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|Year : 2022 | Volume
| Issue : 3 | Page : 69-72
Clinicopathological Profile of Primary Gastric Lymphoma - A Retrospective and Observational Study
Ritu Mehta1, Rashmi Yadav2, Naveen Chawla3
1 Department of Pathology, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Pathology, Indian Railways, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
3 DGMS(N), IHQ MoD(N), New Delhi, India
|Date of Submission||20-Dec-2020|
|Date of Acceptance||01-Mar-2021|
|Date of Web Publication||01-Jul-2022|
(Dr) Ritu Mehta
Department of Pathology, AFMC, Pune - 411 040, Maharashtra
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
Introduction: Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) accounts for <15% of all the gastric malignances and <2% of all the lymphomas. Although they can involve any part of gastric tract, however, stomach is predominantly involved. Clinically, it is difficult to diagnose gastric lymphoma as it does not present with specific symptoms. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study carried out from July 16 to July 20. Patient's data were obtained from clinical record sheets. Histopathological examination was performed followed by panel of immunohistochemistry with leukocyte common antigen, CD 3, CD138, CD10, CD5, CD79a, CD20, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, Cyclin D1, and Ki-67. Further subtyping of gastric NHL was done using immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 30 patients of PGL were included in the study. There were 23 males and 7 females, with M:F of 3.1:1. The mean age of presentation was 53 years. Abdominal pain and dyspepsia were common symptoms at presentation. Gastric antrum was the common site of involvement. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma germinal center type was the most common histological variant seen in the present study. Helicobacter pylori was seen in 9 cases (30%) cases. Majority of patients were diagnosed in Stage II and III. Conclusion: PGL clinically is difficult to diagnose because of its nonspecific symptoms. Endoscopic examination should be done in such patients. All these suspicious patients should undergo biopsy examination of the lesion.
Keywords: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, MALToma, primary gastric lymphoma
|How to cite this article:|
Mehta R, Yadav R, Chawla N. Clinicopathological Profile of Primary Gastric Lymphoma - A Retrospective and Observational Study. J Mar Med Soc 2022;24, Suppl S1:69-72
| Introduction|| |
Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is uncommon and accounts for <4% of all gastric malignancies as stomach mucosa lacks lymphoid tissue. However, it is common site for metastasis of the lymphomas that originate else were. Gastrointestinal tract involvement is seen in 5%–20% of all Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The incidence of PGL has been rapidly increasing in the past two to three decades.
Although both T and B cell lymphoma can occur in gastrointestinal tract. B-cell lineage lymphoma accounts for 90% of all gastric lymphoma. Site-specific predilection is seen in these as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is seen in stomach, mantle cell lymphoma in duodenum and enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma in jejunum.
PGL most commonly affects patients who are in 5th decade of their life. However, with increasing incidence, it is now also seen in young patients with 2nd decade of life.,
Males have three times more chances than females to be affected
There are various risk factors associated with pathogenesis of PGL such as Helicobacter pylori infections, HIV, EBV, campylobacter Jejuni, and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus.,
There are certain other diseases too which are commonly associated with PGL like celiac disease. As PGL often present with nonspecific symptoms and mimic gastritis and peptic ulcer, it is very difficult to make timely diagnosis.
Secondary involvement of stomach by NHL should always be ruled out before starting treatment. Dawson's diagnosing criteria are used in differentiating PGL from secondary involvement of gastrointestinal tract by Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These criteria include (1) absence of peripheral lymphadenopathy at the time of presentation; (2) lack of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes; (3) total and differential white blood cell count should be normal; (4) predominantly bowel disease with only lymph nodes obviously affected in the immediate vicinity; and (5) no hepatic or splenic involvement.
| Materials and Methods|| |
A retrorespective study was carried out at tertiary care hospital from December 2015 to July 2020. Thirty cases of PGL were included in the study. Patients presenting with GI symptoms or predominant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract based on Lewin et al. definition were included in the study. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with secondary involvement of gastrointestinal tract were not included in the study. The sample size was not calculated as PGL is relatively rare lymphoma and adequate sample size was not possible. Relevant clinical details were retrieved from clinical records. Upper GI endoscopy and gastric biopsy were done in all cases. Biopsies were fixed in 10% formalin. Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was done on paraffin-embedded tissues. The histopathological slides were reviewed. Giemsa stain for detection of H. pylori was done in all cases. Immunohistochemistry was done on poly L-lysine-coated slides. Antigen retrieval was done in pressure. Avidin-Biotin peroxidase technique was used. The relevant IHC markers done were leukocyte common antigen, CD3, CD20, CD79a, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, CD5, Cyclin D1, CD138, and Ki-67. Positive controls were run with immunohistochemistry. Based on immunohistochemical results subtyping of lymphoma was done. Bone marrow examination for staging of lymphoma was done in all cases. Chest X-ray, and computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were also done up as staging workup [Figure 1].
| Results|| |
Totally 30 cases of PGL were studied. There were 23 male and 7 female, with M:F of 3.1:1. The mean age at diagnosis was 53 years. Various symptoms at presentation were as abdominal pain, dyspepsia, weight loss and hematemesis. Abdominal pain and dyspepsia were common presenting complaints as shown in [Table 1].
Various sites of involvement were antrum (16), body (8), diffuse lesions (5), fundus (1). The staging at the time of diagnosis is shown in [Table 2].
The endoscopic examination showed ulcerated lesions in 08 (27%) cases, diffuse gastric thickening in 13 (43.34%) cases, and gastric erosion in 09 (30%) cases. The frequencies of different histological subtypes of PGL are listed in [Table 3].
Subtyping of tumors were done based on immunohistochemical findings [Figure 2]a, [Figure 2]b, [Figure 2]c, [Figure 2]d, [Figure 2]e, [Figure 2]f, [Figure 2]g, [Figure 2]h. DLBCL germinal center type showed immunopositivity for CD20 and CD10. DLBCL non germinal center type showed immunopositivity for CD20, while tumor cells were negative for CD10 and BCL6. MALToma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) showed immunopositivity for CD 20 and CD79a, CD5, CD 10, CD 23, cyclin D1 were negative. The most common symptom at presentation in our study was abdominal pain accounting for 43% of the cases followed by hematemesis, dyspepsia, and weight loss. Mean age of presentation was 53 years. Males were affected more in our study. The most common site of involvement was gastric antrum followed by body of the stomach, diffuse involvement of stomach, and fundus. The gastroscopic findings ranged from gastric ulcers, diffuse thickening and gastric erosions. The most common histological type was diffuse large cell lymphoma [Figure 2]. The 13 cases were of germinal center type of DLBCL. Ten cases were of nongerminal center type DLBCL. Seven cases were of MALToma. H. pylori was positive in 9 cases. Out of these 9 cases 6 cases were of MALToma and remaining 3 cases were of DLBCL. Adjuvant chemotherapy comprising of RCHOP and radiotherapy was given to all patients. H. pylori treatment comprising of Capsule amoxicillin, tablet clarithromycin, and tablet pantoprazole was given to 9 patients showing positivity for H. pylori. Response to treatment was evaluated by repeat endoscopy after completion of 3 and 6 cycles.
|Figure 2: (a) CD 20 positive in neoplastic cells. (b) Cyclin D1 negative in neoplastic cells. (c) BCL6 Positive in neoplastic cells. (d) MUM 1 negative in neoplastic cells. (e) Ki 67 nearly 100% positive. (f) BCL2 negative in neoplastic cells. (g) C-myc Positive in neoplastic cells. (h) CD 10 Positive in neoplastic cells|
Click here to view
| Discussion|| |
Our understanding of PGLs has been improved greatly in recent decades with the advanced use of morphological, immunohistochemical studies.
Advancement in the morphological, immunohistochemical studies has drastically improved the understanding of PGLs. Malignant lymphoma of the stomach can be primary or secondary. Stomach is primarily affected by Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunophenotypically, PGLs are of B-cell origin. DLBCL and MALT lymphoma are the most common subtype of B-cell lymphoma. Rarely mantle cell lymphoma can present as PGL. T cell lymphomas well as Hodgkin's lymphoma are very rare in the stomach. Although stomach can be secondarily involved any lymphoma. The most common histological lymphoma seen in stomach is MALT lymphoma. PGL commonly affect people in their 5–6 decade. In the present study, mean age of presentation was 53 years. In our study, males were affected more. It is in accordance with other available studies. Approximately 70 % of the cases are associated with H. Pylori associated gastritis. Eradication of H. Pylori leads to regression of the tumor in significant number of tumor . Gastric MALT lymphomas are also associated with hepatitis C, HIV and autoimmune diseases. H. pylori infection was seen in 30% of patients in our study as compared with other studies which reported 75% by Shukla et al., 44% by Arora et al. and 85% by Delchier et al. Low prevalence of H. pylori was noted in our study compared to other studies. This could be due to non availability of immunohistochemistry and serological tests for H. pylori. Diagnosis of H. pylori was made on H&E and Geimsa stain. Three patients DLBCL patients showed H. pylori positivity. These cases might have transformed from low-grade lymphoma to a high grade DLBCL. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic type seen in our study, which was similar to other studies from India and other parts of the world. Primary gastric DLBCL is characterized by proliferation of large sized atypical lymphoid cells which causes gastric glandular destruction as well as destruction of lymphoid follicles. MALT lymphoma was the second most common lymphoma seen in our study. It is seen commonly in antrum as polypoidal mass or ulcerating lesions. Microscopically, the gastric mucosa is infiltrated by small to medium sized monomorphic population of atypical lymphoid cells. Lymphoepithelial lesions defined as glandular destruction by three or more lymphoid cells are also seen. It is difficult to differentiate MALT lymphoma from heavy chronic inflammatory infiltrate. Lymphoepithelial lesion can be seen in acute gastritis mainly EBV-associated gastritis but glandular destruction will not be seen in inflammatory conditions. Immunohistochemistry along with molecular study is the main stay of diagnosis. The atypical lymphoid cells will show immunoreactivity for B-cell markers such as CD20 and CD 79a. Cyclin D1, CD5, CD10, Bcl2, and CD 23 will be negative which will rule out low grade lymphoma such as follicular and small cell lymphoma. Translocation t (11; 18) (q21;21) is associated with MALT lymphomas. Gastric lymphomas are classified according to Musshoff's modification of Ann Arbor staging. In the present study, most cases were diagnosed in stage IIE and stage III. This could be due to delayed presentation of patients because of nonspecific symptoms.
Prognosis depends on the stage and grade of the disease. The role of surgery prior to chemotherapy is still controversial. PGL are highly chemosensitive. Chemotherapy combined with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody achieves higher complete response rate and more than 80% are long-term survival. Patients with advanced stage or high grade tumors are treated with surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Regular follow-up with endoscopic are required after completion of treatment to see recurrences.
Limitation of study
Only 30 cases of PGL were included in the study. Larger sample size would have given better insight into clinicopathological profiles of PGL. Immunohistochemistry is the gold standard for detecting H. pylori. It should always be accompanied with serological tests. IHC and serological tests for H. pylori were not done in present study and diagnosis was made only on histopathological examination.
| Conclusion|| |
PGL is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and represents a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from indolent low-grade marginal zone lymphoma or MALT lymphoma to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The PGL is a relatively rare cancer and easily misdiagnosed due to its unspecific symptoms of the digestive tract. PGL has a variable clinical presentation and a wide differential diagnosis. Due to the rarity of PGL, many aspects of this neoplasm are still controversial. Early diagnosing is a key for treatment of PGL. Early endoscopic examination, histopathological examination along with immunohistochemistry should be done. Better insight into the etiology of the disease along with immunohistochemistry and molecular studies can lead to the better understanding and early treatment of the disease.
We would like to thank the Department of Pathology, INHS Asvini.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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[Figure 1], [Figure 2]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]

