|Publication number||US5481617 A|
|Application number||US 08/137,138|
|Publication date||Jan 2, 1996|
|Filing date||Mar 1, 1993|
|Priority date||Mar 2, 1992|
|Also published as||EP0584346A1, WO1993018626A1|
|Publication number||08137138, 137138, PCT/1993/941, PCT/EP/1993/000941, PCT/EP/1993/00941, PCT/EP/93/000941, PCT/EP/93/00941, PCT/EP1993/000941, PCT/EP1993/00941, PCT/EP1993000941, PCT/EP199300941, PCT/EP93/000941, PCT/EP93/00941, PCT/EP93000941, PCT/EP9300941, US 5481617 A, US 5481617A, US-A-5481617, US5481617 A, US5481617A|
|Original Assignee||Bang & Olufsen A/S|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (32), Classifications (13), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present invention relates to a loudspeaker arrangement comprising
- a loudspeaker
- an input for receiving a signal
- means for boosting the amplitude of the signal received
- an amplitude detector for detecting amplitude changings in a signal part within a predetermined frequency range
- filtering means to selectively control the amplitude boost in dependence on an output signal of the amplitude detector so as to prevent overloading at strong levels of the boosted signal.
It is a commonly used technique to improve the bass reproduction in ordinary loudspeakers by providing extra amplification for the low frequencies of the signal supplied to the loudspeaker. The frequency characteristics of the loudspeakers drop within the bass frequency range. Through appropriate amplitude increase within this range, the loudspeaker diaphragm is forced to work with increased "pumping effect" within the range. This will straighten out some of the frequency characteristics. Even a comparatively small loudspeaker may then achieve a surprisingly good bass reproduction.
However, this technique has its limits, i.e., the loudspeaker ability to react correctly to rather strong intermediate signals, as the diaphragm has a limited operation stroke. If this is used to its maximum at a certain signal strength, overload will be the result if the signal becomes even stronger in periods. The same may apply to the matching amplifier and to the amplifier in question, which has been ideally adapted to the loudspeaker. It will have no purpose to let the amplifier handle signals, which the loudspeaker cannot reproduce anyway. It should therefore be accepted that such a loudspeaker system can only be operated to a certain limit, if a reasonably correct reproduction is required also of the strong signal passages.
However, it is already known that this may be subdued by detecting the signal level and adjusting the amplitude to gradually damp the increase as the signal becomes stronger. This may give a normally acceptable reproduction of too strong signals within a noticeable frequency range in falling continuation of the range in which the loudspeaker can reproduce correctly, as the signals in question will only be compressed progressively with the volume. In general a certain loudspeaker can work with increased volume without considerable overload in case of extra strong passages, as these will only be relatively attenuated.
The loudspeaker should be able to work with signal frequencies also above the range in which it is of current interest to carry out the amplitude increase mentioned. In this upper range, however, the loudspeaker can reproduce even the strong passages, which should not be attenuated by the influence of the amplitude detector. U.S. Pat. No. 4,327,250 discloses a solution for this problem. This is done by inserting a band pass or low pass filter in front of the detector unit, so that this does not react to strong amplitudes within the "undangerous" frequency range.
This is a simple solution, but with noticeable problems. When using the filter in question a certain time distortion of the signal arises, which delays the amplitude detection and its effect. The amplifier/loudspeaker unit may thus be overloaded for a short period before the detector reduces the signal level, which may be very audible. On the other hand the detector circuit may receive delayed information that a reduction has taken place within the level in question, which may result in a reduction to a level lower than wanted. In order to prevent this the adjustment speed can be reduced. However, this means that the risk of overload at the beginning of a strong passage increases due to the slowness within the adjustment system.
It is an object of the invention to provide for loudspeaker arrangement according to the opening paragraph, and which is known from the said document U.S. Pat. No. 4,327,250, without the disadvantages mentioned above.
According to the invention this object is achieved by a loudspeaker arranged according to the opening paragraph and characterized by the filtering means comprising a band pass filter with an input coupled to the output of the arrangement and differentiating filter for amplifying the signal received from the band pass filter corresponding to the signal attenuation caused by the band pass filter, and input of the amplitude detector being coupled to the output of the band pass filter for detecting said amplitude changes, an output of the amplitude detector being coupled to a control input of the band pass filter for selectively controlling the amplitude boost.
The signal-receiving band pass filter sends its output signal directly to the amplitude detector, which will, at strong signal passages, control the band pass filter appropriately to increase the lower cut-off frequency. The signal is thereby weakened in general in proportion with the "over strength" of the applied signal. The weakened signal runs through a filter, which is made for selective amplitude increase of the low frequencies just seen, and finally for carrying the signal through a differentiating step, which amplifies the whole signal to the same degree as it was attenuated in the signal-receiving band pass filter. The signal can thus be supplied to the loudspeaker in undistorted condition and with the wanted increase of the amplitude of the low frequency parts of the signal.
It is found that the amplitude detector can react instantaneously to a sudden increase of the signal strength, like a drum beat, so that the matching reduction is completed before the signal can cause any overload.
In the following description the invention is explained in details with reference to the drawing figures in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a prior art loudspeaker arrangement; and
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another loudspeaker arrangement according to the invention.
In the known prior art (see FIG. 2) represented by for example US-A 4,327,250, the amplifier signal is supplied to a high pass filter 2 with adjustable increase of the detected bass frequencies.
The output signal from this filter runs directly to the connected speaker LS as well as to a low pass filter 4, which only permits those signal frequencies to pass which lie within the lower "dangerous" range. Output 6 of this filter is connected to an amplitude detector 8, which is control-connected to the high pass filter 2 so that this increases the lower cut-off frequency at a demonstrated increase in the amplitude of the detected and filtered signal.
As illustrated by the transfer function curve above unit 2 this means that the amplitude increase of the low frequencies is deteriorated, the higher these frequencies are. This ensures that the loudspeaker LS can reproduce strong signal passages without mechanical distortions. However, filter 4 causes an adjustment delay, which results in the disadvantages mentioned. In an embodiment of a loudspeaker arrangement in accordance with the invention the invention, see FIG. 2, the signal receiving filter 2 is replaced by an adjustable band pass filter 10, which supplies its output signal directly to the amplitude detector 8, which detects the signal at its full frequency band width. Through its output cable 12 this detector makes BP filter 10 adjust the lower cut-off frequency, as illustrated by the transfer function shown above the filter. Through this function the general signal, complete with partial subdual of the lower frequencies, is attenuated by e.g., 6 dB per octave.
The signal is fed from an output cable 14 from the filter 10 to a filter 16. This filter permanently causes a selective amplitude increase of the incoming low frequency signals, while the remaining filter is linear as is illustrated by the transfer function shown above the filter 16.
From the filter unit 16 the signal runs to a differentiating circuit 18, where the general signal is amplified by e.g., 6 dB per octave so that the attenuation, carried out in the first filter 10 is now equalized. At the output from circuit 18 the total transfer function is shown. This is the sum of the functions from the three units 10, 16 and 18, and it appears that this function is just what was aimed at.
The amplitude detector 8 reacts immediately to the amplitude changes at the output of the BP filter 10. Tests have established that this may happen already during the first half period of a suddenly increased signal. The adjustment is therefore made so quickly that no audible distortion can arise. At decreasing signal strength the adjustment circuit carries out a slower, and potentially not a corresponding sudden, re-adjustment, for example stretched across 1-2 seconds. This makes it less audible that an adjustment is made. The basis for the simple solution, namely that the total attenuation and the following reamplification of the whole signal, cannot in itself be said to be an advantage, as it does not exactly improve a good signal/noise ratio, if it is carried too tar. It is therefore to be preferred to connect the loudspeakers directly in parallel with the illustrated signal line (see FIG. 3). A filter 30 for separating the low frequencies is placed in the direct connection. The low frequency components (e.g., 20-500 Hz) of the signal are supplied to the variable band pass filter 10. The high frequency components (e.g., above 500 Hz) are supplied to a signal adding circuit 31, which adds the high frequency components to the low frequency components received from differentiating circuit 18. The output of the adding circuit is supplied to the loudspeaker LS. Please note that the filter 15 can be placed in front of the BP filter 10, and it can also be placed after the differentiating circuit 18. The important fact is that the carrier functions of the units shown are added. Especially in case of large speakers, which already have a satisfactory bass reproduction, it may not be necessary to carry out the artificial amplitude increase. In that case the filter 16 can be left out. It may still be very relevant to work with the momentarily controlled adjustment of the lower limit frequency, and the units 10.8 and 18 form the basis for a system according to the invention.
As the total adjustment system should be carefully adapted to the loudspeaker used, it will be natural that the system is built into the loudspeaker cabinet, and it will thus also be natural that this includes a power amplifier in front of the input of the loudspeaker. However, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to this, as the system can also be placed in a separate amplifier unit.
|Cited Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4113983 *||Apr 20, 1976||Sep 12, 1978||Teledyne Acoustic Research||Input filtering apparatus for loudspeakers|
|US4327250 *||May 3, 1979||Apr 27, 1982||Electro Audio Dynamics Inc.||Dynamic speaker equalizer|
|US4503554 *||Jan 9, 1984||Mar 5, 1985||Dbx, Inc.||Stereophonic balance control system|
|US4622692 *||Oct 10, 1984||Nov 11, 1986||Linear Technology Inc.||Noise reduction system|
|US4746881 *||May 22, 1985||May 24, 1988||Nec Corporation||Equalizer for frequency independent and dependent transmission loss components with a pilot used for the frequency independent component|
|US4837832 *||Oct 20, 1987||Jun 6, 1989||Sol Fanshel||Electronic hearing aid with gain control means for eliminating low frequency noise|
|US4843626 *||Jul 10, 1986||Jun 27, 1989||Werrbach Donn R||Multiband limiter with automatic limiting threshold (ALT) compensation|
|US5208837 *||Aug 31, 1990||May 4, 1993||Allied-Signal Inc.||Stationary interference cancellor|
|DE2415816A1 *||Apr 1, 1974||Oct 9, 1975||Arndt Klingelnberg||Device reducing maximum load on loudspeakers - automatic load reduction is applied in certain frequency ranges|
|EP0287057A2 *||Apr 13, 1988||Oct 19, 1988||Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.||Automatic loudness control circuit|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US5629985 *||Sep 23, 1994||May 13, 1997||Thompson; Billie M.||Apparatus and methods for auditory conditioning|
|US5789977 *||Dec 16, 1996||Aug 4, 1998||U.S. Philips Corporation||Audio amplifier|
|US5937071 *||Sep 24, 1997||Aug 10, 1999||Yamaha Corporation||Sound field expanding apparatus with improved tone control system|
|US7016509||Sep 8, 2000||Mar 21, 2006||Harman International Industries, Inc.||System and method for varying low audio frequencies inversely with audio signal level|
|US7372966||Mar 19, 2004||May 13, 2008||Nokia Corporation||System for limiting loudspeaker displacement|
|US7474752 *||Aug 31, 2004||Jan 6, 2009||Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.||Audio frequency range adaptation|
|US7965852||Dec 13, 2005||Jun 21, 2011||Sony Corporation||Audio signal processing method and apparatus|
|US8019088 *||Sep 13, 2011||Audyssey Laboratories, Inc.||Low-frequency range extension and protection system for loudspeakers|
|US8059832||Dec 1, 2005||Nov 15, 2011||Sony Corporation||Audio signal processing method and apparatus|
|US8275152||Sep 25, 2012||Microsoft Corporation||Dynamic bass boost filter|
|US9185493 *||Oct 18, 2012||Nov 10, 2015||Dialog Semiconductor B.V.||Method and apparatus for computing metric values for loudspeaker protection|
|US9247342||May 13, 2014||Jan 26, 2016||James J. Croft, III||Loudspeaker enclosure system with signal processor for enhanced perception of low frequency output|
|US9319789||May 11, 2009||Apr 19, 2016||Tc Group A/S||Bass enhancement|
|US9414163 *||Jun 25, 2014||Aug 9, 2016||Neofidelity, Inc.||Amplifier capable of controlling cut-off frequency in real time and amplification method for controlling cut-off frequency in real time|
|US20040022400 *||Aug 9, 2002||Feb 5, 2004||Magrath Anthony J.||Bass compressor|
|US20050207584 *||Mar 19, 2004||Sep 22, 2005||Andrew Bright||System for limiting loudspeaker displacement|
|US20060115093 *||Dec 1, 2005||Jun 1, 2006||Sony Corporation||Audio signal processing method and apparatus|
|US20060159284 *||Dec 13, 2005||Jul 20, 2006||Sony Corporation||Audio signal processing method and apparatus|
|US20070098182 *||Aug 31, 2004||May 3, 2007||Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.||Audio frequency range adaptation|
|US20080175397 *||Jan 23, 2007||Jul 24, 2008||Holman Tomlinson||Low-frequency range extension and protection system for loudspeakers|
|US20090080675 *||Sep 21, 2007||Mar 26, 2009||Microsoft Corporation||Dynamic bass boost filter|
|US20110135113 *||Dec 1, 2010||Jun 9, 2011||Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.||Apparatus and method for increasing volumn in portable terminal|
|US20140086418 *||Oct 18, 2012||Mar 27, 2014||Dialog Semiconductor B.V.||Method and Apparatus for Computing Metric Values for Loudspeaker Protection|
|US20140146971 *||Jun 28, 2012||May 29, 2014||St-Ericsson Sa||Pre-Filtering for Loudspeakers Protection|
|US20150264481 *||Jun 25, 2014||Sep 17, 2015||Neofidelity, Inc.||Amplifier capable of controlling cut-off frequency in real time and amplification method for controlling cut-off frequency in real time|
|CN102098607A *||Dec 3, 2010||Jun 15, 2011||三星电子株式会社||Apparatus and method for increasing volumn in portable terminal|
|EP2541970A1||Jun 29, 2011||Jan 2, 2013||ST-Ericsson SA||Pre-filtering for loudspeakers protection|
|WO2002007308A2 *||Jul 3, 2001||Jan 24, 2002||Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.||Infrabass|
|WO2002007308A3 *||Jul 3, 2001||Sep 12, 2002||Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv||Infrabass|
|WO2002074013A2 *||Mar 6, 2002||Sep 19, 2002||Central Research Laboratories Limited||A method of modifying low frequency components of a digital audio signal|
|WO2002074013A3 *||Mar 6, 2002||Oct 30, 2003||Central Research Lab Ltd||A method of modifying low frequency components of a digital audio signal|
|WO2013001028A1||Jun 28, 2012||Jan 3, 2013||St-Ericsson Sa||Pre-filtering for loudspeakers protection|
|U.S. Classification||381/108, 381/107, 381/98|
|International Classification||H03G9/00, H04R3/04, H03G5/16, H04R3/00|
|Cooperative Classification||H04R3/007, H03G5/165, H04R3/04|
|European Classification||H04R3/04, H03G5/16E, H04R3/00C|
|Jul 31, 1995||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: BANG & OLUFSEN A/S, DENMARK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BJERRE, EGON;REEL/FRAME:007582/0458
Effective date: 19950612
|Jul 27, 1999||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Jan 2, 2000||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Mar 14, 2000||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20000102


