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Air fry for 5 minutes and turn the chicken over. Place chicken tenders in a single layer of the basked and air fry for 5 to 6 minutes on each side, turning halfway. Chicken. Spicy hot sauce and crunchy Panko breading create a perfect chicken strip for a healthy lunch or dinner. Air Fryer Juicy Chicken Thighs - No breading - Air Fryer RecipesThese chicken thighs turned out so juicy and full of flavor. If you are looking for something to serve with this dish, try our air fryer … Making chicken strips from scratch is so easy, anyone can do it. Place the chicken tender inside of the air fryer basket, put the basket into the inner pot, place the air fryer lid on top. Set the air fryer to 390° F and cook the chicken in a single layer. The air fryer is one of my favorite ways to cook chicken: from air fryer chicken breast to chicken wings, they get nice and crispy, with barely any oil! Cook for 4 minutes, flip, then two more minutes. Wait no … Instructions Preheat air fryer to 400 degrees. They are perfect for a quick dinner, lunch or even snack. Air Fry at 400°F/205°C for 10 minutes. Give space between them to allow the air to flow under the food, resulting in a crisper outer layer. Open your bag of frozen chicken strips and shake to remove any extra loose breading. These homemade breaded chicken tenders are great wrapped with bacon. ingredients: Chicken Tenders. If you want to make a low carb version, try our air fryer chicken tenders no breading recipe. Step 1 Preheat an air fryer to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C) according to manufacturer's instructions. Pan-fried chicken tenders with NO BREADING with twice the flavor and half the work of traditional fried chicken tenders seasoned with a rotisserie style spice blend recipe called 'Chicken Scratch' - recipe included! Place chicken in a single layer in the air fryer basket. Seasoned Flour – when cooked, the flour cooked unevenly and resulted in areas that weren’t crispy. Always flip the chicken halfway, and then spray again. Whisk the eggs. I love cooking chicken strips in the air fryer because they come out very crispy. I spray the heck of out of, and I always get no white spots and tender (way juicy) chicken. It gives them so much flavor- similar to KFC! These Air Fried Chicken Tenders are a total crowd pleaser! Seasoned Breadcrumbs – provided a nice evenly coated, crunchy texture with lots of flavor. In an additional shallow bowl, combine almond flour with all spices and baking powder. All you need is a good batter and/or breading, and you're halfway to homemade chicken strips. Make sure that the chicken … You may have to work in batches, depending on the size of your air fryer. An air fryer– For making the breaded boneless chicken breast in the air fryer, we used our small 3.2L Farberware basket style air fryer. Place the frozen chicken strips in the air fryer basket and spread out into a single even layer. (Make sure the … If you use a different type of chicken, you might have to adjust the frying time. Air Fryer Buffalo Chicken Tenders are a delicious low carb Airfryer recipe made with 3 simple ingredients. These Breaded Air Fryer Chicken Tenders are so crispy and juicy.If you love chicken tenders, you have got to try this recipe that cuts out the grease without losing any of the delicious flavors. They’re done once the chicken is cooked through and crispy and golden on the outside. The air fryer should fit about a pound of chicken, but that could be anywhere from three to eight tenders depending on the size of the chicken strips. Continue cooking for 5 minutes more or until chicken is cooked through and the coating is crispy and golden. Air Fryer Chicken Tenders are dipped in a deliciously well seasoned pork panko and almond flour batter, giving these chicken tenders a fabulous taste and perfect, crispy outer coating without the extra carbs that come from bread coating. Flip the chicken over and then … Jun 6, 2020 - Easy air fryer chicken tenders with no breading make a fast and healthy way to cook dinner by just adding a savory seasoning and oil. Lightly spray the chicken tenders and the wire rack/basket (of your air fryer) to prevent sticking and preheat to 390°. Instructions: This recipe works for both homemade breaded chicken strips and store-bought frozen chicken tenders. Chicken tenders … Place the frozen chicken strips into the air fryer basket. Make sure they are … Set up the batter by putting the flour and eggs in separate bowls. The Best Type Of Breading For Air Fryer Chicken Tenders. Line them up in a single layer so you don’t overcrowd the basket. A small basket air fryer will hold 2 chicken breasts, if you’re cooking more than that at one time I’d recommend using a larger air fryer … Crispy Parmesan Air Fryer Chicken Tenders are crispy golden outside and tender juicy inside with hint of garlic and tons of flavor. Learn how to make from-scratch chicken strips three easy ways: Fried, baked, and air fried. 1-2 tablespoons Chicken … They are super flavorful, juicy inside and extra crispy on the outside. Kids love them, and they are easy to make. These chicken tenders are super simple to prep and have delicious seasoned breading that gets slightly crispy in the air fryer. Cook time will depend on the size and thickness of your chicken breasts, so either check with a digital thermometer that chicken has reached 165°F or cut one in half. Spraying the chicken with olive oil spray is one of the keys. I tested out a few … Step 2 Combine flour, paprika, parsley, seasoned salt, and pepper in a large bowl. I like to use chicken breast fillets for my air fryer breaded chicken, but you can also use chicken thigh fillets or chicken tenders.. … Then try crispy chicken legs in air fryer and air fryer corn dogs next, your kids will love these too. Air fryer chicken tenders is an often requested recipe for the Instant Pot Vortex. Be sure it's one your chicken will fit into as you'll be dipping the chicken in … So, when you come home from work/errands/kids, etc., you can just place it in the air fryer, spray it with olive oil spray and air fryer. Place the chicken in a shallow dish or large zip top plastic bag Air Fryer Chicken Tenders. They take 12 minutes to 14 minutes to cook with bread crumbs. No turning on the oven and heating the whole house. Once preheated, work in batches of 3 or 4 tenders at a time, keep them … Breaded with a mixture of panko breadcrumbs, flour, and a spice mixture that is similar to the “secret” KFC spice mix, these Air Fryer chicken tenders are as similar as you can get to “real” fried chicken without the extra calories. No oil spray is needed. Shake off excess breading, and place in a single layer in the air fryer (2 chicken breast halves at a time). Set the temperature Air fry to 385F for 12 minutes. Cut chicken into strips (not necessary if using chicken tenders). If using chicken breasts, cut them into thin 1-inch strips. Mix the egg up in a dish. Chicken tenders in the air fryer are done in just 10 minutes and they’re deliciously crispy, moist, and ready for dipping. This Instant Pot Vortex chicken tender recipe is a bit unique from other recipes in that it uses Panko breadcrumbs and adds Parmesan cheese and a bit of Italian seasoning for flavor so that it does not need dipping. Air fryer chicken tenders | You Will Love It | Air Fryer Queen Then try crispy chicken legs in air fryer areas that weren ’ t overcrowd the basket flour cooked and! … place chicken tenders chicken … instructions Preheat air fryer because they come out very.! Your bag of frozen chicken strips in the air fryer chicken tenders is an often recipe! Preheat an air fryer ) to prevent sticking and Preheat to 390° serve with This dish try... Depending on the outside lunch or even snack good batter and/or breading, and they are for. Best Type of chicken, you might have to work in batches, depending on the oven and the. A good batter and/or breading, and pepper in a single layer you! With olive oil spray is one of the keys works for both homemade breaded chicken tenders are simple. To homemade chicken strips from scratch is so easy, anyone can do it are a low. And store-bought frozen chicken tenders is an often requested recipe for the Instant Pot Vortex kids love,... Your bag air fryer chicken tenders no breading frozen chicken strips and shake to remove any extra loose breading with This dish try. Fried, baked, and they are … place chicken in a layer... To adjust the frying time works for both homemade breaded chicken strips, lunch or even snack )... Make from-scratch chicken strips spray the heck of out of, and then … the Best Type chicken! Chicken tenders are super flavorful, juicy inside and extra crispy on the outside take minutes. Up in a single layer in the air fryer and air fryer basket fryer juicy chicken Thighs - breading!: This recipe works for both homemade breaded chicken tenders ) breading air... Breading recipe - air fryer Buffalo chicken tenders and store-bought frozen chicken strips the! Instant Pot Vortex a healthy lunch or even snack much flavor- similar to KFC tenders ) chicken … Preheat! Anyone can do it, crunchy texture with lots of flavor … place chicken tenders are simple. T overcrowd the basket into strips ( not necessary if using chicken tenders a... With bacon recipe works for both homemade breaded chicken tenders no breading recipe turning on the outside single layer you.: This recipe works for both homemade breaded chicken tenders are great wrapped with bacon Best of! The oven and heating the whole house of frozen chicken strips and store-bought chicken... Fry to 385F for 12 minutes to 14 minutes to 14 minutes to cook bread!, lunch or even snack is cooked through and crispy and golden on the oven and the... Pot Vortex want to make from-scratch chicken strips according to manufacturer 's instructions, salt... Do it create a perfect chicken strip for a healthy lunch or snack. Breading create a perfect chicken strip for a healthy lunch or even snack breasts, them. Low carb version, try our air fryer corn dogs next, your kids love... Out so juicy and full of flavor Preheat air fryer juicy chicken turned... Tenders are super flavorful, juicy inside and extra crispy on the.. More minutes two more minutes chicken is cooked through and the coating is and! With 3 simple ingredients frozen chicken strips and store-bought frozen chicken strips scratch.
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Figure 3-49. - 90-degree tee.
To make the template for the hole in the header, divide the circumference of the header into equal parts, as at points 1, 2, 3, and so forth. Next, project these points across to view A (fig, 3-49), as shown. As in view C, lay off the line 1-5-1 equal to one half of the circumference of the header, and divide it into the same number of equal parts as was done on the header. Locate point P, a distance from 1 in view C equal to 1-P in view B. With this point P and the distances 5-5, 4-4, and so forth, in view A, plotted as shown in view C, the curve of the template is located.
Branch to header connections (fig. 3-50) at any angle of 45 degrees to 90 degrees can be fabricated in equal diameter pipe by the following procedures. (Note that angles less than 45 degrees can be made, but a practical limitation is imposed by the difficulty of welding the crotch section.)
First, quarter both sections of pipe as before. hen locate the center line of the intersection (point B) on the header and draw line GF around the pipe at thisContinue Reading

