text:
Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations
No one government in the Commonwealth exercises power over the others as is the case in a political union. Rather, the relationship is one of an international organisation through which countries with diverse social, political, and economic backgrounds are regarded as equal in status and cooperate within a framework of common values and goals as outlined in the Singapore Declaration issued in 1971. Such common values and goals include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism, and world peace which are carried out through multilateral projects and meetings which include the Commonwealth Games held once every four years.
The symbol of this free association is Queen Elizabeth II who serves as the Head of the Commonwealth. This position, however, does not imbue her with any political or executive power over any Commonwealth member states; the position is purely symbolic, and it is the Commonwealth Secretary-General who is the chief executive of the Commonwealth.
The Commonwealth was first officially formed in 1931 when the Statute of Westminster gave legal recognition to the sovereignty of dominions. Known as the "British Commonwealth", the original members were the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ireland, and Newfoundland, although Australia and New Zealand did not adopt the statute until 1942 and 1947 respectively. In 1949, the London Declaration was signed and marked the birth of the modern Commonwealth and the adoption of its present name. The newest member is Rwanda, which joined on 29 November 2009. The most recent departure was the Maldives, which severed its connection with the Commonwealth on 13 October 2016.
Presently, of the states that are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, three are in Europe, twelve in North America, one in South America, eighteen in Africa, seven in Asia, and eleven in Oceania. There are eight former members, four of which no longer exist as independent entities (but form part of current member states). The members have a combined population of 2.2 billion people, almost a third of the world population, of which 1.21 billion live in India, and 95% live in Asia and Africa combined.
Currently sixteen of the member states are Commonwealth realms with the Head of the Commonwealth also as their head of state, five others are monarchies with their own separate monarchs (Brunei, Lesotho, Malaysia, Swaziland, Tonga) and the rest are republics.
- 1 Current members
- 2 Former members
- 3 Dissolved members
- 4 Prospective members
- 5 Other former British Colonies that have never been Commonwealth members
- 6 Former protectorates of the UK and other Commonwealth countries
- 7 Former British Mandates
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
All table information based on figures provided by the Commonwealth of Nations Secretariat members list, most population figures are based on 2007 estimates, unless otherwise noted.
|Antigua and Barbuda[F]||1 November 1981||North America||86,295|
|Australia[F]||11 December 1931||Oceania||23,795,300||Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 January 1901. Australia was one of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the statute was not adopted in Australia until 1942 (with retroactive effect from 1939). Removed final links with the British Parliament in 1986.|
|Bahamas[F]||10 July 1973||North America||368,390|
|Bangladesh||18 April 1972||Asia||158,088,000||Declared independence from Pakistan in 1971.|
|Barbados[F]||30 November 1966||North America||285,000|
|Belize[F]||21 September 1981||North America||358,899|
|Botswana||30 September 1966||Africa||2,024,904|
|Brunei||1 January 1984||Asia||393,372|
|Cameroon||13 November 1995||Africa||21,143,237||Most of the country was the formerly French mandate territory (later UN trust territory) of Cameroun and gained independence from France on 1 January 1960, uniting with the much smaller former British mandate/trust territory of Southern Cameroons on its gaining independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1961.|
|Canada[F]||11 December 1931||North America||35,702,707||Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 1 July 1867. Canada was the first among the several original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Incorporated another original Dominion, Newfoundland, on 31 March 1949. Removed final links with the British Parliament in 1982.|
|Cyprus||13 March 1961||Europe||858,000||Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 16 August 1960.|
|Dominica||3 November 1978||North America||71,293|
|Fiji[B]||10 October 1970||Oceania||859,178||Left in 1987; rejoined in 1997; suspended on 6 June 2000; suspension lifted on 20 December 2001; again suspended on 8 December 2006 because of the 2006 Fijian coup d'état. Suspension lifted on 26 September 2014.|
|Ghana||6 March 1957||Africa||27,043,093|
|Grenada[F]||7 February 1974||North America||103,328|
|Guyana||26 May 1966||South America||746,900|
|India||15 August 1947||Asia||1,269,090,000||Incorporated former French India (Chandannagar from 2 May 1950 and Puducherry, Karaikal, Yanam and Mahé from 1 November 1954), former Portuguese India (Goa, Daman and Diu from 19 December 1961 and Dadra and Nagar Haveli formally from 1961) and Sikkim (from 16 May 1975).|
|Jamaica[F]||6 August 1962||North America||2,717,991|
|Kenya||12 December 1963||Africa||46,749,000|
|Kiribati||12 July 1979||Oceania||106,461|
|Lesotho||4 October 1966||Africa||2,120,000|
|Malawi||6 July 1964||Africa||16,310,431|
|Malaysia||31 August 1957||Asia||30,538,100||Joined as the Federation of Malaya in 1957; reformed as Malaysia on 16 September 1963 with its federation with Singapore (which became a separate state on 9 August 1965), North Borneo, and Sarawak.|
|Malta||21 September 1964||Europe||425,384|
|Mauritius||12 March 1968||Africa||1,261,208|
|Mozambique||13 November 1995||Africa||25,727,911||Gained independence from Portugal on 26 June 1975. The first country to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom.|
|Namibia||21 March 1990||Africa||2,113,077||Gained independence from South Africa. Includes Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands transferred by South Africa at midnight 28 February 1994.|
|Nauru[B]||1 November 1968||Oceania||10,084||Gained independence on 31 January 1968 from joint trusteeship of Australia, New Zealand and United Kingdom. A special member from 1 November 1968 until 1 May 1999, when it became a full member, before reverting to special status in January 2006. A full member again since June 2011.|
|New Zealand[F]||11 December 1931||Oceania||4,572,100||Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 26 September 1907. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931, although the Statute was not adopted in New Zealand until 1947. Removed final links with the British Parliament in 1986.|
|Nigeria||1 October 1960||Africa||183,523,000||Incorporated the former British mandate/trust territory of Northern Cameroons on 31 May 1961. Suspended in 1995, suspension lifted in 1999.|
|Pakistan||[E]14 August 1947||Asia||189,388,000||Includes the city of Gwadar, transferred from Muscat and Oman on 8 September 1958. Included Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan) until 1971. Left Commonwealth in 1972, rejoined 1989; suspended in 1999, suspension lifted in 2004; again suspended in 2007, suspension lifted in 2008.|
|Papua New Guinea[F]||16 September 1975||Oceania||7,398,500||Gained independence from Australia.|
|Rwanda||29 November 2009||Africa||10,966,891||Gained independence from Belgium on 1 July 1962. The second country (after Mozambique) to be admitted to the Commonwealth without any former colonial or constitutional links with the United Kingdom. Unlike Mozambique, has adopted English as an official language since joining.|
|Saint Kitts and Nevis[B][F]||19 September 1983||North America||55,000|
|Saint Lucia[F]||22 February 1979||North America||185,000|
|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[F]||27 October 1979||North America||109,000||A special member from 27 October 1979 until 1 June 1985.|
|Samoa||28 August 1970||Oceania||187,820||Gained independence from New Zealand on 1 January 1962. Joined as Western Samoa, subsequently changing its name to Samoa on 4 July 1997.|
|Seychelles||29 June 1976||Africa||89,949|
|Sierra Leone||27 April 1961||Africa||6,319,000|
|Singapore[B]||9 August 1966 (effective from 9 August 1965)||Asia||5,469,700||Gained independence from the United Kingdom and joined federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. Became independent on 9 August 1965.|
|Solomon Islands[F]||7 July 1978||Oceania||581,344|
|South Africa||11 December 1931||Africa||54,956,900||Granted nominal independence (Dominion status) on 31 May 1910. One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Left on 31 May 1961; rejoined 1 June 1994.|
|Sri Lanka||4 February 1948||Asia||20,675,000||Joined as the Dominion of Ceylon, subsequently changing its name in 1972. Became a republic in 1972 and severed final ties with Britain.|
|Swaziland||6 September 1968||Africa||1,119,375|
|Tanzania||9 December 1961||Africa||47,421,786||Joined as Tanganyika and later Zanzibar, which subsequently merged to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.|
|Tonga||4 June 1970||Oceania||103,252|
|Trinidad and Tobago||31 August 1962||North America||1,328,019|
|Tuvalu[B][F]||1 October 1978||Oceania||11,323||A special member from 1 October 1978 until 1 September 2000.|
|Uganda||9 October 1962||Africa||34,856,813|
|United Kingdom||11 December 1931||Europe||64,511,000||The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted the Statute of Westminster 1931.|
|Vanuatu[B]||30 July 1980||Oceania||264,652||Gained independence from joint rule of France and United Kingdom.|
|Zambia||24 October 1964||Africa||15,473,905|
^ A. Unless otherwise noted, independence was gained from the United Kingdom on the date (shown in column 2) of joining the Commonwealth.
^ B. Not a member of the Commonwealth Foundation.
^ C. The population figure is based on 2004 estimates.
^ D. The population figure is based on 2005 estimates.
^ E. Though Pakistan celebrates 14 August 1947 as its independence day, independence was officially granted at midnight, 15 August 1947. Therefore, its date of joining the Commonwealth would be 15 August 1947.
^ F. Commonwealth realms, recognising Elizabeth II as their head of state since the day of their independence, distinctly from her being the sovereign of United Kingdom.
|The Gambia||18 February 1965||Africa||3 October 2013||Withdrew on 3 October 2013 citing "neo-colonialism". Adama Barrow, who was elected as Gambia's President in 2016, has pledged to return the country to the Commonwealth.|
|Ireland||11 December 1931||Europe||18 April 1949||One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Withdrew after passing the Republic of Ireland Act in 1949 as per the regulations in force at the time.|
|Maldives||9 July 1982||Asia||13 October 2016||Gained independence from the United Kingdom on 26 July 1965. A special member from 9 July 1982 until 20 July 1985. Announced on 13 October 2016 that it has withdrawn from the Commonwealth.|
|Zimbabwe||1 October 1980||Africa||7 December 2003||Suspended on 19 March 2002. Withdrew voluntarily on 7 December 2003.|
|Former country||Joined||Continent||Dissolved||Rejoined as part of||Notes|
|Malaya||31 August 1957||Asia||31 July 1963||Malaysia||Reformed as the Federation of Malaysia with Singapore (became a separate member in 1965), Sabah, and Sarawak.|
|Newfoundland||11 December 1931||North America||31 March 1949||Canada||One of the original Dominions at the time of the Statute of Westminster 1931. Government suspended on 16 February 1934, merged into Canada on 31 March 1949.|
|Tanganyika||9 December 1961||Africa||26 April 1964||Tanzania||The two countries merged to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.|
|Zanzibar||10 December 1963|
