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Name: Nanette Buchanan
Title: Holiday Spirit
The holidays are upon us and as we wish “Happy Holidays” to everyone, most are looking forward to the holiday discounts. The “holiday spirit” of today shares little to no connection to the “holiday spirit” of years ago. Listening to elders as they talk of their family times, the cooking, sharing of gifts, donations and celebrations, the holidays consisted of religious and family values. There was little talk of spending or the anxiety of “Black Friday” or internet sales. Church worship, football games, family visits, charitable events, and eating filled the holidays. The commercialized holidays activities and ads have all but taken over the airwaves before and after the “Happy Holiday.”
The spiritual vs. the material during religious holidays and the other holidays are valued as a break from the norm. The anticipation, unless there is a personal connection to the holiday, is about a shopper’s advantage.
As we scan the holidays, there are twelve that most of us observe without question. The year starts with one of the first holidays, Martin Luther King’s Birthday, held in January. In observance of this great man, his birthday is often celebrated as the prelude to Black History Month. In schools and homes, the reminder of the marches, protests and riots is reiterated. It has become redundant, as opposed to the receptive. As history being passed on from the elders that lived during that time or were a part of the cause, our society has been disconnected from the facts and lost interest. President’s Day and Valentine’s Day are observed in February. Both President Washington and Lincoln share a birthday in the month and as such it is noted on one day. Most of the events for this day are politically related and seldom celebrated in anyone’s home despite having a day off from work and school. Valentine’s Day is a symbolization of romance, a day to express love to family and those we hold dear to our hearts. Most couples, dating or married buy gifts and rekindle the spark that started the relationship. Good Friday and Easter are next and though it is a religious holiday, we’ve grown accustom to the Easter Bunny, egg dying, and the egg hunts. Dressing up with new clothes from head to toe and attending church at sunrise is still a part of the tradition. This day the church is packed as it is the Sunday prior with Palm Sunday being observed. A week later the congregation returns to religion as usual without the fanfare. Memorial Day rolls in while grills are wiped down in preparation for the first cook-out. Most pray for good weather, while those connected emotionally to the true meaning visit burial sites or attend events honoring our deceased brethren who fought in our Military.
As the summer begins, Independence Day brings family gatherings, cook-outs, parades and fireworks. Once again we celebrate another historic event. Flags wave and our water downed history leaves most of today’s society oblivious to the true meaning of the holiday. As the weather changes, Veteran’s Day and Election Day make way for the politicians, more parades and final outdoor events. Halloween which was totally for the children has become quite popular for adults to masquerade as well. Costumes, parties, trick or treat candy and decorations have gone from knocking on doors to larger parties and celebrations. Halloween parades are popular, contest for originality and other categories are cause for it to become a well noted event although it is not a recognized day off. Thanksgiving has always been the day for big family gatherings, a day of thanks and secret recipes. Matriarchs of the families head up the large dinner at their homes where everyone feasts for days. Many visit house to house sharing the thanks and blessings they’ve had over the year. Christmas puts the turkey on the table again as gifts and decorations fill the house of families and friends. The exchange of gifts is common, as well as attending church, and charitable fundraisers. The end of the year and the beginning of a new is the ultimate celebration. In church as well as across the world all drop the ball on New Year’s Eve. The anticipation and the countdown is celebrated with carols, promising toasts, resolutions, and all night partying.
During the course of the year, usually two weeks prior and often too soon the commercials begin. Sending subliminal messages, retailers wait for their unsuspecting consumers to forget the original meaning for the holidays. This is an opportunity for an increase in sales as the discounts can’t be overlooked. Prices and discounts are noticeable and any avid shopper can tell you which holiday offers the largest bargain. Money is spent, returns are honored and there are consumers who would rather shop than spend the time with their families, at home or at church. This practice of saving, spending what consumers think is the best deal ever, continues to invade our homes year round, especially during the holidays.
I thought it was shameful that after the pushing, shoving and stampeding reported last year on “Black Friday,” why would anyone flood the stores again this year? There have been minor injuries as well as death during the rush for the big discount. The time has passed when you could shop and enjoy the crowd or the excitement of the children’s visit with Santa. It’s now a rush to chaos and this year “Black Friday” shopping began on Thanksgiving night for a few of the larger stores.
The internet has become the alternative for people like me. Although I can shop freely on my days off without the crowds, I am learning how to shop online. I don’t think I would purchase everything on line, but it sure beats the rush. Most online purchases have the same if not better, discounts.
The holidays and the true meanings of each or the purpose the day was declared a holiday is secondary. Why? Check the crowds that flock to the stores seeking fifty percent off the latest new trend. There are some items that cause that overzealous consumer to camp out in the parking lot of the store overnight. Being first or as close to it, guarantees your purchase. Electronics, designer clothes and shoes, handbags, you name it, someone is waiting to take the discount. When I was young each holiday became a memory and the years to follow became my collection of better times. Families prayed together, shared in gift giving, and gave praise. Church was first on Sunday with a great dinner to follow. Community sharing allowed families that had to give back and those that didn’t to be humble and volunteer to help others. Simple basics and common sense was a part of shopping and price comparison was a part of browsing or window shopping. As we evolved with better products, the educated consumer, and fantastic marketing, we lost our basic values. Most would share a sale before they passed a history or a religious book. We are destined to be shopaholics if we’re collecting coupons, reading the circulars, or simply watching the Home Shopping Network. This year I sat and watched the organized frenzy. Happy Holidays.


text: I visited Sutherland Farm a while back with art friends, in the Louisville area. We went there to paint. On the way, I saw this beautiful horse. He just looked like he wanted someone to stop and talk to him. So I did. He was so sweet. I enjoyed doing this painting, but it was definitely a challenge. I tried to capture the essence of this horse and the coolness of the early morning on the farm.

domain: artistic


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RELEASE – Singer-songwriter Lesley Pike is pleased to announce the release of her new album “Honey & Rust”, available August 31st via Fontana North.
Written and recorded between Toronto and London, England, the album features ten original tracks and includes collaborations with JUNO Award nominee Peter Katz, Reigning Days front man Daniel Steer, GRAMMY nominee Ari Hest and the UK’s beloved Jon Allen.
For “Honey & Rust”, Pike teamed up with Canadian producer Tim Abraham (Royal Wood, Peter Katz, Jadea Kelly) who worked on the majority of the tracks, with Allen co-producing “Dance Real Close” and a co-produce between Steer and Pike on “Muscle Memory” rounding it all out. The result is an album featuring Pike’s signature raw lyricism with a pop-rock infused throwback flavour; a blend of tracks that seamlessly transition from one to the next.
Known for her ability to blur the line between genres, heightened through years of song writing and touring, Pike has been described in the press as having the uncanny ability to translate half a minute of life experience into a profound musical statement. Her 2015 album “November” earned the Wilfrid Laurier Classical Music program alum critical acclaim, including a cover feature in the UK’s Acoustic Magazine and performances on Canada AM, BBC, CBC, SiriusXM and more.
Having shared the stage with such notable acts as Jason Mraz, Joan Osborne, Darius Rucker, Danny Michel and Jeremy Fisher, Pike is excited to once again showcase her musicality with the release of “Honey & Rust”. Fans can catch her on the road in Canada and the U.S. later this month with Chris Ayer before she heads overseas for a slew of European dates.
For more information, please visit:
HONEY & RUST TRACK LISTING:
1. Perfect Storm (featuring Ari Hest)
2. Spark (featuring Peter Katz)
3. All Across America
5. Muscle Memory
6. Not Too Late
7. Dance Real Close
8. Tug of War
9. In the Blood
10. Dance Real Close (V2 Bonus Track)
NORTH AMERICAN TOUR DATES
September 4 – Chicago, IL – Uncommon Ground Lakeview^
September 5 – Detroit, MI – 20 Front Street^
September 7 – Listowel, ON – The Warrington^
September 8 – Toronto, ON – Burdock^
September 9 – Montreal, QC – Bar L’Entre-Nous^
September 10 – Burlington, VT – Radio Bean^
September 11 – Boston, MA – Haymarket Lounge, City Winery^*
September 13 – New York, NY – Rockwood Music Hall^
September 14 – Philadelphia, PA – Bourbon & Branch^*
September 16 – Washington, DC – Songbyrd Music House^*
^ w/ Chris Ayer
* w/ Jesse Reuben


