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What Taxes Will States Turn To Next?Philip M. Zinn, 02.18.10, 12:00 PM EST
They've tackled the wealthy, corporations, tobacco and alcohol. Now some strapped states may be forced to confront tax system overhauls.
States faced record budget shortfalls in 2009, but wholesale changes to the state tax framework remained rare. Instead, states returned to some predictable measures: "sin taxes," tax increases on the wealthy, and corporate tax increases--both direct rate increases and indirect so-called "loophole closers." It's a formula seen in recessions past, and, unfortunately, one that has failed to spare the states painful cuts in services.
In 2010, with continued weakness in tax collections, over-optimistic revenue projections, and structural fiscal imbalances, states are likely to go to the well once again. This does not mean that they won't also look to chart a new course that involves fundamental overhauls of their tax systems. It just may take prolonged fiscal crises--beyond 2010--to get there.
Past is prologue.
In 2009 states looked to predictable sources for additional funds. States once again turned to sin taxes as a means of targeting what some may view as socially irresponsible behavior to both suppress the activity and raise revenues. This approach is paradoxical, since a decline in the activity being disproportionately taxed will reduce the anticipated revenue from these taxes in the short term and potentially negate the benefit to the state in the long term. Regardless, 2009 saw a continuation of increased levies on items such as tobacco (Rhode Island increased its tax by $1 per pack, up to a national high of $3.46), alcohol (including a 90% increase in the liquor tax in Illinois), and candy and soft drinks (consider, again, Illinois, which will now tax these items at the same rate as general merchandise, instead of the preferential rate for food).
Another common tactic of the states, despite plummeting individual income tax receipts, was to increase revenues through greater levies on high-income individuals (e.g., California, Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina and Wisconsin). These levies varied widely in terms of the rate of the increase and the definition of a "top" earner. For example, Connecticut's 1.5% increase applies to married taxpayers with taxable income over $1 million, while North Carolina's 3% "surtax" applies to married taxpayers with taxable income over $250,000. Such states are increasing their reliance on an unstable revenue source, which will further exacerbate budget difficulties during future economic slowdowns. For example, in New York City a significant percentage of the tax base comes from a small percentage of high-wage earners, many of whom work in the financial sector. Although those who work in this industry may represent a small percentage of the state's and city's overall population, when the financial industry took a downturn in 2009, the impact on the state's and city's coffers was great.
In addition to raising individual income tax rates, states have also looked broadly to increasing sales and use taxes (Massachusetts, for one, raised its general sales-and-use tax rate from 5% to 6.25%, effective Aug. 1, 2009).
Another trend, driven solely by state revenue needs and without regard for sound tax policy, is the acceleration of estimated tax payments and increased withholding. For example, California's main response to its FY 2010 budget gap in terms of tax law changes was to raise wage withholding requirements by 10% and to accelerate individual and corporate estimated tax payments. The net effect was to move additional funds into the 2010 fiscal year. Of course, shifting the estimated tax burden results in a one-time benefit that is irreversible until fiscal conditions permit a return to a more even weighting--and increased withholding is merely borrowing from taxpayers, resulting in over collections and subsequent refunds to the taxpayers.
States continue to use Internal Revenue Code nonconformity as a means to safeguard their income tax revenue streams from potential leakage resulting from federal changes. Common items for "decoupling" include a renewal--and extension--of bonus depreciation under IRC Sec. 168(k), expanded expensing under IRC Sec. 179, and deferral of certain discharge of indebtedness income under IRC Sec. 108(i). These changes were enacted in the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-185) and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-5). States also continue to enact variances from federal net operating loss treatment, a trend likely to accelerate with the allowance of a five-year net operating loss carryback election in the Worker, Homeownership and Business Assistance Act of 2009 (P.L. 111-92).


Rhys Williams/Sports Director
With a 10 a.m. start, at least to those of us in eastern standard time, the Panthers began what would go on to be their final game of the 2014 baseball season.
The Panthers, who lost their first game of the 2014 Conference USA Baseball tournament to the Owls of Rice University 9-2, ended the season with an elimination game loss to the Monarchs of Old Dominion University.
Behind right-handed pitcher Mike Franco, who was recently named first-team all CUSA, pitched the first 3.1 innings in the 3-2 loss.
Franco however, did not get the loss on the day. In his innings of work he gave up four hits, had five strike outs, and gave up two walks.
The loss was given to right-handed pitcher Albert Cardenas, who pitched for 1.2 innings. In those inning he allowed three hits, three runs – two of which were earned runs – and had a single strikeout and a single walk.
The lone home run of the day was by catcher Aramis Garcia, the CUSA Player of the year, who also had two hits, two RBI’s and a double.
The other run was scored by left fielder Zach Sweety.
If the Panthers do not get invited into the NCAA postseason tournament they will have finished off their season with a record of 36-20 (16-13 Regular Season CUSA, 0-2 Postseason CUSA).
Video Blog post done by Assistant Sports Director Patrick Chalvire.