|Somaliland||2009||Africa||3,500,000||Somaliland is an unrecognised self-declared sovereign state internationally recognised as part of Somalia. It has applied to join the Commonwealth under observer status. Its borders approximate to that of British Somaliland, which was a protectorate from 1884 to 1960.|
|South Sudan||2011||Africa||8,260,490||Gained independence from Britain as part of Sudan in 1956.|
|Sudan||Africa||37,289,406||Sudan was a condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt known as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, but in practice the structure of the Condominium ensured full British control over the Sudan until its independence in 1956. Sudan has expressed an interest in joining the Commonwealth.|
|Suriname||South America||560,157||English colony of Willoughbyland from 1650 to 1667 and controlled by the British from 1799 to 1816. In 2012 Suriname expressed plans to join the Commonwealth and the British government has made it a priority to provide guidance to Suriname in applying for Commonwealth membership.|
Other former British Colonies that have never been Commonwealth members
|Country||British sovereignty ended||Continent||Current population||Notes|
|Thirteen Colonies||1783||North America||319,000,000||Founded 1607–1733, declared independence in 1776 as the United States, recognised by Great Britain in 1783 after the American Revolutionary War. Consisted of most of the contiguous USA east of the Mississippi River, except Florida. First European colony in the Americas to declare and obtain independence, and nearly 150 years before the Statute of Westminster.|
|Weihaiwei||1930||Asia||600,000||Leased from the Chinese Empire in 1898, returned to the Republic of China in 1930. Also known as Port Edward. Now part of modern Weihai, Shandong in the People's Republic of China.|
|Burma||1948||Asia||61,000,000||Lower Burma annexed by Britain 1852, Upper Burma in 1886. Administered as part of British India until 1937. Independence granted in 1948, but chose to become a republic outside the Commonwealth, unlike neighbouring India and Pakistan. Also officially known as Myanmar.|
|Colony of Aden||1967||Asia||760,000||Administered from British India 1842–1937. Became the State of Aden in 1963, which, together with the former Protectorate of Aden, formed the Federation of South Arabia. However, was immediately wracked by civil war between Marxist NLF and Pan-Arabist FLOSY. After NLF's victory, became part of the independent People's Republic of South Yemen in 1967, outside the Commonwealth. The two Yemens, North and South, merged into one nation in 1990.|
|Hong Kong||1997||Asia||7,300,000||Hong Kong island annexed from China during the Opium Wars in 1840, Kowloon in 1860, and New Territories on Chinese Mainland leased for 99 years from 1898. Transferred back to Chinese sovereignty in 1997, becoming the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.|
Former protectorates of the UK and other Commonwealth countries
A protectorate differs from a "protected state". A protected state is a territory under a ruler which enjoys Her Britannic Majesty's protection, over whose foreign affairs she exercises control, but in respect of whose internal affairs she does not exercise jurisdiction.
When the British took over Cephalonia in 1809, they proclaimed, "We present ourselves to you, Inhabitants of Cephalonia, not as invaders, with views of conquest, but as allies who hold forth to you the advantages of British protection." When the British continued to occupy the Ionian Islands after the Napoleonic wars, they did not formally annex the islands, but described them as a protectorate. The islands were constituted by the Treaty of Paris in 1815 as the independent United States of the Ionian Islands under British protection. Similarly, Malta was a British protectorate between the capitulation of the French in 1800 and the Treaty of Paris of 1814.
Other British protectorates followed. In 1894, Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone's government officially announced that Uganda was to become a British Protectorate, where Muslim and Christian strife had attracted international attention. The British administration installed carefully selected local kings under a programme of indirect rule through the local oligarchy, creating a network of British-controlled civil service. Most British protectorates were overseen by a Commissioner or a High Commissioner, rather than a Governor.
British law makes a distinction between a protectorate and protected state. Constitutionally the two are of similar status where Britain provides controlled defence and external relations. However, a protectorate has an internal government established, while a protected state establishes a form of local internal self-government based on the already existing one.
Persons connected with former British protectorates, protected states, mandated or trust territories may remain British Protected Persons if they did not acquire the nationality of the country at independence.
Other cases include the following:
- Barbados (1627–1652) (as a proprietary colony under both William Courteen, followed by James Hay I.)
- Mosquito Coast (1655–1860) (over Central America's Miskito Indian nation)
- Aden Protectorate in Yemen (1873–1967)
- Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922)
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1899–1956; condominium with Egypt)
- Persian Gulf Residency (1822–1971)
- British Somaliland (1887–1960)
South and South East Asia
- Bhutan (1910–1947)
- British North Borneo (1888–1946)
- Brunei (1888–1984)
- Federation of Malaya (1948–1957)
- Federated Malay States (1895–1946)
- Unfederated Malay States (1904/09-1946)
- Indian Princely States (to 1947)
- Sikkim (1910–1975)
- Kingdom of Sarawak (1888–1946)
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Asterisks denote protectorates which were governed from a colony of the same name.
- Basutoland (1884–1966)
- Bechuanaland Protectorate (1884–1966)
- British East Africa Protectorate (1895–1920)
- Gambia Protectorate* (1894–1965)
- Kenya Protectorate* (1920–1963)
- Barotseland Protectorate (1900–1964)
- Northern Rhodesia (1924–1964)
- Northern Territories of the Gold Coast (1902–1957)
- Nyasaland Protectorate (1893–1964) – known as British Central Africa until 1907
- Northern Nigeria Protectorate
- Eastern Nigeria Protectorate
- Western Nigeria Protectorate
- Sierra Leone Protectorate* (1896–1961)
- Swaziland (1902–1968)
- Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962)
- Walvis Bay protectorate (1878–1884)
- Zanzibar (1890–1963)
- British Solomon Islands (1893–1978)
- Cook Islands (1888–1901)
- Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1892–1916)
- Niue (1900–1901)
- Tokelau (1877–1916)
- Tonga (1900–1970)
Former British Mandates
Class A League of Nations mandates
The first group, or Class A mandates, were territories formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were deemed to "... have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognised subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory."
The Class A mandates were as follows:
- Palestine (United Kingdom), from 29 September 1923 – 15 May 1948. In April 1921, Transjordan provisionally became an autonomous area for 6 months but then continued to be part of the Mandate until independence. It eventually became the independent Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan (later Jordan) on 25 May 1946. A plan for peacefully dividing the remainder of the Mandate failed. The Mandate terminated at midnight between 14 and 15 May 1948. On the evening of 14 May, the Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine had declared the establishment of the State of Israel. Arab states attacked the following day, marking the start of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Following the war, 75% of the area west of the Jordan River was controlled by the new State of Israel. Other parts, until 1967, formed the West Bank of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip. Small slivers of territory east and south of the Sea of Galilee were held by Syria.
- Mesopotamia (United Kingdom), not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
Class B League of Nations mandates
The second group of mandates, or Class B mandates, were all former Schutzgebiete (German territories) in West and Central Africa which were deemed to require a greater level of control by the mandatory power: "...the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion." The mandatory power was forbidden to construct military or naval bases within the mandates.
The Class B mandates were as follows:
- Tanganyika (United Kingdom), from 20 July 1922 to 11 December 1946. It became a United Nations Trust Territory on 11 December 1946, and was granted internal self-rule on 1 May 1961. On 9 December 1961, it became an independent Commonwealth realm, transforming into a republic on the same day the next year. On 26 April 1964, Tanganyika merged with the neighbouring island of Zanzibar to become the modern nation of Tanzania.
- Kamerun was split on 20 July 1922 into British Cameroons (under a Resident) and French Cameroun (under a Commissioner until 27 August 1940, then under a Governor), on 13 December 1946 transformed into United Nations Trust Territories, again a British (successively under senior district officers officiating as Resident, a Special Resident and Commissioners) and a French Trust (under a Haut Commissaire)
- Togoland was split into British Togoland (under an Administrator, a post filled by the colonial Governor of the British Gold Coast (present Ghana) except 30 September 1920 – 11 October 1923 Francis Walter Fillon Jackson) and French Togoland (under a Commissioner) (United Kingdom and France), 20 July 1922 separate Mandates, transformed on 13 December 1946 into United Nations trust territories, French Togo Associated Territory (under a Commissioner till 30 August 1956, then under a High Commissioner as Autonomous Republic of Togo) and British Togoland (as before; on 13 December 1956 it ceased to exist as it became part of Ghana)
Class C League of Nations mandates
A final group, the Class C mandates, including South-West Africa and certain of the South Pacific Islands, were considered to be "best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integral portions of its territory".
The Class C mandates were former German possessions as follows:
- former German New Guinea became the Territory of New Guinea (Australia/United Kingdom) from 17 December 1920 under a (at first Military) Administrator; after (wartime) Japanese/U.S. military commands from 8 December 1946 under UN mandate as North East New Guinea (under Australia, as administrative unit), until it became part of present Papua New Guinea at independence in 1975
- Nauru, formerly part of German New Guinea (Australia in effective control, formally together with United Kingdom and New Zealand) from 17 December 1920, 1 November 1947 made into a United Nations trust territory (same three powers) until its 31 January 1968 independence as a Republic – all that time under an Administrator
- former German Samoa (New Zealand/United Kingdom) 17 December 1920 a League of Nations mandate, renamed Western Samoa (as opposed to American Samoa), from 25 January 1947 a United Nations trust territory until its 1 January 1962 independence
- South-West Africa (South Africa/United Kingdom)
United Nations mandates
British mandates acquired after 1945 (formation of the United Nations):
- Eritrea – under British administration 1941 to 1951, transferred to Ethiopia. Became an independent state in 1993.
- Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria
- List of countries by English-speaking population
- List of countries where English is an official language
- Prospective members of the Commonwealth of Nations
- Representatives of the Commonwealth of Nations
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domain: geography


