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French police fired tear gas at demonstrators on the Champs-Elysees avenue and other places in Paris on Saturday after a "Freedom Convoy" protesting against Covid-19 restrictions made it into the capital.
Vehicles carrying protesters managed to get through police checkpoints in central Paris to snarl traffic around the Arc de Triomphe monument.
Inspired by horn-blaring "Freedom Convoy" demonstrations in Canada, motorists waved French flags and honked in defiance of a police order not to enter the city.
Police also threw tear gas grenades to disperse protestors, who are against a vaccine pass required to enter many public places, near the Arc de Triomphe and sprayed demonstrators in a separate march on the other side of the city.
"The vaccine pass is necessary to be able to work or play sports. We can't stand the vaccine pass any more," said Nathalie Galdeano who came from southwest France by bus to participate in the protests.
"We don't want this injection, we want to have the right to choose," she told Reuters.
Police said that they had arrested 14 people, handed out 337 tickets by mid-afternoon and earlier had stopped 500 vehicles in the morning that were trying to get into Paris.
Meanwhile, 2,000-3,000 people, including some "Yellow Vest" protesters, marched in a separate, authorised demonstration in Paris against Covid-19 restrictions as well as declining standards of living amid surging inflation.
Less than two months from a presidential election, President Emmanuel Macron's government is eager to keep protests from spiralling into large-scale demonstrations like the anti-government "Yellow Vest" protests of 2018.
Separately police also said they had arrested five protesters in southern Paris in possession of sling shots, hammers, knives and gas masks.
Police had mobilised more than 7,000 officers, set up checkpoints and deployed armoured personnel carriers and water cannon trucks in preparation for the protests.
Canadian truckers protesting a vaccine mandate for trans-border traffic have paralysed parts of the capital Ottawa since late January and blocked US-Canada crossing points.
The French protests are against rules requiring a vaccine pass to enter many public places and come after months of regular demonstrations against the pass in Paris and other cities.
The Yellow Vest movement which began as a protest against fuel taxes grew into a broader revolt that saw some of the worst street violence in decades and tested Macron's authority.


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We, as signatories, commit ourselves to implement the ten following principles to enable the urban transition towards locally productive and globally connected cities. We embrace strategies in circular economy and digital social innovation, and foster collaboration between a global network of European and worldwide cities and territories to meet the planetary challenges presented by climate change and social inequalities.
Download the Fab City Manifesto.
We take an integrated approach to environmental stewardship, working towards a zero-emission future while also preserving biodiversity, rebalancing the nutrient cycle, and sustaining natural resources.
We promote equitable and inclusive policy co-design, through the development of a Commons Approach, regardless of age, gender, income-levels and capabilities.
We encourage global knowledge sharing between cities and territories in order to provide access to tools and solutions that could be adapted to local cultures and needs.
We engage with all stakeholders in decision-making processes and empower citizens to take ownership of innovation and change-making.
We support sustainable urban economic growth by invest- ing in building the skills, infrastructure and policy frame- works needed for the 21st century, thanks to a thorough consideration of social and environmental externalities and the implementation of the polluter pays principle.
We support the efficient and shared use of all local available resources in a circular economy approach, to build a productive and vibrant city.
We give priority to people and culture over technology, so that the city can become a living and resilient ecosystem. Autonomous vehicles, digital tools, artificial intelligence and robotic machines must be placed at the service of the people’s well-being and expectations.
We address urban issues in all their dimension and interdependencies to build sustainable, resilient and inclusive cities for everyone.
We foster a Digital Commons Approach that adheres to open source principles and values open data, in order to stimulate innovation and develop shared solutions between cities and territories.
In order to meet the principles just outlined, we actively support the research, experimentation and deployment of innovation which includes but is not limited to: low impact supply chains; distributed production; renewable energy and smart grids; sustainable food and urban agriculture; recycling and reuse of materials, sustainable resource management for energy, food and materials.

domain: sociology


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Should You Ever Retire?
A growing number of Americans are pushing back the age at which they plan to retire. Or deciding not to retire at all.
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Investment tools and strategies that can enable you to pursue your retirement goals.
Getting the instruments of your retirement to work in concert may go far in realizing the retirement you imagine.
What is your plan for health care during retirement?