|Publication number||US6925916 B2|
|Application number||US 10/132,299|
|Publication date||Aug 9, 2005|
|Filing date||Apr 26, 2002|
|Priority date||Mar 3, 2000|
|Also published as||US6418824, US20020112578, WO2001066320A1|
|Publication number||10132299, 132299, US 6925916 B2, US 6925916B2, US-B2-6925916, US6925916 B2, US6925916B2|
|Inventors||Terrence P. Duggins, Robert L. Hughes, Edward L. Schwarz|
|Original Assignee||Pcps Limited Partnership|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (33), Referenced by (3), Classifications (30), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The present application is a division of application Ser. No. 09/517,926, filed on Mar. 3, 2000, entitled TWO STAGE PUNCH PRESS ACTUATOR WITH OUTPUT DRIVE SHAFT POSITION SENSING, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,418,824, issued Jul. 16, 2002.
Punch or stamping presses are a staple of manufacturing operations for products formed from workpieces such as metal sheets, rods, bars, etc. With properly designed tooling sets, punch presses can be used for a variety of manufacturing process operations including cutting, forming, drawing, shaping, and assembling. Punch presses come in sizes ranging from a meter or less in height to several meters in height, and can develop force ranging from hundreds to many thousands of kilograms.
The structure of a punch press includes a frame with a table and with a drive rod or shaft mounted on the frame. Force applied to the rod causes the rod to translate toward and away from the table. The table supports a fixed half of the tooling set called a die. The drive rod carries at an end adjacent to the die, a movable half of the tooling set called a punch and designed to closely mate or engage with the die. Punch presses are designed so that tooling can be easily replaced. An actuator mounted on the frame applies a large amount of force to the drive rod during a power stroke to move the drive rod and the punch carried by it toward the table. During each power stroke the actuator drives the punch toward the die to mate with the fixed die, with a workpiece between the punch and die. As the actuator forces the punch and die together, cooperating patterns in the punch and die bend, cut, draw, thin, etc. the workpiece as desired to create the intended product. Some tooling sets are designed with a number of stations so that the workpiece may be shifted sequentially to each of the stations between pressing events to complete the product.
The tooling set is made from tool steel or other hard, durable material. The tooling set must have precision dimensions and its halves are designed to mate with great accuracy as well as to operate without failure for many cycles under the high forces generated by the press. In fact, tool making is itself a recognized craft, with those having such skill in great demand. A tooling set must be designed to be compatible with the press for which it is intended. Design considerations include the amount of force each pressing operation requires and the amount of force the press can develop. By designing the tooling set for compatibility with the press and workpiece, a wide variety of products can be produced efficiently and economically.
The actuator traditional press designs use includes a heavy flywheel mounted for rotation on the frame in combination with a mechanical linkage and a clutch to develop and convert flywheel momentum to force applied to the drive rod. An electrical motor spins the flywheel up to a design speed. After the flywheel is spinning at its design speed, the operator engages the clutch, transferring the flywheel momentum to the mechanical linkage. The mechanical linkage applies the flywheel momentum to the drive rod to force the die halves to mate. On continuing rotation of the flywheel the linkage engages the drive rod to lift the punch from the die, allowing the operator to remove the finished workpiece. It is also possible to provide for a spring which is compressed during the power stroke, to provide for returning the drive rod once the clutch disengages.
The following is well known, but is helpful to clearly define a number of terms which will be frequently used hereafter, and to explain the basics of hydraulic cylinder operation. We use the term “hydraulic cylinder” or more conveniently, “cylinder” here to mean a hydraulic device for converting a flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid to linear mechanical motion, or for converting linear mechanical motion to a flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid. A cylinder comprises a housing having internal walls defining a cylindrical bore essentially closed at one end and open at the other, and with a port in the closed end through which pressurized hydraulic fluid flows. A piston which fits closely to and slides within the bore, defines a cylindrical pressure chamber between itself and the closed end of the bore. The pressure chamber is completely filled with hydraulic fluid. The volume of both the pressure chamber and the hydraulic fluid within the chamber changes as the piston slides within the bore. A piston rod is attached to the piston to transfer force between the piston and an external machine. When a cylinder operates in power mode, pressurized hydraulic fluid is forced into the pressure chamber through the port during a power stroke. During a power stroke, the piston slides linearly from a retracted to an extended position as pressurized hydraulic fluid flows into the chamber. A hydraulic pump of some kind provides the pressurized hydraulic fluid to the chamber.
Newer punch press designs use a hydraulic cylinder as the actuator, and the invention here forms an improvement to these hydraulic presses. The pump which supplies hydraulic fluid to the cylinder is attached to the frame along with the valves and other components of the hydraulic actuator system. Often the pump comprises a hydraulic cylinder operating in pump as opposed to force mode. The pump can draw its energy to operate from a compressed air source.
Of course, some mechanism must be provided for a hydraulic press to restore the piston to its retracted position after a power stroke. For hydraulic actuators, pneumatic or hydraulic pressure applied to the piston on the side opposite the pressure chamber can be used to force the piston to its retracted position. A spring can also be used to provide the retraction force.
In some designs the hydraulic “pump” for a hydraulic press's actuator comprises a so-called air over oil cylinder. An air over oil (AOO) cylinder has a piston which has a compressed air pressure chamber on one end and a hydraulic pressure chamber on the other end. High pressure air entering the air chamber drives the piston to force hydraulic fluid out of the hydraulic chamber and into the actuator hydraulic cylinder. By changing diameters of the pistons appropriately, the force provided by the compressed air can be greatly increased at the output of the hydraulic cylinder. An AOO cylinder-type hydraulic pump provides a moderate amount of high pressure hydraulic fluid inexpensively and with easily controlled pressure.
We find that traditional mechanical actuators have a number of problems in their operation. Among the problems are double strikes, faulty tool alignment, and operator risk. Double strikes for a mechanical press arise when a clutch improperly or unexpectedly applies force to the drive rod to mate the punch with the die without deliberately engaging the clutch. Typically, double strikes occur as the result of wearing or faulty adjustment of the clutch parts. Punch press clutches transfer large amounts of force and operate in dirty and otherwise hostile environments, so it is not surprising that the clutch mechanisms deteriorate with time. In the best of situations, proper maintenance prevents this deterioration, but in the real world proper maintenance does not always occur. And of course unseen and catastrophic failure of critical parts can also lead to double strikes.
Double strikes have the potential to be dangerous. If the operator's hand is between the punch and die for the purpose of removing the finished workpiece from the die, a double strike may smash the hand with obvious potential for serious injury. A less harmful scenario finds the operator's hand safely out of the danger zone but with the workpiece only partially removed or inserted. A double strike in this situation of course spoils the finished workpiece or workpiece blank, and may even damage the tooling.
Faulty tool alignment is a situation where the punch and die do not properly align. This usually also arises from wear or poor maintenance. The result is potentially to damage or even destroy the punch or die, or perhaps to damage the workpiece. Tooling under high loads has even been known to shatter causing broken parts to strike the operator. Even if there is no injury, the damage or destruction of a tooling set is quite enough harm to justify avoidance.
Operator risk occurs of course in the double strike situation as already mentioned. But even during normal operation, it is possible for an operator to carelessly leave her hand in the danger zone. Further, mechanical presses are extremely noisy, which has the potential for hearing damage to the operator. Ear protection reduces this possibility of harm, but makes it more difficult to speak to the operator, which has its own safety problems of course.
Hydraulic actuators have a number of advantages over mechanical actuators. First of all, there are fewer double strikes because the hydraulic and compressed air subsystems tend to deteriorate more slowly and less catastrophically. For example, a compressed air valve may fail by slowly leaking, which conceivably will give an operator time to shut down the press or at least remove her hand from the danger zone. However, the basic hydraulic actuator design does not absolutely preclude double strikes. For example, a malfunctioning compressed air valve can cause a double strike. Nor does a hydraulic actuator deal either with an operator's hand in the danger zone during normal operation, or with tool misalignment.
As to noise, the hydraulic press appears to be much more acceptable than the mechanical press. A hydraulic actuator is much quieter because the high force impact of a clutch arm striking a force-transferring surface on the drive rod is eliminated.
So the present state of the art is that hydraulic cylinder type actuators provide large forces inexpensively and somewhat more safely than mechanical actuators. For this reason they are becoming quite popular for presses. However, they (and mechanical actuators as well) still have significant disadvantages. The enormous forces which these presses apply to the workpiece have the potential to cause serious operator injury. A number of safety features have been devised to prevent operator injury. While these are usually effective, they tend to slow down production, are not always effective, or can even be defeated by careless or rushed operators. Accordingly, it is fair to say that presently available designs do not completely resolve punch press safety issues.
We have invented an improvement to punch presses and other devices such as power operated clamps, which dramatically reduces the potential for injury or damage. Instead of trying to prevent the operator from placing himself within the zone of harm, we have devised a way to detect the presence of unexpected resistance or obstruction during an approach phase of the power stroke. When this unusual resistance or obstruction is detected, the press is prevented from completing the power stroke.
In its broadest embodiment, the invention forms a part of a press having a frame and a table mounted on the frame for supporting a die on which a workpiece is to be placed for forming. An actuator assembly carried on the frame includes a drive rod mounted to slide between a retracted position spaced from the table and an extended position spaced adjacent to the table. While the drive rod slides toward the extended position the drive rod applies force to a punch to press the punch against the workpiece and die to complete the forming operation. The actuator assembly comprises an actuator element having a low force mode of operation responsive to a start signal during which the actuator element applies low force to the drive rod. The actuator element also has a high force mode of operation responsive to a continue signal during which the actuator element applies high force to the drive rod. A position sensor is in operative connection to the drive rod, and provides the continue signal responsive to the drive rod achieving a preselected spacing from the table intermediate between the retracted and extended positions of the drive rod.