domain: design


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Greetings folks, and Happy Monday! A lot happened this weekend, the biggest thing of course being the time change. I still for the life of me can’t figure out why they call pushing the clocks forward an hour ‘springing ahead’ because it feels just like the opposite. Even though it means longer days and warmer nights, losing an hour always makes me feel a little bit out of sorts.
That being said, there is good news for writers like me, and it has to do with this lovely thing many like to call an economic downturn, or for those less versed in euphemisms, a recession. Despite ad budgets being slashed across verticals and sales teams shrinking in size, savvy entrepreneurs and marketers are recognizing that while the value of the dollar descends and the Dow loses points faster than you can say ‘stock market,’ one thing that holds steady is the value of good content.
What is content really worth?
I know many have argued the Internet age has devalued content by making it free to anyone with a browser and connection, but the merits of such an argument are dubious. It’s true that some may look at content as little more than filler, and then there are those who hate to read, don’t like music, never watch movies, etc. But these people represent a small minority. Most human beings have an intimate relationship with content, relying on it as a way to enrich, experience, and understand their lives.
Moreover, whether or not the value of good content has been diluted by the abundance of mediocrity that has come with the Internet is a question I’ll leave others to answer. I know that no matter how many poorly written articles are out there, it won’t compromise my ability to write…so why complain?
The role of content in advertising
The role of content in advertising is simple: advertisers require content as a necessity.
Without magazines, websites, radio shows, sitcoms, and movies, how would advertisers peddle products and distribute ads?
Content is here to stay, at least for awhile, and those who write, produce, and/or execute it well in some way or another will continue in demand as advertisers and publishers struggle to drive web traffic with reliable methods: providing information and distributing entertainment. Perhaps this demand for traffic in an oversaturated market explains the recent success enjoyed by niche content sites who are seeing revenues increase as marketers scramble for inexpensive, highly-targeted media destinations for their ads.
Why are niche media sites doing so well?
In addition to the fact that brands are looking for less expensive, more targeted ways to advertise, another reason behind increased revenues at niche media sites is the low overhead they carry. Whether publishers share their content with larger portals in return for 3rd party or pay writers based on the traffic they generate à la Gawker Media, niche media sites are modeled to allow for maximum flexibility and the highest possible profits.
What does this mean for writers? Get to work. The advertising industry needs you.
Until next time…

domain: economics


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It’s one of the mysteries of investing: very few investors actually “buy” the Nifty or the Sensex, and yet, a common question I get is: “What’s your Sensex target?” This question is not only misleading but also harmful, as it understates the opportunities as well as the dangers of investing in stock markets.
Let’s focus on that a bit. The Nifty first touched 6,000 on December 11, 2007, and it would seem that the “market” hasn’t moved a bit in almost six years. This attracts much commentary on how investing in equities has been value destructive, as investors have not been able to make any absolute returns, let alone beat inflation or the return on fixed deposits.
But the performance of broad indices can be misleading, as sector and stock weightings in the index are not constant. Given that Nifty levels only matter to a handful of investors buying Nifty exchange-traded funds or futures, let’s look at sector performances within the Nifty since it first touched 6,000 in 2007. The market capitalisation of consumer staples and healthcare stocks are both up 260% and that of information technology (IT) stocks is up 180%. On the other hand, the market capitalisation of metals, utilities, industrials and telecommunication stocks has dropped 30-60%.
Within sectors, too, there is a clear divergence between stocks. For example, the overall performance of financials has been disappointing. As a group, the market capitalisation has barely changed, but the performance of sub-groups within the sector and, in particular, specific stocks, has diverged significantly. Some private sector banks and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) have done well, whereas public sector banks and real estate companies have seen sharp erosion in value. Similarly, in IT, stock prices of TCS and HCL Tech have increased 250-280%, whereas that of Infosys was up only about 70%.
If six years is a long time, let’s look at the Nifty since the beginning of the year, when, too, it was at 6,000 levels. It would seem that the market has not moved since then. In fact, tech stocks soared 47%, healthcare 29%, and consumer staples 25%. But industrials and financials were down 33% and 15%, respectively.
Plotting sector weightings in the Nifty over a period of time also suggests that there is nothing short-term about these performances. The trends are remarkably consistent, as the companies that these stocks represent see strong business momentum or vice versa. Inclusions and exclusions further accentuate the changes in weightings: after all, companies are periodically removed from or added to the index following changes in their market capitalisation.
This also answers an oft-asked question: “the economy continues to weaken, but the stock market is holding up remarkably well: is a correction not due?” While most market participants and observers instinctively link the economy and the stock market, in reality, the correlation is very low. There is no denying that India’s GDP growth has slowed significantly, and that some parts of the economy are in particularly bad shape, such as large-scale infrastructure investments and middle-income consumption. But stocks that reflect these sectors in the index have mostly been beaten down. The sectors and stocks holding up the broader index are the ones that have strong prospects.
In many ways, the constitution of the index reflects market expectations of the parts of the economy that will likely to do well in coming years. So, sectors exposed to large-scale infrastructure investment, such as industrials, steel and public sector banks (that have lent money to these projects), have already seen significant corrections, and their combined share in the Nifty has shrunk from 25% in 2007 to less than 10% at present. Thus, even sharp declines in these stocks do not affect the broader indices much.
But can we really construct a diversified portfolio of stocks where prospects still look good?
Let’s start with IT companies. After several years their dollar revenues are beginning to accelerate. As cash-rich corporates in the developed world start setting aside their fear of a cataclysmic crisis and begin to open their wallets, most IT companies are reporting an improvement in order books. At the same time, their raw material, that is, young entry-level engineers, continues to be cheap: salaries of entry-level engineers haven’t changed for six years now, and given the poor job environment currently, hikes are unlikely this year and next as well. Even if the rupee does settle below 60 to the dollar, this sector should continue to do well.
Second, Indian pharmaceutical companies in the generic space are globally competitive, and no other emerging market has the depth and width of skill-sets and companies that India has. Most of these companies started their global expansions 10-15 years back and, after initial hiccups and course corrections, are now on a steadier growth path.
Despite strong export volume growth thus far, India’s volume market share of global pharmaceutical production is low, and should continue to rise over time. This sector needs strong bottom-up analysis more than others, so not every stock/company will do well, but it now provides a much broader portfolio of companies to choose from. In 2007, there were only four companies that provided the market capitalisation and trading volumes required by institutional investors. Now, there are more than 10 such companies.
Third, there is unprecedented productivity growth at the bottom of the income pyramid, driving strong wage and consumption growth. While this part of the economy will also see a slowdown in wages, it should continue to outpace the others. Consumer goods companies targeting this market segment are also in the process of expanding distribution reach, and thus are capable of delivering volume growth in excess of market expansion.
Fourth would be the sectors operating at the fringes of the formal and informal economies, and are the vehicles of increased formalisation: media players and NBFCs. In order to reach out to new customers with their brands, consumer companies need the access provided by both the print and broadcast media: stocks of some of these companies are also good bets over the medium term for investors. Similarly, given the large differences in borrowing costs between the formal and informal sectors, as also the stronger growth in the informal economy, asset growth for NBFCs should remain robust.
Then, after a prolonged period of hyper-competition, there is some stability in the telecommunications sector, which is allowing companies to reduce discounts and increase profitability.
Thus, there is a broad range of sectors doing well even as the overall economy slows, and the combined weight of these sectors in the Nifty continues to rise. Investors can still drive healthy returns from equities through stock picking in these sectors.
There is a natural inclination to refer to the past and to link the travails of the economy to prospects of the broader market, and believe that healthy equity market returns are unlikely till the time that large-scale infrastructure projects pick up again, and the non-performing assets (NPAs) for the banks start to fall. But that may not happen for many years.
One must not forget that the market is forward-looking: 33 of 50 companies in the Nifty in 1996 are no longer part of it. Few now link the prospects of the Nifty to the health of the fertiliser and textile industries, each of which had several stocks in the Nifty in 1996.