domain: biology


text:
1. The dogs hate the cats, the people love the dogs; the people hate the cats.
2. Fucking talking housepets
3. Secret magic shuttle system hidden in dog house? Genius. Prrrrrrr genious.
4. The cat fakes the death and the dog gives in. Classic!
5. They totally kidnap that dog.
6. Movie is effin hilarious. Seriously. So funny.

domain: pet


text:
A few years ago, listeners would have been forgiven for not realising that William Alwyn had composed any music before his Divertimento for flute (1940). Alwyn felt that his early music had suffered from ‘a woeful inadequacy of technique.’ He ‘disowned’ all music written before this date. In recent years, several early works have been discovered (clearly, he did not destroy the scores) and have received premiere recordings. Whilst many of these compositions may not be masterpieces, the listener will soon come to the opinion that Alwyn was too harsh on his ‘early horrors.’
These ‘prentice works include the Peter Pan Suite (1923), a Prelude for orchestra (1925), Prelude and Derrybeg Fair music from the opera The Fairy Fiddlers (1925), Five Preludes for orchestra (1927), Ad Infinitum: a satire for orchestra (1929), Aphrodite in Aulis (eclogue for small orchestra after George Moore (1932), Serenade (1932), Seven Irish Tunes (1936) and the Tragic Interlude for small orchestra (1936)
One of my favourite early works dates from 1926, when Alwyn was only 19 years old. Blackdown: a tone poem from the Surrey Hills was completed in London on 9 March 1926. Andrew Knowles’ liner notes for the only recording (at present) of this work, notes that the title refers to the summit of a hill situated near the town of Haselmere. The work is a ‘musical portrait of the area.’
Alwyn, himself, has written that ‘the pastoral opening depicts the quiet beauty of the whole wide expanse of country which extends as far as the eye can see. The oboe ushers in a chromatic tune which, like a breeze, disturbs the calm. The breeze freshens to a blustering gale, swaying the pine trees in the ‘Temple of the Winds’ till it reaches a crashing climax. Then the music dies away, finishing in the song-like mood of the opening.’
I felt that one major problem with this work was that it was too short for the wide ranging musical material presented. The piece is in an arch form, which opens and closes in a Delian mood. The middle section owes much to Arnold Bax and his November Woods. However, commentators have picked up on the influence of Rimsky Korsakov.
Roger Hecht in the American Record Guide (May 2010) connects the middle section of Blackdown with the storm in Rimsky-Korsakoff's Scheherazade but considers Alywn’s music is ‘darker and heavier.’
The tone poem was first performed at the Guildford St Nicholas Hall on 23 November 1926 by the Guilford Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Claud Powell. Adrian Wright (The Innumerable Dance, Boydell Press, 2008) cites an unattributable reviewer of the premiere who considered that Blackdown was ‘slight, pleasing and – a good point -concise.’ As noted above, I feel it could have been longer!
Blackdown: a tone poem from the Surrey Hills was released in Dutton Epoch (CDLX 7237) coupled the Overture in the form of a Serenade, Prelude for orchestra, the Peter Pan Suit and, Ad Infinitum: A Satire for orchestra. Other composers represented on this disc include Charles Hubert Hastings Parry’s Hypathia: Incidental music, Vaughan Williams’ Heroic Elegy & Triumphal Epilogue and York Bowen’s Orchestral Poem: Eventide.
Ian Lace reviewing the Dutton release for MusicWeb International (9 December 2009) considered that ‘incredibly this dynamic piece was never performed in Alwyn’s lifetime. Blackdown – a Tone Poem of the Surrey Hills is a beautiful pastoral evocation beginning serenely but with developing storm-clouds that recall Bax’s November Woods.’
Writing in The Gramophone (June 2010), Andrew Achenbach considers that all four of Alwyn’s works in this CD ‘demonstrates a budding orchestral mastery…’
The Fanfare magazine had three critics review this work: Barry Brenesal; Arthur Lintgen, and Ronald E. Grames. They reported that William Alwyn's Prelude, Blackdown, Peter Pan Suite, and Ad Infinitum are all distinctly minor works that are technically competent and stylistically anonymous…Blackdown is a brief tone poem that gives an early glimpse of Alwyn's cinematic style. Interestingly, it was considered that Blackdown’s ‘opening briefly pays tribute to Vaughan Williams before settling into an idiom that mixes modal themes with Impressionistic harmonies and coloration to excellent effect.’ Certainly, this is where the allusions to Delius are found. Finally, Blackdown…shows the influence of Vaughan Williams and lacks only a distinctive melody to make it striking.
Later this year, (3 March, 2017) Chandos is releasing British Tone Poems: Volume 1 (CHAN 10939) This will include William Alwyn’s Blackdown, as well as Frederic Austin’s Rhapsody: Spring, Granville Bantock’s The Witch of Atlas, Balfour Gardiner’s A Berkshire Idyll, Ivor Gurney’s Gloucestershire Rhapsody and Vaughan Williams’ The Solent. Only the Balfour Gardiner is a premiere recording.