Having paid a reported £1.5m to get him, the I’m a Celebrity... producers wasted no time making Nigel Farage chew on the anus and penis of various animals this festive season.
On Day Two, the ex-MEP was treated to both on a slice of pizza in a bushtucker trial. “Is this what it’s come to?”, a surprisingly sedate Nigel wondered morosely, before gulping them back, perhaps dreaming of the claret he usually washes lunches down with at the East India Club, and wondering where his career is going next. Just think of the money, Nige.
And that wasn’t the end of Farage’s troubles. Back at the camp, the deliciously-accented Fred Sirieix of First Dates managed what several journalists have failed to do over the past few years: hold Nigel accountable for Brexit. “I thought it was shameful what you did” Fred fumed, angry at the demonisation of immigrants. Sirieix said the restaurants he works at – apparently he’s not an actor, which may be news to many – have been battered with red tape.
Farage just about roused himself to argue that the referendum was a good idea, saying the main benefit was “being self-governing… we’re in charge”. But that was the best he could offer, and even he agreed lots of things are much worse these days.
Despairing, food critic Grace Dent did what most of us opt for during political dust-ups these days, and invited her fellow campmates to go and do the washing up.
Asked what Boris Johnson is like, Nigel told campmates: "Entertaining in small doses” – not showing much self-awareness. He went on to say that behind closed doors, Johnson is “surprisingly introverted – you see this big act…” and muttered: “I think he’s one of the most disorganised people who’s ever lived… shambles”. Farage, of course, is far more put together.
It was definitely the Nigel show: we literally saw far too much of him, especially in a very unerotic shower scene. Presenter Josie Gibson, who caught a glimpse of his backside, whimpered: “I’ve seen worse… no I haven't”. Ant and Dec were having fun too, joking that Farage had “finally” become an MP after years of trying. “The MP stands for munching penis – but he’ll take it” they cackled, also having a pop at GB News and its low viewing figures. It all felt a bit like shooting UKIP in a barrel, but maybe that’s OK.
Elsewhere, there was Jamie-Lynn Spears, slightly mystifyingly acting like a big star, given that she’s only known to British audiences for having a feud with her sister Britney. “I miss my kids” Jamie-Lynn wept, leading to a baffling moment where Marvin from JLS and several other campmates serenaded her in a soothing bath. Oddly, she seemed cheered up by the ordeal. Only on I’m a Celebrity…
Tipped to win: Josie Gibson was a likeable presence, and is odds on with bookies to win, forming a tipsy seeming team with Hollyoaks actor Nick Pickard in their painting challenge – there’s no booze in the jungle, apparently, though we can't be sure. But the star of the episode was YouTuber Nella Rose, who overcame her suspicion of Farage to form a fun pairing during their gruesome eating task. “No one’s going to marry me after this” she joked, forcing down a particularly retch-inducing morsel.
I'm a Celebrity... is on ITV every weeknight at 9.15pm


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After a short break, the Legislature resumed work on Wednesday this week. However, there was little action on bills under consideration, with the exception of a handful of committees. As has been the case for several weeks now, the impasse over Medicaid expansion and the constitutional amendment on abortion has left little room for movement on other issues.
Looking ahead, there is just under a month left until first adjournment on April 3. At that point, typically all bills must have had hearings and committee action in order to be eligible for final passage before the end of the session. However, if the Legislature’s core business (including passing a budget) is not complete by then, the veto session—which begins April 27—could stretch well into May.
Meanwhile, KMS continues to communicate with legislators about a number of bills that could affect the practice of medicine in our state. This includes expressing our support for Medicaid expansion (SB 252) as well as working with legislators to find a potential path for the bill responding to the Hilburn ruling (SB 350). We will continue toupdate you on developments.
• • •
This week, there were a number of fatalities in western states from coronavirus (or COVID-19), following the first U.S. fatality on Feb. 29.
KDHE continues to report that there are no confirmed cases in Kansas and that officials are working to ensure that our state is ready if and when cases are confirmed. This week, KDHE officials indicated that COVID-19 tests can now be done in Topeka in about six hours—much quicker than the multiple days it previously took to get test results back from the CDC.
Find all KHDE coronavirus updates at: www.kdheks.gov/coronavirus.
• • •

domain: law


Blues at the Crossroads: Robert Johnson Centennial Concert Presented by Strathmore Thursday, February 17, 2011 at 8:00 PM Music Center at Strathmore
BLUES AT THE CROSSROADS
Robert Johnson Centennial Concert
Big Head Todd & The Monsters
David “Honeyboy” Edwards
Cedric Burnside & Lightnin’ Malcolm
The Blues, straight from the heart of the back country. With Bluesman David “Honeyboy” Edwards on board, Blues At The Crossroads has a direct connection back to the legend, as Edwards was playing with Robert Johnson the night he died.
The evening picks up the thread of Johnson’s legacy in Mississippi, at the junction of US Highways 61 & 49. The very crossroads where, as legend has it, Robert Johnson’s burning desire pushed him to make his deal with the devil—giving up his soul to write the baddest-ass blues the world had ever heard.
Listen to unreleased tracks from the upcoming album Blues at the Crossroad: 100 Years of Robert Johnson
LISTEN to Big Head Blues Club feat. Honeyboy Edwards - If I Had Possesion Over Judgement Day LISTEN to Big Head Blues Club with Cedric Burnside and Lightnin Malcolm - Ramblin' On My Mind LISTEN to Big Head Blues Club with Hubert Sumlin and Ruthie Foster - When You Gotta Good Friend


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Redox proteomic analysis reveals oxidative modifications of proteins by increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species during hypoxia adaptation of Aspergillus fumigatus.
At the site of infection, the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus faces abrupt changes in oxygen concentrations. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that elevated production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) under low oxygen conditions plays a regulatory role in modulating cellular responses for adaptation to hypoxia. To learn more about this process in A. fumigatus, we determined intracellular ROS production during hypoxia. Our results confirmed increased amounts of intracellular ROS in A. fumigatus exposed to decreased oxygen levels. Moreover, nuclear accumulation of the major oxidative stress regulator AfYap1 was observed after low oxygen cultivation. For further analysis, we applied iodoTMT labelling of redox-sensitive cysteine residues to identify proteins that are reversibly oxidised. This analysis revealed that proteins with important roles in maintaining redox balance and protein folding, such as the thioredoxin Asp f 29 and the protein disulphide PdiA, underwent substantial thiol modification under hypoxia. Our data also showed that the mitochondrial respiratory complex IV assembly protein Coa6 was significantly oxidised by hypoxic ROS. Deletion of the corresponding gene resulted in a complete absence of hypoxic growth, indicating the importance of complex IV during adaptation of A. fumigatus to oxygen-limiting conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

domain: biology


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Thank you so much, Cassandra Arsenault, of Local 12 News Cincinnati, for covering my 4 new murals in Avondale. Please follow the link below to see her piece.
Category Archives: news
A Taste of the Taft part one: a sneak peak of paintings in progress
For the last several months I have been working on new pieces that will be exhibited at the Taft Museum of Art on March 17th 2017. The exhibition Color + Rhythm, will feature art work inspired by the museum’s permanent collection. Preview some of my paintings in progress.
Camp Art Academy Welcomes Cedric Michael Cox
It was an honor to be one of the guest artists who visited the Camp Art Academy at the Clifton Cultural Arts Center. On June 30th, the students created mini-murals in response to my mural, Red Hot Blues, on the front lawn of the CCAC. In addition to learning about the work I do as a visual artist, campers also learned about Juan Gris and other Cubist painters that inspired the mural. Continue reading
Aeqai Reviews 30 Americans…. Plus The Region Phillip M. Meyers Jr. Gallery, U.C. Campus June 5 – July 10
The exhibit 30 Americans at the Cincinnati Art Museum showcases works by many of the most important African American artists of the last three decades. As a companion to this exhibition, the Art Academy of Cincinnati and the DAAP Galleries, University of Cincinnati will present “30 Americans Plus….The Region”—a two part exhibition that will recognize the diverse range of work offered by African American artists from our community.
A special thanks to Aeqai and writer Fran Watson for their insightful review of the 30 American Plus Exhibition at the Phillip M. Meyers Jr. Gallery at the University of Cincinnati.It is an honor to exhibit my work with such great talent. The UC exhibition includes, Ricci Michaels, Anissa Lewis, Thomas R. Phelps,Delora Buford-Buchanan, Brian Joiner, Joyce Phillips Young, Tarrence Corbin, Thom Shaw, Antonio Adams, Carolyn Mazloomi, Kyle E. & Kelly Phelps, Cynthia Lockhart, and Marc Lambert.
The Art Academy of Cincinnati exhibition includes Terence Hammonds, Carla Johnson, Stacey Broadnax, Dhani Jones, Melvin Grier, Jimi Jones, Everage King, Velma Morris, Dale Jackson, Althea Thompson, Jymi Bolden, Courtney Cooper, O’ Leary Bacon, and Kevin Harris. The Art Academy of Cincinnati exhibition will continue through the July 8th and the UC show will continue through July 10th. To read the review in Aeqai click here
Good Things Going Around Clifton
My good friend Lisa Desatnik and author of the Good Things Going Around featured The Clifton Cultural Arts Center Mural ” Red Hot Blues” in her latest blog.
Thanks Lisa. To read more follow this link


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A quilt is a special gift, one that can spread comfort to those in need. Through their generosity, the Hope Quilting Club has donated over 5,000 handmade blankets to those in the greatest of need. Hope Lutheran has partnered with Lutheran World Relief Organization to insure that families around the world will receive some of life’s essentials.
The beneficiary of these gifts come from chronic poverty and conflict. Your help could change lives.
How You Can Help…
Whether you have a few extra minutes to spare or a lot of extra fabric to share, a little generosity goes a long way when it comes to quilting for charity. No experience necessary.
- Come to Hope Lutheran Church, located at 15370 Meridith State Road, Sunbury, OH, on the last full weekend of the month.
- Have little ones at home or a troop you would like to get started with charitable giving? We have many options for them to contribute. Learn how to hem, tie knots for the quilts and thread needles.
- Don’t know how to sew? No problem! We have volunteers that can show you the basics of sewing and there are other ways you can volunteer.
- Pick up a quilting kit: We have material you can cut into 10” square blocks. You can cut them at home and bring them in on Saturday and help stitch them together.
- Donate material: we accept all material with the exception of knit and wool.
Have questions? Please contact us.
Contact: Donna Orders
When: The last full weekend of each month: Friday 9am – 9pm and Saturday 9am – 4pm
15370 Meredith State Road, Sunbury, OH