Design and Development of All Terrain Hybrid Vehicle for Scientific Expedition 2016-28-0176
The hybrid robot, will be a battery operated four wheel drive vehicle with a rigid chassis for all terrain operation. The vehicle will be suited for various payloads based on applications with geological, atmospheric sensors such as oxygen measurement, glacier thickness measurement, CO2 measurement, thermal properties measurement, salinity, buried object identification at a depth of 8 to 100 m., etc . The vehicle will be remotely controlled through a RF signal which allows it to maneuver up to 5 km. The novelty of the design, is its capability for all terrain and ease of trafficability based on skid steering, self alignment of sensors and vehicle traction in spite of possible inverted conditions and the vehicle can travel from land, snow, water and vice versa. The vehicle can be used in survey at coastline of water bodies, borderlines and can also be extensively used in polar region for studying glacier aging and as advance vehicle for the convoys and polar mapping.


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What if we told you that you could have a small door to this gaming experience on your cell phone? With Rainbow Six Mobile, this will be possible.
When is Rainbow Six Mobile coming out?
Rainbow Six Mobile doesn’t have a release date yet. However, throughout the last months, some players have been invited or accepted to play the game’s Closed Beta.
Who is developing Rainbow Six Mobile?
Rainbow Six Mobile is being developed by Ubisoft Montreal with additional help from WeGame, Tencent’s flagship game portal.
Will I be able to play Rainbow Six Mobile on Android?
Yes, you will be able to play Rainbow Six Mobile on Android. As of now, the soft launch phase has reached Android devices in Canada and Mexico. More countries will be added soon!
Will I be able to play Rainbow Six Mobile on iOS?
Yes, you will be able to play Rainbow Six Mobile on iOS. As of now, only iOS users in Canada have access to Rainbow Six Mobile’s soft launch.
What are the minimum requirements to play Rainbow Six Mobile?
Recently, Rainbow Six Mobile released information about the requirements to play Rainbow Six Mobile on iOS, which include an iOS version 14.4+, an A12 Bionic chip+, and a 4GB RAM+.
Rainbow Six Mobile has already told iOS players that some devices won’t be able to support the app despite having access to it on the App Store. These devices include the iPhone XR, the SE Gen 2, the iPad Air Gen 3, the iPad Mini Gen 5, the iPad Gen 9, and the iPad Gen 8.
However, Ubisoft hasn’t revealed the official requirements for Android devices. These will probably include a minimum of 4GB RAM, just like iOS.
What does Rainbow Six Mobile gameplay look like?
Despite being a mobile video game, Rainbow Six Mobile looks and feels extremely smooth. Ubisoft has done an excellent job at replicating the Rainbow Six Siege experience, including every detail the video game has to offer.
Rainbow Six Mobile includes everything you can think of, like hole punches, destructibility, hatches, and more. The maps have also been adapted to phone users while also keeping them untouched from the PC and Console versions.
Moreover, the player gadgets haven’t been modified. This means that the gadgets used in Rainbow Six Siege are the ones being used in Rainbow Six Mobile. If you come from Rainbow Six SIege, you will be one step ahead of the rest!
"While the core gameplay, characters, and maps may share similarities with Siege, we’ve rebuilt everything from the ground up with mobile usability in mind. We have put a lot of work under the hood to adapt the Siege experience for mobile devices. This includes an entirely new gameplay control system developed specifically for mobile and extensive optimization of the UI and in-game visual presentation," developers said.
Rainbow Six Mobile currently has four maps, including Bank, Border, Clubhouse, and Oregon. The latter was added to the video game with the Operation Fallen Sakura expansion.
All of the maps are based on the Rainbow Six Siege maps. The differences are minimal as these are only noticed in terms of graphics.
As of now, players can use up to 18 operators in Rainbow Six Mobile. The list includes the following characters, who can also be found in Rainbow Six Siege:
As revealed by Ubisoft, more Rainbow Six Siege operators will be added to Rainbow Six Mobile in the future!
Rainbow Six Mobile Roadmap
Rainbow Six Mobile’s last announced Roadmap included new time-limited game modes and a Ranked playlist. Moreover, the game won’t be reset anymore, which means your progress will be saved.
As of now, the Rainbow Six Mobile Battle Pass costs the following:
- Premium Pass: 450 Platinum
- Premium Elite Pass: 900 Platinum
The Battle Pass includes exclusive cosmetics including uniforms, headgears, weapon skins, and more!
7,560 Rainbow Credits on PC
Get more for less when you buy this discounted bundle of Rainbow Credits, and be the first in line to grab new operator Elite skins, esports gear, and limited-time event packs.Buy now
SiegeGG is supported by its audience. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more about how readers support SiegeGG.

domain: game


San Francisco Municipal Transit Authority (MUNI) Accidents
The mass transit system serving San Francisco is commonly known as MUNI. While it is undoubtedly one of the most important parts of the transit community of San Francisco, the numbers of San Francisco MUNI accidents are certainly not insignificant. Passengers, pedestrians, and other vehicle operators are all at risk.
One of the most alarming aspects about pursuing an action against a public entity, such as MUNI in San Francisco, is the requirement that a government claim be filed within six months of the date of the accident.
If a government claim is not filed, and instead the victim merely files a lawsuit, the lawsuit may be subject to dismissal as a result of the failure to meet the procedural requirement of filing of a government claim first. While the purported purpose of the government claim is to provide the public entity with the early opportunity to resolve the claim, do not be fooled. Rarely, do public entities agree to pay a claim as a result of presentation of the government claim form itself. Instead, the pre-suit requirement that a government claim be filed oftentimes becomes a defensive sword to be utilized by the public entity itself.
Accordingly, while individuals sustaining personal injury in California generally have two years from the date of accident in which to institute their lawsuit, where public entity defendants are involved, such as MUNI, the victim must act much quicker. Experienced San Francisco accident lawyers can help. First, they can work hard in order your government claim be properly prepared. For example, where a government claim does not set forth all claims, you can be barred from a subsequent lawsuit which seeks compensation on grounds not set forth in the original government claim. In truth, this becomes yet another defensive sword to be utilized by the public entity itself.
If more than six months have transpired since the date of accident, California Government Code provides for relief under certain circumstances. First, experienced San Francisco accident lawyers can assist you in the filing of an Application to present Late Claim, with Late Claim Attached. This can be done up to one year from the date of accident upon proof of certain events occurring. Additionally, experienced San Francisco accident lawyers can also petition the Court for Relief from the Claim Filing requirements under certain circumstances.
Where public entity defendants such as MUNI are involved, however, a whole body of law exists with respect to liability issues involving public entities. You will want to ensure that the lawyer you choose has had experience with the public entity involved. Be the accident caused as a result of a bus, rail, trolley, or other vehicle, experienced San Francisco accident lawyers can help.
Contact our experienced San Francisco accident lawyers if you have been involved in an accident involving MUNI. We look forward to providing you with the legal help you need.


