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From the Publisher
The author has attended every reunion of the 509th Composite Group since 1994. In 2004, he created a full-scale exact replica of the Little Boy atomic bomb for permanent display at the Historic Wendover, Utah Airfield Museum. Before final delivery to Wendover, it was signed by all of the surviving members of the 509th at their 2004 reunion in Wichita. This book was used by Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) author Dr. Robert S. Norris as the primary source for information on both bombs in his monumental "Racing For The Bomb" biography of General Groves published in 2002. Excerpts from the book pertaining to the Little Boy safing and arming plugs were used by the Defense (Exhibit K) in the famous case of the United States vs. Butterfields Auctioneers (Case No. 02-2776) and were instrumental in U.S. District Court Judge Susan Illston's 6/14/2002 decision to reject the government's claim to the plugs. The book was used by Japanese author Kiyoshi Souwa for his 2003 book "Hiroshima Atomic Bombing, The Meaning To Drop It At 8:15 A.M." and by English author Stephen Walker for his 2005 book "Shockwave." The book was also used as the main source for artist Jim Sanborn's 2003 "Critical Assembly" exhibit at the Corcoran Gallery in DC. The book is in the technical libraries at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Aldermaston in England, and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum library. People at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL), ORNL, LLNL, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Hanford, DOE, Fermilab, IAEA, Naval Post Graduate School, NRDC, Georgetown University, Harvard, Princeton, and Stanford have all bought copies. He serves as advisor to the National Atomic Museum and The Children of the Manhattan Project Preservation Association.
The author worked with the BBC, which produced a documentary pertaining to the bombs and used his book as source material. The "Tech Effects" program "Hiroshima" also appears on the History Channel and the author is listed in the credits. He has been interviewed by ABC News, National Public Radio in Vienna, Austria, NHK TV Tokyo, Hiroshima Chogoku Shimbun, and The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. He gave a presentation at a Manhattan Project Symposium in New York on 6/26/04 and on 8/14/04, along with General Paul Tibbets, at the Wright-Patterson USAF Museum in Ohio. On April 6, 2005, he met with the Hiroshima World Peace Mission delegation at Wendover where they inspected the areas where the original test atomic bombs were assembled and uncovered the fragmentary remains of the grounded copper-covered floor used in the Fat Man test unit final assembly building. In August 2005, he was honored to accept an invitation by the government of Tinian to give a series of presentations on the 60th anniversary of the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan to an audience of both US and Japanese veterans. "I was very much impressed." Paul W. Tibbets, Brig. General, USAF, Retired "What you have now written is the best, I am sure, of any discussion on the subject I have seen." Frederick L. Ashworth, Vice Admiral, USN, Retired "Your book contains the best description of the Nagasaki mission I have ever read." Dutch Van Kirk, Enola Gay Navigator "I think your story is excellent. I dont recall anything like it before." George Caron, Enola Gay Tail Gunner "I am very favorably impressed by the amount of information you have gathered together and presented in an interesting fashion." Norman F. Ramsey, Project Alberta "You have done a remarkable job." Philip Morrison, Manhattan Project Physicist "Your detailed and unique research is very impressive." Henry Linschitz, Manhattan Project Chemist "Most amazing document...In all first rate." Harold Agnew, Project Alberta and former Director of Los Alamos
About the Author
The author is a married 59-year-old father of three. His physics teacher in school worked at the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory during WWII as part of the Manhattan Project. He was a professional corporate and advertising photographer for almost 30 years, including three years as Chief Photographer for the Trane Air Conditioning Company and spent ten years in charge of an advertising photography studio in Milwaukee. He received numerous state and national awards, including a Graphic Design USA DESI Award, and served on the editorial board of Industrial Photography magazine, the Board of Directors of the Chicago Chapter of the ASMP (American Society of Magazine Photographers), and as Vice President of the APM (Advertising Photographers of Milwaukee). This is his first book.

domain: history


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We're here to help hosts make the best festival events possible. That means combining great programming options with event know-how and services to deliver memorable and impactful experiences.
Not just adrenaline adventures, we speak to the heart of why trails matter. Host Trails Film to bring a unique selection of exciting, thoughtful, and impactful trail stories to your community. We support fundraising events, celebrations, conference sessions, academic events, and more.
We're here to help
It takes a lot to pull together a festival event and we will be your partners to make it a success. Inquire to learn more about additional aspects of hosting events:
- Technology Rental
- E-Tickets Payments & Check-in
- Translation of English Subtitles to Other Languages
- Media Assets
Flexible Fee StructureS
We calculate our program fee and discounts based upon a number of factors. We’ve created this Quick Self-Estimate Calculator to help provide more information about our pricing.
The World Trails Film Festival is a sponsored project of Fractured Atlas, a non-profit arts service organization. Contributions for the charitable purposes of The World Trails Film Festival must be made payable to “Fractured Atlas” only and are tax-deductible to the extent permitted by law.

domain: entertainment


Playing tracks by
Winston Edwards, Charlie Clouser, Goblin, Jaron Lanier, Shizuo and more.
This show was 2nd in the global noise chart, 13th in the global ambient chart and 15th in the global jazz chart.
Alec Empire wrote for The Quietus about 13 of his favorite albums
Link : http://thequietus.com/articles/15528-alec-empire-atari-teenage-riot-favourite-albums
"Ahead of Atari Teenage Riot's set at Camden Crawl, the band's founder uses his rundown of favourite albums to issue a clarion call for creativity and puts together a three-hour mix of tracks from his top 13."


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Trademark Fine Art Beata Czyzowska Young Fairies in My Garden Canvas Art
The Fairies in My Garden Canvas Art spells imagination, skill and creativity. It features an abstract design showcasing the beauty of the night sprinkled with speckles of light. This high quality work of art is rendered through the advanced giclee method. It is a gallery wrapped and ready-to-hang artwork is perfect for all kinds of decors settings.
- Canvas art
- Artist: Beata Czyzowska Young
- Available in 18" x 24", 22" x 32", and 30" x 47" sizes (in-stock status may vary)
- Made in USA

domain: artistic


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Christopher Hislop of SeacoastOnline.com recently conducted an interview with GODSMACK frontman Sully Erna. A couple of excerpts from the chat follow below.
On how he first got into music:
“Then I turned 14 years old, started to smoke pot, and took to listening to the sweet sounds of [BLACK] SABBATH, [LED] ZEPPELIN, RUSH and MOTÖRHEAD. I taught myself how to play along with all of those songs and I got pretty good at ’em, to the point where my instructor at the time advised me to just listen and learn the language through aural recognition rather than follow the notes on music sheets. It was also around this same time that I got a hold of a live AEROSMITH bootleg record. There was a picture of Joe Perry standing at the foot of the stage holding his BC Rich guitar out towards the crowd — there were thousands upon thousands of people raising their hands in approval. I said to myself, ‘I want to be that,’ and from there I started to grow my hair out. (laughs)”
On GODSMACK’s success:
“GODSMACK has given me a living…; has made me popular. It’ll always be a large part of who I am. However, people may be surprised to learn that I listen to rock music the least. I’m a fan of jazz and blues music — a big fan of Ray Charles. My daughter is 9 years old, and I gotta be honest, through her I’ve become a big fan of pop acts like Katy Perry and Lady Gaga. I also think Eminem is a genius. From PANTERA to Katy Perry, if there’s a fat hook, I’m a sucker for it. A good song is a good song, and if there’s one thing I’ve learned over the years, it’s how to identify a good hook, and when I hear one, it sticks with me. I don’t categorize or judge.”
On his solo debut, “Avalon”:
“The music that we recorded for ‘Avalon’ came together very organically. It surprised all of us on some spiritual level. The record is very primitive — playing with our hands and crafting a definite hypnotic tribal vibe. It’s a very pictoral body of work. This is the type of music that allows you to kick back, close your eyes and be in for a very intense musical journey — something in the vein of [PINK] FLOYD’s ‘Dark Side of the Moon’. It really sucks you in.”
On balancing his solo career with GODSMACK:
“I take it all one day at a time. If I think about it, I overwhelm myself. I always make it a point to worry about tomorrow later. I’m so excited about this project though. It’s a complete breath of fresh air. If you eat chocolate ice cream all the time it just makes sense that you’re going to need to get vanilla in there every once in awhile. I want people to know that I’m not one-dimensional, I have more than one passion and other avenues I’m looking to pursue.”
On his solo performances:
“This is not a rock show. But it’s every bit as powerful. We’re working to pull you in, take you on a journey, and have you leave thinking, ‘What the heck just happened?’ We want you to leave the show with an open mind thinking differently about music and how it can affect you. I’ve seen people weeping in the front row, which tells me that it’s working.”
Read the entire interview from SeacoastOnline.com.
Death Scream – Heavy Metal Reviews – Heavy Metal Interviews – Heavy Metal News


