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The English Language
The English language developed after the Angels, Saxons and Jutes came to England from Germany
in the fifth century. Before this, Latin was the main language of the Roman Empire and of the church
in western Europe. The native languages of Britain were not English. The original Britons were
pushed west by the Anglo-Saxons, and became the Welsh.
Anglo-Saxon (Old English)
The language of the Anglo-Saxons is also known as Old English, and is difficult for most people to
read today. It has similarities to Nordic languages. This is John 3:16 in Old English:
"God lufode middaneard swa þæt he sealde his ancennedan Sunu, þæt nan ne forwurðe þe on hine
gelyfð, ac hæbbe þæt ece lif".
Caedmon (7th century)
Caedmon was a monk in the monastery in Whitby, Yorkshire, who looked after the animals. He had
supernatural ability to sing themes from Scripture in English verse in paraphrase. These included
creation, the Genesis stories, the Exodus from Egypt, the entry to the promised land, the life, death
and resurrection of Jesus, Pentecost and the future judgement. Caedmon was described by the Venerable
Bede, “He sang of the creation of the world, the origin of the human race, and the whole story of Genesis. He sang of Israel's departure from Egypt, their entry into the land of promise, and many other events of scriptural history. He sang of the Lord's Incarnation, Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension into heaven, the coming of the Holy Spirit, and the teaching of the Apostles. He also made many poems
on the terrors of the Last Judgement, the horrible pains of Hell, and the joys of the kingdom of
heaven.” "Let us praise the Maker of the kingdom of heaven, the power and purpose of our Creator,
and the acts of the Father of glory. Let us sing how the eternal God, the Author of all marvels, first
created the heavens for the sons of men as a roof to cover them, and how their almighty Protector
gave them the earth for their dwelling place." Bede: History of the English Church and People
The Venerable Bede (7th century)
Bede was a priest of the Monastery of Saints Peter and Paul at Wearmouth and Jarrow in the North-East of England. Bede translated John's gospel into Anglo-Saxon, and completed it on the day of his death in 735, according to Cuthbert of Jarrow. His translation is now lost. He may have translated more of the Bible, there is no record of that. Bede was the author of the “History of The English Church and People”
Bishop Aldelm (640-709)
Aldelm was bishop of Sherbourne and abbot of Malmesbury Abbey. He was a Latin poet and scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature. He is thought to have translated the Psalms into Anglo-Saxon English, but this is disputed.
King Alfred the Great (849-901)
In his code of Saxon Laws, Alfred the Great included an English translation of the Ten Commandments, Exodus 21-23 and Acts 15. He also started translating the Psalms. Alfred made the ten commandments the basis of English law.
Alfred’s 10 Commandments (in modern English)
"The Lord spoke these words to Moses, and said: 'I am the Lord your God. I led you out of the lands
and out of the bondage of the Egyptians."
1. "Do not love other strange gods before Me!"
2. "Do not call out My Name in idleness! For you are not guiltless with Me, if you call out My Name
3. "Mind that you hallow the rest-day! You must work six days; but on the seventh you must rest!
For in six days Christ made Heavens and Earth, the seas, and all the shapen things in them; but He
rested on the seventh day. Therefore, the Lord hallowed it."
4. "Honour your father and your mother whom the Lord gave you — so that you may live longer on
5. "Do not slay!"
6. "Do not commit adultery!"
7. "Do not steal!"
8. "Do not witness falsely!"
9. "Do not unrighteously desire your neighbour's goods!"
10. "Do not make gold or silver gods for yourself!“
There are also manuscripts of the four gospels, the psalms, the Pentateuch and history books by unknown authors from this time.
After the Norman conquest in 1066, the English language changed, with influence from French, into
Middle English. Before Wyclif, there was no complete English version of the Bible. The only
version available and read in the churches was the Latin Vulgate, which the ordinary people could
This is John 3:16 from the Vulgate:
"sic enim dilexit Deus mundum ut Filium suum unigenitum daret ut omnis qui credit in eum non pereat sed habeat vitam aeternam"
The Wyclif Bible
John Wyclif (1320-1384) was a Catholic priest and a professor at Oxford. He sent out preachers to reach the ordinary peasants. He was associated with the Lollards (an abusive term meaning 'babblers').
Up to fifty percent of the population was converted through a powerful move of God. His 'poor preachers'
would travel round, read the scriptures and tell stories in the market places, influenced by the
example of Francis of Assisi.
Wyclif became rector of Lutterworth in Leicestershire towards the end of his life. There is a
monument to him in the town. It was here in 1379, that he translated the New Testament into
common English to be available to the people. This was done from a Latin base, and in a rather
difficult style. It is not certain whether he completed the Old Testament before his death. Wyclif and
the Lollards were committed to having the Bible available to all Christians. He saw the translator's
need to study, live a clean life of prayer and dependence on the Holy Spirit. His work actually caused
English to be established as the main language in England. Before this, Latin and French were the main languages.
A second version, of the complete Bible, was made by one of Wyclif's followers, John Purvey, in
a smoother style, which became extremely influential to succeeding versions. Purvey had help from
Lyra, an expert in Greek and Hebrew to check his text.
Wyclif was tried and condemned by the church. He died from a stroke and later the church dug up
his bones and burnt them as a heretic. There was severe persecution, but the Lollards survived until
the Reformation. Queen Anne, and students from Bohemia in Oxford, brought Wyclif's ideas back
to Bohemia, where they had great influence on John Hus, the great Czech reformer. Wyclif is known
as 'The Morning Star of the Reformation'. He also had great influence on Martin Luther. Wyclif’s
translation was the first to have chapters, but has no verses.
This is John 3:16 in Wyclif’s translation:
"For God louede so the world, that he yaf his `oon bigetun sone, that ech man that bileueth in him
perische not, but haue euerlastynge lijf."
Three major events occurred which significantly accelerated the development of the English Bible:
1. Printing was invented in the middle of the 15th century, which made books far more available than
before. The Gutenberg Bible was printed in 1455, with printed text and illumination by hand.
2. Hebrew and Greek scholarship became more accessible to Western scholars. The Hebrew text was
printed in 1488 and Erasmus's Greek NT in 1516.
3. Luther nailed his 95 theses on the church door in Wittenburg in 1517, sparking off the
Reformation. He translated the NT into German in 1534.
William Tyndale - the Father of the English Bible
Tyndale came from one of the villages near Dursley in Gloucestershire. He became a tutor at Little
Sodbury Manor, where he heard the call from God in 1523 to translate the Bible into English. He
used a small chapel behind the Manor house, where he began his translation. He was charged with
heresy before William of Malvern, chancellor of Worcester. A visiting cleric said: “We were better
without God’s laws than without the Pope’s”. Tyndale’s response was, “I defy the Pope and all his laws. If God spare my life, ere many years, I will cause a boy that driveth the plow to know more
of the Scriptures than thou dost.”
He moved to London, while translating the NT, trying to get support of the Bishop of London, Cuthbert
Tunstall. However, he was opposed to Tyndale translating the Bible, and tried to prevent its
publication. Tyndale said, “not only that there was no room in my Lord of London’s palace to
translate the New Testament but also that there was no place to do it in all England”.
He fled to Europe for the next twelve years, and never returned to England. He was pursued around
Europe by English church authorities. He first went to Germany, to Hamburg, and to Wittenburg,
where he received help from Martin Luther. He translated the NT from Greek, and also consulted the
Latin Vulgate, and Luther’s German translation.
The NT was completed in Cologne. Tyndale then fled to Worms, where his NT was printed in 1526. This
was the first printed complete New Testament. It was smuggled to England in bales of cotton. Many
copies were seized and destroyed by the English authorities. Agents were sent to Antwerp by
Cuthbert Tunstall to buy all the copies of what he called “this pestilent New Testament”. The
Protestants used the money to print more copies.
Tyndale learned Hebrew so he could translate the Pentateuch, and the Book of Jonah and some
other portions of the OT from the Hebrew. These were printed in Antwerp in 1530. Revised versions
were printed in 1534 and 1535.
Tyndale’s Bible became basis for King James Bible, and all modern English Bibles. 85% of the text
of the KJV is based on Tyndale’s translation. Many of his phrases became part of English language,
for example: “Let there be light”, “Let my people go”, “The truth shall make you free”, “Am I my
John 3:16 in Tyndale’s translation:
"For God so loveth the worlde yt he hath geven his only sonne that none that beleve in him shuld
perisshe: but shuld have everlastinge lyfe.
He wrote other books, particularly against transubstantiation, following Wyclif. He also wrote about
the authority of Scripture over that of Church, the separation of church and state, and criticised
Henry VIII for divorcing Catherine of Aragon. In Antwerp, he was betrayed by an English spy, who had
pretended to be a friend (1535). He was charged with heresy and imprisoned for 18 months in horrible
conditions in castle in Vilvorde, Belgium (6 miles north of Brussels).
Appeals to Henry VIII were ignored, even after Henry VIII became Protestant in 1534. Tyndale was
strangled and burnt at the stake in Vilvorde on 6th October 1536. His last words were: “Lord, open
the king of England’s eyes”.
The Tyndale monument is still a prominent landmark on the top of the Cotswolds on Nibley Hill near Dursley, between Gloucester and Bristol.
The period up to the Authorised Version
Before the reign of Henry VIII England was a Catholic country, under the authority of the
Pope. Henry reigned from 1509 to 1547, and rejected papal control in 1534, appointing himself as
head of the Church of England. There were the following monarchs after Henry:
|Edward VI (1547 - 1553)
|Protestant (died young)
|Lady Jane Grey
(1553 a few days)
|Executed by Mary
|Mary (1553 - 1558)
|Catholic (persecuted Protestants - known as Bloody Mary)
|Elizabeth I (1558 - 1603)
|James I (1603 - 1625)
|Protestant (The James of the King James Version)
After the rejection of Papal authority in 1534 and change in royal policy, many English versions of
the Bible were produced, with royal and church approval.
1. Miles Coverdale Version
Miles Coverdale was a reformer, who later became bishop of Exeter. In 1535, he published a
translation of the entire Bible, the first full Bible to be officially published in English. The attitude of the king and church had changed, so Coverdale dedicated his Bible to King Henry VIII and “his dearest just wyfe, and most vertuous Pryncess, Queen Anne (Boleyn)”. The translation was made from German
and Latin versions, with help from Tyndale's. In 1538, he published an edition with the Latin
Vulgate and the English in parallel columns.
John 3:16 in Coverdale’s translation:
"For God so loued the worlde, that he gaue his onely sonne, that who so euer beleueth in hi, shulde
not perishe, but haue euerlastinge life".
2. The Matthew Bible
The Matthew Bible was published in 1537. It was probably produced by one of Tyndale's followers,
John Rogers, who wrote under a pseudonym, Thomas Matthew. He was the first church leader to
be burned at the stake by Queen Mary. It is mostly the work of Tyndale, who had been opposed by
Henry VIII and the church. He corrected some errors in the Coverdale version. This version was
dedicated to King Henry VIII. Taverner published a another revision in 1539.
3. The Great Bible
The Great Bible was prepared by Coverdale in 1539 on the invitation of Thomas Cromwell (Earl
of Essex, royal secretary for Henry VIII), so is known as 'Cromwell's Bible'. It is called the Great
Bible because of its great size. It is also known as 'Cranmer's Bible', as the second edition in 1540
had a preface by Archbishop Cranmer, saying, “The Bible appointed to the use of the churches”. It was ordered to be placed in every English church. It was really only a revision of the Matthew Bible. The Psalms in the Anglican Book of Common Prayer are from this version.
4. The Geneva Bible
The Geneva Bible was a Protestant translation produced in Geneva, during a period when the use
of English translations in England was limited, especially during the reign of Mary Tudor. Many
Protestants fled to Geneva, Switzerland, to avoid persecution from Mary.
It was published in 1557 and was the first Bible to have the verse divisions, introduced in 1551.
Each verse was printed as a paragraph. It had great influence on the KJV. It was a smaller size and
became very popular from 1570 to 1620, especially as Shakespeare, John Milton and John Bunyan
quoted from it. It is also known as the 'Breeches Bible' from “..they sewed figg leaves together and
made themselves breeches” (Gen 3:7). It was never officially recognised, as it was written from a
strongly reformed Calvinistic viewpoint, with outspoken notes against the Papacy and the Catholic
Church, as well as against the Church of England. It was the first Bible to be taken to America, on
This is John 3:16 in the Geneva Bible:
"For God so loued the worlde, that hee hath giuen his onely begotten Sonne, that whosoeuer
beleeueth in him, should not perish, but haue euerlasting life."
5. The Bishop's Bible
This was a a revision of the Great Bible made by Anglican bishops in 1568 and 1572, directed by the
Archbishop of Canterbury, to counter the Geneva Bible. It received official approval by the church
and had great influence on the KJV. It was used mainly by the clergy and was not popular with the
ordinary people, so it became a costly failure.
This is John 3:16 in the Bishop’s Bible:
"For God so loued the worlde, that he gaue his only begotten sonne, that whosoeuer beleueth in hym,
shoulde not perishe, but haue euerlastyng lyfe."
6. The Rheims-Douai Version
This was made by Catholics who fled from England during the reign of Elizabeth I. It had strongly
Catholic doctrine to counteract the influence of Protestant translations. The NT was produced in
1582 at the English college in Rheims and the OT in 1609 in the English college in Douai, even
though they did not really believe in the need of having a Bible in English. The translation was based
on the Latin Vulgate, with some attention to the Greek. Until recently, it was the generally accepted
English version in the Catholic church.
It had a heavy Latinised style, using many words unknown in English, for example: chalice was used
instead of cup, and penance instead of repentance.
This is John 3:16 in the Rheims Version:
"For God so loved the world, as to give his only begotten Son: that whosoever believeth in him may
not perish, but may have life everlasting."
The Authorised Version (AV) - 1611 - The King James Version (KJV)
The Geneva and Bishops Bibles were from two opposing protestant viewpoints, one
Reformed and one Anglican. James received the Millenary Petition, 1000 signatures of puritans
against abuse and prejudice by clergy.
At a conference of churchmen at Hampton Court Palace in 1604 a proposal was made for a new
standard English translation acceptable to all Protestants, with no notes in the margins. King James
said this, “I have never yet seen a Bible well translated into English, and the worst of all . . . is the Genevan.”
King James appointed Lancelot Andrews, the Dean of Westminster to organise the translation work.
He led a team of 47 learned men from Oxford and Cambridge Universities, divided into six
committees, with each committee assigned a separate portion of the Scriptures. The translation was
to be reviewed by the most learned men in the church, and finally to be ratified by the king's
The translation must be done “by the best learned in both Universities – reviewed by bishops and
chief learned of the Church, presented to Privy Council, ratified by Royal authority, so whole
church bound to it, and none other”.
Work on translation began in 1607 and took three and a half years. Many checks and revisions were
made before the final publishing in 1611. Even though there is no record of official church or royal
authorization, the words “appointed to be read in the churches” appeared in the first edition.
In the preface to the 1611 edition, Miles Smith (later bishop of Gloucester) wrote “Truly we never thought from the beginning, that we should need to make a new translation, nor yet to make of a bad one a good one . . . but to make a good one better, or out of many good ones, one principal good
The KJV was formally a revision of the Bishop's Bible, so is a revision of revisions, rather than an
original translation. There is a progression from Tyndale, to Coverdale, to the Matthew Bible, to the
Great Bible, to the Bishops Bible, to the King James Bible. It was based on the Hebrew and Greek,
but it is estimated that between 60% and 85% of the KJV is Tyndale’s original translation. It soon
displaced the Geneva Bible in popular favour, and was also respected by Catholics, and the OT by
the Jews. It has been called “the noblest monument of English prose”.
There were many printing errors, so many minor revisions were needed. One of the most famous was
the 'Wicked Bible' (1631), which unfortunately stated: "Thou shalt commit adultery” (Ex 20:14)
John 3:16 in the King James Bible:
"For God so loued ye world, that he gaue his only begotten Sonne: that whosoeuer beleeueth
in him, should not perish, but haue euerlasting life.
Several revisions were unofficially made to the KJV over the next 300 years, by several
people, including John Wesley in 1755.
The Revised Version (RV)
This was an official revision of the KJV made in 1870 by scholars from the Church of England and
other churches, as some English words used in the KJV had changed their meaning. It was based on
a more accurate text and aimed for word-for-word translation. This gave it a rather wooden style.
It never became very popular, but was valuable for study purposes.
Twentieth and Twenty-first Century Versions
There have been a multitude of versions published since the start of the twentieth century.
Since the KJV was published, many more of the ancient texts and manuscripts, including the Dead
Sea Scrolls have been discovered. The understanding from these ancient manuscripts have been
incorporated into the modern versions. Some versions are revisions of older versions, others are
completely new translations.
The following list is a selection:
1. American Standard (ASV) - 1901, an American edition of the Revised Version.
2. Weymouth Version - 1902, an idiomatic translation from the Greek into everyday English.
3. James Moffatt - NT 1913, OT 1924, a free idiomatic translation, with some inaccuracies.
4. E.J. Goodspeed - 1927, an American translation, designed to be very readable.
5. Ronald Knox - NT 1944, OT 1949, a Roman Catholic translation from the Vulgate.
6. The Revised Standard Version (RSV) - NT 1946, OT 1952, a revision of the ASV of 1901, which was a revision of the KJV, the work of 32 scholars. Additional revisions were made in 1971.
7. The Amplified Bible - NT 1958, OT 1965, by 12 editors in California, a version giving alternative words to suggest different possible meanings.
8. J.B. Phillips - 1958, The New Testament in Modern English, a fresh free translation of the NT. Philips translated the Bible for a youth club in a much-bombed area of London during the Second World War. It was revised in 1972.
9. The Berkeley Version - 1959, a conservative revision, concerned for accuracy.
10. The New English Bible (NEB) - NT 1961, OT 1970, a new translation by scholars from most churches except R.C. The main contributor was C.H. Dodd.
11. The New American Standard Bible (NASB) - NT 1963, OT 1971, a very literal evangelical revision of the ASV.
12. The Jerusalem Bible (JB) - 1966, a clear accurate Catholic version, translated first into French in 1956 by the Domminican Bible School in Jerusalem, then into English. It includes the Apocrypha.
13. The Good News Bible (GNB) or Today's English Version (TEV) or 'Good News for Modern Man' - NT 1966, OT 1976, a completely new translation in common, non-academic English. This was the first translation to be a dynamic equivalent.
14. The New American Bible - 1970, a new Catholic translation, based on the original languages.
15. The Living Bible (LB) - 1971, by Kenneth Taylor, a colloquial, conservative American paraphrase for ordinary people. He wanted the Bible to be clear to his children.
16. The New International Version (NIV) - NT 1972, OT 1979, a new dynamic equivalent translation by an international team of evangelical scholars from various denominations, using the most recent research to produce a dignified version in the best English tradition.
17. The Common Bible - 1973, an American version of the RSV, including the Apocrypha
18. The New King James Version (NKJV) or Revised Authorised Version - 1982, a revision of the KJV with changes in language and word meanings since 1611.
19. The New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) - 1985, a revision of the Catholic Jerusalem Bible
20. The Revised English Bible (REB) - 1989, an update of the New English Bible.
21. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) - 1990, an update of the Revised Standard Version in more readable modern English, without the archaic words thee/thou for addressing God. It also uses gender-inclusive language to avoid the use of man, when mankind is meant.
22. The Message - 1993 to 2002 by Eugene Petersen of Regent College Vancover, Canada. The whole Bible in modern highly idiomatic English, paraphrased from the original languages.
23. English Standard Version (ESV) - 2001, by Crossway Books. This is a revision of the Revised Standard Version (RSV), aimed to meet the need for an essentially literal translation for students and pastors. It takes into account differences in grammar, syntax and idiom from the original languages, and uses some gender-inclusive language.
Bede: A History of the English Church and People. Penguin Classics 1955
Bruce, F.F. History of the Bible in English. OUP 1978.