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May the 4th is coming and it’s keeping me busy with Star Wars news!
You can stay busy watching the entire first season of Star Wars: Rebels for free on StarWars.com from now till May 4th. Remember that Season 2 starts June 20th so it’s a great time watch or re-watch and get yourself up to speed.
Good news everyone!
StarWars.com just announced that Season 2 of the Star Wars: Rebels animated series will premiere on June 20th at 9:00 PM on Disney XD!
The first episode will be an hour long movie event and is titled, “Star Wars Rebels: The Siege of Lothal”. The trailer for Season 2 was shown at Celebration Anaheim, and I posted it then, but I’m gonna do it again just because I love it.
Disney XD will also have some special programming on May the 4th in celebration of the Star Wars holiday. There will be a special titled “Star Wars Rebels: The Ultimate Guide” which will recap all of Season 1 and marathons of Star Wars Rebels Season One and LEGO Star Wars: The New Yoda Chronicles. In addition there will be sneak peeks of the new LEGO Star Wars: Droid Tales and airings of all the Star Wars episodes of their other programs (Phineas and Ferb, Kickin’ It, and Lab Rats).
Once again a great time to be a Star Wars fan. Watch the Season 2 trailer again and get pumped with me!
At ease Troopers.
Today StarWars.com released the storyboard animations for the Clone Wars “Bad Batch” storyline. This was another set of episodes that was not completed when The Clone Wars Season 6 was interrupted. Just like the “Crystal Crisis” storyline, it is storyboard animation with voice acting from the real stars of the TV series.
This was shown at Star Wars Celebration Anaheim at the Clone Wars panel and since we now know that Rexx is coming back in Season 2 of Rebels, these storyboards may fill in some gaps between the two shows.
A while back I finished the audiobook version of John Jackson Miller’s Star Wars: A New Dawn and I’ve been meaning to write this review to share my thoughts and opinions on it with all of you.
First, allow me to give you a summary. This book features two of the main characters from the Star Wars Rebels show: Kanan Jarrus and Hera Syndulla. The story details how the duo crossed paths and became rebels together. For those unfamiliar with the show, Kanan is a former Jedi Padawan whose master was slain during Order 66 when the Clone Troopers turned on the Jedi Order. Hera is a smart, brave Twi’lek female who is trying to organize a rebellion against the Empire.
The book also features several characters and places new to the Star Wars universe. As always diversity in personality and alien races makes the setting feel truly intergalactic and Miller does a good job of making the characters feel alive. The Empire is fully embodied by the antagonists: Count Vidian, a human cyborg abomination of a man who prizes efficiency over lives; and Captain Sloane, an Imperial commander who follows orders and turns a blind eye to the suffering that she causes in the hopes of gaining more power within the Empire.
The story was just a little slow in the beginning but once setting and characters are established it becomes rather engrossing. Plenty of epic, over the top, science fiction action is to be found within the book; and a multitude of details and foreshadowing leaving some questions in the readers mind till the very end.
I found the book to be enjoyable once it started moving. There are no big twists or surprises but the story is definitely an adventure. My favorite thing about this book is discovering more about Kanan and Hera’s characters. Kanan’s life as a Jedi youngling and padawan is briefly visited and it definitely whet my appetite for Marvel’s Star Wars: Kanan comic series (just read that and I’ll make another post on it). Mostly I appreciated a more in depth look at Hera. In the Rebels show the Twi’lek is the mother figure of the ragtag group, but I don’t feel like her character or history was explored nearly enough.
In summary it’s a good adventure and a deeper look into some of the Rebels characters, and being the first book of the new canon it sets a good tone of action and adventure going forward.
A final comment. The paperback version of this book is a new strange size that is taller than normal and is 9.99 instead of the typical 6.99 to 7.99 price range. I don’t know if this will be the same for all PB’s in the new canon, but I hope it isn’t. I already buy them in E-book when they first come out and buy paperbacks for my shelf later. I don’t want to have to pay more for them.
The Star Wars Rebels panel concluded at Celebration earlier and in it they showed the trailer for season 2 of Rebels. Please watch it below so I can gush about it afterwards.
So on to the gushing…
Ahsoka’s back, Rex is coming, the Emperor gets involved, Darth Vader is chasing them, and more inquisitors on their tail! I don’t want to sound like a total fan boy but… OH MY GOD, I AM EXCITED. The first season of Rebels had great moments but it also had the unmistakable feel of a kid’s show and that it was kind of a stand-alone story to the Star Wars universe. This trailer shows us that Season 2 is going to be a dramatic amazing ride with a host of beloved characters, both good and evil, returning to the limelight. I did not expect to be blown away by this trailer like I was and now I cannot wait to get to see these episodes.
Check out the post on StarWars.com for the live blog of the panel and try not to get to excited for season 2 of Rebels.
Good morning friends,
March is coming to an end today, but a new dawn will bring us into April. That was a pun because the first book of the new Star Wars canon comes out in paperback today, Star Wars: A New Dawn.
Based on 2 of the characters from Star Wars: Rebels, this book marks the beginning of a whole new era of Star Wars novels. All the Expanded Universe books that came before this title have been changed into the Legends alternate storyline. This makes A New Dawn a great place for people who are interested in the EU to start reading. Since it’s on paperback you will see it all over, probably even at your grocery store. So pick it up and open your eyes to a wider world…
You can read my review of this book here as well.
Happy Monday Everyone!
Did the exclamation point make it seem like I’m actually excited? I actually am, but not for Monday. This weekend Random House unveiled the full summary for Dark Disciple, the new book based on unproduced scripts from Season 6 of The Clone Wars show.
The only way to bring down the dark side’s most dangerous warrior may be for Jedi and Sith to join forces.
In the war for control of the galaxy between the armies of the dark side and the Republic, former Jedi Master turned ruthless Sith Lord Count Dooku has grown ever more brutal in his tactics. Despite the powers of the Jedi and the military prowess of their clone army, the sheer number of fatalities is taking a terrible toll. And when Dooku orders the massacre of a flotilla of helpless refugees, the Jedi Council feels it has no choice but to take drastic action: targeting the man responsible for so many war atrocities, Count Dooku himself.
But the ever-elusive Dooku is dangerous prey for even the most skilled hunter. So the Council makes the bold decision to bring both sides of the Force’s power to bear—pairing brash Jedi Knight Quinlan Vos with infamous one-time Sith acolyte Asajj Ventress. Though Jedi distrust for the cunning killer who once served at Dooku’s side still runs deep, Ventress’s hatred for her former master runs deeper. She’s more than willing to lend her copious talents as a bounty hunter—and assassin—to Vos’s quest.
Together, Ventress and Vos are the best hope for eliminating Dooku—as long as the emerging feelings between them don’t compromise their mission. But Ventress is determined to have her retribution and at last let go of her dark Sith past. Balancing the complicated emotions she feels for Vos with the fury of her warrior’s spirit, she resolves to claim victory on all fronts—a vow that will be mercilessly tested by her deadly enemy . . . and her own doubt.
Fan favorites Quinlan Vos and Asajj Ventress together in a story, with some hint of romantic involvment as well? Sounds great. I’m excited for this book not only because of it’s characters but because it’s written by Christie Golden. I’ve read her Star Wars entries before as well as some other books she’s written and I was very fond of them. She has a great way of showing the emotion and personality behind characters even when the story seems like it’s just for the adventure.
Dark Disciple is out on July 7th, and before that will be Lords of the Sith on April 28th.

domain: entertainment


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GolfNevada.com - Nevada Golf Course Guide
At The Westin Lake Las Vegas Resort & Spa, you'll discover a side of Las Vegas that's anything but ordinary. Retreat from the neon lights of the Las Vegas "strip" to a lakeside paradise at our Lake Las Vegas hotel where the only item on your itinerary is relaxation.
The Hilton Head Island-Bluffton area of South Carolina is home to more than 40 championship-caliber golf courses, world-class beaches and an unparalleled variety of vacation accommodations, amenities and activities. Conveniently accessible by car or by plane into the Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport, Hilton Head shines as one of the world's premier golf vacation destinations, without all the neon lights and high-rises.


