text:
Jump to the beginning of June. I got another infection but this was worse. I started getting dizzy at work on a Monday and after 2 hours I had to leave. Then I was so dizzy I stayed home all week. On Tuesday I called my doctor and he gave me antibiotics. Well normally the dizziness will stop but it didn’t. So I got a stronger antibiotic on Thursday. Still nothing helped. So my husband took me to the ER on June 15, the same day my husband started his vacation. Well the doctor said you have vertigo, well duh plus my potassium was really low. They gave 4 potassium pills and 2 large steroid shots. In a few hours I felt better to go to the in-laws for dinner. I was also prescribed a steroid pack. I had a follow up appointment that Monday and the tube in my ear fell out which is normal. So I was to come back Friday to get it back in before my ENT doctor when on vacation. I was still really dizzy. I went to work one day and it was so bad my mom had to pick me up. So that Friday my husband took me to the doctor where the tube was back and we hoped with that along with the Meniett Device would help. He also said I had to get an MRI to check my brain. I was also given Valium to help calm things down. Well after we got home from the MRI office I felt so bad and it stayed that way all weekend. Mom took me to church where I just started crying. The Pastor and his wife prayed over me for healing then 5 minutes later their 6 yr daughter prayed for me. See I take turns teaching Sunday school and she said I was her favorite teacher. She hated seeing me in pain. So I had to wait a week for my ENT to come back. I spent most of the time working from home because I could not drive. The only thing I could think of was the dizziness was a reaction to the steroid shots. That next Sunday a lady at church who was an ICU RN told me that dizziness is a very common side effect. She called me the next day to say I might have to wait 4wks for all of it to leave my system. Did a lot more crying & praying. When my doctor came back he felt the steroids were causing a reaction and the MRI was all normal. He wanted to see me in one week and if I was not better I was going to be sent to a neurologist. So now I went to the follow up on July 9th he said I looked so much better but since I complained about being a little dizzy when moving my head too fast to the left or right or looking up, he said I probably have calcium crystals in my inner ear. This is not uncommon for Meniere’s patients. It’s called Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/bppv/bppv.html a>
So I started doing it last night since it’s the weekend. You never know how dizzy it will make me. So far it’s not too bad but I wonder if I’m doing it right. I just have to keep doing it.
Well sorry for another long post but you are now up to date with everything. Oh FYI, since I have been sick I had to stop the allergy shots. Didn’t want to add to the madness, lol.
Have a good evening everyone!

domain: health


VNNIC EPP Gateway System Model:
The system consists of the following basic components:
- EPP Gateway : Working with EPP Client from Registrars through EPP Protocol
- WHOIS System : Provide WHOIS service for Registrars and Internet users
- Registry Gateway : For Registry (VNNIC) functions, reporting, auditing ...
Beside this, VNNIC also provide an OTE system (with the same models ..) for Registrars to test connnection and epp commands ..
To using OTE system, Registrars shall register no more than 02 IP address which use to connect to this system. After receiving the registration, VNNIC will send the parameters to connect to the system.
Registration : By email to email@example.com
All information and support related to the EPP system, please contact:
- Mr. Tran Canh Toan: Deputy Head of Technical Department - VNNIC
- Phone: +84-24-35564944 (ext 307)
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org


text:
Resources Related to Children and Families
Fact sheet outlining how same-sex couples experience discrimination in marriage through the tax code.
Lambda Legal analysis of the unfair loss of Social Security benefits because of marriage discrimination.
Lambda Legal guide to the inequalities of marriage discrimination.
A fact sheet from the Family Equality Council detailing the state of marriage and the impacts of unequal marriage on families.
A study from GLSEN, with COLAGE and the Family Equality Council, detailing the experiences of LGBT parents and their children in the school system.
An LGBT-inclusive children's book about an anthropomorphic young guinea pig who worries that Uncle Bobby won't keep having fun with her after he marries his boyfriend Jamie.
American Psychoanalytic Association position statement in support of the legal recognition of civil marriage for same-sex couples.
Groundbreaking research showing a huge increase in same-sex couples identifying themselves as "unmarried partners".
Study documents that children raised by lesbian and gay parents do just fine.
The American Civil Liberties Union details numerous social science studies about gay parents and their children, confirming the ability of gay people to be good parents.
Stanford Law School professor, Michael S. Wald, examines the questions of states placing children in adoptive or foster homes, settling custody disputes or determining access to assisted reproductive technologies when a parent or prospective parent is gay.
2006 survey of social science research concluding that the freedom to marry would benefit gay couples, their kids, and society; and predicting growing public support for marriage equality.
The American Academy of Pediatrics' study finds marriage equality is good for children
A guide for parents of lesbian, gay, and bisexual children.
Demographic and socio-economic information on same-sex couples and same-sex couples raising children in US.

domain: sociology


text:
Frases de Timothy Leary
Fecha de nacimiento: 22. Octubre 1920
Fecha de muerte: 31. Mayo 1996
Timothy Francis Leary, Ph.D. fue un escritor, psicólogo y entusiasta de la investigación y uso de drogas psicodélicas. También fue una de las primeras personas cuyos restos fueron enviados al espacio por petición propia. Fue un famoso proponente de los beneficios terapéuticos y espirituales del uso del LSD.
Frases Timothy Leary
„Admit it. You aren’t like them. You’re not even close. You may occasionally dress yourself up as one of them, watch the same mindless television shows as they do, maybe even eat the same fast food sometimes. But it seems that the more you try to fit in, the more you feel like an outsider, watching the “normal people” as they go about their automatic existences. For every time you say club passwords like “Have a nice day” and “Weather’s awful today, eh?”, you yearn inside to say forbidden things like “Tell me something that makes you cry” or “What do you think deja vu is for?”. Face it, you even want to talk to that girl in the elevator. But what if that girl in the elevator (and the balding man who walks past your cubicle at work) are thinking the same thing? Who knows what you might learn from taking a chance on conversation with a stranger? Everyone carries a piece of the puzzle. Nobody comes into your life by mere coincidence. Trust your instincts. Do the unexpected. Find the others…“
„Throughout human history, as our species has faced the frightening, terrorizing fact that we do not know who we are, or where we are going in this ocean of chaos, it has been the authorities, the political, the religious, the educational authorities who attempted to comfort us by giving us order, rules, regulations, informing, forming in our minds their view of reality. To think for yourself you must question authority and learn how to put yourself in a state of vulnerable, open-mindedness; chaotic, confused, vulnerability to inform yourself.“
„Emotions are the lowest form of consciousness. Emotional actions are the most contracted, narrowing, dangerous form of behavior.
The romantic poetry and fiction of the last 200 years has quite blinded us to the fact that emotions are an active and harmful form of stupor.
Any peasant can tell you that. Beware of emotions. Any child can tell you that. Watch out for the emotional person. He is a lurching lunatic.
Emotions are caused by biochemical secretions in the body to serve during the state of acute emergency. An emotional person is a blind, crazed maniac. Emotions are addictive and narcotic and stupefacient.
Do not trust anyone who comes on emotional.
What are the emotions? In a book entitled Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality, written when I was a psychologist, I presented classifications of emotions and detailed descriptions of their moderate and extreme manifestations. Emotions are all based on fear. [... ]
The emotional person cannot think; he cannot perform any effective game action (except in acts of physical aggression and strength). The emotional person is turned off sensually. His body is a churning robot. [... ]
The only state in which we can learn, harmonize, grow, merge, join, understand is the absence of emotion. This is called bliss or ecstasy, attained through centering the emotions. [... ]
Conscious love is not an emotion; it is serene merging with yourself, with other people, with other forms of energy. Love cannot exist in an emotional state. [... ]
The great kick of the mystic experience, the exultant, ecstatic hit, is the sudden relief from emotional pressure.
Did you imagine that there could be emotions in heaven? Emotions are closely tied to ego games. Check your emotions at the door to paradise.“
— Timothy Leary, The Politics of Ecstasy

domain: psychology


text:
Lectins are a class of proteins responsible for several biological roles such as cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways, and several innate immune responses against pathogens. Since lectins are able to bind to carbohydrates, they can be a viable target for targeted drug delivery systems. In fact, several lectins were approved by Food and Drug Administration for that purpose. Information about specific carbohydrate recognition by lectin receptors was gathered herein, plus the specific organs where those lectins can be found within the human body.
- Biological applications
- Carbohydrate specific recognition
- Human lectins
- Protein expression
- Targeted drug delivery systems

domain: biology


text:
Friends of the Library
The mission of Friends of the Library is to promote reading at Prestonwood Christian Academy and, through a strong and supportive base of volunteers, work together to carry out projects and functions that enrich the libraries. It is our prayer that our parents, grandparents, alumni and friends of PCA support Friends of the Library through their prayers, gifts and service.
The Friends of the Library hosts various fundraisers, to include a Valentine Flower Sale and Scholastic Book Fairs each year, whose proceeds are used to purchase necessary items for the libraries at Prestonwood Christian Academy. In addition, volunteers from the Friends of the Library play a vital role in assisting the libraries to develop programming needs.
You may request more information about Friends of the Library from Lindsey Klink, FOL President. You may also contact the librarians at their prospective campuses.