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Have you ever seen a glass jar in the supermarket that looks like melted butter—but with a fancy label and an expensive price tag—and wondered just what it is? It's ghee, often also called Indian clarified butter. What is it, and why should you cook with it? And can you make it at home for a lot cheaper?
Yes, ghee is butter, and yes, it's clarified, but there is a small difference between the two. Clarified butter has been melted so that the thick white milk solids separate from the golden buttery fat solids. With ghee, the butter is simmered with the milk solids so that they caramelize, giving the mixture a nice, nutty flavor, similar to brown butter. Except with ghee, the milk solids are strained out.
Originally from India, ghee is used all over Southeast Asia as a cooking oil, in part because the lack of milk solids allows you to heat the liquid much higher, i.e. you can fry at high temperatures in ghee. Ghee is also often used in cultural, medical, and religious ceremonies.
Because of the removal of milk solids, sugars, and water, ghee is a favorite for those following Paleo and other non-dairy diets. But for any food, it adds a nice nutty flavor and rich butteriness.
The jars on the shelf make ghee ultra convenient, but honestly, making ghee is pretty darn simple.
How to Make Ghee
Melt butter until foamy, then reduce heat to low and cook, stirring occasionally, until the butter is very aromatic and the milk solids are a rich, golden brown color, about 10 minutes. Remove from heat and strain through cheesecloth-lined sieve.
Once you've made the ghee, you can basically cook with it anytime you'd use butter. Instead of oil, you can sauté vegetables in ghee; try it out in an Indian-inspired kale dish. Stir some into soup for a rich finish of flavor, or use it to slow roast meats or pan fry fish. You can also make any baked good better by using ghee—try it in waffle mix, soda bread, or blondies.
Seriously, once you start to ghee, you won't want to stop.