domain: library


text:
The National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) is in the final stages of updating the Hryvnia banknote and coin denominations. The new banknotes have greater security features to prevent counterfeiting, easier for cash payments, and costs far less in expenditure to the state.
The NBU plans to release the 5 and 10-hryvnia coins that will gradually replace the paper currency in circulation. It will also introduce 50- and 200-hryvnia banknotes with new security features. The designs are similar to the new generation 20, 100, 500, and 1,000-notes.
The dates for the release into circulation are:
- 5 and 50-hryvnia bills on 20 December 2019
- 200-hryvnia on 25 February 2020
- 10-hryvnia in mid-2020
The main images depicted in the new notes are similar in size and color as the previous 50 and 200-hryvnia bills. Security features such as:
- Embossed or tactile elements especially are introduced for the visually impaired.
- Improved the UR and IR protection of the bill
- The black serial number runs vertically down the right edge on the reverse side of the bill
- Has incorporated an optically variable element called SPARK, shaped like a stylized image of a water lily
- Changes color when the note is tilted
- a window thread that features the denomination and the Hryvnia symbol
- The thread produces a dynamic light effect along with the image moving in a different direction when the note is tilted
The new currency will save the state huge costs as they have a longer lifespan than the banknotes. The transition is made as convenient as possible for the public.

domain: economics


text:
One of the primary components when looking after your pigs’ health is their diet. Pigs have the extraordinary capacity to eat almost anything they can find; they will even eat rock just to see if they like it.
With this appetite caring for the pigs, diet can be quite challenging, especially if you’re new to the pig breeding club. For this reason, in today’s topic, we give an inside on whether or not pigs should be eating citrus and how this could affect their health.
Can pigs eat citrus? Yes, pigs can eat citrus fruits; this is a great option to use when looking to treat your pigs. It will make them happy, and they will thank you for it. Plus, citrus fruits can provide a large number of nutrients and vitamins that will improve your pigs health.
But even though pigs can eat these types of fruits, it’s important to consider that their primary source of food should be the pigs feed.
The pigs feed is usually made of corn, flour, and soy, which contain high amounts of protein and nutrients that your pigs will need in order to grow strong and healthy.
And if you’re looking for great meat quality, you will want the primary source of food to be the pigs feed as it helps them build muscle and provides a better meat taste when compared to a pig that just eats scrap food.
For this reason, providing a balanced diet can significantly improve the health and meat quality of your pigs.
So only use the citrus fruits as a treat, but also give them other fruits like bananas, watermelons, and even vegetables of all types in addition to the pig feed.
With these recipes, you will have happy and healthy pigs.
The previous conditions are also recommended for pet pigs, because even though you’re not going to eat your pet, having them on a balanced diet will help them live a long and happy life.
Are Citrus Fruits Good for Pigs?
Yes, citrus fruits can provide many nutrients and vitamins such as Protein, Fiber, Vitamin C, Folate, Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin B, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Copper, and many more.
The nutrients and vitamins could vary depending on the type of fruits you’re using, but overall they provide a great energy boost that your pigs will enjoy.
The citrus fruits class includes oranges, limes, clementines, grapefruit sweet, and many more hybrids and varieties.
These delicious fruits are not only great for the winter month as they bring a burst of energy to your pigs, but they can be used throughout the year.
These types of fruits are cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates, and major exporters are Mexico, India, Spain, China, Brazil, and the US.
They are quite available, so there is no surprise pigs have been exposed to this type of fruit.
And what’s best is that you will find them year-round. Some varieties will have a peak season, like the oranges, but there will always be some type of citrus fruits available for your pigs.
Something to point out is that citrus fruits are a great source of fiber, which can definitely help with your pigs digestive system. And it’s a great option to use if you’re looking to treat an overweight pig.
Citrus fruit will provide large amounts of vitamins, fiber, and nutrients, but they won’t make your pigs fat, which is great. Pigs should only gain muscle and fat primarily by eating the pig feed.
Can Mini Pigs Eat Citrus Fruits?
Yes, mini pigs and other pig breeds can also consume citrus fruits; this is a great optician to use if you’re looking to train your mini pigs as you can give them the citrus as a reward.
But overall, this is great for mini pigs and all pigs in general.
Just follow the previous recommendation, and your pigs will be fine no matter the type.
Can Pigs Eat Citrus Peels?
Yes, pigs will eat the citrus peels, if you just gave them the peel, it’s important to consider that this is not the most juice part of the fruit, so some of your pigs might reject it.
So I do recommend mixing it up with other types of fruits or even vegetables, just to make it easier for them to consume.
But overall, as long as you’re not giving them rotted peels, your pigs will be fine.
Since I mentioned rotted peel, I want to use the opportunity to make clear that pigs should never eat old fruits, rotted fruits, fruits with worms, etc.
This is unhealthy and prohibited in many countries.
When someone feeds rotted food or fruits to their pigs, they are opening the door to sickness in the pig community and also the human community. This will raise a serious problem as you cannot eat or sell a sick pig.
So it’s very important to avoid this type of issue at all costs. Only give them fresh and healthy fruits.
Conclusion: Can Pigs Eat Citrus?
Yes, pigs love to eat oranges, grapefruit, sweet oranges, pomelos, citron, clementines, yuzu, and all types of citrus fruits. Pigs will usually eat all parts of this fruit and they are great because they have a high volume of vitamins and nutrients that your pigs need in order to stay healthy.
It’s important to understand that pigs can develop a taste for a particular fruit, so don’t be surprised if some of your pigs regret a particular fruit as they might need the time to acquire a taste for it.
Some will like it; others will never do; it’s important to never force the pig to eat something they like; from time to time, you can give it to them to see if they like it, but they should always have their primary source of food always available.
Like always, remember that pigs need to have a balanced diet, so in addition to the citrus fruits and pig feed, it’s great to add some vegetables and a mix of other fruits.

domain: food


Home > News > Nation
Saturday June 28, 2014 MYT 9:29:00 AM
Saturday June 28, 2014 MYT 12:42:59 PM
by royce tan
GEORGE TOWN: A skinned and bloodied cow's head was found in front of DAP's Seri Delima assemblyman R.S.N Rayer's house here early Saturday.
It is learnt that Rayer's wife discovered the severed head around 7am.
Rayer posted a photograph on his Facebook page around 8am and wrote: "This morning I found a cow head at the front gate of my house ......"
Rayer is a Hindu. Cows are considered sacred and holy for the Hindus.
The assemblyman was at the centre of a controversy recently when he labelled Umno "celaka" during the state assembly sitting on May 20.
The following day saw a group of protesters entering the building after violently shaking the gate open. They then entered the chambers looking for Rayer, who was not around.
Tags / Keywords:
Politics, cow head, RSN Rayer, Penang
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DaBaby has already worked with a lot of artists this year but he’s not done yet. In the near future, he has a big one on the way with Camila Cabello called ‘My Oh My’ from her upcoming album Romance.
The North Carolina rap star has one more coming soon that he’s excited about: Lil Wayne. During a recent interview with Viva Lakoi and Angela Yee on Power 104.5 The Beat radio station (spotted at LWHQ), DaBaby revealed that he has a collaboration with Weezy arriving soon. Calling it “big,” he mentions that Lil Wayne is a “GOAT” and was a huge influence while he was growing up. Watch the clip below — DaBaby mentions the collab at the 2:40 minute mark.
There is no word where the song will appear but given that Weezy was the one to hit him up, it looks like it might be a part of an upcoming Lil Wayne album. DaBaby’s most recent guest features are on songs from Trippie Redd, Blac Youngsta and Plies.


Tuesday Apr 22
Supervisors agree to look at building new jail
AND SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO THE JAIL. ONE SUPERVISORS TOLD US IT'S TIME TO MOVE FOWARD WITH A NEW FACILITY.
Jail concerns follow fatal inmate fight
HINDS COUNTY DETENTION CENTER IN RAYMOND. 16 WAPT'S TAMMY ESTWICK SHOWS US WHAT HAPPENED TODAY.
Supervisors declare a state of emergency at Raymond jail
In an emerergency called meeting Tuesday, the Hinds County Board of Supervisors declared a state of emergency for the entire physical facility at the Hinds County Detention Center at Raymond.
JPD offers new insights on fatal Hinds County Detention Center riot
On Tuesday, Jackson Police Chief Lindsey Horton was able to shed new light on some of the events surrounding a fight at the Hinds County Detention Center which left one inmate dead and five others injured.
Sheriff: 1 inmate killed, 5 hurt in jail gang fight
Once you're logged in, at the top of each article, video or slideshow you will see a list of your Facebook friends who recently visited Choose to share stories you'e read with your friends or turn sharing OFF to keep your reading experience anonymous .
Sheriff's spokesman: gang fight at Hinds Co. jail
The Hinds County Detention Center's chief administrator says two inmates were injured in a riot at the jail in Raymond.


