dazzling world of sports and business, Bruce Wilpon stands as a towering figure. Yet, alongside him, a graceful wife named Yuki Oshima-Wilpon harmoniously shares his journey. Yuki, a woman of resilience and benevolence, encapsulates a life rich in success, generosity, and private elegance.
📘 Purpose of Exploration 📘
Our journey through this article is to delicately weave the untold love story of Yuki.
🔍 Quick Glimpse:
- 🌱 Early Life: A Tokyo upbringing and esteemed education.
- 💼 Professional Journey: Ascension in the corporate world.
- 💖 Philanthropy: Impactful contributions to society.
- 💑 Personal Bond: A loving, supportive Wife.
📚 Engaging & Clear Narrative 📚
We present this narrative with clarity, relatability, and a human touch, ensuring a resonant, enlightening experience for all readers, enriched with varied, engaging elements and perspectives.
💡 Tip: Stay tuned for insightful subheadings, quotes, and concise points illuminatingYuki’s multifaceted life and her shared journey with Bruce Wilpon.
By diving into Yuki Oshima-Wilpon’s fascinating life, we invite you to join us in appreciating her diverse persona, her strong, loving bond with Bruce, and her choice to maintain individuality in a world filled with unrelenting spotlight and curiosity.
|Full Name||Yuki Oshima-Wilpon|
|Birth Place||Tokyo, Japan|
|Spouse||Bruce Wilpon (formerly), Nicky Scott (currently)|
|Education||– Bachelor’s in Economics, Keio University|
|– MBA, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (1988)|
|Career Highlights||– Investment banking at Goldman Sachs|
|– Co-founder of Sterling Equities|
|Philanthropic Endeavors||– Trustee, Wilpon Family Foundation|
|– Board Member, Metropolitan Opera & New York Botanical Garden|
|– Member, Junior League of New York & Trustee, New York Public Library|
|Current Residence||London (believed to be)|
Background of Bruce Wilpon 🌐
Achievements in the Sports Industry 🏆
Bruce Wilpon, synonymous with the illustrious world of sports, has solidified his place through substantial achievements. He is Famous as the former co-owner of the revered baseball team, the New York Mets. His impactful presence is a testament to his enduring passion and strategic prowess in the sports sector.
Contributions to the Sports Business 💼
Beyond mere ownership, Bruce’s remarkable contributions have played a pivotal role in shaping the business landscape of sports. His innovative approaches and insightful strategies have propelled various sports clubs to unprecedented heights, leaving a lasting imprint on the industry.
Impact on Various Sports Clubs 🏟
The significant enhancements and advancements spearheaded by Bruce have been instrumental in fostering the growth and development of various sports entities. His visionary leadership continues to elevate the standards of sports clubs, enriching the sporting world with excellence and dynamism.
Early Life of Bruce Wilpon Wife 🌿
Yuki Oshima-Wilpon, born in the vibrant city of Tokyo, experienced a childhood intertwined with the realms of business, imbibing values of determination and hard work. she is the daughter of Kenshin Ōshima, who is is a Japanese billionaire and founder of the finance company SFCG Co. Her upbringing, marked by privilege and enlightenment, laid the foundation for her multifaceted journey.
Educational Background 🎓
Yuki’s academic odyssey commenced at Keio University, leading her to pursue economics, a journey marked by zeal and pursuit of knowledge. Her thirst for learning transcended boundaries, landing her at the prestigious Wharton School, where she earned her MBA, solidifying her status as a future luminary.
Bruce Wilpon and His Wife Meeting and Love Story ❤
Destiny interwove the paths of Bruce and Yuki at a serene social gathering. This ephemeral meeting sparked a profound connection, setting the stage for a transcendent love story marked by shared interests, mutual respect, and enduring love.
The journey of their union traversed through myriad challenges and triumphs, evolving amidst the complexities of fame and the enduring essence of deep love and mutual support, enriching their shared existence with shared joys and harmonious growth.
The tapestry of their relationship is interlaced with challenges, strengthened by their unwavering support and enduring love, a beautiful testament to their resilience and mutual admiration.
Marriage and Family Life 👨👩👧👦
Yuki Oshima-Wilpon, was married to Bruce Wilpon, son of Fred Wilpon, the owner of the New York Mets. There was an intimate gathering, reverberating their marriage. The details of their wedding reflect their shared values and the essence of their enduring bond.
The Wilpons exemplify a harmonious blend of professional endeavors and familial bliss, maintaining a serene equilibrium between their impactful pursuits and their cherished family moments.
Children and Privacy 👶
Blessed with two children, Bruce and Yuki preserve their family’s sanctity and privacy, nurturing their offspring away from the public eye, imbued with love and profound values.
Role and Importance in Bruce’s Personal Life 🌟
Yuki stands as a pillar of unwavering support for Bruce, her presence a soothing balm and her wisdom a guiding light, profoundly influencing Bruce’s illustrious career and life.
💼 Her subtle yet profound influence has been instrumental in shaping Bruce’s professional trajectory, her insights and support acting as catalysts for his remarkable accomplishments in the sports industry.
🛡 Yuki’s grace in navigating the labyrinth of public attention and opinions is reflective of her strength and integrity, maintaining her individuality and guarding her family’s privacy amidst the relentless media scrutiny.
Philanthropic Endeavors 🌿
❤ The philanthropic journey of Bruce and Yuki is marked by their shared commitment to various charitable causes. Their contributions echoing their deep-rooted desire to make a positive impact on society and the lives of the less fortunate.
Both make big contributions extend across diverse realms including education, healthcare, and the arts, reflectin. Their multifaceted approach to philanthropy and their unwavering dedication to societal well-being. Both are actively involved in several charitable initiatives.
🏡 The altruistic endeavors of the Wilpons have left an indelible mark on numerous communities. Their impactful initiatives serve as beacons of hope and sources of support for those in need.
Yuki Oshima-Wilpon, the graceful enigma beside Bruce Wilpon, encapsulates a life of resilience, benevolence, and private elegance. Her journey, marked by success, generosity, and impactful contributions, resonates as a beacon of inspiration and hope.
The shared journey of Bruce and Yuki is a harmonious symphony of love, support, and shared visions. Their enduring bond and mutual growth reflect the essence of their beautiful, inspiring union.
Shahid Maqsood, with an MBA and a Master’s in Mass Communications, has 10 years of writing experience. Specializing in news and celebrity coverage, he brings a unique perspective from his love for hunting and camping, difference between. He’s passionate about the outdoors, especially hunting and camping. Shahid contributes to websites like dosttrusty.com, distinctionbetweencom and bruitly.com offering insightful articles on news and celebrities. His straightforward, engaging style makes him a trusted source for readers.