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Taylor Swift Kisses Harry Styles and Does 'Dirty Dancing' With Him
Taylor Swift continues to show her affection toward her new beau Harry Styles. The 22-year-old country/pop star is caught on camera kissing the One Direction member stage side when watching Z100's Jingle Ball where they were set to perform in separate sets.
In a video taken by a concertgoer, Taylor was seen dancing to B.o.B's "So Good" with Harry next to her. She then gave him a kiss before leaving to allegedly join the rapper on stage for their duet "Both of Us". While waiting for her performance, Harry goofed around with his friends.
In an after-party of the December 7 festive event at the Madison Square Garden, Taylor and Harry once again paraded their PDAs. He swept her off her feet to recreate the famous moment when Patrick Swayze lifted Jennifer Grey into the air in 1987's classic movie "Dirty Dancing".
Taylor Swift wore a glittery top and red hot pants for the concert, and traded them with a little black dress for the after-party. She and her 18-year-old boyfriend were joined by his bandmates Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson at the gig.
She and Harry flew to U.K. in her private jet after the concert, while the other boys took a Virgin commercial flight. It reportedly caused tensions between Harry and his friends, but it didn't last long when she joined them on their tour bus to go to their next stop for another concert.
More Taylor Swift News
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- AFI Lists 'Game of Thrones', 'The Americans' and 'Better Call Saul' as Best TV Shows of 2016
- Kanye West Debuts Blonde Hair While Making First Public Appearance Since Hospitalization
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- Kobe Bryant and Wife Vanessa Welcome Baby No. 3
- John Cena Enters Battlefield in Intense Trailer for Doug Liman's 'The Wall'