We implement our preferred version of the invention in a press having a conventional frame and a table mounted on the frame for supporting a workpiece. A hydraulic actuator is mounted on the frame for carrying and applying force to the punch. The actuator preferably comprises a hydraulic cylinder including an actuator piston sliding within an actuator bore, and an actuator piston rod attached to and projecting or extending from the actuator piston toward the table. The piston rod has an end for transferring force from the actuator piston to the punch and the workpiece. The actuator piston defines between itself and an end of the actuator bore an actuator pressure chamber. A fluid port in flow communication with the actuator pressure chamber allows pressurized hydraulic fluid to enter the pressure chamber. Pressure applied by pressurized fluid to the actuator piston causes the piston to slide between a retracted position with the piston rod end retracted from the table and an extended position with the piston rod end adjacent to the table.
A first fluid source supplies relatively low pressure fluid to the actuator's fluid port responsive to a start signal. A variety of devices such as conventional pumps and hydraulic cylinders can function as the first fluid source. In one preferred embodiment, a first hydraulic cylinder operated by compressed air serves as the first fluid source to provide the low pressure fluid. In this arrangement, selecting the cross section area of the piston in the first cylinder and adjusting the air pressure provided to the first cylinder controls the pressure of the fluid provided to the actuator cylinder.
The position sensor is operatively connected to the actuator piston rod end. The sensor provides the continue signal responsive to the actuator piston rod end achieving a preselected spacing from the table intermediate between the retracted and adjacent positions of the piston rod end. This spacing should be chosen to for the most part eliminate the existence of various types of obstructions to or resistance to the normal movement of the piston rod and the punch carried on it. The force generated by the low pressure hydraulic fluid during the first phase of piston rod movement must be great enough to reliably move the piston rod end toward the table and should be low enough to avoid serious injury or damage to any obstruction resisting movement of the punch during the first phase.
A second fluid source supplies relatively high pressure fluid to the actuator's fluid port responsive to the continue signal. One can see that the second fluid source does not supply high pressure fluid to the actuator fluid port unless the actuator piston rod end has reached the intermediate position. The ability of the rod end to reach this position strongly suggests that there is no obstruction or interference to the movement of the rod end.
The sensor can sense the position of the piston rod end in a variety of ways. The position of the piston rod end can be directly detected. It is also possible to detect the rod end position less directly, for example by measuring the position of the actuator piston. Our preferred first fluid source allows a different mechanism still for detecting position of the actuator piston rod end. This preferred first fluid source is a first hydraulic cylinder having a first piston sliding within a first bore and to which force is applied to pressurize fluid in the first cylinder's pressure chamber. This fluid is provided to the actuator fluid port and pressure chamber to create force on the actuator piston.
We have found there is a predictable and repeatable relationship between the positions of the first piston and the actuator piston. The change in volume of the first cylinder's pressure chamber as the first piston slides between preselected retracted and extended positions within the first bore exactly equals the change caused thereby in the volume of the actuator's pressure chamber. By coordinating the dimensions of the first cylinder and the actuator cylinder, the movement of the first piston between its retracted and extended positions can cause the actuator piston to shift from its retracted position to precisely its intermediate position.
We attach to the first piston a first shaft aligned with the movement of the first piston and projecting from the first bore. The first shaft moves with the first piston and reliably indicates position of the first piston. The sensor in this arrangement comprises a switch having a control arm in contact with the first shaft. The switch has a first conductive state responsive to a first position of the control arm, and a second conductive state responsive to a second position of the control arm. The control arm has the first position when the first piston is between its retracted and extended positions, and the second position when the first piston is at the extended position. The switch conducts the continue signal provided by an external source while in its second conductive state. If an obstruction prevents the first piston from reaching the extended position, the switch will not reach its second conductive state, and therefore the second, high force phase of the power stroke does not occur.
While our presently preferred embodiment uses hydraulic actuation, it is possible that mechanical, pneumatic, or even electrical actuation can be adapted to incorporate the method of our invention. Such an improved method is for operating a press apparatus having a frame and a table mounted on the frame for supporting a die of a tooling set on which may be placed a workpiece. A drive rod is mounted on the frame to move toward and away from the table between retracted and extended positions respectively. The drive rod has an end adjacent to the table for carrying a punch of a tooling set. The drive rod transfers force to the punch. This improved method comprises a first step of providing relatively low force to the drive rod responsive to a start signal. This low force urges the drive rod toward the table. The press apparatus senses position of the drive rod while the drive rod is receiving the low force and moving toward the table. The press apparatus provides a continue signal responsive to the drive rod achieving a preselected position between its retracted and extended positions. In responsive to the continue signal the press apparatus supplies relatively high force to the drive rod. This high force step completes the press operation and forms the workpiece according to the pattern in the tooling set.
An obstruction will prevent the drive rod from reaching the preselected position, which results in no continue signal occurring. If no continue signal occurs, the high force step will not occur. This prevents harm or injury arising from the presence of the obstruction.
The invention as shown in
The force applied to punch 14 is provided by cylinder 16 as it receives pressurized fluid at port 26 from pipe or line 45. As a matter of notation or display, dashed lines such as line 45 denote hydraulic lines or pipes. Dotted lines shown in other Figs. denote pneumatic or compressed air lines or pipes. Readers should also note that the press shown in
A single operating cycle or power stroke in our invention comprises two distinct phases, a low force first phase in which low pressure hydraulic fluid is provided at port 26 until punch 14 reaches what we call an intermediate position, and a second, high force phase where high pressure hydraulic fluid is applied to port 26. The second phase is not permitted to start until the first phase has completed successfully.
Low pressure hydraulic fluid is provided on line 48 to a valve 38 by a hydraulic fluid source we call a low force actuator advance mechanism 33, and which comprises another part of the actuator assembly. In many but not all cases advance mechanism 33 will comprise a low pressure pump. High pressure hydraulic fluid is provided by a high pressure hydraulic pump or fluid source 35 which comprises another part of the actuator assembly. High pressure fluid flows through line 47 to a valve 42 similar to valve 38. Advance mechanism 33 and pump 35 can have a variety of structures. Where either provides positive pressure hydraulic fluid there are rotary pumps capable of providing fluid of adequate pressure. But for the relatively small amount of pressurized fluid which operates cylinder 16, it is more efficient to use as a pump, a separate cylinder operating in a pump mode and to whose piston force is applied. A bicycle tire pump is an example of this type of pump. It is even possible to have a single high pressure pump which functions as both advance mechanism 33 and pump 35, and whose high fluid pressure is dropped by a throttling valve of some type to provide the low pressure fluid on path 48.
Valves 38 and 42 are operated in a way allowing the apparatus of
A position sensor 25 is operatively connected to punch 14 and the end of rod 23 to detect the position of punch 14 relative to die 15. When piston 19 reaches a preselected position within bore 22, sensor 25 provides a continue signal on path 40. The preselected position of piston 19 corresponds to a preselected intermediate position of punch 14 relative to die 15. In
As mentioned above, the apparatus of
With the apparatus of
The pressure of the hydraulic fluid provided by mechanism 33 must be great enough to assure that during normal situations, the force applied to piston 19 is sufficient to cause punch 14 to approach workpiece 27 and achieve the intermediate position. Further, the force should be low enough to prevent any serious injury or damage should there be an obstruction, perhaps a relatively fragile obstruction such as a finger, between punch 14 and die 15. The pressure of the hydraulic fluid in line 48 should result in a total force advancing punch 14 in the approximate range of 50-100 lb. or 25-50 kg. This amount of force is adequate in most cases to overcome the friction in the system and move the piston 19 and punch 14 to the intermediate position, and yet not cause serious damage or injury to an obstruction such as a finger or misaligned die 15 or punch 14. A 75 lb. (34 kg.) force applied by piston 19 is roughly equivalent to having one's finger stepped on, definitely uncomfortable but not likely to cause any serious injury. If the obstruction between the punch 14 and die 15 is the operator's finger for example, the finger gets no more than a painful pinch, rather than being severed or crushed.
The majority of the force for advancing a punch 14 having low mass will be provided by low pressure hydraulic fluid from mechanism 33. When dealing with larger presses and heavier punches however, the weight of punch 14 may become significant in calculating the total force present during the approach phase. In these systems, the weight of punch 14 alone may generate force sufficient to cause punch 14 to move toward the intermediate position without any pressurized hydraulic fluid from mechanism 33, in which case mechanism 33 need not pressurize fluid in line 48. In fact, it is entirely possible for a very heavy punch 14 that mechanism 33 will have to operate in what we will call negative pressure mode to retard or oppose the punch-weight generated force with which punch 14 approaches die 15. We include both negative pressure devices such as throttling valves and positive pressure pumps within the definition of mechanism 33 for generally describing our invention. When operating in negative pressure mode, mechanism 33 must maintain an appropriate constant negative pressure so as to limit force buildup on an obstruction which may be present. As a general rule, we prefer punch 14 to approach die 15 with as little force and speed as is needed to allow for reliable and suitably rapid and efficient operation.
Where the combined weight of punch 33, rod 23 and piston 19 is so great that the resultant force urges punch 14 toward die 15 with excessive force, mechanism 33 can comprise a throttling valve. A throttling valve reduces the pressure of fluid flowing through it and meters the rate at which the fluid flows through it. Thus, a throttling valve serving as mechanism 33 provides reduced pressure fluid to the actuator's fluid port. This reduced pressure fluid applies force to the actuator piston opposing the weight carried by the actuator piston, thereby reducing the total force applied by punch 14 to any obstruction which might be present between punch 14 and die 15.