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Solid Pine Brutalist Bench
by Knud Friis & Elmar Moltke Nielsen
solid pine bench designed by Danish architects Knud Friis & Elmar Moltke Nielsen in the 1950s and made by their company FRIIS & MOLTKE circa 1960.
The architectural practise FRIIS & MOLTKE was founded in 1954 and was involved in introducing Brutalism to Denmark throughout the 1960s & 70s.
However, the Brutalism of FRIIS & MOLTKE’s work is generally considered more mellow than that of Brutalist designs’ seen contemporaneously in European communist countries and Britain.
Certainly, this bench is a milder version of Brutalism. It is monolithic, geometrically rigid and ‘blocky’ in appearance. But the pine used throughout is familiar and warm and all surfaces are smoothly finished.
The bench is extremely practical, being solid wood, the bench is incredibly robust and fit for real everyday use -as it could in theory be re-finished any number of times in the future. Further, although the bench is a substantial piece of furniture the generous length and depth of its seat means it could still save room around a space restricted dining table.
Width: 200 cm
Height: 77.5 cm
Depth: 50 cm
Seat Height: 43 cm


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Top dressage riders and judges are planning a June “Dressage Extravaganza” to raise money for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity.
The idea stemmed from a British Dressage (BD) website discussion in snowy January.
“Everyone was moaning about how difficult things were,” recalls Dressage Extravaganza show director and BD judge Gloria Leverett.
“So I suggested we stop complaining and do something for other people for a change. The response was amazing and it grew from there.”
Carl Hester has agreed to be patron of the event on 26-27 June at Hartpury College, which gave the venue free of charge.
“It’s a chance for people to do something,” said Carl. “So come and support us. It should be a great show.”
Classes run from preliminary to grand prix and Saturday night will host a gala featuring top riders such as Carl and H&H columnist Richard Davison.
There will be a Grand Prix Challenge, compered by David Pincus and featuring an X Factor-style judging panel.
“Riders ride against each other and the audience will be asked to join in the judging,” explained David.
Tickets for the gala evening will cost £5. To enter and for more details, visit www.dressageextravaganza.co.uk
This article was first published in Horse & Hound (4 March, ’10)

domain: news


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Bashkiria universities improved their positions in the universities rating for enrollment scores
UFA, 7 September 2015. /Bashinform News Agency, Elmira Sabirova/.
Bashkiria universities improved their position in the ranking of universities for enrollment scores. The results of monitoring the quality of state financed enrollment in the Russian universities in 2015 were presented by the RIA Novosti Agency in cooperation with the National Research University "Higher School of Economics" and the Ministry of Education and Science.
The average passing score received by students enrolled in state financed places served as the rating criteria.
Bashkir State Medical University (BSMU) occupies the highest position among the universities of Bashkortostan. BSMU took the 46th place in the overall rating and 19th in the rating of medical schools. The average Unified State Exam score of the first-year students of Medical University is 75.3 points, higher than it was in 2014 (73.3).
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University ranks 18th among 128 technical universities and the 73rd in the overall rating. The average Unified State Exam score is 72.9, in 2014 — 72.2.
Ufa State Aviation Technical University occupies the 50th place in the rating of technical universities, taking only the 186th place in the overall rating. The average score of students enrolled to free education is 64.2, in 2014 it was 61.8.
Bashkir State University takes the 38th place among classical universities and 162nd — in the overall rating. The average score was 65.4, in 2014 — 61.4.
Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M.Akmulla (BSPU) is on the 20th place among pedagogical universities, and the 180th in the overall list. The BSPU average score was 64.4, in 2014 — 63.6.
Bashkir State Agrarian University (BSAU) is in the 13th place among the universities of its profile. However, BSAU is only the 305th in the general rating. It is enough to score an average of 54.8 points to enter the university this year, in 2014 — 51.3.
The top 20 included only the universities of the two capitals — Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the overall rating the leader is Moscow State Institute for International Relations (1st place, 94.7 points), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (2nd place, 93.8 points), the National Research University "Higher School of Economics" (3rd place, 91.5) . Next St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State University come with 88.1 and 87.1 points respectively.


What is Simulation ?
Simulations are computer models used to check the performance of a system in defined conditions. Simulation analysis accelerate the product design process. It ultimately helps to get products to market faster at low development cost. In this article we will discuss advantages and limitations of simulation studies.
Example 1 : Drop test analysis can calculate, stresses generated inside a product when dropped from a height.
Example 2 : Maximum and minimum temperature of a component over pcb can be calculated using thermal simulations.
Advantages Of Simulation Analysis
- Analyse The System
- Reduces overall development cost
By investigating effects of a specific design in design phase, overall cost of manufacturing and testing reduces significantly.
- Faster Products to Market
By reducing number of design iterations, Product can be launch in market faster. In this way, companies get the advantage of first comer.
- Visual Output
We can export simulation results into visual outputs like graphs. This is a better way of analyzing a system.
- Problem Solving
Using simulations, a problem can be analysed at various levels. This helps in solving problems relatively faster.
- Value Engineering
Simulation studies are also done to reduce manufacturing cost of existing and new products. For example mold-flow analysis is used to reduce injection molding cycle time.
Limitations of Simulation studies
- Higher Initial Investment
Initial investment cost for simulation software and infrastructure is very high.
- Boundary conditions and input data
Simulation software are like garbage in- garbage out. In another words accuracy of output results depends on input data.
Input data for any simulation software is system boundary conditions and system information.
- Not 100% Accurate
Simulation software are not 1000% accurate. You should expect some discrepancies in simulation results and tested product.
To conclude this, For the development of complex systems, use of simulation studies is a right decision . It reduces the risk of failure, saves time and reduces development cost.


Shell and Trumpauto – the two innovators of the car repairs industry
Last week, we wrote about the collaboration deal signed between Trumpauto and the Baltic Shell distributor Jungent. Today, we want to talk some more about Shell, how they became the number one oil company in the world, and why Trumpauto services perfectly compliment their work.
Royal Dutch Shell was started in 1907 by the fusion of two oil and trading companies from the Netherlands and the UK. Today, Shell operates in many areas from energy production through gas and oil extraction to motor oil and lubricants production for the Shell Helix brand.
Shell has been the number one automobile lubricant supplier worldwide for 13 years, producing innovative oils for use in even the most extreme environments. They are the first company to create base oil from pure natural gas, which is more versatile thanks to its ability to maintain its properties in a wide range of temperatures, and also less damaging to both the car motor and the environment.
As an innovation leader in the field for over 75 years, the company is committed to take responsibility for the environmental impact of energy production and has been working with communities across the world to encourage environmental consciousness – last year, Shell and their partners started a project which will see millions of trees planted in countries around Europe.
Perhaps even more importantly, simply by using Shell Helix lubricants, the regular consumer can lower their car’s CO2 production by 69kg, meaning a 3% drop in petrol use.
This emphasis on innovation and new technologies is what ties Shell with Trumpauto, too. Our mission at Trumpauto is to bring effectiveness to the daily operations of car workshops and through that, save the time of workers and clients alike. By digitizing systems and processes, we are also helping with the environmental impact of running a car workshop, as less physical documents and proceedings are required.
With Trumpauto software in use at Shell Helix workshops around the Baltics, a new era of innovation and environmental effectiveness has begun in the car repairs industry.