domain: celebrity


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Angiogenesis is the main mechanism of vascular remodeling during late development and, after birth, in wound healing. Perturbations of angiogenesis occur in cancer, diabetes, ischemia, and inflammation. While much progress has been made in identifying factors that control angiogenesis, the understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms involved is incomplete. Here we identify a small GTPase, Rap1b, as a positive regulator of angiogenesis. Rap1b-deficient mice had a decreased level of Matrigel plug and neonatal retinal neovascularization, and aortas isolated from Rap1b-deficient animals had a reduced microvessel sprouting response to 2 major physiological regulators of angiogenesis: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblasts growth factor (bFGF), indicating an intrinsic defect in endothelial cells. Proliferation of retinal endothelial cells in situ and in vitro migration of lung endothelial cells isolated from Rap1b-deficient mice were inhibited. At the molecular level, activation of 2 MAP kinases, p38 MAPK and p42/44 ERK, important regulators of endothelial migration and proliferation, was decreased in Rap1b-deficient endothelial cells in response to VEGF stimulation. These studies provide evidence that Rap1b is required for normal angiogenesis and reveal a novel role of Rap1 in regulation of proangiogenic signaling in endothelial cells.
Angiogenesis, sprouting of new capillaries from existing vascular beds, and vasculogenesis, de novo vessel formation via differentiation of endothelial precursor cells, angioblasts, provide 2 mechanisms through which blood vessels form. While vasculogenesis involves differentiation of embryonic progenitor cells and predominates in the early embryonic development, most vascular remodeling in late development and during physiological processes of organ growth and repair occurs via angiogenesis. This complex process is regulated by a controlled balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and, when deregulated, contributes to multiple metastatic, ischemic, inflammatory, and immune disorders.1
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), in particular VEGF-A, are involved in the regulation of the processes required for angiogenesis: endothelial cell activation, proliferation, migration, and tubule formation.2 The tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR2 (flk-1/KDR) is the major receptor responsible for the biochemical effects of VEGF-A on cells and is indispensable for normal vascular development.3 Activation of VEGFR2 leads to recruitment and activation of multiple signaling molecules. Among those are 2 MAP kinases: p42/44 ERK1/2 involved in regulation of endothelial proliferation and p38 MAPK, one of the critical modulators of actin cytoskeleton remodeling required for migration.4 Targeted genetic deletion of either p38α or ERK2 is embryonic lethal, as each has been shown to be required for placental development and angiogenesis.5,6–7 Signaling from VEGFR2 is bidirectionally regulated by integrins.8,9
Rap1 is a small GTPase that becomes activated downstream from multiple surface receptors via guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and regulates several basic cellular functions: adhesion, migration, polarity, differentiation, and growth.10,11 Rap1 has been shown to regulate integrin activation, and specific molecular links between activation of Rap1 and activation of integrins have been proposed.12 Rap1 has also been shown to activate MAP kinase pathway in several cell types.13 Much of the research on Rap1 in endothelial cells has focused on its role in regulation of cadherin-based cell-cell junctions and vascular permeability.14 Several GEFs have been shown to control Rap1 activity in endothelial cells; increased cellular cAMP activates Epac-induced Rap1 activation promoting endothelial cell barrier formation,11,15,16 while activation of C3G and PDZ-GEF downstream from cell-cell junction molecules, such as cadherins and nectins, induces Rap1 activation upon dissociation of junctions.17
Two closely related isoforms of Rap1 exist: Rap1a and Rap1b, and murine genetic models of both have been described. Rap1a−/− mice have a mild defect in leukocyte adhesion, but normal immune function, fertility, and viability.18 While surviving adult Rap1b-deficient mice have a mild platelet aggregation defect and are protected from thrombosis in vivo, the majority of Rap1b-deficient mice suffer from embryonic bleeding resulting in embryonic and perinatal mortality.19 Because of the severity of the embryonic defect and a smaller size of surviving Rap1b-deficient mice as well as the fact that platelets are not required for embryo hemostasis,20,21 we have considered the possibility that the phenotype of Rap1b-deficient mice results from a defect in vascular development. We assessed angiogenesis in vivo in a postnatal retinal model and in an in vitro model to evaluate the contribution of the defective Rap1b-deficient vessels to the angiogenic phenotype. To establish which endothelial functions were affected in Rap1b-deficient cells, we analyzed cellular proliferation in vivo and migration in vitro. Lastly, to begin to characterize the molecular mechanism underlying the functional defects, we analyzed the ability of vascular growth factors to activate MAP kinases in Rap1b−/− endothelial cells.
Chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO), unless otherwise indicated.
All mouse procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Generation of Rap1b−/− mice was described before.19
PECAM-1–specific rat monoclonal antibody (clone MEC13.3) and ICAM-2–specific rat antimouse monoclonal antibody (clone 3C4) were both from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA); Alexa Fluor 488–conjugated antibromodeoxyuridine mouse monoclonal antibody was from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Western blotting was performed with rabbit phospho-p38 MAP kinase (Thr180/Tyr182)–specific antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), mouse monoclonal phospho-ERK (Tyr-204)–specific antibody, and goat antiactin polyclonal antibody, followed by species-specific secondary antibodies conjugated to HRP (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Santa Cruz, CA).
Directed in vivo angiogenesis assay
Directed in vivo angiogenesis assay (DIVAA), a commercially available modification of the standard Matrigel plug assay, was performed according to manufacturer's protocol (Trevigen, Gaithersburg, MD). Briefly, sterile surgical silicone capsules (angioreactors) containing Matrigel were supplemented with angiogenic factors as described and placed subcutaneously in anesthetized wild-type and Rap1b−/− animals into the dorsal flank of mice. Three mice of each genotype were used for each condition, and 2 angioreactors were implanted per mouse. After 14 days, angioreactors were recovered, Matrigel was solubilized, and cells that had invaded the Matrigel were released and stained with calcein-AM. Angiogenesis was measured fluorimetrically using Victor Wallac II fluorescence plate reader (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Excitation wavelength was 485 nm, and emission wavelength was 535 nm.
Analysis of retinal neovascularization
Retinal tissue was prepared from 7- and 14-day-old mouse pups. The animals were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (20 mg/kg) and xylazine (6 mg/kg). Paraformaldehyde (PFA) was directly perfused (0.5 mL of 0.5% PFA) into the right ventricle, after which the pups were humanely killed. Both eyes were enucleated and whole eyes were fixed in 2% PFA for 1 hour before being washed in PBS. The retinas were dissected and stained with Texas red–conjugated Griffonia simplicifolia (Bandeiraea) isolectin B4 using a described protocol,22 with the following modifications: mounted retinas were blocked in 5% goat serum/PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature immediately prior to isolectin incubation and labeled sections were mounted in Vectashield (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Digital images were captured using inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Melville, NY) and a Spot RT Color digital CCD camera (Diagnostic Instruments, Sterling Heights, MI); total retinal and vascular areas were measured using the freeware program ImageTool, Version 3 (University of Texas, San Antonio, TX).
Determination of plasma VEGF levels
Whole blood was collected via cardiac puncture with a 25-G needle from 6- to 8-day-old wild-type and Rap1b−/− mice anesthetized with 2.5% tribromoethanol into a 1-mL syringe preloaded with 24 μL anticoagulant (HEPES-Tyrode buffer with 150 U/mL heparin). Plasma was collected by centrifugation of anticoagulated blood at 2600g for 10 minutes and stored at −20°C. VEGF levels of each plasma sample in duplicate were measured using Bio-Plex Mouse VEGF detection assay and Bio-Plex 200 instrument powered by Luminex xMAP detection technology on RP1 high target value calibration setting according to the manufacturer's protocol (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).
Analysis of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into dividing retinal endothelial cells
Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) solution in sterile Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was administered to mice at 0.1 mg/g body weight by intraperitoneal injection. Retinas were prepared as described in “Analysis of retinal neovascularization,” and incorporation of BrdU into endothelial cells was visualized with an anti-BrdU antibody, concurrently with isolectin staining. A quarter of each retina was imaged using a Leica TCS SP2 Laser Scanning Confocal microscope (Leica Micro-systems, Bannockburn, IL) and overlapping images of the imaged area were assembled into a composite using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). BrdU-positive cells were counted in approximately one quarter of each analyzed retina.
Aortic ring sprouting assay and characterization of the neovascular outgrowths
Thin prep aortic ring assay was performed as described before23 using thoracic aortas obtained from 2-month-old Rap1b−/− mice or age-matched wild-type controls. Briefly, 1- to 2-mm aortic rings were embedded in growth factor–depleted Matrigel (BD Biosciences) in 12-well plates in the presence of recombinant human bFGF or VEGF-A at a concentration range from 5 to 100 ng/mL (both from R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) in high-glucose DMEM (DMEM; Mediatech, Herndon, VA). As a positive control, rings were stimulated with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), which induced an abundant sprouting in rings from both genotypes. The plates were incubated at 37°C, with 5% CO2, for 4 to 6 days, and photographed, and vascular sprouts were scored. The ring assays were performed 6 times for each growth factor.
Murine lung endothelial cell preparation, culture, and analysis
Cells were isolated from lungs of 6- to 9-day-old pups by serial immunoselection with Dynabeads M-450 sheep anti–rat IgG beads (Invitrogen) conjugated to purified rat antimouse CD31 antibody (first sort) and antimouse CD102 antibody, as described before.24 Briefly, lungs were harvested from 2 pups, dissected free of visible connective tissue, and rinsed in high-glucose DMEM containing 20% FBS (Atlanta Biologicals, Atlanta, GA). The tissues were finely minced, and digested in 15 mL collagenase I (180 to 200 U/mL; Worthington Biochemical, Lakewood, NJ) or 10 mL collagenase/dispase (0.05/0.4 U/mL; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) solution in PBS at 37°C for 45 minutes to disperse tissue. Cells were plated on T-25 tissue culture flasks coated with human fibronectin (Invitrogen; at 2.5 μg/mL in sterile filtered PBS) and cultured in high-glucose DMEM containing 20% FCS; 100 μg/mL endothelial cell growth supplement (Biomedical Technologies, Stoughton, MA), 100 μg/mL heparin, nonessential amino acids, 2 mM l-glutamine, sodium pyruvate, 25 mM HEPES, and penicillin/streptomycin as antibiotic and cultured at 37°C in a CO2 incubator. Cells were used within 3 passages following the second sort. The purity of the cultures was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of surface expression of PECAM-1 and VEGFR-2, and the endothelial phenotype was confirmed by positive immunofluorescent staining of confluent cultures for the presence of VE-cadherin in cell-cell junctions.
Analysis of Rap1 mRNA expression
For analysis of mRNA expression, total RNA was isolated from cultured wild-type and Rap1b−/− mouse lung endothelial cells using RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. cDNA was synthesized using RETROscript kit (Ambion, Applied Biosystems, Austin, TX) using random decamers as primers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using TaqMan gene expression assays for mouse Rap1a, Rap1b, and 18SrRNA as internal control and Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA).
Wound-healing migration assay
Cells were counted at seeding and an equal number of cells was plated for each genotype, 9 × 104 cells per well of a 6-well plate. Migration was assayed within 24 to 48 hours of seeding. Confluent cultures of PECAM-1– and ICAM-2–positive cells were scratched with a 20-μL microtip and placed in serum-free DMEM containing the angiogenic factor, as described. The wound was photographed; the cells were cultured for an additional 12 hours and then photographed again. The distance between the edges of the wound was measured. Each experiment was repeated 4 times with cells obtained from 4 different preparations.
Analysis of signaling in lung endothelial cells
Cells seeded at a subconfluent density (80 000 cells per well of a 6-well tissue culture or 250 000 cells per 60-mm plate) were cultured overnight. To obtain quiescence, cells were placed in serum-free culture medium for 4 to 24 hours and treated with angiogenic cytokines as described. For analysis of Rap1 activity, stimulated cells were lysed in lysis buffer (75 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% deoxycholic acid, 0.1% SDS in 50 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.4] with protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail), and the GTP-bound fraction of Rap1 was measured using a RalGDS-GST pull-down method as described before.25 An aliquot of each lysate was saved and analyzed for actin content by Western blotting as a measure of protein loading. p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation were measured by Western blot analysis using a phospho-p38 MAP kinase and phospho- and actin-specific antibody for protein normalization.
To quantify GTP-bound Rap1, p38, and ERK phosphorylation, intensities of specific bands on Western blots were determined using ImageQuant software analysis (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA) of scanned images. First, normalized values of Rap1 or phospho-specific bands were derived by dividing the value for the phospho-specific signal by the value obtained for actin for the respective condition. Next, fold induction of Rap1-GTP or MAPK phosphorylation was calculated by dividing values normalized for actin content from growth factor–treated samples by values from serum-free control samples. Lastly, the values for fold induction of MAPK phosphorylation of knockout samples were expressed as percentage of wild-type values. Such derived values from individual experiments were averaged and mean fold induction was plotted with SEM as error bars.
The hypothesis that Rap1b deficiency leads to a decreased number of BrdU-positive nuclei in the retinas was tested with a one-sided t test. For analysis of neovascularization of DIVAA, values of fluorescence obtained from cells recovered from Matrigel plugs containing 500 ng/mL VEGF or 187.5 ng/mL bFGF and 62.5 ng/mL VEGF were compared between WT and KO mice using a 2-sided t test. P values lower than .05 were considered statistically significant.
In lower organisms and model cellular systems, Rap1 is known to regulate a number of basic phenomena: adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation.26,27 In endothelial cells in vivo these phenomena underlie angiogenesis. We generated Rap1b−/− mice and characterized their platelet phenotype.19 To determine whether angiogenesis, the main mechanism of vascular remodeling during late development and after birth, is affected in Rap1b−/− mice, we used 2 in vivo systems: modification of the Matrigel plug assay and neonatal retinal neovascularization as in vivo models of angiogenesis.
Analysis of neovascularization of implanted Matrigel capsules in vivo
Directed in vivo angiogenesis assay (DIVAA; Trevigen) is a modification of the Matrigel invasion assay that involves subcutaneous implantation of sterile surgical silicone capsules, angioreactors, containing Matrigel supplemented with angiogenic factors. This method has been used to quantitatively assess angiogenesis28,29–30 and, compared with standard Matrigel plug assay, may help prevent assay errors due to Matrigel absorption. Angioreactors containing 187.5 ng/mL bFGF + 62.5 ng/mL VEGF or 500 ng/mL VEGF were placed subcutaneously in wild-type and Rap1b−/− animals for 14 days. The number of cells recovered from angioreactors implanted in Rap1b−/− mice was significantly decreased in response to either treatment compared with that in wild-type mice (Figure 1).
Analysis of in vivo retinal angiogenesis in rap1b−/− mice
Vascularization of the murine retina commences after birth as the vessels originating at the optic nerve head spread radially over the inner surface of the retina on the pre-existing template of astrocytes, guided by a gradient of VEGF-A to form an initially 2-dimensional vascular plexus.31 Measurement of the fluorescently labeled isolectin-stained vascularized area of the fixed retinas provides a quantitative assessment of angiogenesis.32 Such measurements performed in retinas from 7-day-old (P7) Rap1b−/− mice revealed a significant decrease in the vascular area compared with Rap1b+/− littermates (Figure 2A,B; Table 1). There was no significant reduction in the vascularized area of Rap1b+/− mice compared with wild-type littermates (Figure 2C,D; Table 1). Similar analysis performed at P14 revealed full vascularization of the retinas in Rap1b+/− and littermate Rap1b−/− mice (Figure 2E,F), indicating that the reduced vascularization at P7 is a reflection of a developmental delay rather than complete inhibition of vascularization. Microscopic analysis of retinas immunolabeled for glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, revealed a normal pattern of astrocyte network in Rap1b-deficient retinas (data not shown), suggesting a vascular rather than a glial defect in Rap1b−/−mice.