domain: library


text:
The Pennsylvania gambling company that spent more than $40 million to prevent a massive gambling expansion in Maryland plans to bid on the Prince George’s County casino license that was part of that expansion.
In a federal filing last week, Penn National Gaming Inc. indicated it would turn in a bid this week — but didn’t sound optimistic about its chances.
“Though we intend to participate in the bidding process, we believe another operator could be selected,” Penn National said in its quarterly report to the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Penn National has previously said it would like to build a casino at Rosecroft Raceway, a horse racing track it owns in Fort Washington.
MGM Resorts International Inc. made plans last summer to bid on the license, too, offering to build a resort casino at National Harbor in Oxon Hill. MGM — favored by Prince George’s County Executive Rushern L. Baker III and other powerful elected officials — is widely expected to win the license.
Despite the SEC filing Friday, a Penn National spokeswoman declined to discuss the company’s expected bid, saying that no information on the decision would be available until the May 10 application deadline.

domain: economics


text:
Engineers and hydrologists engaged on flood‐problems throughout much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains must deal to a considerable extent with wide‐spread storms covering thousands of square miles. The gradations of meteorologic conditions as regard both area and time are relatively homogeneous during such storm‐events and are affected but moderately by orographical influences. Under such conditions similar storm‐characteristics prevail over vast areas. True, precipitation decreases toward the boundaries of such major storm‐areas, and locally precipitation‐rates may greatly exceed the average. Often, however, drainage‐basin after drainage‐basin will yield comparable depths of flood‐runoff. The storms of March, 1936, which resulted in the simultaneous occurrence of floods throughout all of the northeastern part of the United States from Ohio and Virginia to Maine and the storm of January, 1937, which embraced all of the 200,000 square miles comprising the Ohio River drainage are typical of major Eastern disturbances. The storm of December, 1937, in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys is used herein to illustrate what may be called a typical major California disturbance, and it is this storm and resulting flood that I wish to consider in some detail and also to make such comparisons and contrasts with Eastern floods as seem to be of general interest.
Additional publication details
|Publication Subtype||Journal Article|
|Title||Factors influencing runoff during the flood of December, 1937, in northern California|
|Series title||Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union|
|Publisher||American Geophysical Union|
|Google Analytic Metrics||Metrics page|

domain: geography


text:
I posted this photo of DJ Roxy Cottontail rocking her BLUE tribute manicure by Naomi Yasuda onto NailPorn via photographer Ian Reid awhile ago and now I strongly feel like it’s time to pull from the archives again. There have been one too many sources reporting inaccurate information. So LET’S GET TO THE POINT AGAIN! Those are not Beyonce’s hands. Why do these types of assumptions get tossed into the web? No research, no love. Revoke your nail card now!
I never got a chance to interview Naomi Yasuda like I have wanted to but M.I.S.S. did and so I just had to share it.
By Em C
Japanese nail artist Naomi Yasuda moved to New York City in 2007, bringing her detailed designs and inspired art to a new market with nails as her permanent canvas. She has quickly worked up the ladder of success; along with being featured in magazines and music videos, her resume includes working with Lady Gaga and Chanel. Check out her designs and where she looks to for inspiration in our interview!
1. What woman, besides your mom or grandmother, do you find inspirational?
My friends and clients. I get to really know them and admire all that things they accomplish.
2. When did you first fall in love with nail art?
I’ve been doing nails about for 10 years professionally. I remember I used to paint my nails with a marker when I was 8 or 9 years old.
3. How did you get your start as nail artist?
I always liked painting my own nails. Then I started doing my friends’ and sisters’ nails. Soon after I realized I was really good at it.
4. What’s your favorite manicure that you’ve created?
I got to be creative when I worked with Barney’s for Lady Gaga’s workshop and loved the wild nails that I created.
5. You’ve had clients ranging from Lady Gaga to Chanel. How is it working with prestigious brands and celebrities? How did you start working with them?
It’s really great working with big clients. Because it really showcase my work. It’s just an honor for me to get to work with them.
6. Who is your dream client?
A lot of my dreams came true when I worked with creative people such as Madonna, Chanel, Alicia Keys, David LaChapelle and many others. It is so wonderful to combine my ideas and their personal style.
7. Where do you find inspiration for your designs?
Everywhere. Fashion, Art, Music, people.
8. Nail art is going through many technological developments like shatter and magnetic polish. Do you have any new favorite techniques?
In America techniques seem old fashioned to me compared to Japan. I really like to use UV gel instead of damaging products such as acrylic and wraps. There is no reason why people can not have healthy and creative nails.
9. What part of nail art is the most challenging and do you dislike the most?
It’s challenging to do a simple manicure because I usually prefer to do elaborate work. Sometimes classic is the way to go. Dislike – removing acrylic nails. lol
10. Any advice for ladies who are just starting out in a career path similar to yours?
Follow your dreams, anything is possible. You just have to do it! As with anything, practice makes perfect!

domain: artistic


I have a 2001 KW T800 Aero sleeper.
It has an under the frame, single exhaust, with a frame mounted bracket/post behind the sleeper for the muffler on the passenger side,
I need to replace everything from the turbo back.
I would like to have dual exhaust behind the sleeper just like current single. I have another factory bracket/post for the other side.
However. I don't know the best way to get the exhaust to the drivers side because of the long air tanks that are on the drivers side.
Has anyone done this mod?
I am guessing I need to start with the air tanks relocation, and just start buying pieces to make it fit.
Any suggestions would be appreciated.
Also, I was going to fit a to box or cut down a headache rack to fit between the exhaust brackets /post.


WASHINGTON — In a normal legislative battle, there comes a point when advocates have to stop letting the perfect be the enemy of the good. When it comes to gun control, the calculus is different: You have to stop letting the adequate be the enemy of the incremental but significant.
That maddening fact is why the recent uproar over assault weapons is so dangerously misplaced. I'm all for limiting access to assault weapons, although the impact would be more symbolic than practical.
But reinstating the ban was never in the cards. The best that could be realistically hoped for was a Senate floor vote on an assault weapons amendment — a vote doomed to fail.
So pounding Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid for announcing that assault weapons would not be part of the proposal he brings to the Senate floor has the situation completely backward.
If Reid had included assault weapons, it would have doomed the larger effort, in particular the chance of expanding background checks for gun buyers. Requiring background checks for nearly all gun purchases is a change that is simultaneously more effective than banning assault weapons and more politically achievable.
Which is why the real worry of gun control advocates shouldn't be Reid's supposed perfidy in jettisoning assault weapons — it's whether the background check measure passed by the Senate Judiciary Committee is too strong even to make it to the Senate floor.
The behind-the-scenes Senate negotiating over background checks is being conducted by Democrats Charles Schumer and Joe Manchin and Republican Tom Coburn. They largely agree that the requirement for background checks should be expanded to cover most private sales — at gun shows, over the Internet, in other, nonfamily transactions. This would close a gaping loophole in the existing system.
The National Rifle Association argues that such checks won't deter felons and other ineligible purchasers determined to acquire guns. But the numbers belie that contention: More than 2 million would-be purchasers have been denied since the system was launched in 1994.
The real holdup in the negotiation over expanded background checks involves record keeping — specifically, whether private sellers should be subjected to the same requirement as licensed firearms dealers.
Continue reading this story on the...


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www1221;4793215 said:obviously wrong. This is the best song of the last 100 years!
SheSaidSheSaid;4793211 said:...Love Will Tear Us Apart by Joy Division?That's according to British music magazine NME.SRSLY? I mean....really?
Cipher_Peon;4793337 said:Meh.It's not that special in the first VDay pack (my 2nd favorite pack of all time).It's all subjective, though. But I would have preferred they said their favorite and not best.
ThatAuthoringGroup;4793344 said:Yeah....Lolopinions and what not but still...over Queen, The Beatles, Floyd, Led Zep, Sabbath, and hundreds of others that I'm not going to list they pick THIS?Not that this is a bad song, because it's not...but the best ever?NUH. UH.
Gowienczyk;4793347 said:Last time I checked NME was geared towards alternative rock and radio alternative in their current writers, so honestly this shouldn't be a surprise. Joy Division is alternative rock and punk royalty.1+1=2
www1221;4793349 said:just because theres a method to their madness doesnt make this song the best song ever.
Numskull;4793369 said:Laugh all you want, but this was actually the first time I had seen or heard this. Previously, I had only heard of it.I lasted 43 seconds.
dragoninforcer;4793376 said:Cmon guys, we all know this is the greatest song of the last 60 years.
Dangimarocker;4793397 said:Friday is the worse song in the world.
Dangimarocker;4793410 said:Well WWW, a Rebecca Black album is in the works!
FlyGuyLXI;4793359 said:Joy Division bores me.