domain: economics


Customers should expect to see wheel loader functions that help operators achieve the correct torque in all situations, maintain a steady throttle position and reduce wheel slippage, according to Eric Yeomans at Volvo.
It's blisteringly hot outside, dust and dirt is flying all around and noise is hammering your eardrums. Such is the environment at a typical construction site in the warmer months, particularly a big job requiring a lot of earthmoving; highway projects and manufacturing plants are perfect examples. In the winter, some work sites are set in below-zero temperatures where crews can be moving large rock or mining materials.
Whatever the time and place, construction machines that work efficiently, productively and afford their operators safe cabs from which to work is what all equipment manufacturers strive to produce.
A perfect example is the wheel loader — a staple of most construction jobs and materials yards. The loaders themselves range in size from large, 20-cu.-yd. buckets to small utility machines with the capacity of just a few cubic yards. Mostly, though, they are known for being able to lift and move practically anything: from asphalt to dirt to snow to logs, before moving them onto trucks, railroad cars, excavation pits or conveyor belts.
Design Tweaks Are the Norm
Wheel loaders utilize a basic design that hasn't changed much in decades. They sport a wide bucket connected to the end of two loader arms that are operated hydraulically. Buckets can be removed and replaced by attachments or tools to perform even more functions.
What does change about wheel loaders is that, over time, incremental design improvements are made by their makers. Those advances are made to, among other things, increase the machines' fuel efficiency and extend their service intervals, enhance their operator ease-of-use and safety and provide features that offer faster cycle times. To accomplish that, engineers are constantly working to develop and enhance new engine and transmission technology.
“Whenever companies make changes to their engines they always take that opportunity to also introduce new features and improvements to their OEM products,” noted Hugo Chang, wheel loader and compact products manager of LiuGong North America. “For instance, when we brought out our new Tier IV models about two years ago, we also increased the rated payload of the machine without changing much in the way of its physical appearance or the engine horsepower. It was done by a slight tweaking of the Z-bar linkage.”
After speaking with experts and designers at several wheel loader manufacturing companies, a range of opinions emerged about just how this basic — but vital — piece of machinery will continue to evolve in the coming years.
Value and Performance Wanted
Every advance in a wheel loader's technology or design is also made after its makers spend a lot of time learning just what equipment dealers and end-users want from the machines. That feedback often leads to a delicate balancing act for equipment makers: producing a technically-sound wheel loader at an attractive price.
“Manufacturers are trying to steer their wheel loaders toward better performance for the value,” described Brad Stemper, wheel loader product manager at Case Construction Equipment, “either for more productivity for that gallon of fuel that operators are using or for longer work days and safer operation. That also translates into the maintenance and long-term service of the product.
“The rule of thumb is that we are always working on the efficiencies for the operator and the fleet manager of the machines. That also means continually working on improving the powertrain systems and the hydraulic and cooling systems. As an industry, we constantly evaluate how we can improve these systems and make wheel loader use a better experience for the operator.”
As wheel loaders are a very mature product, many new improvements tweak the way the basic structure performs.
Evolving products such as telematics are cited by most experts as the leading new technology; others point to developments that will one day soon transform these diesel-powered workhorses into hybrid-fueled machines.
“I see the trend in the industry as moving toward alternative-energy sources and technologies, similar to the automotive industry,” said Craig McGinnis, Komatsu America's wheel loaders product marketing manager. “Every generation improves, meaning dealers and customers can look forward to increasing amounts of technology on their machines to add new levels of automation and control that improve machine productivity and performance.”
McGinnis added that these new electronics, like Komatsu's full auto-dig feature, found on the maker's mid-size loaders, have been designed to help less-experienced operators quickly learn how to run their machines.
“Ultimately, this means customers can maintain a consistently high level of production no matter what their work force looks like on any given day,” he continued.
Through the refinement and use of telematics on wheel loaders, real-time data allows operators to boost their day-to-day performance to speed up cycle times, thereby increasing productivity. And, with the right intelligence, they can do it safer and without excessive fuel use. Owners, too, enjoy the benefits of telematics because the technology gives them the ability to remotely see their equipment working live to review the progress of job-site productivity.
One example of telematics assisting loader operators is the data provided on bucket payload to achieve the optimal load. To that end, Volvo Construction Equipment recently updated its Load Assist OnBoard Weighing application on several of its wheel loader models, according to the company's Eric Yeomans.
“With these updates, operators are now getting real-time information on every bucket's load within plus-or-minus 1 percent accuracy, helping them reduce over-loading, under-loading, reweighing and waiting times,” explained Yeomans, a wheel loader product manager.
At Hyundai Construction Equipment, Chad Parker, a senior product specialist and sales trainer, said that just as telematics systems are used on health-monitoring devices, he predicts the same technology will be installed on wheel loaders.
“I can see additional alarms and sensors coming that will warn operators of hazardous ground conditions, such as an approaching bank or water hazard,” he forecasted. “They will become standard with a braking system to bring the machine to a stop. These sensors will also prevent wheel loader arms from moving in the event there is an on-coming object within a certain distance.”
Designs to Excite Consumers
A variety of opinions were offered on what the “next big thing” may be on wheel loaders — what technologies will excite dealers, fleet managers and operators of the equipment.
Dustin Hoogeveen, Hitachi Construction Machinery Loader America's district product support manager, predicted that 3-D aerial monitoring backup cameras, equipped with custom distance settings, a feature currently being tested, will soon be on its wheel loaders.
“Hitachi currently has loaders working in hot slag via remote control, but I can easily see redundant or repetitive operations being conducted autonomously in the future, too,” he added.
His colleague Mel Wade, an engineering manager at Hitachi, agrees that autonomous operation is just around the corner, but adds that upgrades to basic wheel loader efficiency will be the applications that will most interest people.
“The technology in transmissions is continuing to come a long way in providing smooth and reliable performance, as well as high durability,” he explained. “Across-the-board powertrain design, engineering and manufacturing have made more dependable axles, transmissions and engines. We are now seeing high-engine output and realizing increased efficiency, without compromising durability.”
Customers should also expect to see wheel loader functions that help operators achieve the correct torque in all situations, maintain a steady throttle position and reduce wheel slippage, according to Yeomans at Volvo.
Some manufacturers are also exploring the feasibility of electric-hybrid loaders.
Volvo, for example, has developed its LX1 prototype. In tests, Yeomans said it has achieved an approximately 50 percent improvement in fuel efficiency compared to its conventional front-end loaders. The advance is due to the use of a driveline consisting of electric drive motors and hydraulics, a battery energy-storage system, as well as a smaller diesel engine and new overall machine design. He also touted the LX1's significant reduction in noise pollution compared to conventional front-end loaders.
“It's important to note that the LX1 is a prototype and that we don't have any immediate plans to launch it commercially,” he added. “But, it offers a glimpse into the new technologies that we are testing.”
Loader Arms Key to Machine's Design
Loader arms are one component of the vehicle where consumers should not expect to see radical redesigns with each new model year, said Case's Stemper.
“They are part of a cohesive unit on the machine; they aren't just bolted on and ready to go to work,” he explained. “They also depend on the balance of the machine and the power under it. You can continually make the loader arms bigger, but to get a longer reach, you are going to need to keep in mind the undercarriage and the chassis.
“With loader arms, any redesign is a long, intensive process during which there may be a few years between refinements. You don't want a running design change to loader arms because it can influence so much of the design of the entire machine.”
One of the basic designs of today's loaders is in the style of their arm configuration. Well-designed loader arms allow for better weight distribution, which provides safer load carrying and prevents twisting of the arms and front chassis of the machine.
The Z-linkage configuration has established dominance because of its simplicity and digging force, while the parallel-lift style gives operators better visibility and handling finesse.
Yet another design uses a shooting boom, or telescopic arrangement, reported Tammi Snodgrass, National Marketing Manager at Takeuchi U.S.
“Using these booms on a wheel loader provides the operator with additional reach, greater dump height and the ability to stack and place materials in construction and agricultural applications,” she said.
Chang, at LiuGong North America, believes Z-linkage is a “pretty tried-and-true” loader-arm design and one that he thinks is the best for his company's machine.
“It's a proven design, accounting for about 80 to 90 percent of all the loader arms on the market,” he added.
At Hyundai, though, Parker believes the parallel-lift arms are making a comeback due to better engineering.
“Machines that use them have extreme visibility without the obstruction of a Z-linkage or torque parallel bar,” he explained. “You get the benefits of high-breakout force, maximum visibility and the ability to pick the payload level.”
Engineers at Hitachi are currently testing a boom arm on its loaders that is a combination of the two major designs.
“The PZ [parallel, Z-linkage] configuration maintains the best of both worlds: fewer parts to be maintained, greater breakout force at ground level, an ability to maintain the parallel lifting through the lift cycle,” described Wade. “In the future, the machine will sense and adjust automatically during the lift-cycle to maintain its best level-lifting capability.”
More Specialized Attachments on the Way
Wheel loader experts predict that attachments (and buckets) for the machine will continue to be refined — mostly by after-market suppliers. Those companies can concentrate on making specific wheel loader components without having to develop the entire machine. But, once they refine an attachment, the loader manufacturers then work to design their product to work better with that attachment.
As an example, the side-dump bucket evolved from a standard bucket when contractors requested a loader that could do that.
“We see attachments becoming more specialized, depending on the application, worksite environment, material, material density, operator experience and even the weather,” said Sam Shelton, Hitachi's marketing manager. “The weight of the attachment itself in some applications is significant. Customers are looking for attachments that last, don't add additional weight, are balanced and will fill quickly without resistance. This reduces cycle times, which results in increased productivity.”
Hitachi is constantly studying bucket shape to increase the efficiency of the tool, said Wade. That includes studying ways to reduce bucket drag and ease fill, which, in turn, saves on equipment wear and tear, fuel use and overall operational expenses.
Most OEMs offer a comprehensive range of buckets and attachments designed for a specific kind of work. Applications requiring moderate breakout force are standard throughout the industry, but some companies, like Volvo, offer wheel loaders with heavy-duty, general-purpose buckets made with wear-resistant steel for performance longevity. The maker also has units with straight-edge rock buckets for loading easily broken material from banks, as well as spade-nose rock buckets for breaking out hard, stony material and shot rock.
“It's important for contractors to know that bucket volume alone is not an adequate measure of the capacity of a loader — the crucial factor is the ability of a wheel loader to fill the bucket during every pass,” said Volvo's Yeomans.
General-purpose buckets are the most common bucket-design for maximum filling and material retention on wheel loaders. The design works best in day-to-day material handling or when working in a wide range of densities such as general aggregates in construction.
“Contractors who work in rugged, difficult soil conditions may want to add rugged, ground-engaging tools to enhance the performance of their wheel loader and bucket,” explained Aaron Kleingartner, marketing manager of Doosan Infracore North America. “Many manufacturers, like Doosan, offer a vast number of interchangeable bolt-on teeth options for general purpose, light material and multi-purpose buckets. Weld-on teeth are typically offered for heavier-duty buckets, such as rock buckets, to reduce wear.”
Attachments used on loaders can range from a traditional pin-on bucket to grapples requiring extra hydraulic lines and controls.
At Komatsu, several of its loaders feature single-lever work equipment controls with an integrated auxiliary switch allowing the operator to control the attachment with his or her thumb.
“As we release new models, we are continuously updating our bucket design,” noted the company's Craig McGinnis. “The WA500-8 and WA600-8 loaders feature new buckets with improved loading performance that increased overall machine efficiency. The WA480-8, for one, sports a brand-new bucket design with generous curves on the sidewalls for better pile penetration. This design feature also improves carry performance, spilling less material while moving around the job site.”
Sprucing Up the Office
With operators having to work many hours inside the cab, just like in an office, an emphasis has lately been placed on making the experience as intuitive and comfortable as possible. This, of course, leads to better productivity and will hopefully mean reduced employee turnover for contractors.
“If the machine is too complex or the user is not really sure how to use it, they are not going to get anything out of it,” said Case's Stemper. “We want to improve the systems and how they interface more easily with the user. As the pool of trained and experienced operators seems to be getting smaller, we are trying to reduce the learning curve so that they can be productive and efficient on the machines earlier in their careers.”
Each loader manufacturer looks to improve visibility and ergonomics within the cab, while also installing automotive-style interiors with cleaner lines. Product experts see better operator visibility on the horizon to complement the lower corner and door windows already built into many loaders. Detection systems, too, are being produced that afford the cabs and platforms a 360-degree view.
For instance, at Case, the company redesigned the cab of its full-sized G-series wheel loaders to replace a three-paned front window with a single-paned piece of glass that is almost floor-to-ceiling to improve visibility in the front. In addition, there is more glass in the back and on the sides, along with standard rear-view cameras on every model, Stemper said.
To keep worksite noise from interfering with an operator being able to concentrate on his job, the makers also are engineering better sound insulation with noise-cancelling devices.
Among the other features envisioned within a loader cab are hands-free communications and improved sensors capable of reading, analyzing and responding to changes in terrain, materials, operator behavior, etc., all without intervention from the operator.
“The science of ergonomics is constantly evolving, especially regarding operator controls,” added Wade at Hitachi. “For instance, we just updated the joystick steering to be more ergonomically-controlled. Soon, the hydraulic loader controls will be part of the seat assembly. They're consistent with the operator movement, rather than controls located on the stationary console. “
Finally, inside cab air quality is being addressed through controlled filtration, tightly-sealed cabs, and optional air-filtration systems for environmentally-challenging areas.
OEMs Utilize Customer Feedback
Every design improvement on wheel loaders is heavily influenced by what the manufacturers call “Voice of Customer,” or VOC for short.
Doosan, for instance, regularly works with its customers and dealers to gather feedback about its products and uses the data to enhance and improve its products. Input gathered from the VOC process has led to enhancements in Doosan wheel loader iterations that have produced new developments in productivity, performance, operator comfort, visibility and fuel efficiency, according to the company's Kleingartner.
“VOC is probably the most important feedback we get,” said Case's Stemper. “Engineers tend to think of these products differently than customers. At our company, we concentrate on customers' needs and making an evaluation on what they are asking for. But, we also try to understand what they are implying in what they are asking. It is not only the specific words that are being said, but how they are being said and the context of when they are said that gives us the most insight about their needs.
“Part of that process is also driving to where they are using the equipment and observe them doing so while trying to understand the nuances of their feedback.”
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Instructor - Annie Fitzgerald
Learn Tunisian Crochet (Afghan Stitch). Tunisian crochet is a type of crochet that holds multiple loops on the hook similar to what is done in knitting. It differs from knitting in that it uses a crochet hook. The result is a fabric that is textured using a technique that combines the best of knitting and crochet. In this class you will learn the basic stitches in Tunisian Crochet and how to begin a project.
Cost - $20


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Visit our Esty Shop or contact us for our personalized handmade items. Custom calligraphy and event crafts available as well.
My name is Justin Mabunay, owner and Executive Chef of URBN Market Fusion. We are a family owned fully licensed Micro Enterprise Home Kitchen Operation (MEHKO) in Winchester, California. We were first established in 2016 as a catering company and now operating as URBN Market Fusion. I have been cooking professionally for over 14 years and am beyond blessed that I can pursue my dream and share my passion and experience through my food. Can't wait to share with y'all!