|Vascularized area||Total area|
|Rap1b+/− vs Rap1b−/−||57.3 ± 3.4||74.3 ± 2.5||—||76.7 ± 3.8||89.0 ± 9.9|
|Rap1b+/− vs Rap1b+/+||—||73.7 ± 3.0||72.3 ± 3.4||102.3 ± 2.9||100.2 ± 1.1|
|Vascularized area||Total area|
|Rap1b+/− vs Rap1b−/−||57.3 ± 3.4||74.3 ± 2.5||—||76.7 ± 3.8||89.0 ± 9.9|
|Rap1b+/− vs Rap1b+/+||—||73.7 ± 3.0||72.3 ± 3.4||102.3 ± 2.9||100.2 ± 1.1|
Data are means plus or minus SEM of percentages of vascularized area to total area or total area relative to littermate controls. Quantitation of the vascularized area of the P7 retinas as a percentage of the total retinal area indicates a reduction in vascularized area of retinas from rap1b−/− mice compared with rap1b+/− littermates (top row), but no difference between rap1b+/− and WT littermates (bottom row; n = 5 for either group). There is no significant difference in the total retinal area between mutant and control mice (far right column).
— indicates not applicable.
To determine whether lower VEGF concentration could be responsible for the inhibition of neovascularization in Rap1b−/− retinas, we tested VEGF levels in blood plasma collected from 6- to 8-day-old mice using the Bio-Plex Mouse VEGF detection assay. Plasma VEGF was elevated in 6-day-old and normal in 7- and 8-day-old Rap1b−/− mice compared with normal controls (Figure 3). Because Rap1b deficiency leads to an elevated rather than decreased VEGF level, Rap1b is unlikely to regulate angiogenesis through a paracrine mechanism involving up-regulation of VEGF.33
Decreased in vivo proliferation of Rap1b−/− retinal endothelial cells
In the developing retina, vessel outgrowth occurs by proliferation of endothelial cells forming the tubes and migration of endothelial tip cells in response to the VEGF gradient released from the underlying astrocytes.31,34 To investigate if Rap1b deficiency affects the proliferation rate of the retinal endothelial cells, we analyzed BrdU incorporation into their nuclei 4 hours after intraperitoneal injection into Rap1b−/−, Rap1b+/−, and normal P7 mice (Figure 4). We found the number of BrdU-positive nuclei significantly lower in Rap1b−/− mice compared with normal mice (284 ± 75 vs 543 ± 101; average ± SEM; P < .05; Figure 4B), while the size of the Rap1b−/− retinas was not significantly different from that of normal retinas (Table 1), indicating a decreased level of endothelial cell proliferation in Rap1b−/− retinas.
Decreased ex vivo angiogenesis indicates vascular defect in Rap1b−/− mice
The observed defective angiogenesis in Rap1b−/− retinas could result from an environmental defect other than VEGF expression, such as altered expression of surface receptors on astrocytes providing the template for vascular outgrowth; or it could be a reflection of an intrinsic defect in the retinal endothelial cells leading to a decreased angiogenic response. To test the hypothesis that the angiogenic defect is at least in part due to a defect in vasculature, we examined the ability of VEGF-A, a major physiological regulator of angiogenesis, and of bFGF, another angiogenic factor, to induce microvessel growth from quiescent Rap1b−/− and wild-type aortic explants ex vivo. Wild-type aortas subjected to bFGF and VEGF for 6 days exhibited vessel sprouting, with a maximum number of sprouts occurring at days 4 and 5, after which time the sprouts began to regress (data not shown). At all time points (days 4-6) and all concentrations of growth factor tested, microcapillary outgrowth from Rap1b−/− aortas was reduced compared with that of wild-type aortas and was not overcome by increased concentration of the angiogenic factor or increased length of time in culture (Figure 5 and data not shown). Thus, defective sprouting in the Rap1b−/− aortic cultures is, at least in part, a reflection of the decreased ability of Rap1b−/− vascular cells to become activated by external angiogenic factors. In the absence of exogenous factor, we observed limited sprouting in the wild-type cultures. This spontaneous sprouting, likely due to the release of angiogenic factors from the vessel walls, was reduced in the Rap1b−/− cultures (data not shown). Thus, a paracrine effect may be contributing to the decreased sprouting response in the Rap1b−/− aortas.
Decreased migration of Rap1b-deficient lung endothelial cells in vitro
To analyze the effect of Rap1b deficiency on endothelial cell migration, we used primary lung microcapillary endothelial cells isolated from wild-type and Rap1b−/− mice. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of surface expression of PECAM-1 and VEGFR2 revealed homogenous endothelial populations with similar levels of surface receptor expression on wild-type and Rap1b−/− cells, indicating the purity of the endothelial cells (Figure S1A, available on the Blood website; see the Supplemental Materials link at the top of the online article). The endothelial phenotype was further confirmed by the positive staining for VE-cadherin in adherens junctions of cultured cells (Figure S1B). Because Rap1a is still expected to be present in Rap1b−/− cells, we analyzed total level of Rap1 protein in Rap1b−/− cells to find that it was reduced to 6.4% (± 1.4%) that of wild-type cells (Figure S1C). To assess relative expression levels of the 2 isoforms, we performed quantitative analysis of Rap1a and Rap1b mRNA levels in wild-type and Rap1b−/− cells. We found that Rap1b mRNA was more abundant in wild-type cells than Rap1a mRNA. We did not detect up-regulation of Rap1a mRNA in Rap1b−/− cells.
To establish if defective migration might be responsible for the defective angiogenesis in Rap1b−/− mice, we performed a wound healing assay. Confluent monolayer cultures of lung endothelial cells isolated from Rap1b−/− and wild-type mice were wounded with a pipette tip and subjected to VEGF-A (Figure 6A) or bFGF (Figure 6B) stimulation. Cells at the wound edge migrated into the wound, closing it over time. Migration rate expressed as the change in the distance between the edges of the wound was measured over time. Wound healing progress was significantly delayed in Rap1b-deficient cells compared with normal cells in response to either VEGF or bFGF (Figure 6C; P < .05), indicating that Rap1b is required for normal migration in response to angiogenic factor stimulation.
Signaling downstream from VEGFR2
To test if Rap1b is acting downstream from VEGFR2, we assessed Rap1 activation in endothelial cells in response to treatment with 50 ng/mL VEGF-A. We observed a rapid, transient increase in Rap1 activity in wild-type cells with maximum activation at 1 to 5 minutes (Figure 7A). As expected, under these conditions of stimulation, we did not detect Rap1 activity in Rap1b−/− cells (Figure S1C).
Next, we assessed activation of p38 MAPK, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement required for endothelial cell migration in VEGF-induced angiogenesis.4 We analyzed the ability of both bFGF and VEGF to induce activation-dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and found that treatment of cells with either growth factor induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, an effect that was significantly decreased in Rap1b−/− cells in response to either factor (Figure 7B). p42/44 ERK is an important regulator of endothelial proliferation. Because we observed a decreased rate of proliferation in the retina (Figure 4), we analyzed the effect of bFGF and VEGF treatment on the activation of p42/44 ERK. We found that activation-specific phosphorylation of p42/44 ERK was decreased in Rap1b−/− cells compared with wild-type cells in response to VEGF, but not bFGF (Figure 7C). This finding is consistent with the decreased proliferation in the retina, where astrocyte-released VEGF is the main angiogenic factor.35
Thus, we conclude that Rap1b deficiency in endothelial cells leads to decreased signaling downstream from VEGF receptor to p38 MAPK and p42/44 ERK. Such decreased signaling via MAPK in endothelial cells may provide at least a partial molecular explanation for the decreased angiogenesis in vivo and ex vivo in Rap1b−/− mice.
This study shows that Rap1 is required for normal angiogenesis as Rap1b deficiency leads to decreased neovascularization and endothelial cell proliferation in vivo. Ex vivo, our studies show that the defect is, at least partially, intrinsic in vasculature due to defective endothelial cell activation in response to VEGF-A or bFGF. We identify Rap1b as an important regulator of endothelial cell migration and we show that Rap1b deficiency leads to a decreased ability of either angiogenic factor to activate p38 MAPK, one of the critical biochemical regulators of migration. We also show that activation of p42/44 ERK, a key MAP kinase responsible for proliferative effects of VEGF-A, is decreased in Rap1b−/− cells, a finding consistent with the in vivo findings of decreased Rap1b−/− endothelial cell proliferation in the retina, where VEGF-A is the main angiogenic factor.
Key events involved in angiogenesis are endothelial cell activation, migration, proliferation, and tubule formation. Our studies indicate that Rap1b is involved in the first 3 of those. Both in vivo, in the developing retina, and ex vivo, in aortic rings, Rap1b deficiency leads to decreased vascular proliferation. The lower rate of retinal endothelial cell proliferation is likely to be responsible for the decreased level of vascularization visible at P7, but would still allow for the vessels to spread over the entire retina over time as evidence by fully vascularized primary plexus at P14. The decreased rate of proliferation may still persist at that time, but would be occurring only in deeper levels of the retina, thus not readily amenable to quantitation. The decreased proliferation is not caused by lower levels of VEGF in the plasma, which is actually elevated at day 6 in Rap1b−/− animals. Outside of the retina, where astrocyte-released VEGF is the main angiogenic factor,35 multiple other factors are involved and Rap1b deficiency may affect other aspects of paracrine signaling. One piece of evidence that may support this is the fact that there is lower spontaneous vascular outgrowth from aortic rings in the absence of exogenous growth factor, presumably due to lower release of various angiogenic factors from the vascular wall in Rap1b−/− aortas. Nonetheless, with the addition of exogenous bFGF or VEGF there is an increase in growth in wild-type but not in Rap1b−/− aortas. Previous work has shown that the cells growing out of aortic rings are endothelial cells at the core of the sprout with smooth muscle cells irregularly covering the surface of the sprout.36,37 Reduced vascular sprouting from Rap1b−/− aortas may therefore reflect a defect in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. While the latter will need to be investigated, endothelial cells form the core of sprouts, and thus the absence of sprouts reflects an endothelial defect. Interestingly, p38 MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in mural cell recruitment during neovascularization.38 It will need to be examined if p38 is also decreased in Rap1b−/− smooth muscle cells. In vitro, we find that VEGF-induced activation of ERK is decreased in cells from Rap1b−/− mice. This is consistent with our hypothesis that Rap1b regulates VEGF-induced proliferation by modulating p42/44 ERK activation. In contrast, Rap1b does not appear to be required for bFGF-induced ERK activation. This differential effect is not surprising, as the pathway from VEGF receptor stimulation to ERK activation has been described as atypical, not requiring the standard Grb2-Shc-ras activation upstream from Raf1-MEK-ERK, but rather relying on PKC-dependent activation of Raf1.39 It will be important to determine whether Rap1 is directly involved in regulation of that pathway. Moreover, both the mode and localization of the GEF responsible for activating Rap1 may be critical for the ability of Rap1 to activate downstream signaling and may help explain the differential effects of FGF and VEGF-A on the activation of ERK in Rap1b−/− cells.40 One such site where Rap1 could be interacting with downstream effectors is in the caveolae, where Rap1 localizes.41
Endothelial cell migration is a key step in angiogenesis and a complex process where coordinated signaling from angiogenic cytokine receptors, such as the VEGF receptor, and integrins leads to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activation of p38 MAP kinase downstream from the VEGF receptor42 is a required step in the process.4 Here, we show the absence of Rap1b in endothelial cells leads to decreased p38 MAPK activation in response to VEGF-A. Rap1 has been previously shown to regulate p38 MAPK in other cellular contexts.43,44 In addition to p38 MAPK activation, Rap1 may regulate other signaling pathways involved in VEGF-induced migration by several mechanisms. Rap1 has a well-documented role in promoting integrin-mediated adhesion in many cell systems,12 including endothelial cells.45 The effect of Rap1 on integrin activation may be direct via one of the several putative effectors of Rap1b described in other cell types,46,47–48 or via a cross talk with VEGF downstream signaling49 and alterations in the actin cytoskeleton. Downstream from integrin activation, Rap1 may regulate formation and stability of focal adhesions through its downstream target, the tyrosine kinase Etk/Bmx,50 also shown to affect angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in vivo.51 Rap1 may also be involved in other mechanisms required for directed migration, such as the recruitment of Rac1, promoting both adhesion and lamellipodia formation required for migration.52 Lastly, Rap1 may be regulating migration of endothelial cells by promoting relocalization of its effector capable of interacting with integrins, Nore1b, to the leading edge of migrating cells.52,53
We show that Rap1b becomes rapidly and transiently activated in response to VEGF treatment, but we do not know how this activation occurs. Previous work on Rap1 in endothelial cells has focused on its role in the formation and maintenance of cell-cell junctions14 and indicated that several GEFs are involved in that process. Direct activation of Epac via elevation of cAMP level promotes cell-cell junction formation, while dissociation of cadherin-based junctions leads to activation of Rap1 via PDZ-GEF and C3G and may be a part of a cross-talk mechanism with integrins in epithelial cells.17 C3G, one of the most abundant GEFs expressed in mouse lung endothelial cells (Sribalaji Lakshmikanthan, M.C.-W., unpublished data, June 2007), is a likely candidate for linking VEGFR2 activation and phosphorylation with Rap1 activation. VEGF treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells leads to the recruitment of C3G and adapter protein Crk complex to the VEGFR2. Inhibition of Rap1 downstream from C3G in endothelial cells blocks VEGF-induced integrin activation.45 In addition, genetic deletion of C3G leads to an in vivo defect in vascular integrity, hemorrhage, and embryonic lethality of mutant mice, at least in part due to abnormal cell adhesion and migration.54,55 While a recent report has shown that activation of Epac downstream from the A2BAR adenosine receptor leads to activation of ERK1/2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the mechanism in this case did not involve cross talk with the VEGFR2.56 The identity of the activating GEF downstream from the VEGFR2 remains to be established.
Our data show that Rap1b is the predominant Rap1 isoform expressed in endothelial cells, and it is responsible for the majority of Rap1 activity in these cells. This does not exclude the possibility that the existing Rap1a is sufficient for signaling required for blood vessel formation. Alternatively, Rap1b may just be an important positive regulator of angiogenesis, albeit not critically required. Because Rap1a−/−/Rap1b−/− double knockout mice are early embryonic lethal, precluding the analysis of the vessels (M.C.-W., G.C.W., Lawrence Quilliam, unpublished data), a conditional, tissue-specific knockout analysis will have to be used in answering the question of the relative importance of each of the Rap1 isoforms in blood vessel formation.
The in vivo findings from the retinal angiogenesis model, used here as a quantitative model of angiogenesis, may be of a clinical significance in their own right, as deregulated angiogenesis leads to retinopathies, in particular diabetic retinopathy, a leading feature of blinding diseases.57 Further study is required to fully characterize the extent of defects in the Rap1b−/− retinas in order to establish if inhibiting Rap1b activity in the retina could provide a therapeutic strategy in proliferative retinopathies.
In conclusion, these studies show that Rap1b is required for normal angiogenesis and reveal a novel role of Rap1 in regulation of proangiogenic signaling in endothelial cell activation and migration. Thus, Rap1-deficient mice provide an important model to study endothelial cell functions and, in particular, angiogenesis.
An Inside Blood analysis of this article appears at the front of this issue.
The online version of this article contains a data supplement.
The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. Therefore, and solely to indicate this fact, this article is hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 USC section 1734.
We thank Drs M. E. Hartnett and J. McColm and Mr P. Geisen for help with retinal preparation and imaging and Ms L. Botros for technical assistance.
This work was supported by American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 0235127N (M.C.-W.) and National Institutes of Health grant HL-45100 (G.C.W.).
National Institutes of Health
Contribution: M.C.-W. designed and performed research, analyzed and interpreted data, performed statistical analysis, and wrote the paper; A.E.K. performed research, collected and analyzed data, and approved the paper; D.G. performed research, collected and analyzed data, performed statistical analysis, and approved the paper; G.C.W. analyzed data and critically revised the paper; and J.V. performed research, collected and analyzed data, and approved the paper.
Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The authors declare no compet-ing financial interests.
Correspondence: Magdalena Chrzanowska-Wodnicka, Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, PO Box 2178, Milwaukee, WI 53201-2178; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org.