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Research suggests that individuals experiencing homelessness have high rates of overweight and obesity. Unhealthy weights and homelessness are both associated with increased risk of poor health and mortality. Using longitudinal data from 575 participants at the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial, we investigate the impact of receiving a Housing First intervention on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference of participants with moderate and high needs for mental health support services. The ANCOVA results indicate that the intervention resulted in no significant change in BMI or waist circumference from baseline to 24 months. The findings suggest a need for a better understanding of factors contributing to overweight, obesity, and high waist circumference in populations who have histories of housing precarity and experience low-income in tandem with other concerns such as mental illness and addictions.
International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register ISRCTN42520374
Citation: Woodhall-Melnik J, Misir V, Kaufman-Shriqui V, O’Campo P, Stergiopoulos V, Hwang S (2015) The Impact of a 24 Month Housing First Intervention on Participants’ Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference: Results from the At Home / Chez Soi Toronto Site Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0137069
Editor: C. Mary Schooling, Hunter College, UNITED STATES
Received: February 20, 2015; Accepted: July 30, 2015; Published: September 29, 2015
Copyright: © 2015 Woodhall-Melnik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Data Availability: Given the sensitive nature of the dataset, external researchers may be granted access to the data once they have receive the appropriate ethical approval(s) through Carol Adair at email@example.com.
Funding: This trial was funded by the Mental Health Commission of Canada [http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/]. The Lead Author is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research through the ACHIEVE post-doctoral fellowship program [http://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/193.html]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Housing is an important determinant of health. In general, individuals who experience long-term homelessness also experience worse health outcomes and premature mortality compared to their housed counterparts   . Studies conducted in the United States indicate that homeless individuals experience high rates of overweight and obesity. In one study measuring Body Mass Index (BMI) in 5,632 homeless adults in the United States, Koh et al. found that only 1.6% were underweight, whereas 32.3% were classified as obese . Other studies have produced similar results   . Tsai and Rosenheck found that 57% of adults experiencing chronic homelessness in the United States are overweight or obese .
Research shows that being overweight or obese can have negative health outcomes. Those who experience overweight and obesity are more likely to suffer from chronic conditions such as Type II diabetes, heart disease, certain types of cancers  and early mortality  . Several factors place homeless individuals at greater risk of overweight and obesity compared to the general population. For example, both poverty and lack of stable housing significantly reduce the ability to maintain a healthy and balanced diet , leading to food insecurity. Housing First has been shown to be an effective strategy for assisting homeless populations with mental illness    . Housing First involves providing low-barrier, rapid access to housing and mental health support services wherein individuals are given access to independent housing with no sobriety or mental health treatment enrollment or compliance requirements . Research suggests that this programming improves a variety of housing, health, and social outcomes   . However, the impact of Housing First interventions on body weight has not been assessed to date.
Housing First interventions are based on the premise that receiving access to stable housing with client-driven supports assists individuals in stabilizing other aspects of their lives such as mental health and substance use . Theoretically, providing persons experiencing homelessness with access to housing and treatment for mental illness could impact weight outcomes. Access to housing offers participants the opportunity to purchase, store, and prepare food of higher nutritional value, which may not necessarily be low in energy. In addition, making the transition to stable housing may modify individual food intake as part of an entire life-style modification., At Home /Chez Soi study participants all had serious mental illness  , and engagement in treatment could lead to increased use of psychotropic medications which is associated with weight gain and metabolic abnormalities  . Additionally, changes in drug and alcohol use can result in weight gain or weight loss. The direction of change in weight status is associated with the type of substance, frequency of use, and gender   . The literature to date do not present data on whether housing stability increases or decreases individual energy intake through food consumption.
The At Home / Chez Soi intervention was designed to improve housing and social outcomes and was not designed with the specific intent of normalizing weight. However, the intervention was designed with the intent of stabilizing participants’ health outcomes and lives in general. Therefore, we could hypothesize that weight outcomes could have been stabilized as a result of participating in the intervention. To identify the impact of the Housing First intervention on overweight and obesity, we used the anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference in a sample of homeless individuals with mental illness from the Toronto site of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized clinical trial. The objective of this paper is to address following research question: Does participation in the treatment arms of the At Home / Chez Soi trial have an impact on BMI or waist circumference 24 months following initial enrollment in the study?
The Toronto At Home/Chez Soi study consists of 575 participants who were placed into moderate and high needs groups based on their scores on the Multnomah Community Ability Scale, the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview, the presence of concurrent substance use disorder, acute care utilization and legal involvement  . Participants were then randomized to receive Housing First with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) support vs. Treatment as Usual (TAU) (high needs) or Housing First with Intensive Case Management (ICM) vs. TAU (moderate needs). Adaptive randomization was employed. We used a computer generated algorithm with a central database of participants to complete randomization. The randomization is displayed in Fig 1. Participants in the TAU groups did not receive housing or supports but were provided with lists of resources of community supports which they could choose to access.
This figure displays the random assignment of participants to intervention and control groups based on need level and indicates the number of individuals who had data for inclusion in this particular study.
Prior to randomization all participants were stratified into need levels based on the extent of their disability and severity of psychiatric problems. To establish the need level of each participant, the community functions, mental disorder diagnoses, comorbid conditions, prior hospitalizations and incarcerations were examined as well as the results from the MINI and Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS). To be considered ‘high needs,’ participants had to have a score of less than 62 and have a MINI diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder, a prior hospitalization for mental illness at least 2 times in any one year over the last 5 years and either a co-morbid substance use or a recent arrest or incarceration. All other participants who did not meet these criteria were considered ‘moderate needs’. For additional information, see Hwang et al. .
Intake coordinators assessed participants for eligibility and then conducted a screening interview prior to placing their information in a centralized database for randomization. To be eligible for participation, respondents were required to be at least 18 years of age, absolutely homeless or precariously housed, have a serious mental disorder with or without a co-occurring substance use problem, and not be presently enrolled in ICM or ACT. Our aim was to recruit 560 participants to detect an effect size of 0.5 for those receiving ICM and ACT. This required that we maintain 63 participants per treatment arm. The recruitment target minimums were set at 100 participants per arm to account for probable attrition.
This study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ontario (#09–208). Written consent was collected for all study participants. The study was registered with the International Standard Randomized Control Trial Number Register (ISRCTN42520374). The registration is listed at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN42520374. In order to protect participant anonymity, the data used in the following analyses are not publically available. Data access requests can be made by contacting Carol Adair at firstname.lastname@example.org.
The intake period was from October 2009 to June 2011. Participants completed baseline surveys following randomization, and follow up surveys were conducted every 3 months. The surveys collected every 3 months were done via-phone. These surveys collected information on residential stability, service use and vocational activities. Participants were asked to report in person to provide subjective accounts of physical and mental health and substance use every 6 months. These surveys were conducted in an institution if the participant was institutionalized, at the Centre for Research on Inner City Health in Toronto, Ontario, or at the participants’ homes upon request. Physiological measures such as height, weight and waist circumference were also performed every six months using a measuring tape and digital scale. The trial concluded after all participants had completed their final interviews at the 24 month follow-up period. Data collection ceased in 2013.
BMI and Waist Circumference Definition
Body weight was measured using a portable digital scale, and height was measured using a portable measuring stick. Weight and height were measured twice to the nearest 0.1 kg and 0.1cm, respectively, and the mean of the two measures was used in the analysis. We calculated body mass index (BMI) as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (weight [kg] / height [m2]). BMI was dichotomized into two categories: overweight and obese (BMI > 24.9) and not overweight or obese (BMI < = 24.9) . Similarly, waist circumference was also dichotomized into two categories: overweight and obese (waist circumference > = 102cm for men or 88cm for women) or not overweight or obese (waist circumference < 102cm for men or 88cm for women) .
Baseline socio-demographic exposures included age, gender, ethnicity (ethnoracial or aboriginal status) and duration of homeless. Self-rated health exposures such as the EQ5D were selected as well as self-reported substance use as potential confounders. Specific items of the MCAS scale were used to investigate participants’ self-reported cooperation, medical compliance and substance use. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used at the screening interview to provide a current diagnosis of mental illness and/or substance or alcohol use or dependence or dependence disorders .
We first present the social and demographic characteristics at baseline, identifying those variables that differed between treatment and TAU groups. The sample was later examined for these differences among those who had BMI and Waist Circumference at both time points. Using the cut-offs previously listed, we examined the distribution of BMI and Waist Circumference change for those whose changed from or to being overweight or obese. To determine whether the BMI and Waist Circumference at 24 months after randomization was significantly different from its baseline counter-part, an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess whether there was post-test difference in BMI, adjusting for participant’s BMI at baseline. Variables found to be significantly different between the treatment and TAU groups at baseline were entered into this model stratified by need level. To address issues surrounding multiplicity, a p-value of p<0.01 was considered as significant.
Missing data in our sample was caused by participant refusal and loss to follow-up. An additional 14 pregnant, transgendered, and transsexual participants were excluded from the analyses. In an effort to reduce the amount of missing data, height measurements were carried forward to other time points to calculate BMI if only height data was missing (N = 12). We also examined whether differences existed for participants with BMI and waist circumference data at both time points (see S1 File) and for those who had missing BMI and waist circumference data at one or both time points. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4.
At baseline, there were 486 (84.52%) participants with height and weight measurements, whereas at 24 months there were only 267 (46.34%) participants with this measurement (22 of whom did not have a baseline height or weight). Similarly, at baseline 476 (82.78%) participants provided a waist circumference measurement whereas at 24 months, 261 (45.39) participants provided this measurement. For inclusion in the ANCOVA models, participants needed data for BMI and Waist Circumference at both baseline and 24 months. Participants who were diagnosed with a psychotic disorder or substance abuse were found to be more likely to have these measures missing at both time points. We conducted analyses using data from the 245 (43.67%) participants with BMI measurements at both time points and the 239 (42.60%) participants with waist circumference measurements at both time points.
Table 1 describes the distribution of participants by each need level group for those who had BMI and waist circumference data at each time point. The average age of participants was approximately 40, with males being the majority of both need level groups. The proportion of participants who were classified as “ethnoracial” (not White) was higher among the moderate needs group (64%) than the high needs group (44%). Mean time homeless ranged from 54.29 to 86.96 months. Moderate food insecurity was present with mean food insecurity scores ranging from 4.36 to 4.62. High rates of substance and alcohol dependence were observed in both the moderate and high needs groups. All participants met the criteria for a mental illness, with major depressive episodes most common in the moderate needs group and psychotic disorders most common in the high needs group.
For the high needs groups, significant differences were observed for age and gender (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02 respectively) with the intervention group having an approximate average age of 38 and the treatment as usual group with an age of 41. Similarly, the intervention group had a greater proportion of females (33%) compared to the treatment as usual (19%), whereas there was a greater proportion of males in treatment as usual group (81%) than the intervention (61%). For the moderate needs group, significant differences were observed for the overall physical health and the medication compliance item of the MCAS questionnaire. Participants in the intervention group reported a lower physical health score of 59 whereas those in the treatment as usual group had an average of 67. Tests of association were also performed for the sub-group of participants who had both measures at baseline and 24M for BMI and Waist Circumference to determine whether baseline differences were still present. The only difference was for the moderate needs group with the EQ5D Physical Health Component (p = 0.0367) among participants who had their Waist Circumference measured at both time points. Results of these comparisons are provided as supporting information.
Categorical changes in BMI and waist circumference from baseline to 24 months are displayed in Table 2 for our analytic sample. Approximately 12 (5%) participants were overweight or obese at baseline but were not at 24 months, whereas 28 (11%) became overweight or obese at 24 months. The average change in BMI among participants who became obese was 4.43 ± 3.19 units with a maximum difference of ± 12.80 BMI units. The majority of participants (84%) experienced no change in their BMI categorizations over the 24 month trial period.
Similar to the findings for BMI, the majority of participants (82.72%) experienced no categorical change in waist circumference. A higher proportion of participants (11.72%) went from not overweight or obese to overweight or obese than those who moved to the not overweight or obese category (5.56%). The waist circumference analysis shows a lower proportion of participants were classified as overweight or obese at some point in time (30.96%) as compared to BMI (49.39%). These results are displayed in Table 2
In the moderate needs group, there was a non-significant treatment effect with an estimated difference between groups of 0.00063 (p = 0.99) for BMI (Table 3). Therefore, the Housing First with ICM intervention did not have an impact BMI. Both treatment groups experienced a small (β = 0.87, p < .001), yet significant, increase in BMI from baseline to 24 months.
Similarly for waist circumference, there was a non-significant treatment difference (β = 1.01, p = 0.52) and a small (β = 0.81, p<0.001), yet significant, increase in waist circumference from baseline to 24 months. Housing First with ICM had no significant impact on waist circumference.
For the high needs group, there was a non-significant treatment difference of 0.91 (p = 0.34) for BMI (Table 3) and similar to the moderate needs group, there was a small significant difference in the BMI over the study period (β = 0.88, p = <0.001). The Housing First with ACT intervention had no significant impact on BMI.
For the waist circumference, there was a non-significant treatment difference of 2.10(p = 0.64). Both the intervention and control groups experienced a small, yet significant, increase in waist circumference from baseline to 24 months (β = 0.61, p = < .001). Correspondingly, the Housing First with ACT intervention did not significant impact on waist circumference.
The primary objective of At Home/Chez Soi was to measure whether or not a Housing First intervention could be successful in stably housing participants while improving a variety of health and social outcomes  . Therefore, additional data were collected at the Toronto study site to describe the basic health status of participants . Analysis of the health status data on weight at the baseline and the 24 month points illustrated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity status, determined by BMI and waist circumference, in study participants at both time points.
As previously noted, home-based food preparation, the use of psychotropic drugs, and substance use all impact weight status     . We hypothesized that the intervention could have a positive or negative impact on BMI and waist circumference. However, we found no significant difference between those who had received stable housing and those who had not, indicating that receiving housing and supports through the Housing First intervention was not associated with significant changes in BMI or waist circumference.
Our findings confirms that extreme poverty, which persisted in both groups regardless of housing status , also contributes to unhealthy weights  . Although the literature on homelessness and weight status is limited, there is a large amount of research that points to high rates of food insecurity and nutritional inadequacy in homeless and low-income populations   . Food insufficiency is one of the factors associated with poor health outcomes in the homeless population . A study conducted in Toronto reveals that meal programs supplied by charitable organizations are nutritionally inadequate and do not supply adults with enough fruits, vegetables, or dairy products . Decreased fruit and vegetable consumption contributes to overweight and obesity . Hot meal programs (e.g. soup kitchens, meals provided at drop-in centres and shelters) are frequently accessed by individuals who experience chronic homelessness, severe poverty, low-income, and shelter use.
Toronto is a service rich environment . In other words, regardless of housing status, participants are able to access a wide variety of programs which provide support for meeting basic needs. Although housed, participants who received the intervention continued to be low-income (Stergiopoulos et al., 2014 report). They may have continued to access hot meal programs and food banks, reserving their limited income to meet other basic needs and purchase other consumables. Future research should investigate what sources of food were accessed by this population both prior to and after receiving housing. In addition to food insecurity, persons living in poverty also have limited access to recreational programs that promote exercise and physical fitness . Participation in physical exercise contributes to weight loss in overweight or obese persons . Future work could analyze physical activity levels after receiving access to housing.
As this was one of the first studies to investigate the impact of Housing First on BMI and waist circumference, we were uncertain as to what the impact of the intervention would be on weight measures. The absence of a treatment effect indicates that providing homeless persons with stable housing and access to ICM and ACT treatments was not effective in reducing overweight and obesity in this population. This suggests the need to generate a better understanding of what resources (e.g. nutritional supports and recreational programing) are needed to assist Housing First participants with reaching and maintaining healthy weights. The persistence of high overweight and obesity rates in both the treatment and control groups suggests a need for policy and resource allocation to improve the quality of food provided to economically disadvantaged populations through hot meal programs and food banks. Low-income, homeless, and formerly homeless persons may benefit from an increased availability of low-barrier exercise and nutrition programs. Additionally, street outreach and shelter provider agencies may better assist clients in obtaining health weights by hiring staff nutritionists and recreation therapists. Increased general staff training on nutrition and exercise may also benefit clients.
Missing data for BMI and waist circumference and data attrition were limitations in this study. Fifty three participants had no BMI data at both baseline and 24 months and 263 participants were missing data at either baseline or 24 months. For waist circumference, 63 participants had no data at both baseline and 24 months and 259 had missing data at either baseline or 24 months. However, those with missing data were not substantially different from those for whom data were available. Additionally, significant differences were accounted for; therefore, the findings from our study retain generalizability. Participant attrition and non-response resulted in missing data. High attrition rates are common when conducting longitudinal research with vulnerable populations . Future researchers should focus on recruiting and maintaining larger numbers of participants to increase the statistical power of the models. Additionally, future research is needed to determine the factors that influence participation in weight-related measures in populations experiencing extreme marginalization.
The findings from this study indicate that Housing First interventions with both ICM and ACT supports have no significant impact on BMI and waist circumference. As this is the first study to investigate the impacts of Housing First on weight outcomes, additional research is needed to determine which supports are necessary and could be included to improve weight status in individuals who receive housing through Housing First interventions.
S1 CONSORT Checklist. Consort 2010: Checklist of Information to Include when Reporting a Randomised Trial.
S1 File. Adjusted Baseline Comparisons for participants with complete data for BMI (N = 242) and Waist Circumference (N = 239) at Baseline and 24 Months.
We thank Jayne Barker, PhD (2008–11), Cameron Keller (2011–12), and Catharine Hume (2012-present) (Mental Health Commission of Canada At Home/Chez Soi National Project Leads), the National Research Team, the five site research teams, the Site Co-ordinators, and the numerous service and housing providers, as well as persons with lived experience, who have contributed to this project and the research. This research has been made possible through a financial contribution from Health Canada. The views expressed herein solely represent the authors.
We would like to sincerely than Rosane Nisenbaum for her advice on the data analysis procedures.
We also acknowledge the ACHIEVE Research Partnership: Actions for Health Equity Interventions Strategic Training Fellowship funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Conceived and designed the experiments: SH VKS PO. Performed the experiments: SH VKS PO. Analyzed the data: JWM VM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JWM VM VKS. Wrote the paper: JWM VM VKS PO VS SH.
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Cost of living in Turin, Italy compared to Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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Cost of living in Turin (Italy) is 15% more expensive than in Albuquerque, New Mexico (United States)
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Swansea vs Tottenham Odds – Wednesday 5th April 2017 – 19:45
Swansea are 19/5 with the draw at 14/5 and Tottenham are 7/10
Betting tips and match preview | Premier League
Swansea welcome Tottenham to the Liberty Stadium this Saturday, with Spurs looking to make it six out of six.
The Swans drew their last game 0-0 against Middlesbrough, with the Swans missing the chance to move clear of the relegation zone.
Swansea will feel the more aggrieved of the sides, with the home side enjoying the better of the chances.
The Swans enjoyed the better of the possession (55.7%), they also had twice as many shots on target as Middlesbrough (15).
They converted very few chances though, with just three shots registered on target, compared with Hull’s one.
Ultimately with a game against Tottenham on Wednesday, it was a hugely disappointing result for Swansea.
Swansea have struggled in their last six matches, they have lost three fixtures during this time.
The Swans remain out of the relegation zone, they are now in 17th position in the table and just one point above Hull.
They are winless in their last three matches against Middlesbrough, Hull and Bournemouth three crucial matches against relegation rivals.
Swansea will be looking to continue their excellent record under Clement, with a win crucial to their survival hopes.
Big Test For Swansea
This match against Tottenham will be a huge challenge for Swansea, with Spurs in excellent form.
They come into this match as underdogs, but this match is another crucial game if they are to avoid relegation.
Swansea come into this match with a poor record against Tottenham. They have won 2, drawn 2 and lost 11 of their 15 meetings.
Tottenham come into this match on the back of a 2-0 win against Burnley, another excellent way win for Pochettino’s side.
It was an even affair for most of the match, but ultimately Tottenham were a class above Burnley.
Eric Dier (66), was the unlikely source who broke the deadlock, with the midfielder linked with a move to United in midweek.
A less unlikely source put the tie to bed, with Heung-Min Son (77) doubling Tottenham’s advantage.
Spurs Targeting Second
Tottenham have had an excellent league season so far, they tightened their grip on second with their win against Burnley.
They are in excellent form, they have won five and drawn one of their last six matches and a win here will be huge for Spurs.
Spurs have been excellent at both ends of the pitch, conceding just three goals and scoring 17 goals.
Mauricio Pochettino will have been delighted with their recent form, they will be looking to fight Chelsea on two fronts now.
Tottenham come into this match as favourites, with their excellent form informing the bookies.
This will be a tough fixture for Pochettino’s men, with Swansea battling against relegation.
Tottenham will be looking to make it 12 wins against Swansea, and to produce a similar result to the 5-0 earlier in the season.
Both teams are 8/11 on to score. The first goalscorer odds for Swansea are Fernando Llorente at 7/1 with Gylfi Sigurdsson at 15/2. For Tottenham, Heung-Min Son is at 4/1 with Dele Alli and Vincent Janssen at 9/2.
The last time that these two sides met Tottenham won 5-0 and the odds of the same result are 50/1.
Swansea vs Tottenham Odds
Tip 1 – Llorente to score first @ 7/1
Tip 2 – Tottenham to win 3-1 @ 12/1