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Now, some Republicans are urging the Virginia GOP to oust Bolling from the party.
“Bill Bolling said he would not interject and would not get involved, and he gets caught working behind the scenes for his buddy Terry McAuliffe,” said Chris LaCivita, Cuccinelli’s chief strategist.
The controversy began last week, when the political arm of the Northern Virginia Technology Council voted to endorse Cuccinelli. McAuliffe allies erupted in protest and launched a weekend of heavy lobbying to reverse the decision. According to two people with knowledge of events, Bolling was among those who called the PAC’s leader on behalf of McAuliffe.
It was seemingly the first indication that Bolling had taken an active role to promote the Democratic nominee in the governor’s race.
Controversy over the endorsement continued to churn a day after the group, resisting high-powered arm-twisting, stuck with its plan to endorse Cuccinelli. The episode, which seemed to hurt McAuliffe and give Cuccinelli a much-needed boost, also had an effect on Bolling and his standing with the GOP.
Bolling has seemed reluctant to snip his ties to the party, even after the GOP’s central committee changed the nomination method in a way that favored Cuccinelli, leading to Bolling’s exit from the race in November. As he contemplated an independent run against Cuccinelli and McAuliffe early this year, Bolling said he would bill himself not as an independent but as an “independent Republican.” After saying that he would not endorse Cuccinelli, Bolling added in an August interview, “I’m a Republican, and because of thatI’m not comfortable endorsing the other guy’s candidacy, either.”
Now, leading Republicans say privately that they believe Bolling has essentially left the party. Some are urging the GOP to make that official by removing him from the party.
No immediate action was expected.
“I think his future as a candidate within the Republican Party as presently constituted is nil,” said Bob Holsworth, a former Virginia Commonwealth University professor and veteran Richmond politics watcher.
“I think what Bolling or others are hoping is that, if there’s a [Cuccinelli] defeat, the reaction among moderate Republicans would be so strong as to provide a new opportunity. He didn’t have a future from the time he started dissing Cuccinelli, and this is just an escalation of what’s been going on for the last couple of months.”
Amid the tug of war over the endorsement, Dendy Young, TechPAC chairman and chief executive of McLean Capital, wrote an e-mail to members that he was getting pressured by several people, including Bolling.


text:
After kicking off its business affairs in Côte d’Ivoire in 2019, the Spanish delivery start-up formally planted roots in the heart of the Ivorian economic capital last November.
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domain: geography


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Dominique Cojuangco, daughter of actress Gretchen Barretto graduated magna cum laude from the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising in San Francisco.
Dominique now holds two fashion degrees – she finished her merchandising and marketing degree.
Gretchen can’t hide how happy and proud she is with what her daughter had accomplished:
“My baby love @dominique”
(Photo source: Instagram – @dominique)

domain: design


Layered elastic theory (LET) has been used successfully for many years in the design and analysis of asphalt pavements. An attractive feature of this approach is its ability to represent the layered-pavement structure with variable interface conditions between consecutive layers. Several computer programs (BISAR, WESLEA, and JULEA) for the analysis of pavement systems were developed on the basis of LET. A new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) procedure was recently developed by NCHRP under AASHTO sponsorship. It requires that layered elastic analysis be performed more than 1,000 times for a single design simulation of a flexible (asphalt) pavement, which makes the flexible design process extremely time consuming. An important step toward reducing the time needed to use the MEPDG software is improvement in the computational efficiency of the layered elastic analysis. In this paper, a new layered elastic analysis program, MnLayer, is presented. Several improvements in the numerical evaluation of the inverse Hankel transform of the layered elastic solutions were implemented into the program. A comprehensive comparison of MnLayer with two widely used layered elastic analysis programs demonstrated that MnLayer's accuracy matches or exceeds the accuracy of these other programs while its computational time is as little as 1/20 of theirs.


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How Much Weight Can You Lose?
According to a Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine’s (PCRM) study as a vegan, you can lose weight within 1 – 2 weeks. And you can lose up to 2 to 3 pounds a week (and keep it off if you stick to a whole food plant-based –or vegan– diet). You’ll get slimmer but only if you avoid the sugar which can spike appetite and cause you to overeat. In average weight loss after transitioning to a whole-food, plant-based diet is about a pound a week.
After a few months, a well-balanced vegan diet that is low in salt and processed food may also help prevent heart disease, stroke and reduce the risk of diabetes. As the intake of nutrients like iron, zinc, and calcium is reduced on a vegan diet, your body will get better at absorbing nutrients from the intestine.
While most plant-based foods will help with weight loss and eliminating belly fat, some are especially fat loss–promoting: berries, broccoli, quinoa, black beans, and dates.
Below is a list of foods to emphasize:
Calcium-fortified soy products
(Dark) leafy greens
Omega-3 rich foods like flax, hemp seeds, chia, walnuts
Iodized salt or kelp flakes
Foods that contain high amounts of calcium:
Vegetables: Rhubarb Stalks, Collard Greens, Spinach, Kale, Broccoli
Fruit: Navel Oranges
Legumes: Calcium Fortified Soy Milk, Calcium Set Tofu, White Beans
Nuts & Seeds: Almonds, Tahini
Research reveals that a plant-based diet reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by 40 percent. It also reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by 40 percent. And can fully or partially open blocked arteries in up to 91 percent of patients.
Not Losing Weight on a Vegan Diet?
A whole food plant-based diet usually leads to healthy weight loss, but if you’re not seeing the scale move, there could be several reasons why:
- You’re still eating and cooking with oil.
- You need to eat more leafy greens (and fiber in general)
- You’re going out to eat too much.
Challenges with a Vegan Diet:
Fresh produce can be very perishable (buy just as much as you need to minimize waste).
Possibly a protein-deficient diet.
Possibly deficient in certain nutrients such as iron calcium, and B12.
If you decide to go vegan, it could be challenging to give up eating animals.
A 2006 study by Czech researchers found women judge the body odor of vegetarian men to be “significantly more attractive, more pleasant, and less intense,” than that of their carnivorous men.

domain: food


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Hi everyone! I’m Miki and this is my first post for Gallery Standouts and I’m excited to be part of this group! After spending so much time (most of the morning) browsing the galleries, all I can say is … Wow! So much inspiration and talent! Here are my picks for today.
First Love by frani_54 caught my eye immediately. I’ve always been a fan of Fran’s work and this is no exception. Beautiful journaling about her first love, ballet, and the dedication and dream to become a ballerina. Love the star framing the tutu and slippers with the smaller stars scattered around. The art strokes flow like the movement of a dancer. And of course all of the pink love!
Love the clean design and all the white space on this page, Sleepy Ave, by Heidi Nicole. A quiet moment captured and documented. I also love the balance of the photo, tag and ribbon against the striped paper. Simply beautiful!
Next up is Excitement by grammy1971. Love how she is documenting a special upcoming event and the anticipation she’s feeling. A beautiful design and color palette. The stitched heart is perfect, encapsulating all the love!
When I saw this sweet face I cracked up laughing! Love all the color and energy found in Random by Rochelle 86. Fabulous brush work and blending, also! Lots of fun here that will keep me smiling the rest of the day!
I adore this page, My Little Love, by sylvia. The photo captures a beautiful smile that is so contagious. Again, the simple design with the pop of layered pink frames draws the eye right to the focus of the page, the gorgeous smile. The title is supported by the tiny little bug on the opposite side. Also love how the design is set against the striped paper. A happy page!
My last pick is You’re Stronger Than You Think by caapmum. What a great message! Love the sunset photos of the beach and the single figure embracing the sun. The banner and art stroke moves the eye around the bold words of the title. I also love the balance created on the left side of the page with the tabs and flowers. Beautiful inspiration!
Hope you enjoyed the picks and inspiration for today!
One thought on “Finger Pointing – February 6”
Thank you so much Miki ? for choosing my LO.
Congrats @ all!