domain: library


text:
Ever find yourself getting pumped up listening to ‘Hello World,’ the opening theme song for Blood Blockade Battlfront? How about ‘Karma,’ the theme song from Tales of the Abyss? How about ‘Sailing Day’ from the One Piece the Movie: the Adventure of ‘Dead End’? The list goes on and on.
A good theme song can add so much to the experience of enjoying a good anime, movie, or game. But how often do we actually think about the bands behind these iconic songs? Often enough, even if we end up getting our hands on the soundtrack, these musicians have whole albums worth of music we’d dig just as much.
Considering Bump of Chicken has been making music since the ’90s, there’s tons about them you don’t know. So let’s check look
What Came Before ‘Hello World,’ ‘Karma,’ and the Rest
Though ‘Sailing Day’ was released in 2003, ‘Karma’ came out in 2005, and ‘Hello World’ came out in 2015; Bump of Chicken first starting making music back in 1994. The four members of the band—Motoo Fujiawara, Hiroaki Masukawa, Yoshifumi Naoi, and Hideo Masu—all went to school together since kindergarten. In 1994, the four friends were in ninth grade and performed as a band for the first time, playing a cover of The Beatles ‘Twist and Shout’ for their school cultural festival.
The name ‘Bump of Chicken’ is a rough English translation of the Japanese phrase ‘jakusha no hangeki.’ A more accurate translation would probably be the literal: ‘counterattack from the weak-man/wimp/weakling,’ or rather ‘cowards fight back.’
Given the fact that the band formed back before the days of Google Translate, one can see how in the quest for a cool band name the foursome might find their way from ‘strike’ or ‘attack’ to ‘bump’ and ‘Chicken’ is a relatively direct, if figurative translation for ‘Coward.’ Apparently it was inspired by one of their first original songs.
In the years following the band’s inception, they continued to make music, though, as is often the case, it took a couple of years for the group to gain steam. Despite their song ‘Danny’ winning an award in 1996, the band wouldn’t officially release an album until three years later, five years after their debut, in 1999.
Called Flame Vein, their first album was released by High Line Records, as was their first single, 2000’s ‘Lamp,’ and their second album, The Living Dead, which was also released in 2000. In March and April of the same year, they went on tour, before leaving High Line Records.
Upon joining Toy’s Factory Inc. in 2000, they released their second single, ‘Diamond,’ following it with the single ‘Tentai Konsoku’ in 2001. ‘Tentai Konsoku’ marked the band’s first big success, landing on the Oricon Weekly Charts. Following that, all of their releases have made the top ten on the Oricon Weekly Charts. Staggering, considering that, in their 26-year long career as a band, Bump of Chicken has released nine albums(with two re-released) and 27 singles.
That means that, with the re-release of their two High Line Records albums, all their nine albums and 25 of their 27 singles have made it into the top ten of Japan’s national industry-standard charts for music popularity.
|2000||The Living Dead|
|2004||Flame Vein +1|
|2004||The Living Dead|
|2003||‘Lost Man / Sailing Day’|
|2003||‘Sailing Day / Lost Man’|
|2004||‘Only Lonely Glory’|
|2004||‘Sharin no Uta’|
|2005||‘Supernova / Karma’|
|2005||‘Karma / Supernova’|
|2006||‘Namida no Furusato’|
|2007||‘Hana no Na’|
|2009||‘R.I.P / Merry Christmas’|
|2010||‘Mahō no Ryōri ~Kimi Kara Kimi e~’|
|2010||‘Uchūhikōshi e no Tegami / Motorcycle’|
|2011||‘Tomodachi no Uta’|
|2015||‘Hello, World! / Colony’|
|2018||‘Hanashi ga Shitai yo / Sirius / Spica’|
A Knack for a Catchy Theme
Blame it on the catchiness of Bump of Chicken’s music. Their ability to have a driving, exciting rhythm, combined with the earnest and personal vocal quality of lead singer Motoo Fujiwara has allowed for Bump of Chicken to create music that tells a story, even if you don’t understand the lyrics. The band has a knack for writing music that speaks to a larger story and manages to function on its own or as a part of a larger album, with equal flair.