On this point, it is usually preferable to move punch 14 rapidly during the approach phase so that time is not wasted, which would lengthen the entire operating cycle and reduce the production capacity of the press. Heavy punches 14 however, may require a slower approach speed to avoid injury or damage to an obstruction resulting simply from the substantial momentum inherent in a rapidly moving heavy mass. But in most cases, the approach phase is a small percentage of the entire time for a complete press cycle including loading and unloading the workpiece from die 15. Slowing the speed of the approach phase by even 50-75% will not usually create an unacceptable delay. And we recommend skillful tooling design which may sometimes allow shifting of some of the mass from punch 14 to die 15, reducing punch 14 momentum during the approach phase.
Another important parameter for realizing the safe operation of which our press system is capable, is selecting the intermediate position for punch 14 (at which the continue signal issues). The space or gap between punch 14 and die 15 when sensor 25 provides the continue signal should be small enough so that most or all of any potential obstructions prevent piston 19 from moving punch 14 to the intermediate position. In most cases, we feel that 0.25 in. or 1 cm. is a suitable gap between punch 14 and die 15 to define the intermediate position of piston 19. This gap will cause almost any finger trapped between punch 14 and die 15 to prevent punch 14 from reaching its intermediate position, and thus will prevent from occurring, the high force phase which can cause serious injury.
One problem which may on occasion arise when practicing this invention, is dealing with a workpiece 27 which is so thick that when punch 14 is resting on workpiece 27, the gap between punch 14 and die 15 is wide enough to allow a finger to intrude. Creative use of skirting forming a part of the punch 14 or die 15, or even a dense foam band around the periphery of punch 14 or die 15 which is intended to contact an obstruction, may operate to stop punch 14 before it reaches its intermediate position.
Power for operating the system of
Compressed air is provided from a high pressure air source 85 typically not mounted on frame 10. Output pressure of source 85 may be in the range of 100-300 psi. or 7 to 21 kg./cm.2. Flow of compressed air to the press system is controlled by an air valve 88 receiving a control signal on path 87. For powering cylinder 33′, high pressure compressed air has its pressure reduced to perhaps 30-100 psi. (2-7 kg./cm.2) through a throttling valve 90 which supplies an air line 91. Air over hydraulic cylinder 33′ is typical in having two pressure chambers, a pneumatic chamber 55 into which compressed air flows, and a hydraulic chamber 58 which provides pressurized hydraulic fluid, in the case of cylinder 33′, at relatively low pressure. Compressed air flows from throttling valve 90 through line 91 into chamber 55 where it applies force to a piston 57 mounted for sliding within cylindrical bore 59. As piston 57 is forced by air pressure within chamber 55 to move down and reduce the volume of chamber 58, low pressure hydraulic fluid flows through line 62 to a port 64 of cylinder 35's pressure chamber 71.
High pressure hydraulic fluid is provided by a compound air over hydraulic cylinder 35′ having a pneumatic pressure chamber 80 and a hydraulic pressure chamber 71. Compressed air is provided on line 83 to chamber 80. Compressed air piston 77 slides within wall 75 and provides force to connecting rod 74 as the compressed air in chamber 80 exerts force on piston 77. Cylinder 35′ is called compound because force generated by a large diameter pneumatic piston 77 is applied to a small diameter hydraulic piston 67. Piston 67 slides within cylinder wall 69 with the force provided by piston 77 pressurizing hydraulic fluid within chamber 71. Compressed air is provided typically at higher pressure to chamber 80 than to chamber 55, perhaps at line pressure as shown in
One important feature of the
We also use a novel mechanism to sense the instant when punch 14 reaches the intermediate position. There is a precise relationship between the position of piston 57 and the position of piston 19 during the approach or low force phase of an operating cycle. We find it convenient as well as extremely accurate to sense position of piston 19 by sensing position of piston 57. While we show the sensing and control elements as pneumatic, electrical control is equally suitable. To provide the required control function, a sensing shaft 52 attached to the pneumatic side of piston 57 projects from the end 56 of cylinder 33′. A pneumatic valve or switch 92 receives high pressure compressed air from line 89 and when conducting or open, allowing compressed air to flow to line 83. Valve 92 has a control arm 94 which rides on or otherwise senses the presence of a preselected feature of shaft 52, the shaft end in this embodiment. With shaft 52 in the position shown in
Accurate measurement of punch 14 position requires a constant volume of hydraulic fluid in the system comprising compression chambers 58, 71, and 28. Since a certain amount of hydraulic fluid tends to leak from the system during use, a reservoir 50 is provided from which replacement fluid flows through a check valve 48 between operating cycles to keep the system completely filled.
An operating cycle starts with the system in its ready state as shown in
After the second, high force phase of the operating cycle is complete, the reset phase begins. As mentioned above, this is relatively well known. A simple mechanism for the reset function is providing compressed air to lines 36 and 37 to force pistons 19 and 77 to the retracted positions shown in FIG. 2. We find that it is possible to restore piston 57 to its retracted position as well by continuing compressed air flow in line 37 after piston 77 has reached its retracted position where port 64 is uncovered.
Should punch 14 encounter an obstruction during an approach phase, the low force producing motion of punch 14 causes advance of punch 14 to stop, and before the intermediate position has been reached. The system essentially halts, frozen in that position. In this simplified position, the operator will have to remove the START signal from control path 87. This closes valve 88 and removes power from cylinders 33′ and 35′. At this point the operator will be able to safely remove the obstruction whatever it is. Of course, inserting anything other than workpiece 27 in the space between punch 14 and die 15 is risky, and should not be done.
Another feature of this invention shown in
It is possible to mount strip 31 on the die 15 as well as on punch 14. Functionally, both arrangements should be equivalent.
Should a finger or hand 29 be in the space between punch 14 and die 15, at the start of an operating cycle, the approach phase will bring strip 31 into contact with the finger or hand 29 before punch 14 reaches its intermediate position. Strip 31 should have sufficient stiffness or density when pressing against a finger or hand to resist further motion of punch 14 and prevent punch 14 from reaching its intermediate position. High density foam or soft rubber such as that used in pencil erasers will often be suitable. Specifically, the material comprising strip 31 may preferably be of the type which will deflect approximately 0.01 to 0.1 in. (0.25 to 2.5 mm.) when pressing against 0.1 in.2 of an obstruction surface with 50 lb. force. The important factor in this selection is to avoid serious injury to a finger or hand and yet be able to easily resist movement of punch 14 during the first phase of the operating cycle with little compression of the strip material.
In order to prevent substantial changes in the height dimension of a strip 31 during normal operation, a slot or groove 32 may be provided in die 15 with which strip 31 mates during the high power phase. Strip 31 will deflect slightly when encountering an obstruction but will still provide adequate resistance to further advancing of punch 14. Most importantly, the pressure which is applied to a finger caught between the die 15 and strip 31 by even, say 100 lb. of force advancing punch 14, will not cause serious injury.
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|US2821251 *||Nov 10, 1954||Jan 28, 1958||Western Electric Co||Safety device for checking the correct position of stock in a punch and die|
|US3186173 *||Sep 15, 1960||Jun 1, 1965||American Mach & Foundry||Variable pressure hydraulic system|
|US3786976||Jun 21, 1972||Jan 22, 1974||Murphy P||Sensor system for automatic tooling|
|US3951025||Sep 17, 1974||Apr 20, 1976||Eastman Kodak Company||Overload safety device|
|US4116122||Oct 11, 1977||Sep 26, 1978||Osterwalder Ag||Hydraulic driven press|
|US4166415||Apr 21, 1978||Sep 4, 1979||Gulf & Western Manufacturing Company||Press having overload responsive slide shut height adjusting mechanism|
|US4426177||Aug 31, 1981||Jan 17, 1984||Invo Spline, Inc.||Automatic fault detection system for a machine tool|
|US4466317||Aug 12, 1982||Aug 21, 1984||Amada Company Limited||Method and apparatus for safety for presses|
|US4484119||Jun 28, 1983||Nov 20, 1984||At&T Technologies, Inc.||Fail-safe machine control system|
|US4696227 *||May 16, 1986||Sep 29, 1987||Buskirk W Jeffrey Van||Press for compacting small scale objects|
|US4823658||Oct 20, 1986||Apr 25, 1989||Spicer Andrew I||Punch presses|
|US4844114 *||Dec 18, 1987||Jul 4, 1989||Contractor Tool And Equipment Textron Inc.||Pressure-drop sensor valve|
|US4864914 *||Jun 1, 1988||Sep 12, 1989||Stewart & Stevenson Services,Inc.||Blowout preventer booster and method|
|US4977804||Feb 3, 1989||Dec 18, 1990||Amada Company, Limited||Punch press|
|US4982638 *||Feb 17, 1989||Jan 8, 1991||Fried. Krupp Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung||Pneumatically operated cutting device|
|US5038598 *||Sep 7, 1990||Aug 13, 1991||Gene Pitzer||Method and apparatus for performing secondary operations in a press|
|US5042336||Mar 3, 1989||Aug 27, 1991||Capps David F||Control apparatus and method for progressive fracture of workpieces|
|US5303641 *||Oct 22, 1992||Apr 19, 1994||Gallandere Jean Pierre||Method for checking the driving and control system of hydraulic punch brakes|
|US5588344||Jun 13, 1994||Dec 31, 1996||Murata Machinery, Ltd.||Electric servo motor punch press ram drive|
|US5706711||Sep 6, 1995||Jan 13, 1998||Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha||Punch drive control apparatus|
|US5931070||Feb 27, 1997||Aug 3, 1999||Fanuc., Ltd.||Punch press system and its control method|
|US5983761||Jul 22, 1997||Nov 16, 1999||Sony Corporation||Method of punching template for forming a base plate of a tape cassette|
|US6000311||Jan 31, 1997||Dec 14, 1999||Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba||Cutting valve|
|US6012370||Aug 5, 1997||Jan 11, 2000||Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha||Toggle type punch driving system|
|US6041683 *||Jul 16, 1996||Mar 28, 2000||Plustech Oy||System for adjusting the rotation speed of a cross-cutting saw of a tree handling machine, especially grapple harvester|
|US6125834||Jan 25, 1999||Oct 3, 2000||Brookhaven Science Associates||Free-piston cutting machine|
|US6128987||Feb 19, 1998||Oct 10, 2000||Aida Engineering Co., Ltd.||Hydraulic press for forming metal plates|
|US6279370 *||Feb 3, 2000||Aug 28, 2001||Stromsholmen Ab||Hydraulic arrangement for performing a secondary operation in a pressing tool for sheet metal forming|
|JPH05104298A *||Title not available|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US8640582 *||Jan 8, 2009||Feb 4, 2014||Seiko Epson Corporation||Method for manufacturing flexible substrate and flexible substrate punching device|
|US8714081||Jun 24, 2009||May 6, 2014||Sonics & Materials Inc||Press for ultrasonic welding device|
|US20090178522 *||Jul 16, 2009||Seiko Epson Corporation||Method for manufacturing flexible substrate and flexible substrate punching device|
|U.S. Classification||83/13, 83/639.5, 83/DIG.1, 83/76.7, 83/543, 83/684|
|International Classification||B30B15/28, B21D28/00, B21D28/20, B30B15/16|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10T83/886, Y10T83/8735, Y10T83/8858, Y10T83/9423, Y10T83/8864, Y10T83/04, Y10T83/175, Y10T83/8719, Y10T83/089, Y10S83/01, B21D28/002, B30B15/161, B30B15/281, B21D28/20, B30B15/285|
|European Classification||B21D28/00B, B30B15/28C, B30B15/16B, B21D28/20, B30B15/28B|
|Feb 6, 2009||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 16, 2009||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Mar 25, 2013||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|Aug 8, 2013||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 8, 2013||SULP||Surcharge for late payment|
Year of fee payment: 7