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When do you decide it's time to give up on a piece and recycle its components?
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51 thoughts on “When do you destroy your art? < Deep Thought Thursday”
What a fascinating question. I work in acrylics on panel and it’s really easy for me to sand down an image, gesso over it and start again. Apparently I do this often enough that it freaks out my partner and friends who think I should just start again on another panel and sell the first one. Maybe I take the non attachment thing a bit too seriously.
I struggle with this one. Sometimes I’ll work on something for ages and then ditch it 99% complete. Other times I discard almost as soon as I begin.
The trouble is, I’ve had work that I should have ditched. Later on I’ve returned to it, experimented and really liked the results. Advantages of being a mixed media artist – it can always be turned into a collage!
Maybe when you can’t get in your studio?
We potters smash our work on a regular basis. Once you put it in the kiln, it’s permanent. Before that, the clay can be recycled and made into a better pot. There is always that moment of judgement. It’s a benchmark for being a great potter, can you evaluate your own work?
I recently went through my painting archive and looked at each piece, asking myself, “Is this helping me move forward, or is it holding me back? Would I want this piece to represent me in public?” I’m now turning many old panels into new paintings.
I agree with both Gloria and Cathy – I work in acrylic and collage, so it’s easy to cover something up! Also, it’s fun to let some of the old painting show through and inform the new image.
I really hate throwing artwork away but I do have a lot of pieces that I never finished because I didn’t like where they were going… guess is wonderful and/or collage . I am in the Get organized class this time around – guess I will be making some decisions…
Sarah’s statement is a very valid point….if a creation doesn’t seem to move my art forward, then it won’t see the light of day.
I think if you do enough work, you start to see when something really isn’t as good as it could be. It takes practice to look at your own creations with a very critical eye….I mean in an overall, is-it-marketable way. There may be a good passage in a painting that is otherwise pretty ordinary, but the quality of art out there is very good and getting better all the time. So I don’t hesitate to learn from it, recycle, and move on.
I have a tendancy to just put the piece aside. I had a work that I put aside for 3 years, reworked it, and sold it. After that, I learned to not let frustration to take hold of my opinion of the piece. Since I paint primarily in acrylics, it’s easy to rework pieces after I’ve had time to put them away for a while, critique them later and figure out what to do about them. One of my favorite painters, Charles Burchfield revisited many earlier watercolors done decades earlier. He enlarged them and they went on to become many of his classic paintings.
As a jeweler however, I have pulled stones and melted down pieces. This was especially when the piece had become overworked and simply wasn’t going to become better.
The Japanese potter Hamada never signed his work so only the best pots would be attributed to him! He was a national living treasure! We were taught in ceramics to destroy things we didn’t want seen. No working in another media, I sort of agree but tend to hang on to things.
Lovely story about Hamada.
We could also sign the best stuff and leave the rest for others to puzzle over.
When it is so bad it makes me uncomfortable knowing it even exists. I have to erase the memory of it!
Just Monday night I gave a talk to a local artists guild about my art and touched on this subject. I jokingly stated that one night in my younger adulthood, after one too many glasses of cheap sangria wine, I was listening to Santana’s “Black Magic Woman.” I decided I needed to paint this woman RIGHT THEN. Long story short, I later felt that I had to round up everyone who had seen that mess on canvas and eliminate the witnesses. It’s always best to sit it aside for a while before you show it off if you don’t feel comfortable with it. However, it could just be that it’s a piece that has taken you in a different direction than what you’re used to and may be worth preserving. “Black Magic Woman” was not such a piece. It was just BAD. I painted over it within the week. I also spoke of the “intoxication” of a new idea that may need time to simmer before you actually start it. By the next day, that idea may not be so hot.
Oh, my, this made me laugh out loud – especially the “eliminate the witnesses” part! Hopefully you did that legally. 😉
I do mostly collage, painting with paper, and have a pile of stuff in the recycle bin. Pieces I learned and practised new techniques on in my weekly workshops and intermittent forays into “painting with paint” are waiting to BE magic-ified which is as exciting, mayBE more exciting than a brand new ground. Yesterday I was photographing stuff and took photos of 2 paintings that I’d gesso’d over!!! Only when I looked as I put them away did I notice the gesso’d look!!
So I guess you could say I don’t actually “destroy” but see the process more as new opportunities with gently-used BEginnings.
But you did destroy it, Currie. You reused it, but you still destroyed the original intent. Yes?
The short/easy answer is when a piece no longer represents where I currently reside creatively. The truth is that is never an easy thing to determine. I have pieces that do not represent where I am right now, but are still very good paintings. They stay in inventory until their buyers find their way into the studio or show. I just went through my finished work and primed over several pieces in an effort to pull a tight and cohesive body of work to represent. Many were “one of” from previous series therefore looking oddly out of place. If these pieces still represent and I don’t want to reuse the canvas, I will often hold them for that charitable donation request that is sure to come along. Bottom line answer is when I know that I’ll feel good about reusing the canvas rather than mourn the loss of the painting.
Shortly after graduating from college I destroyed hundreds of studies and student work. Some was pretty dreadful stuff. I tossed because I was moving into a tiny house with no storage.
Worst thing I ever did.
I have regretted it for decades. I am not a hoarder. Just the opposite. And I rarely have flights of nostalgia. But there are pieces I remember, although flawed, I would love to revisit. I learned a lot from creating them. I believe I would continue to learn from them today.
I now have many works that will never be seen outside of the darkest recesses of my studio but I would think very long and very hard before destroying any one of them.
I completely understand that, Michael. But maybe it happened for a reason – even if that is unclear now. Maybe it’s better you don’t revisit them. (Just trying to look at the glass half full.)
Deboorah’s comment nailed it for me. I’m getting ready for a show now and when I look at an older piece if it’s not up to my current work or holding it’s place in the collection then it’s for the recycle pile. Sometimes things will live in the recycle pile for months before moving on to a new life.
As a potter, it is best to destroy pieces before they are fired so I can recycle/reuse the clay. Once the pot is fired, it is harder to destroy the pieces that don’t turn out like I want them to especially if they are still functional and others don’t see the flaws that I do! And since I carve my signature into the pot before it is fired, they are still mine – just not my best work. I do destroy flawed works and try to find a mosaic artist to use the shards – but it is best to be ruthless before firing – even a beautiful glaze does not save an ugly form!
I am a metal sculptor. Over the past 11 years I’ve made probably 600 pieces. One of my smaller, earlier pieces was a comprised of an interesting piece of found metal welded to a base. At the time I made it I thought it was fantastic. Over the years it sat in our backyard and rusted up. Nobody seemed interested in it. One day I decided to “re-do” the piece by cutting it off the base and turning it sideways, just for a change. I brought it into my studio, put it on the floor, and promptly forgot about it. The next day someone saw it on my website and wanted to purchase it. I almost lost a wonderful piece of art simply by thinking that it was not right. At the time of creation it was right, and it was right when I shipped it off to the client. I won’t ever change a piece once it is created – it contains me at that point in time. Jeff Owen
@Deboorah…..excellent point about some “leftovers” that are good paintings, but don’t fit with the current body of work. Some of my best auction sellers have been those saved pieces (they’ve actually gotten higher prices that what I would have sold them for!). And people that come to visit the studio love to go through those set aside pieces, and buy them too! This only applies to stuff that is good enough to get archived though.
There are some very old works that I keep for myself, either to remind me where I’ve been or because of some other sentimental value or because I want to do something more based on that piece. One painting was going a long fine, when my sister (who was about eight or 10 at the time and I was 14 or 16) got angry with me and threw glue on it. I’ve always meant to use that canvas but haven’t yet.
When I absolutely loathe a piece I will, if it is a painting, paint over it, or, if it is bead weaving, take it apart and reuse the components else where.
Recently I’ve had the same experience as Jeff…someone came in and purchased a painting I was contemplating covering. That’s what makes it such a difficult decision. Space, time, and (darn it) finances come into play for me as well as the notion of being current. If I am selling regularly, I am painting regularly, and hardly have time to think about the oldies but goodies. However, for me July was particularly slow and just piling up new work felt counter productive. Taking a couple of oldies and repurposing them helped to keep me inspired and painting.
I just know when it’s time to paint over something – or toss it if the surface has a lumpy and un-re-workable texture. It’s tough love!
Did you know, they planned to dismantle the Eiffel Tower after the Expo in Paris (1889, I think).
Today, it’s the icon of a capitol city. What would stand in its place as a representation of French style, structure and audacity? The baguette?
I’ve tossed tons of drafts of writing but I do have a trace of most of my writing efforts. As many have said here, you can learn a lot from looking at past work.
Sarah’s question seems a good one to determine whether to keep or jettison work. It’s sober – not a decision made out of emotion or shortsightedness.
Great inquiry, Alyson!
As a sculptor, I put too much time and money into a carving or modeled work to scrap anything. That’s why I invest my time up front, creating pages of drawings and models. They help me focus and to get very clear not just on WHAT I want to make, but also get a very focused WHY and HOW I’m going to do it.
After reading some excellent comments re trying to get gallery representation I am going to try and focus on developing a series of related paintings-that means I need to go through my inventory and seriously organize by theme and ruthlessly discard or rework all the paintings which will not be relevant to developing a series. I think this is a great opportunity for growth as I can explore new techniques and let the process take me where it will. The paintings that don’t fit but I have had people say they like I will keep aside. As noted, sometimes a buyer appears who really likes something that you might have discarded when being really critical of your own work.
Just read Jeff Owen’s memo on scraping his art and was pulled into his corner for the moment… Nice work and I totally agree with scraping metal art. It is what it is when it is done but you can alter it at a later date or add to it for dimension.
My metal craft scraping is done in the making of every detail prior to putting it into the sculpture. Making a sketch or layout of a more complex piece helps to eliminate scraping because once it is completed the expended “Studio Time” is gone forever…
Along the lines of the post by Michael Lynn Adams, I would avoid recycling/destroying work at all costs! Being an artist is a lifelong journey, and there is always something new to be learned.
That means learning from mistakes. And such “MISTAKES” can be the artist’s CURRENT BODY OF WORK! Sometimes it takes a review of old work to revitalize your current direction. Even stuff from the past that you have written off as “bad” can still have a good effect on your future creations!
I don’t let lack of storage be an issue. If it is, I make sure to document each piece in digital format.
A few years back, I discarded the canvases and kept the stretchers from a number of things I painted in college. It was the typical college stuff that there were already 3 versions of since everyone on my side of the studio painted the same still life. I don’t think. I also got rid of some paintings I did after breaking up with my fiancee, as I had moved past all that and there was no need to keep it around.
Brad: I have one painting I did in college and my drawings. I was a good life-drawing student. I do keep those, but am thrilled that my name is never attached to some of the other pieces I did in school.
Heh, that “I don’t think” was supposed to be “I don’t do still lifes.”
I do have a few other pieces I did in school that I like but have nothing to do with what I’m doing now.
For a Mother’s Day present, my husband foraged through my old college drawings and had one framed for me. It’s an old Life Drawing class nude, but 25 years later, it’s a great reminder where I started out. And it’s a nice drawing! The framer was aghast at framing something on newsprint, though . . .
Being a mosaic artist, I recycle and set aside regularly. It’s rare now that I have technical concerns. It’s more that I don’t like where the piece is headed or don’t have the exactly correct material yet to finish the piece. Our glass recycling man loves me, however!!
When a piece is frustrating me so much that I wake up during the night to look at it to satisfy my hate for it, I know its usually beyond salvage. Most of the time I can pick out the elements that are wrong with the painting and fix them but if the whole thing is screaming in my face its time to start again.
I had a professor that has been extremely influential in my growth. He mentioned a group that he and his colleges had formed when they were younger. They would meet at least monthly and would periodically to show their works to each other and bounce ideas about. He told me that every so often they would bring the piece that was bothering them the most ( the ones they hated) and have a ritual of destroying their own awful art together…
In this economy it may be better to salvage useable parts….???
Personally there are a few of my bad works staring at me that, I stopped working on and they are almost begging me get rid of them!!!!I
when i am sick of looking at it and it finally hits me that it hasn’t sold because there must be something wrong with it that i just don’t see…. yet our work always evolves and the older things have bits and pieces of who we are today…… so its a tough decision. Even so, I recently weeded out some things from 2006. How can i move forward with all these skeletons around me?
CA: That’s what I think: That work you’re not proud of weighs you down. It would me. But it might not be the case for everyone.
My framer saves left over pieces from his jobs and creates small frames for sale. When a painting no longer belongs to what I am currently working on and it hasn’t sold, I find interesting areas of the painting, cut it out and place it in one of those frames. I anonymously place this painting in a public location for someone to find. When my framer found out what I did, he gave me his next batch of remade frames to help spread the joy of discovery and abundance.
That’s one of the neatest things I’ve heard!
What a lovely idea!
When I can no longer make any further improvements I rip it up and start all over again. I wasn’t comfortable doing this at first but I just got tired of drawing in circles.
Personally it’s quite liberating and when I redo the piece, I create the work in no time, thanks to the learning curve.
I give up on a piece the same way I stop eating at a buffet… when it’s no longer fun and rather seems like a painful burden. Time to move on!
I destroyed a painting with a chainsaw (wih the help of my husband!). it was oil on panel. huge, cumbersome and there were only a couple of elements I liked about the piece. I took the huge frame to a frame shop and had them make several smaller frames, so at least something was salvageable.
I am in the middle of an “artistic mid-life crisis” at the moment and am really examining my art, my directions and what I want my future to look like. Slowly but surely things are being made evident and one of them was that if I have canvases sitting in closets or stacked in the studio that I would never hang in public again, let alone sell, it is time to “set them free” instead of having them weighing me down. Last week I spent a very meditative, almost spiritual day with twenty of them, from tiny little 6×6″ pieces up to 36×48″ ones. I love texture in my acrylic/mixed media work so many of them received added layers of paste, paper, gesso, sand, etc. before they all were painted over with white. Some ended up completely white & textured while others have hints & glimpses of the original art peeking out. By the end of the session I was literally singing out loud to myself (be glad you didn’t get to experience that part of the process) I was so happy! There was a release to it and the possibility of those pieces being artistically “re-birthed” into something new, current and in line with my future direction feels wonderful.
Beautifully stated !!!!!!!
Letting go of something that you worked hard to make and has emotion involved is very challenging. I found this very difficult in the beginning. I have grow to now love the process of discarding works I do not love. I liked them at the time I make them or they may have been difficult to create but in the end if I don’t love it…….. I don’t want to present it to the world. If I no longer love it and it’s been sitting in the stock for a while…..I let it go! It’s served it’s purpose. Sometimes I keep items for years and other times they are gone very quickly.
I’ve learned that a fresh painting over canvas only stirs up renewed motivation/inspiration and has proven many times over that only better comes out of it. Some of my best pieces have been a result of a painted over canvas that “didn’t feel quite right” the first time or the second…. or the third. There is cleansing in getting rid of the old!
We have to all grant ourselves permission to change our mind! That’s the beauty in what we do 🙂
Liking the comments of Mea, Karen and c j taylor. I keep the not so hot vessels on my shelves, look with a different eye than the initial disappointed eye, learn what I don’t like about them, then, each January, I have a personal & private smashing party for those that didn’t pass muster. If they are not to my standards, I don’t want them out there with my name on them. Smashing sets me free and it provides material for mosaic artists who come by for the shards.
I like to hang on to most of my stuff. Ok, everything. I get satisfaction remembering where I came from and seeing my progression over the years in only a matter of minutes. The pieces I’m not proud of are only there for me to reflect upon. They shaped me into the artist I am today.
Granted I only visually reflect once in a great while, but most of my work is either flat or digital and doesn’t require as much space as some other mediums.
Although Facebook has continued to further my art career in great ways, sometimes I wish I HAD destroyed some early (and I do mean EARLY) artwork when an old friend says, “We still have that painting you did for us back in… (the dawn of DUST)…and HERE IT IS ON FACEBOOK FOR ALL TO SEE.”
Lord help me!
Like the other potters have said, the hammer is my best friend. I jokingly say that I fear future archaeologists will painstakingly reassemble the shards I have landfilled, thinking they are examples of how our current society functioned and try to find deep meaning in them. NO – they are garbage. I do like the idea of making a ritual of the destruction and may try to save this year’s reject pots for a cathartic New Year’s “bash”.
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domain: hobby