text:
|Nutrition Facts (per serving)|
|Amount per serving|
|% Daily Value*|
|Total Fat 6g||7%|
|Saturated Fat 2g||9%|
|Total Carbohydrate 34g||12%|
|Dietary Fiber 4g||13%|
|Total Sugars 10g|
|Vitamin C 5mg||25%|
|*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a food serving contributes to a daily diet. 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.|
This easy to make party dish tastes best with fresh water chestnuts. If you have difficulty wrapping the 1/2 slice of bacon around the water chestnut, try cutting it in half again lengthwise.
Please note that while the preparation time for the water chestnut appetizer is quite short, they are marinated for 2 1/2 hours.
These appetizers can be prepared ahead of time and frozen before cooking. Placed in a sealed bag in the freezer, they should last for two to three months.
You will need 16 toothpicks for this recipe.
16 whole water chestnuts, fresh
1/3 cup soy sauce
1/3 cup brown sugar, or as needed
8 slices raw bacon, cut in half
Peel and rinse the fresh water chestnuts. (If using canned water chestnuts, rinse in warm running water and drain).
Soak the water chestnuts in the soy sauce for 2 1/2 hours.
Preheat the oven to 350 F. Remove the water chestnuts from the soy sauce and roll in the brown sugar. Wrap a piece of cut bacon around the water chestnut and secure with a toothpick.
Place the water chestnuts on a rack in a shallow pan. Bake for 30 minutes, turning them over once. (Alternately, they can be broiled for 5 to 6 minutes).
Glass Bakeware Warning
Do not use glass bakeware when broiling or when a recipe calls to add liquid to a hot pan, as glass may explode. Even if it states oven-safe or heat resistant, tempered glass products can, and do, break occasionally.