Last week, Rick blogged about the recent passage of an amendment to Oklahoma’s state constitution which “would prevent Oklahoma courts from considering ‘the legal precepts of . . . international law or Sharia Law.'” In brief, Rick dismissed the amendment as unconstitutional and impractical, and I agree.
However, one commentor wrote that “Sharia is unconstitutional” and gave examples of “beheading apostates and homosexuals and stoning adulterers to death,” examples which would be of grave concern were they actually plausible. Obviously, as a human rights organization, EarthRights International is opposed to beheadings and stonings, and I thought I should clarify what is and isn’t at stake here, as there are a great many misconceptions about what the Oklahoma provision actually does, what Sharia is, and how Sharia might be used, without controversy, by courts in the United States.
First, as Rick noted, the Oklahoma provision applies to all foreign and international law. This paints with a much broader brush than simply targeting Sharia law, and excluding international law (which is often binding on states) is clearly problematic.
Second is the question of what Sharia is. Incredibly, the Oklahoma provision does not define it; although the ballot question states that Sharia is “Islamic law,” based on “the Koran and the teaching of Mohammed”–which is vague enough already–the actual constitutional amendment does not define it at all. While Sharia is generally accepted to be derived from the teachings of Mohammed, scholars do not agree on its content, and Sharia as applied by different Islamic states is not uniform.
More importantly, however, Sharia goes far beyond beheadings and stonings; Sharia is a complete system of laws, including family law, contract law, estate law, etc. In some countries, Sharia is the primary form of law applied; most countries with a significant Muslim population apply a mixture of secular law and Sharia, including the U.S.-backed governments in Iraq and Afghanistan. A country might reject traditional Sharia criminal punishments, for example, while adopting Sharia contract law. This is not much different from the United States, where we adopt elements derived from some interpretations of Christian religious traditions as part of our law (Sunday closing laws, official holidays for religious occasions, abortion restrictions, gay marriage bans, etc.).
Third, it is absolutely correct that beheadings and stonings would be unconstitutional in the United States, but this does not justify an outright ban of Sharia and wholly ignores the ways in which Sharia might be, or is, actually used in U.S. courts. Many opponents of the Oklahoma provision suggested that Sharia would never be applied in Oklahoma courts anyway, and so the law was simply a useless effort at religious discrimination. That’s not entirely correct. When cases in U.S. courts involve situations in foreign countries, courts often apply foreign law to the dispute, performing a “choice of law” analysis to see which law is most appropriate. Suppose that two Sudanese refugees now live in Oklahoma. One sues the other over a contract that they agreed to while living in Sudan. Ordinarily, the Oklahoma court would probably apply Sudanese law–which is based on Sharia–to decide the case, unless that law were offensive to the public policy of Oklahoma.
There’s no chance that a U.S. court would ever apply a Sharia criminal punishment, or any element of Sharia law that went against U.S. public policy, but ordinary elements of contract law, for example, could be applied when the dispute arises in an Islamic country. In fact, ERI has cited Sharia law; in our amicus brief in Presbyterian Church of Sudan v. Talisman Energy, which involved human rights abuses in Sudan, we cited Sudanese law for its principles of agency liability (which are quite similar to U.S. law).
So no one is suggesting that a U.S. court would ever condone the criminal punishments of the most retrograde interpretations of Sharia. What U.S. courts might do is apply foreign law, including aspects of Sharia law, to a case involving foreign parties or arising in a foreign country.


text:
Feature request from craigcarnell, posted on GitHub Oct 15, 2015
It would be useful to add an option to pay for a product by instalments.
For example, you could pay for a product at £200 over 4 months at £50 a month. A cron script would have to run to take those payments.
As we are a EE customer I wouldn't be against this being a EE feature.

domain: finance


text:
Crete Public Library staff provide a regular newsletter to keep patrons up to date about the library’s current activities and resources. Find out what’s happening at the library. Click below for the most recent issues or contact staff to sign up for an e-mail copy.
|July 2020||May 2020|
|March 2019||February 2019|


