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The publication of the book 'Environmental Governance in Kenya' was a notable feature at the 5th Association of Environmental Law Lecturers in African Universities (ASSELLAU) Conference on GMOs in Africa, held on August 20-23, 2023.
In a significant stride towards advancing knowledge and understanding in the realm of environmental governance, the University of Nairobi proudly hosted the launch of a groundbreaking book titled "Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework." This momentous occasion, graced by esteemed figures from academia and government, served as a platform to reflect on Kenya's journey in upholding sustainable development principles and environmental stewardship since the inception of the 2010 Constitution.
The event commenced with the warm welcome of attendees by the Vice Chancellor of the University of Nairobi, Professor Julius Ogeng'o. The Vice Chancellor emphasized the importance of environmental law and governance and the University's commitment to fostering a culture of scholarly excellence was underlined as a testament to its involvement in hosting significant conferences and producing impactful books in the field.
The Vice Chancellor's address highlighted the impressive collaboration that led to the creation of the book, engaging diverse authors - notably, a significant number of young talents who are carrying the torch of environmental law into the future. ‘’This collaboration is a testament to the vibrant academic community at the University of Nairobi and its ongoing contributions to global environmental discourse’’.
Recollections of achievements and landmarks in environmental law resonated through the Vice Chancellor's words. He brought to light the University of Nairobi's pivotal role in the 2004 IUCN Academy of Environmental Law Colloquium, which featured luminaries such as the late Nobel laureate Professor Wangari Maathai. The Vice Chancellor underscored how such events have enriched the University's reputation as a hub of environmental scholarship.
The growth of the Association of Environmental Law Lecturers in African Universities (ASSELLAU) was highlighted, tracing its roots back to the University of Nairobi in 2004. The University's continued involvement and support of ASSELLAU demonstrated its unwavering commitment to advancing environmental law education and collaboration on the continent.
Augustino Neto, a Technical Advisor to the Cabinet Secretary for Environment, Climate Change, and Forestry, Hon. Soipan Tuya, stood in on behalf of the Cabinet Secretary at the Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, and Forestry. He expressed his profound appreciation for the occasion, recognizing the significance of environmental governance within the framework of sustainable development. Mr. Neto stressed that the book's exploration of Kenya's progress in implementing constitutional provisions on environmental governance since 2010 was of paramount importance.
In his address, Mr. Neto acknowledged the historical challenges humanity has faced in ensuring good environmental governance, tracing the evolution of efforts to balance socio-economic activities with environmental preservation. The transformative nature of the Kenyan Constitution, with its commitment to a clean and healthy environment, was highlighted as a cornerstone for upholding environmental rights.
He further commended the collaborative efforts that led to the creation of the book, noting its relevance to her own ministry's responsibilities. The book's comprehensive coverage of various environmental issues underpinned its significance as a resource for policy development, legal analysis, and scholarly research. Particularly noteworthy was the book's chapter on the role of language in environmental governance, authored by a Judge of the Environment and Land Court.
Mr. Neto reaffirmed the government's dedication to climate action and sustainable development, drawing attention to imminent initiatives such as the 2023-2027 National Climate Change Action Plan. She underscored the importance of leveraging scholarly insights, like those encapsulated in the book, to inform national policies and international commitments under the Paris Agreement.
Professor Winfred Kamau, the Dean of the Faculty of Law, took the opportunity to underscore the significance of the book launch. As the first scholarly output dedicated to assessing Kenya's journey in environmental governance under the 2010 Constitution, the book summarizes over a decade's worth of experience in this domain. Its aptly titled theme, "Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework,"
The Dean lauded the collaborative efforts of the Faculty of Law in conceptualizing and editing the book. With 27 chapters spanning a wide range of topics, including a comparative study on Uganda, the book stood as a testament to the Faculty's commitment to advancing knowledge in the field of environmental law.
On her part, Director, Law Division, UNEP, Prof Patricia Kameri-Mbote lauded all the authors who contributed to the success of the book. This book, 'Environmental Governance in Kenya' is coming 13 years after the adaptation of the constitution in Kenya. She further highlighted the six chapters in the book which include; Ethics culture and traditional knowledge, Land and environmental governance, wildlife conservation &management and renewable energy.
She also acknowledged the efforts and contributions of the late Prof. Okidi an outstanding environmental law scholar, a great contributor to governance and leadership in Kenya. Professor Okidi developed and executed competent teaching and research in environmental law and policy his unwavering commitment in building capacity in this area led him to earn the title, “the father and mentor” of environmental law title in Africa and beyond. Prof. Charles Odidi Okidi was an academic who has greatly contributed to the development of environmental law, not only in Kenya but also globally; and dedicated his life to seeking to improve the manner in which the environment is governed.
The launch of "Environmental Governance in Kenya: Implementing the Constitutional Framework" marked a significant milestone in the ongoing discourse on sustainable development and environmental stewardship. Through collaboration, scholarly exploration, and commitment to the principles enshrined in the Kenyan Constitution, the University of Nairobi displayed its dedication to shaping a greener and more sustainable future.
As the book embarks on its journey to inform policy, guide research, and inspire the next generation of environmental scholars, its significance will continue to echo not only within the academic community but also within the broader context of environmental governance in Kenya and beyond.