domain: food


text:
Why is it important to buy your e-bike from a reputable store?
Congratulations! You’re ready to take the plunge and join the ever-growing community of e-bike riders!…
Save money on gas, a smart way
You Can Avoid the Pain at the Pump!
It’s no secret that gas prices around the…
Allan Kruger, CEO of Wolff Pedelec Inc.
Interview with the CEO and Founder of Wolff E-Bikes

domain: economics


The newest version of the county’s free emergency readiness application for cellphones and other mobile devices is better than ever at keeping San Diegans safe, officials said Monday.
The upgrade was announced at a news conference at the county’s Emergency Operations Center in Kearny Mesa where officials urged the public to download the newest version of the application, called SD Emergency.
“This is the lessons-learned, vastly improved edition,” said Sarah Gordon, spokeswoman for the county’s public safety group. “The first version was strong, but this takes advantage of more smartphone and sharing capabilities.”
The app — which was originally released in October 2012 — added new features including the ability to share emergency plans with family members by email and a home emergency checklist with a built-in notification system that alerts users when perishables go bad.
A “Recovery” section was added to the app’s existing “Ready” and “Emergency” features to help people stay connected to post-disaster resources.
The app is now compatible with Google’s Android operating system and can be downloaded from the Apple App and Google Play stores.
A two-person tent is being offered to the first 3,000 people who install the application, fill out an emergency plan and register their cellphones and emails with AlertSanDiego, which informs people of emergency situations by phone.
“We don’t want people to wait for an emergency and then say, ‘Oh, I should download that app,’” said county Supervisor Ron Roberts. “We want people to be prepared. And we want those tents to go real quick.”
Holly Crawford, director of the county’s Office of Emergency Services, said the app is especially important in San Diego because many disasters that hit the area usually strike quickly — like wildfires and earthquakes.
“You might have a matter of minutes to grab what you need to get out of your house and to safety,” Crawford said. “You don’t get much warning.”
The application cost about $500,000 to develop and much of the funding came from federal grants, Crawford said. The most recent upgrade cost about $134,000.
For more information about the tent giveaway and the newest version of SD Emergency, visit readysandiego.org.


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Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India (1947-1964) following that country's independence from the British Empire.
He and the last British Viceroy of India (Louis Mountbatten) respected each other greatly and their amicable relationship led to a peaceful transition from Imperial rule to Independence.
(That transition was marred by the "civil war and massacres" which led to the partition of the sub-continent into Pakistian and India, with divided Kashmir as a never concluded flashpoint. ALSO - in due course East Pakistan) fought to become the country known as Bangladesh).
(Incidentally that old Imperialist Winston Churchill was bitterly opposed to Mountbatten's appointment as Viceroy by Clement Atlee (British Premier 1945-1951) , and he blamed Mountbatten for the loss of the Jewel in the Crown (India) from the Empire.)
Nehru and Louis Mountbatten's wife Edwina developed a tender and semi-romantic friendship, Most historians claim that it was ever platonic.
When the Mountbatten's went to India they took with them their younger daughter Pamela Mountbatten (now known as Lady Pamela Hicks).
Pamela learned so much in that time in India. Like her mother she respected Pandit Nehru, and they kept up a correspondence post-independence. He wrote the to Pamela shortly after she returned with her family to Great Britain. Here are some of his words worth pondering.
"........ "It is a fascinating business not only to grow in every way but to be conscious of that growth". ............. "Unhappily we have to pay in life for everything worthwhile. If we want experience, depth and an understanding of life's infinite phases we have to suffer shock and sorrow and then, is we are strong enough to rise above them, life is a curious bittersweet affair. Too much of its bitter aspect is of course terrible, but too much of unalloyed sweetness can also be bad enough"
(Quotation from "Daughter of Empire My Life As A Mountbatten" by Lady Pamela Hicks, Simon and Schuster 2013)