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With its lovely coastlines and also cozy, warm weather condition, the Algarve is Portugal’s most preferred vacation locations. From dynamic seaside hotels including task to remote stretches of sand best for leisure, the most southern area of Portugal is a perfect place for any person preparing a coastline getaway. With their whitewashed structures and also enchanting old-town areas, Algarve’s inland towns are fascinating areas to go to too.
Map of Southern Portugal
Wherever your journeys take you, Algarve is a food-lover’s heaven. Fresh fish and shellfish is offered daily, and also many thanks to its warm environment, field-to-the-table recipes consist of whatever from figs, olives and also almonds to oranges, mangoes and also pomegranates. Tidy, risk-free and also remarkably cost effective, Southerly Portugal uses a sun-drenched vacation experience you’ll bear in mind lovingly for several years ahead.
Found on the river that shares its name, Alvor uses whatever tourists seek when vacationing in the Algarve, from historical views and also breathtaking coastlines to pleasant bars and also fish and shellfish dining establishments. The Old Community quarter in this old angling town flaunts a 16th-century church with maritime components sculpted right into its doors and also columns.
A freshly constructed boardwalk along the Alvor River marshes is a birdwatcher’s desire, offering intimate sights of citizen and also migratory varieties. When it concerns enjoyable in the sunlight, Alvor’s something-for-everyone coastlines vary from protected coves with fascinating rock developments to broad sweeping hairs backed by windy dune.
The major city in Algarve, Faro uses site visitors the best mix of contemporary facilities and also all-natural elegance. Buying, eating and also amusement possibilities are plentiful, and also breathtaking yards and also open rooms supply pockets of leisure throughout the city. There’s a quite Old Community area in Faro worth discovering too.
Faro’s celebrity tourist attraction, nevertheless, is the Nature Park of Ria Forma, a collection of tiny obstacle islands and also peninsulas where a lot of the city’s coastlines lie. The all-natural protect is a preferred location for tasks like birdwatching, treking and also kayaking also.
Positioned where the wide Gilão River moves right into the Atlantic Sea, Tavira is among the loveliest communities in eastern Algarve. The white 18th-century estates and also condominiums lining the river financial institutions provide Tavira a mood of discolored sophistication, producing the suitable background for leisurely waterside walks and also al fresco eating.
A crucial port city till the 17th century, Tavira is house to lots of historical churches, consisting of Santa Maria do Castelo, which goes back to the 13th century. The city’s premier coastlines lie offshore on the Ilha da Tavira. Daily ferryboat trips supply very easy accessibility to the obstacle island’s level, sandy coastlines.
Snuggled versus a hill at the remote northwest boundary of Algarve, Odeceixe is a village best understood for its breathtakingly gorgeous coastline. Establish in between reduced high cliffs, the Praia de Odeceixe is a protected coastline with a superficial river that goes across the sand and also splashes right into the Atlantic Sea.
The coastline is a preferred place for browsing, and also there’s a neighborhood browsing college that uses lessons for youngsters and also grownups. With dining establishments offering conventional recipes like fresh fish and shellfish and also roast lamb, eating on regional food is bound to be an unforgettable emphasize of your browse through to Odeceixe also.
Found at the southwestern pointer of Portugal and also continental Europe, Sagres is a little harbor community best called the location where Royal prince Henry the Navigator lived while developing his famous maritime college in the 15th century.
Nowadays, it’s the browse colleges, excellent high cliffs and also gorgeous coastlines that the majority of draw in site visitors to Sagres. Praia da Baleeria is perhaps one of the most attractive, although its pebbled coast is not the most effective place for sunbathing. The lengthiest stretch of sand is the Praia do Martinhal, a stunning coastline that’s taken into consideration among the most effective concealed in the Algarve.
For its excellent dimension and also indisputable elegance, Praia da Rocha is among one of the most preferred coastlines in the Algarve. Positioned in the southerly area of the city of Portimão, the broad hair of white sand is backed by significant rough high cliffs covered with skyscraper resorts, bars and also dining establishments.
Numerous dining establishments lie on the wood boardwalk that extends along Praia da Rocha also. Available by a stairs sculpted right into the cliffside, the 17th-century Fortaleza de Santa Catarina at the eastern end of the coastline uses sweeping sights of the coastline, the marina and also the Atlantic Sea.
The inland city of Silves situated northeast of Portimão uses a fascinating peek at Portugal’s social past. Developed along the financial institutions of after that accessible Arade River, the city was the Moorish resources of Algarve till Christian pressures overcame it in 1249.
Created with red sandstone, the Castelo dos Mouros is a hill castle where you can stroll along crenelated battlements and also picture what life resembled in Portugal a thousand years back. It’s additionally a fantastic location to appreciate breathtaking sights of the whitewashed town and also the bordering countryside of Southern Portugal. A neighboring gallery shows porcelains and also ceramic dug deep into from regional historical sites.
Among the last Moorish communities in Southern Portugal to fall under the hands of Christians in the 13th century, Albufeira virtually vanished right into background till it was discovered in the 1960s as a fantastic location to invest a coastline getaway. Today, Albufeira has 2 preferred vacationer destinations: its picturesque Old Community quarter and also the Avenida Francisco Sá Carneiro location called “The Strip.”
Both areas include many bars, clubs and also dining establishments, making Albufeira a heaven for party-goers. The community coastline, or Praia dos Pescadores, still suits anglers generating their catch of the day and also acts as a separation factor for diving expeditions too.
Positioned on Algarve’s windy southwestern shore, Lagos is an old maritime city that today is as well-known for its attractive coastlines as it is for its fabled past. Sandy coves mounted by rock developments make Lagos a picturesque location for sun-lovers looking for seclusion. Big coastlines like the crescent-shaped Meia Praia are best for swimming and also windsurfing.
From the opulent inside of the 18th-century church of Igreja de Santo António to the watchtowers of the baroque Castelo dos Governadores, the city’s historic views are equally as excellent. With its 15th-century wall surfaces and also patched roads, the Old Community quarter is a must-see tourist attraction also.
Positioned in between Portimão and also Albufeira, Praia da Marinha is commonly taken into consideration among Algarve’s the majority of gorgeous coastlines. The reality that the coastline can just be gotten to by a collection of actions that climb up outstanding down a sedimentary rock high cliff makes it much less congested than various other coastlines in the location too.
The rock developments found on along coastline are not just aesthetically striking yet supply the best aquatic setting for snorkeling experiences also. Incredibly tranquil waters make the coastline suitable for swimming. Various other tasks in Praia da Marinha consist of watercraft journeys to the caverns situated close by.
Frequently Asked Questions
– #1: The Algarve: Sunlight, Fish And Shellfish, and also Sandy Beaches.
– #2: Monsanto: A Unique Historic Town.
– #3: Lisbon: The Busy, Endlessly-Fun Resources.
– #4: Braga: A Gorgeous Middle Ages City.
– #5: Coimbra: A Bustling College Community.
– #6: Serra da Estrela: Adventurous Hill Exploring.
– #7: Madeira: Quiet Tropical Islands.
Lagos, Albufeira and also Praia da Rocha are the leading hotels for partying, while the hotels of Quinta do Lagos, Vale do Lobo and also Almancil are understood for their up-scale night life and also deluxe resorts. From charming bars to stag-themed celebration locations and also coastline clubs, there’s something for every single preference in the Algarve.
Portugal is widely known for the night life and also it is constantly full of enjoyable and also individuals that like songs and also dancing. Portugal night life is not limited just to clubs or bars or dancing. It is something various and also a blend of all flavours of fun.01-Dec-2021
Lagos, Albufeira and also Praia da Rocha are the leading hotels for partying, while the hotels of Quinta do Lagos, Vale do Lobo and also Almancil are understood for their up-scale night life and also deluxe resorts.
1. Lisbon. Lisbon, the resources of Portugal, is among Europe’s the majority of appealing cities. Establish on the financial institutions of the River Tagus, this lively Atlantic port is spread over a collection of hillsides that increase its fantastic waterside location.08-Jun-2020
– Sintra – among the most beautiful areas in Portugal.
– The Algarve.
– The Douro Valley – Portugal’s premier white wine area.
– Porto – among one of the most gorgeous cities in Portugal.
With its lovely coastlines and also cozy, warm weather condition, Portugal’s most preferred vacation locations are the Algarve. From dynamic seaside consider remote stretches of sand best for leisure, the most southern area of Portugal is a perfect place for any person preparing a coastline getaway. The Algarve includes whit