domain: literature


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Clif Blocks Energy Chews Review
Athletes who like to spend a lot of time training or prefer doing high endurance workouts I know how important it is to keep your energy up. When you're in the middle of a training session and find her self running out of fuel, grab some of the BLOKS Energy Chews to keep you going. They're loaded with essential nutrients and minerals that can keep you moving through the duration of your workout. Consumers can appreciate the addition of electrolytes to ensure you're staying hydrated.
This product is available in a variety of great flavors. Most consumers adore the taste of these chews. They stated that it has a sweet taste that is akin to candy or fruit snacks. Additionally, it has a great consistency. Reviewers compared it to a softer gummy bear. This makes it much easier to eat while you're on-the-go. Something to keep in mind, however, is that you do have to take this with water. It is highly recommended that you take a swig of water after you're done consuming this product.
Overall, this is an excellent product for those who lead an active lifestyle. The affordable cost combined with the effectiveness makes it a fantastic value and a snack that every endurance trainer should keep in their gym bag.
Variety of flavors
Must take with water
High glycemic index
After six months of experimenting in his mother's kitchen, he finally came up with the perfect recipe for his first Clif Bar. He decided on the name Clif after his father, Clifford, who got him involved in the outdoors and encouraged him to follow his dreams.
To this day, the cliff brand is family owned and operated. They plan to stay this way and have been known to turn down some pretty hefty offers of buying out the company. Founders Gary Erickson and Kit Crawford are here to stay. They have five aspirations for their business model. They know how important the business, brand, people, community, and plant it is, and they strive to make the best out of everything.
The Clif Bar company has become a household name. Anyone who does any kind of Fitness or athletic activity has probably heard of this brand. They offer affordable and delicious snacks that can help keep it going throughout your training session.
It is recommended that you eat half a packet of these chews about 15 minutes before your workout. Additionally, you can eat one to two packs per hour during your activity as needed. Something that the manufacturer notes that you should be aware of is that eating these Bloks should always be followed by drinking at least a mouthful of water.
If you find yourself looking for a refuel, then this is going to be the perfect product for you.
I'm placing your order you can choose from black cherry, cranberry razz, citrus, ginger ale, margarita, mountain berry, orange, salted watermelon, spearmint, strawberry, and tropical fruit. Whether you're looking for something fruity, salty, tangy, or a little mint, this product has you covered.
Another thing that consumers appreciate about this product is that it is available in a variety of packs. If you want to keep multiple flavors on hand or you want to try a little of everything, the variety pack is probably the best way to go.
These ingredients include organic brown rice syrup, organic dried cane syrup, organic brown rice syrup solids, organic sunflower oil, maltodextrin, tapioca syrup, citric acid, pectin, potassium citrate, sea salt, and carnauba wax.
Some of the other ingredients that you might find depending on the flavor you choose include natural flavors and coloring. You don't have to worry, though, they use natural ingredients to color their products. The company uses carrot, blueberry, and black currant juice concentrates to give each one of the Bloks their unique color.
For the most up-to-date and accurate information about what it is, it's in the bar that you're consuming, make sure you're looking at the package.
Each package of the BLOKS Energy Chews contains 6 Bloks. This means that the whole package is going to carry about 200 calories. A serving size is three cubes equaling 100 calories per serving. Additionally, they break it down a little further, stating that each one of the cubes is 33 calories.
Remember that since the serving size is only three cubes, each pack has two servings. This makes things a little easier for those who are tracking their food consumption.
Something you should keep in mind since this product does have such a low-calorie count, it shouldn't be used to replace a full meal. Unfortunately, there's just not enough nutrients in the product to constitute a meal replacement. However, you can pair this with some more nutritious snacks to make a meal, but it is not advised.
Customers can appreciate the Great Taste and variety of flavors they have with this product. Some consumers stated that they were a little sweeter than expected, but they don't leave a bad taste in your mouth at all like other brands. Some reviewers even equated the taste of this product to fruit snacks or candy, which always makes for a great snack.
Customers have stated that it has a consistency of a gummy bear, just a little bit softer. They're very easy to eat and don't leave a bad feeling in your mouth. Overall, customers really enjoy and appreciate the consistency of these chews.
Some athletes prefer consuming caffeine while they are working out. It is known to be an effective performance-enhancing ingredient that you'll find in a lot of energy-boosting products. It can help enhance your mental alertness while training. Clif Uses green tea extract as their caffeine source, so you don't have to worry about putting artificial ingredients into your body. Every flavor that contains caffeine is clearly labeled, right on the package, so you can easily tell which ones contain caffeine and which ones don't. If you choose the black cherry flavor, you'll receive 50 mg of caffeine per serving. Additionally, the orange and tropical punch contain 25 mg per serving. The company notes that decaffeinated flavors are not meant for people who are under the age of 18, pregnant or nursing women or individuals who have caffeine sensitivities.
If you prefer to forgo caffeine in your energy supplements, then you can choose from cranberry razz, ginger ale, margarita, mountain berry, salted watermelon, or strawberry. These six flavors are all caffeine-free, so you don't have to worry about any unwanted side effects.
Keep in mind, if you are consuming the snacks daily, then the price will add up over time. However, if you're only using them to supplement electrolytes and other essential nutrients when you need them, then the price doesn't seem so bad.
Overall, you have to consider the affordable cost as well as the effectiveness of the product. Customers have stated that it is an effective snack that will help boost their energy while they're in the middle of a workout. This alone makes the product and fantastic value.
This product is available in great flavors that customers love. Reviewers rave about the great taste and fantastic consistency. They are easy to eat while on the go, making them a winner in their books. You have the option of caffeinated and caffeine-free flavors. Additionally, if you have trouble with muscle cramps, there is a flavor with increase sodium to help with that.
This snack is a perfect addition to your gym bag if you spend a lot of time training. It's always nice to have a little energy booster on hand when you need it.