text:
1Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram Arts and Science College, Parbhani – 431401, Maharashtra, India
2Department of Microbiology, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai – 431517, Maharashtra, India
Article Publishing History
Accepted After Revision: 25/06/2016
Fusarium wilt is one of the drastic diseases of Bt-cotton caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum. In order to find effective measure to control this phytopathogen, 114 rhizospheric isolates were screened for in vitro antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum using dual culture method. Out of 114 isolates tested, 13 rhizospheric isolates inhibited growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in vitro. Highest antifungal activity was shown by isolate RLS19 (68.89 %) and followed by RLS52 (62.22 %), RLS53 (60.00%), RLS72 (57.78 %), and RLS101 (57.78 %) in dual culture technique against phytopathogen. Characterization of microbial control mechanism, rhizospheric isolates was evaluated by testing the production of volatile metabolites, diffusible metabolites and siderophore production. Rhizospheric isolates was isolate RLS101 inhibit 50 % of growth followed by RLS 52 (20 %) and RLS79 (10 %) by producing volatile metabolites against phytopathogen others were unable produce volatile metabolites. Diffusible metabolites was produced by rhizospheric isolates RLS19, RLS52 and RLS18 which inhibits maximum growth phytopathogen 57.50 %, 55.00 % and 52.50 % respectively. Qualitative siderophore production was detected by modified CAS agar assay method, 8 rhizospheric isolates were able to produce siderophore and highest activity was shown by RLS18, RLS53 and RLS58.
Bt-Cotton, Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Vasinfectum, Volatile Metabolites, Diffusible Metabolites, Siderophore
Raut L. S, Hamde V. S. in Vitro Antifungal Potential of Rhizospheric Isolates Against Fusarium Oxysporum Causing Fusarium Wilt Of Bt-Cotton. Biosc.Biotech.Res.Comm. 2016;9(2).
Bt- cotton is one of the most important cash crops cultivated in India. In north zone of India, Maharashtra is state first rank in cultivation area but trails on third rank for production (current cotton scenario, CCI-2013-14) due to different environmental factors and attack of pests. Fusarium wilt is one of major destructive and yield reducing diseases of Bt-cotton caused by the fungal phytopathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Atkinson, 1892). All growth stages of Bt-cotton are susceptible to Fusarium wilt disease and widespread in most cotton-growing countries of the world. This disease was first reported in India (Kulkarni, 1934) and spread through infected soil and seed (Bennett et al., 2008).
Present control strategies to control the Fusarium wilt disease is by using chemical pesticides. Chemical control measures create imbalances in the microbial community, which may be unfavorable to the activity of beneficial organisms and could lead to the development of resistant strains of pathogen and pollution of environment.Since, Fusarium wilt is increasingly destructive in cotton production, and to avoid the hazardous effect of chemicals new ways of alternative controlling the diseases need to be searched. The production of siderophores in rhizosphere fungi was higher than those isolated from the contaminated soil. Siderophore production by Fungal M10 strain was studied using CAS blue agar and the iron(III)-chelating compounds, excreted by the microorganism and diffused through the medium producing a colour change from blue to orange. Microbial siderophores production increases virulence power of microorganisms and serve as good biocontrol agents, (Talebi
et al., 2011, Hussein and Joo, 2012, Vinale et al., 2013 and Balado et al. 2015).
Microbiological control of plant pathogen by rhizospheric microorganisms offers an attractive alternative over chemical control. There are evidences that microorganism can be served as good microbial control candidate to suppress the diseases. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency registered eight species of microorganisms for commercial use against soil borne plant pathogens in the United States (Cook et al., 1996). Researchers from different region reported microorganisms as biocontrol agents such as Pseudomonas sp. (Chernin et al., 2011 Sandheep et al., 2012; ), Bacillus sp. (Saha et al., 2012; Lamsal et al., 2012), Trichoderma sp. ( Ahith and Lakshmidevi, 2010; Otadoh et al., 2011; Sandheep et al., 2012) Serratia sp (Chernin et al., 2011) etc. Several researchers working on biological control of Fusarium wilt of different crops but there is less literature available on microbiological control of Fusarium wilt of Bt- cotton. Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Cotton was studied by using endophytic bacteria (Chen et al. 1995), Trichoderma sp (Sivan and Chet, 2008 and Mali and Ramaiah., 2015).
Soil serves as excellent culture medium for all types of microorganisms due to the abundant availability of nutrient and favorable environmental condition. Rhizosphere of plants has been frequently exploited as brilliant source for searching microbial control agents. It has been suggested that microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of a particular crop may be better adapted to that crops rhizospheric environment and may provide better control of diseases than the other plant rhizosphere species (Cook, 1993). The present study was aimed to i) Isolation of phytopathogen responsible for causing Fusarium wilt of Bt-cotton, ii) isolation of rhizospheric isolates from healthy Bt-cotton plant iii) in vitro screening of rhizospheric isolates for antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt pathogen and (iii) characterization of in vitro microbial control mechanism of efficient rhizospheric isolates by testing for production of volatile metabolites, diffusible metabolites and siderophore.
Material And Methods
Isolation Of Phytopathogen
Fusarium wilt infected Bt- cotton plants were collected from different fields of Beed, Hingoli and Vasantrao Naik Agricultural University, Parbhani district in sterile polyethylene bags and brought to research laboratory, Department microbiology Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai. Infected stems and branches of Bt-cotton were washed with sterile water thoroughly. The infected stem tissues were cut into small pieces (2–5 mm size) and by using flame-sterilized forceps; they were transferred to sterile Petri plates containing 0.1 % mercuric chloride solution for 30-60 s. These surface sterilized pieces of stem tissues are again transferred to another sterile Petri plates containing sterile distilled water to remove the disinfectant solution with 2-3 changes of sterile water. The outer layer of tissues were removed rapidly with sterile surgical blade and small pieces from the central core of tissues in the advancing margin of infection are cut and aseptically transferred to Petri plates containing Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Petri plates are incubated at room temperature for 6 days (Narayanasamy, 2011). Isolated pure culture of phytopathogen was maintained on PDA and Kings- B agar plate and also on slant for further use.
Isolation Of Rhizospheric Bacteria
Rhizospheric soil samples from healthy Bt- cotton growing fields of different districts of Marathwada region (Beed, Latur, Osmanabad, Aurangabad, Jalna, Nanded, Hingoli and Parbhani) were collected in sterile polyethylene bags and brought to research laboratory. 1g of each rhizospheric soil sample was mixed with 100 ml sterile distilled water and shaken well for 2 min, and then the content of flask was allowed to settle. Different dilutions 10-1, to10-6 of these samples were prepared by serial dilution technique. Highest dilution 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 dilutions used for plating propose. 0.5 ml selected dilutions was plated by using pour plate technique. All the plates were incubated at room temperature for 24-48 h.
In Vitro Screening For Microbial Control Agent
114 rhizobacteria isolates were screened for antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum by using dual culture technique on King B agar plates (Gull and Hafeez, 2012). 5 mm diameter mycelial disc was punched from margin of actively growing mycelium and placed at the center of 9 cm Petri plate and rhizobacterial isolates were inoculated 3 cm apart from the center. Three rhizospheric isolates were placed in a plate along with phytopathogen at the center. Control plate was kept without inoculation of rhizobacteria isolates and the all the plates were incubated at 28 0C for 6 days. The antifungal activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum.
Mechanism Of Microbial Control Agent
To characterize the mechanism of microbial control agent, the efficient rhizospheric isolates were tested for the production of volatile metabolites, diffusible metabolites and siderophore.
Detection Of Volatile Metabolites
Volatile metabolites detection of efficient rhizospheric isolates was done by using double plate method (Dennis and Webster, 1971). The kings-B agar plate inoculated with a 5 mm mycelial disc of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and rhizospheric isolate at the center of 90 mm Petri plate separately. Both the inoculated plates were placed facing each other and sealed with cellophane adhesive tape. Control was kept without inoculation of rhizospheric isolate. Procedure repeated for each efficient rhizospheric isolates in triplicates. All the plates were incubated at 28 0C for 6 days. The production of volatile metabolites was then determined by inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum and percentage of radial growth inhibition was calculated by using the formula (Whipps, 1987).
Where, R1 is radial growth of the pathogen alone (a control value) and R2 is radial growth pathogen in the direction of the antagonist pathogen + antagonist (an inhibition value).
Detection Of Diffusible Metabolites
Diffusible antifungal metabolites were detected by well diffusion assay (Schlumbaum et al., 1986). Rhizobacterial isolates showing antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum during screening were grown in King B broth at room temperature on rotary shaker at 150 rpm for 48 h to obtain cell free culture filtrate. Kings B agar plates were prepared and after solidification with the help of sterile cork borer three wells 3cm apart from the center 90 mm diameter were punched on a plate. These wells were labeled according to the rhizobacteria isolates cell free culture filtrate to be loaded. 5 mm plugs from leading edge of 3 day old culture Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum were punched and kept at the center of the plate. Different rhizobacterial isolate broths were filtered by using Millipore syringe filter 0.22 µ (Hi-media) to prepare filtrate for diffusible metabolites. Each well was loaded with 100 µl cell free culture filtrate aseptically. Control was kept without inoculation of rhizobacterial cell free culture filtrate. All the plates were incubated at 28 0C for 6 days. Plates were observed for zone of inhibition. Percentage of radial growth inhibition of pathogen was calculated by using the formula, (Whipps, 1987).
Qualitative Detection Of Siderophore
Siderophore production was determined by using modified Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay (Milagres et al., 1999). Initially all the glassware’s are rinsed with distilled water and dried. 60.5 mg of CAS was weighed accurately and dissolved in 50 ml of distilled water and to this add 10 ml of iron solution (1 mM FeCl3.6H2O, in 10 mM HCl). 72.9 mg of Hexa decyl tri methyl-ammonium bromide (HDTMA) dissolved in 40 ml distilled water. CAS and Iron solution mixture was slowly added to 40 ml HDTMA with constant stirring to obtain dark blue colour. Basal Medium containing 30.24 g Pipes, and 12 g of a 50 % (w/w) NaOH to rise the pH to the pKa of Pipes (6.8) and 15 g Agar in 750 ml distilled water. All the contents are separately sterilized by autoclaving at 121 0C for 15 min. After cooling to 50 0C to basal medium 750 ml add 100 ml CAS-Fe-HDTMA mixture along the glass wall and agitated with enough care to avoid foaming. Petri dishes (9.0 cm in diameter) were prepared with 30 ml of Nutrient agar medium for culturing rhizospheric isolates. After solidification, the medium was cut into halves, one of which was replaced by CAS blue agar (15 ml) and allowed to solidify. The halves containing culture medium was inoculated with 24 h old rhizospheric isolate near the borderline of the two medium. The same procedure was repeated for each rhizospheric isolate. Un-inoculated CAS agar plate serves as control. All plates were incubated at room temperature for 5 days and changed CAS agar colour from blue to orange or purple or dark purplish- red indicates the siderophore production.
Results And Discussion
Isolation Of Phytopathogen
Fusarium wilt phytopathogen was isolated from infected Bt-cotton plant. The phytopathogen produced whitish mycelial growth on inoculated PDA plates and growth of fungal mycelium was transferred on fresh PDA and purified (Fig.1). Based on macro and microscopic observations of mycelial growth showed boat-shaped macroconidia, with slightly tapering apical cells and hooked basal cells 4-celled, microconidia ellipsoidal, 1-celled and chlamydospores are globose, usually solitary, phytopathogen was identified as species Fusarium oxysporum (Watanabe, 2010; Gull and Hafeez, 2012). The phytopathogen was transferred on fresh PDA and Kings B agar plates and also on maintained on slants for further use.
Isolation Of Rhizospheric Bacteria
114 rhizobacterial isolates from different Bt-cotton fields were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples by serial dilution technique using pour plate method . Isolates were selected on the basis of distinctive morphology, size, shape and colour of the bacterial colony and location of the sample. All the isolates were tentatively labeled as RLS01 to RLS114 and maintained on nutrient agar slants with periodic transfer to fresh medium for future applications.
In Vitro Screening For Microbial Control Agent
All the114 rhizospheric isolates were screened for in vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum by dual culture technique Gull and Hafeez, 2012). Out of 114, 13 rhizobacterial isolates inhibited mycelial growth in dual culture. These isolates showed significant differences in mycelial growth inhibition. Radial growth of phytopathogen in test and control was measured and recorded (Table 1 and Fig 2). Rhizospheric isolates showed significant inhibition RLS19 (68.89 %), RLS52 (62.22 %), RLS53 (60.00 %), RLS72 (57.78 %) and RLS101 (57.78 %) of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in dual culture technique. The highest antifungal activity was shown by rhizospheric isolate RLS19 (68.89 %) and followed by RLS52 (62.22 %), RLS53 (60.00 %).
|Figure 2: In vitro screening of antifungal activity of rhizospheric isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (a) Control (b) RLS19 (c) RLS107 (d) RLS58 (e) RLS72 (f) RLS53 and (g) RLS52|
|Table 1: In vitro screening of antifungal activity of rhizospheric isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum|
|Sr. No.||Rhizospheric isolate||Growth towards antagonist in mm (R2)||Growth of control in mm (R1)||% of inhibition|
Similar results were also recorded by other investigators, rhizospheric Pseudomonas isolate, isolated from rhizospheric soil of tomato evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici by dual culture technique and maximum zone inhibition was 22 mm (Asha et al., 2011). Rhizospheric isolates, Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. were evaluated for biocontrol potential against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris by dual culture technique, where Bacillus subtilis B28 showed 51.16 % inhibition (Karimi et al., 2012). Endophytic bacteria were antagonistic against F. oxysporum, isolates EB1 and EB2 inhibits radial growth 42.60 % and 41.00 % respectively in dual culture test (Edward et al., 2013).Soil isolates SC09-21, SGO9-01, SR04-02 and SR04-16 inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici in vitro by dual culture technique. Isolate SC09-21 showed 12.2 mm and SGO9-01, R04-02 and SR04-16 less than 10 mm zone of inhibition due to antibiosis (Xu and Kim, 2014). Trichoderma harzianum significantly reduce the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, a wilt pathogen of chickpea ranging from 20.11% to 65.78% (Srivastava et al., 2015).
|Table 2: Production of diffusible antifungal metabolites by rhizospheric isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum|
|Sr. No.||Rhizospheric isolates||Growth towards antagonist in mm (R2)||Growth of control in mm (R1)||% of inhibition|
When results of previous researchers (Xu and Kim, 2014; Asha et al., 2011; Karimi et al., 2012; Edward et al., 2013; Xu and Kim, 2014; Srivastava et al., 2015) compared to our findings, our finding found better than the others, where rhizospheric isolates RLS19 (68.89 %), RLS52 (62.22 %), RLS53 (60.00%) RLS72 (57.78 %), and RLS101 (57.78 %) found better in inhibiting the Fusarium sp. Based on screening results in dual culture technique, eight isolates namely (RLS18, RLS19, RLS52, RLS53, RLS58, RLS72, RLS76 and RLS102) with good inhibition activities of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum were selected for further study.
|Table 3: Siderophore production of rhizospheric isolates by modified CAS assay|
|Sr. No.||Rhizospheric isolate||Siderophore production|
|-= No siderophore production, += less siderophore production|
|+= less siderophore production ++=medium siderophore production +++= high siderophore production|
Mechanism Of Microbial Control Agent
While finding the mechanism of the microbial control agent, the rhizospheric isolates were tested for the production of volatile metabolite, diffusible metabolite and siderophore production.
Detection Of Volatile Metabolites
After 6 days incubation it was observed that three rhizospheric isolates were able to produce volatile metabolites and inhibit the radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). Highest Inhibition of phytopathogen by producing volatile metabolites was shown by rhizospheric isolate RLS101 (50 %) followed by RLS52 (20 %) and RLS79 (10 %). Other isolates were unable produce volatile metabolites and there was no inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum growth.Previous researcher found that Pseudomonas aueroginosa P12 isolate inhibits 26.30 % radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris by producing volatile metabolites (Karimi et al., 2012). This finding suggests that volatile metabolite production by rhizospheric isolates is one of the mechanism by which phytopathogen can be controlled. Here in present study, rhizospheric isolate RLS101 found better in controlling Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum by producing volatile metabolites than Pseudomonas aueroginosa P12 (Karimi et al., 2012).
|Figure 3: Detection of volatile metabolite production of rhizospheric isolate RLS102 against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (a) Control (b) Test|
|Figure 4: Production of volatile antifungal metabolites of rhizospheric isolates against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum|
Detection Of Diffusible Metabolites
Diffusible antifungal metabolites were studied by well diffusion assay (Schlumbaum et al., 1986). Eight efficient rhizospheric isolates tested showed inhibitory effect on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum by producing diffusible metabolites (Fig. 5 and Table 2). Rhizospheric isolate RLS19 (57.50 %) showed highest inhibition of phytopathogen by producing diffusible metabolites followed by RLS52 (55.00 %) and RLS 18 (52.05 %). Bacillus subtilis B28 isolate also inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris (78.30 %) by producing diffusible metabolites (Karimi et al., 2012).
|Figure 5: Detection of diffusible metabolites production of rhizospheric isolate by agar well diffusion method against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (a) Control (b) RLS18 (c) RLS76 (d) RL19|
Qualitative Detection Of Siderophore
After 5 day incubation, eight isolates produced siderophore on modified CAS plate. Siderophore production was recorded in the form of grades (Fig.6 and Table 3). The highest siderophore production was recorded in the form of change in colour of the medium from blue to purple or orange (Fig. 6). Highest siderophore producing rhizospheric isolates were RLS18, RLS53 and RLS58. Siderophore production was recorded in the form of change in colour from blue to purple or orange (Milagres et al., 1999). CAS agar plate assay indicated that all the rhizobacterial isolates have siderophore production ability, RLS18, RLS53 and RLS58 found superior compared to other rhizospheric isolates. Similar result was reported by other researchers (Chaiharn et al., 2009). The qualitative production of siderophore by B. cereus with orange halos during the exponential growth and Sporulation phases by modified CAS plate assay (Lalloo et al., 2010).
|Figure 6: Siderophore production of rhizospheric isolates by modified CAS assay (a) Control (b) RLS18 (c) RLS58 (d) RLS53|
Production of siderophores by different fungal species isolated from heavy metal contaminated and uncontaminated soils was studied by using Chrome azurol sulfonate (CAS) was used for both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of siderophores production. The production of siderophores in rhizosphere fungi was higher than those isolated from the contaminated soil (Hussein and Joo, 2012). Siderophore production by Fungal M10 strain was studied using CAS blue agar and the iron(III)-chelating compounds, excreted by the microorganism and diffused through the medium producing a colour change from blue to orange (Vinale et al., 2013). Microbial Siderophores production increases virulence power of microorganisms and serve as good biocontrol agents (Balado et al. 2015).
Our results suggest that the rhizospheric isolate RLS19, RLS52 RLS53 and RLS72 inhibits the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum by producing volatile metabolites diffusible metabolites and siderophore. The cumulative effect of these secondary metabolites resulted in inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen causing Fusarium wilt of Bt-cotton and serves as good alternative for chemical control. These four isolate will be serve as excellent microbial control agents against Fusarium wilt disease of Bt-cotton and needs to evaluate in field condition.
The authors wish to thank Dr. B. R. Chavan Principal, Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai for providing facilities to conduct the research.
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domain: agronomy