Either way, it just so happens that their first hit single, the third single they released, ‘Tentai Kansoku’ would go on to be the theme song for a live action J-drama bearing the same name. 2002’s Tentai Kansoku or ‘Searching for My Polestar’ follows seven friends who met in their college astronomy club, reuniting three years later, only to find that the ups and downs of real life have put a strain on their promises of eternal-friendship.
Next up on the theme song train was ‘Sailing Day’ in 2003. Playing over the end credits for the fourth One Piece Movie, it was originally released as a single, paired with their song ‘Lost Man.’
After a re-release of their first two albums from when the band was still represented by High Line Records, as well as the release of a couple of singles, came 2005’s ‘double A-Side single,’ ‘Supernova/Karma.’ ‘Karma’ ultimately became the theme song for the anime adaptation of the Tales of the Abyss video game as well as for the game itself.
The 2011 movie Doraemon: Nobita and the New Steel Troops—Winged Angels had the band write the theme song ‘Tomodachi no Uta.’ Later on that same year, their song ‘Zero’ was used as the theme song for the video game Final Fantasy: Type-O. The following year, in 2012 the movie Always Sanchōme no Yūhi ’64, used their song ‘Good Luck’ as its theme song, as well.
In 2015, the anime series Blood Blockade Battlefront used Bump of Chicken’s ‘Hello World’ for its theme song. The following year, the 2016 anime March Comes in Like a Lion used two of the band’s songs. ‘Answer’ served as the anime’s opening theme while ‘Fighter’ was the closing theme song.
Along with their song ‘Go’ being used in a 2017 Japanese Mobile Game, in 2018 their songs ‘Sirius’ and ‘Spica’ were the opening and closing theme songs for the anime Juushinki Pandora. That same year, the anime adaptation of Karakuri Circus used the song ‘Gekkou’ as its opening theme.
Good Music Sells
Aside from having their music associated with various games and anime, Bump of Chicken also had their tunes involved in advertisements for a number of bands.
Around the same time ‘Karma’ was launching each episode of Tales of the Abyss another of the band’s singles, ‘Namida no Furusato’ was being used in Japan to sell South Korean sweets, Lotte Airs.
Anime Fans Connecting with Anime Fans
Perhaps another reason why Bump of Chicken’s music is so well suited to accompany anime, not to mention resonate with anime fans both in Japan and abroad, is that the band members are anime fans themselves.
Their 2004 single, ‘Arue’ was dedicated to Rei Ayanami, one of the most beloved characters from Neon Genesis Evangelion. With the original manga starting in 1994 and the anime airing from 1995-1996, Evangelion would have been popular right as the band was getting going.
It also turns out that all four band members were fans of the original Doraemon since their childhoods. So it was no doubt an exciting opportunity for them to create ‘Tomodachi no Uta’ for the 2011 movie.
Bump of Chicken Stands the Test of Time
With a career spanning more than two decades, the fact that Bump of Chicken has been able to find not only lasting success but international regard, is a testament to how great their music has been. While having their songs featured in commercials, arcade games, doramas, movies, video games, and anime has been a part of their musical journey since practically the beginning Bump of Chicken has managed to continue turning out the sort of music their fans have come to know and love.
The success and the consistency of their work is an undeniable achievement for four friends who first met in elementary school. Ultimately, it’s aspirational: just like the message at the heart of their band’s name, Bump of Chicken is an inspiration for any cowardly chickens out there to go forth and fight for their dreams.