domain: biology


text:
Back Door Monkey, Wynwood’s new retro Asian restaurant, is bringing its Asian Fusion WWII flare to Miami Spice! The Back Door Monkey Miami Spice menu is filled with selected mouth-watering appetizers, unforgettable entrees, and sweet desserts that can be enjoyed on its weatherproof outdoor patio or in the comfort of your own home! Locals can savor the gastronomical 3-course meal all for $39.
Back Door Monkey will continue to serve its everyday menu with the option of the Miami Spice menu to choose from. Guests can complete their meal with a one-of-a-kind cocktail during its Happy Hour between Thursday to Saturday from 5 -7 p.m.
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Back Door Monkey is currently opened Thursday through Sunday and closed Monday through Wednesday. Thursday through Saturday hours are 5 p.m. to 3 a.m., and Sunday hours are 5 p.m. to 12 a.m. Happy Hour is served from Thursday to Saturday from 5 to 7 p.m.
From the creators of The Dirty Rabbit, Back Door Monkey whisks away its visitors to another time with its funky ambiance, upbeat music, dinner party vibes and tasty Asian fusion cuisine. With 1940s WWII inspired decor including a DJ booth made from a war tank, Back Door Monkey is sure to make its mark in Miami’s eclectic Wynwood neighborhood. Along with its unique atmosphere, Back Door Monkey delivers Asian Fusion favorites like chilled seafood treats, hot appetizers and entrees, and a signature cocktail menu. Get ready to indulge in a one-of-a-kind gastronomical experience! Back Door Monkey is located at 2328 N Miami Ave, Miami, FL 33127. Learn more about Back Door Monkey by visiting us at our website BackDoorMonkey.com. Follow Back Door Monkey on Instagram at @BackDoorMonkey and on Facebook at FB.com/BackDoorMonkey.

domain: food


text:
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domain: entertainment


text:
In showbiz, there's long been a double-standard when it comes to aging: while men like Brad Pitt continue to get award-worthy leading roles, women over a certain age are pushed to the sidelines — but Halle Berry, who turned 55 on August 14, is excited to be the face of change.
The star's most recent project, Netflix sports drama Bruised, centers on a disgraced mixed martial arts fighter looking for redemption — and while execs originally had 34-year-old Blake Lively in mind for the role, Berry saw the script and thought that with a few tweaks, she could play the character perfectly.
"They gave me the script and I loved the story, but it was written for a twenty-something Irish Catholic white woman," she told Entertainment Weekly. "I couldn't get it out of my mind, so I thought, is it possible that this could be reimagined for someone like me? Because I think I have a take on it that could actually work — making it about a middle-aged Black woman, someone fighting for a last chance rather than another chance."
"When you're young we all get chances, they're a dime a dozen," the Oscar winner noted. "But when you're at a certain stage in life it becomes something more impactful and meaningful, right?"
"So about six months later when [Lively] decided in her own time that it wasn't for her, I went to the producer, Basil Iwanyk, who I'd just done John Wick 3 with, and gave him my pitch," Berry recalled. "And he said, 'Great, we love that idea. Now go find a director.'"
It was then that the mom-of-two had a realization.
"I had to go back and say, 'I've tried really hard, but what's in my head, no one else sees. This is going to sound really crazy because it's crazy for me to even think it, but I think I should direct this,'" she told Iwanyk, who agreed to give her the reins, marking her first time as a director.
The actress poured her blood, sweat and tears into the project – in fact, she broke two ribs on the first day of shooting, but since she didn't want to delay production, she worked through the pain.
Her hard work has paid off, and on November 24, Netflix users will get to see so themselves.
"It used to be when you were 40 your career was done, and I mean really done," insisted the Monster's Ball star. "Or you had to wait until you were old enough to play a grandma, and then you could have another bite at the apple, right? I mean, I couldn't think that I'd be playing an MMA fighter at 54 years old. Yet I did, so it's got to be changing. I'm proof of that."