domain: library


text:
'I do believe in fairies, I do believe in fairies'
Send your gorgeous little girl off to nursery or school carrying this very cute Fairy Lunch Bag that can be personalised with her own name, which is sure to stop lunch mix ups!
She’ll look super cute and be able to carry this lunch bag easily as it has an adjustable shoulder strap, she won’t want to put it down!
This stunning lunch bag features a beautiful pink fairy design and would make a great back to school gift.
- Add a message over 2 lines
- Up to 12 characters per line
- Features a fabulous fairy design
- With an adjustable shoulder strap
- Including a white wipe-able interior
- Plus Insulated lining

domain: design


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A Series of Unfortunate Events is a book series whose author is Daniel Handler, better known by his Pen Name Lemon Snicket. Lemon may also be referred to the fictional who is narrating stories in this book series so readers should not be confused with that. A Series of unfortunate events is one of the best mystery novels I have read ever.
Events series Galbi
It was a great experience the book. The hard copy isnt available easy now a days that' s why i download epub and read from it. * A Series Of Unfortunate Events * BOOK the First THE BAD BEGINNING by LEMONY SNICKET HarperCollinsPublishers To Beatrice- - - darling, dearest, dea.


How Much Does a Typical Air Conditioning Installation Cost?
Having a quality air conditioning system can make or break the comfort of your home. While there are many benefits to installing a new HVAC unit, such as lowering energy costs, being more energy efficient, and reducing the chance of system break downs, there are many questions that arise when planning to install a new air conditioning unit. Primarily, how much does it cost to actually install?
Those with forced-air heating systems may worry that changing the heating system will be extremely costly and possibly result in ineffectiveness. If you don’t have ducts, you may worry how they could possibly be added without destroying your house in the process and costing an arm and a leg to install. However, installing an air conditioning unit is much easier and less costly than you may think.
Prices of installation can vary based on if your home has an existing forced-air heating system or if your home needs ducts. When adding to an existing air conditioning system two technicians can usually do the installation in one or two days, and often with little to no changes to the ducting. For those without existing duct work, the time to install could take an additional day. A contractor with experience in retrofitting has the ability to hide the ductwork behind walls with few cuts into walls and ceilings, resulting in very minimal mess.
At Yes! Air Conditioning & Plumbing, our experienced AC technicians can help you with every step of air conditioning installation. From a heat pump to traditional air conditioning, we provide professional installation for long-term cooling. In addition to high quality AC installation, we also provide full service and repair for central air conditioning units. Contact us at 702-382-2478 to learn more about our HVAC and plumbing services and solutions, or visit online athttps://www.theyesmancan.com/ .Categories:


text:
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William Hundert is a passionate and principled Classics professor who finds his tightly-controlled world shaken and inexorably altered when a new student, Sedgewick Bell, walks into his classroom. What begins as a fierce battle of wills gives way to a close student-teacher relationship, but results in a life lesson for Hundert that will still haunt him a quarter of a century later.

domain: artistic


Posted on Sep 27, 2018
Sightline Studios Inc. Calgary
Video Production Calgary - Sightline Studios At Sightline Studios, we craft stories that impact your audience & create a powerful engaging experience. In short we tell stories that inspire your audience to take action. We specialize in creative development of corporate film for the services sector, heavy industry, and the non-profit arenas. We help companies and marketing teams create and execute communication projects that are effective and powerful. We create films that sell your brand’s story.


text:
CEO of the Gupta-owned Oakbay Investments has maintained that the company deliberately walked away from Ubank bidding process in 2015. This is to clarify the “speculation” that it allegedly bid for a stake in Ubank.
Reports spreading on Thursday said that the Guptas who have strong political connections in South Africa were “aggressively wooing” the shareholders of Ubank as part of their attempt to buy the bank.
According to the recent reports, the Guptas were meeting and calling leaders of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) for weeks, trying to convince them to sell. There were speculations that suggested that the Guptas’ need for a bank became urgent after South Africa’s four biggest banks closed their doors on them.
Oakbay Investments management refuted the claims in a statement on Thursday, saying it had not accessed any due diligence data or made any binding offer whatsoever to acquire any stake in Ubank, and definitely had no direct contact with the bank since August 2015.
“We did express an early interest in Ubank a couple of years ago, but voluntarily walked away from the process at an early stage — without even going through the due diligence process — and that’s where direct contact with Ubank ended. It’s as simple and unexciting as that,” CEO of the Gupta-owned Oakbay Investments Nazeem Howa said.
However, Oakbay Investments CEO Nazeem Howa acknowledged the fact that the company had earlier express an interest in Ubank a couple of years ago, but deliberately removed itself from the process at an early stage.
“That’s where direct contact with UBank ended. It’s as simple and unexciting as that.”
He emphasied on the fact that they did not even go through the due diligence process.


Interparking - Le Grognon:
At the foot of the majestic site of the Citadelle, the area of the Confluence (most commonly called "Le Grognon") is the geographic and historical heart of the municipality of Namur. Today, Namur has a big chance: the attribution of European subventions finally gives the possibility to the City of Namur to build a global and coherent project which will allow giving back this emblematic site to all of the Namurois. One site, five projects.
These projects are now going into some very concrete phases of realization. There will be the creation of a cycle-pedestrian footbridge, an esplanade, a "Digital Port" (a place where all the new technology and the citizen can meet), the adaptation of the roads and an underground car-park.
The car park will have a capacity of 670 parking spaces divided into four levels. It will be accessible by the new street "Rue du Grognon" (along the river) and will offer several exits for the pedestrians: Sambre side, Meuse side and Walloon Parliament side. The car park works started in Summer 2017, and the footbridge works ended mid-2018. By end 2019, the Digital Port was ready, and the Esplanade works started. The end of the whole project is provided for end 2020.
Car park projects in Wallonia


Safety warning notice WARNING! To reduce the possibility of heatrelated injuries or of overheating the computer, do not place the computer directly on your lap or obstruct the computer air vents. Safety warning notice WARNING! To reduce the possibility of heatrelated injuries or of overheating the computer, do not place the computer directly on your lap or obstruct the computer air vents.
HP Probook 6570b Notebook PC Data sheet 4AA EEE. pdf In cooperation with various government regulatory agencies, HP has announced an expansion of its June 2016 worldwide voluntary safety recall and replacement program for certain notebook batteries. Additional batteries are affected. HP recommends Windows 7. Service levels and response times for HP Care Packs may vary depending on your geographic location.
Service starts on date of hardware purchase. View full HP ProBook 6560b specs on CNET. HP Connection Manager 4. 0, HP DayStarter, HP Hotkey Support, HP Power Assistant, HP ProtectTools Security Manager, HP QuickWeb, HP Recovery Manager, HP 1: Configurations of the HP ProBook 6360b, HP ProBook 6460b and HP ProBook 6560b that are ENERGY STAR qualified are identified as HP ProBook 6360b ENERGY STAR, HP ProBook 6460b ENERGY STAR and HP ProBook 6560b ENERGY STAR on HP websites.
HP ProBook 6560b: 15. 6inch diagonal HD or HD WVA Easily hot dock with one of the optional HP docking stations Choice of primary battery to optimize runtime or weight: 9cell (100 WHr), 6cell (55 WHr), or 3cell (31 WHr) Hi, i want to upgrade my hp probook 6560bs processor from a i3, to a i7 but i was wondering what is the max tdp of this laptop as i cannot find it Separate launch buttons provide easy access to the following features: wireless onoff, HP QuickWeb, and volume mute.
The HP ProBook 6560b also features a calculator launch button. Function keys provide control of the following features: standby mode, external display, volume down, volume up, HP Power Assistant, and display brightness.
HP ProBook 6560b. Extensive battery solutions Multiple battery options allow you to configure your laptop with the mobility and battery run time that works for you. 4 Built to protect HP ProtectTools is a portfolio of security technologies designed SPECIFICATIONS Operating system Preinstalled: HP ProBook 6455b Notebook PC HP ProBook 6555b Notebook PC HP ProBook 6450b Notebook PC HP ProBook 6550b Notebook PC Maintenance and Service Guide Americas HP ProBook 6360b, 6460b, and 6560b Notebook PC Version 2 January 2012 Page 10 Processors 2nd Generation Intel Core i7 Processors Intel Core i M Processor (2.
80 GHz, 4 MB L3 cache, 2 cores4 threads, 35W)