domain: hobby


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There are other Roman history "experts" who believe that
these waterways were simply built for land drainage.
But the Romans were - simply because they were here -
experienced sailors, and because these inland waterways connected the sea to
an important city and then on to an equally important navigable river, it
seems hard to believe that they did not use them as navigations.
Further evidence is found at Torksey, a port that grew
around the junction of the Foss Dyke and River
Not many towns grow up around the ends of drains!!
Another waterway, very similar to Foss Dyke, named Car Dyke, was also built by the Romans.
It headed south from Lincoln towards the River Cam near Cambridge.
Dark Ages After the departure of the Romans it is thought that the Foss Dyke was left to
decay. This is highly likely as the Britons, when left to fend for themselves, did not even maintain the
excellent roads that they had inherited so maintaining a waterway would appear to have been well beyond them.
However, there is some evidence that the Foss Dyke continued to be used as a link from the River Trent to
This, once again, comes at Torksey which remained a fairly prosperous town despite not being
on a major road between any large towns. During these centuries, the River Witham and the Foss Dyke were both
navigable enough to allow the Dane's to travel along them - invading the local towns as they came.
Proof that the Foss Dyke was used by boats comes from the reign of Edward the Confessor.
The King's Monetari in Nottingham had (among his other duties) "the care of the Foss Dyke
and navigations thereon".
Thirty five years after William the Conqueror's Doomsday Book had reported 111 resident burgesses (inhabitants)
in Torksey, Bishop Atwater, under instructions from Henry I, improved the Foss Dyke by "scouring the channel".
Some historians have claimed Henry actually built the canal which survives today but it is more widely believed
that he merely restored the Roman cut which had already been in existence for around a thousand years. Still -
this must go down as Britain's first ever canal restoration!
The Foss Dyke became so badly silted up (after 210 years of no maintenance!) that the government had to force
local inhabitants to clean up the navigation. Similar orders were issued just 30 years later and once again in
A sluice was built on the River Witham Navigation at Boston, presumably to make the river non-tidal. Another
sluice was also built at Langrick a few miles further upstream.
After nearly 500 years of Royal ownership, James I decided the maintenance of the Foss Dyke was costing the
Realm far too much so he kindly gave it away to Lincoln city!
Lincoln was not any more keen on maintaining the Foss Dyke than the government had been. The waterway soon fell
into decay and by this time traffic had virtually ceased, having given up the fight to navigate the dyke.
Lincoln obtained an Act of Parliament allowing it to make improvements (or virtually fully restore) the Foss
Dyke and River Witham between the River Trent and Boston. In the end they restored the Foss Dyke, Brayford Pool
in Lincoln and the first 100 yards of the River Witham Navigation from Brayford Pool to High Bridge.
Lincoln sold a third share of the Foss Dyke and used the money to develop Brayford Pool in the centre of the
city. Wharves and warehouses were built and the pool became a busy port. The dyke was well used for a number of
decades after this with small boats being able to bring goods from Torksey, having reached that town via the
Less than ½ a century after the Lincoln improvements, the Foss Dyke was once again impassable. Boats had
stopped using the waterway and Brayford Pool lost its importance. It would seem that, from time to time at
least, the authorities saw the advantages of opening the waterway but none of them ever realised that it would
not stay open by itself - or they simply were not prepared to pay for its upkeep.
During all this time, very little was done to maintain or upgrade the River Witham so a decision to carry out a
thorough survey from Lincoln to Boston was made. However, it was not until 1733 that a report was presented by
Meanwhile, the Foss Dyke was also being completely neglected and few boats were bothering to attempt passage.
By now the one third share, that Lincoln city had sold in 1672, belonged to a Robert Peart who mortgaged it for
£750 to a James Humberston.
The Foss Dyke reached its all time low during this period of its existence - its income was just £66 for the
Back on the River Witham James Scribo's report was heard, causing great alarm. He said that
the river was not only close to being lost forever as a navigation but its poor maintenance was threatening the
nearby low lying land which it drained. Several urgent meetings were held and an application was sent to
Parliament for the critical repairs but nothing was actually done at this point.
In "Diaries and Letters Vol. 2" by William Stukeley it was written that hay laden waggons were seen crossing
the Foss Dyke bound for Lincoln. This was despite the waterway still being officially open for navigation.
Clearly the carriers of such hay felt the dyke was more trouble than it was worth though coal - maybe because
it is somewhat heavier than hay - was reported to have arrived in Lincoln via the dyke at an average rate of
1,357 tons per year. By now however, it was obvious to Lincoln city that they could not afford to maintain the
waterway and they realised they did not have the expertise to improve it. Hence, they leased the whole waterway
to a Richard Ellison who had previously been associated with the River Don Navigation in South Yorkshire.
Ellison took over the lease on New Years day at a rent of £50 per year to Lincoln city and £25 per year to
James Humberston.Ellison immediately began to restore the Foss Dyke. The work took 3 years to complete though
Ellison died just before the channel was re-opened. His son, Richard Ellison II, took over and the route from
Torksey to Lincoln was re-opened in 1744.
Before Ellison's take-over, the Foss Dyke had been lucky to earn £100 a year. Within 2 years of the re-opening,
the waterway brought in an income of £595, within 15 years this had risen to £1,000.
With the Foss Dyke back in business, Lincoln began to look at the River Witham again. There were differing
opinions on its potential use as the people with drainage needs were not keen on boats using the river. Lincoln
themselves were concerned that if they didn't restore the river themselves, they may lose their rights (along
the city portion of the river) to a river commission. Although many ideas and discussions were held, nothing
was actually done.
Land owners between Boston and Lincoln along the River Witham asked John Grundy, Langley Edwards and John
Smeaton to make surveys with a view to improving navigable standards.
A Bill, put together by the land owners (with backing from Boston council), went to Parliament seeking
authority to take over control of the River Witham. The Bill was strongly opposed by Lincoln city on the
grounds that the river navigation would steal vital water from the connecting Foss Dyke Navigation. They were
also concerned about losing control of the river within their town centre.Towns as far away as Rotherham and
Rochdale joined the Lincoln objections as they were quite reliant on farm produce from Lincolnshire. Despite
the strong objections, Parliament authorised the Act on June 2nd. The Act authorised a commission who then set
up two separate groups - one which would look after drainage interests and one which would develop the river
for navigational purposes. The Act gave the commissioners authority to make new cuts, build locks and generally
improve the river to navigable standards. In August the commissioners held their first meeting and soon
afterwards Langley Edwards was appointed as surveyor (the word "engineer" was not yet in use) with a salary of
£25 a year. His first job was simple enough, he had to install a chain at Stamp End near Washingborough where
the river reached the eastern edge of Lincoln. A toll of 2½d had to be paid before the chain would be lifted to
allow boats to pass. Edwards was also asked to survey the whole river and put a plan together to build a new
sluice at Boston. The commissioners created 120 shares of which Boston council bought 30 and Edwards bought
Boston Grand Sluice was opened with the two separate commission groups looking after their own interests. The
drainage commissioners regulated the water passing through the sluice while the navigation commissioners looked
after the adjoining lock through which boats past.
Locks were begun at Stamp End, Kirkstead, and Barlings but other urgent work had to wait as the commissioners
were struggling for money.
The Witham Navigation commissioners had to borrow £1,200 to continue with their upgrades. The river was not
enjoying the success that the Foss Dyke was, its income was feeble in comparison.While the Foss Dyke's tolls
were bringing in around £1,500 a year, the Witham Navigation could only manage around £300. Despite tolls being
charged at Stamp End Lock for boats coming off the Foss Dyke, the commissioners actual received very little
income from this lock. Only the smallest of boats (lighters) could fit under High Bridge in Lincoln city centre
and the Foss Dyke owners were not interested in helping the river commissioners by creating a navigable passage
for larger boats because they were still "unfriendly" towards the river and did not want it to steal their
water. The trouble with High Bridge was not just how low it was. It was almost a tunnel and had a 4 storey
Tudor house on top of it! The road which the bridge also carried was the busy main city street and the only
river crossing in the city at that time. Their were also important buildings all around, making widening or
bypassing the bridge impossible. Hence, there was no way the city would allow the river commissioners to knock
down the bridge or cut off or block the main street.
More bad news was to come for the Witham Navigation commissioners when it was revealed that a group of
businessmen in Sleaford, around 10 miles west of the Witham Navigation, had begun to promote the idea of a
canal from Sleaford to Lincoln. This would provide direct competition to the river but thankfully the proposals
never turned into anything more than just ideas at this stage.
A proposal was put forward to build a lock which would allow boats to move off the river and onto the drainage
dykes on the East and West Fens onthe north west side of Boston. The commissioners liked the idea but simply
did not have the money to build a lock at this time.
Above Stamp End Lock on the River Witham their were a number of industries and warehouses whose boats travelled
on the Foss Dyke but entered the River Witham at Brayford Pool in central Lincoln.The commissioners had only
been charging tolls when a boat passed through Stamp End Lock and they were none too pleased when they
discovered numerous boats were coming off the Foss Dyke and using the river within Lincoln without reaching as
far as the lock. Immediately the commissioners put a boom across the river at High Bridge and levied the
carriers for unpaid tolls - the very thing that Lincoln city had feared in the 1750's and had
objected to when the river's Act was passed in 1762.
The traders who used the river (probably backed by Lincoln city) wrote to the river
commissioners complaining about the charges for using the river above the lock. Their letter included a pretty
clear warning that if the boom and tolls were not lifted they would report the commissioners for failing to
construct Stamp End Lock in the way dictated by the Act of Parliament! The commissioners obviously felt this
threat had a sound base as they immediately removed the boom and dropped the charges. However, this kept the
bad feelings going between Lincoln and the river commissioners and there was still no navigable link for large
boats from the Foss Dyke to the river.
Despite all the bad news, poor income and lack of money, there was some reason for optimism on the Witham
Navigation during this period... For instance, a number of arms which would branch off the main river
navigation were talked about. One such branch was a line to Sleaford where, at a number of meetings, the
possibility of making the River Slea navigable was discussed. Nothing was actually done at this point but the
idea was not forgotten. Other schemes were started - such as the Tattershall Canal - while other schemes were
started and completed - such as the conversion of the drainage ditches which ran into the East and West Fens on
the north of the River Witham near Boston. This scheme had first been mooted 4 years earlier but lack of money
had prevented a lock being built. This was now overcome by the installation of "flood doors" and the new
navigations became collectively known as the Witham Navigable Drains.
The Tattershall Canal opened, running north for 2 miles from near Tattershall Bridge (on the Witham Navigation)
While the Witham Navigation continued to struggle for income, Richard Ellison II's business ability - together
with the increasing use of artificial waterways in general - saw the Foss Dyke's toll income rise steadily to
£2,367. The River Trent was now in a very good navigable state and canals like the Trent & Mersey and