domain: geography


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1 John 5:4 “For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.”
The world can sometimes seem overwhelming. It knows how to defeat your spirit as a believer, but the believer doesn't have to succumb to the world’s temptations or battles. The fact that you are saved means that you already have inside of you what it takes to overcome the world. In other words, you’ve already won if you’re saved; now live like a winner.
God didn't say that it would be easy to overcome the world. The fact that God uses the phrase “overcometh the world” means that there will be a struggle to overcome the world, but the victory is already within you. You won’t overcome the world if you quickly give in to the struggle. You won’t win against the world if you run from the battle. The word “overcometh” means it is a continual overcoming. In other words, you overcome one battle, then you overcome another battle, and then you overcome another battle, and so forth. It is a continual struggle to overcome, but you can win.
So, what is the key to this promise to overcome the world? The key is faith. The verse above says, “…and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith.” Living by faith is the only way you will overcome the world. Now, God didn't say that you had to have a lot of faith; He simply said your faith is what overcomes the world. In other words, whatever amount of faith you have is great enough to overcome anything that the world throws at you. The only thing you must do is choose to live by the faith that you do have and stop worrying about not having the faith that someone else has. Why is faith the victory to overcome the world?
First, faith is the victory because you are trusting God. You will never fail when you trust God. Anyone who has ever trusted God has never been disappointed. Anyone who has ever trusted man has been let down. You are on the winning side when you have the faith to trust God.
Second, faith is the victory because it grabs God’s attention. It pleases God when the believer lives or acts by faith; therefore, when you choose to live or act by faith, you have gotten God’s attention on your life.
Third, faith is the victory because it involves God in your life. You are guaranteed to win when God is involved in your life. The greatest thing about faith is that you are doing more than you are capable of doing; therefore, it takes God to do what you cannot do. One of the greatest reasons believers live defeated lives is because they never have faith attempts in their lives. When all you do is what takes your abilities to do, you are leaving God on the sidelines of your life. Living and attempting great acts of faith is when God gets involved. My friend, it is not that God won’t do great works today; it is only that believers don’t attempt great acts of faith today that requires God to work. You cannot fail when you trust God enough to attempt works of faith.
Fourth, faith is the victory because it squelches the appetite for the world and creates a greater appetite for God. The world will seem so little when you get God involved in your life by faith and you experience His presence and power. If you truly want to overcome the world, you must live and act by faith for faith is the victory over the world.