text:
Beautiful tabletop items + your bed + breakfast = a perfect Allswell experience. And since our design-obsessed hearts beat extra fast for the impeccable selection at MoMA Design Store, we asked MoMA’s Chay Costello to help us start the day in style.
The only time anyone ever tells you that breakfast is the most important meal of the day is when you don’t want to hear it. Usually because you haven’t had one. Let’s flip that. We’re here to tell you that breakfast is the most important meal of the day because it’s the most enjoyable. If you have it in bed, that is. Breakfast in bed is a multi-sensory experience that tastes great, feels great, and, this is imperative, looks great.
To help with the latter part we consulted a woman with deep experience in curating everyday moments: Chay Costello, Associate Director of Merchandising at the MoMa Design Store. Chay’s job is to select practical and beautiful houseware from all over the world for MoMA’s shops, but before an alarm clock or toaster makes it to the store’s shelves, it has to pass the rigorous design and functionality standards set by the Museum’s curators. Get ready to make your Allswell moment museum-worthy.
“This French, handmade tray is lightweight, yet strong, an important combo as you (or, ideally, someone else) transport your breakfast from the kitchen to the bedroom. The round design makes it perfect to set on a bedside table.”
“Master architect Zaha Hadid designed these Illusions Tableware plates that interplay with lines and scale to create a 3D effect. Besides being lovely to look at, they add a sense of mystery to your scrambled eggs.”
“When I want to fantasize that I’m a 1960s era foreign diplomat, I eat my cereal with the elegant, modernist Embassy Flatware. It was originally created by David Mellor in 1963 for use in British embassies around the world.”
“Butter is a key for any successful breakfast. But if it’s not room temperature it can be hard to work with. The Butterup Knife takes a hard butter brick and turns it into sumptuous, spreadable ribbons.”
“I like to mix up my coffee game in the morning, but don’t want to have to think too hard. This handy borosilicate glass Multi-ccino Mug helps you measure ingredients and change the proportions of espresso, milk and water using the indicators printed on the outside of the mug.”
“Wake up to a moment of beauty and contemplation. The Mellow Vase is inspired by the play between color and light in Impressionist paintings. The subtle color gradation is particularly pretty in the soft morning light.”


Barack Obama won’t join Biden administration because Michelle ‘would leave me’
'She'd be like, 'What? You're doing what?'' Obama half-joked to CBS' Gayle King in a new interview.
Former President Barack Obama made it clear he won’t be joining the new administration of his former VP, President-elect Joe Biden.
Obama joked that the reason he wouldn’t do it is that the former first lady wouldn’t support it.
“There are probably some things I would not be doing because Michelle would leave me,'” he joked. “She’d be like, ‘What? You’re doing what?'”
Obama was being interviewed by Gayle King on CBS Sunday Morning when he replied that he was “not planning to suddenly work on the White House staff.”
The beloved former president is doing press in support of his new book, A Promised Land, the memoir written following his two-term presidency. The hefty tome comes in at nearly 800 pages.
In the interview, he talked about his wife, who was named again this year the most admired woman in the world. “I am mindful of the sacrifices she had made, but the good news is that for whatever reason, she has forgiven me — sort of,” he said. “She still reminds me, occasionally, of what she put up with.”
“When the presidency was over … she was able to let go of some of the stress of feeling as if, ‘I’ve got to get everything right all the time,'” Obama explained, adding that when he left office, Mrs. Obama was finally able to release a breath she had been holding “for close to 10 years.”
Since the end of their time in the White House, the Obamas have launched a production company that will produce original content for Netflix, and Mrs. Obama has created The Michelle Obama Podcast.
Both the former president and former first lady were active in campaigning for Biden.
Obama told King that his harsh criticism of President Donald Trump during the campaign was not his preference. However, he explained, “I think we were in a circumstance in this election in which certain norms, certain institutional values that are so extraordinarily important, had been breached — that it was important for me, as somebody who had served in that office, to simply let people know, ‘This is not normal.'”


Located 25 miles east of Seattle, Snoqualmie is best known for Snoqualmie Falls and its railroad history. While city government focuses on preserving Snoqualmie's small-town character, it also promotes a live, work, play environment supportive of established and new residents and business owners.
While many residents live in downtown Snoqualmie, which is the heart of the original town, the majority live in the new master-planned community of Snoqualmie Ridge. Homeowners enjoy the stunning natural beauty of more than 1,343 acres of the Upper Snoqualmie Valley. Over 40 percent of this new community has been set aside as open space, including amazing parks and trails, preserved wetlands and a Jack Nicklaus Signature TPC Golf Course. This community features a mixed development of signature homes, townhomes, condominiums, and apartments built by some of the Pacific Northwest's preeminent builders. Snoqualmie is the State's fastest growing city.
Residents of Snoqualmie enjoy restaurants, stores, professional services, a new library, and an excellent school district. In 2009, a new city hall opened in the historic district where significant revitalization and economic development projects are underway. The new Snoqualmie Casino is close to downtown as well.
Right in the heart of the Mountains to Sound Greenway, Snoqualmie offers an abundance of outdoor recreation. The city has 34 parks ranging from play-grounds to athletic fields and offers many sports programs for kids. Many special events occur throughout the year such as the Railroad Days Festival and the Boeing Classic at the Snoqualmie Ridge Tournament Players Club Golf Course.
The Snoqualmie Valley is home to Snoqualmie Falls, one of the most visited and breathtaking natural wonders in Washington State. The 270-foot cascading waterfall is located within minutes of historic downtown Snoqualmie. Combine this with easy access to outdoor activities such as Mt. Si, the Snoqualmie Pass Ski Resort, Snoqualmie National Forest, and Alpine Lakes Wilderness and you have one of Washington's favorite outdoor playgrounds.
- Population: 12,850
- Median Household Income: $130,060
- Average Rent: 2bd $2,000
- Median Prices: Homes $535,000; Condos $326,000


text:
On Thursday, the Vatican released a letter to U.S. bishops that addresses the sexual abuse scandal within the Catholic Church.
The letter was sent to the nearly 250 American bishops who are attending a spiritual retreat in Illinois. Pope Francis suggested the retreat as a step toward responding to the Church's "crisis of credibility."
In the letter, Francis acknowledged a "culture of abuse" in the church and specifically called out those who have attempted to cover up crimes. In order to move forward, Francis says, the church needs a new approach to its management, mindset and exercise of authority.
Francis has already asked bishops from around the world to meet in Rome next month to address the abuse scandal.
Additional reporting from Newsy affiliate CNN.