text:
California's gas tax will hit 30 cents per gallon in January
The California Legislature passed Senate Bill 1 on Thursday night, raising gas taxes and vehicle fees in hopes of generating tens of billions of dollars to fix the state's roads.
The tax increases will take effect November 1 and new vehicle registration fees will begin Jan. 1, 2018. Fees on zero-emission vehicles will take effect July 1, 2020, according to the text of the bill.
To raise a projected $52.4 billion over 10 years, changes to taxes and fees include:
- A 12-cent increase in the gasoline excise tax
- A 20-cent increase in the diesel excise tax
- A 5.75 percent increase in the diesel sales tax
- A new vehicle fee, which will annually charge drivers between $25 and $175, depending on the value of the vehicle
- A $100 annual fee on zero-emission vehicles
The vote brings California's gas excise tax to 30 cents per gallon.
READ MORE::California's Jerry Brown thinks 12-cent gas tax hike is ‘a hell of a good deal’
Senate President pro Tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles) wrote in a statement:
"Today, after decades of inaction, the legislature approved a fiscally responsible plan to address our decrepit transportation infrastructure. This bipartisan compromise includes strict accountability measures and closes our massive transportation funding shortfalls — without burdening future generations with debt."
Gov. Jerry Brown, who stumped for the bill in Riverside this week, said its language had been in the works for years. It squeaked through the Senate and Assembly on Thursday night, barely earning the required two-thirds votes in both houses.
The Coachella Valley's representatives split along party lines. In the Assembly, Eduardo Garcia (D-Coachella) voted in favor of the bill, while Chad Mayes (R-Yucca Valley) opposed it. In the Senate, Jeff Stone (R-Temecula) voted against the bill.
In a statement, Stone wrote:
“When are we going to learn? The State Senate tonight passed yet another tax on hard-working Californians because we continue to fail the people by wasting money on programs we can’t afford."
READ MORE:Senator Jeff Stone is trying to repeal California’s sanctuary state bill, even though it isn’t a law yet
Stone, like many opponents of the bill, criticized the state for failing to spend funds allocated for transportation in the past on transportation.
At a rally in Riverside on Tuesday, the bill's proponents insisted that an amendment to the state constitution and a new office to track spending will prevent misuse of funds.
Also, the bill passed with an amendment forbidding regulators from taking heavy-duty trucks of a certain age off the road. Environmentalists objected to the measure, saying it could hinder the state's ability to reach its aggressive air-quality goals.
Rosalie Murphy covers real estate and business at The Desert Sun. Reach her at email@example.com or on Twitter @rozmurph.

domain: news


Wecon Systems has been a major Canadian supplier of conveyor systems and related products for more than 20 years and counting. One of the keys to the company’s continuing success is its status as a single-source material handling integrator, providing not only great products, but also essential services to keep this equipment functional.
Using Wecon as a sole material handling integrator has many considerable advantages for a company that relies on these systems for smooth and efficient production.
A wide range of services
There is no point in hiring or paying more than one company for products and services related to material handling, especially when a supplier like Wecon possesses all the experience and expertise required to make the most out of conveyor systems. In addition to its wide range of conveyor solutions, Wecon also offers four key services:
- Project management. Customers can continue focusing on their daily activities while the Wecon team takes control of every conveyor project from start to finish, no matter the size.
- Installation. Wecon employs experienced conveyor installers who have commissioned numerous projects, from new-system installations to system upgrades and equipment relocation. Because every system is unique, it required an experienced skill set to get the best performance results, and Wecon always surpasses client expectations for quality and service.
- Preventative maintenance. Many companies neglect long-term care and maintenance when it comes to material handling. This is why Wecon has tailored maintenance and service packages for every type of system, including off-the-shelf replacement parts and custom-made parts for older systems.
- Design. With two- and three-dimensional mechanical CAD software, Wecon can offer a virtual view of a system before installation. These tools enable Wecon to access warehouse constraints and improve product flow within the facility. They also allow Wecon to create complete, detailed mechanical designs and layouts for new systems, or modify and improve existing ones.
With all of these capabilities at hand, it makes perfect sense to work with Wecon Systems as a single-source material handling integrator – providing everything a customer could possibly need under one roof.