text:
New Global Iodine Consumption Market 2023 Report Covers market forecast and top Companies like SQM, Cosayach, Ise Chemicals, Algorta Norte S.A., Godo Shigen and others.
Lewes, DE -- (SBWIRE) -- 12/07/2018 -- Global Iodine market will register a 3.6% CAGR in terms of revenue, reach US$ 1000 million by 2023, from US$ 810 million in 2017.
Iodine is, as a commercial product, solid and heavy like metal and has black-purple luster. It easily sublimates at the room temperature and has a peculiar odor.
Iodine is widely used in food, medicine, industry, agriculture, national defense, and many other cutting-edge technology industries.
In food industry-Iodine is used in the synthesis of sodium iodide, potassium iodate and other food additives, potassium iodate is widely used in iodized salt for eliminating of iodine deficiency disorders.
In pharmaceutical industry-Iodine is used for making the iodine preparation, the bactericide, the disinfectant, the deodorant, the analgesic, etc. such as tincture of iodine and used in the synthesis of potassium iodide, sodium iodide, iodine solution, iodinated oil; in addition, it has a special resistance to radioactive elements, synthesis of iodized oil can be used in X optical contrast agent.
In other industry--In chemistry, metallurgy industry, iodine and iodide are good catalyzer in many chemical reaction; in agricultural industry iodine is one of the important raw materials to make pesticides and used as fungicides, such as 4-4-IODOPHENOXYACETIC acid; in the dye industry, it's used in the synthesis of organic dye material; in the lighting industry, it's used for the production of making iodine-tungsten lamp, lamp with shade.
The global average price of Iodine is in the decreasing trend, from 35.28 USD/Kg in 2013 to 20.07 USD/Kg in 2017. With the situation of global economy, prices will be stable in the following years.
And base on the output of the Iodines, the classification of Iodine includes Saltpeter Minera Iodine, Underground Brine Iodine and Seaweed Iodine. And the proportion of Saltpeter Minera Iodine in 2017 is about 62%, and the proportion is in decreasing trend from 2013 to 2017.
Europe is the largest consumption place, with a consumption market share nearly 37% in 2017. Following Europe, Asia-Pacific is the second largest consumption place with the consumption market share of 29%.
Over the next five years, study projects that Iodine will register a 3.6% CAGR in terms of revenue, reach US$ 1000 million by 2023, from US$ 810 million in 2017.
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Iodine market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions.
To calculate the market size, study considers value and volume generated from the sales of the following segments:
Segmentation by product type:
Saltpeter Minera Iodine
Underground Brine Iodine
Segmentation by application:
X-ray Contrast Media
Iodophors and PVP-I
This report also splits the market by region:
Middle East & Africa
The report also presents the market competition landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/manufacturers in the market. The key manufacturers covered in this report:
Algorta Norte S.A.
Gather Great Ocean
In addition, this report discusses the key drivers influencing market growth, opportunities, the challenges and the risks faced by key manufacturers and the market as a whole. It also analyzes key emerging trends and their impact on present and future development.
To study and analyze the global Iodine consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2013 to 2017, and forecast to 2023.
To understand the structure of Iodine market by identifying its various subsegments.
Focuses on the key global Iodine manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
To analyze the Iodine with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
To project the consumption of Iodine submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
Spanning over 164 pages "Forecast of Global Iodine Consumption Market 2023" report covers Scope of the Report, Executive Summary, Global Iodine by Players, Iodine by Regions, Market Drivers, Challenges and Trends, Marketing, Distributors and Customer, Global Iodine Market Forecast, Key Players Analysis, Research Findings and Conclusion.
Please visit this link for more details: https://www.marketresearchreports.com/mrrpb2/forecast-global-iodine-consumption-market-2023
Find all Chemicals Reports at: https://www.marketresearchreports.com/chemicals
For related reports please visit: https://www.marketresearchreports.com/search/site/Iodine
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MarketResearchReprots.com is world's largest store offering quality market research, SWOT analysis, competitive intelligence and industry reports. We help Fortune 500 to Start-Ups with the latest market research reports on global & regional markets which comprise key industries, leading market players, new products and latest industry analysis & trends.
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domain: chemistry