domain: sociology


text:
It seems we do like Rod Blagojevich more than Congress, if one wants to believe the train of thought offered up by a pair of polls.
|Who do we like more? Rod ...|
One of those polls is the one the Chicago Tribune came up with that had the former Illinois governor with a 13 percent approval rating in those weeks just before he became an indicted public official on the verge of being impeached.
THAT “13 PERCENT” figure is just so ridiculously low that it added to the comic relief we all got from the Blagojevich image. We could laugh at him for his ridiculous hair, his nasally voice and his over-the-top manlove for Elvis Presley.
So how can we not think equally absurd thoughts about our members of Congress, who were the focus of a new poll released this week by the Gallup Organization?
That’s how many of the people surveyed by Gallup approve of the job that Congress is doing – the same Congress that includes the House of Representatives that as I write this commentary is preparing to take a knee-jerk “no” vote to the payroll tax cut extension.
ALL BECAUSE THEY want to show they can, as an act of defiance to President Barack Obama. In fact, it seems that too much of the activity actually done by Congress these days is because they want to one-up the president, or don’t want to do anything that he could receive positive credit for.
It would seem that the members of Congress who rejected a two-month extension did so because they want some havoc to occur – because they want to believe the public will “blame” Obama.
|... or Congress?|
They try treating him like the invisible friend every young child tries to blame whenever things go wrong. Which is probably an appropriate comparison, because this kind of behavior is childish.
And it is the reason why people don’t think much of Congress these days. The Gallup Organization went so far as to say that this 11 percent figure is the lowest ever for Congress, and that the 17 percent that Congress averaged for the year 2011 is also a record-low.
FOR WHAT IT is worth, Gallup on Monday also gave Obama a 42 percent approval rating, and another poll put together for the Washington Post and ABC News had Obama at 49 percent approval – a significant increase from recent months and his highest level since March.
Could it really be that when Republican presidential hopeful Newt Gingrich goes around saying he would ignore the Supreme Court of the United States if it rules in cases in ways that go contrary to his ideological leanings and would also try to abolish courts and impeach judges who follow the law instead of his partisanship, all he does is makes Obama look rational and sane by comparison?
This coming at a time when another Gallup poll shows the Gingrich phenomenon fading, and he is merely tied with former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney in voter support for the GOP presidential nomination.
So we have the concept of “President Newt” and Congress on the decline and Obama on the rise, although we should all admit that Obama’s backing isn’t that high. It’s just a matter of the American people seeing that maybe these GOP operatives this time around are going to find someone whom we will despise more than the apathy of Obama on certain issues.
THINK ABOUT IT. All those ideologues in Congress who think the “American people” are preparing to “gang up” on Obama and dump him come Nov. 6 should consider that many of us “like” Obama more than we do them.
But it still makes me laugh that Congress has dropped lower than Blagojevich in terms of public perception. Because we all saw on Monday just how low the Blagojevich image has sunk.
His attorneys made an attempt to base a motion requesting a new trial on the fact that the forewoman of his jury is committing disparaging acts when she makes public appearances.
That caused U.S. District Judge James Zagel to not only reject the motion, but to dismiss it as “harebrained” and say they owed the jury forewoman an apology. And most people who commented about the issue on various Internet sites couldn’t help themselves.
WAY TOO MANY insisted that Zagel really meant “hairbrained” – with reference to the Blagojevich “doo” that will have one heck of a time surviving the barbers at whatever prison facility the former Illinois governor winds up being sent to.
Now, in the public’s mind, we have someone we think even less of than Milorod.
Our Congress has sunk too low. Although I still believe that many people approve of their own member of Congress. It’s your member who they think is causing all the problems.
But I wonder if any of the congress members will take this thought into consideration. Blagojevich has become a national punch line.
AT THE RATE they’re going, Congress may soon be even bigger fodder for the late night shows and parodies. And they won’t be able to blame Blagojevich for this fact – because it has been nearly a decade since he served a six-year stint in those “hallowed halls” on Capitol Hill.
The current Congress has achieved this “low” all by themselves.

domain: news


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WASHINGTON – Do you believe there will be no American troops sent to Libya in the post-Moammar Gadhafi clean up?
Defense Secretary Leon Panetta is not even considering it, he told Stars and Stripes during a roundtable interview in his office Friday, and the Pentagon backed him on Monday. That is, unless the United Nations and NATO change their mission and the president changes his mind.
UPDATED: 12:04 P.M.
But isn’t that what the U.S. military has trained, recruited, equipped and doctrined itself to be for the last decade? Doesn't it field thousands of advise-and-assist (don’t call them "combat") troops?
The U.S. has always promised "no boots on the ground" for Libya, but some have speculated that if the rebels could topple Gadhafi, the U.S. and NATO surely would move down from the skies and help disarm and organize the rebels, before equipping them and training them as professionalized security forces, just like they’ve been doing around the world since Sept. 11.
After rebels walked into Tripoli on Sunday, President Barack Obama said in his statement the U.S would continue to protect the Libyan people.
“We will continue to work with our allies and partners in the international community to protect the people of Libya, and to support a peaceful transition to democracy,” he said.
For now, that U.S. protection remains limited to the NATO humanitarian mission, Pentagon press secretary George Little said Monday, in a crowded Monday morning press gaggle.
Could that change?
“At this point there is still no indication that that will change: There will not be U.S. boots on the ground,” said Defense Department spokesman Col. David Lapan in his office.
At this point. And if the U.N. or NATO change the mission?
“It won’t change our position. If there is going to be some type of transitional mission that involves any kind of foreign troops, there wouldn’t be U.S. ground troops,” he said.
That order is a presidential decision, though, so Obama always could change his mind?
“Yeah, anything’s possible,” Lapan conceded, but the Pentagon has no indication anything’s changed.
Why is there there is no talk of involving U.S. Marines or soldiers in the democracy-building effort already underway, like they have done so intimately across Iraq and Afghanistan for years?
The U.S. now has plenty of experience trying to build Middle Eastern security forces and civic institutions, especially within a violent counterinsurgency military campaign that started after U.S. forces invaded the country, wiped out the governing structure, and – per Colin Powell's famous "Pottery Barn” rule of "you break it, you own it" – now owned that country’s security.
(The U.S. is now negotiating with Baghdad on how many of the 46,000 “advise and assist” troops to keep in Iraq after Dec. 31, Pentagon and Iraqi officials have said.)
Here’s what Panetta said, Friday:
STARS AND STRIPES: Are you considering the possibility of American boots on the ground, post-Gadhafi, in Libya, of any kind?
PANETTA: No, not at all. You know, obviously one of the things we have to look at is what a post-Gadhafi governance would look like. And I think this really – this lies more in the diplomatic arena than in the military arena – which is, how do you put together the opposition forces? How do you develop that council so that it represents all of the tribes within Libya and gives them an opportunity to kind of shape that future governance? That’s going to be a huge diplomatic responsibility that’ll fall not only on our State Department but obviously on the other governments in NATO that are involved. That’s going to be the challenge.
The diplomats seem to agree. Anne-Marie Slaughter, Princeton professor and former State Department policy and planning director, tweeted Monday morning: “I'll take anyone's bet: there will be NO U.S. military troops on the ground in Libya. Not going to happen.”


In case you missed it: Columns from cover32 to catch up on everything from the New York Jets this week.
New York Jets
– New York Jets Chris Johnson vs. RB’s in same draft class from 2008. (READ)
– Jets top-10 sleeper team that could make 2014 NFL Playoffs. (READ)
– Jets OLB Calvin Pace named top-15 in the NFL. (READ)
– NY Jets GM John Idzik not named top-10 in the NFL — for now. (READ)


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- 4 Effective Air Filtration System Options
- Higher Learning: Lessons in HVAC Efficiency
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text:
decided: April 10, 1980.
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA
GEORGE FITZSIMMONS, APPELLANT
Appeal No. 66 March Term 1979, from the Judgments of Sentence of the Court of Common Pleas of Westmoreland County at No. 721 April Term 1975; Earl S. Keim, President Judge.
Kenneth J. Fishman, Boston, Massachusetts, Daniel J. Ackerman, Philadelphia, F. Lee Bailey, Boston, Massachusetts, for appellant.
Thur W. Young, Dist. Atty., James J. Conte, Asst. Dist. Atty., for appellee.
Eagen, C. J., and O'Brien, Roberts, Nix, Larsen, Flaherty and Kauffman, JJ.
Author: Per Curiam
[ 488 Pa. Page 536]
OPINION OF THE COURT
Judgments of sentence affirmed.
© 1998 VersusLaw Inc.

domain: law


text:
Attuned to my culture
- Rucha Desai, Ridgewood, NJ
March 10, 2007
(Rucha Desai won Honorary Mention: Bharata Natyam Arangetram DVD in the Dance Essay Competition conducted by Cultural Centre of India, OH, on the topic "Why is being a dancer important to me.")
Dance ignites the flame that illuminates my soul. When I move, I feel a surge of energy reverberate through my veins. However emotionally or physically exhausted I feel, dance invigorates my senses, bringing my heart and mind together. When I am dancing, I am not a girl, a student, or an Indian - I am empowered to become simply me. As an Indian girl attending American schools, I have been subject to stereotypes. When I am dancing, I forget my labels, remove myself from arbitrary categories, and delve into a world without external forces trying to shape my life. As a dancer, I am alone, but not lonely. Driven by this passion of art, I become one with the world around me.
Dance has brought me closer to my roots. I partake in all forms of dance, currently swaying to Bollywood and Middle Eastern beats. In the past, I have participated in Kathak, Hip Hop, Ballet, Modern, West African, and Salsa. Through the Kathak and Bollywood styles, I have become more attuned to my culture. I learn to move to the rhythms of my people, and understand our channels of expression.
Dance has provided me more than the dense pages of a history book has ever given me. I come alive when I am performing. When I dance in front of people, I am telling them a story. I speak through my dance, acknowledging emotions I do not express through words. Like Nora, in Henrik Ibsen's 'A Dollhouse,' I am "dancing as if life depended on it." Without passion, a human is merely a machine, operating by social mores. Dance is my passion; it allows me to develop my own being, express myself, and become aware of my senses. Without dance, without an illuminating force, I would be another machine. Through dance, I attain light, bliss, and peace. I am a dancer.
Rucha Desai is a student of 12th grade at Ridgewood High School in NJ, USA. She learns Bollywood and Middle Eastern dance from Lateefah Ravish, Arya Dance Academy.