Erewash were running successfully and carrying goods to and from places as far away as Derby, Stoke, the Black
Country and Manchester.South Yorkshire and even places like Rochdale in the Pennines were able to receive farm
produce from Lincolnshire thanks to the Foss Dyke. Meanwhile, because of the continued unfriendly relations,
there was no way Lincoln city would co-operate with the River Witham commissioners to allow normal canal boats
to pass through High Bridge, in the city centre, onto the river. It seems rather ludicrous that canal boats
could reach Lincoln from Wolverhampton but not from Woodhall Spa - just 10 miles away on a waterway with a
Help came from Sir Joseph Banks when he began to push for the building of a canal from the River Witham
Navigation to Horncastle. His town was rich in agricultural produce and he wanted it linked to the main inland
waterways network. Banks' plan was simple enough - just include, as part of the Bill, the construction of a
navigable link between the Foss Dyke (on the west of Lincoln) and the Witham Navigation (on the east), thus
avoiding Lincoln and High Bridge altogether. He employed William Jessop to survey a possible link. Jessop
reported back with two alternatives. The first would be to build a new waterway via Sincel Dyke which would
pass around the south of the city. The other, and more obvious, was to increase the depth under High Bridge
which was then only 18 inches and had a wooden floor. The first plan would mean building a brand new cut while
the second plan was a simple enough conversion. However, the first would bypass Lincoln while the second would
need the city's full co-operation. In the end Banks was able to convince the city that if High Bridge was made
navigable, the extra income would far outweigh any other losses. Given that the alternative for the city was
the prospect of a new canal completely bypassing them, it was probably fairly easy for Banks to persuade
Work began on deepening the channel under High Bridge. The main problem was not in making it
deep enough but in how to overcome its narrowness. Not only were there buildings on the famous old bridge but
other buildings completely enclosed the river on both sides. Canal boats needed horses to pull them and horses
needed towpaths. If a towpath was included, the channel would have to become even narrower and that would cause
problems because deep, narrow rivers have much stronger currents than shallow, wide ones.
Richard Ellison II died leaving his Foss Dyke navigation (now known as the Fossdyke Canal) in a better state
than ever with income up to £3,000 a year. His death did not bring about the end of the Ellison family's
association with the canal however. It seemed that whenever one Richard Ellison died, another one was always
waiting in the wings. (Colonel) Richard Ellison III inherited two thirds of his father's shares with brother
Henry taking the other third. Henry had no interest in the canal however and he left all the control to Richard
III. Richard had lots of interest in the canal but only on the income side! It seemed it was virtually
impossible to get money out of him for maintenance and repairs. Subsequently, the canal began to slowly
deteriorate though at first this was hardly noticeable and profits continued to rise.
Also during this year the long talked about Horncastle Canal and the Sleaford Navigation
both got their authorisation from Parliament. Both were strongly backed by all the local corporations,
influential traders and the Witham Navigation commissioners. The Sleaford Navigation was built with little
difficulty and opened in May 1794 but only parts of the Horncastle route were begun. Despite all the support it
still ran into many problems, most of them financial. Delays kept putting the completion date back year after
year. Both of the new routes made an agreement with the River Witham Navigation whereby any boat using both the
River Witham and either one of the two new waterways would receive a toll concession.
The new channel under High Bridge was opened allowing traditional canal boats to travel from anywhere on the
fast growing inland waterways network to Boston for the first time. Needless to say, the new link was a roaring
success though tolls for passage through it increased steadily over the next decade.
After many years of little activity, the owners of the unfinished Horncastle Canal applied for - and received -
a new Act allowing them to complete their route. The canal, which was in effect an extension of the earlier
Tattershall Canal, opened during the following year. It left the River Witham near Coningsby and ran north for
about 9 miles into Horncastle.
The commissioners of the River Witham Navigation were finding it very difficult to maintain the river with
income often much lower than spending. John Rennie was called in to survey the river and he reported that his
initial concern was Kirkstead Lock. It had been built in 1770 with an adjoining staunch which was in very bad
condition. Rennie's report on the lock said that he was surprised that it was still standing. Its poor building
and bad placement could only satisfactorily be rectified by pulling it down and rebuilding a brand new lock in
a better position. Later in the year he also recommended that Boston Sluice should be avoided and boats should
have to reach the east side of the town by use of the navigable drains or by the construction of a brand new
cut, bypassing the sluice and running into Boston Harbour.
Rennie returned to complete his recommendations. This time he suggested the complete demolition of High Bridge
with the building of a new bridge which would allow a wider channel with a towpath. His survey also included
many drainage improvements and his estimates were £58,000 for the Witham Navigation and £12,600 for the
Fossdyke Canal at High Bridge. Neither of the two sets of proprietors were willing to pay this much and nothing
The commissioners of the Witham Navigation, by now in even more desperate need for improvements and repairs,
called John Rennie in again, asking him to make a new survey with a cheaper outcome! For Kirkstead lock he
advised its demolition along with the removal of Barlings Lock. The construction of just one new lock somewhere
near to Washingborough church would take away the need for the two old locks. An Act of Parliament was obtained
and the long awaited upgrading began. In the end, rather than building the new lock near Washingborough church,
a brand new cut at Fiskerton was begun and new locks replaced old ones at Stamp End and Bardney. Kirkstead lock
was demolished and Barlings Lock was removed.
During the construction of these latest upgrades to the Witham Navigation, an amazing story was reported in
local newspapers concerning the navvies (labourers) who worked on the improvements.These men were invariably
not local men but travellers who moved around the country working on new navigations or did other construction
work. They were generally badly (if at all) educated and were usually unruly. The following account of
disorder, at Bardney on the River Witham, is exceptional even by their standards.....
A dispute arose concerning the price of bread which was sold to the navvies daily by a Mr.
Edmonds of Wragby - the baker. The navvies began to riot outside the Plough public house on the west side of
the river. They drove the landlord out of his house and stole the beer barrels, opened them and drank the
contents. Now drunk - as well as angry with the baker - they tore down the pub sign and stole the baker's
basket before proceeding to cross the river. On the far side they entered Bardney with one man riding
"piggy-back" holding the Plough pub sign aloft and declaring free beer for all, he was surrounded by a mob of
navvies who all carried their plank hooks and other tools. The whole mob chased after the baker, pelted him
with his own bread (let us hope it was fresh) and then hung his basket high in a tree. Next, the mob attacked
the Bottle of Glass pub, fetched the beer barrels outside and drank the lot. When the landlord of another pub,
the Angel, saw them heading his way he rolled out his barrels himself to prevent being attacked and having his
house ransacked. Once the mob had emptied their third pub of the day they began to invade the houses within the
village. Items were stolen and residents were attacked. The village constable had to flea and hide in the local
almshouses until reinforcements could be called for. Thirteen more constables were sent from Horncastle, over
10 miles away, but they were no match for the mob. In fact one constable was so badly hurt in the fighting that
he later died in hospital. Meanwhile, the cavalry had been called for and they arrived with a magistrate, Rev.
Mouncey of Gautby. He read out the Riot Act and the cavalry soon rounded up the mob, some of which had gone
into hiding. They were loaded into 3 waggons and carted off to Horncastle. Later they were tried and
A lock was built at Anton's Gowt some 34 years after it was first proposed. It superseded the flood doors,
built around 1783, which had been installed to allow boats onto the Witham Navigable Drains.
John Rennie was called in once again to report on any possible improvements to the Witham Navigation. He
reported back saying he had noted 4 more unused drains were navigable and could be used by boats without any
major works needing to be done. These were all on the south side of the river to the west of Bardney and
Over the next decade or so the river continued - as it had done - to struggle to find money.
The commissioners were even accused a number of times of gross waste of their resources.
The first two steam powered boats to use the Fossdyke Canal were launched from Sincel Dyke. These were both
packet boats which carried passengers between Boston and Nottingham. One of them, the Witham, ran into big
trouble during its first year when a boiler burst on a journey to Boston. Fortunately none of the 30 passengers
were hurt but it probably took them a long time before getting on a steam boat again! This would have pleased
the sailing packet boat operators no end. In fact, there was a lot of inevitable friction between the owners of
sailing boats and the steam operated boats but (equally as inevitable) it was the steam boats which
While the Witham Navigation was struggling to find cash, Colonel Richard Ellison III was rolling in profits
from his Fossdyke Canal. The trouble was, he had hardly done a thing to maintain it since his father died
nearly 30 years earlier. Disgruntled users and local traders tied in vain to push him into doing more to
maintain the waterway. However, Ellison was very powerful and influential in Lincoln and there was little the
traders could do. Eventually enough support was gathered to put a Bill of Chancery through Parliament which
would declare Ellison's lease void on the grounds that he was not keeping up the original agreement that tolls
levied should be reflected in the amount of maintenance carried out. As virtually no maintenance was being done
and yet tolls remained very high, the traders seemed to have a pretty good cause for complaint. Ellison was
obviously worried enough because he quickly came up with a compromise of maintenance plans. By this time
however there was a large group of anti-Ellison men who wanted only one thing - rid of him.
Back on the Witham Navigation, John Rennie reported that the River Ancholme Navigation, some 10 miles north of
Lincoln, could be reached by creating a linking canal. Such a route would give the River Witham a direct link
to the Humber, completely bypassing the Fossdyke Canal. Rennie was asked to make a survey and he came up with
two possible routes though neither were ever put into practice. This may have been due to the usual lack of
funds but may also have had something to do with the change in ownership of the Fossdyke Canal which happened
during the following year.
While the Bill of Chancery concerning the Fossdyke Canal was still waiting to be heard, Colonel Ellison died
leaving control of the waterway in the hands of his brother Henry. Still totally disinterested in the canal
business, Henry handed control over to his brother-in-law, Humphrey Sibthorp. Coincidentally, Sibthorp was
already one of the proprietors of the Witham Navigation. He sympathised with those who had wanted rid of
Ellison as he knew only too well that the Fossdyke Canal desperately needed improving.
Problems arose for the steam packet boat operators who found it incredibly difficult going during the bad
floods of that year. One boat even got stuck on a runaway hedge and was dragged off with the flood into the
A new paddle was invented, by a Lincoln man, for use on the steam packet boats. It enabled them to go much
faster on the Witham Navigation - mind you, the speed limit was just 6mph!
As part of Sibthorp's efforts to improve the Fossdyke Canal, he contacted none other than Marc Isambard Brunel.
The engineer accepted Sibthorp's invitation to make a survey of the canal and when he arrived he was very
thorough. He took measurements of the canal at various points and measured all the boats in Brayford Pool. He
also took a boat ride from the River Trent to Lincoln and found no major problems with the journey. However,
when he passed onto the river Witham channel under High Bridge his keel got stuck and had to be dragged out. He