domain: food


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Matthew L Bechtold, Patricia M Brown, Arlene Escuro, Brandee Grenda, Theresa Johnston, Michelle Kozeniecki, Berkeley N Limketkai, Krystie K Nelson, Jan Powers, Andrea Ronan, Nathan Schober, Brian J Strang, Cristina Swartz, Justine Turner, Lauren Tweel, Renee Walker, Lisa Epp, Ainsley Malone
Enteral nutrition (EN) is a vital component of nutrition around the world. EN allows for delivery of nutrients to those who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by oral intake alone. Common questions regarding EN are when to initiate and in what scenarios it is safe. The answers to these questions are often complex and require an evidence-based approach. The Board of Directors of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) established an Enteral Nutrition Committtee to address the important questions surrounding the indications for EN. Consensus recommendations were established based on eight extremely clinically relevant questions regarding EN indications as deemed by the Enteral Nutrition Committee. These consensus recommendations may act as a guide for clinicians and stakeholders on difficult questions pertaining to indications for EN. This paper was approved by the ASPEN Board of Directors.
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The idea of time travel has fascinated artists, scientists, and historians for centuries. Authors have used the possibility of traveling through time to explore some of the big questions of human existence.
Here are five examples.
Time and Again by Jack Finney
When a secret government organization recruits advertising artist Si Morley for its time travel experiment, Morley jumps at the chance. His friend has the remnant of a partially burned letter dated January 1882, and Morley intends to see what he can find out about the letter writer and intended recipient. One temptation of time travel is that travelers will like some other time period better than their own. When Morley falls in love with a woman from the world of 1882, he must decide exactly who he is and where he belongs.
This 1970 novel is one of the most popular time-travel books, and its reputation is well deserved. Finney creates a compelling picture of life in New York City at the end of the nineteenth century and even makes time travel seem like a logical possibility. If you’re new to time travel literature, this novel is a good place to start.
The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger
This novel uses time travel to present an unlikely love story. Clare and Henry are soul mates, but Henry suffers from a rare genetic condition that throws him into temporal free fall whenever he experiences a high-stress situation. Although Henry cannot control when he vanishes and to what time period he travels, he always lands at some point in his own life time—either his past, present, or future. And he almost always lands somewhere and somewhen near Clare.
Much of the novel focuses on how both Clare and Henry learn to live with his unusual condition. But its emotional center is their love story, which transcends all the complications of their lives.
11/22/63 by Stephen King
One of the most intriguing aspects of time travel literature is consideration of this question: What if someone could travel back in time and prevent some tragic disaster? This is the situation Jake Epping, a 35-year-old English teacher from Maine, encounters. Jake’s friend Al has discovered a portal back to 1958 in the rear of his diner. Al has been traveling back and forth, gathering information necessary to prevent the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
When Al’s failing health prevents him from finishing his mission, he recruits Jake to take up the cause. Using Al’s research, Jake settles into a life in 1958 Texas while planning to thwart Lee Harvey Oswald’s attack in Dallas. But like Si Morley in Time and Again, Jake discovers that life in another time period has potential complications. And even if Jake can stop the assassination, should he? What are the consequences of changing the past so drastically?
Kindred by Octavia E. Butler
In 1976 in California, Dana, an African American woman, is suddenly pulled through time and plunked down in pre-Civil War Maryland. She saves a drowning white boy, only to find herself staring down the barrel of a shotgun. Just as her life is about to end, she is pulled through time once again and deposited back into her present life. Dana experiences several more of these time-wrenching experiences, always landing in the life of the same young man.
Octavia E. Butler was the first black woman to write science fiction, and this is her best known and most often studied novel. Butler won both Hugo and Nebula awards and in 1995 became the first science fiction writer to receive a MacArthur Foundation Genius Award. This novel uses time travel as a trope for exploring questions of cultural history and social justice.
Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut
Billy Pilgrim has come unstuck in time.
Focusing on the World War II fire-bombing of Dresden, Kurt Vonnegut examines the meaning of history and of human existence in what has become one of the most famous anti-war literary works of all time. This novel considers war not only as a broad, abstract concept of history but also as a human experience that affects all the people it touches.
No description can possibly do this novel justice. You must read it. It’s short, but you’ll continue to think about it for the rest of your life.
© 2017 by Mary Daniels Brown