The quality of your photos depends on the size of the sensor inside your camera: A larger sensor can pick up more light, which gives you better shots, whether it's broad daylight or the middle of the night. A bigger, better sensor also effectively gives you more options in terms of depth of field. If you want that effect where the subject is in focus and the background is wonderfully blurry, a big sensor will help. Of course, with a larger sensor, the price of the camera goes up accordingly. Here's the terminology to keep in mind: Full-frame sensors are the largest (the sensor is the size of a 35mm piece of film), followed by APS-C, 1.5-inch, and then Micro Four Thirds. You'll often find 1-inch sensors in high-end compacts. It's worth nothing that the sensors don't measure 1-inch in real life, but the designation is based on an archaic standard traced back to video technology.


- Creates up to two mounting points for Bow/Stern Tie-Downs on vehicles without easy access mounting points - Two nylon looped straps that can be mounted directly to the vehicle inside the hood
- Fits all Yakima crossbars except 86-inch - Sold in sets of 4
Bar adapter that allows you to run RoundBar on StreamLine Towers.
Getting your gear onto your rack isnt complete until youve secured it. This pair of super strong box-stitched 16 straps include soft, rubber-coated buckles to protect your boats and gear from scratches.
Make carrying your boat highway safe with these bow/stern tie downs. Forget about tying knots, these tie downs feature handy ratchet pulleys that are easy to use and are corrosion resistant. Theyre also great for securing non-nautical loads like ladders or lumber. - Secures the bow and stern of any boat - Best in class corrosion resistance - Clear plastic tubes protect your vehicle from damage
$43.00 - $50.00
Yakima's vehicle-specific Q Clips are required to mount Yakima Q-Towers to your car. One end of the Q Clip attaches to the Tower and the other end attaches to your vehicle's door frame when you fasten your roof rack. Plus, they're coated to protect your vehicle's finish. Select the right model Q Clip for your vehicle using Yakima's rack configurator.
$48.00 - $126.00
Yakima's vehicle-specific Landing Pads are required to mount Yakima Control Towers to your car. One end of the Landing Pad attaches to the Tower and the other end attaches to your vehicle's factory track system. They also have rubber bottoms to protect your vehicle's finish. Select the right model Landing Pad for your vehicle using the Yakima fit configurator.
Yakima's Universal Mighty Mounts are a simple way to install Yakima accessories on your car's factory racks. The universal design fits almost all factory crossbars.
Yakima's LoadStop brackets prevent your loads from shifting side to side, without having to stuff a whole bunch of folded-up blankets onto your roof. FEATURES: - Carries ladders and lumber with sturdy L-shaped brackets - Safely holds loads by preventing lateral shifts with grippy ribbed surface - Holds thicker, taller loads with a higher vertical edge - Compatible with Yakima crossbars only - Works well when paired with Heavy Duty Straps (sold separately) - Set of 4 brackets
-Extends the Mini Skinny by 14" -Integrated 9mm Fork Mount -Retains 50% of usable crossbar space -Locking roof bar mounts -Basket comes fully assembled
A premium, universal wheel fork for the new bike axle standards. The universal SpinVice clamp works on most crossbar shapes and is compatible with an SKS lock. - Folds down when not in use - Universal bar attachment with SpinVice clamps - Double wheel retention with axle and ZipStrips - Lockable to crossbars (accepts one SKS lock) - Works with all new wheel and axle sizes TECHNICAL SPECS - Weight: 2.30 lbs - Dimensions: L 19.00” x W 5.00” x H 9.00”
Besides improving your vehicle's looks, the Yakima Fairing reduces wind noise and the amount of debris that strikes your bikes. Its sleek design fits most windshield angles and curvatures and is compatible with every Yakima tower. Plus, it's easy to install and a great place for your favorite bike stickers!
Yakima's CrossBars are a necessary component of your rack system. They attach to your towers and enable you to affix bike trays, ski carriers, rooftop boxes, etc. Strong and durable, they're made of vinyl coated steel and stand up to harsh weather.
- Sold in pairs-combine them with rollers or saddles for a custom set-up - Flexible saddle shape conforms to boat hull for secure full contact cradling - Felt padded cradles protect hulls and are shaped for easy loading - Tool free install to any cross bar - Locks to base with SKS lock Cores for added security (sold separately) - Premium HeavyDuty strap and bow/stern tie down included - Capacity: 1 kayak 80lbs (when used with another pair of saddles or rollers)
Be the envy of all the boaters at the river with the EvenKeel's ingenious and thrifty saddle-style rooftop rack. Universal mounts fit nearly any crossbar right out of the box. And out of the box it comes with everything you need to haul your boat, including straps and bow/stern tie-downs. Sold in a set of 4.
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Pythons exhibit a doubling of heart rate when metabolism increases several times during digestion. Pythons, therefore, represent a promising model organism to study autonomic cardiovascular regulation during the postprandial state, and previous studies show that the postprandial tachycardia is governed by a release of vagal tone as well as a pronounced stimulation from nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) factors. Here we show that infusion of plasma from digesting donor pythons elicit a marked tachycardia in fasting snakes, demonstrating that the NANC factor resides in the blood. Injections of the gastrin and cholecystokinin receptor antagonist proglumide had no effect on double-blocked heart rate or blood pressure. Histamine has been recognized as a NANC factor in the early postprandial period in pythons, but the mechanism of its release has not been identified. Mast cells represent the largest repository of histamine in vertebrates, and it has been speculated that mast cells release histamine during digestion. Treatment with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn significantly reduced postprandial heart rate in pythons compared with an untreated group but did not affect double-blocked heart rate. While this study indicates that histamine induces postprandial tachycardia in pythons, its release during digestion is not stimulated by gastrin or cholecystokinin nor is its release from mast cells a stimulant of postprandial tachycardia.
- nonadrenergic, noncholinergic factor
- ganglion blockade
the metabolic rate of all animals increases during digestion, but the metabolic response to digestion is particularly pronounced in species, such as snakes, that ingest very large meals at irregular intervals (21). As an example, when pythons, a typical sit-and-wait predator, ingest meals of 20–50% of their own body mass, the prolonged digestive response is associated with a 3- to 10-fold rise in oxygen uptake (12, 13, 22, 29). This increased oxygen demand is met by a rise in cardiac output, which is accomplished through a rise in both heart rate and stroke volume (6, 22). The rise in heart rate is mediated by released parasympathetic tone on the heart (24, 28), but most of the tachycardia arise from a nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) factor (24, 28).
Histamine is a NANC factor that exerts a positive chronotropic effect on the heart during the first 24 h of digestion in pythons (24), but the source and mechanism of release has not been identified. Plasma concentrations of histamine do not increase during digestion in pythons (24) and circulating histamine, therefore, does not act directly on the heart. Digestion is accompanied by the release of several hormones and endocrine regulatory peptides such as neurotensin and cholecystokinin (CCK) (19). These may be involved in the postprandial cardiovascular responses and could act as the initiating hormonal factor on postprandial tachycardia. A major store of histamine in the vertebrates is mast cells (14, 15, 17), distributed throughout the body, including cardiac tissues. It is possible that histamine is released from mast cells due to a hormonal stimulation. Alternatively, histamine may be released from cardiac nerve endings. In mammals, it is known that norepinephrine and histamine are coreleased from nerve endings in the cardiac ganglion (8). Also, in invertebrates and nonmammalian vertebrates, both central and peripheral histaminergic neurons have been identified and might be the site of histamine release (8, 10). It has been suggested, therefore, that histamine is either coreleased from nerve endings or released from cardiac mast cells in response to hormonal stimulation (24). Here we investigate these hypotheses to understand the mechanism underlying histamine release and its role as a NANC factor on the heart.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighteen Python regius and 23 Python molurus with a body mass ranging from 150 to 1,600 g were purchased from a commercial supplier and kept at Aarhus University. A heating system ensured a temperature gradient between 25°C and 32°C within the vivaria. The animals were fed once a week and had free access to water but were fasted at least 1 wk before experimentation. All animals grew during captivity and appeared healthy. Experiments were performed according to Danish Federal Regulations.
Surgery and Instrumentation
Studies of anesthetized snakes (Python regius).