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I was so happy that I need to write a review. We stayed at hotel ilio in the sea room n.8 very close to the sea. It really felt like home, the staff was helpful and kind. The location is amazing as well. I would recommend it to anyone I know: couples, family, etc. do not forget to try the very goog restarant . free good wifi and internet point !!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Boutique Hotel Ilio (only 20 rooms in a familiar atmosphere) is set in the midst of a magnificent green landscape, the ideal place for a relaxing holiday where the sea is "really" just outside your door - ideal for snorkeling, diving and kayaking. The mountains that surround the gulf of Cape Sant'Andrea offer the possibility to go hiking, mountain biking, and are of great botanical interest. At the Boutique Hotel, Ilio the chef, Giancarlo Pollidini, offers a dinner- menu featuring exquisite Elba and Mediterranean dishes, with the primary objective of making the most of the local and traditional cuisine. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Orbitz, Expedia, Travelocity, Hotels.com, T4B, Tingo, Venere and Agoda so you can book your Boutique Hotel Ilio reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Ilio Hotel Elba Island
- Boutique Hotel Ilio Elba Island/Marciana, Italy

domain: travel


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Like your club or gang to WIN the Team Challenge Cup?
It’s FREE, no cost to have a team.
To maximise the donation to the cancer centre, we are challenging cycle clubs, cycle groups, sports clubs, schools, workplaces or groups of friends or family to get the largest team as possible at the event, and to make a donation, to win the 2024 Team Challenge Cup.
It’s easy. When your team members register online, just enter your ‘Team Name” when prompted to do so. While there, you can also donate a few extra dollars, it all counts.
Team members can enter any of the five rides and it will count as a single team. The winner will be the team whose combined members paid the largest total of registration fees plus donations.
If you would like to make a difference to local cancer services and can ride a bike, get your gang together and register as a team. If you are good at social media or part of an organised club or business, promote the Team Challenge Cup online, in your newsletter, or good old face-to-face at training or in the tea room.
The cut off for eligible registrations and donations will be February, 2024 – exact date TBA.
The Team Cup will be presented to the winner at the Chill Zone at 1pm on event day.

domain: hobby


LITTLE ROCK — A former Democratic state representative who was disqualified from running for the state House in his party’s primary is among those nominated by the Green Party of Arkansas to run for the state House of Representatives.
Fred Smith was one 16 Green Party candidates nominated to run for a slate of federal, state and local offices during the state party’s convention Sunday.
The Democratic and Republican primaries will be held May 22. Early voting began Monday.
Smith, a former Harlem Globetrotter, was elected to the House District 50 seat in 2010 but resigned early in the 2011 legislative session because of a felony theft conviction. He was nominated by the Green Party to run for the District 50 seat in November.
Democrat Hudson Hallum, was elected in 2011 after Smith resigned, is seeking re-election to the seat.
On March 1, the last day of the political filing period, Smith filed to run for the House seat as a Democrat. Days later, the state Democratic Party filed a lawsuit seeking to remove Smith name from the ballot after Secretary of State Mark Martin declined to do so.
On March 14, Circuit Court Judge Sam Pope ordered that Smith’s prosecution and conviction be dismissed because he had successfully complied with all terms of his suspended imposition of sentence.
However, after an April hearing on the Democratic Party’s lawsuit, Pulaski County Circuit Judge Mary McGowan ruled that Smith was ineligible to run for office when he filed on March 1.
McGowan said in the six-page decision that she was “persuaded that Fred Smith had to present an expunction order or an order of the dismissal of the Chicot County criminal offense at the time of the filing.”
“As he did not do so, and there was no expunction entered until March 14, 2012, this court finds that Fred Smith was ineligible on March 1, 2012,” the judge said.
She ordered that any primary votes cast for Smith not be counted.
At its convention, the Green Party also nominated Dr. Jill Stein of Massachusetts to run on the Arkansas ballot for president.
Stein, who ran as the Green Party candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002, has qualified for the presidential ballot in 16 states this year.
Jim Lendall, a former state representative who is now policies and positions chairman for the Green Party of Arkansas, said Monday that the goal of the party is to give Arkansas voters more choices when they cast ballots.
”We just want people to have a choice when they go to vote,” Lendall said.
Green Party candidates also were nominated for each of the state’s four congressional races.
In the 1st Congressional District, the party’s nominee is Jacob Holloway, who is seeking the seat now held by U.S. Rep. Rick Crawford, R-Jonesboro. Crawford is seeking re-election. Democrats running for the 1st Congressional District primary are state Rep. Clark Hall of Marvell, Scott Ellington of Jonesboro and Gary Latanich of Jonesboro.
In the 2nd Congressional District, Barbara Ward is the Green Party nominee. The seat is held by U.S. Rep. Tim Griffin, R-Little Rock, who is seeking re-election. Democrat Herb Rule of Little Rock also is running.
In the 3rd Congressional District, Rebekah Kennedy of Quitman is the Green Party nominee. Incumbent U.S. Rep. Steve Womack, R-Rogers, is seeking re-election. Democrat Kenneth Wade Aden of Russellville, also is running for the seat.
In the 4th Congressional District, Joshua Drake is the Green Party’s nominee. U.S. Rep. Mike Ross, D-Prescott, is not seeking re-election.
Republicans seeking the nomination are Tom Cotton of Dardanelle, John Cowart of Genoa and Beth Anne Rankin of Magnolia. Democrats running for the nomination are Q. Byrum Hurst of Hot Springs, DC Morrison of Little Rock and state Sen. Gene Jeffress, D-Louann.


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- May 21, 2015
- DX FIBRO
I have FM just like my mother did. I have many skin/food allergies and I am very hypersensitive. I have been taking gabapentin since 2012 for nerve problems that started after my hall bladder was removed. Right after that the arthritis in my back and neck got much worse and I started having severe stenosis problems in my neck and lumbar region of my back. I've had steroid injections and mor recently radio frequency ablations in which they fry/kill the nerves to help with the pain. I also have Hashimoto's thyroiditis. I have painful flare ups in which I get what looks to be a lupus like rash ( Dr referred me to a rheumy-but was denied-numbers were not bad enough) and my wrists, fingers and toes swell up with some form of arthritis-symmetrical over 20 joints easily-referred again by Dr thinking it looks like rheumatoid arthritis-again denied since no positive RF in my blood). Both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis run in family on my mother's side. Never knew my birth father so not sure about that side. I have had a positive speckled ANA but it changes. My CRP is up if I don't avoid my allergens but not extreme enough to get a rheumy appt here in Canada-we are very short on rheumy's. It feels like all my toes are broken when I walk. I am currently teaching full time-often in severe pain so I can afford treatments/health costs. With all this going on how can I tell what is what? This flare has continued since November with no let up. Not sure what I can do. I have upcoming dermatogist and neurologist appts. Any advice? Oh yes, I live in a rural town-4 hours from next town with only GPs available. I already belong to a pain clinic because of my severe stenosis.

domain: health


India is in a unique position to provide leadership in the Global South and there can be no solution to climate challenges without the country being central to it, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said on Friday, Deccan Herald reported.
Addressing a gathering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Albanese said education is about growing an economy as it is the key to productivity, new ideas and more efficiency.
“India is in a unique position to provide leadership in the Global South. There can be no solution to climate challenges without India being central to that. Australia will become a renewable energy superpower, given its location. India will be too, and therefore, there are great opportunities to collaborate and work together.
“Australia is blessed with natural resources, critical earth minerals that can help in the production of renewables. Hence, this partnership will help India meet the growing energy demands,” he said.
“Education is about growing an economy; it is also about creating opportunities. Education is the key to productivity, new ideas and more efficiency. It not only benefits individuals but also societies,” he added.
Albanese asserted that India’s development has been “extraordinary”. “The perception of India in the world (today) is very different from what it was in 1991, when I had visited the country for the first time, and this is a great tribute to the people essentially,” he said.
Noting that India is a natural leader in the Indian Ocean region and the world’s fastest growing major economy, Albanese said, “India and Australia are natural partners. Together, we can do more and we will do more for a shared future based on common interests and visions for embracing a better tomorrow.”
“India and Australia need to be strategic partners in the Indo-Pacific in a much deeper sense and not just in defence and security,” he added.