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From http://www.mutopiaproject.org The Fugue for String Quintet in D major, Op. 137, was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven. It was composed in 1817, and was the only work he completed for string quinte...
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- String Quintet, Violin, Viola, Viola Cello
- Op. 137

domain: artistic


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MANILA, Philippines – Amid high economic growth, the government remains vigilant against the appreciation of the peso, which is “threatening to erode our competitiveness.”
At a press conference on the Philippines’ third-quarter economic growth on Wednesday, November 28, Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Arsenio Balisacan told reporters the high gross domestic growth of 7.1% could also cause the peso to strengthen further against the US dollar.
This is something that the government is closely monitoring, he said.
“The slow recovery in the US economy continues to affect us negatively as their monetary authorities try to prop up their economy through quantitative easing. This, together with our strong macroeconomic fundamentals and good economic prospects, has resulted in the appreciation of our currency threatening to erode our competitiveness,” Balisacan said.
Balisacan said this is the reason why the government is keen on addressing the country’s infrastructure constraints.
“We have to be worried by the appreciation of the peso because it affects the lives of ordinary people, it affects employment,” Balisacan said. “But again, as the private sector invests in a massive way and the public sector gets traction in its infrastructure programs, that could help ease the appreciation of the peso.”
A strong peso, Balisacan explained, will:
- make Philippine-made products expensive abroad;
- erode the purchasing power of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) remittances;
- reduce exporters’ earnings;
- encourages the flow of hot money or investments in stocks and bonds; and
- threaten local firms’ earnings through cheaper imports.
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Deputy Director General Emmanuel Esguerra also said at the sidelines of the press conference on Wednesday that managing the risks brought about by a strong peso entails lowering interest rates.
But he said this may not be enough considering that Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas has already lowered policy rates thrice this year.
One other way that is being studied internally by the government, Esguerra said, is changing the composition of the country’s borrowings.
Esguerra said the Philippines’ current debt mix is at 80% domestic and 20% foreign. He said if the country’s local borrowing increases, there will be less demand for dollars moving forward.
“You borrow domestically, pay your foreign debts so the demand for dollars will [decline]. There are already discussions. At the moment its 80 [percent] local [borrowing] is not enough,” Esguerra explained.
Philexport President Sergio Ortiz-Luis told Rappler that there is no telling how many firms will be affected by the strong peso, which is now trading below 41 against the greenback.
Ortiz-Luis said many merchandise exporters are considering laying off workers or closing shops.
Some exporters who attended the Asian Development Bank forum on inclusive growth lamented their plight. Before 2008, exporters were getting paid in a matter of weeks after they ship their goods.
But after the crisis of 2009, exporters said they were now getting paid 30 to 60 days after they ship the orders. This has caused many of them to either close shop or increase their borrowings from the bank just to meet all their financial needs.
In the case of business process outsourcing firms, Ortiz-Luis said peso appreciation will not have an immediate impact since many of these firms have “adjustment clauses” in their contracts. He said however this arrangement may not hold forever and could send some of BPO clients looking elsewhere.
“If the peso hits a level of stronger than P42 to the dollar, they will close. But you cannot track all of them since many already closed during the crisis. Most of those who were affected were exporters of indigenous items,” Ortiz-Luis said.
In August this year, University of Asia and the Pacific economist Victor Abola said the government should allow the peso to depreciate by around 20 centavos every month until it reaches P50 to the dollar.
Abola said this is needed because he believes that the peso is overvalued by 20% to 30%. Export groups said this has caused half of the country’s small exporters to close shop. – Rappler.com

domain: news


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