made a report on his findings but nothing was done - possibly because Henry and Humphrey were waiting for the
outcome of the Bill of Chancery report.
The first iron steam boats appeared on the Fossdyke and Witham navigations and they were an instant success,
being clearly more efficient than their predecessors.
The Chancery case dragged on and on, so long in fact, that Henry Ellison also died. The case was then
abandoned. With Humphrey Sibthorp in full control conditions were now much better.
During the following years both the Witham Navigation and the Fossdyke Canal continued to do
fairly well. Most of the trade on the river navigation was centred around Boston while the canal continued to
serve Lincoln as it had done for many centuries though goods now came from and went to towns all over the
The railway age arrived and the first company to attempt the construction of a line to Lincoln was the
Wakefield, Lincoln & Boston Railway Company. They made the same sort of agreement with the waterways as
were being made all over the country. This was usually an agreement to take over the navigations as soon as
their railway was up and running. They would also usually agree to pay the navigation's owners an assured
income. In return, they would get control of the navigations, thus preventing competition. This usually suited
the navigation proprietors who knew they could not compete with the railways. These agreements always sounded
great when they were made, but nearly every "local" railway company was engulfed by (or merged with) a larger
"regional" company. Usually these companies were happy enough to carry over the agreements but 9 times out of
10 these "regional" railways were taken over by a "national" railway just before the line was complete. The
"national" company in the case of Lincoln was Great Northern Railways who became almost famous for their hatred
The railway line into Lincoln was almost complete when GNR bought out the smaller railway company. GNR honoured
the agreement made with the waterways, including taking on all of the Witham Navigation's debt and mortgages.
It would have took the commissioners decades to pay these off but GNR cleared them in just 9 years.
The railway line from Lincoln to Boston clung to the Witham Navigation throughout the whole
journey. This created massive battles for business between the packet boats and the new passenger
trains.However, just as sailing boats are no match for steam boats, steam boats are no match for steam trains.
Anything the packet boats did, the railway would counter. GNR built its stations very close to the river's
landing stages, they invented "4th class travel" at a ha'penny a mile - the packet boats simply could not
compete and by 1863 they were all put out of business.
It was not just passenger travel which suffered of course. In the year before the railway
opened, nearly 20,000 tons of coal passed by Boston Sluice. Within just a couple of years of railway operation
this dropped to under 4,000 tons. Wool carriage completely disappeared and it looked as though all other
merchandise would do the same.
GNR (and the other railways) generally did nothing to maintain the waterways under their control. This was
usually their only lawful way of closing them down - by letting them decay beyond repair. However, GNR was not
able to do this with the Fossdyke & Witham Navigations as both were used for land drainage and had to be
kept in good order. When the drainage commissioners asked for Bardney Lock to be deepened (for instance), the
railway were left with no choice but to do the work.
Railway competition did not just affect the River Witham and the Fossdyke Canal. Trade had been declining so
badly that the Sleaford Navigation was officially closed. The first 1¾ miles of the route were handed over to
the River Witham commissioners and this short stretch of the Sleaford Navigation (known as Kyme Eau) has
remained under the River Witham Navigation's jurisdiction ever since (and has remained open).
GNR subleased both of the navigations to the Great Northern & Great Eastern Joint Committee. (In later
years the waterways became controlled by London & North Eastern Railways).
After many years of few (or no) boats travelling off the River Witham to Horncastle, the Horncastle Canal was
officially closed. However, commercial traffic continued to carry coal to Coningsby on the Horncastle Canal
The former Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway, which had become Great Central Railway, built a
line right down to Brayford Pool with a large warehouse and transhipment facilities.
Both the Witham Navigation and Fossdyke Canal were suffering declines in tonnage. The Fossdyke Canal was faring
the better of the two with a lot of cargo being transhipped at Lincoln.However, most of the goods now being
carried were agricultural products only.
After WW1 both navigations fell into dormancy. Commercial traffic ceased and the waterways
returned to being just well kept, and very wide, drains. Individual authorities took over their local sections
of the River Witham and once split up it was impossible to put plans together to put the whole line in order.
At one point 13 different bodies had control over the different sections of the river.
After nationalisation the government placed the Fossdyke Canal in its group 2 rating which basically meant it
would be kept open for leisure purposes but not maintained for commercial purposes.Because the Fossdyke &
Witham Navigations were never officially abandoned - due to their drainage needs - they became among the first
to see pleasure craft.
A new government report suggested that the Fossdyke & Witham Navigations could be developed (along with
such routes as the Gloucester & Sharpness Canal and River Weaver) as commercial concerns.However, while the
Gloucester & Sharpness Canal and Weaver Navigation were upgraded, it would appear that little was done to
the Fossdyke & Witham Navigations. The route continued (and still continues to the present day) to provide
holiday makers with a peaceful and very rural - though very flat - landscape with virtually no industry to
spoil the tranquillity.
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The Fossdyke & Witham Navigation is navigable and popular, itbegins on the east bank of
the tidal River Trent beside the town of Torksey, south of Gainsborough. The
start of the Fossdyke is crossed by the A156 just north of its junction with the A1133. Car owners can park in
the BW yard with a charge of 50p per day being payable to the lock keeper. To reach the river Trent cross the
main road and walk along the edge of the Fossdyke flood bank for about 50 yards.
Torksey Junction can be a wild place but when the weather is warm and calm it is a nice
place to sit and watch boats passing along the wide River Trent. Downstream
(north) the Trent is crossed by a long railway bridge and the ruined Torksey Castle can be just made out in the
distance to the east of the river. However, it is not a real castle at all, just a large house. Upstream the
tidal river meanders off to the west while straight across from the junction are the huge chimneys of a power
The entrance to the Fossdyke has floating pontoons along the banks to allow boats to moor no
matter what the tide is doing. All around are high flood banks. About 20 yards east of the entrance is a
traffic light, followed by the road bridge and then Torksey Lock.
At the lock is a white cottage with a resident lock keeper. The lock has a double set of
gates because it has to cope with the river being below or above the height of the canal. The balance beams at
the west end are so high that you'd hang about 12 feet off the ground if you clung onto them - these gates are
At the other end there is no room for balance beams so capstans are used. These are like
huge wheels standing on their sides about 3 feet high. The lock is very well kept, looking like a Thames Lock
in many ways, with flowers and shrubs etc. Just past the lock is a marina and boat yard which serve as a safe
haven for boats coming along the tidal Trent. Torksey is the only real mooring place between the Chesterfield Canal to the north and the non-tidal stretches to the south.
East of Torksey the canal heads east for one mile and then turns south east to travel dead
straight for 4 miles. After about 3 of these miles the waterway passes close to Hardwick where a ferry once
carried passengers across the canal. The A156 comes alongside, to the south west for the final ½ mile or so.
Throughout this stretch - and in fact throughout most of the route - the canal is bounded by high banks which
prevent boat crews or towpath walkers from seeing very much of the surrounding landscape. Because of this, the
canal is often secluded and tranquil with only the wild life for company.
The A57 comes in from the west and the canal turns east, clinging to the road's northern
curb for the next 2 miles until the village of Saxilby is reached. In the village, the main road disappears on
the far side of a row of houses while the canal is crossed by the railway line from Retford to Lincoln. Past
the bridge, the canal is suddenly in Saxilby main street.
The street runs along the north bank with shops (one selling fish & chips) and 2 pubs
(the Sun and the Ship). To enter by car you must pass to the south of the village and double back round to the
left just after crossing the canal. The canal is very pretty in the village with over-hanging trees and a few
moored boats. T
he road used to enter the village on a swing bridge but this was removed and a footbridge
now stands in its place. Notice boards nearby give information about the old bridge which was demolished in
1937. It wasn't until 50 years later that the footbridge was installed but even this is not a new bridge. It is
just over 100 years old. Formerly a railway footbridge at Newark it was moved here when the picnic areas and
canal side walks were created. The banks of the canal are grassy and make a nice picnic spot on summer days.
Tables and barbecue areas are provided.
At the east end of the village the A57 crosses the waterway and runs right along its
northern bank for anther 2 miles as both head eastwards. Slightly further away than the road, but on the south
side of the canal, is the railway line. After 2 miles, as all 3 modes of transport curve south east, there is a
bit of a reversal as the railway comes closer and clings to the canal bank while the road moves slightly away.
Just before the curve the River Till enters the Fossdyke though, strictly speaking, it is the Fossdyke that
enters the Till. From here to Lincoln the Fossdyke is really the canalised river.
The final 4 miles of the Fossdyke Canal are virtually straight. There is actually a steady
left curve throughout the 4 miles but it is so slight that boaters and walkers probably don't notice it. All
the way into Lincoln the cathedral can be seen high above the otherwise flat landscape. Approaching the city,
the Fossdyke Canal is crossed by the A46 and then it passes a golf course and the incredibly isolated Pyewipe
Inn which has a terrace overlooking the canal. Its name is the local name for the Peewit bird. It would appear
that vehicle access to the pub is via a long lane which leaves the A57 about a mile west of the A46
The canal now crosses the Catchwater Drain on a small aqueduct and then immediately goes
through a rare right-left bend. The A57 can be seen (and heard) over to the north with Lincoln Racecourse close
to it. Urban areas now appear on the north bank and a build up of railway lines appear on the south. A lift
bridge is reached which is (was) operated by British Rail. It is left open outside of working hours but when it
is closed the boater must hoot his horn to alert the "bridge keeper". The bridge was due to be replaced by a
higher fixed one in the mid 90's.
Immediately after the railway bridge, the canal widens out into what resembles an inner-city
lake. This, in fact, is Brayford Pool. Although the pool looks inviting to boaters it is usually badly silted
up and not navigable off the near side line.
However, this may have been dredged when numerous other changes took place recently. New
University buildings have appeared on the south side, new bridges have been built and the marina has been
redeveloped. There are boat clubs and a boat yard at the pool as well as lots of moored pleasure boats. It is a
very short walk from the pool into the main shopping centre. The castle and cathedral are up the hill - and it
really is a hill!
Brayford Pool marks the end of the Fossdyke Canal and the start of the navigable River
Witham. The unnavigable River Witham has already travelled north for around 30 miles from the village of
Coltsworth which is on the A1 some 6 miles south of Grantham. The small river passes right through Grantham and
then onto the villages of Benston, Syston and Barkston.
It then deviates from its northerly direction to head west past Marston, Hougham and
Westborough. The river then completely turns its back on Lincoln to head south west through Long Bennington. It
then takes on a zig-zag course as it turns steadily around to head north east. It comes within just 3 miles of
the River Trent before heading well away from it through Barnby-in-the-Willows, Beckingham, through a "danger
area", past Bassingham and onto North Hykeham. From there it is just 3 more miles to Brayford Pool.