WRc is working with five of the UK’s largest water companies to help facilitate the deployment of low-cost flowmeters in the water distribution network. This could yield significant benefits for leakage investigations and hydraulic model calibration at District Metering Area (DMA) or sub-DMA levels. Through or full bore hydrants, which offer easy access into the main, could facilitate this if an appropriate flowmeter was available.
Andy Godley, Senior Consultant at WRc comments “This application presents several technical challenges. A target specification has been produced and we are trying to identify equipment manufacturers or suppliers who are willing to help us to develop a solution.”
If you are able help WRc with this solution, please contact Andy Godley at firstname.lastname@example.org or on 01793 865060.


Here, I will show you 5 demonstrated techniques to fix this blunder code . Sometimes, other email applications might interfere with the proper working of Outlook and result in error. You can uninstall the outlook app before updating the application then your files are safe. Meaning of Error is that your outlook does not function accurately. If the user wants to send the email and see this error message, you will not send the email and not interact with your clients. It will be good to solve this error urgently.
See Find and transfer Outlook data files from one computer to another. Just a single Microsoft account ought to be opened on your gadget at a time. On the off chance that more than one record is connected, then, at that point, log them out.
Among all the problems, there are increasing problems with . If you have never cleared temp files like LocalAppData and AppData of Outlook then its most probable those the unwanted temp files from you RAM which caused . Just follow the steps mentioned below and you will remove all of the unwanted files from your desktop.
First, you need to ensure that the parameters through you entered are correct by the hand of the secure connection. We have discussed about SCANPST in out previous application. It is the application made by Microsoft to fix different types of Outlook error as many users reported Microsoft team with the problems. You can use this tool to solve the error in your Outlook. If it is not compatible then uninstall the Outlook and install the compatible version of Outlook.
Email, he said, is an inherently insecure mechanism to transmit and receive restricted and sensitive data, including PII. The ISO is particularly concerned about online forms and web apps that collect PII and other confidential information through user submissions, and send that data by email. This method is called being “sent in the clear” or “clear text.” In other words, anyone between the online form or web app server and the receiving inbox can read the message.


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Biosphere Mod is a great world generation mod designed to generate original worlds filled with large glass spheres called Biospheres. Each sphere contains a different biome, with its ores and blocks. Ores and minerals can be found underground and in the ore spheres outside the main domes. The mods directory will now be located in the same directory as Minecraft jar, unless the default game directory is changed, where it will act as it had on older versions.
After installing the Biosphere Mod, you can start a biosphere world select World Type: Biospheres in the world options when creating a new world. There is a random chance of a lake being placed in the center of each sphere. Usually water, but rarely lava. Bordering this lake, you will find sand for water or gravel for lava. All spheres are connected with wooden bridges with a fence rail. Beside each biosphere, there is a smaller sphere, which is where you will find diamond and lapis lazuli.
How to Install Biosphere Mod
- Ensure you have already downloaded and installed the Minecraft Forge mod loader.
- Download the mod on this web page.
- Find the Minecraft directory folder (.minecraft).
- Place the mod file you downloaded; you will have only drop (.jar file) into the Mods folder.
- While you launch Minecraft and click on the mods button, you need to see now the mod is put in.