domain: hobby


text:
Sometimes during the transfer window, opportunities just seem to fall into place.
The 27-year-old Argentine has not played a single Serie A match for Lazio during the 2009-10 season, despite being a regular in the starting 11 for the past three years. Much like former Lazio striker Goran Pandev, who left for Internazionale earlier this month, Ledesma has had an ongoing feud with boss Claudio Lotito.
Now, after his efforts to leave the club before the January transfer window closes, Ledesma appears to be quickly running out of options.
First, a move to rival Italian club Genoa fell through due to the fact Ledesma simply cost too much for the Griffins. Inter then made a proposal of €10 million, hoping to secure the services of the talented midfielder. Still, the amount did not meet with Lotito's demands, and for now, all is quiet on the transfer front for the frozen-out Argentine.
It's a no-win situation for both parties.
If a transfer is not reached within the next two days, Lotito will once again fail to cash in on a player on his way out of the club, as Ledesma would be able to walk away as a free agent when the season ends. For Ledesma, it means another four months without seeing first-team action, all but killing any World Cup aspirations he may have had.
However, new Zenit St. Petersburg manager Luciano Spalletti might have other ideas about letting that happen.
Ledesma would be a perfect fit in Spalletti's famed 4-2-3-1 formation as a deep-lying midfielder. He would add much needed depth, now that 31-year-old Igor Semshov has returned to Dynamo Moscow, shortening the bench considerably but also allowing Spalletti additional finances.
As it stands at the moment, Zenit's projected two starting central midfielders would be Konstantin Zyryanov and Igor Denisov, but it is no secret Spalletti has desired to add another central midfielder to his squad before the transfer window closes.
If Ledesma is not the perfect man for the job, then nobody is.
While it is unlikely Zenit would be able to get him for a cheap price, a tag of €12 million would not only surpass Inter's offer, but most likely provide Lazio with a last chance at making a profit on the midfielder.
After all, Claudio Lotito is all for a bidding war over his players to chose the best possible option. The main question is if Ledesma would be willing to move from Italy to St. Petersburg. Several South American players have already turned down lucrative moves to Zenit, namely Fluminense star striker Fred.
The facts remain in place however.
Lazio has been brought to its knees by the decisions of Lotito and needs reinforcements quickly. Sitting on 21 points, only two from being in the relegation zone, Lotito needs to spend and raise money for his club.
Ledesma needs an outlet out of Rome much like former Roma boss Spalletti found in Russia's port city. Ledesma would be welcomed with solid playing time, an opportunity to play in the Champions League in 2010, and a place where he could nearly double his current salary thanks to Russian taxes.
How quickly could marauding Zenit sporting director Igor Korneev jump on the situation?
Only time will tell, as his thoughts have been focused on a new striker and center back for the better part of the last two weeks. There is no question he has the money to make the move happen, even on such short notice. He nearly struck a deal with Lotito during the summer for Pandev, only for the Lazio president shoot it down in hopes of receiving a better offer.
That better offer of course, never came, because Pandev left the club in January for free. It would do Lotito well to not let that happen again, and it would do Zenit well to take advantage of this golden opportunity to add a high-class midfielder.


text:
Trick-or-Treat event to benefit local families
Cassville High School FBLA, FCCLA, FFA and TSA members will collect donations for local food pantries through the first Trick-or-Treat So Others Can Eat event on Tuesday, Oct. 30. Members will trick-or-treat in Cassville neighborhoods from 5:30 to 7 p.m.
"Missouri CTSO (Career and Technical Students Organizations) have adopted Share Your Strength -- No Kid Hungry as their state-wide community service outreach project," said Samantha Cosper, CHS FCCLA advisor. "They asked all CTSOs to work together in their local communities toward the mission of ending childhood hunger.
"FBLA, FCCLA and FFA are our local CTSOs at Cassville High School, and we decided as a group to try trick-or-treating for canned goods as a way to collect food items to be donated to our local food pantries," continued Cosper. "Chelsea Swadley, one of our FBLA sponsors, had participated in an activity like this at her previous school so she came up with the title."
Cosper expects around 50 CHS students to take part in Trick-or-Treat So Others Can Eat. Students will be dressed in costumes and wearing name tags, which will help community members recognize them, said Cosper.
"Just like trick-or-treating for candy, having your light on will let students know that you are willing to participate in this event and that it is appropriate for them to knock on your door," said Cosper. "Students will be instructed not to knock on doors where there is no light on so it is very important that citizens turn on their porch lights."
Some of the most needed food items include: boxed and canned meals, such as soups, macaroni and cheese and Hamburger Helper; canned meats like tuna and chicken; canned fruits and vegetables; pasta and spaghetti sauces; peanut butter and jelly; and kitchen staples, such as flour, sugar, oil, salt, pepper, spices and condiments.
"Donating just one item can be a deciding factor in whether a child in our community does or does not have something to eat," said Cosper. "We have local food pantries in Cassville, Shell Knob and Eagle Rock who continue to do a wonderful job of serving our communities and those families in need.
"Demand continues to rise while the resources made available remain the same," continued Cosper. "It is our hope that with this event we can raise at least 1,000 pounds of food to be delivered to these local pantries. Every item donated stays local to help the children and families in our community."
Community members who are unable to donate non-perishable food items during Trick-or-Treat So Others Can Eat but would still like to participate are invited to bring their donations to the Cassville High School office.


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Ukrainian law makers will hold a "very brief" ceasefire in the eastern regions to give separatists and armed men a chance to disarm themselves, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has said.
"The president's peace plan starts with my order of unilateral ceasefire."
He told reporters: "The ceasefire will be very brief and during this period the illegal armed groups must be disarmed and order must be restored in the region," the Interfax-Ukraine news agency reported.
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More than seven million people in their 30s and 40s will lose out by £10,000 each under plans to increase the state pension age to 68.
The Duke of Cambridge reveals he often talks to Prince George and Princess Charlotte about their other grandmother.
The Queen was so “deeply concerned” about Diana as her marriage to Prince Charles unravelled she asked a close friend to check on her.


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John has been dancing for over 20 years, starting with hip-hop and R&B. Self-taught, he could be found dancing several nights a week to many types of music, including hip-hop, R&B, Blues, electronica, EBM, industrial, goth, and many others. John discovered his love for social partner dancing about 10 years ago when he got a taste for Salsa, Bachata, Merengue, Cha Cha Cha, and other Latin dancing.
Six years ago he discovered social Blues dancing by accident at a local Lindy Exchange. His passion for Blues music and his recent discover for social Blues dancing led him to rigorously study Blues dancing around the country by attending countless number of Blues workshops and exchanges. In addition to attending these workshops at the highest level, John has also received private instruction under top international Blues instructors such as Damon Stone, Dexter Santos, Heidi Fite, Campbell Miller, Barry “The Man” Douglas, Brenda Russell, and Tim O’Neill.
John shortly started teaching in New Mexico after meeting with a prominent international instructor, Tim O’Neill, in Los Angeles back in 2011. Unsure if he was ready, Tim promptly told John “If people are asking you to teach, then teach!”
Since then, John has taught several workshops in New Mexico, hundreds of weekly classes in Albuquerque, and a few places around the country, including New York recently. John runs a fun, lighthearted classroom, and enjoys working with beginner dancers, instructors, and everyone else in-between.
He provides a fun, comfortable, safe environment to learn in. His classes will also challenge you to develop new dance technique, improve your body awareness, and gain new insight on how to move your body.
Blues Dances and DJ’ing
John currently runs the Blues dance scene in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and is proud to have the opportunity to build this community. He’s got a great team to help run things and spread the love of Blues dancing around the state of New Mexico. Our team can be found at the local weekly Blues dance in Albuquerque, various live music venues around town, other local dances (Swing, Salsa, Tango), and even other dance events around the country.
In addition to DJ’ing Blues music locally, John has also DJ’d R&B, Soul, and Blues at several Fusion Exchange dance events (Boston Fusion Exchange, San Francisco Fusion Exchange, Las Vegas Fusion Exchange, Denver Fusion Exchange), Atomic Blues Fusion, Rain City Blues and various other events. John is proud and eager to share his joy and passion of Blues dancing with this wonderful community, whether it is through teaching, DJ’ing, or organizing events.
Blues Dance Competitions
Although John finds Blues dance competitions nerve wracking , he enjoys the challenge and has competed at a few events in the past couple of years. Recently, he placed 2nd with Erin Kelly in the Open Strictly Competition at Chicago bluesShout! 2014.
Awards and Placement
- 2nd place- Social Jack and Jill Austin Blues Party
- Finals- Strictly Competition Austin Blues Party
- 1st place- Open Jack and Jill North Star Blues with Kara Fabina
- 2nd place- Open Strictly North Star Blues with Anna Washenko
- 2nd place – Open Strictly Chicago bluesShout! with Erin Kelly
- Finals – Open Jack and Jill Chicago bluesSHOUT!
- Finals – Social Jack and Jill Austin Blues Party
- 2nd place – ProAm Lead St Louis bluesSHOUT! with Julie Brown
- 4th place – Strictly Mile High Blues with Flouer Evelyn
- 1st place – Secret Jack and Jill Mile High Blues with Tian Yu Yen
- 3rd place – Strictly Portland Blues Experience (PBEx) with Emunah Selah
- Finals – Novice Jack and Jill Minnesota bluesSHOUT!
- Finals – Novice Jack and Jill Boston bluesSHOUT!
Yuliya has been taking dance classes and performing since she was 15. With a minor in Dance she was able to explore many different kinds of dancing, including Flamenco, hip-hop, tap, African dancing and folkloric. She tried ballroom dance and loved waltz, swing and salsa, and that’s where her passion to partner dancing began. She currently dances swing, Blues, and Salsa on a regular basis and has been for 6 years. Teaching Blues Dancing is a new passion in her life and she continues to improve her dancing every day.