Snakes were anesthetized by an intramuscular injection of pentobarbital sodium (25 mg/kg, Mebumal, Sygehus Apotekerne, Denmark) and tracheotomized for artificial ventilation at 10 breaths/min and 50 ml/kg using a Harvard Apparatus mechanical ventilator (Cambridge, MA) when reflexes had disappeared. A ventrolateral incision was made posterior to the kidney, and a polyethylene (PE)-50 catheter containing heparinized saline (50 IU/ml) was advanced into the aorta to measure systemic blood pressure. The left pulmonary artery, which perfuses the smaller left lung and carries less than a quarter of the total pulmonary blood flow (N. Skovgaard and T. Wang; unpublished observations), was occlusively cannulated with a PE-50 catheter for measurements of pulmonary blood pressure. Blood flows were measured using 1.5 R transit-time ultrasonic blood flow probes (Transonic System) placed around the left aortic arch and the right pulmonary artery. Acoustical gel was infused around the blood flow probes to enhance the signal.
To allow vagal stimulation of the heart, a ventral incision was made posterior to the head in two snakes and the vagus nerves were exposed. The nerves were placed on two silver electrodes and stimulated using a Grass s48 Stimulator (Grass Instruments, Quincy, MA).
Studies on recovered snakes (Python regius and Python molurus).
Anesthesia was induced by inhalation of ∼5% isoflurane (Baxter, Denmark) until all reflexes disappeared. The snakes were then intubated for mechanical ventilation with 1–2% isoflurane during the remaining surgery. A 4-cm ventrolateral incision gained access to the vertebral artery or the dorsal aorta posterior to the kidney, which was occlusively cannulated with PE catheters (PE-50 or PE-76) filled with heparinized saline (50 IU/ml). The catheter was fastened with surgical silk (5-0) before exteriorized through the skin and secured with surgical silk (2/0). The incision was closed with surgical silk (2/0). All snakes were left to recover overnight at 30°C within a climatic chamber. We have previously shown that heart rate, blood pressure, and circulating levels of catecholamines return to resting values within this period (11).
Measurements of Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Blood Flow
Arterial catheters were connected to disposable pressure transducers (model PX600; Baxter Edwards, Irvine, CA) that were calibrated daily against a static water column, and the signal was amplified using an in-house built preamplifier. Flow probes were connected to a Transonic dual flowmeter (T206, Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY). Signals from the pressure transducers and the blood flow meter were recorded with a Biopac MP100 data acquisition system (Biopac Systems, Goleta, CA) at 100 or 200 Hz.
Experiments were conducted on anesthetized as well as fully recovered snakes. The recovered snakes were kept in boxes within a climatic chamber at 30°C during the entire experiment, where they were shielded from visual and auditory disturbances. Experiments on anesthetized snakes were conducted with the animals lying on a heating pad to keep the body temperature at 30°C. Python regius were unwilling to feed voluntarily and were force fed with freshly killed adult mice or preweaned rats. Python molurus were fed with live adult mice. Snakes had been fed a meal equivalent to 23.2 ± 0.8% (means ± SE) of their body mass (to be referred as “digesting snakes” throughout the paper). All measurements on digesting snakes were taken 24 h into the postprandial period. Resting values of blood pressure and heart rate of recovered snakes were obtained 1–2 h after the catheters were connected. All injections were given in aliquots of 1 ml/kg in the systemic arterial catheter and separated by 30–60 min. Thus antagonists were allowed at least 30 min to take effect. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Denmark).
Effects of ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium on postprandial heart rate.
To examine the possibility that histamine is coreleased from postganglionic autonomic nerves innervating the heart, eight Python regius were treated with the ganglion blocker hexamethonium bromide. Resting heart rate and systemic blood pressure were measured in recovered fasting snakes and 24 h into the postprandial period. Atropine (4 mg/kg), propranolol (4 mg/kg), and hexamethonium bromide (10 mg/kg) were administered in alternating orders. Four snakes were injected with atropine followed by propranolol and then hexamethonium bromide. In another four snakes, hexamethonium bromide was injected before atropine and propranolol.
To verify the autonomic ganglionic blockade by hexamethonium bromide, the vagus nerves were stimulated with 20 V at 4 Hz in two anesthetized Python regius. Hexamethonium bromide (10 mg/kg) was then administered and after 20 min the vagus nerves were stimulated with 20 V at 4, 10, and 100 Hz.
Effects of donor plasma on systemic blood pressure and heart rate in fasting recovered snakes.
To investigate whether the putative NANC factor is a circulating substance, donor plasma from fasting and fed Python molurus was injected as a 3% of body mass bolus, thus ∼50% of total blood volume, in fasting Python molurus treated with a combination of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (4 mg/kg) and the cholinergic antagonist atropine (4 mg/kg). Double-blocked heart rate was recorded after the double autonomic blockade with propranolol and atropine. Hereafter, the snakes were infused over 5 min with donor plasma from a fasting python followed by an infusion of donor plasma from a digesting python. Donor plasma from fed snakes was taken 24 h into digestion of a meal equivalent to 26% of body mass. The two infusions of donor plasma were separated by 2 h. Heart rate and systemic blood pressure were analyzed 10 min after infusion of each plasma sample.
Effects of histamine in digesting snakes.
The role of histamine in regulating heart rate was investigated in three groups of recovered Python molurus. One group served as control and another group was treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn (25 mg/kg; injected every 6 h over 27 h). Heart rate and systemic blood pressure were recorded in the same animals during fasting and digestion. Double-blocked heart rate was obtained after double autonomic blockade (atropine and propranolol; 4 mg/kg) followed by administration of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (40 mg/kg). The effect of ranitidine was verified by injections of histamine (250 nmol/kg) before and after blockade. In initial experiments, the H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine (20 mg/kg) was injected after ranitidine. In a third group of recovered Python molurus, histamine (250 nmol/kg) was injected in fasting and digesting snakes after double autonomic blockade.
Effects of pentagastrin and the gastrin and cholescystokinin receptor antagonist proglumide.
After instrumentation of anesthetized Python regius, basal hemodynamic variables (systemic and pulmonary blood flow and pressure) were recorded for up to 45 min. The peptide was dissolved in 0.15% (wt/vol) acetone, and aliquots were stored at −20°C. The peptide was diluted to the desired concentration in 0.9% (wt/vol) saline containing 0.5% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin immediately before use. To determine whether the vehicle for injections exerted hemodynamic effects, a 1 ml/kg injection of 0.9% saline containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin and 0.15% acetone was given. A 30 nmol/kg pentagastrin bolus intraarterial injection was given in untreated and in double-blocked (atropine and propranolol; 3 mg/kg) animals. Pentagastrin injections were separated by 1 h.
After we obtained values for heart rate and systemic blood pressure in recovered fasting and then fed Python molurus, atropine and propranolol (4 mg/kg) were administered and double-blocked heart rate was recorded. To investigate the role of gastrin and CCK in regulating heart rate during digestion, the gastrin and CCK receptor antagonist proglumide (20 mg/kg) was injected in fed Python molurus (N = 4).
Data Analysis and Statistics
Calculations of blood flows, stroke volume, and vascular resistance in anesthetized snakes.
Because the left pulmonary artery was occlusively cannulated, blood flow measurements in the right pulmonary artery represent total pulmonary blood flow (Qpul). In anesthetized Python regius, total systemic blood flow (Qsys) can be estimated as 2.5 times left aortic blood flow (QLAo) (23a). Total cardiac output (Qtot) was calculated as Qsys + Qpul. Heart rate (fH) was calculated from the instantaneous blood flow trace from the left aortic arch, and total stroke volume (VStot; pulmonary + systemic) was calculated as Qtot/fH. Pulmonary and systemic resistances (Rpul and Rsys, respectively) were calculated from mean blood pressure and mean blood flow (Rpul = Ppul/Qpul and Rsys = Psys/Qsys) assuming that central venous blood pressures are negligible.
All data recordings were analyzed using AcqKnowledge data analysis software (version 3.9.1; Biopac, Goleta, CA). Data were evaluated using paired t-test and one-way or two-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by a Holm-Sidak post hoc test. Differences were considered statistically significant at a 95% level of confidence (P < 0.05). All data are presented as means ± SE.
Digestion caused a large increase in heart rate in Python molurus from 19.0 ± 1.2 beats/min to 46.2 ± 2.6 beats/min (Fig. 1). Double-autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol resulted in a small but significant reduction in heart rate. However, the postprandial tachycardia was largely due to an increase in double-blocked heart rate from 22.4 ± 1.1 beats/min in fasting snakes to 40.2 ± 1.5 beats/min in digesting snakes. There were no effects of digestion or double autonomic blockade on systemic blood pressure.
Ganglion Blockade With Hexamethonium Bromide
The effects of ganglion blockade by hexamethonium in fully recovered and digesting Python regius are shown in Fig. 2. Heart rate increased significantly during digestion, but systemic blood pressure was not affected. After double autonomic blockade, hexamethonium had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure (Fig. 2, A and B). Hexamethonium, administered before double autonomic blockade, had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure, and the effects of subsequent injections of atropine and propranolol were abolished (Fig. 2, C and D). Stimulation of the vagus nerve in anesthetized snakes caused a decrease in heart rate accompanied by a decline in systemic blood pressure and left aortic blood flow (Fig. 3). Injection of hexamethonium abolished the effects of vagal stimulation verifying the ganglion blockade.