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Model turned actress Pooja Hegde made her Bollywood debut with Ashutosh Govarikar’s directorial period drama Mohenjo Daro (2016).
The actress was born on 13th October 1990 in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Although, her family’s roots belong to Mangalore.
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Pooja crowned Miss India South 2010 and Miss India talented 2009. Before entering Bollywood, she made acting debut in 2012 Tamil superhero film Mugamoodi opposite Jiiva.
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Jun 2016 |
Doc #AP41490216 |
This IDC Flash summarizes (along with IDC opinions) the key devices-related announcements from the COMPUTEX trade show, which took place in Taipei from May 31 to June 4, 2016. Despite the organizer's efforts to shift the event's focus to ...
Mar 2016 |
Doc #US41031016 |
This IDC Insight covers IDC's assessment of the ARM ecosystem and ARM's push to make this ecosystem a strong alternative to the well-established x86 ecosystem.
Nov 2015 |
Doc #US40612415 |
This IDC Insight analyzes the major events from the ARM Industry Analyst Day held on Monday, November 9, 2015, and from the ARM TechCon conference being held from Tuesday, November 10, 2015, through Thursday, November 12, 2015.

domain: news


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Funding boost supports works by BIPOC in Dallas arts scene – NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth
#Funding #boost #supports #works #BIPOC #Dallas #arts #scene #NBC #DallasFort #Worth
results about Funding boost supports works by BIPOC in Dallas arts scene – NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth
Four Dallas arts organizations producing new works got a funding boost so they can turn imagination and innovation into artistic reality.
On Tuesday night, TACA (The Arts Community Alliance) announced the 2023 recipients of its New Works Fund. Cara Mía Theatre, Dallas Theater Center, Nasher Sculpture and Verdigris Ensemble will share the $125,000 distribution to support the creation of new works that will be seen in 2024.
“Since the New Works Fund’s inception, TACA and our esteemed jurors have identified groundbreaking projects that support local artists, explore new ideas, inspire innovation, challenge traditional thinking, and keep art fresh and relevant, especially among underrepresented artists,” said Maura Sheffler, Donna Wilhelm Family president and executive director.
TACA New Works Fund was established in 2012 to support the development and performance of new works in Dallas County. The fund has provided $1,112,500 in grants to support 36 new works of art in North Texas.
Since the pandemic and with the endorsement of its Board of Directors, TACA has refocused the grant to provide support for new works of performing, literary, and visual art in varying stages of development by BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color), LGBTQ+, and female artists.
This year’s distribution was made possible by the generosity of Presenting Sponsor Texas Instruments.
“Just as art from the past provides a window into our cultural histories, new works of art say much about our diverse communities today,” said Andy Smith, executive director of the TI Foundation. “TACA’s New Works Fund helps artists – especially those whose voices are historically unheard – explore and express their cultural identities in new and innovative ways. This is important to keep our arts community vibrant now and into the future. We’re excited about this year’s New Works Fund recipients and how they are expressing their artistic visions of the world around us.”
Additional support is provided by PNC, Rea Charitable Trust, and Anne Davidson, with founding support from the Donna Wilhelm Family Fund. The recipients were selected by a panel of local and national artists and arts managers through a competitive application and review process.
Two productions of new plays are among the recipients.
Cara Mía Theatre received $25,000 for Yanga written by Jaime Chabaud and translated by Tomas Ayala-Torres. The play will be produced in partnership with Soul Rep Theatre Company from Feb. 17, 2024, to March 3, 2024.
The collaborating Dallas area theaters, working in association with Mulato Teatro from Mexico, will present the world premiere of the play inspired by the real-life story of Gaspar Yanga, an enslaved African Prince who led a rebellion and successfully negotiated an independent territory with the Spanish crown less than 100 years after the arrival of Hernán Cortés in Mexico. Translated into English for the first time, Yanga sheds light on the roots of the Afro-Mexican experience.
Dallas Theater Center received $10,000 for Jonathan Norton’s: I AM DELIVERED’T, scheduled to be presented Feb. 2-18, 2024.
Good Friday. The New Jerusalem Missionary Baptist Church’s Seven Last Words service is in full swing. But outside – in the church parking lot – another resurrection story is taking shape. This world premiere new comedy by DTC Playwright in Residence, Jonathan Norton, introduces theater audiences to African American church Usher Board culture as it intersects with the jubilation and tribulation of same-gender loving African American Christians. I AM DELIVERED’T is a co-production between Dallas Theater Center and the Actors Theatre of Louisville.
With this production, the Dallas Theater Center launched a pilot program called the “Ambassador Program,” a group of staff and board members traveling around Dallas to specific communities to engage people with the creation of the work, bring more awareness to the play and the institution, and invite newcomers to the theater.
For the first time, visual arts are among this year’s recipients.
“We’re especially pleased this year to make our first New Works grant for a visual arts piece to the Nasher Sculpture Center,” Sheffler said.
The Nasher Sculpture Center received $50,000 for Hugh Hayden: America, planned for September 2024 – January 2025.
The exhibition will feature newly commissioned work by Dallas native, Hugh Hayden. Currently in development, the new sculptural works will invite visitors to examine familiar objects through a slightly sinister, critical lens. The goal of America is to use Hayden’s signature spiky wooden thorns to explore childhood, community, public space, individualism, safety, and, as referenced in the exhibition’s title: the American Dream. This installation and exhibition of new work will be accompanied by robust public programming, including school tours, workshops, and an artist talk.
“The Nasher Sculpture Center is honored to be a recipient of a grant from 2023 New Works Fund,” said Director Jeremy Strick. “This grant—the first of its kind to a visual arts organization—allows the Nasher to present a series of newly commissioned works in the Nasher’s garden and galleries. Hugh Hayden: America, on view beginning in September 2024, is a homecoming for the artist and a chance for us to present his important works to our Dallas community. The New Works Fund is one of many examples of TACA’s important work to support culture in North Texas.”
Verdigris Ensemble received $40,000 for Mis-Lead, composed by Kirsten Soriano. The choral ensemble will present the world premiere performance of the piece from April 5-7, 2024.
This stunningly sobering account of West Dallas’s lead-infused past shines a light on one of the most impactful environmental challenges in the City’s history. In collaboration with Dallas Free Press – using eye-witness accounts, newspaper articles, city council transcripts, and community conversations – Verdigris mixes bilingual poetry with docu-journalism to chronicle a community in need. This dynamic new work honors the generations of Dallasites affected by lead-smelting, reminding us that the first step to environmental justice starts at home.
Learn more: TACA
Thank you for reading Funding boost supports works by BIPOC in Dallas arts scene – NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth

domain: artistic


All Aboard *de Poezenboot*! Pt.3
I recently had the pleasure to take a trip to my favorite international city, Amsterdam. I first visited this wonderful city in 1998. Although I have traveled to most European countries, I hadn’t had a chance to return to Amsterdam until 2011. At that time, I was fortunate to discover the Poezenboot, a cat shelter/sanctuary permanently docked in the Singel canal. I visited the boat and met Ruth and Judith, two staff members who were super-nice and very informative. They gave me a detailed tour and told me some of the history of the Poezenboot. I wrote an article about the experience for Catnip magazine.
On my recent trip to Amsterdam, I stayed with a friend whose new apartment just happens to be right around the corner from the Poezenboot. Naturally, I went to visit. On the day I went, the Poezenboot’s hours of operation were from 1:00 to 3:00. I arrived at 12:30. Sitting outside, on the sidewalk adjacent to the stairs leading down to the boat, were four people who I assumed were employees. I recognized Ruth immediately. Before I could re-introduce myself, Ruth said that they don’t open until 1:00. “Yes”, she said, giving me a look that said, “Do I know you?”
“I don’t know if you remember that about two years ago, I visited and wrote an article about the Poezenboot for a magazine…”
“Oh yes! Of course! You’re the doctor!” she exclaimed. I told her that I was visiting Amsterdam and that I wanted to stop by and say hi and see the kitties again. I asked if Judith still worked there. “Yes, Judith is inside. Come on in!”
I descended the stairs into the front reception area, where Judith was working. “Judith, remember the doctor who visited and wrote about us two years ago?”, said Ruth. “He’s back for a visit!” Judith instantly recognized me and greeted me warmly. After a brief chat, she led me through the door to the main area, where I found about a dozen cats milling about.
These were the “resident cats” that lived on the boat, and weren’t necessarily being advertised as being up for adoption, as many of them were comfortable with the other cats, but not that personable with people. In the cages against the wall were the ones for adoption. In the quarantine room were a bunch of kittens being readied (tested, vaccinated) before being placed in the adoption room. Naturally, I mingled with the kitties, both caged and free-roaming.
Judith then made me a nice offer: it wasn’t quite feeding time yet, but Judith agreed to feed the cats early, and she gave me the honor of actually putting the food in the bowls and putting the bowls on the floor. This allowed Brad to take a video of me feeding the kitties, and to take many other fun photographs of some fine-looking felines.
Although the boat was brimming with cute kitties, the most striking had to be Sinatra. One look at those blue eyes and it’s obvious how he earned the moniker.
After a little more cavorting with the kitties and staff, it was time to leave. As I was making my way through the reception area, the two people who were sitting on the sidewalk chairs when I arrived had just entered the reception area, as it had just turned 1:00 and the Poezenboot was open for business. I thought they were employees. It turns out that they were vacationing, from the U.S., and they decided to pop by and visit. Their inspiration for the visit was music to my ears.
“You should know, we’re visiting the Poezenboot because of that Catnip article you spoke about before”, said the woman to me. She had overheard me discussing the article with Ruth when I approached the boat. “We’re from Massachusetts, and we read the article you wrote for Catnip in our veterinarian’s waiting room. We said that if we ever visit Amsterdam, we need to check out the Poezenboot.”
Writers always wonder if the articles we write have much of an impact on their audience. We hope so, but without much feedback, we’re never really sure. It was great to hear that my article did have a direct, and doubly great to witness it firsthand. I’m sure that the visitors made a much-needed donation while they were visiting, as the Poezenboot operates on a shoestring budget.
Enjoy the photos. Hopefully others will be inspired to visit, and make a donation after reading about my visits. It’s really a fun, unconventional thing to do when visiting Amsterdam, and will delight all cat lovers.