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CLEVELAND, Ohio — Cuyahoga County’s nationally admired arts and cultural sector is taking a big financial hit from the coronavirus pandemic that could cause permanent damage and put some organizations out of business.
Those possibilities are suggested by data gathered by Cuyahoga Arts and Culture, (CAC), the public agency that distributes county cigarette tax money for the arts.
The data show that from March to June, the first quarter in which the pandemic took hold, the 65 recipients of CAC operating support had to lay off, furlough or reduce hours for 2,533 full- and part-time employees and contractors.
That number equates to 30 percent of the 8,250 workers employed by the 65 organizations in 2019.
“What we’re experiencing in Cleveland and the Northeast Ohio arts community is painful,” said Jill Paulsen, CAC’s executive director.
Asked whether some organizations would die, Paulsen said, “I think it’s inevitable. The landscape’s going to change.”
It’s too soon to say which groups are closest to the edge, but Paulsen said cultural organizations that most dependent on ticket sales from performances are most vulnerable.
The Cleveland Museum of Art and the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame have reopened, but are operating with restrictions on attendance and events designed to prevent the spread of the virus.
CAC tallied numbers about the financial impact of the pandemic from the museum, the Rock Hall and other big organizations, including the Cleveland Orchestra, plus smaller groups such as Apollo’s Fire, the baroque music ensemble, BAYarts, and Chagrin Valley Little Theatre.
Income lost by workers as a result of the cuts between March and June totaled $8.1 million. CAC said the number can’t be compared precisely to income for the same period in 2019, but it would amount to nearly 16 percent of average quarterly salaries paid out by the 65 organizations in 2019.
Using the same math, the 65 organizations lost $32.5 million in earned revenue from March to June, or nearly 80 percent of the quarterly average for 2019. The organizations also lost contributed income of $9.1 million, or 21 percent of the quarterly average for 2019.
The numbers gathered by CAC offer the first overview of the damage to the local nonprofit arts sector.
Cuyahoga Arts and Culture distributes roughly $12 million a year from money gathered through the county’s 10-year, 30-cent-a-pack tax on cigarettes, approved by voters in 2006 and renewed in 2015.
The $20.4 million in general operating support granted to the 65 qualifying organizations for the two years of 2020 and 2021, or $10.2 million a year, represents the biggest chunk of that money.
During the 2008-09 recession, cigarette tax money helped keep vulnerable organizations afloat. This time around, it may be different, Paulsen said.
“With the 1/8 2008 3/8 recession it was a whole lot of less, over time,” she said. With the coronavirus pandemic, “it’s almost nothing for some organizations, and it’s immediate. It’s much more like a cliff for a lot of organizations.”
Canceled festivals and performances this summer included the Art Renaissance Tremont 2020 series, the Beachwood Arts Council music series, Ingenuity Festival, Wade Oval Wednesday, the Lake View Cemetery Summer Concert Series, BorderLight, and the Cleveland Orchestra Blossom season.
CAC has tried to blunt the impact of the pandemic by paying $5.2 million in operating support for the second half of 2020 to the 65 eligible organizations this summer, instead of scheduling payments as usual through the end of the year.
Paulsen said it was part of a strategy to help organizations maintain a “pilot light” so they could downsize temporarily, survive, and then resume normal activity in the future.
But Paulsen cited national studies, including one by McKinsey & Co., saying it could take the arts sector four to five years to recover from the financial trauma caused by the pandemic.
Cuyahoga County has been considered a national leader in local public funding for the arts because of the cigarette tax, with greater local support than cities such as Boston, Philadelphia and San Francisco.
Paulsen said that revenues from the tax have remained on par with 2019, which she called “a nice silver lining at this moment.”
With losses of more than $41 million recorded by the 65 general operating support recipients from March to June, annual operating grants totaling $10 million or so a year “becomes a drop in the bucket,” she said.
But she added:”We’re happy and lucky with what we have.”
©2020 The Plain Dealer, Cleveland
Visit The Plain Dealer, Cleveland at www.cleveland.com
Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.


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I remember when this blog had integrity…what’s happened here anyway?
Nah…I haven’t sold out – it’s just another day in the 17th century.
The 17th-century work of Thomas Dennis – and to some extent William Searle, but it’s a long story that I think might involve murder…has long been a huge inspiration to me.
[Oh…what did I mean, about murder? You see Searle was a trained joiner from Ottery St Mary, Devon, England, living in Ipswich Massachusetts in the early 1660s. Then, 1666 or so, he died. Thomas Dennis then moved from Portsmouth, New Hampshire to Ipswich, married Grace Searle, widow of William, and practiced joinery there until his death in 1706. There’s a group of maybe 4 or 5 pieces, all carved, that descended from Thomas Dennis – but were some of them his wife’s from her first marriage to Searle? When Searle died, his estate included the following:
“one bedsted & Cupboard £5 a trundle bedsted & a box & a little box £1 3 stooles & 3 little boxes —- one Chaire £1 one table & 3 Chaires & one Cradle £1-5 2 wicker basketts 4s one settle one meale trough & a Chest £2 one Cupboard £2-12 a box 5s Tooles & Timber & board, 2 pikes £3-19”
Furniture scholars have tried to divide the group into Searle’s work & Dennis’ work – and some that are probably apprentices of Thomas Dennis – and on & on. I gave up years ago. But I have often wanted to write a murder mystery involving Dennis & Searle, and the widow Grace Searle…]
I went to Bowdoin College Museum of Art http://www.bowdoin.edu/art-museum/ to see the pieces from the Dennis family, including the wainscot chair that is the inspiration for the one in my new video. There’s a segment in the video where we look at the original; and hear its story from the curator Laura Sprague. https://pfollansbee.wordpress.com/book-dvds/
On another trip up there, I got a brief look at the carved box with drawer (above) that is the basis for one I am making these days. I had known this box from publications ever since I began studying 17th-century stuff. but had never seen it in the flesh. First thing I noticed upon walking into the gallery – the lid is sycamore (you Brits, think “plane tree”). There are very few instances of this wood in surviving works from 17th-century New England. Maybe two others? One I know for sure is a cupboard at Winterthur Museum that uses sycamore boards for drawer bottoms – a horrible idea if, as in this case, they are flatsawn.
The lid of the Dennis family box is sawn very near the heart of the tree. In this shot, you can see splits running down the middle of the board. Mine are 3 quartersawn boards, edge glued together. I got the sycamore from the website http://www.curlymaplewood.com/ – the boards were just as described, arrived in just a couple of days, and all around a good experience. Thanks, Kevin. Now you know why the figured wood in the opening photo.
We’ll save the sliding DTs for another day…(quite a term, sliding DTs…)


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- Exploring Mykonos: Things To See and To Do - August 23, 2016
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The Vista Chinesa or the Chinese View – is one of the most impressive observation spots in Rio de Janeiro, located at the top of Tijuca Forest National Park.
I’ve seen panoramic views of Rio de Janeiro from several places, but none of them met so many sights in one angle as the Chinese View. This is one of the few unique perspectives where you can have all major sites: the Corcovado Mountain, the Christ Statue and the Sugar Loaf in one single photo.
The construction dates back to 1903 and has recently undergone a renovation. The structure is well maintained and the view is breathtaking.
There is a second overlook, 1 km above the Chinese View, called the Emperor’s Table. It isn’t as impressive as the previous one, because it offers only a partial view of the bay.
The story tells this was a resting place built for the imperial family in the 19th century. The emperor and his family rested there after frequent walks in the region and had tea/lunch over the stone table.
Today, there ain’t much left…
There are two waterfalls on the way uphill.
They’re located in the beginning of the trail.
How To Get There:
The best way is by taxi! 5 minutes are enough to take pictures and enjoy the view, ask the driver to wait, it’s worth every cent. From Leblon and Ipanema it will cost ~ BRL 50 or about USD 15 – depending on the waiting time at the overlook.
If you prefer to go walking or biking, access is by the Pacheco Leão Street, at Botanical Garden neighbourhood. It’s a 6 km steep climb.
I don’t advise travellers, especially women, to climb the trail alone. But if you decide to do so, just stay alert to your surroundings, carry your phone/camera in your bag/pocket and follow basic common sense.
Follow this tips and I’m sure you’ll have an incredible time in Rio.