The navigable River Witham leaves Brayford Pool at the north east corner. It is immediately
crossed by a busy inner ring road though the bridge was obviously once much lower and must have been either a
swing bridge or lift bridge. After passing the bridge, the navigation turns sharply right, around a blind bend,
and is then immediately closed in by ancient buildings on the north side and a more modern one on the south.
This is the original old town of Lincoln, there is no towpath here, just a walkway on the far side of a high
fence alongside the old buildings.
The narrow river channel continues for about 100 yards with an amazing (and unique) sight
dead ahead. Crossing the canal is a long bridge (or a short tunnel), on the bridge is a 4 storey building which
is clearly very, very old. This is High Bridge or "the Glory Hole" which is best appreciated by walking across
it. The old road over the bridge is now pedestrianised and forms one of Lincoln's main shopping thoroughfares.
The building on the bridge is in the traditional black and white Tudor style and the bridge is the oldest in
Britain which has buildings on it.
On the river beyond the bridge is a recently redeveloped area which gives the river a look
more in keeping with Amsterdam than anywhere in England. A curvy footbridge crosses the river linking an old
town square to a brand new shopping mall aptly named Waterside. Willow trees dip into the river, other
buildings - old and new - line the northern side with a wide walkway lining both sides of the channel.The river
itself is down below street level.
The new route of the A15 crosses the river just beyond the shopping mall, it previously
crossed the river at Brayford Pool but before that it actually used the original old main street and crossed
over High Bridge. Mind you - that was probably long before main roads had numbers. After the new A15's route
has crossed the navigation it is just 500 yards further to Stamp End Lock and sluice. On the way there the
route passes an old flour mill which was one of the businesses which got very annoyed when the River Witham
commissioners levied them for unpaid tolls.
Stamp End Lock had its own keeper who lived in the house across the road until recently. I
believe the lock may now be crew operated.The keeper also operated the swing footbridge over the lock so if he
has gone, crews can expect to do plenty of work! The lock itself is a little odd compared to most canal locks,
the upper end has no traditional paddle gear or gates. Water - and boats - are let in by lifting a massive
guillotine gate. Just past the lock is a sweeping railway bridge heading into the power station on the north
bank.Straight after this railway bridge is an electric lift bridge which - like the one at Brayford Pool -
needs the boatman to hoot his horn to bring the operator out of hiding.
Lincoln is soon left behind though the cathedral can be seen up to 10 miles away. The main
difference between the Fossdyke Canal and the Witham Navigation is that the surrounding landscape is slightly
more open and isn't quite so flat. The river is in a shallow valley and most villages are set away from the
river on slight inclines. The river heads out of Lincoln heading directly east for about 6 miles.Along this
stretch - though you won't notice it - is the Fiskerton Cut, designed by John Rennie in the early 1800's. Half
way along the cut is a site known as Five Mile House - but there is no house - or anything else - at this
location. Near here, Barlings Lock used to be situated on the old river but when Fiskerton Cut was built the
lock was removed.
After the 6 mile straight stretch, the canal turns south east and becomes slightly more
curvy as it heads towards Bardney and Woodhall Spa, a stretch of 8 miles. Within a mile of the start of this
stretch is the first of the drainage dykes, Branston Delph. Rennie recommended that this could be navigated
without much work needing to be done but whether or not boats ever did use it I do not know.
At the point where Branston Delph runs into the River Witham Navigation, the original course
of the river bends away to the east while a newer straight cut continues south eastwards towards Bardney. The
old course loops around and then rejoins the newer navigable course just below Bardney Lock, about a mile to
the south. The old river course is navigable fromBardney Lock to Short Ferry (about 1½ mile) where there is a
pub, the Tyrewitt Arms, and a caravan site. The construction of the new cut created an island between the old
and new courses which is now known as Branston Island. At the south end of the island is Bardney Lock with the
old river course re-joining just below it. Just a few yards past the confluence of the old river and the new
cut, the navigation turns sharp right under an old railway bridge and then turns sharp left.
At the left turn, a large (river sized) drain enters the navigation on the right (north).
Boats heading north towards Lincoln have to make sure they turn right under the railway bridge and do not go
straight on into the drain! The B1190 (Bardney Bridge) crosses the river just before Bardney. The large sugar
beet factory stands on the eastern bank of the navigation just after the road bridge. Two bridges connect the
factory with its settling ponds situated on the west bank and there is an overnight mooring jetty near the
factory. Bardney was the village where the drunken mob of navvies ran riot after using their loafs to pelt the
Still on the 8 mile stretch to Woodhall Spa, the navigation heads south easterly with high
banks often concealing the flat scenery.However, Bardney sugar beet factory stays in view for many miles. The
dismantled railway which joined the navigation at Bardney Lock is now never far away on the north east bank.
Just before Southrey is another of the drains, Nocton Delph, that John Rennie recommended could be made
navigable. As before, whether boats ever used Nocton Delph, I do not know but it heads dead straight for about
3 miles to Wasps Nest near Nocton and Dunston.
On route, other drains leave the main line and connect with yet more drains. At the west end
of Nocton Delph another drain passes heading north-south, this is Car Dyke which appears to be no more
significant than any other drain around these fens but it is actually one tiny part of a very significant
waterway. When the Romans built the Foss Dyke to reach the River Trent and made the River Witham Navigable to
reach the sea, they also built Car (or Caer) Dyke which linked Lincoln to the River Cam, far to the south, near
Cambridge. In the main it has been wiped out over many centuries though odd bits appear here and there and this
is one of them, a 2 mile stretch just north of the village of Martin.
Southrey village, on the north east of the Witham Navigation, appears shortly after the
entrance to Nocton Delph. There is no bridge over the navigation at Southrey though there are pubs on either
side of the river, facing one another across the water. A small ferry operates to carry people across. About a
mile past Southrey is another drain, Metheringham Delph, which heads south west for 3 miles and has a
connection to Nocton Delph ½ way along.
At the end of its 3 miles it connects with Car Dyke. Back on the River Witham Navigation,
Woodhall Spa can be seen over to the east. The much smaller settlement of Kirkstead is situated beside the
river with Kirkstead Bridge carrying the B1191 over the river.This bridge is now a large concrete structure,
almost a viaduct, which was built in 1968 to replace a much lower one. Its not the first "replacement work" to
have been done here. Kirkstead Lock was the one that John Rennie declared fit only for pulling down. The
commissioners took his word and there has been no lock here since the early 1800's.
South of Kirkstead and Woodhall Spa, Timberland Delph leaves the river heading south west -
not to a furniture store but towards the village of Timberland. The dyke at the end of this delph is once again
probably the old line of Car Dyke. The 4 mile stretch of river between Woodhall Spa and the next road crossing
at Tattershall Bridge is a lot more bendy than the previous sections. A minor road clings to it along its south
west bank. About 900 yards before Tattershall Bridge is a former canal junction.
Today it is hard to spot, as it is just a slight dent in the flood bank though its line can
be seen on the far side of the bank. Some confusion has been caused in numerous guides and maps over which
waterway this is.My understanding is that this is Gibson's Cut (also called the Tattershall Canal) and not the
later Horncastle Canal as listed by Nicholson. My road atlas shows the old canal line in water but certainly
not currently navigable. It heads north east to Tattershall where I believe it was joined by the Horncastle
Canal. (For more information, see the Horncastle
A few hundred yards further downstream yet another drain leaves the river heading south
west. This one goes by the inglorious name of Billinghay Skirth. This is more like a normal stream, curling
about for 2½ miles with the A153 to its south. At Billinghay it comes right alongside the road and is crossed
by the B1189. This road arrives from the north with Car Dyke close on its east side. In Billinghay, Car Dyke
meets Billinghay Skirth at a T-junction just east of the B-road bridge. Shortly after the bridge, Billinghay
Skirth connects with the Dorrington Dyke.
On the roads near Tattershall Bridge there are signs to New York and Boston, a reminder that
this is LINCOLNshire. There are two Tattershall road bridges. The new one was built in 1992 but the red brick
one with 3 arches (just to the south and now closed to traffic) is 200 years old.
About a mile south east of Tattershall Bridge the River Witham Navigation
passes the settlement of Dogdyke which is on the east bank as the river takes a relatively large bend to the
south. At Dogdyke there is an old steam pumping station on the junction of the Old River Bain. On that river is
a small marina while a riverside restaurant and a pub are close by on the Witham. The whole area is a really
pretty place. Leaving the Witham on the east bank, the Old River Bain heads north to Tattershall where it then
follows the same basic route as the Horncastle Canal.
A little further east of the River Witham is Coningsby Airfield with the end of one of its runways coming very
close to the river - keep your head down and lookout for the Spitfires and bombers which fly above all day long
on Summer weekends.
South of Dogdyke there is a landing jetty on the west bank which allows access to a caravan
site and its shop. A little further south is the settlement of Chapel Hill where the Lyme Eau (or Slea
Navigation - or even Sleaford Canal) leaves to head south west for about 12 miles to Sleaford. This navigation
has recently been restored for the first 8 miles, through Kyme Lock to Cobblers Lock. The rest is currently
(1998) under restoration. (See the Sleaford Navigation page)
The Witham Navigation now turns south east again and heads as straight as any modern
motorway for about 5 miles. There are no roads, no villages and no bridges in this section though the disused
railway clings to the eastern bank. Unfortunately, "bank" is a fair description as the river is once again
below ground level and views of the landscape are virtually non-existent.
Just before Langrick, the river curves east and passes under the B1192. The bridge is a big
iron girder affair, built in 1907 to replace a ferry. The Ferry Boat Inn still stands on the northern side.
There now follows another long straight stretch which after 2½ miles reaches Anton's Gowt, the entrance into
the Witham Navigable Drains.The drains are entered by passing through Anton's Gowt Lock which has a lock
keepers cottage alongside. It is one of very few places in Britain where a boat can lock DOWN from a river.
There is a pub, the Malcolm Arms, nearby on the minor road which passes by the lock.
The drains stretch out in straight lines all over the West and East Fens to the north west
of Boston. In fact, Boston itself can be reached via the drains and there are good moorings in the town centre.
Unfortunately the connection back into the River Witham at Boston has long since been closed so the only way
back is via Anton's Gowt. (For more information on these drains see the Witham Navigable Drains page).
The final few miles of the Witham Navigation begin with a bend to the south east just after
Anton's Gowt. The line into Boston is dead straight with the disused railway always clinging to the north bank.
A large, low, black iron railway bridge is the last to cross the navigation with Boston Grand Sluice just past
Access to the sluice by car is not difficult as the main northern inner-ring road crosses
right over the top of it. On quiet days you can actually park right alongside the sluice OFF the main road at
the northern end. The sluice is a great danger to boats and crews are warned to keep away from the southern
end. The lock into the tidal River Witham is at the north end of the sluice. The scene around the river here is
very interesting and quite attractive. There are 2 boat clubs, a rowing club, a boatyard, a riverside pub and
elegant town houses line both banks. To the east, on the tidal stretch, is Boston Stump, the tall square tower
of St. Botolph's Church which can be seen for miles around.
Back to top