text:
Some information of Chemical Can Line both for Aerosol can and Chemical can is shown in the following:
Can Diameter: Φ52-190mm; Φ250-275mm
Can Height: H80-320mm; H280-400mm
Speed: 80-150cpm; 20-50cpm
Welcome to visit https://www.goldeneaglechina.com/product/chemical-can-making-machines/chemical-can-making-machines-series.html to get more information.
As one of the leading metal can packaging industry, it specializes in designing and manufacturing metal can making machinery, molds and fully automatic production lines for various of tin can making requirements, core business is Aerosol can making, Food can making, Beverage can making, Milk Powder can making, 2-Piece can making, Chemical tank making, Easy-open […]

domain: chemistry


text:
(Bloomberg) -- Hopes for a speedy economic rebound in Germany are holding ground as manufacturing starts to catch up with consumer-oriented sectors.
Industrial output gained 8.9% in June, slightly more than forecast, following on from figures on Thursday that showed factory demand is rising. The most recent data suggest Europe’s largest economy may bounce back more quickly than its neighbors, after a record second-quarter slump because of pandemic-related restrictions on business and movement.
With trade indicators also signaling a revival, traditionally influential parts of the German economy are now seeing improvements that so far have been concentrated mainly in private consumption.
A full recovery will take time. Manufacturing and trade were under pressure well before the global Covid-19 outbreak. Trade tensions between the U.S. and China -- two of Germany’s major export markets -- could stretch past the pandemic, with squabbles increasing more recently over issues including human rights and technology companies.
“Having been led initially by domestic consumer spending on goods, the recovery is gradually broadening out to early stages of production and from domestic to foreign demand,” said Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg. “In the absence of a major accident, Germany can recoup at least half the second-quarter drop in GDP in the third quarter already.”
An industrial recovery is also underway in other euro-area countries. France reported a 12.7% increase in output in June, production in Spain was up 14.0% from the previous month.
German factory demand in June was at roughly 90% of the levels seen at the end of last year. Output was strongest for investment goods, with car and car-part makers seeing production up more than 50%.
The Bundesbank has said the German economy probably bottomed out in April, though it noted that the recovery in manufacturing and exports has been moderate and the business situation is still considered “very bad.”
Unemployment rose by more than 670,000 in the second quarter, and some 5.6 million people remained on state wage support last month.
Deutsche Lufthansa (DE: LHAG ) AG (OTC: DLAKY ), which set out to slash headcount by about 22,000 without forced redundancies, warned Thursday that compulsory dismissals are now likely. Europe’s biggest airline posted an adjusted operating loss of 1.7 billion euros ($2 billion) in the second quarter, after the coronavirus grounded virtually all passenger flights.
The European Commission predicts the German economy will contract 6.3% this year and expand 5.3% in 2021. The euro area is set to see a deeper slump, though better-than-expected data recently have fueled hope for an upside surprise.
European Central Bank Chief Economist Philip Lane has cautioned against any premature optimism, arguing that the region’s third-quarter performance will be key to determining the strength and sustainability of the recovery.
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text:
Russia MP's son found guilty after stealing 2.9 million US credit cards
Point of sales malware wrought $169 million in damages.
The son of a Russian member of parliament has been found guilty of stealing and selling millions of US credit card numbers using point of sales malware.
Roman Seleznev, 32, is the son of ultra-nationalist Liberal Democratic Party MP Valery Seleznev. He was arrested in 2014 while attempting to board a plane in the Maldives, sparking anger from Russian authorities.
Seleznev said at the time the arrest was a "monstrous lie and a provocative act".
Roman Seleznev was convicted in a Washington court on Thursday, on 10 counts of wire fraud, nine of obtaining information from a protected computer, nine of possession of 15 unauthorised devices, eight of intentional damage to a protected computer, and two of aggravated identity theft.
He faces a minimum of four years and a maximum of 34 years in prison when he is sentenced 2 December.
Seleznev, who used the handle Track2, scanned for vulnerable retailers across Washington and infected point of sales terminals with malware, prosecutors said.
He stole some 2.9 million credit cards, according to prosecutors, wreaking some US$169 million in damages across 3700 financial institutions.
Prosecutors said his laptop contained some 1.7 million stolen credit card numbers. ®