As shown in a representative trace in Fig. 4, infusion of plasma from a digesting donor python into fasting double-blocked snakes elicited a large increase in heart rate that persisted for more than 40 min. Infusion of donor plasma from a digesting snake caused a 57.7 ± 10.0% rise in heart rate, whereas plasma from a fasting donor python had a much smaller effect increasing heart rate with only 18.1 ± 5.6% (Fig. 4, C and E). There was no difference in the rise in blood pressure seen after infusion of fasting and digesting donor plasma (83.1 ± 19% and 88.4 ± 20.2%, respectively).
The effects of a bolus injection of histamine in double-blocked fasting and digesting snakes are shown in Fig. 5. Histamine increased double-blocked heart rate by 47.7 ± 10.2% in fasting snakes, whereas digesting snakes showed a significantly lower rise in heart rate (10.3 ± 4.4%). There were no changes in systemic blood pressure in either fasting or digesting snakes.
Mast Cell Stabilizer (Cromolyn)
The postprandial increase in heart rate was significantly reduced in the cromolyn-treated group compared with the control group (Fig. 6). Atropine and propranolol decreased postprandial heart rate significantly in the control group but had no effect in the animals treated with cromolyn. The histamine H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine had no effect on double-blocked heart rate. There were no effects on systemic blood pressure.
CCK and Gastrin Antagonist (Proglumide)
In anesthetized Python regius, pentagastrin bolus injections caused an increase in heart rate and cardiac output accompanied by a rise in systemic and pulmonary blood flows and pressures (Table 1). Pentagastrin had no effects on vascular resistances. The effects of pentagastrin on heart rate and blood flows were abolished after treatment with atropine and propranolol, whereas the increase in blood pressures persisted.
Digestion more than doubled heart rate in recovered Python molurus (Fig. 7). Double autonomic blockade led to a small but significant decrease in heart rate, while subsequent injection of the CCK and gastrin antagonist proglumide had no effect on double-blocked heart rate but decreased systemic blood pressure slightly.
Our study confirms the presence of a NANC factor during digestion in pythons and shows that the majority of the tachycardia is caused by a factor in the plasma that is not released from nerve endings. While the nature of this substance remains unknown, our study indicates that the regulatory peptide gastrin does not directly stimulate heart rate. We show that Python molurus resemble Python regius by having a large histaminergic tone in the initial phase of digestion. Thus it seems reasonable to propose that an unknown factor, possibly one or more hormones or regulatory peptides, released to the blood stream during digestion, stimulates the sinusatrial node and induces the postprandial tachycardia through the action of histamine as a NANC factor.
Is NANC Factor Released From Nerve Endings?
In mammals, histamine and norepinephrine are stored and coreleased from sympathetic nerve endings in cardiac ganglions (8). In snakes, however, digestion is associated with decreased or unaltered cardiac sympathetic tone (28), making it unlikely that histamine is coreleased from sympathetic cardiac neurons during digestion. However, as in mammals, central and peripheral histaminergic neurons have been identified in both invertebrates and nonmammalian vertebrates (5, 8, 10), which may release histamine during digestion. The autonomic ganglion blocker hexamethonium effectively blocked the heart rate response to electrical stimulation of the vagosympathetic trunk in anesthetized snakes but did not reduce the postprandial heart rate response in recovered animals. It is unlikely, therefore, that a NANC factor is coreleased from nerve endings.
Is NANC Factor a Circulating Substance?
Infusion of plasma from a digesting donor python caused a marked and prolonged increase in double-blocked heart rate in fasting recipient pythons, indicating that that the NANC factor is a circulating substance (Fig. 4). Plasma concentrations of many hormones and regulatory peptides increase manyfold during digestion in pythons and are involved in cardiovascular control (19, 23). The concentration of the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin peaks during the initial phase of digestion (19), and we have earlier hypothesized that postprandial NANC stimulation of the heart could arise from increased circulating levels of this hormone, which either acts directly on the heart or through the release of chronotropic agents such as histamine (24). However, injection of the gastrin/CCK antagonist proglumide had no effect on double-blocked heart rate in digesting snakes and, therefore, the involvement of either gastrin or CCK in the NANC stimulation is doubtful. In addition, pentagastrin, a synthetic form of gastrin, did not have a direct effect on the heart in anesthetized Python regius, but the increases in heart rate and cardiac output were mediated through either muscarinic or β-adrenergic receptors. Thus it is unlikely that gastrin stimulates release of the NANC factor. Other hormones released from the gastrointestinal system have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of the postprandial increase in cardiac output and heart rate. In dogs and humans, secretin increases heart rate and cardiac output during digestion (3, 4), and the intestinal hormone oxyntomodulin, which is released during digestion, increases intrinsic heart rate in mice when administered peripherally (26). Neither of these hormones was investigated in this study.
Role of Histamine in Inducing Postprandial Tachycardia
Injection of histamine in recovered Python molurus had a much greater effect on heart rate in double-blocked fasting snakes compared with double-blocked digesting snakes, indicating a histaminergic tone within digesting animals. The abolished effect of histamine during digestion could also be because the maximum cardiac capacity has been reached. This seems unlikely, however, since more pronounced increases in heart rate has been demonstrated in previous experiments (20, 22, 28).
Injection of the histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine did not change double-blocked heart rate in fed animals, showing that cardiac H2-receptors are not involved in the stimulation of postprandial tachycardia in Python molurus. Contrary to this, histamine stimulates postprandial tachycardia by the direct effect on cardiac H2-receptors in Python regius (24). To determine the possible involvement of other histamine receptors, experiments were carried out with histamine H1-receptor antagonists citirizine and diphenhydramine (data not shown). Both antagonists had severe cardiotoxic effects and experiments were stopped, and the involvement of H1-receptors remains inconclusive. The cardiotoxic effect of histamine H1-receptors antagonist has previously been seen in other animal species (9).
The postprandial rise in heart rate was attenuated in snakes treated with cromolyn, which stabilizes mast cells indicating that mast cells are involved in the postprandial tachycardia. The result is not clear, however, since the difference between cromolyn-treated and control group did not persist in the double-blocked groups. Plasma concentrations of histamine are unchanged during digestion in Python regius (24) and histamine is, therefore, not transported within the circulation during digestion. Mast cells are distributed in most body compartments in vertebrates (16), including cardiac tissues in snakes (25). Along with ECL cells in the gastric mucosa, mast cells are the primary site for histamine storage site in most vertebrates (16). Histamine released from cardiac mast cells induces a chronotropic cardiac response in mammals, including humans (2, 27). Our results, however, indicate that degranulation of mast cells is associated with the autonomic regulation of the heart during digestion and possibly not the NANC response.
Perspectives and Significance
Because of the pronounced morphological and functional responses to digestion (1, 7, 11, 18, 24), pythons represent a suitable animal model to study the cardiovascular responses to increased metabolism. Our demonstration that heart rate is greatly influenced by a circulating factor present in the plasma demonstrates that humoral factors may override autonomic nervous control and points to the likely scenario that the gastrointestinal organs release regulatory peptides, or other signal molecules, that act directly on the heart without involving the nervous system. As such the postprandial response of pythons is an example of an integrated physiological response where organs signal directly to each other.
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
Author contributions: S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., T.W., and N.S. conception and design of research; S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., and N.S. performed experiments; S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., and N.S. analyzed data; S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., T.W., and N.S. interpreted results of experiments; S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., and N.S. prepared figures; S.E. drafted manuscript; S.E., T.W., and N.S. edited and revised manuscript; S.E., L.S.S., S.V.P., T.W., and N.S. approved final version of manuscript.
This study was supported by The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation.
- Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society