domain: history


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domain: entertainment


• One Size Fits All - This pompom braided cap beanie with Ear Pompom comes with stretch for a superior fit. Crochet slouchy beanie can be worn with variety styles, great for wearing from autumn through winter.
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I am trying ti decide between a NIB SA Loaded with NS and a LNIB Colt XSE Gov size. I am wanting this gun for shooting matches (idpa), bowling pin shoots, etc. Its gonna get alot of use. I would pay about 50 more for the colt. What would you guys choose and why, Thanks alot Oh and if it matters the colt is series 80. Also if anyone else has a different suggestions on a gun in my range please let me know. I cant really go higher than 800 including tax, shipping ffl etc. Ok the kimber just entered the picture. My local shop has a excellent kimber Custom II with the dredded external extractor for 599. So thats gonna 200 less than the colt. This would be nice cause then I could order my re loading press, however I dont want to skimp but if that is a good gun at a fair price I wouldnt mind it. Plus It felt buttery smooth and had a nice trigger Wanna kill these ads? We can help!


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Southmead Hospital Charity
With your help we can fund ground-breaking medical research, provide specialist equipment at the cutting-edge of technology and improve treatment facilities for generations to come.
Southmead Hospital Charity raises money to support the work of Southmead Hospital, Cossham Hospital and community health services in the Bristol, South Gloucestershire and North Somerset.
Working alongside our staff and patients, we fundraise for projects that are beyond the remit of the NHS but have a huge impact on the lives of patients.
Our Heroes this week are the staff at North Bristol NHS Trust who were nominated for an Exceptional Healthcare Award.
The awards, held on November 20, honoured outstanding members of staff and volunteers who had gone the extra mile to improve patient care.
The 2015 awards, supported by Southmead Hospital Charity, recognise and reward the hard work of staff and volunteers at the Trust.
You can see photos of the winners here.

domain: medical


text:
A sweet spot is a condition where the camera lens produces its sharpest images. There are three factors that are needed to be understood to obtain sharp images:
1. Aperture that results in sharp images.
2. Focal length (in zoom).
3. Focused areas within the frame. Read the rest of this entry » .
Related Photography Ideas for sweet spot lens at OneSlidePhotography.com
Yuri Arcurs is one of the most sought after stock photographers in the world. There is a gripping story about him and his crazy idea on proving his ability to freeze a fighter jet that flies up to 750 km/ hour using flash lamp in super high power. Yuri succeeded to prove that his idea […]
Cityscapes or city sceneries are one of the most interesting objects of photography. With a correct method, we can present the beautiful urban development with a stunning view on an image. Not only the good side of it, but some photographers are capable of taking snaps of the traffic and the city under flood and […]
Tripod is an apparatus that should be considered important especially by beginners in photography. Most of them take too much importance on the great camera body and lens whereas the tripod role is actually very important especially for photographers who like to shoot landscapes. There are so many kinds of tripod but the most common […]
image source: chinatibet.people.com.cn Religious events are sacred. They deserve respect from everyone involved, including photographers; even professional photographers. But now what’s become a pattern is, photographers seem to waive the ethics and respect needed when capturing such events. As photographers, you should always be empathetic and forever respectful of the goings on of the proceedings. […]
If we buy an L series lens from Canon, surely we will find a line of code on the back of the lens. The code is the code of the year and the place where the lens was made. Now, for buying lenses, especially the used lens .. this code can be very utilized in […]
Many photographers prefer to buy a camera or lens in brand new condition. This is a common, because we’ll be getting the latest model, the best condition of equipment, and the satisfaction of getting a warrantied product. If the available budget is sufficient, then buying a camera or lens in new condition may be the […]
Street photography is not a common genre. Not all people are willing (and brave) to plunge into this type of photography deeply. But for some people who love it, street photography is highly worthy for them because most moments captured by the camera happens only once so they are unique. Eric Kim, an international street […]