text:
e Asia, Australia, introduced also in Central America, South America, Europe, Africa.
Genera 3, species ca. 36 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora).
Mazaceae, which includes Dodartia Linnaeus, Lancea Hooker f. & Thomson, and Mazus, was described in 2011 to accommodate these genera traditionally allied with Mimulus in the Scrophulariaceae. P. M. Beardsley and R. G. Olmstead (2002) suggested that the three genera belonged in a more broadly circumscribed Phrymaceae. Two subfamilies were proposed, but not published, to accommodate the alignment of Lancea and Mazus in a clade sister to the rest of the Phrymaceae. D. C. Albach et al. (2009) suggested that, on the basis of monophyly, Lancea and Mazus could not be included in the Phrymaceae or any other then-circumscribed family.
|Author||Richard K. Rabeler + and Craig C. Freeman +|
|Common name||Mazus Family +|
|Distribution||e Asia +, Australia +, introduced also in Central America +, South America +, Europe + and Africa. +|
|Illustration copyright||Flora of North America Association +|
|Illustrator||John Myers +|
|Source xml||https://firstname.lastname@example.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse grained fna xml/V17/V17 1257.xml +|
|Taxon family||Mazaceae +|
|Taxon name||Mazaceae +|
|Taxon rank||family +|
|Volume||Volume 17 +|

domain: literature


It is very good that a woman has power.
But before we get too excited about this, remember that Pelosi was secretly briefed on torture many, many years ago, and yet did nothing to stop those unlawful programs. Indeed, she egged the torturers on.
As the Washington Post revealed:Four members of Congress met in secret for a first look at a unique CIA program designed to wring vital information from reticent terrorism suspects in U.S. custody. For more than an hour, the bipartisan group, which included current House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), was given a virtual tour of the CIA's overseas detention sites and the harsh techniques interrogators had devised to try to make their prisoners talk.Moreover, Pelosi was secretly tipped off about warrantless spying on Americans. As constitutional expert Jonathan Turley said:
Among the techniques described, said two officials present, was waterboarding, a practice that years later would be condemned as torture by Democrats and some Republicans on Capitol Hill. But on that day, no objections were raised. Instead, at least two lawmakers in the room asked the CIA to push harder, two U.S. officials said."there is an obvious level of collusion here. We now know that Democratic leadership knew about the illegal surveillance program almost from its inception. Even when they were campaigning about fighting for civil liberties, they were aware of an unlawful surveillance program as well as a torture program. And ever since that came out, the Democrats have been silently trying to kill any effort to hold anyone accountable because that list could very well include some of their own members."Pelosi also hid from the 9/11 Commission and the American people the fact that the interrogations of 9/11 suspects were videotaped, and that the alleged "confessions" of those held at Gitmo were wholly unreliable. She could have stopped the whole farce cold -- but chose to go along with it.


BluRay PRO. IN STOCK DELIVERY 3 DAYS
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Blue Booster System
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Bridge support system: optional 4 Bridge support versions (60 to 228 cm tanks)
Osmotic pressure leveling valve: included
AirLink2 WiFi system: included
superCAP time keeping system: included
Data memory for sunrise/sunset, times and channels: included
Diffusion System card: included
Blue Booster System: included
Daily scenarios: up to 4 scenarios
Clouds effect: included
Lightning effect: included
Moonlight effect: included
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Sunrise and sunset: inclusive up to 240 minutes
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BluRay PRO - FAQ
What does the BluRay PRO package contain?
The lamp with its power cord, AirLink2 controller, power supply and suspension kit to hang it from the ceiling. It does not contain the ceiling attachment stops.
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The three channels are properly mixed so that you can use them from 1 to 100 percent of their potential without harming the animals; we do not recommend predefined percentages because depending on the type and
condition of the animals you have in your tank you can choose the spectrum that suits them best or best according to your personal taste.
Can I synchronize BluRay PRO to Silvermoon bars?
Yes all our products can be synchronized with each other, through the Sink cable you can connect the Airlink2 of BluRay PRO to the Powermoon of Silvermoons and through a simple procedure you can control everything together.
How can I connect via WiFi to BluRay PRO?
After searching your device for BluRay PRO's WiFi, connect by entering the alphanumeric password found on the back of the AirLink2; then open any browser by typing in the IP on the search bar
How do I turn on BluRay PRO?
After reading and following the instructions to connect the lamp cable to the AirLink2 and the latter to the power supply, only then can you plug it into the wall outlet. The lamp will emit a short flash and start working, turning on after a few seconds.
Why won't BluRay PRO turn on after it is properly plugged in?
BluRay PRO will turn on only if the time has been set and only if we are within the daylight phase at that time; for example, if it is 9 p.m. at that time and you will have set the sunset end time to 8 p.m., the lamp will correctly remain off.
Do UV LEDs hurt?
All of our LEDs are approved by photobiological certification, even the UV LEDs Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)