domain: literature


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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in the tropical climatic region and one of the three major food staple crops for the world’s population. In Brazil, the third-largest world producer, the culture has great importance to the agribusiness . The increase in grain production has been achieved mainly by genetic improvements, in association with fertilizers and agrochemicals application.
Especially in the past few years, the focus of many research groups is to find Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) that will act in plant growth through one or more mechanisms, including biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of hormones such as auxins, modifying root diameter [2,3].
Besides the use as PGPB, bacteria have attract attention for their potential to inhibit phytopathogens development, bean alternative to the application of fungicides, mitigating the environmental impacts and contributing to a more sustainable agriculture . Studies performed with tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) , soybean (Glycine max) and cotton (Gossypium arboretum)  have shown that PGPB can act as antagonists to others pathogenic strains, been an effective biological controller, and in the same time increasing grain production. However, the selection of an effective PGPB consists of annex tensive and indispensable preliminary biochemical analysis in vitro. Despite the high amount of studies conducted in plant growth promoting, we decided to explore a previous culture collection of bacteria isolated from different maize genotypes including maize lineages and their respective hybrids , in order to evaluated if these isolates can act as plant growth promoting in a different hybrid from the one that they were isolated.
In this way, the aim of this study was to identify bacterial strains isolated from roots of different maize genotypes and to characterize their potential to be used as plant growth promoter and fungal biological controller by in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
Material and Methods
Strains and 16S rRNA gene sequencing
The bacteria used in this study were previously isolated from roots of different maize genotypes and were selected in view of the genetic diversity . The bacteria were isolated from lineages LA, LB, LC, and LD and the hybrids ATL100, FTH510 and FX1453 (derived from the crosses between LA × LC, LA × LB and LA × LD, respectively), provide by “Semilia Genética e Melhoramento Ltda” (Brazil). The root samples were submerged in sterilized distilled water for one minute, immersion in 70% ethanol (v/v) for one minute, three minutes in sodium hypochlorite 3% (v/v), 30 seconds in 70% ethanol (v/v) and then washed three times in sterilized distilled water for one minute. After surface sterilization, the samples were fragmented into 5 pieces of 8mm and aseptically transferred to plates containing one of the following solid culture media without nitrogen (N-free media): NFb, JNFb, LGI, or LGI-P . The isolates are deposited at the Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms-LABGEM, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
For bacteria identification, the genomic DNA was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method adapted from . The isolates were re-identified based phylogeny analysis of full sequence of 16S rRNA gene. The amplification was performed using primers fD1 (5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and rD1 (5'-AAGGAGGTGATCCAGCC-3') , as described by Menna et al., . Sequencing reaction was performed with primers fD1, 362f (5'-CTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGG-3') and 786f (5'-CGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGG-3'), DNA purification was performed using Sephadex™ G-50 DNA and DNA sequencing was performed on an automated DNA sequence Mega BACE™ 1000.
DNA sequences were compared with sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi
) using the BLAST tool . Sequences from the type strains were obtained from Myco Bank (http://www.mycobank.org
) and Gen Bank
). Alignments of DNA sequences were performed using the Bio Edit version 7.2.5  and Clustal W  in MEGA v.6 . Bayesian inference of the phylogeny was performed in MrBayes version 3.2.1 , with permutations allowed until a frequency of division ≤ 0.01 was reached. The General Time-Reversible (GTR) substitution model was used. Figure Tree version 1.4.2 was used to edit the phylogenetic trees that were constructed. Sequences obtained in this study were deposited in Gen Bank and accession numbers were obtained.
Plant growth promotion evaluation
Plant growth promotion was evaluated by the capacity of isolates to fix biological nitrogen, solubilize phosphate and produces iderophores, indole acetic acid and enzymes. In addition; we also evaluate the ability of strains topromoting the growth of maizehypocotyl and root by seeds germination.
Analysis of siderophore production was carried out according to Schwyn and Neil  adapted by using solid DYGS medium (2g dextrose; 1.5g peptone; 2g yeast extract; 0.5g K2HPO4; 0.5g MgSO4; 1.5g L-glutamic acid; 15g agar 15g, pH 7.0) adding CAS (60.5g of chromo azurol S into 50mL of distilled water plus 10mL of FeCl3.6H2O 1mM in HCl 10mM) carefully mixed into 72.9mg of HDTMA (Hexadecyltrimethylamonium) dissolved in 40mL of distilled water. Phosphate solubilization was evaluated according to Chagas Junior et al., , using the culture medium GL (10g glucose; 2g yeast extract; 15g agar added to 0.25g/L of K2HPO4 solution and 1g/LCaCl2, pH 6.5). Positive result was revealed by the halo formation around the colony.
Biological nitrogen fixation was evaluated as described by Araújo et al., , using the JNFb semi-solid medium (5g malic acid; 0.6g K2HPO4; 1.8g KH2PO4; 0.2g MgSO4.7H2O; 0.1g NaCl; 0.02g CaCl2.2H2O; 20mg yeast extract; 0.08mg CuSO4.5H2O; 2.4mg ZnSO4.7H2O; 2.8mg H3BO3; 2mg Na2MoO4.2H2O; 2.35mg MnSO4.H2O; 65.6mg Na2 EDTA; 0.1mg biotin; 0.2mg pyridoxine; 4.5g KOH; 2mL bromothymol blue 0.5%; 2.2g agar, pH 6.8) . The bacteria growth was revealed by the formation of a pellicle on the medium surface.
Indol Acetic Acid (IAA) production was evaluated using the methodology described by Kuss et al. , modified by using DYGS culture medium containing 10µL of tryptophan 10mg/mL. Salkowski solution (FeCl3.6H2O 2% + H2SO4 37%) was added to reveal the results, absorbance values were measured by spectrophotometry at 530nm wavelength and final values were expressed in µg/mL. Correlation data for IAA production and seed germination was performed using Bio Estat 5.0 .
Seed germination was evaluated using the commercial hybrid maize SX2530 provided by Semilia Genética e Melhoramento Ltda, in order to evaluate the interaction of the isolated bacteria with a different hybrid from the one that they were isolated. Seeds were superficially disinfested by immersion in 70% ethanol (v/v) for one minute, three minutes in sodium hypochlorite 3% (v/v), 30 seconds in 70% ethanol (v/v) and then washed three times in sterilized distilled water for one minute. The experiment was performed using 48 seeds for each isolate. The bacteria were growth in LB culture medium. Microbiolization was done by adding the seeds to the culture medium containing 108cells/mL during two hours at 37°C. Microbiolized seeds were placed in germination paper humidified with distilled water and incubated in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at 28°C for seven days . Evaluations of length (cm) and volume (cm3) of roots and hypocotyls were verified using Win-Rhizov.4.0 software (Regent Systems, Quebec, Canada). For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was performed by Assistat 7.6 Beta .
The production of extracellular enzymes such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase, chitinase, lipase, proteases and urease can act in Plant Growth Promotion (PGP) and indicate a biological controller potential. Amylase production was performed in MM9 medium (200mL of salt solution containing 12.8g Na2HPO4.2H2O; 3g KH2PO4; 0.5g NaCl; 1g NH4Cl added to 2mL MgSO4 1M; 10g glucose; 0.1mL CaCl2 1M; 15g agar; pH 7.0) containing 0.5% yeast extract and 1% soluble starch . Result was revealed by iodine added to colonies grown. Pectinase was also evaluated in MM9 medium containing 1% of pectin . Cellulase and chitinase tests were performed according to Renwick et al., . Cellulase production was revealed by Congo Red added to amid mineral culture medium (0.02g CaCO3; 0.01g FeSO4.7H2O; 1.71g KCl; 0.05g MgSO4.7H2O; 4.11g Na2HPO4.12H2O; 15g agar; 0.5% carboxy methylcellulose, pH 5.0) and chitinase was evaluated in MM9 with 0.08% colloidal chitin. The assay for lipase production was carried out in solid culture sterase medium (10g peptone; 5g NaCl; 0.1g CaCl2.2H2O; 15g agar, pH 7.4) . Protease production was evaluated in skimmed milk and agar medium (1.000mL skimmed milk heated at 55°C; 6g Tripticase-Soy-Agar; 20g agar, pH 7.0) . Positive results were evaluated by the presence of halo around the colonies.
Urease production was evaluated in urease culture medium (0.5g Na2HPO4; 0.5g K2HPO4, 0.5g; 0.2g MgSO4.7H2O; 10mL NaCl 10%; 1g yeast extract; 2.5mL bromothymol blue 0.5%, pH 5,8) . Positive result was revealed by the change of culture medium to blue color.
The antifungal activity was evaluated using the dual culture method  and six fungi isolated from lesions on maize leaves: Alternaria sp. (LGMF1021) and Diaporthe sp. (LGMF1054) ; Cercosporazeae-maydis (LGMF1047) and Bipolaris maydis (LGMF1048) provided by the Biological Institute of São Paulo; Fusarium verticillioides (LGMF1046) and Colletotrichum graminicola (LGMF1044) provided by the culture collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi Prof. Maria Menezes. The bacteria and the phytopathogen fungi were previously cultured on PDA medium, pH 5.8 for seven days. One disc (6mm) from the phytopathogen was in one side of the petri dish, and in the opposite site a bacteria streak was inoculated, the experiment was performed in triplicate, and incubated at 28°C for seven days. To determine the Inhibition Percentage (IP), the diameters of colonies were measured, and the IP was calculated according to the following formula: IP = mycelial growth in the control-mycelial growth in the treated sample/mycelial growth in the control × 100. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) was performed by Assistat 7.6 Beta .
Seed germination was evaluated by length (cm) and volume (cm3) of roots and hypocotyls comparing the treatments with the control without the inoculation of bacteria. Fungi antagonism was evaluated comparing the growth of fungus in the treatments and without the inoculation of bacteria. The data of both experiments were submitted to normality and homogeneity tests and once they did not satisfy the conditions for ANOVA, they were submitted to the non-parametric test using Kruskal-Wallis at 95% of significance (p < 0.05) performedon Assistat 7.6 Beta software .
The analysis of correlation between IAA production and the seed germination were performed using the Pearson correlation test, considering hypocotyl and root growing, at Bio Estat 5.0 software .
Among the 150 bacterial isolates from different maize genotypes, heterotic pairs and their respective commercial hybrids , eight strains-LGMB141, LGMB143, LGMB152, LGMB159, LGMB178, LGMB221, LGMB235, and LGMB242-were selected to evaluate their ability in promote plant growth. The isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene and classified as belonging to the genera Bacillus (LGMB141, LGMB143, LGMB152, LGMB178, and LGMB242), Escherichia (LGMB159), and Enterobacter (LGMB221 and LGMB235). Four out of the eight Bacillus strains (LGMB141, LGMB143, LGMB152 and LGMB242), showed high similarity with five Bacillus species, while isolate LGMB178 was positioned in another clade with other Bacillus species (Figure 1 and S1). Isolate LGMB159 belong to the Escherichia genus differs from described species (Figure 2), in addition, strains LGMB221 and LGMB235 did not cluster with any described species in Enterobacter (Figure 3).
Characterization for plant growth promotion
Bacillus sp. LGMB141, LGMB143, LGMB152 and Enterobacter sp. LGMB221 and LGMB235 synthesized siderophores (Table 1). However, none of these isolates was able to solubilize phosphateor fix nitrogen. All isolates evaluated synthesized IAA, up to 25.75µg/Ml by Bacillus sp. LGMB143, followed by Escherichia sp. LGMB159 and Enterobacter sp. LGMB235, with 13.43µg/mL and 14.24µg/mL, respectively. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that root length and volume are positively correlated to IAA production (r = 0.49 and r = 0.44, respectively) but negatively to hypocotyl (r = -0.45 for length and r = -0.44 for volume).
We also evaluated the capacity of the isolates in affect ingmaize seed development (Table 2). Bacillus sp. LGMB242 increased root volume by 25.7% and root length by 34.9%, in comparison with the control (without bacteria inoculation); the other strains did not show any improvement in the root length or volume. Enterobacter sp. LGMB221 increased hypocotyl length and volume by 21.8% and 33.2%, respectively, but no effect was observed by the other strains.
About extracellular enzymes production, Enterobacter sp. LGMB235 produced lipase and urease, Bacillus sp. LGMB143 produced pectinase and LGMB141 protease. Bacillus sp. LGMB152 produced the four enzymes and cellulase either. Chitinase was produced by isolates LGMB221 and LGMB235 (both classified as Enterobacter sp.).
In the anti fungal analysis all isolates except for LGMB178, inhibited the growth of Alternaria sp. (LGMF1021) by more than 50%, isolates LGMB235 (Enterobacter sp.) and LGMB242 (Bacillus sp.) showed the highest inhibition of 66.0%. Enterobacter sp. LGMB221 and Bacillus sp. LGMB143 had a notable inhibition of Colletotrichum graminicola (LGMF1044) by 74.5 and 67.6%, respectively. Against Fusarium verticillioides (LGMF1046), Bacillus sp. LGMB143 and LGMB152 showed the highest antifungal activity, inhibiting the phytopathogen development 60.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Against Cercosporazeae-maydis (LGMF1047) all isolates were able to inhibit the pathogen growth by more than 50%, and LGMB152 and LGMB221 showed the highest antifungal activity (Table S1). Few isolates were effective against Bipolarismaydis (LGMF1048) and Diaporthe sp. (LGMF1054) growth, with LGMB152 inhibiting the first by 74.3%, and LGMB143 and LGMB152 in habiting the latest by 62.2% (Table 3 and S1).
Several studies have reported the benefits of PGPB inoculation. The plant-growth promotion effect is influenced by both biotic and a biotic factors, including the species of bacteria used and their capacity of producing enzymes, siderophores, IAA, among other components, such as secondary metabolites that can act inhibiting phytopathogens. In this context, we tested bacteria from roots of different maize genotypes, heteroticpairs, and their respective commercial hybrids to explore their capacity in growth promotion and fungal bio control.
Among the 150 bacterial isolates obtained in our previous study, eight were selected for PBPB ability as well as antagonism properties based on the variability observed in a BOX PCR analysis . Strain LGMB159 was identified as Escherichia sp., but probably representing a new species and the same was observed for Enterobacter spp. strains (LGMB221 and LMGB235). Isolates belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family (Enterobacter, Escherichia, Pantoea) have been commonly described as plant-associated bacteria, and previously studies showed a high ability of these generato produce indoles, such as IAA that has an important aspect in plant growth promotion [32-34]. In addition, bacteria belonging to genus Bacillus are common associated with plant growth promotion due the production of different factors, such as, IAA, siderophores, HCN and ammonia [35-37]. These elements are crucial for agricultural crops, wild plants and microalgae [38-41].
Siderophores production act stimulating plant growth by multiple mechanisms, including the provision of iron to plants, production of phytohormones and organic acids that can act solubilizing phosphate. These mechanisms can act direct and indirectly as making nutrients available for plant absorption or depriving pathogenic organisms of essential elements to survival . In our study, strains LGMB141, LGMB143, LGMB152, LGMB221, and LGMB235 showed siderophores production, that besides acting in iron assimilation by plants, can also act as an iron kidnapper from phytopathogens . However, none of the isolates evaluated showed the ability to solubilize phosphate or fixing nitrogen.
All strains produced considerable amounts of IAA, with an emphasis to Bacillus sp. LGMB143; followed by Escherichia sp. LGMB159 and Enterobacter sp. LGMB235. The amount of IAA produced by these strains is substantially higher than in other studies with bacteria of the same genus [42,43]. However, the results are alike to that reported under similar environmental conditions from this region , which may suggest that these strains are able to produce IAA by the same biosynthetic pathways. Considering the effects on seed germination, Bacillus sp. LGMB242 increased root length and volume, while Enterobacter sp. LGMB221 increased hypocotyl length and volume. Harsh et al., , found that some microbial strains can produce bio stimulants such as auxins from precursors existing in plants roots, or IAA production. However, in our study, strains that increased the root and hypocotyl development are not the strains with the highest IAA production in vitro. This data can be explained by once the addition of microbial auxin can change the optimal level of endogenous auxin and can cause plant growth inhibition .
Production of extracellular enzymes by microorganisms plays an important role in plant pathogens control, in addition to other biotechnological applications . About the enzymes evaluated in our study, just two strains (Bacillus sp. LGMB178 and Escherichia sp. LGM159) showed no extracellular enzyme production, but one strain (Bacillus sp. LGMB152) was able to produce six out of seven enzymes analyzed. Several reports have been shown that plant rhizospheric strains exhibit high enzymatic activity, in addition to other antifungal metabolites , and the hydrolytic enzymes produced by these strains can degrade the structural matrix of fungal cell walls and therefore act as antifungal factors .
LGMB152 play a role on enzyme activity against maize pathogens, and when evaluated the antifungal activity, once more, this strain showed promising results with high activity against five out of the six pathogens evaluated (Alternaria sp., Fusarium verticilioides, Cercosporazeae-maydis, Bipolaris maydis and Diaporthe sp.) and moderate activity against Colletotrichum graminicola. This latest, is an important fungus of maize crops [33,50,51]. However, strain LGMB235, which produced enzymes lipase, chitinase and urease, showed considerable activity only against Alternaria sp. and Cercosporazeae-maydis, suggesting that there was not a direct correlation between the production of extracellular enzymes and phytopathogens inhibition, but enzyme production activity can help to protect plant against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, bio prospecting of PGPB aiming at their use as bio control, has high importance to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides favoring a sustainable agriculture.
In this study, we explored the bacterial community isolated from roots of maize lineages and hybrids in order to evaluate their capacity for growth promotion as well as of inhibition of major maize phyto pathogens. All isolates evaluated were positive for at least one of the parameters evaluated-growth promotion, enzymatic production or bio control. Enterobacter sp. LGMB221 and Bacillus sp. LGMB242 showed the highest potential for growth promotion. Bacillus sp. LGMB152 produced the largest number of evaluated enzymes, acting as an antagonist for different fungal associated with maize diseases. The next steps involve the evaluations under field conditions, to confirm if these isolates have biotechnological potential as inoculants for the maize crop. Beside the PGPB potential, we suggest that Enterobacter strains LGMB221 and LGMB235 and Escherichia strain LGMB159 might represent new species.
Semília Genética e Melhoramento Ldta for providing biological material. This study was partially financed by INCT-CNPq (Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) (MPCPAgro 465133/2014-2).