You've earned your stripes with this vintage wash graphic tee. It's soft, worn-in feel will have you wearing it day and night.
- Stretch Knit Fabric
- 50% Polyester, 37% Cotton, 13% Rayon
- Machine Wash Cold, Tumble Dry Low
Size & Fit
Fit: This garment runs small.
Length: Size small measures 21 inches back length.
Bust: Size small measures 30 inches.
Wearing size: Small


text:
NEW SUSTAINABILITY REPORT FROM BAKKAFROST
Bakkafrost has underlined the growing importance to the UK market of its expanding salmon farming operation, the largest in the Faroe Islands, with the publication of a two year plan which addresses important sustainability issues.
Against a background of very high (96%) customer satisfaction, the employment of more than 1,100 people on the islands and the successful roll out of cleaner fish its salmon farms, Bakkafrost has opened one of the most modern processing plants in the world.
The company has now announced plans for a new biogas plant, using waste products from fish and dairy farming, to produce energy and fertiliser, thus further enabling the implementation of a sustainable feed policy.
Bakkafrost produced almost 700,000 salmon meals, fillets and portions a day for the UK and other global markets in 2017 an is currently growing its market share worldwide.
“Operating in a small country like the Faroe Islands restricts growth so it is important for us to be as efficient and sustainable as possible and to continually innovate,” said Torkil Davidsen, head of UK operations.
He added that through 2018 the company would be looking for additional customers for its unique breed of salmon, which are high in Omega-3, whilst starting production of exciting new salmon fresh fillets and portions.
The full report is available on the internet at: www.bakkafrost.com/sustainability