text:
Sketchnoting is a technique of creating creative notes using illustrations, symbols, and letters. It stimulates creativity, improves concentration, and enhances the retention of information. Its popularity has grown worldwide in recent years due to its numerous advantages, which can be utilized in work, school, and daily life. What is sketchnoting and when can it be […]
Finding perfect gifts can give a lot of headaches. Sometimes we just don’t know what to buy. Often, we want our present to be original and useful at the same time. Are you looking for interesting ideas for Christmas gifts? Here are couple ideas why our boards can be prefect as a Christmas gift.
Printed boards – is it worth personalising products? 🖼📐 In times of unlimited access to various products, we try to do not only well–thought-out purchases, but also look for items that will stand out with uniqueness. Buying traditional gifts is slowly being replaced by unconventional ideas, for example printed boards. Is it worth designing personalized […]
When looking for a place where we can spend our free time, we often follow the opinions on the Internet and the reputation of the place. We are looking for the perfect restaurant or venue. We finally have it! And a dilemma comes: make a booking / reserve a table, limiting the freedom to leave […]
Autumn evenings do not have to be boring! 🥱🍂 Many people, staying at home, wonder how to spend time more creatively? We come with ideas that will allow you to make evenings more fun in the privacy of your home. All the ideas that came to our minds are very simple solutions using our functional […]

domain: design


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5-20 | The COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately impacting the world’s most vulnerable. Among them are more than 70 million forcibly displaced people worldwide—refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people (IDPs), as well as migrant workers, including undocumented migrants.
5-19 | It is with great sadness that Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) confirms that a South Sudanese member of staff was killed and two more were injured during intense fighting that erupted over the weekend in and around Pieri, a town in Jonglei State in north-eastern South Sudan where MSF runs a primary healthcare centre. “We express our deepest sympathy and condolences to the families, friends and colleagues of our staff and all those affected.
5-14 | As COVID-19 continues to spread around the world, many people are unable to shelter in relative safety. With increased infection rates among homeless populations in Brazil, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) teams are adapting activities to provide aid to the most vulnerable.
5-14 | In the days following the attack to Dasht-e-Barchi hospital in Kabul, it has become clear that what happened in Kabul on 12 May was a deliberate assault on a maternity hospital with the purpose of killing mothers in cold blood.
5-13 | Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is devastated after yesterday's sickening attack on pregnant women, mothers and their babies at our maternity in Dasht-e-Barchi hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan.While pregnant women and babies were seeking healthcare, in one of the most vulnerable states in life, an unknown number of attackers stormed the maternity through a series of explosions and gunfire, lasting for hours.

domain: news


In the time since President Trump fired former FBI Director James Comey, one name has been at the center of the decision: Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein.
A new Washington Post report published late Wednesday states that Rosenstein threatened to resign because of the narrative that he was solely behind Comey's forced departure.
Trump's frustration with Comey reportedly came down to the intel official's persistent focus on discussing Russia during public events and not validating claims that former President Barack Obama had Trump's campaign wiretapped last year.
The commander in chief was ultimately motivated to terminate Comey a mere three-and-a-half years into his 10-year term for his refusal to end the federal investigation into Russia and the Trump campaign.
Trump decided last weekend while staying at one of his homes in Bedminster, N.J., that Comey needed to go.
On Monday morning, Trump told his top advisers — chief of staff Reince Priebus, chief strategist Steve Bannon and Counselor Donald McGahn, and others — that he had made his decision on Comey and was ready to move, but needed a reason to do so.
Trump brought in Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Rosenstein, who has worked in the Clinton and Bush administrations and was appointed United States Attorney for the District of Maryland by Obama.
According to the latest story, the two top U.S. attorneys were told to give reasons for the Trump administration's decision to part ways with the FBI director and did so.
However, this may understate Rosenstein's rule in the decision. As the Washington Examiner reported Tuesday, White House sources didn't say that his approval by the Senate was the thing that did in Comey, but they did say his arrival was one factor in the FBI director's removal.
Rosenstein was overwhelmingly confirmed by the Senate on April 25. Tappearancesrances, he didn't just reluctantly sign off on Comey's canning but wrote a forceful memo advocating it.
Rosenstein's rationale for the firing didn't toe the Trump line but rather held that Comey had badly bungled the investigation of Hillary Clinton's emails and indeed had mistreated her.


Cyber terrorism, maybe the Bush administration should put that on the top of their priorities list, alongside Iraq’s ‘weapons of mass destruction’, or know what, maybe governor Schwarzenegger can make a statement on national TV, addressing whomever falls under that title, maybe that’ll make an impression. In reality not many people will participate in anything that qualifies as genuine cyber terrorism, yet the term is pitched at any site defacement or dos attack.
But let’s put things back into perspective shall we, if you’re running your server wide open do you think someone with a point to prove will walk by and do nothing. It is pure statistics, at some point in time a insecure server will be compromised. Just to give you an analogy, suppose the bank you frequently visit has a backdoor which enables you to walk into the vault and walk back out with a bulk load of money, rest assured that someone will use this ‘exploit’ rather sooner than later, that’s why banks have security measures installed that prevent exactly these things from happening. A server, or even a home pc, connected to the internet is much like it, if there are any openings that will allow someone from the outside to take a peek inside, or worse, some people will give it a try, just like people rob banks even though security measures are in place.
Just as the bank invests in these security measures, so should network or server administrators, and make sure that the server can only by accessed for its intended purpose. However the mentality for a lot of the corporations that run internet connected servers is to rely on legislation and the police to safeguard them. That’s like putting a security guard right next to the backdoor at the bank. You can count on it that when he’s on lunch break, or off to the toilet, that someone will try to get into the bank and walk out with some money. The mentality amongst home users is to blame Microsoft for their ‘buggy’ software and point fingers at Bill Gates when their system is hacked from the outside, most of them just don’t bother to tell you that the last time they updated Windows was when they installed it about a year ago, so who’s to blame? That not only home users forget to patch their systems is a given, as even Microsoft was affected by one of the many worm attacks we’ve witnessed in the past few months. And the current situation with Valve and the exploit that allowed the HalfLife2 source code to be downloaded off of a machine on the local network is another prime example.
Valve too was quick to comment that a non-patched Outlook was to blame as an exploit was used that allowed the installation of keyloggers and eventually the leak of the source code. That’s easy, another jab at Microsoft, but now consider that this is coming from none other than Gabe Newell, who worked at Microsoft for 13 years according to the below bio at Valve’s website
, so you'd think he knows what works and what doesn't.
Gabe held a number of positions in the Systems, Applications, and Advanced Technology divisions during his 13 years at Microsoft. His responsibilities included running program management for the first two releases of Windows, starting the company's multimedia division, and, most recently, leading the company's efforts on the Information Highway PC.
But to put things back into perspective, and ask the question that'll matter most to Valve's investors and partners but more importantly the stockholders of Vivendi. Why is the source code for a game in development, already costing millions of dollars, residing on a system that could be accessed from outside? This is just like the backdoor at the bank, and there’s no excuse for a leak such as this, even if it is an attack targeted at Valve directly, something that was deliberately planned and executed. But wait, what if the leak was staged, and the hack done by someone that knows the internal network at Valve well, wouldn’t that be convenient?
Valve now has a legitimate reason to delay the game, a delay that they can blame on external influences, something which might not please their investors and partners, but at least something that they can’t be held accountable for. On top of that they get media coverage the world over with news networks such as CNN
and BBC tuning in to report on the most recent act of cyber terrorism. Food for thought and maybe a more plausible explanation than blaming it on the usual suspects, the cyber terrorists.