Whether it’s a pocketknife or a pair of pliers that doubles as a ruler, multitools are very interesting nowadays. They replace massive toolboxes and the days of fumbling around to grab the exact right tool for the job, instead, you can grab a multitool and have a pretty good close enough. With multitools being used everywhere, it’s no surprise that the history of the item is just as fascinating as the tool combinations people have created, such as handpiece parts and products for dentists, that have interchangeable parts.
The Romans were documented to use multitools, with one being found that contained silverware, a pick, and a spike, that could all be folded into one simple case. In the modern era, the Swiss Army knife was created by the Swiss army when they wanted to give standard knives to their men. A few years later they found that they needed to give a screwdriver to the men as well, in order for them to be able to disassemble their guns for cleaning, and decided to combine the two tools into one item.
They contacted a knife workshop in Switzerland and tasked the owner with making a tool to include several items, and the first Swiss Army knife was born. More companies began making their own multitools built around knives, pliers, and other necessary gear, and now there’s a multitool that can perform almost any function at almost any size.
You can have multitools that fit around pens, pliers, keys, and other items, meaning that you never need to be away from an item that can help you. They aren’t a replacement for each item individually, but they will do the same function in a pinch. Plus, they’ve opened up the idea of multi-function items and even interchangeable parts for other types of people, including fishermen and outdoorsmen.


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Ayasdi raises $30.6M to find Big Data answers before you ask
Stanford-born Big Data startup Ayasdi has raised $30.6 million to help spread its technology that finds answers to questions before their customers even ask for them.
The Palo Alto company led by co-founder and CEO Gurjeet Singh landed two big institutional investors, GE Capital and Citigroup, that should be able to help it expand to two of its target industries — manufacturing and finance.
In its first six months of operation, Ayasdi has already lined up clients in government as well as in the oil and gas and pharmaceutical industries.
Singh told me that his company's brand of Big Data analysis is best-suited for big industries like these where it automatically identifies interesting areas to look into and provides insights without needing anyone to write the usual queries.
The company builds on technology developed by Stanford professor and Ayasdi co-founder Gunnar Carlsson that applies an area of math called topology to Big Data. It uses machine learning to find patterns of data and come up with insights that don't start out with a query or hypothesis.
"Our business strategy is to go after expensive problems," Singh told me. "Either the data must be very expensive or the solution must be very valuable."
Previous investors Khosla Ventures and Floodgate Capital also participated. The company previously raised $14 million.
"We are consumers of Big Data technology as well as producers of Big Data technology," Singh told me, explaining that such partnerships are used to improve the services it offers to customers by applying Ayasdi software on top of other companies' platforms.
Click here to subscribe to TechFlash Silicon Valley, the free daily email newsletter about the region's founders and funders.
Cromwell Schubarth is the Senior Technology Reporter at the Business Journal. His phone number is 408.299.1823.
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domain: economics


text:
Broccoli rabe, also known as rapini, is an Italian vegetable related to broccoli, with a savory, intense flavor. It plays well with garlic, tomatoes, and fusilli pasta for a quick dinner that's on the elegant side.
Posted: Mar. 8, 2013
| Cooks I Like
French toast is such a perfect breakfast, light lunch, or even supper on these warm days.
Try one of our 100-plus cool cucumber salads.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Read our allrecipes.com blog

domain: food


text:
David M. Lahuis, Ph.D.
Associate Professor and I/O Area Leader
Fawcett Hall 443C, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, OH 45435-0001
David LaHuis joined the Psychology Department in 2003. Dr. LaHuis received his Ph.D. in Industrial and Organizational Psychology in 2002 from the University of Connecticut.
lahuis cv 2021.pdf 244.25 KB
Dr. LaHuis's research interests include item response theory and multilevel modeling. His current focus is on understanding how individuals' traitedness levels affect their responses to personality items.
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domain: psychology