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Nancy Ortins Savage, Ph.D.
NRC Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
Ph.D., Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
B.S. Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
Professor Savage joined the University of New Haven in 2005. She received her Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, NY and attended the graduate program in Chemistry at The Ohio State University, where she investigated materials as high-temperature, harsh-condition gas sensors. Dr. Savage was the recipient of a National Research Council (NRC) postodoctoral fellowship, which supported her work at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, MD. At NIST, she developed a methodology for integrating sol-gel materials with micro-machined sensing platforms. She recently spent a sabbatical semester at the University of Connecticut synthesizing and characterizing mesoporous materials for catalytic applications.
Dr. Savage’s research interests are within the broad area of materials chemistry. She continues to investigate new materials for chemical sensing applications, particularly composites of metal oxides with conducting polymers. Additionally, she is interested in applications for materials prepared using the electrospinning method, such as analytical separations. During her time at the University of New Haven, Dr. Savage has mentored numerous undergraduate students for summer research and thesis projects.
- Professor, University of New Haven, Fall 2017 - Present
- Associate Professor, University of New Haven, Fall 2011 - Spring 2017
- Assistant Professor, University of New Haven, Fall 2005 - Spring 2011
- Adjunct Faculty, University of Hartford, 2005
- Adjunct Faculty, University of Connecticut, Hartford, 2004-2005
- Adjunct Faculty, Saint Joseph College, 2003-2005
- Adjunct Faculty, Quinnipiac University, 2003
Published Books and Articles
Abigail Freyer*, Nancy Ortins Savage‡, Electrospun Silica Nanofiber Mats:Effects of Sol Viscosity and Application to Thin Layer Chromatography. In The Science and Function of Nanomaterials, ACS Symposium Series volume 1183. Harper-Leatherman, H., Solbrig, C. Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington D.C., 2014.See More
Bishwanath Dutta, Sourav Biswas, Vinit Sharma, Nancy Ortins Savage, S. Pamir Alpay, Steven L. Suib, "Mesoporous Manganese Oxide Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Anilines To Aromatic Azo Compounds," Angew. Chem. 2016, 128, 2211.
Abigail Freyer*, Nancy Ortins Savage‡, Electrospun Silica Nanofiber Mats:Effects of Sol Viscosity and Application to Thin Layer Chromatography. In The Science and Function of Nanomaterials, ACS Symposium Series, Harper-Leatherman, H., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington D.C., Accepted.
Michael A. Collura, Shannon Ciston, and Nancy Ortins Savage, "Effect of freshman chemistry on student performance in sophomore engineering courses." American Society for Engineering Education. American Society for Engineering Education, 2011.
Nancy Ortins Savage, Samuel Daniels, Michael Collura, Inverting the Lecture Paradigm for a Multidisciplnary Course, American Society for Engineering Education Northeast Section Conference 2010 Proceedings, May 7-8, 2010.
Nancy Ortins Savage, "Gas sensing composites of metal oxides with vapor-deposited polypyrrole", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 143 (2009) 6-11
Nancy Ortins Savage, Sonya Roberson, Greg Gillen, Michael J. Tarlov, Steve Semancik, "Thermolithographic Patterning of Sol-Gel Metal Oxides on Microhotplate Sensing Arrays Using Organosilanes", Analytical Chemistry, 75 (2003) 4360-4367.
N. Savage, B. Chwieroth, A. Ginwalla, B.R. Patton, S.A. Akbar, P.K. Dutta "Composite n-p Semiconducting Titanium Oxides as Gas Sensors" Sensors and Actuators B, 79 (2001) 17-27.
N.O. Savage, S. A. Akbar, P.K. Dutta "Titanium Dioxide Based High Temperature Carbon Monoxide Sensors", Sensors and Actuators B, 72 (2001) 239-248.
N.J.Ortins, T. Kruger, P.K. Dutta, "Recent Advances in Raman Spectroscopy of Heterogeneous Catalysts" in Analytical Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, M. Pelletier, Editor, Blackwell Science Limited, 1999.
M.Vitale, N.B. Castagnola, N.J. Ortins, J.A. Brooke, A. Vaidyalingam, P.K. Dutta, "Intrazeolitic Photochemical Charge Separation for Ru(bpy)32+ Bipyridinium Systems: Role of the Zeolitic Structure", Journal of Physical Chemistry B 1999, 103, 2408-2416.
- NSF-MRI, Award # 1531585, MRI: Acquisition of an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) System, Principle Investigator: Nancy Savage, Co-Principle Investigator, Saion K. Sinha, 2015-2017, $197,376.
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2012-2013, $2000
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2011-2012, $1800
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2010-2011, $2000
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2009-2010, $2000
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2008-2009, $1950
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2007-2008, $1875
- University of New Haven Faculty Research Award, 2006-2007, $2000
- Connecticut Space Grant Consortium Faculty Research Award, 2006-2007, $6000
- University of New Haven Summer Faculty Fellowship, 2006.
University of New Haven "Excellence in Service" Award, 2013.
Connecticut Quality Improvement Award "Silver Prize" for The Summer Institute For Young Women, 2008.
- CHEM 1115, CHEM 1116 General Chemistry I and II
- CHEM 2211 Quantitative Methods of Analysis with Lab
- CHEM 2221 Instrumental Methods of Analysis with Lab
- CHEM 3332 Physical Chemistry 2
- CHEM 3333, CHEM 3334 Physical Chemistry I and II Lab
- CHEM 4412 Chemistry Seminar
- EASC 2213 Materials in Engineering Systems

domain: chemistry


LONDON, ENGLAND - NOVEMBER 24: A selection of online dating app logos are seen on a mobile phone screen on November 24, 2016 in London, England. Following a number of deaths linked to the use of anonymous online dating apps, the police have warned users to be aware of the risks involved, following the growth in the scale of violence and sexual assaults linked to their use. (Photo by Leon Neal/Getty Images)
Now THIS is what artificial intelligence should be used for . . .
The dating app Bumble is launching a new feature that uses AI to warn you when someone sends you an unsolicited pic of their junk.
The feature is set to roll out in June, and when it warns you about a graphic picture, you can choose to look at it . . . or have it automatically deleted. It also gives you the option to report it.


text:
The truth about veganism
Abruptly in July, I became vegan with no prior plant-based diet. Along the way, many family members and friends supported my decision but didn’t know a whole lot about the subject. They asked me questions, to which I responded, “Do you really want to know?” just to be sure I wasn’t going to be starting an argument.
Because I get many questions and comments, I decided to answer them here.
“You’re going to be skin and bones in a few months! You have no protein!”
After eating a healthy vegan diet for the last five months, I’ve lost 20 pounds. Before this, I was eating boxed macaroni and a bag of potato chips for dinner, so there was no surprise. Anyone who switches from an unhealthy diet to a healthy diet is most likely to lose weight regardless of if it’s a meat diet or not. But, I am definitely not skin and bones.
In fact, many people who are eating a meat diet are not getting the right kind of protein. All protein comes from plants to begin with. So, eating a steak or a chicken sandwich, means you’re actually eating secondhand protein. First, the animal gets the protein from the plant and then you get the protein from the animal. Protein from animals is not very good for humans either. Our bodies have to do extra work in order to process animal protein rather than plant protein.
Everyone would benefit from being a little less worried about protein and a little more worried about vitamins, healthy fats, healthy carbs, and fiber. Protein deficiency is extremely rare, if not non-existent, even in vegans. However, things like iron deficiencies, vitamin D deficiencies, and calcium deficiencies are far more common among all people.
“Finding things to eat must be so hard. How do you do it?”
There is some truth to this statement. Finding things to eat can be tough on my mom. She has to satisfy my dad, a huge meat eater, and me…a vegan. We’ve tried so many different foods and a large majority have been delicious. My mom has come up with new recipes that even my dad seems to like. My family, including my dad, has cut down on animal products since I became vegan. So, although finding new recipes that both my dad and me will enjoy is hard, it’s totally worth it.
We have also tried a variety of different vegan meats and cheese. To my surprise, sometimes my family would enjoy these things more than me; one of them being vegan crab cakes. My mom loved these and was surprised at how similar they tasted to the real thing. I just found it scary how similar the two were.
The more I try these vegan alternatives, the more I realize I don’t need or want the alternatives.
My mom and I have recently been trying to create the perfect vegan macaroni as that was once my favorite food. So far, we’ve tried three totally different recipes and I think we’re getting really close to finding the perfect one. It has been a bonding experience for my mom and me.
On Thanksgiving, we made vegan loaded sweet potatoes as well as vegan stuffing. On Christmas, we plan to do something similar. Having vegan meals during the holidays brings up conversations about veganism in my family, and they now always make sure to include me in family meals.
“So are you like a plant hippie now?”
Well, no. I am the same person I was before I was vegan, just a different diet and a different mindset on what it means to be cruelty-free. Sometimes It’s hard for people to understand that to become vegan, you don’t need to be a hippie.
Being vegan does not always equate to being healthy, either. There are tons of vegan junk foods that I myself have indulged in. Being vegan and healthy is another choice you have to make when deciding to cut out meat and dairy.
Also, I think it’s a great misconception that all vegans love eating plants. I do love some good spinach or broccoli, but I care more about animals than I do plants. I am vegan because I love animals, not because I love plants.
“Local farms treat the animals better. Why don’t you just buy locally?”
In my opinion, there’s nothing humane about killing another being that does not wish to be killed. Just like your dog, cat, or even your goldfish, animals have a will to live and protect themselves. Cows love being pet and pigs love belly rubs. They are equal to your average pet.
Farmers cannot afford, or care, to spend their time putting animals down like we would cats and dogs when they get old. Pretty much all farms use the method of butchering as their way of killing. Even if they did use some sort of euthanasia, animals are still confined in small spaces or sometimes cages for the duration of their short life producing eggs and milk like crazy, and that isn’t right to me.
Overall, I don’t support any type of animal killing or trapping. Whether it’s local or done in a mass production facility far away, there are no significant differences in the cruelty.
“You must be so tired all the time. How do you do it?”
Immediately after becoming vegan I had a lot of energy and I was noticeably happier. Over the past 5 months, almost every time I go to see my family, they comment on how happy and generally alive I look. Although veganism is not a cure for sadness, it has definitely made me feel better.
I find it easier to get up in the morning, resist afternoon naps, and get my work done. Social events are no longer a struggle that drags on. I’m excited to do things, see my family, and be a happier person.
Also, last year and the year before that I was sick all the time. In the span of two years, I had the flu, pneumonia, two ear infections, a sinus infection and a stomach virus. Since I became vegan, I’ve had nothing more than a small cold.
“I feel like you’re judging me when I eat meat.”
Most of the time, I don’t really care if someone is eating meat next to me. I mean I would love it if they became vegan but pushing my views onto someone isn’t going to change their diet. There are rare occasions where I’m particularly disgusted by meat or dairy, but I’d never say it out loud.
The only way to really get someone to understand the effects of veganism is to answer questions only when asked and to show them without saying anything what veganism can do for your body.
Overall, I love talking about being vegan and I love answering curious questions. I think it’s definitely important for vegans and vegetarians to not just blow off questions but instead educate people in a non-aggressive way.