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Lecture 20 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (email@example.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on the pharmacological treatment of depression.
Goals• Serotonin (5-HT)• Major Depressive Disorder• Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder• Five + (1 or 2) causing significant social or occupational impairment not due to medical condition – 1) Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day – 2) Marked diminished interest or pleasure, in activities – 3) Significant weight loss/gain (+5%/month) – 4) Insomnia/hypersomnia – 5) Fatigue or loss of energy – 6) Diminished ability to think or concentrate – 7) recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal attempt/planAnna M. Kring, Ph.D. Lecture 14, 19:38-23:08
Edvard Munch (1863-1944) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)Despair (1894) Sorrowing Old Man (‘At Eternity’s Gate’) 1890
MDD• Episode = 6 months• Female: Males (2:1)• Age of Onset (younger)
Role of 5-HT in MDD• Methods: 15 un-medicated women with a history of 2+ episodes of depression were on a low protein diet for 1 week, then randomly assigned to receive: – Tryptophan + : L-tryptophan (1.9 g), L-alanine (4.6 g) L-arginine (4.1 g) – Tryptophan - : L-alanine (4.6 g) L-arginine (4.1 g)
Hamilton Depression Inventory http://www.psy-world.com/online_hamd.htm
Ham-D Max Hamilton 1912-1988http://www.psy-world.com/online_hamd.htm
Serotonergic Projects• Cell bodies in Raphe• Projections throughout CNS
5-HT Functions Brain stem NauseaSpinal Cord Sexual dysfunction Modified from Stahl (2001) p. 182
5-HT Functions Limbic AnxietyBrain stem Insomnia Modified from Stahl (2001) p. 182
5-HT FunctionsFrontal Cortex MoodHypothalamus Appetite (Bulimia?) Modified from Stahl (2001) p. 182
Fenfluramine• Fenfluramine is a 5-HT releaser that was used with phentermine for weight control• Animal studies indicate fenfluramine causes 5-HT axotomy• Methods: Former fenfluramine users (N=15) and controls (N=17) completed PET imaging McCann et al. (2007). Molecular Imaging & Biology, 9, 151-157.
5-HT1A Agonist: 8-OH-DPAT• Example#1: Rats received MDMA from age 35 to 60• A 8-OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin) challenge was administered at age 67Piper et al. (2006) JPET, 317, 838-849.
5-HT2A Agonist: DOI • Example #2: Rats received MDMA from age 35 to 60 • A DOI (di-methoxy-4-iodophenyl)- 2-aminopropane) challenge was administered at age 67Biezonski et al. (2009) Brain Research, 1252, 87-93.
MAO-Is• Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that breaks down 5-HT, NE, & DA
MAO-Is• Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that breaks down 5-HT, NE, & DA; peak use in 1970s• Food Interactions: – Tyramine: amino acid breakdown product of tyrosine, doesn’t cross BBB but causes norepinephrine release – Tyramine rich foods (aged cheese, beer, wine) + MAO-I results in increased blood pressure & headaches (“cheese effect”)
MAO-Is• Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme that breaks down 5-HT, NE, & DA• Food Interactions: tyramine foods (aged cheese, beer, wine) results in increased norepinephrine (blood pressure)• Drug Interactions: increased activity of drugs that elevated 5- HT, NE, DA (cocaine, hypericum, ritalin)• 1st generation were irreversible inhibitors (1960s), 2nd generation are reversible inhibitors
Tricyclic Antidepressants• Developed from antipsychotic drugs• Have 3 ringed structure
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors• Prozac (fluoxetine) was the original SRI• Greater affinity for SERT than NET• Not Selective (sigma receptors, CYP2D6)• Anorgasmia
Comparison MAO-Is TCA SSRIsEfficacy Moderate Moderate LowSide-effects “cheese effect”, orthostatic Sexual, many drug hypertension, OD Discontinuation interactions SyndromePrevalence very low low highMechanism 5-HT, NE, DA 5-HT & NE 5-HTTherapeutic Lag Yes Yes Yes
Other Mechanisms of Antidepressants• 5-HT2• Intracellelar (e.g. cAMP)• Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Cortisol• The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis control release of the stress hormone cortisol.• As many as half of depressed patients show elevations in cortisol. Drugs that turn off the HPA axis are ineffective. Belmaker & Agam (2008). New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 55-68.
Structural Changes following Elevated Cortisol?• Rat research indicate that persistent increases in cortisol are toxic to hippocampal neurons.• Studies examining the volume of the hippocampus in MDD were inconsistent.• A meta-analysis showed that the left (-4.5%) and right hippocampus (-4.0%) showed reductions. Cole et al. (2011). J of Affective Dis 134, 483-487.
Antidepressants & Neurogenesis • New neurons are produced in the hippocampus in adultsECS: electroconvulsive therapy; TCP: trancyclpromine (MAO-I), or Reboxetine (SNRI)Mahlberg (2000). J Neurosciece, 20, 9104-9110.
Electroconvulsive Therapy• The most effective treatment for MDD (especially high suicide risk)• Controversial!• Potential memory loss• George, David T. (2011). Electroconvulsive therapy. Starts at 54:50: http://videocast.nih.gov/Summary.asp?File=16674
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy• Short, evidence based, therapy• Developed by Aaron T. Beck• Instruction in how thoughts & feelings influence behavior 1921-
CBT + Medication• Patients randomized to receive Nefazodone (5- HT2A/1 antagonist), CBT, or both for 3 months Nef CBT Nef +CBT Completers 69.5% 72.2% 76.5% No Response 44% 48% 15% Remission 22% 24% 42% Keller et al (2000). New England J of Medicine, 342, 1462-1470.
Diagnosis of Bipolar• Bipolar I: • Bipolar II: – manic episode – Hypomanic Episode – depression not – major depressive episode required – not due to recreational – not due to drugs recreational drugs
Example of Mania• Lifetime prevalence: 1%• 1st Minute: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcl09ztmo Dw
National trends in visits with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder as a percentage of total office-based visits by youth (aged 0-19 years) and adults (aged >= 20 years) Moreno, C. et al. (2007). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 64, 1032-1039.
Bipolar Disorder Many great writers, poets, and composerssuffered from bipolar disorder. During theirmanic phase creativity surged, but not during their depressed phase. George C. Beresford/ Hulton Getty Pictures Library Earl Theissen/ Hulton Getty Pictures Library The Granger Collection Bettmann/ CorbisWhitman Wolfe Clemens Hemingway
Treatment• Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3)• John Cade, Australian psychiatrist, on giving lithium to guinea pigs: – “After a latent period of about two-hours, the animals, although fully conscious became extremely lethargic and unresponsive to stimuli for one to two hours before once again becoming timid and active. Those who have experimented with guinea pigs know to what extent a ready startle reaction is part of their makeup. It was even more startling to find that after the injection of a solution of lithium carbonate they could be turned on their backs and that, instead of the usual frantic righting behavior, they merely lay there and gazed placidly back at him.”
Depression & Pregnancy • Drug treatment & pregnancy is a tough decision. • Depression may also occur Post-partum.Payne, Jenifer L. (2011). Clinical care of Major Depression duringpregnancy. Starts at 31:20: http://videocast.nih.gov/Summary.asp?File=16674

domain: psychology


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As examples, the female swordtail and guppy will both give birth to anywhere from 20 to 100 live young after a gestation period of four to six weeks, and mollies will produce a brood of 20 to 60 live young after a gestation of six to 10 weeks.
How do you know when fish have babies?
As your female fish becomes pregnant, she will grow a bulge at the back of her abdomen. This typically appears over the course of 20-40 days. Does your fish have a red or black spot? Sometimes, when a female fish is pregnant, she will develop a “gravid spot” on the abdomen.
How long does a Molly stay pregnant?
As I’ve mentioned above, mollies are usually pregnant for a period anywhere from 20 to 40 days (average 30 days). Of course, that would be how long they’ll last from conception to birth. But before this period, there is usually a courtship period between the male and female molly, which can last another couple of days.
When will my Molly give birth?
The gestation period of a molly fish is around 60 days. Female mollies can store sperm for months and may fertilize eggs as often as every 30 days, even when no male is present in the tank. Mollies may release 10 to 60 live fish at a time.
How do you tell if your fish is pregnant or just fat?
Carrying Eggs – One reason your fish may appear slightly bigger is because it is carrying eggs. If your fish is a female, is not overly fat, and is normal in most other regards, this is a very high possibility. Another indication is if your fish has an enlarged vent; this is where the eggs will come out.
Can mollies and guppies breed?
Potential cross breeding between guppies and mollies
These adult fish are not fertile and will not reproduce. Sadly, most babies from the guppies and mollies will die before, during or shortly after they are born. Both guppies and mollies can carry sperm for a long time after reproducing.
Will Molly fish eat their babies?
It is because the mollies are very nippy and tend to become very aggressive eater. They will eat almost anything that fits in their mouth. The new born babies are very small just about the size of a pellet food which is why molly are seen eating their own babies after giving birth.
How many babies can a Molly have?
Gestation and Birth
Female mollies will gestate their young for about 60 days. They can give birth to between 40 and 100 fry. Mollies that are young or are having one of their first few pregnancies will tend to give birth to a smaller rather than larger number of fry.
Can mollies change gender?
Mollies are not able to change gender. The gender of these fish is determined by their genetics so it is impossible for them to change sex.
How can you tell if a Molly is a male or female?
However, the most accurate way to distinguish male mollies from female mollies is to examine the anal fin, located on the underside of the body, between the pectoral fins and the tail. Those possessing fanlike anal fins are females.
How long are goldfish pregnant before laying eggs?
After release and fertilization, goldfish eggs hatch in two to seven days. In water at 84 degrees Fahrenheit, fertilized goldfish eggs hatch in 46 to 54 hours; in water at 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, they hatch in five to seven days.
Will my goldfish have babies?
Do goldfish give birth to live young? … “, goldfish don’t actually give birth to “live” young that swim away as soon as they are born. Goldfish lay eggs, which attach to objects in the tank or pond, such as leaves, and stay there until the goldfish babies (or “fry”) hatch.
How do you know if fish are mating?
Signs that your goldfish are ready to mate include white spots along the gills of the males, and the female will become fatter and more rounded. The male will then chase the female around the tank to encourage her to release her eggs.