domain: travel


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It seems like yesterday that the first-ever Rhode Island Comic Con took over the Rhode Island Convention Center and the Dunkin’ Donuts Center, now known as the Amica Mutual Pavilion, during the weekend after Halloween back in 2012. There was an instant buzz about it with cosplayers, comic book artists, celebrity guests and various vendors being part of a fun and vibrant atmosphere. 10 years later, the Rhode Island Comic Con has grown in both buzz and success to being one of the premier events to happen in The Ocean State and also in the entire New England region. This anniversary edition of the convention will be happening from November 4 - 6 at the same two places and it promises to be bigger and better than ever before. It also promises to be a memorable experience for any pop culture fan while providing an interactive lens to a variety of different aspects within a unique institution.
There’s going to be over 130 celebrity guests this time around and along with the cosplayers and comic book artists, there will also be a few social media celebrities and tattoo artists hanging out. Just like in previous years, there’s going to be a cosplay contest with prizes provided by Cardi’s Furniture & Mattresses and there will be plenty of opportunities to take photos with the celebrities and artists at their respective booths.
"Our staff has worked very hard to put this show together in preparation for our 10th Anniversary,” says Susan Soares, who is the Press Relations Manager for the Fall River, Massachusetts based organization Altered Reality Entertainment. “It is the biggest show we have ever produced and we are so excited for the fans to see everything and meet our amazing guests."
While it’s obviously difficult to whittle down all the guests, artists and cosplayers who will be at the Rhode Island Comic Con this year, there are a few who’ll be mentioned. Actress Alicia Silverstone from Clueless and Batman & Robin, actor Breckin Meyer who is also in Clueless along with Road Trip, Rat Race and Can’t Hardly Wait and actor Danny Trejo from Machete and Sons Of Anarchy will be there. Actor DJ Qualls from Breaking Bad, Scrubs, The New Guy and The Man In The High Castle, actors Doug E. Doug and Leon from Cool Runnings, actor Stephen Amell from Arrow and Heels, actor Jackie Earle Hayley from Watchmen and Bad News Bears, actor Vincent D’Onofrio from Law & Order, Daredevil and Full Metal Jacket and actress Elizabeth Shue from The Karate Kid and Back To The Future will also be there. Pro wrestling fans are going to be in for a treat with WWE, WCW and AEW superstars including Lita, Billy Gunn, Bret Hart, The Dudley Boyz and Maxwell Jacob Friedman being available for meet & greets. This seems like a lot, but this isn’t even half of all the celebrities who’ll be showing up over the weekend.
For comic book artists, Amanda Dufresne, Bob Hall, Bart Sears, Craig Rousseau, David Finch, Derek Riggs and Jae Lee will be showcasing and selling their work. Ian Chase Nichols, Jason Keith, Jeremy Clark, Joe St. Pierre and Rick Leonardi will be doing the same as well. Tattoo artists including Mark Draven, Kerwin Chong, Eric Z, Tori Robinson, Joseph Arrelin, Cale Turpin and Blaine will be part of the Ink Fusion Tattoo Empire that’ll be set up at the Rhode Island Convention Center’s Exhibit Hall. There won’t be an abundance of social media personalities, but Stevie Oaks, who is hilarious impersonator of Family Guy’s Peter Griffin, Gary The BBQ Chef, Tik Tok content creator Jacoby Ray and Kels Ferguson & Patrick Keefe from “The Grey Gentleman” will be present. There’s going to be a ton of vendors having snacks and refreshments available for purchase too, so show up thinking of getting something to eat and drink.
When the folks behind the Rhode Island Comic Con talk about this edition being the biggest one they’ve ever produced, they’re definitely not exaggerating. I personally like to go for the creative part of the convention to check out the stellar art that’s being shown while being wowed by the inventive costumes of the cosplayers. With this being said, there’s going to be a lot more to do at the convention than what I just mentioned and it’ll be worth the price of admission. For all the info, details and everything else, log on to ricomiccon.com. If this is your first time going, be prepared for an event unlike anything else you’ve ever attended.
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domain: entertainment


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Are civil servants ready for digital transformation?
The report Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation Competencies for Civil Servants underlines what civil servants need to learn to enable digital transformation to usher their countries and societies into the digital age
50 Mayors of UNESCO Creative Cities gather in Santos, Brazil to share creative social initiatives
Braga designated as the Host City of the XVI UNESCO Creative Cities Network Annual Conference in 2024
UNESCO Creative Cities focus on inclusion to build the cities of tomorrow
From 18 to 22 July 2022 the XIV Annual Conference of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network in Santos Brazil gathered 220 participants including 40 mayors from some 100 Creative Cities worldwide


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After the loss of the entirety of their coaching staff, East Girls Volleyball began its season with a clean slate. Their new young female coach Kylie Patton, has brought the team together with her new ideas and fun attitude.
With the last coaches all being male, Kendal Britton ‘23 thinks it’s easier to relate to a female coach.
“But overall each coach has their own style of coaching, so just adjusting to a different style is difficult,” Britton said.
Their new coach, Kylie Patton, a Senior at Aquinas College has taken the reins of the volleyball program. Patton left the sport of volleyball in college and is happy to join the team.
“I’m looking forward to really just being a part of volleyball again,” Patton said. “I’m hoping I can bring some fresh knowledge as volleyball is changing so much each year being younger I feel it’s beneficial to know newer drills and techniques to keep the girls ready to go for this year and college years!” Patton said.
Although the volleyball team hasn’t started conference games yet they’ve already played three tournaments. In the most recent tournament, The End of Summer Bash, they won the silver bracket.
Ella Taatjes ’25, a second-year starter, is very excited about the new environment.
“My favorite part of this team so far is that we all value each other’s successes and that we stay positive even if we aren’t playing well,” Taatjes said.
The team has many important games coming up, but one of their greater challenges is themselves.
“Right now our biggest competition within ourselves is getting to know each other and trust each other because it’s hard for some random new coach to come in and change what some girls have known for years,” Coach Patton said.
The girls are practicing hard and preparing themselves for the rest of the season. With the hope of making a run in the playoffs this year.

domain: news


Australia: The Land Where Time Began
The Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean formed when the gap between Antarctica and the southernmost margins of the southern continents opened as they began drifting north at the break up of Gondwana. The water of the Southern Ocean is dominated by the Antarctic Circum Polar Current. Local currents and conditions lead to an uneven distribution of marine life around the continent.
Prior to the separation of South America and Australia from Antarctica, cold currents flowing along the Antarctic coast were diverted north to the tropics when they struck the west coasts of South America and Australia, returning south to Antarctica after they had been heated by their passage through the equatorial regions, taking that heat south to warm Antarctica. These warming currents were disrupted by the opening of the ocean between Antarctica and South America and Australia, allowing the polar regions to become a progressively colder closed climatic system. The southern parts of Australia became cooler, and the latitudinal temperature gradients steepened, and the climatic zones became more pronounced. The movement of Australia north gradually moved the central and northern parts of the continent away from the moist westerly winds, and into the region of the drier, warmer subtropical high pressure systems (Bowler, 1982; Bowman, 2000).
As the ocean to the south of the drifting southern continents was widening, allowing the Southern Ocean to form the strengthening circumpolar current, the equatorial oceans were being progressively blocked by the northward movement of the continents of the Southern Hemisphere. As Africa slammed into Laurasia it closed the remaining part of the Tethys Sea, isolating the Mediterranean Sea Basin. The western end of the Mediterranean Basin was closed by the closing of the gap between Spain and Morocco.
The movement of Australia into the north, ploughing into a previously continuous string of islands, making the flow of water between the Pacific and Indian Oceans more restricted.
The final gap to be blocked was that between North and South America, as the Isthmus of Panama rose about 5 million years ago. Throughout the Cainozoic Era the equatorial flow was being progressively weakened as each gap was closed by the drifting continents.
Permanently ice covered regions are present close to the coast of Antarctica. Around this is a zone of seasonal ice, where ice covers the sea for most of the year, and between this zone and the Polar Front is a zone ice-free sea.
The Polar Front, the point where the cold circumpolar water meets the warm water from the north, had formed by 22 million years ago. This is a major biological barrier in the circumpolar zone, the water immediately south of the boundary of the northern water, is 2o C colder.
The Permanent Open Ocean Zone has high winds and rough seas as a result of the strong current and strong winds. The result is that there is deep mixing of the surface waters. It is a region of relatively high nutrients but the primary production is kept below its potential because the deep mixing pushes much of the phytoplankton below the photic zone. The phytoplankton in this zone are mostly very small nannoplankton, such as diatoms and flagellates.
The ecosystems of these zones are connected but are 3 separate ecosystems, not a single ecosystem as is sometimes believed.
The Southern Ocean produces deep and bottom waters that are very dense, mostly along the coast of Antarctica, as a result of its high southern latitude and its production of sea ice, and these dense waters fill the deepest part of the oceans to the north of the ACC.
On an annual basis wind forcing is dominated by the westerlies in the Southern Ocean in the band of latitudes from 40-60°S and closer to Antarctica, south of 60°S, by easterlies. The westerlies are not zonally uniform, being at a maximum in the section of the Southern Ocean to the south of the Indian Ocean that centres on about 50°S. There is also a significant southward component associated with the westerlies to the south of Australia in the Indian Ocean. In the latitudes of the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and Polar Front (PF), part of the ACC, the westerlies in a northern direction. The significant northward transport across the (circumpolar) SAF, on the order of 30 Sv, must be fed from the south by upwelling water. Associated with Ekman upwelling and downwelling is the wind stress curl, that is zero when associated with zero Ekman upwelling, occurs at maximum wind stress at around 50°S. South of this, and closer to the coast of Antarctica, positive values of upwelling occur. To the north of the maximum of westerly wind Ekman downwelling occurs which is strongest in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and throughout the sector of the Southern Ocean to the south of the Indian Ocean.
The easterly winds that occur closet the coast of Antarctica can be very strong because of the continental forcing of the katabatic winds, which include a northward component. Downwelling is induced at the boundary as Ekman transport is driven by the easterly winds, resulting in the sea surface mounding and the pycnocline deepening adjacent to the continent. The geostrophic flow found near the continent at most locations is a result of this.
The sum of air-sea fluxes of heat and freshwater is the surface buoyancy forcing. The authors² say that south of about 45°S the net buoyancy flux is positive, meaning the surface waters become less dense. The only large region of the world ocean where a significant contribution is made by freshwater fluxes to the air-sea flux is in this region, though similar magnitude heat fluxes here warm the ocean. According to the authors² the upwelling of very cold water , subsequently associated with Ekman transport to the north appear to control the air-sea fluxes with the result that the cooler water is equilibrated by the maritime air that is slightly warmer. In the ACC the buoyancy/heat gain occurs along the SAF and PF, places of high westerly winds resulting in high levels of Ekman transport to the north.
The western boundary current regions, Agulhas Current, East Australian Current and Brazil Current, and the Leeuwin Current along the west coast of Australia, are the regions of the Southern Ocean where buoyancy loss that is due almost entirely to heat loss is highest. The authors² say in these regions the annual mean heat losses are more than 100 W/m². Along the Agulhas Return Current, extending to the southeastward from Africa to a point more than half way across the Indian Ocean is a zonal band of buoyancy (heat) loss with values more than 25 - 50 W/m². In a similar position to the north of the SAF there is also an quazi-zonal band of loss of buoyancy in the Pacific Ocean. The southward mean flows bringing warmer waters into cooler regimes are associated with the regions of highest buoyancy loss.
According to the authors² In the Southern Ocean isopleths of all properties are almost zonal to great depths in an east-west direction as a result of the open zonal passage and the ACCA being nearly zonal. Especially in the zonal range of Drake Passage this zonal nature is illustrated by the near-surface potential temperature, salinity and geopotential anomaly. The cyclic gyres, that are clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, in the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea, and that are not zonal in the ACC zonal band, organise the surface properties and circulation to the south of the ACC.
In the ACC the near-zonal isopleths properties are organised into 3 major fronts that separate 4 broad zones in which the isopleths are more widely separated. The currents to the east are strong within the fronts, and in the zones between the fronts the flow can be in any direction as eddies dominate it.
Within the ACC the fronts that are part of it that encircle Antarctica are the SAF and PF and the southern ACC Front (SACCF). The Southern Boundary (SB), to the south of the SACCF has been defined as the southern edge of the low oxygen layer of the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), a non-dynamical front (Orsi, Whitworth & Nowlin, 1995). The Antarctic Slope Frons (ASF) is present along the continental slope in most locations, flowing westwards, and it separates very dense water of the shelf from the offshore water (Jacobs, 1991; Whitworth, Orsi, Kim & Nowlin, 1998). The Antarctic Coastal Current (ACoC) is found on shelves close to the coast, especially where they are broad.
The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ; north of the SAF), the Polar Front Zone (PFZ; between the SAF and the PF), the Antarctic Zone (AZ; between the PF and the SACCF), the Southern Zone (SZ; between the SACCF and the SB), and the subpolar region (south of the SB; Orsi et al., 1995). The Weddell Gyre and the Ross Sea Gyre are included in the Subpolar Region (Subpolar Zone; SPZ). Dense shelf water is present south of the ASF on the continental shelf; the authors suggesting it can be considered to be the Continental Zone.
There are 3 major fronts in the near-zonal isopleths in the ACC separate 4 broad zones where the isopleths are spaced more widely. The strong currents flow eastwards within these fronts. The flow in the zones between the fronts can be in any direction because they are dominated by eddies.
Prior to the classification of Orsi et al (1995) the commonly used older scheme that it superseded didn't include the SACCF or the SB, though it identified a Continental Water Boundary and a Continental Zone (CZ). The Drake Passage region was the only part of the Southern Ocean that these older schemes were appropriate for.
Zones of the Southern Ocean
|Author: M.H.Monroe Email: email@example.com Sources & Further reading|