domain: food


text:
In 1997 the library celebrated 75 years of service as an incorporated public entity. Much has changed since the era of the flappers, Warren G. Harding's presidency and the Babe, but a constant remains-the heavy use the public library receives and its central position in Teaneck daily life. People borrowed 442,000 items from the library in 1997, a new record for a banner year. People attended a wide variety of programs through the year to be informed, entertained, and to enjoy their neighbor's company. The library noted its anniversary by commissioning a coverlet of Teaneck scenes. The coverlet, which features prominent Teaneck landmarks, was produced by the firm We Love Country. It remains on sale at the library.
On September 27, the library held a ceremony in its courtyard to mark its 75th anniversary. The day was also the occasion for the dedication of the Children's Room as the Brad and Peter K. Menkes Children's Room. The Menkes Family has been active in community life for years. They have also been supporters of the library through establishment of an endowment in honor of Peter who died in his twenties in an automobile accident. In early 1997, Brad Menkes, former Teaneck councilman, died and the library's Board of Trustees decided to honor the family's long term community service by renaming the Children's Room. County Executive Pat Schuber, Mayor Paul Ostrow, and other dignitaries attended the ceremony.
1997 was also a banner year for gifts to the library. Your Library received a number of gifts which enabled the library to maintain and enhance services. First word was received in 1997 about the bequest made to the library from the estate of Mayer Brown. While the full news wasn't revealed until March of 1998 and hence will be covered in next year's report his gift is the largest in the library's history. Russell Lee made a generous contribution to honor his late parents, Virginia and Clarence Lee. Funds from the gift were utilized to acquire a number of gardening books, with assistance from the Teaneck Garden Club. Sue Brody again made a gift to the library in honor of her husband, Arthur. The compact disc collection, which now numbers nearly 7,000, was the focus of the gift. The family of Grace Pologe presented the library with a beautiful wooden sculpture which graces the library courtyard. The New Jersey Council on the Humanities selected your library as one of five in the state to receive a set of 75 books that were nominated for New Jersey book of the year. The Balter Foundation made a gift to permit the library to add a number of works of contemporary poetry.
In 1997 access to the Internet was expanded so that residents could sign up for one of three terminals. People accessing the web used the service to an increasing degree during the course of the year. The library began switching from "dumb" terminals to personal computers at all service desks and at catalog terminals as the system was upgraded to take advantage of the Internet. At year end, scheduled upgrading of the remaining catalog terminals was in place for 1998. Also on tap was an upgrade in the phone line to provide T-1 (high speed) service instead of the 56k line that was used in 1997. At seminars on using the Internet, the library stressed that its service was much better than what you'd find at home with AOL, Prodigy, and other Internet providers.
The Library's Virtual Village Project made major advancements in 1997 due to the efforts of Teaneck H.S. students Greg Pelly and Cherie Vargas. The former served as Web master for the library's Home Page, which features links to New Jersey information sites, a full copy of the report you are now reading, and an increasing amount of historical material on Teaneck. The latter consists largely of photographs--Mayors, parks, uniformed services, etc. The library's Web page attracted email and queries from as far afield as Michigan, Arizona, and Stockholm, Sweden. Visit us at www.teaneck.org.
The Friends of the Library continued to be an active organization in 1997. Many people attended their film screenings that were held year round in the library auditorium. Their fall book sale was a highly successful community event. Consider joining today!
As always, the Children's Department provided a tremendous level of service to the Teaneck community. Their programs, collections, and other activities drew hordes of people year round. It is a great challenge to keep up with the demands for service and the workload involved. It is a very positive burden as the library is delighted to see so many children using this facility.
Information about the Library
Back to Image Map of Teaneck's Municipal Services
Back to Text-Only Listing of Municipal Services

domain: library


Nobody wants a cold, moldy finished basement, but that’s exactly what many homeowners get after they’ve spend tens of thousands of dollars finishing their basements. Why? Failure to recognize three key Canadian basement finishing facts. Even a surprising number of contractors don’t take these seriously enough:
Fact#1: Never install carpet directly on concrete.
Failure to take this fact seriously won’t absolutely guarantee your basement will smell musty in time, but it is a really good start. And make no mistake. If your basement smells musty it means air quality in your entire home is lower than it should be. Even underpad between the carpet and concrete floor won’t eliminate the risk, and the determination of air is the reason why.
Neither carpet nor underlay can stop the downward movement of basement air towards the underlying concrete floor. And if that basement air is warm enough and humid enough (as it often is during summer), it will lose some of its moisture as it sinks into the carpet pile, cooling as it gets closer to cool concrete and leaving droplets behind.
The solution? Install a basement subfloor that’s also made to act as a vapour barrier. The most widely available subfloor tiles in Canada come from a company called DRICORE, and they make a big difference in the finished project. Effective basement subfloors stops basement air from getting near the concrete floor, keeping that air warmer and condensation-free. Click here to learn more about basement subfloor installation with my detailed online basement finishing course. It’s for people wanting to do the work themselves or hire a contractor intelligently. This course is free until October 2020.
Fact#2: You need cold air return ducts.
Most Canadian homes have forced air heating systems, and the furnaces behind these systems are usually more than powerful enough to heat basements comfortably after finishing. The reason too many finished basements in this country are not warm enough in winter is because the furnace never has a chance to warm the cool basement air. Improper cold air return ducts are the reason why.
Forced air furnaces operate by heating air, distributing it around your house, then drawing that same air back into the system for reheating. And while it’s not always convenient to extend cold air return ducts down to the basement floor, that is what’s necessary for proper basement heating. Without floor-level cold air returns ducts near the floor, pockets of lukewarm air will remain in your basement, never able to gain enough heat no matter how hot you make the rest of the house.
Fact#3: Let your basement prove it’s bet-your-life dry.
Enthusiasm is probably one motivation behind your basement finishing plans, but enthusiasm can also lead you into a nightmare if it’s not tempered with good old boring common sense. What does this mean for basement finishing? Never finish a basement without at least one year of absolutely dry performance in all seasons. And to be honest, you could still have a leaky basement several years out, when an exceptionally wet season happens. The issue with leaks is vital because even a little leaked water can trigger a lot of irreparable mold growth and the poor indoor air quality this creates.
Take these facts seriously and you’ll be that much more likely to enjoy mold-free performance from your finished basement spaces.
Steve Maxwell and his wife Mary live on a 90-acre modern homestead on Manitoulin Island, Ontario in a stone house they built with local materials beginning in 1985. Steve is Canada’s longest-running home improvement and how-to columnist and editor of Home and Property. He divides his time working on the land, building things large and small, and creating articles and how-to videos that teach sustainable, self-reliant, hands-on living skills.


text:
LEAN & MEAN MANAGING HEART DISEASE
(Book 3 of 4)
CORRECT FAT LIVING
Our hearts love plant fat but cannot stay healthy with the amount of animal fat we consume in America. The topic of fats is overwhelming and confusing. This book provides a helpful understanding of the fats we eat, the fats in our blood, and how to improve both--to decrease our risk for heart disease--the number one killer of Americans. We cannot improve cholesterol levels unless we increase plant fat in our food choices, while decreasing animal fat at the same time.