The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: May 21, 2010
PANalytical Introduces the 3rd Generation of Industrial X-ray Diffractometers
(Nanowerk News) PANalytical has launched CubiX3, the 3rd generation of its successful CubiX X-ray powder diffractometers range. Building on the company’s reputation for speed, reliability and reproducible analysis, the CubiX3 introduces new features such as high-intensity data collection as well as extra flexibility in sample handling for automated environments. X-ray diffraction has already reached significant importance as a process and production control method for powdered materials in many industries. Its initial investment is rapidly earned back because of the ease of operation, the independency of operators and the safety for the users, when compared to traditional methods like wet-chemical process control or microscopy methods. The CubiX3 range includes dedicated versions, tailored to the needs of those working in cement, minerals, pharmaceuticals or aluminium production.
Dr. Uwe König, Applications Specialist, XRD, highlighted the advantages of XRD analysis with the new CubiX3 range: “X-ray diffraction is recognized as the most efficient method of obtaining direct phase information for many types of materials. Results enable manufacturers to maintain consistency in the quality of their product while optimizing production speeds. CubiX3 is the fastest, most flexible and most accurate diffractometer available for production control. It yields a complete diffraction pattern up to 150 times faster than conventional detection technology”.
CubiX X-ray powder diffractometer.
PANalytical was the first X-ray solutions provider to bring ‘walk-up’ functionality to its line of XRPD systems. The Walk-Up software available for CubiX3 enables a user with no knowledge of XRD to enter urgent samples at any time, even if the diffractometer is already processing a routine batch; and automatically receive a report of results with no user input to the analysis. The Walk-Up / CubiX3 combination provides the perfect analysis tool for multi-user environments.
The CubiX3 supports the full analytical X-ray powder analysis methodology from classical data analysis up to full pattern cluster analysis for statistical data interpretation and pass/fail determination.
PANalytical is the world’s leading supplier of analytical instrumentation and software for X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), with more than half a century of experience. The materials characterization equipment is used for scientific research and development, for industrial process control applications and for semiconductor metrology.
PANalytical, founded in 1948 as part of Philips, employs around 900 people worldwide. Its headquarters are in Almelo, the Netherlands. Fully equipped application laboratories are established in Japan, China, the USA, and the Netherlands. PANalytical’s research activities are based in Almelo (NL) and on the campus of the University of Sussex in Brighton (UK). Supply and competence centers are located on two sites in the Netherlands: Almelo (development and production of X-ray instruments) and Eindhoven (development and production of X-ray tubes). A sales and service network in more than 60 countries ensures unrivalled levels of customer support.
The product portfolio includes a broad range of XRD and XRF systems and software widely used for the analysis and materials characterization of products such as cement, metals and steel, nanomaterials, plastics, polymers and petrochemicals, industrial minerals, glass, catalysts, semiconductors, thin films and advanced materials, pharmaceutical solids, recycled materials and environmental samples.