domain: pet


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LEGO Creator 3 in 1 Helicopter Adventure
At a Glance
- Enjoy 3 building opportunities with this LEGO® Creator 3in1 set. Build the Helicopter Adventure model and then rebuild into a Power Boat or a Glider Plane for more high-speed fun.
The Helicopter Adventure features a high-tech helicopter with a tinted cockpit, large engines, adjustable landing gear and spinning rotor.
Check out the helicopter's fresh green, yellow and black color scheme.
Take control and head to the skies for Helicopter Adventures!
What's in the Box
Expert Sales Advice
Have a question? Get an answer from one of our experts.
See availability »

domain: hobby


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Published: Tuesday, January 16, 2007 at 3:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Monday, January 15, 2007 at 11:00 p.m.
I read where the Board of Education wants to hire a PR person. Didnít they just hire a young lady for $50,000 a year? She used to be on TV. Why do they have to hire someone to promote the school system? I hope the board members vote against this.
Teachers need to realize that not all students have computers or have access to one. Many families cannot afford a computer at home, therefore some of the homework and project assignments are just unrealistic for these kids.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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I've been on quite the roll making cute little Valentine projects and I couldn't resist buying this latest set from Taylored Expressions called Will You Be Mine to make for my special honey. It's just soooo cute and these little penguins are absolutely adorable!!! I always need some kind of sounding board to create, so I used two challenges from Splitcoast to begin my card-making journey. :) First off was the Free For All Challenge to use at least one warm color and something fuzzy.
So my warm color was brown to "ground" the sweet couple and my fuzzies are the pink sparkly fluff bow and necklace that was provided in the Valentine Project Pantry. As a matter of fact...all my supplies came from the Project Pantry because it's just so darned cute!
The card sketch here came from the latest Sketch Challenge #317. It's kind of hard to see, but my red cardstock panel was dry embossed with the new Hearts Impressions Plate and it looks soo lovely and adds some gorgeous texture to an otherwise plain piece of cardstock! I used the Scalloped Eyelet Border Die at the bottom of the same panel. I colored entirely with Copics and used the airbrush system for the background sky.
Here are some better views of the products that I used!
And that is all she wrote for today! I'll be busy for the next while preparing for the Taylored Expressions February release starting next Tuesday....can you believe February is already almost here?!?!?!
Have a great one and thanks so much for your visit!


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A concerning number of teenagers in the U.K. have inadequate levels of vitamin D, a new study claims.
Academics from the University of Surrey in collaboration with colleagues from the University of Copenhagen and University College Cork have found that many adolescents aren’t getting enough of the vitamin through diet or exposure to sunlight.
Vitamin D optimises calcium absorption and therefore plays an essential role in bone mineralisation and skeletal development. Since most rapid bone growth occurs during the adolescent years, it is vital that teenagers have sufficient levels of vitamin D in order to achieve peak bone mass by late adolescence.
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to vitamin D deficiency, and previous studies have shown that vitamin D levels decrease during puberty, possibly because teenagers are less likely to spend time outdoors than younger children.
In the trial, 110 male and female adolescents were given varying levels of vitamin D3 supplements, while some were given a placebo supplement, for a 20 week period during winter.
The findings showed that vitamin D intakes of between 10 and ~30 ug/day are required to maintain an adequate level of vitamin D and to avoid deficiency.
Lead author Dr Taryn Smith said that vitamin D plays an essential role in bone growth during adolescent years and is believed to contribute to reducing age-related bone loss in later life. Her team is also investigating further ways vitamin levels can be boosted in this demographic.
“The project is investigating ways of improving vitamin D intake through the diet – and since it is difficult to obtain vitamin D intakes of over 10 ug/day from food sources alone, (we’re) looking at ways of fortifying our food to improve the vitamin D levels of the U.K. population as a whole,” she said.
The study was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
© Cover Media


Band : Robn Guthrie
Venue : Le National
Town (country) : Montreal, QC (Canada)
Date : June 3rd 2011
Grade : 3/5
Comments : After his show at ATP, I was quite happy to see Robin Guthrie again. Tonight sounded pretty much like the set he played at ATP but with the addition of a bass player and drummer. The drummer was quite annoying to watch and didn't really add anything interesting to the music. The show was a bit disappointing, seeing as the video projections were also the exact same DVD as last time.


In today’s culture it’s common to define oneself by financial status and external achievements. As a society we’re driven by the American dream and bettering our situations for our children and ourselves.
Yet, for all the abundance money represents, it is also notorious for bringing up fears and shining a spotlight on inadequacies.
We feel as bad for what we don’t have as we feel good about what we do.
I was watching an interview on television one day with Oprah Winfrey and J.K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter books. Both of these women are billionaires with more than enough money to last a lifetime, yet both admitted at times they fear losing it all. Both still work extremely hard in their respective fields. In fact, as of this writing, the final Harry Potter movie had just pushed the franchise past the $7 billion mark.
Lynne Twist, author of The Soul of Money, found the same fears in her work with the affluent.
She discovered “where wealth and privilege are the prevailing conditions, and money defines life and character, the fear of losing it is often profound.”
Imagine being a billionaire and not feeling like it is enough. I admit it made me feel better about my constant pursuit for more. Perhaps it is simply human nature.
What do you think?
Do you think it’s human nature to always want more, or to fear losing it all? Or, do you believe we have simply been conditioned to believe this? Have you ever felt comfortable with the amount of money you have, or do you still feel fearful regardless of how much you have? Do you believe that if you only had more your life would be better? I’d love to hear your perspective. Please post a comment and share.
Excerpted from “Breaking the Spell: The Truth about Money, Success, and the Pursuit of Happiness”


World News: 14:00 GMT Tuesday 11th December 2018. [Investing News Network via Globe Newswire via SPi World News]
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Earlier this year, Elon Musk announced that some Twitter users will be eligible to earn money via ads on the social platform. Now, popular creators are finally getting an update as money will be coming “within the next 72 hours.” The revenue sharing program essentially allows Twitter Blue subscribers to earn portions of ad revenue from advertisements placed in the replies to tweets.
According to The Verge, payouts so far range from a few thousand dollars for creators with a modest amount of followers to a staggering $40,000 for those with millions of followers. Twitter says it will expand eligibility to more creators later this month.
It’s not clear yet how much of the revenue cut Twitter keeps for itself and how much goes to creators, though accounts need to have amassed at least five million impressions in the last three months in order to start seeing the results. Musk stated that payouts are cumulative going back to February this year when the program was first announced.
Some creators have received the following message from Twitter Monetisation:
“Surprise! We’re delighted to share a portion of our ads revenue generated from your Tweets’ replies with you. We want to make sure you can benefit from your posts as a Creator, and this is yet another step towards that goal. You will receive your share via the Stripe account you used to register for Creator Subscriptions in the next 72 hours.”
This has raised some valid concerns about the platform now being exploited for the sake of farming engagements, whether it’s through attempts to make controversial content go viral or creators increasing content output to drastically raise its impressions. We’ll just have to see how it plays out in the coming months.
However, Twitter’s main new competitor Threads from Meta has already managed to secure 100 million subscribers in its first week as Twitter traffic has seen a drastic drop over the last few months.
Source: The Verge