domain: news


text:
Das Fiesta-Online Wiki ist eine deutschsprachige Wissenssammlung zu allem rund um das MMORPG Fiesta-Online. Jeder von euch kann uns helfen, dieses. Fiesta Online ist ein einzigartiges free to play anime MMORPG, welcher von einer sehr aktiven und freundlichen Community gespielt wird. Fiesta Online: Das kostenlose 3D Anime MMORPG - Erlebe unglaubliche Abenteuer & Quests in einer Welt voller Mythen und Sagen. -> Jetzt kostenlos spielen!
Please Enable CookiesFiesta Online is a unique free to play anime MMORPG played by an active and friendly community. In a magical and colorful world, players assume the role of a. Fiesta ist ein MMORPG, das von der gamigo AG veröffentlicht und gehostet wird. Fiesta bietet Charaktere im Anime-Stil, die in 3D gerendert wurden. Fiesta Online wurde ursprünglich im Jahr veröffentlicht, später jedoch von Outspark. Fiesta Online DE, Hamburg. Gefällt Mal. Webseite: greatesturls.comcom/de/.
Fiesta Mmo Game Categories: VideoFiesta Online Review - Is Fiesta Online Worth Your Time in 2020? 8/19/ · Fiesta Online is a free-to-play MMORPG. It utilizes a basic, traditional form of tab-target that was prevalent in Anime MMOs back in the s, providing players a limited selection of abilities, although each class definitely still felt unique. 3/21/ · Description: Fiesta Online (or just Fiesta for short) is a 3D fantasy MMORPG. The game has cute, cell-shaded, anime inspired graphics and lively music. The game's entire world is vibrant and has an upbeat atmosphere.3/5(64). 8/30/ · The fiesta is an important national pastime for the people of South Korea, so it is no surprise that a MMO would be created in it's honor. Fiesta combines all the well known symbols of it's namesake into a unique experience packed full of androgenous sexes, mushroom houses, and anime dragons. In a group they usually fight beside the Fighter and deal lots of melee damage. Artwork Lustige Gesetze In Deutschland the Month 80 We proudly announce the winner: Rocky. In a group Mages can contain large groups of enemies and deal lots of damage to them. Published by gamigo AG.
They are proficient with both one-handed and two-handed weapons. Mage — Mages are the traditional offensive spell casting class in Fiesta.
They can do a great deal of damage from a distance with their magic, but are extremely vulnerable in melee range.
They have low hit points and minimal defensive capabilities. Cleric — Clerics are experts at supporting party members in combat. They have a variety of healing and buff skills which make them incredibly valuable to a party.
Archer — Archers are deadly with the bow. They are fast and agile which allows them to deal damage rather quickly from a distance, but are vulnerable in melee combat.
Trickster — A dual-wielding class that is capable of dealing large amounts of damage in short bursts. They are melee oriented and have decent HP.
Fiesta is easy to get into, with plenty for players to do in both PvE and PvP. The gamigo group announced that several of their games are getting spooky over the course of the Halloween season!
Fiesta Online Private Servers Search and find the best Fiesta Online private servers ranked by votes, version, type using our top list and vote for your favourite.
Fiesta Reborn. Nebula Fiesta. Rewind Online. Xavi Online. Core Fiesta. Imperium Online. Outspark Revival Files.
Revonia Fiesta. Dungeon Hunters Fallen Online. Alchemy Learn professions to create equipment upgrades, items, scrolls and potions. In-Game Weddings Get married in a special wedding chapel and invite up to 30 of your friends!
Estate System Purchase and decorate your own Estate and invite up to 15 guests to visit your new home.
Search the site: Search facebook twitter youtube twitch discord Dark or Light Theme toggle. Average User Rating 73 Votes.

domain: game


text: Dobble is a speedy observation card game where players race to match the identical symbol between cards. Reliant on a sharp eye and quick reflexes, Dobble creates excitement for children and adults alike while keeping every player involved in the action. Now you can match your favourite characters from Cars in Cars Dobble! Cars Dobble is a series of 5 quickness-based mini-games in which all players play at the same time. You can play the mini-games in a specific order, randomly, or you can keep playing the same one over and over. The only important thing is to have fun!


Out with the Old and In with the New
For the tigers, it's all about the "new." Out with the old, and in with the new. In fact so much new that Missouri swimming and diving coach Brian Hoffer jokingly says he feels out of place.
"It feels like I'm at a new school, it feels like I'm at a new place, that, even though I'm at Missouri, you know, I live in the same house...It's a totally different job," Hoffer says.
But that general new feeling isn't just because his team has a new home in the Missouri aquatic center. Of the 57-student-athletes on his roster, an astounding 25 of them are freshmen.
"We've kind of transplanted our roots and put it into this new facility with a bunch of swimmers that are going to be able to take this program to the next level," Senior team captain David Darmitzel says.
With the youth movement propelling both the men's and women's teams to national rankings, that next level seems closer than ever.
"We're allowing them to compete, and they're allowing us to be good. And I told them that in the recruiting process, that don't expect to come here and sit on the bench. You're going to be in there swimming and diving, and they are, and they're a big part of why we've improved," Hoffer says.
And coming in knowing they'd have to make a difference right away benefits them now, and makes the future look even brighter.
"I came in here knowing that I'm going to have to make a big difference for myself, you know, if I want to help this team out. And i think I'm going in the right direction, helping everyone out. You know, pushing myself, and that pushes everyone else," freshman Jake Hoffman says.
"With this freshman class and 25 new people, we have a lot of amazing swimmers coming into the team and a lot of amazing swimmers that we're planning on to have next year. I think in the next couple of years we could become one of the top teams in the nation," freshman Lori Halvorson says.
With the additions of 25 swimmers and the aquatic center, anything's possible for the new-look tigers. The tigers get in the water for the 3-day Purdue Invite on the weekend of November 18.


text:
Who was Ethan Allen? Why is he a famous Vermonter?
Ethan Allen was born in Litchfield, Connecticut in 1738. He bought land in the New Hampshire Grants in 1770. Allen and his cousin Remember Baker started the "Green Mountain Boys" to protect their land. Other settlers, called Yorkers, bought the same land from New York. The Green Mountain Boys and the Yorkers disagreed over who owned the land. In 1777, this land became Vermont.
In 1775, Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, and the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga from British soldiers. Later that year, Allen tried to attack Montreal but was captured by British soldiers. He was held on a prison ship for three years during the Revolutionary War.
Ethan Allen and his family moved to Burlington in 1787. They farmed land along the Winooski River. Ethan Allen died in 1789.
Thinking about History
Ethan Allen fought against people he disagreed with. Was he a hero? Or a bully?
What would you do if someone tried to take land that you bought?
|Who is the real Ethan Allen?|
|The Legendary Ethan Allen (PDF)|
|Ethan Allen: Vermont Hero (PDF)|
|Is this his stuff? (Freedom & Unity link)|
|Ethan Allen Timeline (Freedom & Unity link)|