domain: medical


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UPDATE: Another robbery: 11:30pm robbery on OSU campus at Frambes and High St.
UPDATE: Another robbery: 4pm robbery on OSU campus directly outside OSU Office of Legal Affairs, feet away from student dorms.
University and police documents show that there have been 12 victims of robberies near the OSU campus since the beginning of October; this is unacceptable.
The image above shows, Aaron Peacock, who was assaulted and robbed Sunday morning near the intersection of 18th Avenue and Summit Street. -The Lantern, Monday, November 14, 2011
"The man hit Barnett [another victim] several times in the head with the butt of a gun, knocking him to the ground. The robber took $100 in cash, an iPhone and Barnett’s driver’s license and college ID and left him bleeding in an alley just steps from his Neil Avenue apartment." -The Columbus Dispatch, Sunday November 13, 2011
Click the red "SIGN" box on the left to PETITION OSU to improve student safety.
1. Share the link to this website with friends and family:
2. Off campus video surveillance at Johns Hopkins helps catch and deter criminals. http://go.osu.edu/HopkinsSecurity
3. Extend hours of student safety shuttle service to 6am (one robbery occurred at 5:15am). http://go.osu.edu/SSS
4. Off camups jurisdiction for OSUPD.
5. Increased police presence on and off campus.
Michael Dworkin started this petition with a single signature, and now has 6,440 supporters. Start a petition today to change something you care about.


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Waynesville High School students hosted Tiger Culture Night on Jan. 29 before the varsity game against
St. Louis Christian Academy. Jasmyn Moore, a WHS freshman, helped organize the event and serves on the district’s Diversity Committee.Tiger Culture Night participants included middle school and high school students, Special Olympians and Fort Leonard Wood International Military Students.
"Issued February 1, 2019"
Address 200 Fleetwood Drive, Waynesville, MO 65583


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Connecting Tax and Financial Services in Cohesive Strategies
Often, a financial advisor and tax professional are the two most trusted professionals in one’s financial life. At Schlumberger Accounting Services, Inc., our mission is to combine the two into one, serving as a one-stop resource for tax, accounting, audit representation, investment*, and financial services*. We are a full-service firm working with clients throughout Florida, whether they are business owners, working professionals, or individuals approaching or living in retirement.
As an independent firm, we are in a unique position: we can offer a wide array of services and products typically found at a large firm, but offer the personal care and communication of a small practice. We focus on building long-term client relationships by always striving to make clients feel welcome and part of the family.
Based in Crystal River, Florida, many of our clients are based in Citrus County. Whether you are focused on financial strategies for your business or tax planning for retirement income, contact us to learn more about how we may be able to help you.
*Investment and financial services are offered by Bob Schlumberger and Jennifer Jones through their affiliation with HD Vest.
To Catch a Thief
Having your identity stolen may result in financial loss plus the cost of trying to restore your good name.
What’s Your Investment IQ?
You make decisions for your portfolio, but how much do you really know about the products you buy? Try this quiz
Events on Wall Street
Can successful investors predict changes in the markets? Some can but others miss the market’s signals.
Dropping off your son or daughter is loaded with emotions; here are a few tips for a smoother experience.
Looking forward to retirement? It's critical to understand the difference between immediate and deferred annuities.
Beware of these traps that could upend your retirement.
Most women don’t shy away from the day-to-day financial decisions, but some may be leaving their future to chance.
Individuals have three basic choices with the 401(k) account they accrued at a previous employer.
Workers 50+ may make contributions to their qualified retirement plans above the limits imposed on younger workers.
This calculator will help determine whether you should invest funds or pay down debt.
Use this calculator to assess the potential benefits of a home mortgage deduction.
This calculator estimates your chances of becoming disabled and your potential need for disability insurance.
Estimate the total cost in today's dollars of various mortgage alternatives.
This calculator helps estimate your federal estate tax liability.
Use this calculator to estimate your capital gains tax.
There are a number of ways to withdraw money from a qualified retirement plan.
The importance of life insurance, how it works, and how much coverage you need.
The chances of needing long-term care, its cost, and strategies for covering that cost.
Investment tools and strategies that can enable you to pursue your retirement goals.
A number of questions and concerns need to be addressed to help you better prepare for retirement living.
How federal estate taxes work, plus estate management documents and tactics.
$1 million in a diversified portfolio could help finance part of your retirement.
Taking your Social Security benefits at the right time may help maximize your benefit.
Agent Jane Bond is on the case, uncovering the mystery of bond laddering.
Do you know how to set up your financial goals for success? This knight does.
There’s an alarming difference between perception and reality for current and future retirees.
When do you need a will? The answer is easy: Right Now.