2Gal 8L DIY Alcohol Distiller Moonshine Ethanol Copper Still Stainless Boiler
This product is fabricated from pure stainless steel. The design incorporates an independent airway to allow the distillate to rise faster and delivery a higher purity. This is a sophisticated and versatile piece of equipment.
This multifunctional equipment can be used for: distilling fruit wine, distilling water, purifying water, distilling brandy, and refining plant extracts for medicinal purposes.
The construction is all Stainless steel which has been argon welded thus avoiding any of the health problems associated with copper and solder constructed stills.
The boiler dimensions are 27 cm diameter, boiler height 20 cm
It is use copper pipe make the cooling coil (worm)
1.Stainless steel boiler with thermometer
2.Copper cooler with stainless steel cup and copper pipe
3.Water hose with water inlet connect your house tap
4.Air vent valve use for ferment
5.Print instructions (it included how to make moonshine and recipes)
The unit all handmade,all have a little dent,when you buy it before,please make sure you can accept it.
(not include)You will need : yeast,water supply,heat source(I suggest use induction cooker or gas stove)
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text:
Hyderabad: October 7(Wednesday), heritage experts claim, is the foundation day of the Hyderabad City. In a panel discussion held by the Hyderabad Trails commemorating Hyderabad’s 429th foundation year, they highlighted a need for having an official date.
Historian Sajjad Shahid said: “Initial celebrations of the city’s foundation were held in 1958 in a three-day event, of which there is a comprehensive record. But the celebrations fizzled out year after year.” Shahid said a convenient date can be fixed, which can be celebrated every year.
Pitching for October 7 to be considered as foundation day, the founder of Hyderabad Trials Gopala Krishna said, “Most people are unaware that this was the day when the city was born. In 1591, when the moon was in the constellation of Leo, Jupiter in its own abode, and all celestial planets favorably placed, Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah laid the foundation of the city. So, that makes today the 429th birthday of our dear city.”
Speaking about the need for commemoration of this event by fixing a date, he said: “These events are reminders that we are a continuation of the past, and that we have evolved collectively as a people from the journey traversed together across centuries. And this collective evolution as a city, defines who we are, underlining the values that have become a part of our living heritage.”
Conservation architect, Vasantha Shoba said: “Earlier, without social media, it was very difficult to commemorate the occasion, but now, creating awareness is easier.”

domain: history


Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return
- Latest Revision
- Updated: 11/23/2019
- Successful Requests: 1,036,357
Form 1040 is used by U.S. taxpayers to file an annual income tax return.
For Tax Year 2018, you will no longer use Form 1040-A or Form 1040-EZ, but instead will use the redesigned Form 1040. Many people will only need to file Form 1040 and no schedules.
Individuals who filed their federal tax return electronically last year may not notice any changes, as the tax return preparation software will automatically use their answers to the tax questions to complete the Form 1040 and any needed schedules.


text:
PASTEL OMBRE SKY SPORT SHORTS
Pastel ombre shorts with comfy pockets with with rubber band.
Perfect for home wear, training or street style. You will love this and we promise this is going to be Your
This print is created by Tallinn Dolls from a photo of a sky with all the colors of sunrise.
Care instruction: Machine Wash
Model is 176 cm tall and wearing size XS.

domain: artistic


text:
Pets Grooming Brush: Pet Grooming Comb can handle pet's loose hair, dirt and tangles easily, massage pet's fur and enhance blood circulation. Especially when the pet's hair is long and easy to tangle, it will be more effective to use this grooming comb first. It is suitable for pets with hair, such as dogs, cats or rabbits etc.
Safe & Comfortable Bristles: Pet grooming comb is slightly curved, designed to go deep under the pet's fur for cleaning. The massage particles will not scratch the pet's skin, giving your pet a fun and pleasant grooming experience.
Self-Cleaning Needle Comb: After brushing off the hair with Pet Brush, press the cleaning button to remove the residual hair on the brush. Takes only about 5 seconds to clean due to the slicker brushes clever self cleaning feature. This significantly saves the time and energy for grooming and cleaning.
Non-slip & Durable Pet brush handle: Dog and cat grooming brush is designed with a comfortable and ergonomic handle with non-slip texture, which reduces the pressure on the hands. It can prevent hand and wrist strain no matter how long you brush your pet.
Pets Massage Brush: Pet Slicker Brush doing massage for your pet is good for preventing skin disease and increasing blood circulation and leaves your pets coat soft and shiny! Your Pet will love being brushed ! Highly recommended by pet owners, vets, and professional groomers.
Round Pet Sniffing Pad
Provide your Frenchie with an awesome brain exercise and prevent him/her from suffering from separation anxiety too with this French Bulldog Sniffing Stress Release Mat. Discover how!
Great to use when you need to keep your dog entertained
Interactive French bulldog toys that will occupy your dog’s attention
Made of quality felt fabric that is resistant to bite
Why we love it?
This Stress releasing snuffle mat is perfect for Frenchies that act like Velcros. By using this interactive dog toy, you’ll be able to have more time to finish errands at home. Whether you want to leave the house or you want to have a rest, this Stress releasing snuffle mat for French bulldog is an ultimate solution for anxious dogs. The smell of the food will occupy his attention and attract him to find the treat. It’s also made of bite-resistant material, so it’s also suitable for dogs who go through a teething phase.
Feeding Dog Toys
ALWAYS WANT TO TRAIN YOUR DOGGIE TO BECOME SMARTER?
Always want to train and interact with your doggie to become smarter? This Dog Puzzle Toywill definitely help you with your problems! A booster that helps your furry friend's brain grows!
Encourage and train your dog to seek food by sliding the parts, helping to increase IQ by learning sequential steps through challenging play. Use challenge game toys to help reduce boredom, prevent pet anxiety, and provide pets with great stress relief. The PVC material is durable and chew-resistant.
Prevent bloating & improper digestion of your dog.
Slow down feeding time.
Reducesboredom & destructive behavior.
Reduces pet anxiety.
Safe design, made of non-toxic PVC material.
Abrasion & chew resistant, safe and reliable.
Non-slip pads on the bottom provide stability and safety.
Sturdy screws will improve the construct to secure the food bowl.
Easy to clean with warm water and soap between uses.
Shape: Hexagonal / Round / Footprint
1 X Dog Puzzle Toy
Pet Hair Removal Knife Comb
1. It works greatly on all shedding, long and short-haired dogs, cats etc.
2. This comb features sharp hardened steel serrated blades that can tackle unmanageable mats and tough tangles quickly and efficiently while maintaining coat length.
3. Suitable for pet fur grooming and daily massage, make your pet fur shinier
Right-hand: 210 * 170mm
Reusable Pet Urine Pad
Tired of your pet turning your house into a bathroom? Still going to the store and buying hundreds of pee sheets every month that leak or wasteful tissues that drain hundreds of dollars per year? We've been there too and so have 95% of our pad users! Would you rather spend your money on 2 reusable Eco-friendly pads a year or a 1000 wasteful sheets a year?
Not only can our pads be used for potty training or leaving your pet inside for long periods of time, it's a perfect replacement for a pet mat and a perfect solution for road-trips, protecting furniture and flooring & relieving the stress and hassle of cleaning up accidental mess.
Pet Dog Interactive Suction Cup Push Ball Toys
About this item
HIGH QUALITY--This dog’s chew toy is made of imported TPR material, it adopts a reinforcement design and comes with a cotton dog bite rope, which can resist the dog’s long time biting.
PERFECT DESIGN--This is a multifunctional toy for dogs to play outdoor. It integrates the functions of tug-of-war, squeaking, leaking food, molar and dog chew cotton rope, which brings a more happy experience to medium and big dogs.
EASY TO USE--Fixed the tie-out stick on the outdoor lawn or the ground, and directly leave the molar ball for the dog to play. When you go to the park and go play soccer with friends, it’s steady and has a great grip on your dog. As this toy consumes a lot of the dog’s energy, so that we recommend the dog play 20-30 minutes each time, then the dog can walk itself.
WIDELY USED-- The dog tie-outs & stakes toy is designed with a powerful tetherball with high elastic rope, you can fix the tie-out stick on many different occasions, such as front or back yard, park, soccer field, or rope on a tree or a stable pole. Also, you can hold the end of the rope to play with your dog that promotes your relationship.
Pet 360 Washing Sprayers
ACIRCULAR DOG SHOWERFOREASY DOG BATHS!
The best pet grooming tool for safely and easily washing and rinsing dogs of all sizes in less than one minute.
Make the cleansing process gentler and faster;mobile pet grooming washer washes hard-to-reach areas.
Just attach the pet washer to any garden hose and add the dog shampoo of your choice to the dispenser.
Washing your pet will be a chore no more with the washer.
Slip the hoop over your dog and slide to turn on; theshampoo and water mixinstantly towash your pupfrom head to toeusing Washer suds and rinse modes.
Material: ABS + PP.
1 x Pet Washer.
Reflective All-weather Waterproof Dog Rain Coat
This astonishingly reflective raincoat shines brilliantly in the light of oncoming vehicle headlights.
High Brightness, Safe in the night
Dirt- & Wind-proof
Collar or Harness Attachment Opening
Changeable Velcro Emblems
Sign Up To Receive Exclusive Discounts For Being Part Of The Family 🐶

domain: pet


text:
- "Electromagnetic Waves in Conducting Tubes", Phys. Rev. 52, 1078 - 1078, November 1937.
- "On Diffraction and Radiation of Electromagnetic Waves", Phys. Rev. 56, 308, 1939.
- Electromagnetic waves, New York : D. Van Nostrand Company, 1943.
- Advanced antenna theory, New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1952.
- Antennas: Theory and Practice, Sergei A. Schelkunoff and Harald T. Friis, Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1952.
- «Electromagnetic Fields», Blaisdell Publishing Company/A Division of Random House, 1963.
- U.S. Patent 2,372,228 -- Ultra short wave radio system -- Bell Laboratories
Read more about this topic: Sergei Alexander Schelkunoff
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—Gwen Morgan (20th century)