domain: history


text:
2021 Psychological and Brain Sciences Newsletter
Message from the Chair
Alumni Class Notes
Message from the Chair
Greetings to all our alumni from the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences! I am pleased to report that after an unusual year of remote teaching and learning, we are back on campus and once again enjoying the benefits of in-person engagement and collaboration.
Over this past year, our department has made tremendous strides and had many accomplishments. We are excited to now offer three undergraduate degrees: a BA in psychological and brain sciences, a BS in psychological and brain sciences and a BS in cognitive neuroscience. I am also proud to share that two of GW’s three top faculty honors for the last academic year went to faculty in our department. Additionally, since last year’s newsletter, our faculty have been awarded 11 new grants totaling $2.5 million and have published 72 peer-reviewed journal articles.
This spring, we held a virtual gathering to honor donors and friends of the Richard David Walk Scholar’s Fund and to celebrate the graduate students who received dissertation support from the fund. The Psi Chi National Psychology Honor Society also flourished virtually last year, and inducted the most members ever in its history.
As our proud alumni, thank you so much for your support and involvement. Please stay in touch and I hope you enjoy reading about some of the exciting things happening in the department.
Professor Sarah Shomstein
Department Chair, Hunt Professor of Psychology
Collaborating to End HIV Epidemic in D.C.
Faculty in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences have been instrumental in the District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). This multi-institutional effort, funded by the National Institutes of Health, promotes and supports research that contributes to ending the HIV epidemic in D.C. and beyond. The work of this partnership of academic, governmental and community organizations includes significant efforts by 11 of our professors: Lisa Bowleg, Sarah Calabrese, Ana María del Río-González, Stephen Forssell, Sharon Lambert, Sherry Molock, Paul Poppen, Carol Sigelman, Michelle Stock, Ellen Yeung and Maria Cecilia Zea.
Research Addresses Maternal Distress
Clinical Psychology Professor Huynh-Nhu (Mimi) Le received a $4.2 million grant from Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) to conduct a maternal mental health research program in collaboration with local colleagues. Dr. Le is the co-principal investigator on the grant with Dr. Catherine Limperopoulos, director of The Developing Brain Institute at Children’s National Hospital. Their “Mothers and Babies: Mood and Health” research program is a three-year project that addresses maternal mental health disparities through integrated screening, prevention and treatment of maternal distress for African American perinatal women in the Washington, D.C., area.
Alumni Class Notes
- Brian Abel, BA ’98, lives in Scottsdale, Az., and is an ER nurse. He is also a clinical instructor at The University of Arizona College of Nursing and is entering the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner doctoral program at GW's School of Nursing this fall.
- Dara Albright, BA ’91, is a FinTech pundit and host of the DWealthMuse podcast.
- Emily Alexander, BA ’16, is completing her master's in education in prevention science at Harvard's Graduate School of Education.
- Angelica Alston, BA ’10, will be celebrating 10 years this fall of working as a scholar advocate with Interfolio, Inc., a higher education technology company.
- Kazi Arif Anwar, BA ’00, MS ’02, wrote the novel The Storm, published by Simon and Schuster in 2018. It was translated into multiple languages.
- Madison Awalt, BA ’15, is the director of admissions for Dwight Global Online School. She lives in New York City.
- Jill Awbrey, BA ’02, is the star and writer of HELD, a horror/thriller feature film distributed by Magnolia Pictures/Magnet Releasing. The film played in theaters nationwide in April, and is now available on demand and streaming on Hulu.
- Peter Berman, BA ’68, MA ’70, PhD ’75, is now almost fully retired from his work at the VA, Stanford, and his private practice.
- Alexis Blickman, BA ’20, is currently entering her 2L year at Boston College Law School in pursuit of a JD degree. She is also working at Prince Lobel Tye in the heart of Boston.
- Madison Brown, BBA ’20, currently resides in Manhattan, N.Y., and works at Bloomberg L.P. She focuses on trade compliance in the bond market.
- Eliannah De Carlo, BA ’17, recently obtained her Doctor of Psychology focused in school psychology, and is pursuing Board Certification in behavior analysis. She is currently a pediatric psychology postdoctoral fellow at Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital.
- Brice Carr, BBA ’12, believes that his minor in psychology shaped the way he thinks about business, which is invaluable and has helped his career immensely.
- Sandra Lubowitz Cohen, BA ’76, MS ‘80, received a master’s degree in rehabilitation counseling from The State University of NY at Albany. Sandra retired after 30+ years in vocational rehabilitation in Albany, N.Y.
- Jason Comer, BA ’94, completed medical school and training in the field of medical oncology. He is now an assistant professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle and serves as the medical director of the Cancer Center at Overlake Hospital.
- Frances Cooke, BA ’19, is a clinical research coordinator at Children's National Hospital in D.C. She works on projects on the psychosocial impact of food allergy, mindfulness and Type 1 diabetes and care coordination for the psychiatric unit.
- John Davis, BA ’75, pursued a PhD at Wayne State University after becoming enthused about neuropsychology in Professor Lawrence Rothblat's class. He is now retiring from work as a clinical neuropsychologist and professor at McMaster University.
- Paulina Diaz, BA ’15, MA ’18, is a fourth-year medical student at Universidad Central del Caribe in Puerto Rico and is planning to apply for residency in neurology.
- Amir Faghfoory, BA ’02, MS ’04, works as a correctional psychiatrist with the California courts in matters related to competency and treatment of incarcerated individuals.
- Monica Fleischmann, BA ’70, went on to a master’s in education and worked with adolescents and children in school and with a counseling project. She is now retired after working in sales at FedEx for 27 years.
- Fabiana Franco, MPhil ’00, PhD ’03, has a successful private practice in New York City. She is also licensed in Maryland, D.C. and Virginia, and is doing research, publishing, training and presenting at conferences both nationally and internationally.
- Sarah Friedman, PhD ’75, is a research professor at GW, the 2021 president of Division 1 of the American Psychological Association (APA) and a 2021 APA council representative. She recently completed a chapter about theories of human development.
- Vincent Gallub, BA ’18, is a medical student at the Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine.
- Joseph Gasper, BA ’02, is an associate director at Westat, a statistical and survey research company located in Rockville, Md.
- Jennifer Gittleman, BA ’17, is a fourth-year PhD candidate at Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology. She is currently completing her doctoral training at NYU School of Medicine's World Trade Center clinic.
- Leslie Grossman, BA ’69, trains women leaders and coaches in a transformational leadership program at Circle Leadership and at GW-CEPL. Her life's purpose is gender equity, discovered after a career in PR and marketing, including her own business.
- Alisa Hoffman, BA ’88, MD ’93, went into a pediatric residency after graduating from the GW School of Medicine.
- Jose Rey Antonio Lesaca, BA ’15, began a new career with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an attorney in the agency's Office of the Chief Counsel after a successful stint in private practice.
- Cori Mazzeo, BA ’04, is the program director for USAID's MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership project at Save the Children. She and her husband, Mike, recently welcomed their second child, Luca, who joins big brother, Leo.
- Erin McCormack, BA ’14, MD ’18, is now a neurosurgical resident in New Orleans, La.
- Samuel Mohebban, BA ’20, is currently a senior machine-learning engineer writing ZeroEyes Inc., a company that strives to prevent mass shootings. He is a part of the team that develops a computer vision model.
- Randy Nolte, BA ’06, MA ’12, PhD ’14, established The Center for Progressive Psychotherapy (CPP) in New York City in 2021. CPP employs five full-time clinical psychologists who provide outpatient therapy to individual adult patients and couples in New York.
- Caitlyn O'Conor, BA ’16, is a full-time physician assistant in an urgent care clinic outside of Boston.
- Jill Plevinsky, BA ’10, recently started her faculty position at the University of Pennsylvania as an assistant professor of clinical psychiatry and is a psychologist in the Pediatric Transplant Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
- Stefanie Reeves, BA ’95, is the executive director of the Maryland Psychological Association. In 2020, she became a Fellow of the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE), an honor bestowed upon less than 1 percent of the ASAE membership.
- Roy Relph, BA ’71, received an MBA in real estate and urban development and spent 42 years appraising commercial real estate, primarily in Northern Virginia. He is now retired.
- Rachel Rutfield, BA ’13, received her MS and CAGS in applied educational psychology from Northeastern University. She is a practicing school psychologist at a K-8 school outside of Boston. She is also a Board Certified Behavior Analyst in a private clinic.
- Kara Sidener, BA ’95, MFS ’97, recently celebrated 23 years with the FBI where she is a special agent and a senior member of the Behavioral Analysis Program, providing behavioral-based strategies for counterintelligence investigations.
- Jillian Singer, BBA ’07, earned her Master of Social Work from Columbia University and is now a practicing psychotherapist in Manhattan. She specializes in treating adults living with anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- Anna Skillings, BA ’19, lives in Washington, D.C., and works in healthcare survey research at the Center for the Study of Services.
- Paul Sochaczewski, BA ’69, lives in Geneva, Switzerland, where he writes full time. His most recent novel is an eco-black comedy set in Borneo, titled EarthLove, and his new book, Searching for Ganesha, will be published in September.
- Ajay Wadgaonkar, BA ’06, BS ’06, MD ’10, completed his residency and fellowship training in radiology at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and is now a staff neuroradiologist at SimonMed Imaging in Orlando, Fla.
- Michael Winick, BA ’91, believes that psychology has come a long way since he graduated. He thinks that much of behavioral and psychoanalytic processes now have been proven incorrect in favor of evolutionary and cost benefit explanations.
- Ariel Zeigler, BA ’11, received her PhD in clinical psychology from Yeshiva University in 2020 and is now a licensed clinical psychologist in New York.
Ana Maria del Rio Gonzalez received a $1,049,087 grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for Juntas Adelante, a peer-coaching intervention program to promote the HIV-prevention drug chemoprophylaxis among Latina transgender women in the D.C. area. Her work was featured in the CCAS Spotlight news magazine.
Other new and noteworthy achievements by our faculty include:
- Katarina Aubuchon received a $1,500 grant from Psi Chi for the project “I Don't "Like" Your Politics: The Impacts of Political Exclusion on Group Attitudes and Voting.”
- Lisa Bowleg received a $78,222 grant from the National Institutes of Health to study adolescent health at the intersections of sexual, gender, racial/ethnic, immigrant identities and native language. Her research focusing on socio-structural inequalities such as racism, police brutality and health inequities was also recognized with the 2021 Trachtenberg Prize for Faculty Scholarship (Research).
- Patrick Cox was awarded a $59,446 grant from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command for a project on quantifying how eyesight is distracted by similar-seeming objects during complex visual searches.
- Clinical alumnus Dr. Devin English, MPhil ’15, PhD ’17; GW faculty members Sharon Lambert, Lisa Bowleg, Maria Cecilia Zea and Lionel Howard; and University of Southern California Professor Brendesha Tynes published a paper in the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology: "Daily multidimensional racial discrimination among Black U.S. American adolescents." This paper was covered in Time Magazine and The New York Times.
- The department’s incoming class of doctoral students includes two additional students supported as prestigious Columbian Fellows: Luke Herchenroeder, who will explore social influences on substance use, and Rebekah Hardy, who will address questions in language and neuroscience.
- Professor Dwight Jacob Kravitz was awarded a $723,275 grant from the National Science Foundation to study the neural dynamics of memory maintenance. He along with Steve Mitroff also published an editorial with Emory Professor Patricia Bauer in Psychological Science about doing science right even in times of a pandemic.
- Huynh-Nhu Le received a $114,636 grant from MedStar Georgetown Hospital and the Clark Foundation for integrating mental health care in centering pregnancy.
- Chang Liu received a $135,276 grant from the National Institutes of Health to identify dynamic change processes in growth trajectories from infancy to early adolescence.
- Current doctoral student Mary Mbaba was inducted into the national Edward Alexander Bouchet Honor Society, which recognizes diversity and excellence in doctoral education.
- Stephen Mitroff received a $449,690 cooperative agreement from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command to use big data for evaluating and predicting human variability.
- Clinical psychology doctoral student Ben Parchem, MA ’20, wrote his first-authored publication, "Perceptions of power and sexual pleasure associated with sexual behaviour profiles among Latino sexual minority men.” Ben also wrote an article, alongside Sherry Molock, examining the impact of COVID on college students from communities of color, which was featured in the Journal of American College Health.
- With guidance from Psi Chi psychology honor society advisor Professor Dennis Schell, the Psi Chi group provided virtual information sessions on careers and graduate school for our undergraduates.
- Sarah Shomstein was named the next editor of Attention Perception & Psychophysics (AP&P) on January 1, 2021. AP&P is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society and spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention and psychophysics.
- Professor Carol Sigelman received the 2021 Trachtenberg Service Award for her excellent service to the Psychological and Brain Sciences Department, Office of the Provost and the university.
- Michelle Stock received a GW COVID-19 Research Fund award to explore how the mental and physical health of young Black adults in Washington, D.C., is impacted by coronavirus-related stressors.
- The paper, "Abstaining College Students' Motives to Use E-Cigarettes,” written by applied social psychology graduate students Kate AuBuchon, MA ’21, and Jonah Kracke-Bock, MA ’28, has been accepted for publication by the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Applied social psychology faculty members Tonya Dodge and Michelle Stock were co-authors of the paper.