domain: finance


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Librarian & Resource manager jobs
Find the latest librarian & resource manager jobs on Guardian Jobs.
Sort by: Most recent Salary
- £23,731 - £29,058 per annum
An exciting opportunity for a librarian to join a committed staff team within a growing academy
- Employer: EVELYN GRACE ACADEMY
- £17,760 - £18,921
Woodkirk Academy is seeking to recruit a Learning Resources Centre Manager.
- Employer: WOODKIRK ACADEMY
6 days left
www.globalacademyjobs.com/ Global Academic Jobs from Post Doc to VC/President. Visit Us Now!
Teaching Assistants Jobs
www.thesupplydesk.co.uk/ Find the best teaching assistants jobs with us. Join Us Now!
www.universityjobs.com/ University Jobs, Faculty positions Research jobs, postdoc jobs

domain: library


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Vaccination at Open Door’s 333 S. Madison St. location in Muncie
If you are eligible, CLICK HERE to schedule vaccination online.
To schedule by phone, call 211.
The state’s eligibility guidelines currently apply to vaccination at Open Door. This means vaccination is limited to specific groups. Included in those groups are all Hoosiers age 50 and older. Vaccination is also available at other sites in the county. Eligible individuals can be vaccinated at any site, even sites outside their own county.
Things to know about vaccination at Open Door:
- By appointment only (Mon. 8-5 / Tues., Weds., Thurs. 8-6 / Fri. 8-5)
- You do NOT need to be an Open Door patient.
- Open Door’s vaccine is currently Moderna.
- You’ll receive TWO Moderna doses, FOUR weeks apart. At your 1st visit, you’ll be scheduled for your 2nd dose.
- Vaccination is at 333 S. Madison St. Use the main entrance off Adams St.
- Wheelchairs are available. (Vaccination is indoors, not drive-through.)
- Due to limited supply, walk-ins cannot be accepted.
General COVID-19 vaccination information
- Request transportation assistance by calling 211.
- Citizenship is NOT required for vaccination. Citizenship information is not collected.
- Photo ID may be required at the time of vaccination.
- The vaccine is NO COST to you. Insurance information may be collected when applicable, but you will not be billed.
Who is currently eligible for COVID-19 vaccination in Indiana?
Click here to see the full list.


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Visit the Energy Systems Laboratory Homepage.
The Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program: Report to the Monitoring and Analysis Review Committee, August 1991 (Volume II)
MetadataShow full item record
The LoanSTAR program has now completed its second prototype year. This report is Volume II of a two volume set that documents the progress since the January 1991 MARC meeting. This second volume contains papers and supporting material prepared by the LoanSTAR staff and faculty at Texas A&M University, as well as other supporting material. The first volume contains photocopies of the material presented at the Monitoring and Advisory Review Committee (MARC) meeting held in Austin, Texas, on August 19-20,1991.
Turner, W. D.; Claridge, D. E.; Athar, A.; Kissock, J. K.; Reddy, T. A.; Ruch, D. K.; Haberl, J. S.; Katipamula, S.; Willis, D.; Lopez, R.; Sparks, R. J.; Bryant, J.; O'Neal, D. L.; Heffington, W. M.; Brown, M. (1991). The Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring and Analysis Program: Report to the Monitoring and Analysis Review Committee, August 1991 (Volume II). Energy Systems Laboratory (http://esl.tamu.edu), Texas A&M University; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University. Available electronically from

domain: literature


Richard Bejtlich, a well-known security expert, published an insight on how to setup a FreeBSD network sensor for traffic sniffing:
Several of you have asked about my experiences using FreeBSD sensors inside VMware Workstation. I use VMs in my Network Security Operations class. I especially use VMs on the final day of training, when each team in the class gets access to a VM attack host, a VM target, a VM sensor, and a VM to be monitored defensively. As currently configured, each host has at least one NIC bridged to the network. The sensor VMs have a second interface with no IP also bridged to the network. When any VM takes action against another, the sensors see it. This scenario does not describe how a VM sensor might watch traffic from a tap, however.
I decided to document how to use VMware to create a sensor that sniffs traffic from a tap. I outline two scenarios. The first uses a port aggregator tap with a single interface out to a sensor. The second uses a traditional tap with two interfaces out to a sensor.
Read more at source.
Notice that performances could be slightly worst than in a physical box so you should test the solution before adopt it in production.
I would also perform a packet count on both physical and virtal machines during the wiretap.


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Actor Hrithik Roshan’s co-owned activewear brand HRX is ready to launch a new category after seeing strong traction for apparel and footwear last year.
Company's co-founder and CEO, Afsar Zaidi, in a chat with Moneycontrol said that last year, after receiving many inquiries from HRX customers on sports and fitness equipment, they decided to launch a new category with Flipkart. The brand, which sells only through e-commerce platforms, is available on Flipkart, Jabong and Myntra.
"The pandemic propelled all of us to think about fitness, and, last year, every household had an everyday athlete," Zaidi added.
According to a Boston Consulting Group report, while India’s apparel market was down 27 percent from Rs 41.29 crore in 2019 to Rs 30.22 crore in 2020, the athleisure category witnessed significant growth owing to the work-from-home culture and the fitness needs of consumers.
Banking on the focus on fitness in India, HRX is expanding its portfolio and adding the sports and fitness category. It will start selling yoga mats, which, Zaidi said, is the basic thing when someone starts to work out at home.
Frequently Asked Questions
A vaccine works by mimicking a natural infection. A vaccine not only induces immune response to protect people from any future COVID-19 infection, but also helps quickly build herd immunity to put an end to the pandemic. Herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely. The good news is that SARS-CoV-2 virus has been fairly stable, which increases the viability of a vaccine.
There are broadly four types of vaccine — one, a vaccine based on the whole virus (this could be either inactivated, or an attenuated [weakened] virus vaccine); two, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine that uses a benign virus as vector that carries the antigen of SARS-CoV; three, nucleic-acid vaccines that have genetic material like DNA and RNA of antigens like spike protein given to a person, helping human cells decode genetic material and produce the vaccine; and four, protein subunit vaccine wherein the recombinant proteins of SARS-COV-2 along with an adjuvant (booster) is given as a vaccine.
Vaccine development is a long, complex process. Unlike drugs that are given to people with a diseased, vaccines are given to healthy people and also vulnerable sections such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. So rigorous tests are compulsory. History says that the fastest time it took to develop a vaccine is five years, but it usually takes double or sometimes triple that time.
"From (yoga) mats, we moved to dumbbells. Then we moved to sports equipment for badminton, football and volleyball. Two things which are my personal favourites are treadmills and cycles (which HRX will offer under the sports and fitness equipment category)."
So, the brand will launch dumbbells, kettlebells, and yoga mats in the first phase in June this year and items like bicycles and treadmills in the second phase in the third quarter.
When it comes to price point, a pair of 5-kg dumbbells will cost you around Rs 1,600.
When it comes to HRX launching a new category, it doesn't come as a surprise.
Focus on fitness
Last year, on e-commerce platform Amazon, products like yoga mats and gym sets saw five times more demand in April-May as compared to the pre-COVID period.
Sports goods companies like Decathlon, too, saw a 35 percent increase in yoga mats last year. Overall, industry experts estimated that in April and May last year, demand for fitness equipment was 60 percent higher as compared to the same period in 2019.
Even HRX, with the addition of new category of sports and fitness, is expecting strong growth.
HRX betting big on new category
“We are expecting a contribution from sports and fitness equipment in the range of 10-15 percent of total revenues," said Zaidi. Currently, apparel is the largest category for HRX, with 60 percent contribution coming from clothes and “30-35 percent from footwear and the remaining 5 percent from accessories," he added.
HRX, which became a brand worth Rs 500 crore in the first quarter of 2021, had clocked a revenue of Rs 375 crore last year.
Sharing more details about the clothes category, Zaidi said that in the apparel category, the male and female breakup has shifted from the 70:30 ratio to 65 percent and 35 percent, currently.
He also noted that last year, the footwear category got the maximum traction, unlike in previous years when the category saw a gradual increase in the percentage it was garnering in overall HRX sales.
In terms of new categories, HRX had also launched wireless audio devices last year .
This year, it plans to enter three categories."There is an interesting space we are entering. We have partnered with a brand called Noise and we will be launching tech products. There are two more areas, grooming and nutrition, where you will see HRX soon," said Zaidi.