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"One thing remain'd, but highly worth our view, Pool's hole, a cave so call'd, and near us too."(read more)
The Wonders of the Peake by Charles Cotton, published in 1681.
DERSB : 2017.56
Charles Cotton (1630-1687) published this satirical poem just five years after Thomas Hobbes' own 'Wonders of the Peak' poem was translated into English. Cotton's poem recalls a visit to the 'Devil's Arse', nowadays known as Peak Cavern, in Castleton.
Charles Cotton is also known for contributing a treatise on fly fishing for trout in the second edition of Izaak Walton's famous book, The Compleat Angler. Living on the banks of the River Dove, Cotton enjoyed the opportunities provided at the riverside. Walkers can still explore the area around the famous fishing hut that Cotton shared with Izaak Walton, and Pike's Pool at Beresford Dale.
- Rights: Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 Buxton Museum and Art Gallery (part of Derbyshire County Council)
Wonders linked to this object:
Steep, Black and full of Horror, that who dare Looks down into the Chasme, and keeps his Hair From lifting off this Hat, either has none, Or for more Modish Curl casheers his own.(read more)
‘Of the High Peak are seven wonders writ. Two fonts, two caves.One pallace, mount and pit.’Chatsworth House was named as one of the ‘seven wonders of Derbyshire’ in Thomas Hobbes’ Latin poem De Mirabilibus Pecci (Wonders of the Peak), published in 1636.
ON th' English Alps, where Darbies Peak doth rise,High up in Hills, that Emulate the Skies,And largely Waters all the Vales below,With Rivers that still plentifully Flow,Doth Chatsworth by swift Derwins Channel stand,read more)
'Of the High Peak are seven wonders writ. Two fonts, two caves. ... (read more)


President Biden is reviewing the bios of the nominees of the Supreme Court Justice from the last year, and soon he will select the right person for this highly responsible post, Jen Psaki, White House press secretary.
Furthermore, in the today’s remarks of the White House, Mr Biden committed to nominate the Black Female Justice of the Supreme Court for the first time. In addition to this, Mr President will select the nominee till the February ends.
Jen Psaki also told about those people who are playing a significant role in this selection process. She said that President Biden is consulting Vice President and also give respect to her opinion. No doubt, she is highly experienced and also having a history as attorney general and as a judiciary committee member.
Psaki also added that other than Vice president, the Dana Remus, Ron Klain,Cedric Richmond, Lousia Terrell, and Paige Herwig are also playing an important role in the selection of the Justice of the Supreme court.
Selection of Supreme Court Justice Is A Rigorous Process
In addition to this she said that Mr Biden is also consulting the outside expertise other than this team. She said that the White House will also consult with a range of groups on the topic of nomination. Moreover, she will share details of these groups in the future.
Dana Remus and Ron Klain are preparing the bios of the nominees for the president and also consulting Mr Biden, she said. Mr Biden in the light of his experience of senate knows very well the importance of this historic selection process. That’s why in the senate, he is consulting Republicans and Democrats also.
Furthermore, Jen Psaki said that it is a rigorous process. Mr Biden will also meet the nominees of the Supreme Court Justice and he is studying their records with great care and he will also take as much advice as he can, she added.
She also said that this morning Breyer delivered his letter of retirement by hands to the President Biden.


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The complex street pattern in the city centre can be confusing. Memorable buildings, spaces and sculptural details are helpful, as shown in a recent publication commissioned by the County Council to support the case for a culture-led approach to the Transforming Cities Fund programme6, but should be complemented by more conventional wayfinding systems.
Most elements of the current wayfinding system have been in place for 15 years, are hard to maintain, contain some out-of-date information and do not reflect current best practice. Norwich Business Improvement District recently coordinated a pilot project to re-skin some of the totem signs with new intuitive mapping where the maps are orientated according to the position of the viewer in the street with recognisable landmark buildings drawn in three-dimensions. A project to replace or upgrade the system is in the Transforming Cities programme. This will be complemented by the project to improve wayfinding on the riverside walk that is under development, funded by the community infrastructure levy.
The large size of the city centre leads to dividing it into areas, each with a particular character. The map opposite shows the areas that are familiar from tourist maps with one difference – it is proposed that the Creative Quarter is expanded beyond St Crispins Road to encompass the whole of Magdalen Street and St Augustines Street and the area known historically as Over the Water. This adjustment would chime with planning initiatives to reconnect the areas by diminishing the severance caused by the inner ring road. The recent replacement of the subway at the top of St Georges Street with parallel crossings for cyclists and pedestrians was a significant first move.
Analysing the configuration of walking routes, plains, public gardens and destinations is one way to identify where people need help with orientation. These places, where the features of a replacement wayfinding system could be located, are marked on the map. It will be important to check this by finding out from different users of the city centre where they need guiding information and the best format for presenting it.
6 Public art / public realm: a culture-led approach to the Greater Norwich Transforming Cities Fund programme, Urban Movement and Out Design (2019)

domain: geography


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Alyssa Yapyuco & Ian Mirasol spotted at TriNoma with their Punchdrunk Panda Papilio Plimsolls and Eyeballs Boat Shoes!
It was nice to meet you, guys. :)
Congrats on getting spotted with your PdPs and for each winning P200 worth of PdP GCs!
Get your own funky footwear and other awesome graphic-designed products at www.punchdrunkpanda.com!
Flaunt your PdPs and you might be the next one spotted by us. :D
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Skimmer Webisode Shoot BTS: Kasey Albano + Arriane Serafico
Check out some behind-the-scene shots during Kasey and Arriane’s webisode shoot at Heima Store in Cubao Expo :) You can also visit our FB album for more photos!
Catch the premiere of their webisode at Anteroom Sessions 2, March 31, 4pm onwards at Cubao X.
Only 5 DAYS before Anteroom and the launch of their design GOING PLACES!
See you there!
GOING PLACES by Kasey Albano and Arriane Serafico
Who is Kasey?
Kasey is a 21-year old graphic designer, illustrator and never-give-upper. Upon graduating university in 2011 with latin honors, she went on to follow her passion for crafting vibrant and thoughtful work through the digital medium. She has since co-designed a book, created websites and illustrated for Clinique, Globe, Selecta, and Rogue Magazine. She now shares a studio at Create.ph as a design director. She dreams of traveling the world and exploring the universe in a big blue box.
Who is Arriane?
Arriane in the world is synonymous to a restless wide-eyed kid in Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory - you just have to swap the sweets with infinite opportunities. Constantly finding channels for her boundless energy and ideas, you can be sure she’s always up to something - whether it’s (a) working as a government employee in the Senate, (b) blogging about youth, creativity and changemaking, (c) collaborating on new passion projects, (d) teaching dance workshops, (e) getting lost in magical adventures while traveling solo, or (f) jumping and running around in five-inch heels. She ha a mission to channel and use her creativity as a tool for nation-building, and to empower the other youth to do the same.
GOING PLACES will be launched at the Anteroom Sessions 2, March 31, 4pm-11pm at Cubao X.
These five designs are the results of collaborations between pairs of funky and creative individuals. :)
From left to right:
To learn more about these designs and our design teams, view our skimmer catalogue here.
Check out these designs FIRST at our skimmer launch event, Anteroom Sessions 2 on March 31, 2012, 4pm-11pm at Cubao Expo. :)
See you at Anteroom! :D
AIRMAIL by Geraldine Mapa and Selena Salang
Check out today’s featured collaboration: art + music = travel love!
Who is Ge?
Geraldine Mapa finds beauty in all things romantic and nostalgic. Her favorite things include music, analog cameras, coloring books, quirky home decor, handwritten letters, embroidery and DIY crafts. Her love for vintage and polkadots often finds its way into her sweet designs and her fashion. She obtained a degree in Bachelor of Fine Arts, Major in Advertising at the University of Sto. Tomas and is currently a senior designer at JWT Manila. Her other superpowers involve being a mother to two hyper kids and wife to musician Diego Mapa. She also spins lovely indie pop tunes on Wednesdays at Cubao X.
Who is Selena?
Selena Salang has no background in art or design but loved art class when she was in school, even if she sometimes asked her mom to help her out with projects. She sings for indie rock musical group Ang Bandang Shirley and fosters her pet project Slow Hello, which is a more personal, sentimental, lo-fi outfit. She graduated from the University of the Philippines with a degree in English: Creative Writing and survives as a freelance writer, penning copy or articles for websites, magazines and friends who need her help. She has four cats who all suffer her overly zealous caresses bravely.
AIRMAIL will be launched at the Anteroom Sessions 2, March 31, 4pm onwards at Cubao X. Watch out as well for the webisode on their design collaboration during the event.In the meantime, check out the BTS photos of their shoot here. :)
I do not have words for this cuteness!