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Three months' food grains quota allotted to Madhya PradeshP Naveen | TNN | Dec 22, 2012, 05.35 PM IST
BHOPAL: Madhya Pradesh has received APL, BPL and AAY (wheat and rice) quota for January to March, 2013. It concludes 83 thousand 670 metric tonnes of food grains for APL, 89 thousand 18 metric tonnes for BPL and 55 thousand 355 metric tonnes of food grains for AAY scheme.
The state government has issued directives regarding allocated food grains to all the district collectors. Facility to lift lump sum quota of food grains for January to March, 2013 has been provided to ration card holders. Instructions have been given to make available total 18 kg wheat to each APL ration card holder at the rate of 6 kg per card for three months. Instructions have also been given that if a beneficiary demands less quantity, then quota should be made available to him in instalments.
Under the Antyodaya Anna Yojna, 35 kg food grains per ration card will be made available for three months, which amounts to 105 kg. Lifting three months' lump sum quota is voluntary for beneficiaries.
Instructions have also been issued to ensure that food grains are provided to consumers as per norms and rates of distribution. It should also be ensured that no beneficiary is left deprived of facility to lift three months' lump sum quota of food grains. Directives have been issued to publicise this arrangement through public announcement system in urban areas. Directives have also been issued to adhere to government's guidelines to this effect strictly.


IN 2021, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre and the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) published “Insight into railway innovation through patenting trends,” an exploration of patenting data which identifies trends in railway research around the world.
The study uses the Cooperative Patent Classification system to identify patent applications relevant to railway technology, split into four principal subsystems: control, command and signalling (CCS), comprising both lineside and onboard equipment; energy, which covers the energy supply system, including overhead electrification; infrastructure with its subcategories of rail, fastenings, sleepers, ballast, switches and crossings; and rolling stock, including suspension systems, couplings and brakes.
Across these subsystems, EU patenting trends data indicates that the energy and infrastructure have remained relatively stable in terms of patent filings, but that CCS and rolling stock have seen significant increases since 2010. In particular, the number of high value inventions for which patent applications were filed with more than one patent office in CCS and rolling stock increased significantly between 2010 and 2017.
Within rolling stock, suspensions, traction equipment and vehicles, including passenger coaches and freight wagons, account for the largest share of observed growth. It is particularly interesting to note that vehicles - or skeletal design innovations - are leading the charge by some margin, indicating that attention has turned to the design of the whole train itself and, perhaps, methods to improve efficiency.
In the near to mid-term future, CCS and rolling stock are likely to see the most technological change. One observation noticeably absent is that despite relative increases in filings in some areas, the actual number of filings remains very low in comparison with other transport industries, such as aerospace.
There could be many reasons for this; there may be comparatively fewer inventions in the rail sector; or the rail sector may be less patent-focused or perhaps less patent-aware in some cases than the other sectors. Comparatively higher R&D spending in sectors such as aerospace leads to a desire to protect this increased investment by means of asserting intellectual property, including patent filings.
A standout metric in the report is the relative number of patent filings by territory. A contributing factor to this trend may well be rooted in domestic policy. For example, a marked increase in filings for all inventions by Chinese applicants can be traced back to 2013, two years after the Chinese government introduced a policy to increase the number of IP rights per capita. By 2019, China had surpassed the United States as the largest patent filer across all filing areas with various patent-filing incentive programmes for Chinese applicants considered key to this growth.
While China leads overall, when high-value inventions are considered, EU applicants are filing significantly more patent applications than those in other territories. The data indicates that since 2000, EU applicants have been most active in devising inventions which are valuable enough that protection for them is sought in multiple jurisdictions - suggesting that the EU remains a powerhouse for research and development in the rail sphere.
Nevertheless, the number of high-value inventions from Chinese applicants has risen significantly in recent years and is likely to continue to do so. The growth of Chinese innovators and suppliers could also result in more competition in the wider rail industry, which may ultimately lead to a squeeze on price at manufacturing level.
The number of high-value inventions from Chinese applicants has risen significantly in recent years and is likely to continue to do so.
The report also considers the number of filings for technologies which “mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases and technologies that facilitate adaption to the adverse effects of climate change.”
In the data presented, EU-based applicants are filing the largest number of high-value green inventions across the four railway subsystems. The report suggests that this is based on know-how built up over the last few decades in combination with a favourable regulatory framework in Europe. Other reasons may include the general increase in environmental awareness, both in industry and amongst the general public, and the fact that the EU is already highly active in R&D in the rail sector.
The report also considers the most prolific filers of patent applications for railway technology. Among the top 10 innovators, Chinese rolling stock manufacturer CRRC holds first place and the Korean Railroad Research Institute (KRRI) is third. That CRRC occupies first place should not come as a surprise given the patenting data observations.
In Europe, Siemens is by far the most prolific filer of patent applications, producing over 600 high value inventions between 2010 and 2017. Alstom is second with around 150 over the same period.
In contrast with other industries, the United States is less represented. This could be attributable to the USA being less focused on rail in its R&D activity and a lack of emphasis on the environmental benefits of rail in the US compared with Europe.
There are several limitations to the conclusions drawn both here and in the report. Not all innovations are protected by patent applications and these statistics will therefore not consider any non-patent innovations, such as trade secrets. Furthermore, patent applications are not the only type of intellectual property and the report does not consider filings for registered design protection, or for trademarks.
With patent filings, for the most part increasing, intellectual property is arguably playing an ever-more important role in protecting railway industry innovation. To maintain rail’s status as an environmentally friendly, efficient, and progressive industry, as well as to maximise returns from their R&D investments, all innovators should prioritise protecting their inventions.


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How to Choose the Right Game
Because of the differences in personality, it has seen people spending their time doing very many different things like playing games. Games are interesting due to their challenges, this makes a lot of people to get to play them. A lot of games are in the market as at now and they are also interesting. Choosing a game has become tricky since there are very many games in the market and there are also many games that are still being developed. The article below gives some of the main things you should have in mind and keep into consideration when selecting a game that is aimed at making your selection less challenging.
You should first know which type of games that you like playing and that interest you as a person. When you know what you are interested in, it will act as a guide for you to only go for those games that are within your interesting leaving those that you don’t play. The high number of games will reduce drastically after sorting out the games that are of your interest and leaving out those that are not of interest to you, this will make it easier for you to choose a game that suits you best. Checking the graphical display of the game you are interested in is also an important factor to put into consideration. Choose on good graphical display for your game because the graphical display will determine whether you will get to enjoy the game you selected or not.
Before you select a game it is important that you do a background check to know the game better. You can do your research online, there are a lot of blogs that are written about games like destiny blogs. It is also important that you look into the storage system and the memory of the game as well. There are games that require a large amount of storage system space for them to be installed in your personal computer or your mobile phone. The memory that the game has is also important for you to look into because you would not like to be losing data about the levels you play in the game. The game’s control and input is also important for you to put into consideration before you select it.
The game’s communication and the audio of the game is also important to be put into consideration. The game you select should have a good communication feature and also should be having good audio to allow clear and good communication. Select on a game that is simple and communicates in the language you understand. The process of selecting a game should be easy when you put into consideration the factors above.
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