100% leak protection. Innovative period panties GENIAL!
This is not just another period pantie! It features feathery soft superior quality, breathable micromodal fabric, leak proof layer with cotton and our PATENTED double gusset with pockets on the sides to hide pad wings (in case you want to use it with the pad).
Outer layer and gusset: 95% TENCEL modal, 5% elastane. Certified by Oeko-Tex®.
Inner layer: 100% cotton covered with PUL (Polyurethane).
You can wear the panties for additional leak protection during your period when also using a tampon, pad, or menstrual cup. Alternatively, you can wear the panties without any additional protection when expecting a period or at the end of the period when bleeding is less abundant, if you wish to wear panties during abundant bleeding, you will need at least 2-3 panties to change during the day.
* Holds two tampons' worth of liquid
* May be used during the period for leak protection or light incontinence
* Perfect for day or night use
* Sustainably produced TENCEL™ micromodal with elastane is very thin, breathable, and gentle to your body
* PATENTED gusset area:
* double layer absorbs your flow while the underlying cotton layer wicks moisture and prevents period blood from seeping through the fabric
* wide gusset area stays close to your body and prevents leaks
* if you choose to use a pad, you can tuck in the wings inside the side pockets so they won't be seen on the outside.
* No annoying tags
HOW TO USE
It is recommended that you wash your panties with warm water and soap before the first use. Micromodal fabric is delicate and slippery; you may find that it's hard to secure your pad. After a few washes, the pad will stick better.
CARE INSTRUCTIONS. Pre-rinse in cold water for blood stains. Wash in cold or warm water by hand or in a washer with similar colors. Do not dry in a dryer. Do not boil. Avoid vigorous wringing.
Designed and patented in Europe. Made with sustainable TENCEL™ fabric. Manufactured in China.


text:
The GPS Module with Active Antenna – GT-U7 is made by open-smart and utilises the GT-U7 GPS receiver. The module also includes a USB serial interface which can be accessed via a micro USB connector or directly via its 2.54mm pitch serial TTL header (supplied header pin requires soldering). Out of the box, the module will automatically output GPS data in the standard NMEA format making it compatible with many types of hardware and software with no configuration required. The module is also supplied with a detachable antenna which connects to the module via a U.FL pigtail cable allowing the antenna to be located in the optimal position.
- Operating frequency: L1 (1575.42 +/- 10MHz)
- Operating voltage: 3.3-5.2Vdc
- Operating current: normal mode is 50mA, power-saving mode is 30mA
- Communication interface: TTL serial port, micro USB interface
- Serial Port Baud Rate: 9600bps
- Communication Format: 8N1
- Interface Logic Voltage: 3.3V or 5V
- External Antenna Interface: IPX.
- Module Size: 28mm x 27mm x 4mm
- Antenna Size: 15mm x 15mm x 7mm
- 1 x GT-U7 GPS Module
- 1 x IPX Interface Active Antenna


Search by tag
Number of hits: 6
More about Rebrake - the European cooperation for development of environmentally friendly car brakes
Since 1 March this year, the unit System and Component Design at KTH department of Machine Design, along with the Italian brake manufacturer Brembo SpA and the University of Trento (Italy) has been working to reduce harmful airborne particles that comes from the brakes on our cars.
Research activities on braking by friction
Professor Yannick Desplanques from Laboratoire Méchanique de Lille will be in charge of this seminar.
Numerical solution of wheel-rail contact and its application to rolling contact fatigue and wear
Doctor Zili Li of the Section of Road and Railway Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), will be in charge of this seminar.
Rust + water droplets = low adhesion on the track
The research results of Yi Zhu, Ph..D Student in Tribology, shows that ordinary rust together with high levels of humidity and low temperature can reduce the friction significantly in the tiny contact zone between steel rail and steel railway wheel.
Two disputations and two seminars
On the 22 November this year, two of the Ph.D. Students of System and Component Design will present their Ph.D.´s. The two are Yi Zhu and Saeed Abbasi, who both have researched in the field of Tribology.
Underwater kites could be next wave in clean energy
KTH Machine Design is currently involved in a major European effort concerning offshore and renewable energy technology up to this date.


text:
For one of the oldest and most iconic brands in history, September 10, 2016, marked the start of a new chapter. The opening of Royal Enfield’s North American showroom and headquarters. The showroom is housed in the historic Third Ward of the city of Milwaukee.
The opening of the new headquarters marked the company’s entry into corporate North America. Also, this marks Royal Enfield North America’s (RENA) strategic expansion in the region. The plan involves marketing, sales, house operations, warranty service, finance functions and dealership development for the North American business.
RENA’s presence in Milwaukee has made the city a new point of interest, as the North American offices of the oldest motorcycle manufacturers Harley Davidson and Royal Enfield have their home in the city. The RENA HQ is just a couple of blocks from the Harley-Davidson Museum.
Even though the showroom is not huge, it is well-organized and the company’s line of products is adequately presented. The residents of the town also seem to welcome Royal Enfield with open arms, as the outdoor display of bikes receives constant and steady traffic.
According to RENA president Rod Copes, the company is seeking to do things right, as opposed to quickly. Already, the company has 30 dealers in North America, with the goal being having 100 dealers in just one year. He also pointed out that they expected to have 25 people on staff at the Royal Enfield HQ.
Royal Enfield has proven successful in various parts of the world, including India, its home country, across Asia and Europe. The company has been working on increasing sales in the North American and UK markets, including opening its first exclusive London store in 2014. To celebrate this, the company participated in various classic motorsports events and even recreated the Top to Tip ride using its Continental GT motorcycles.

domain: news


text:
Metal Church singer Mike Howe has died at the age of 55. The band broke the news of his death, which came yesterday (July 26) on social media. Howe first fronted Metal Church from 1988 through 1995 and contributed to three albums: Blessing in Disguise (1988), The Human Factor (1991) and Hanging in the Balance (1993) and then retired from music and focused on raising a family while pursuing a career as a carpenter.
Volbeat have joined the “blacklist.” The hard rocking Danish outfit are among the musicians from across all genres paying tribute to Metallica’s legendary self-titled “Black” album, providing their own cover of “Don’t Tread on Me” for the highly anticipated Metallica Blacklist collection.
You can add Starset to the list of acts returning to the road in 2021. The space-focused outfit will be staging their latest round of demonstrations this fall in venues across the U.S. The trek launches on Nov. 3 in Asheville, North Carolina with the group carrying over tour dates into mid-December before concluding the run Dec. 18 in Cleveland, Ohio.
The Rock Report is sponsored by:


text:
Hyperhidrosis represents a special dilemma for children and teens, in whom it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, according to experts.
"There is not enough education in medical school, so many physicians are not as prepared as we would wish them to be when they encounter patients who have excessive sweating," according to Adelaide Hebert, MD, Chief of Pediatric Dermatology at UTHealth, Houston.
"So as a result, some of the patients are not listened to thoughtfully, dismissed, or given inadequate or incorrect therapy," Dr. Hebert said.
Data supporting the efficacy of many treatments for excessive sweating are based largely on studies of adults, but the situation may be improving. Recent surveys have drawn attention to the relatively high incidence and negative impacts of hyperhidrosis in pediatric patients. In addition, a growing body of research shows evidence that various treatment options used in adults may be safe and effective in younger patients.
However, the greatest challenge in clinical practice may be educating patients and clinicians about potential treatments for excessive or abnormal sweating. In one survey that reached 6,800 individuals with hyperhidrosis, only 38% reported that they had ever talked about their sweating with a healthcare professional.
Topical treatments, botulinum toxin, and even surgery have demonstrated promise in recent investigations focused on younger patients with primary hyperhidrosis.
Some of the latest data come from a subgroup analysis of two randomized, controlled trials evaluating glycopyrronium tosylate, an anticholinergic agent, as a topical treatment for patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis.
Efficacy results in pediatric patients (aged 9 to 16 years) were consistent with what was seen in adults, according to Dr. Hebert, who was an investigator on the study.
Patients were randomized to use towelettes containing anticholinergic medication, or a placebo. Among the pediatric patients who used towelettes containing the anticholinergic medication, 79.9% had a decrease in sweat production of 50% or greater, compared to 54.8% of controls, as previously reported by MedPage Today. Similarly, 74.3% of glycopyrronium tosylate-treated adults reached that threshold, compared to 53% of controls.
"The pediatric cohort tracked in concert with the adult findings, which I think is very reassuring, and really, that's what we hoped for," Dr. Hebert said in an interview.
Based on previously reported results from these studies, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted a new drug application for glycopyrronium tosylate.
Other anticholinergics such as glycopyrrolate and oxybutynin are often used off-label to manage excessive sweating. Dr. Hebert said she will sometimes have patients try glycopyrrolate. A glycopyrrolate oral solution is approved for treating chronic severe drooling in patients as young as 3 years of age with cerebral palsy or other neurologic conditions. "We know that this drug has been tested in very young children, and it's indicated to be safe," she said.
Dr. Hebert said she also has treated children as young as 13 years of age with onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), the only FDA-approved treatment for severe axillary hyperhidrosis in adult patients.
"It's been very, very effective to help them control the hyperhidrosis," she said. "The patient has very little to do except make the appointment and get the treatment done. They may have to wear deodorant in the axillary area, but other than that, they often are relieved of the burden of the hyperhidrosis."
Significant Clinical Problem
The available treatments could benefit a large population of children and teens, recent survey data suggest.
Nearly 1 in 5 teens suffer from excessive sweating, according to a 2017 survey from the International Hyperhidrosis Society. Based on a representative sample of U.S. teens, the survey showed that 17% of respondents experienced excessive and uncontrollable sweating.
The latest survey result is at least 7 times higher than previous studies that showed prevalence ranging from 1.6% to 2.4%, according to the society. The reported age of onset in the survey was 11 years, with one-quarter of participants reporting onset before 10 years of age.
That age of onset is relatively consistent with some other recent reports, including a different survey from the society of 1,985 adult men and women with hyperhidrosis. Similar to the teen survey, the majority of individuals reported childhood onset (less than 12 years of age) for palmar/plantar primary hyperhidrosis.
However, the adult survey also showed that one-third of respondents reported axillary hyperhidrosis starting before 12 years of age, suggesting that childhood presentation of axillary hyperhidrosis could be more prevalent than previously thought, according to authors of a report on the survey, who also cited a 2004 survey of 150,000 households in which the average age of onset was 22 years for axillary hyperhidrosis.
Considering the current statistics, Dr. Hebert said she is optimistic that more treatments for hyperhidrosis will be studied methodically in pediatric patients.
"The arena of hyperhidrosis, like many conditions in dermatology, is really coming of age, and there are such a large number of patients who suffer from it," she said.

domain: medical


Human stem cells successfully treat multiple sclerosis in mice
Steve Connor is the Science Editor of The Independent and i. He has won many awards for his journalism, including five-times winner of the prestigious British science writers’ award; the David Perlman Award of the American Geophysical Union; four times highly commended as specialist journalist of the year in the UK Press Awards; UK health journalist of the year and a special merit award of the European School of Oncology for his investigations into the tobacco industry. He has a degree in zoology from the University of Oxford and has a special interest in genetics and medical science, human evolution and origins, climate change and the environment.
Thursday 05 June 2014
Human stem cells have been used successfully to treat multiple sclerosis in mice. The treated mice were able to walk and run around normally while untreated animals continued to be paralysed by the disease, scientists said.
The researchers believe the findings are promising enough to move to clinical trials on patients in the hope of developing effective treatments for this incurable and progressively debilitating disorder of the nervous system, which affects about 100,000 people in the UK.
The study involved injections of stem cells derived from human embryos, which were compared with stem cells from adult bone marrow, which are already being used in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The embryonic stem cells significantly outperformed the bone marrow stem cells, scientists said.
The research was led by Xiaofang Wang from ImStem Biotechnology, based in Farmington, Connecticut, who said it was a surprise that the stem cells derived from adult bone marrow performed so badly in comparison to the embryonic stem cells.
Multiple sclerosis is caused by the destruction of the outer fatty, myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates individual nerve cells. The injected stem cells appear to stop the damage and help to restore nerve function, the researchers said.
The stem cells used in the study, published in the journal Stem Cell Reports, belong to a class known as mesenchymal stem cells, which normally form the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.
“Although there is currently no cure for MS, we are excited about the unique anti-disease abilities of these cells and feel that they may be well suited for the clinical treatment of multiple sclerosis,” said Robert Lanza, chief scientific officer of the Advanced Cell Technology, a Massachusetts-based biotechnology firm who collaborated in the study.
“The cells not only reduced the clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis but prevented demyelination, which disrupts the ability of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a wide range of symptoms in patients, including blurred vision, loss of balance, slurred speech, tremors, numbness, extreme fatigue, paralysis and blindness,” Dr Lanza said.
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Ed Miliband and Boris Johnson in angry clash live on BBC's Andrew Marr Show
Bali Nine executions: British grandmother on death row in Indonesia Lindsay Sandiford says she 'just wants to get it over with'
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The sickening truth about food banks that the Tories don't want you to know
Migrant boat disaster: Ukip candidate mocks victims in sickening Twitter post
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text:
Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
Chemistry and Pharmacology
Two NQR lines were observed for 35Cl in 2,5-dichloro-4-nitroaniline at room temperature, using a self-quenched super-regenerative spectrometer. Analysis of the Zeeman effect on the two lines using a cylindrical single crystal reveals that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system. The principal field gradient Z axes enclose an angle of 35° and 28° in the cases of the low and high frequency resonance lines, respectively. The b axis is parallel to 81°, 280°. The unit cell contains either two or a multiple of two molecules. The molecules in the crystal can be arranged into two sets, with the molecular planes in each set being parallel among each other. The angle subtended between the two planes is 159° and each of the planes is inclined to the b axis at an angle of 79.5°. There is an in-plane bending of the two C—Cl bonds by 5.5°. The ionic, single bond and double bond characters of the C—Cl bonds for both chlorines are almost equal, and are in the ratio 24:73:3.
Type of Medium:

domain: chemistry


text:
I heard something similar to this about a year ago with Bell Atlantic, and
nothing came out of it. Although I did send a comment, I'm not sure if Bell
Atlantic dropped the issue or if the FCC didn't approve.
>>> "Houston, Lewis, Mr, OPNBM/SETA"
mil> 01/14/98 06:11am >>>
I found this on the SkyWarn list and thought it of interest to
all. Does anyone
know if this FCC activity is for real?
> Subject: Internet, FCC
> I am writing you this to inform you of a very important matter
> currently under review by the FCC. Your local telephone company
> filed a proposal with the FCC to impose per minute charges for your
> internet service. They contend that your usage has or will hinder
> the operation of the telephone network.
> It is my belief that internet usage will diminish if users were
> required to pay additional per minute charges. The FCC has created
> an email box for your comments, responses must be received by
> February 13, 1998.
> Send your comments to * isp @
gov * and tell them what you
> Every phone company is in on this one, and they are trying to
> sneak it in just under the wire for litigation. Let everyone you
> know hear this one. Get the e-mail address to everyone you can

domain: law


text:
Hamilton Cinema Session Times
Running time: 2hrs 10mins
Imprisoned on the other side of the universe, the mighty Thor (Chris Hemsworth) finds himself in a deadly gladiatorial contest that pits him against the Hulk (Mark Ruffalo), his former ally and fellow Avenger. Thor's quest for survival leads him in a race against time to prevent the all-powerful Hela (Cate Blanchett) from destroying his home world and the Asgardian civilization...
The Cinema opens 30 minutes prior to 1st screening of the day.
Closed on Mondays and Tuesdays (Except during school holidays when we are open on Tuesdays)
Hamilton Cinema is owned and operated by Southern Grampians Shire Council

domain: entertainment