Speedster Holloway returns to Mississippi State backfield
STARKVILLE – Coaches can’t teach speed.
But they can move it to a different position.
Brandon Holloway ran a 4.28 40-yard dash on two occasions: once as a senior in Tampa, Fla., and again in Starkville in 2012. Mississippi State’s coaches placed the high-school tailback at wide receiver during his first two seasons.
But as Holloway enters his redshirt sophomore season, he’s returning to running back.
“Honestly, it’s probably bad coaching by us not doing it (earlier),” MSU coach Dan Mullen said. “That’s his best position out here for us. I probably should have had him in that position much sooner.”
Questions surrounding wide receiver last year made Holloway an appealing option on the outside. Dropped passes kept him on the sidelines for most of the year as he finished with seven catches for 77 yards.
But even as a wideout, the notion of returning to the backfield never fully disappeared. Holloway carried the ball eight times for 38 yards. The highlight for the redshirt freshman came during a 95-yard kickoff return against Alcorn State.
“Unique guy, a guy with speed,” MSU co-offensive coordinator Billy Gonzales said. “We’ve got to be able to utilize him and we should be able to utilize him more than we have in the past.”
Mullen, Gonzales, running backs coach Greg Knox and Holloway discussed the move prior to spring practice. Through the first week Holloway worked with both the wide receivers and running backs. As spring practice enters its third week, he’s worked exclusively with the running backs.
“I definitely agree with them,” Holloway said. “When I’m back there I feel pretty good, so I didn’t have a problem with it at all. I just wanted to get back there and learn.”
At 5-foot-8, 160 pounds, Holloway offers a change of pace compared to Mississippi State’s other running backs. Josh Robinson, who is expected to start in the fall, is 5-9, 225 pounds. Nick Griffin is 6-0, 225 and Ashton Shumpert is 6-2, 215.
Holloway plans on adding a few pounds before fall practice, but isn’t concerned with his size taking on linebackers.
“It’s a mismatch. They’re bigger than me, and I’m faster than them,” Holloway said. “When I’m on the field, I’m just as confident as anybody else.”
Holloway used that speed to burst past MSU’s leading tackler Benardrick McKinney for a completion on a wheel route during the second week of practice this spring. A matchup like that is exactly why the coaches made the move. With the season still months away, Holloway’s exact role is still undefined.
“We have great running backs. We have great depth at running back, we’re all different types of players,” Holloway said. “But it’s good knowing we have other people there that can help me.”
He may be at a new position, and even added a few extra pounds, but Holloway’s best weapon is his speed.
And that hasn’t changed.
“No,” Holloway said. “It’s still the same.”
To contact Michael Bonner, call (601) 961-7289 or follow @MikeBBonner on Twitter.


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Last week was so much fun I decided to give it another go! I’m back with TWO more great deals for you today!
First up is In the Math Mix:
Next up is Park It (Place Value):
Both of these packs are filled with games and practice pages that are perfect for second graders in the fall. This is a great time to start gathering the materials you will need in just another month or so. You won’t find a better deal on these games than today! Just click on the pictures below to learn more!
Then head over to Cyndie’s blog to catch some more great deals for today!
Practicing addition is a lot more fun if kids get to go shopping, right?!? 🛒 And, this pack is FREE, so it really doesn’t cost you anything but the time to print and cut. 🖨 ✂ This Snowman Supplies pack is a great way for students to add four 2-digit numbers.
Look at this great book sharing idea for Valentine's Day! It's called Blind Date with a Book. Students can wrap up a good book and write a description on the outside. Then others can choose a new book based on the description!A BLIND DATE WITH A BOOK! 😍 Wrap the books and write a description on each of them- have the kiddos read the descriptions and pick a book for a blind reading date! How memorable! What an amazing idea for #valentinesday! Thank you for sharing Jessica! I see so many teachers trying this out! @thegreenelementaryteacher LOVE! #books #reading #library #blinddate ... See MoreSee Less
Now I wish I worked in a school with a staircase. I love this idea!I have all of the heart eyes for this beautiful staircase by @newacademycanogapark!!! These are some of the books they’ve read during their schoolwide book time! This is such an awesome way to encourage reading! ... See MoreSee Less


Analysis: Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 proves it
Qualcomm recently launched a new flagship Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 and proved it still can maintain a significant distance between its nearest chipset competitor.
5.7-inch screen packed in a 5.2-inch body
During its scheduled pre-MWC 2017 event, LG has officially unveiled its new G6 flagship smartphone, coming with a FullVision 18:9 aspect-ratio 5.7-inch screen and powered by Qualcomm's well-known Snapdragon 821 SoC.
Stainless steel reinforced frame, and a higher price
Apple’s upcoming flagship iPhone, set to be released with a rather large 5.8-inch display size, is expected to adopt a chassis made of reinforced glass with a stainless steel metal frame, according to sources from within the upstream supply chain.
It is all about the design
HTC has officially unveiled the successor of the HTC One lineup, the new HTC 10 flagship smartphone with 5.2-inch screen, Qualcomm's Snapdragon 820 SoC, 12MP UltraPixel camera and new BoomSound speakers.
Dual Fiji-GPU graphics card priced at US $1499
Just a few moments before its Capsaicin event at GDC 2016 show, AMD has officially announced its new dual-GPU flagship graphics card with two Fiji GPUs, the US $1499 priced Radeon Pro Duo.
Coming in the next few weeks
HTC 10 might be the final name for the phone that we used to call HTC One or HTC One M10. There were a lot of leaks about this flagship phone including many pictures and renders appearing on line.
Snapdragon 820 to launch after Chinese New Year
A lot of people expected to see Qualcomm's Xiaomi Mi5 launching in late January or early February but apparently this will happen later than expected.
Mobile World Congress 2016 will not get a wiff of Perfume
The HTC One M10 won't launch at the Mobile World Congress 2016, despite that the LG G4, Galaxy S7 and Edge and a few other phones will be there to take advantage of the publicity.
Flagship at Mobile World Congress 2016
Qualcomm and LG have started buzzing that something cool will happen on February 21 – the day before the Mobile World Congress starts in Barcelona. We just got a confirmation that LG plans to launch a new flagship phone.
When aluminum takes over