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If you are an avid gardener, monsoon is the second most awaited season in your gardening calendar and for some of us it contends for the first place with spring and also wins. Monsoon is a boon for tropical gardeners, it’s the time where you make yourself a cup of coffee and watch nature work her magic on your garden.
Monsoon brings a much-needed respite after the hot sweltering summer months when the plants endure the heat waiting for the dip in the temperature and cool breeze. The rainy season makes the green brighter and the blooms lovelier. The rainwater provides nourishment that regular tap water can only dream of, then the entire garden is anew with new fragrances, colors, and sounds.
While monsoon is loved by plants and animals alike, it’s the tropical and temperate climate plants that enjoy it the best. The tropical plants love the fresh humidity-laden air, it gives them a new burst of life. It’s the desert plants who love the draught more than they love the water, who suffer. Monsoon plants are all humidity-loving plants that do well in high moisture environments. Some monsoon flowering plants are as follows:
This beautiful flowering plant variety has a number of flowering plants under it. It is a perennial flowering plant with white flowers in different sizes and shapes with amazing fragrance. The flowers are used extensively in making oils and fragrances across the world. The jasmine flower thrives in the monsoon season.
These tropical flowering trees are not only beautiful to look at but bring an impressive ornamental value to your garden, with their uniformly spreading branches and tiny blooms in white and yellow, sometimes red. Also known as the frangipani flowers, these plants appreciate ample light and good humidity and they flourish in the rains.
3. Zephyranthes Lily
More famous as the rain lily, these beauties are sprinkled across the country spreading joy. Extremely easy to grow, they function like ornamental grass in planters throughout the year and sprout flowers in the rainy season. These happy blooms are some of the best rainy season flowers.
Hibiscus or shoe flowers are large trumpet-shaped showy flowers on an evergreen shrub. One of the simplest and most common rainy season flowers in India. They love ample light with a well-draining soil mix that allows their root system to thrive. The hibiscus flower attracts a lot of butterflies and hummingbirds to the garden making it a favorite of the pollinators.
The most quintessential Indian flower of the bunch, the marigold is synonymous with Indian gardens, rituals, and decor. It’s a low-maintenance plant that will add a bright splash of color to your garden and also attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. The whole process from sowing seeds to blooming happens within 8 to 9 weeks.
Also known as oleander, the plant can be grown year-round with very little care. It’s only the winter season when the flowers stop blooming. The ideal planting time for oleander or Kaner is spring or monsoon season when the air is fresh and humid.
The Nithyakalyani or the Sadaphuli is a perennial groundcover that blooms profusely through the year with very little care. The periwinkle comes in a variety of colours from whites to pastels to bright reds and pinks. The leaves are a glossy dark green that shines brighter and becomes lusher in the monsoon season.
Portulaca or the moss rose is colloquially also known as the china rose in India. This flowering groundcover variety comes in a whole rainbow of colours and grows rapidly to cover vast expanses. They also look exceedingly great in hanging planters with light as feather flowers swaying gently in the breeze. These flowers grow profusely in the monsoon season.
More popularly known as the spider flower, the bee plant, or the spider plant. A tall spiky shrub with fragrant flower clusters at the head, they bloom profusely in the monsoon season. Cleomes are also great additions to the vegetable garden as they attract helpful insects and also repel harmful insects.
The balsam plant grows in a variety of conditions from sun to partial shade and is a beautiful flowering annual. It is easy to grow and widely available across the country. Belonging to the larger variety of impatiens, the balsam loves moist well-drained soil and does best in partial shade.
Get these monsoon plants for home. One of the best places to buy good-quality flowering seeds online is Ugaoo.

domain: agronomy


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Bally slot machine repair
Bally slot machine repair
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Control and surrender have to be kept in balance. That's what surfers do—take control of the situation, then be carried, then take control. In the last few thousand years, we've become incredibly adept technically. We've treasured the controlling part of ourselves and neglected the surrendering part.
> McLuhan coined and certainly popularized the usage of the term "surfing" to refer to rapid, irregular and multidirectional movement through a heterogeneous body of documents or knowledge, e.g., statements like "Heidegger surf-boards along on the electronic wave as triumphantly as Descartes rode the mechanical wave."
“I was made for the library, not the classroom. The classroom was a jail of other people’s interests. The library was open, unending, free.”
— Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me
A student makes hundreds of pages of photocopies and takes them home, and the manual labor he exercises in doing so gives him the impression that he possesses the work. Owning the photocopies exempts the student from actually reading them. This sort of vertigo of accumulation, a neocapitalism of information, happens to many. Defend yourself from this trap: as soon as you have the photocopy, read it and annotate it immediately. If you are not in a great hurry, do not photocopy something new before you own (that is, before you have read and annotated) the previous set of photocopies. There are many things I do not know because I photocopied a text and then relaxed as if I had read it.