domain: agronomy


Atiku’s visit to US an exercise in futility – APC
The Northwest Zonal office of the All Progressives Congress (APC) has described the recent visit of Atiku Abubakar to the US as an exercise in futility.
Alhaji Abdulmanaf Mohammed-Daura, the Zonal Organising Secretary of the ruling party made this known in an interview with newsmen in Daura on Sunday. He said the visit would not add any political value to the PDP presidential candidate or stop President Muhammadu Buhari from winning the presidential election with wide margin.
According to him, about 85 per cent of the electorates are solidly in support of the re-election Buhari because of his administration’s considerable gains in critical sectors of the national economy.
“Our voters are Nigerians not Americans and are ready to give another mandate to the President.”
Mohammed-Daura further expressed optimism that the APC record overwhelming victory across the 36 States in Nigeria, because “our party has impacted positively nationwide.”
Has Something to Say about Atiku’s visit to US an exercise in futility – APC? Drop your comments below


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Anastasia Sergeyevna Radzinskaya, popularly known as Like Nastya, is a Russian YouTuber and social media influencer born on January 27, 2014, in Krasnodar, Russia. Nastya's YouTube channel features videos of her daily life, family, and various fun activities. She is one of the most popular YouTubers in the world, with over 200 million subscribers across her channels. Anastasia’s TikTok has over 7.1 million followers as of March 2023.
Anastasia was born to parents Sergey and Anna Radzinskaya. Her younger sister, Stacy, also appears in her YouTube videos. Anastasia's parents noticed her interest in playing with toys and her affinity for speaking with dolls and started filming her in her natural environment.
Anastasia Sergeyevna Radzinskaya
Date of Birth (age)
February 20, 2014 (age 9)
2016 - present
7.1 million followers
105 million subscribers
Actor, Singer, Social Media Celebrity, Content Creator and Influencer
Russian - American
Anastasia's YouTube career began in 2018 when her parents started uploading her videos on their YouTube channel, "Like Nastya." Initially, the channel featured videos of Nastya and her younger sister Stacy, playing with toys and participating in fun activities. Soon, Nastya's charm and adorable personality became popular, and her channel began to gain traction.
Currently, Nastya has several YouTube channels, including Like Nastya, Like Nastya Show, and Like Nastya Vlog, each featuring different types of content. Her channels have gained millions of subscribers and billions of views, making her one of the most popular YouTubers globally.
Nastya's videos typically focus on fun activities like playing with toys, cooking, traveling, and engaging in educational activities. Her content is designed to appeal to children and families and features her family and friends. She has also collaborated with other YouTubers and celebrities, including Ryan Kaji from Ryan's World, a fellow child YouTuber. Nastya has also expanded her brand beyond YouTube, with merchandise lines featuring her likeness and endorsements with several well-known brands.
In addition to her online career, Nastya has also used her platform for philanthropic purposes. In 2020, she donated $500,000 to help children with cancer in Russia. She has also participated in charity events, including a charity concert for children with autism.
Anastasia enjoys spending time with her family and friends. She has a love for animals and has several pets, including a dog named Lucy and a cat named Simba. She is fluent in both Russian and English.
Anastasia's net worth is estimated to be around $20 million as of 2023, primarily from her YouTube channels and various endorsements. Her social media career, combined with her singing career, is her primary source of income.
Like Natsya posts about her daily life on her Instagram channel. As of March 2023, Like Natsya has over 543K followers on the platform.
Like Natsya is a singer and hence has a profound presence on YouTube. She has over 105 million subscribers on her YouTube channel.
In this TikTok video, Anastasia does the Wednesday Addams Challenge. This video has over 17.6 million views.
In this TikTok video, Like Natsya dances with her father.
In this TikTok video, Like Natsya performs an eerie magic trick on her father.
In this TikTok video, Like Natsya transforms into a princess avatar.
In this TikTok video, Like Natsya shares her travel experience with her father.
A: As of March 2023, Like Nastya is nine years old. She was born on February 20, 2014.
A: Like Nastya was born in Krasnodar, Russia.
A: As of March 2023, Like Nastya’s net worth is $20 million as per various sources on the Internet.