text:
North America Seamless Heat Exchanger Tubing Market Worth USD 1.07 Billion by 2020
By PRN NewsWire
PUNE, India, January 21, 2016 /PRNewswire/ —
According to the new Market Research Report “North America Seamless Heat Exchanger Tubing Market [http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/north-america-seamless-heat-exchanger-tubing-2626999774.html ] By Type (Copper Alloy Tubes, Austenitic Steel Tubes, Duplex Steel Tubes, Ni-Alloy Tubes), By End User (Chemicals, Petrochemicals, HVAC & Refrigeration, Food & Beverages, Oil & Gas, Power Generation, Others), By Geography (U.S., Canada, Mexico) – Analysis & Forecast to 2020”, the North America seamless heat exchanger tubing market was at USD 752.5 million in 2014 and is projected to reach USD 1.07 billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 6.0% during the forecast period 2015 to 2020..
Browse through the TOC of North America Seamless Heat Exchanger Tubing Market for an in-depth analysis of the industry trends and segments, with help of various tables and figures. http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/north-america-seamless-heat-exchanger-tubing-2626999774.html
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The North American seamless heat exchanger tubing market is a highly competitive market. This market is expected to witness growth during the forecast period, owing to increased demand for seamless heat exchanger tubes in various end user industries, such as chemicals, petrochemicals, and oil & gas, among others. Among end users, the chemicals segment led the North American seamless heat exchanger tubes market in 2014 and accounted for a market share of 28.7%. The power generation segment of North American seamless heat exchanger tubing market is projected to witness growth during the forecast period as thermal power is still a major source of energy in the North American region. The U.S. led the North American seamless heat exchanger tubing market in 2014. The seamless heat exchanger tubing market in Mexico is expected to witness growth during the forecast period as several major industries have started outsourcing their manufacturing operations. Factors, such as increase in the usage of cost-effective welded tubes in various end user industries are expected to restrain the growth of the North American seamless heat exchanger tubes market during the forecast period.
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Investments and expansions were among key strategies adopted by the leading players to strengthen their position in the North American seamless heat exchanger tubing market. Companies, associations, and end product manufacturers have been infusing high investments to carry out advancements and technological modifications in the seamless heat exchanger tubes to cater to the changing requirements of various end user industries. Austenitic and duplex steels are widely used for manufacturing seamless heat exchanger tubes as they exhibit optimum performance and are available in various grades. The seamless heat exchanger tubes made of Ni-alloys are expensive and are used in extreme applications.
Key Players of the North America Seamless Heat Exchanger Tubing Market include:
Sandvik AB, VALLOUREC, JFD Tube & Coil Products, Inc., Webco Industries, Inc., TUBACEX S.A., OSTP, Penn Stainless, and Langley Alloys Ltd., among others and so on.
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– North America Heat Exchangers Market [http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/north-america-heat-exchangers-6721973439.html ] – North America market for heat exchangers was estimated at $ 4.0 billion in 2014 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.4% from 2014 to 2019. – Europe Heat Exchangers Market [http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/europe-heat-exchangers-5559634315.html ] – With a market value of $2,054.28 million, Shell & tube has been contributing maximum share towards the total European heat exchanger industry. The market is estimated to reach $6,983.9 million by 2019, at a CAGR of 4.7%, for the given period. – Asia-Pacific Heat Exchangers Market [http://www.micromarketmonitor.com/market/asia-pacific-heat-exchangers-1282591972.html ] – Asia-Pacific’s heat exchanger market was valued at $2,869.21 million in 2013 and is estimated to reach $4,842.43 million by 2019, at a CAGR of 10.6%
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domain: geography


text:
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Palmera is located 1090 from allday minimart -Studio City and it can be reached within 4 mins by car.
There are many other shops situated in the area of Palmera, the 3 closest being:
- Barbería shadi is 1.7 km away (an approx. drive of 4 mins.)
- Villa 14 is 2.0 km away (an approx. drive of 7 mins.)
- City Studio Dubai is 2.3 km away (an approx. drive of 6 mins.)
The surrounding area, where Palmera is situated, offers a wide variety of restaurants. See the closest of them below:
- Freedom Pizza | Dubailand is 1.1 km away (approx. 4 mins. by car)
- Wildflower Poke & More is 1.2 km away (approx. 5 mins. by car)
- Subway Studio City is 1.2 km away (approx. 4 mins. by car)
Medicentres Motorcity is the nearest health facility, which is 2.0 km away (you can drive there in 5 mins.) from the project, while the closest schools in the proximity of Palmera are:
- Jebel Ali Village Nursery is 1.5 km away (an approx. drive of 5 mins.)
- Turning Pointe Dance Studio is 850 m away (about 11 mins. by foot)
- Raffles Nursery Arabian Ranches 1 is 1.3 km away (an approx. drive of 4 mins.)
Dubai International Airport is located 37.4 km from Palmera and it takes about 30 mins. by car or taxi (depending on the traffic) to get there.


text:
SALT LAKE CITY — It's last call for those who want to weigh in on Mayor Ralph Becker's proposal to expand the area where businesses that serve alcohol can set up shop in Utah's capital city.
The Salt Lake City Council has set aside time Tuesday to receive public comment on Becker's plans to revamp the city's alcohol regulations. The goal, city officials said, is to make city requirements on establishments that serve alcohol consistent with state law, more business-friendly and less restrictive on location.
But location has emerged as the most controversial of the proposed changes as businesses that serve alcohol would be allowed to operate in commercial districts near residential areas, under certain conditions.
Calls and emails on the issue have been pouring into the Salt Lake City-County Building for several months as a vote on the issue nears. The City Council is expected to vote on the issue next month.
"We have been fielding questions and inquiries from concerned residents but also many comments from folks who are looking forward to being able to stay in their neighborhood to have a beer," said Art Raymond, spokesman for the mayor's office.
For the most part, cheers have been drowned out by the concerns of those who worry what the changes would mean to their community.
Karren Hammer is among the 81 people who have shared their opinions on the proposal through Open City Hall, an online forum hosted by Salt Lake City. Most of those who've posted comments for city officials' consideration have been opposed to the changes.
"Residential neighborhoods and bars or even restaurants that serve alcohol should not co-exist," Hammer wrote. "Alcohol presents a real danger to all residential neighborhoods."
Like several residents who spoke against the proposed changes during a public hearing in April, Hammer raised the concern about the potential increase for impaired drivers in residential areas.
"The first alcohol-related death as a result of changing the zoning laws and allowing alcohol closer to a residential neighborhood will be your fault," she wrote. "You don't want that burden, and we don't want to worry about the consequences of what would be a very bad decision. Don't even consider locating businesses that serve alcoholic beverages close to residential neighborhoods."
David Sloan, an attorney who says he has "dealt with lives completely destroyed by alcohol," also opposes the proposed changes.
"There is a cold, hard reality that underlies the social aspects of drinking that needs to be recognized for what it is," Sloan wrote.
City Council Chairman Soren Simonsen responded to the concerns:
"The idea that this is going to propagate a lot of new businesses that serve alcohol in the city, that's not accurate," Simonsen said. "There will still be a lot of regulation that goes into this."
In addition to state regulations that prevent businesses from selling or serving alcohol within 600 feet of churches, schools, parks, playgrounds and libraries, several conditions would be placed on all such establishments in Salt Lake City's residential business, neighborhood commercial and community business districts.
In addition to size and parking requirements, businesses wanting to serve alcohol in commercial zones near residential areas will have to file a security and operations plan, Raymond said.
The plans, he explained, would require representatives of the businesses to meet with neighbors to resolve any complaints about the business moving into the area before it's allowed to locate there.
The plans also would require businesses to meet criteria designed to prevent future complaints, such as buffers between the business and homes. They also would deal with noise, trash and locations for smoking.
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domain: news


text:
MATCH BOTTLE - BLACK GOLD
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domain: design


text:
TRIBUTE PAID TO TRAILBLAZER
FOR years the exploration work of John Septimus Roe has been overlooked, but no more, according to Burswood geographer Marion Hercock, editor of a new book about WA’s first surveyor general.
Dr Hercock said Roe was probably the most objective observer of the people of WA and their environment and The Western Australian Explorations of John Septimus Roe 1829–1849 featured reproductions of his exploration reports, handwritten journals and many of his sketch maps and drawings.
Dr Hercock edited and indexed the tome and also wrote its introduction as a volunteer for WA Explorers’ Diaries Project (WAEDP), which published its first book in 2005. Carlisle-based Peter Bridge, of Hesperian Press, has published all WAEDP books using local materials and labour.
The hardback includes fresh analysis of Roe’s work by scientists, who have shown that his exploration writings are the earliest and most detailed record of the WA environment at first contact by Europeans. The scientists also prepared the indexes of plants and animals.
Dr Hercock said donors recognising the value of Roe’s records, including several country local governments, the Land Surveyors Licensing Board, the WA Institution of Surveyors and citizens, paid for the publication.
“The indexes alone show the breadth and depth of Roe’s records. People, places, and general items are all indexed with separate listings for plants and animals,” Dr Hercock said.
“The book’s explanatory footnotes and appendices assist the modern reader to appreciate the original 19th-century manuscripts and the social context of the explorations.”
■ The Western Australian Explorations of John Septimus Roe 1829–1849 (ISBN 978-0-85905-527-7) can be ordered from Hesperian Press at www.hesperianpress. com. The 726-page book is $100 plus postage.
Burswood’s Marion Hercock, editor of a new history of Australian exploration(shown inset), with Hesperian Press publisher Peter Bridge.

domain: literature


text:
Here you go: a great Balenciaga classic without the signature Balenciaga fuss. Just good, clean, boxy-structured fun. Take a look at the proportions; this is a smaller bag than you might expect, which makes the overall effect so cute. Otherwise, in a big tote size, it would be a bit overwhelming.
I bought four totes while I was at Paris Fashion Week. I’m an avid mini bag fan, but once I realized that I couldn’t even fit so much as an invitation in, the hunt for the perfect tote began. Who better for inspiration than some of the most fashionable women in the world? Take Emma Watson’s Spring 2014 Dior Addict – the look is classic with a twist, courtesy of python straps.
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Who says you need to be decked out in camouflage to inject a little bit of boot camp chic into your look? Sometimes subtle is the way to go, and sticking with a neutral palette of lush olive, earthy brown, rich hunter green, and all-grown-up mahogany will leave you anything but fatigued.
Excuse me! When did Ferragamo get this good? Actually, forget good. It really doesn’t get much better than this, as far as I’m concerned.
While you might think that this black Marni tote was designed for super organized Snobs, I’m a complete mess and feel like it was made for me! Not because the bag encourages tidiness (though having three pockets to throw odds and ends in that would otherwise fall to the bottom of the tote is hardly a bad thing), but because it’s so playful.
Blame it on Bambi! Totes have become way less serious as of late, and I love it. Whether the sense of caprice is delivered through the flirty print or unique shape, the message is clear: lighten up. For every stoic, somber, monochrome tote, you ought to have one that makes you smile, or even laugh. What’s the big deal? It’s time to have some fun with your big bags.