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Common name: Goldfish Plants, Flying Goldfish Plants
Distribution and habitat: Columnea microphylla are tropical plants from the cloud forests of Costa Rica. In wild, they grow as epiphytic plants where they straddle rotten tree trunks or are tucked in the crevices of boulders, perching anywhere that vegetable debris has accumulated. In their natural habitat the roots are supplied with continual moisture and excellent drainage assures they never stand in water. These plants come from higher altitude where they have developed strong seasonal habits, responding to a cool conditions period (unlike most of the rest of the species in the genus) in order to flower abundantly.
Description: Columnea microphylla is a spectacular spring flowering plant with thin, trailing and branching stems, up to 2.5m (8 feet) long which are densely covered with brownish red hairs. The stems carry nearly overlapping pairs of equal size, almost round, dark green leaves up to 1.5cm (0.5 inch) in diameter; these too are densely covered with reddish hairs. Flowers, carried singly on tiny stalks, bear hairy calyxes, which are green tinged with red. Flower corollas are bright scarlet with yellow throat and are up to 9cm (3.5 inch) long. The flowers are produced from leaf axils, with a five-lobed calyx and striking in shape. Each tubular corolla flares into five differently shaped lobes. The two upper lobes are joined together to form a down-curving hood above the others. As the flower opens, its stamens can be seen just under the outer end of the hood and later the stigma also projects beyond the hood. It is the shape of the colourful open flowers that given Columnea microphylla the common name of golden-fish plant, for from some angles the flowers resembles a head-on view of a fish. Up to 100 flowers may bloom simultaneously on one large plant and each flower can last for four weeks. The flower is followed by an attractive, often white berry cupped within the calyx.
This plant looks best when it is allowed to trail down from a hanging basket. It is important to prune this plant after flowering
Houseplant care: Columnea microphylla are easy to grow under indoor or greenhouse conditions and require bright light, good air circulation and a well-drained growing medium that is allowed to dry out slightly between waterings.
Pruning and propagating is possible in any season. Prune back old stems severely after the flowering season to encourage new growth.
Light: Columnea microphylla like bright light without direct sunlight. These plants need the short day-length of winter in order to produce flowers. If such plants are being grown in artificial light, it should be adjusted accordingly.
These plants are one of the few groups of flowering plants which can be grown in an eastern or northern exposure and thrive. Fluorescent lights are also suitable, with no more than 12 to 14 hours of artificial light daily.
The baskets of Columnea microphylla plants may be grown outdoors in shaded areas during the summer. Place them in bright places but in the shade, always away from direct sunlight and drafts dry or cold.
Temperature: Normally warm room temperatures 18-30C (64-86F) are right for Columnea microphylla plants during the active growing period. These plants set buds in autumn. In the native lands, they are subjected to substantially lowered nighttime temperatures at this time of year, often a 5.5C (10F) drop from day to evening. In cultivation the plants react favorably when given an autumnal diversity in climate.During the winter they need to be somewhat cooler 13-18C (55-64F) to promote flowering in spring.
In the rain forests where Columnea microphylla plants dwell, humidity remains constantly high. These plants require high humidity - 50% humidity - at all times. Stand pots on trays of moistened pebbles and mist spray plants in hanging baskets once a day. Water for spraying should be at room temperature. If cold water is sprayed, it can result in unattractive brown leaf stains. A humidifier remains the most effective means of increasing moisture.
Watering: Although they need high humidity around leaves, Columnea microphylla cannot tolerate wet roots which cause the stem to rot. During the active growing it is best to water sparingly, just enough to make the entire mixture barely moist and let the top third of the potting mixture dry out between waterings. During the rest period, water the plant just enough to keep the potting mixture from completely drying out. Use water at room temperature to avoid brown spots on leaves. These plants have delicate foliage which can be easily damaged by water.
Feeding: While Columnea microphylla is actively growing, give it applications of a high phosphate liquid fertiliser, about one quarter the recommended strength at every watering.
Potting and repotting: TheColumnea microphylla cascading habit lends itself as a hanging plant. The most commonly used container is a clay pan, sinceColumnea microphylla roots grow horizontally rather than vertically. Keep them tightly potted to encourage flowering.
Because Columnea microphylla are epiphytic plants in the wild, they may be grown simply in coarse sphagnum moss or, if preferred, use a loosely packed equal parts potting mixture of peat moss, perlite and verniculite. Shallow pots or pans about 10cm (4 inch) in diameter or smaller, shallow baskets are best for growing Columnea microphylla.
When the roots of a plant fill its container, move it into a container one size larger or, alternatively, trim about one-third off the bottom of the root ball with a sharp knife and repot the plant on same size container, adding fresh potting mixture as required. Best time to repot these plants is just as the growth period begins.
Propagation: The best time to propagate Columnea microphylla is when repotting. Insert a tip cutting 7-10cm (2.5-4 inch) long in a 8cm (3 inch) pot of moistened verniculite and keep the pot at normal room temperature in a bright filtered light, watering only often enough to keep the verniculite barely moist. Rooting should occur in about four weeks after which the new plant should be transferred to an 8cm (3 inch) pot of the standard potting mixture for adult plants and treat as a mature columnea. For a really good display, it is recommended to plant three or four of the rooted cuttings in a single 25cm (10 inch) hanging basket.
Columnea microphylla can also be grown from seed. When the seed is soft and ripe, collect the seed and sow by spinkling lightly on the surface of fine soil. Germination is in approximately two weeks.
Leaf drop causing the stems to look bare.
Treatment: Ensure that the plant has plenty of humidity and is mist-sprayed frequently. The same symptom can indicate draughts, too low a temperature, over- or under-watering and each of these must be checked.
Droplets of cold water on leaves will often cause mottling, shriveling and sometimes denuding, especially if the plant is subjected to bright light.
Treatment: Use water at room temperature to water the plants or to spray mist them. Humidifiers are a better alternative to maintain high humidity than to mist the plants.
Occasionally mealybugs infest the plants.
Treatment: These pests can be easily eradicated with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
Cyclamen mite is a troublesome pest on Columnea microphylla plants, its presence is detected by malformed and twisted new growth.
Treatment: An application of kelthane destroys these insects before they deface the plants.
The Columnea microphylla is prone to be attracted by aphids. These insects suck the sap and make the brittle leaves. They tend to curl and may be covered with scabs.
Treatment: Spray a systemic insecticide and repeat this treatment a month later.
Fine webbing under leaves betray an attack of spider mites favored by air too hot and too dry.
Treatment: Spray with a suitable acaricide or systemic insecticide. Increase the humidity around the plant.
Stems root in the event of excess water or cold temperature.
Treatment: Find a warmer location and dry the plant.
The plant will benefit fromperiodical soil oxygenating to prevent the occurrence of fungi. Use a small fork to loose the soil.
The stems are thin and elongated too . The plant is lack of light.
Treatment: Place the plant in bright light protected from direct sun light.
The leaves shrivel on themselves. The soil is too dry.
Treatment: Water immediately and especially more regularly thereafter.
The leaves are stunted growth is puny and the plant does not flower. The Columnea microphylla could be suffering from heat and lack of ventilation.
Treatment: Find a cooler and better ventilated place.
Growth is sickly, small leaves and very poor flowering can be caused by lack of fertiliser.
Treatment: Fertilise the plant as recommended.
Note: Columnea species are commonly confused with another member of the Gesneriad Family, Aeschynanthus species (Lipstick Plant). These plants bear many similarities including shiny, paired leaves and brightly colored tubular flowers.
Uses and display:Columnea microphylla stands out in the world of indoor hanging plants spectacle due to their masses of flowers orange-red overflowing hanging baskets in the spring and summer and fish resembling 'goldfish', name which is also popularly used to refer to this beautiful plant genus. They are stunning in a hanging basket when in bloom. Also can be used as table top plant, especially when planted in high pots. This plant is ideal for apartments with limited space to spare for pots and plants.
Shape climbing and trailing
Height: 2.5m (8 feet)
Watering in rest period sparingly
Watering in active growth period sparingly
Temperature in rest period min 13C max 18C (55-64F)
Temperature in active growth period min 18C max 30C (64-86F)
Hardiness zone: 11
Begonia propagation f...
Essential Nutrients f...


So our team was looking into having pneumatics with multiple positions for our a acquiring mechanism. We need to have 3 positions and are weighing two options. We can either use 2 pistons attached in line or get a 3 position piston like This Have any teams used them? Are they any good?
No, I haven’t used the 3-stop model, but we have always done well with Bimba products. We made a 3-stop pneumatic setup for our Ultimate Ascent climber. The solution we came up with was remarkably light – we used two equivalent double acting cylinders with double-end (X) mounts, and placed them side by side but pointing in opposite directions. We then cut two flat plates with two holes in each, placed them over the ends, and tightened down the four nuts. The picture attached shows about what it looked like. Because we didn’t want our hook to rotate, we used a hex shaft on the free end cylinder and made a “cage” of angle aluminum to keep the free cylinder in the desired line; if you’re not worried about the rotation, this could probably do it for you.
i have never used a 3 position cylinder but i have combined two together and there bottoms which would give you a total of four positions, (up up) (up down) (down up) (down down) assuming there different lengths if there the same length you would get three positions (up up) (up down) (down down) at that point its just a matter of finding the sizes you need
We’re considering a 3-position for one of our new grabber ideas, but can’t quite figure out how to hook them up. Anyone have thoughts?
The 3-position is more desirable, IMO, for cost, weight and simplicity reasons.
i have trouble seeing that a 3 position can get you as much distance as two cylinders im sure there is a much smaller restriction with the three point, we have to spread 16 inches so at that points a 10 in long cylinder and a 6 inch long cylinder is a better option
In 2010 we used two pairs of cylinders connected shaft-to-shaft to deploy a deflector. It worked quite well. We connected them with the shank of a rod-end (we cut the spherical bearing off), with one cylinder shaft threaded in from each end.
We used them all season long last year. We had a catapult ball shooter. The cradle that held the ball had an arced “tusk” that could be moved to three different position to affect our release angle.
Our source code (with ascii art) is available here:
Note that the way these components work is there are two rods which are not coupled to one another. The middle port on the actuator extends the external rod, and retracts the internal rod. As a result, if you’re trying to move the actuator to the intermediate position, you’ll need to sequence the move, otherwise you may not allot enough time for pressure to vent to atmosphere. It’s hard to explain in words…
You can see how we implemented this sequencing here: https://github.com/Team2168/FRC2014_Main_Robot/blob/master/src/org/team2168/commands/tusks/TusksShortShotPosition.java
Our plumbing was also a little more complicated than normal for these. As we used two double solenoids, so it required a check valve to be installed in line. If you need a pneumatic schematic, PM me (as I won’t see requests in this thread) and I’ll document what we did on our robot from last year.
I would recommend that you pay careful attention to Bimba’s dimension drawing on those 3-position cylinders. If you want the positions at something like 16", 14", 0", then the whole mechanism gets extremely long. My example there ends up a minimum of 30" long, unextended. As you can imagine, that’s also going to consume a LOT more air, since you’re basically pumping the a 14" stroke and then a 16" stroke. Back-to-back or side-by-side cylinders are a lot more air efficient if your application can work with them instead. With back-to-back cylinders, you can actually get 4 positions instead of 3.
We are attempting something similar. We looked at these options, but then we realized that a two cylinders, each controlling one end of our mechanism, gives us three positions if we don’t mind the middle position “opening” being off-center. This seemed okay because it will only carry the weight of one object in its middle position (you don’t stack anything on top of it anyway.) Not sure how it will work out, but that’s what our solution is so far.
The reason we arranged the pistons next to each other as shown in post #2 was that we were looking for a package with an extended length more than twice the compressed length; I haven’t seen any integrated 3-position cylinders which do that. If you do combine cylinders and do not have this restriction, they can be back-to-back, tip-to-tip, or tip-to-back.


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