domain: entertainment


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Just two weeks after being soundly beaten 4-1 by Fulham, the Arsenal u18s have managed to turn things round, inflicting a 6-1 thrashing of their own on West Ham.
In their last match the Arsenal side appeared to have sorted out their defensive problems as they beat Aston Villa 1-0. But Saturday’s match against West Ham was a much more impressive display of what the side can do when they’re at their best.
Folarin Balogun put the side ahead in the first minute, a sign of things to come, but before long West Ham had equalised courtesy of Korrey Henry in the eleventh minute. However, Emile Smith-Rowe, who was the star on the day, soon started to turn things on and help Arsenal dominate proceedings.
Fresh from his first call up to the England u18 side, there is no doubt that Emile is considered as one of the most promising talents in the team and on this occasion the winger bagged a hat-trick.
After scoring two from open play, the young Englishman completed the hat-trick from the penalty spot. The 17-year-old has been at the club since the age of 10 and recently signed his first professional contract with the Gunners.
Another player who signed a professional contract with Arsenal recently was u18 captain Zech Medley. The centre-back, who previously revealed that he idolises Laurent Koscielny, was just as useful at the other end on this occasion, scoring two headers.
Overall a very encouraging performance from the young side, especially now that Reiss Nelson and Eddie Nketiah have very much moved on to the u23s.
You can see all the Arsenal goals in the tweet below:

domain: news


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Occasional articles and notes by Andrew Whitley and Veronica Burke - and the odd guest blogger.
On Wednesday December 2nd from 7 pm at the Bernard Shaw in Dublin, Bretzel Bakery & Real Bread Ireland are holding The Real Bread Gathering. This landmark event brings together some of the best craft bakers and campaigners for better bread in Ireland.
Organiser William Despard of Bretzel Bakery asked guest speaker Andrew Whitley – baker, author and co-founder of the UK’s Real Bread Campaign – why a campaign is needed and how a new breed of bakers is already transforming British bread.
William In your keynote speech at the Real Bread...
Scotland grows a lot of wheat but precious little of it is used to make bread. We rely on imports and so have little control over this staple food. It turns out that the wheat varieties in today’s bread may well have less of the vital nutrients we need for health than in the past.
When we apply a little joined-up thinking to the wheat we grow, the flour we bake with and the bread we make, we begin to see how growing better grain and baking better bread could help us to solve some of our health...
Skills Development Scotland has updated its Flexible Training Opportunities (FTOs) programme of support for the current year. If you are an employer based in Scotland and want to develop your enterprise with the help of training from Bread Matters, take a look at what support is available.
How can they help? If you have fewer than 100 employees, you may be eligible to apply for a contribution of up to 50% of the costs of a Bread Matters course for employees who are resident in Scotland. FTOs can contribute £100 - £1,000 towards one...
This extravagant cheesecake is about as rich as they come. A generously-filled 10" cake tin easily serves 12 to 15 folk at a Bread Matters' course supper.
The recipe is adapted from one of two little books of recipes from the Moon Restaurant in Kendal, Cumbria. The restaurant is still there, but the book went out-of-print years ago. (I bought my copy in the early 1980s.)
Unlike many recipes for unbaked cheesecake, this one uses no gelatine or setting agent: the rich double cream and cream cheese stand up all on their...
Changing the food system with bread and agroforestry
is the title of a new blog post from Geoff Tansey (curator of the Food Systems Academy). The blog features a tour of Macbiehill Agroforestry where Andrew Whitley describes a small research project with big implications – rebuilding nutritional quality and local sovereignty in the Scottish bread supply.
It was filmed on a rare sunny day in August – an ideal time for a little walk in the Scottish Borders.


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Finasteride is a drug that is very helpful to men who suffer from a number of problems, but it is also important to be safe when using it. Finasteride is a drug that needs to be taken with a prescription. Even though there are generic versions of the drug that are available without a prescription for much cheaper, you really should refrain from buying such generic brands of drugs, because they are not tested and they might not be safe to use.
Finasteride is a drug that is most commonly used for two purposes. Some men use this drug in order to try and stop male pattern balding. Other men use this drug if they have an enlarged prostate gland, which is a more serious health problem than losing your hair is. No matter what you are using Finasteride for, you really need to talk to your doctor before using it. Finasteride is a drug that should be taken with a prescription, that means that only your doctor should recommend that you take it. If you think that it will help you with your male pattern balding, you still need to ask your doctor about it.
There is a possibility that you could be allergic to the drug, or you could be using another medication that does not mix well with Finasteride. Sometimes, you might even have another medical condition that will not allow you to use Finasteride. That is why your doctor needs to prescribe it for you.
Also, there are some side effects that could possible occur when using this drug. There have been reported side effects that have to do with sexual performance, for instance. Some men that take Finasteride will experience a decrease in sex drive. Some of them will even suffer erectile dysfunction and will not be able to perform in bed. Also, men you are taking Finasteride are also more likely to see a decrease in the amount of ejaculate they release upon ejaculation.
Some men have also experienced breast enlargement when using Finasteride. This is why you really need to consult a doctor first. Even if you are taking it with a prescription, you could suffer from these side effects. If you are suffering from these side effects, you should talk to your doctor to see whether there is a way to avoid them. The doctor could simply either change your dosage or recommend that you take something else that will combat these side effects.
No matter what problem you are trying to solve with these drugs, it is important to remember that your safety and general health are most important. This is especially the case when you are taking Finasteride in order to re-grow hair. Having hear on your head would be nice, but not at the risk of your health. Also, it should be noted that Finasteride is not guaranteed to stop your balding and reverse it. In fact, it only works on about 50 percent of cases.

domain: health


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Here are some concrete saving ideas to help you keep more of your money. Read my recent posts on how to save over $42,500 in just 7 years, even with only a 4% rate of return!
1) Do not impulse buy, only shop for what’s on your prepared list;
(Studies have shown that as much as $3,700 a year is wasted on unnecessary purchases.)
2) Lunch in (not out) more often;
(A average savings of at least $5 per meal when not lunching out. Do this twice a week and you will save $520 a year.)
lunch in, save money
3) Stop food waste, be creative with leftovers;
(Studies have shown that as much as 35% of our food ends up being wasted, or $2,200 year.)
4) Pay your credit card bills on time;
(It’s obvious, many dollars can be saved when you stop those 18% to 20% interest charges levied by your credit card companies.)
no more credit card late payments!
5) Look for cheaper phone plans;
(Even a savings of $20 a month in your phone plan will save you $240 a year.)
Add up all your savings and you are well on your way to top up your TFSA for a more secured future!
see your money grow!
It’s time to take a reality check. We are all living longer. So the answer to the question ‘what are you doing for the rest of your life?’ takes on more importance as we age.
Today, many younger retirees are transitioning back from full retirement to part-time entrepreneurship. How satisfying is it to engage in an activity you love and making a business out of doing so? Channeling your passion into something profitable is always an exciting venture.
Some fun and unique businesses that’s been popping up include:
1) be a local tour guide if you live close to a popular tourist location.
For example, a number of retired Vancouverites are guides and commentators. Leading small and specialized groups on nature hikes, architectural walks, and local art crawls.
2) presenting seminars in your area of knowledge, experience, expertise at local colleges and community centres;
3) making and selling craft products and unique services.
For example, a retired teacher is now an entrepreneurial soapmaker selling fragrant soaps online as well as holding workshops on how soaps are made.
So go ahead, think of a way to marry your hobby or interest into something profitable now that you have the time!


Resonance Vibration Test Of SDOF System
Resonance occurs when external frequency of the system (in this case of the shaking table) matches with the natural frequency of the system (which depends on natural properties of structure, in this case all three structures have different natural frequencies). As a result amplitude increases as shown in the video.
video courtesy: mstkwon
Frequency at which resonance occurs is also known as resonant frequencies. When we look at the video structure having lower stiffness will first reach resonance because of lower natural frequency. At this stage other two structure are in in phase vibration. After some time 2nd structure starts resonating leaving 3rd one in out of phase and 1st one in in-phase vibration. Finally 3rd one starts resonating when frequency of shaking table is increased enough to match its natural frequency.


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California Barbecued Beans
This dish traditionally uses beans and chili sauce rarely seen beyond California. We wanted to recreate this regional recipe with nationally available supermarket ingredients.
Why This Recipe Works
California barbecued beans recipes use a bean variety and chili sauce rarely found outside of California. We wanted to recreate this regional recipe with nationally available supermarket ingredients. Pink kidney beans proved to be a good stand-in for the hard-to-find pinquito beans called for in most California barbecued beans recipes. Some recipes suggest using jarred taco sauce alone if the original recipe’s requisite red chili sauce can’t be found, but we found its taste and texture too thin. Instead, we augmented the sauce with a combination of fried bacon, ham, onions, and garlic with tomato puree, brown sugar, and dry mustard, which perfectly captured the chili sauce’s bite.


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Application of 2D-hydraulic models to help predict ecosystem responses to in-channel environmental flows (#23)
Environmental flows are one of the tools being used to help counteract the impacts of river regulation on hydrology, the hydraulic environment and river ecosystems. There is an increasing interest in the delivery of environmental flows that are wholly contained within the channel below bankfull level. Inundation of riverbanks and other in-channel geomorphological features can increase river productivity and create slackwaters (shallow areas having low velocities) that are important for the survival and recruitment of aquatic organisms. Two-dimensional hydraulic models were used to examine the relationship between river discharge and extent of wetted benthic surface area and the area of slackwater in reaches of four rivers in the Edward-Wakool system in south-eastern Australia. We examined the change in wetted benthic surface area and the change in area of slackwater (<0.02 ms-1) and slow flowing water (0.02 - 0.3 ms-1) for six discharge scenarios ranging from low flows to bankfull flows. The relationship between discharge and wetted surface area for these four study rivers was not linear and was strongly influenced by geomorphology. This strongly suggests that the future planning and delivery of in-channel environmental flows should not rely entirely on models that are based on discharge alone. In-channel 2D hydraulic models can be used to i) facilitate better planning and management of in-channel environmental flows, ii) predict the outcome of in-channel flows on ecosystem functions and biota, iii) assist the interpretation of monitoring data, and iv) assist the communication of outcomes of environmental flows.


FORECAST: Sunny & pleasant
The National Weather Service's forecast for the Holland area for today, July 31, calls for sunny skies and pleasant conditions.
Northerly winds will keep humidity levels low through the rest of the work week. Sunny skies will prevail throughout the day.
Temperatures will be slightly cooler than average for July with today's high in the upper 70s and cooler along the lakeshore.
For tonight, clear skies and a low in the mid-50s.
Temperatures are expected to return to normal levels this weekend with increasing humidity levels too.