domain: medical


The official Tamil remake of Pink, which is fondly called by Thala Ajith fans as Thala 59, will have a fresh interpretation to suit the sensibilities of Tamil audiences. The movie will be directed by Vinoth of Theeran Adhigaaram Ondru fame.
Produced by Boney Kapoor alongside Zee Studios, the film is likely to go on floors from late December once the casting is finalized. The makers are still on the lookout for someone to reprise the role played by Taapsee. Yuvan Shankar Raja is said to be on board to score the music for the film. An official confirmation is awaited.


Just a headlock, not headset lock. I use the Azonic, it's just a metal rod with 2 caps. I use the MTB short for a dc fork, so it would probably be just right for a z150.apollocreed71 said:Anynow know of a headset lock that will work with Mar. z1 fr forks. woodman too large to fit in the bottom of steerer, hole is too small... any suggestions.


text:
Tended by volunteers led by Family Nurse Practitioner Jenny Lang, our community garden grows fresh vegetables behind our Glenwood Springs clinic. Each spring, the rich earth fills with peas, squash, spinach, lettuce and cilantro, later giving way to warm-weather beans, tomatoes and peppers.
Employees and community volunteers work the soil, many of them learning the tricks of vegetable gardening for the first time.
Jenny noticed the need for education early on. “I was like, why is no one picking lettuce? Why? Because I don’t think anyone knew when or how to pick it.”
Volunteer and community member Jesus is an essential contributor to the homegrown operation, watering the vegetables every day.
April planting day gets everyone out together, to appreciate the therapeutic nature of preparing and tending a garden.
“We’re here to get our families outside, as well as to teach them about planting food and playing in the dirt,” said Mountain Family CEO Ross Brooks. “I’m on the road all the time, so my favorite time is being back in the clinic, back in the garden.”
“Everyone should know that what we eat is the best medicine of all,” says Jenny.

domain: agronomy


text:
The Pizza Sub is the Featured $5 Footlong for May at Subway
The $5 footlong featured at Subway this month is the Pizza Sub. Combining pizza and a sandwich seems like a can’t miss… but it’s still Subway. Interested? What veggie toppings would you go with on this sub?
Hot outta the oven, it’s the Pizza Sub. Enjoy spicy pepperoni, piled high and layered with melt-a-licious cheese and our signature marinara sauce. Try it on freshly baked Italian Herb & Cheese bread today, because this May only, it joins our many $5 FOOTLONGS™. 490 calories and 24 grams of fat for a 6″ for the Subway creation on wheat.

domain: food


Mikel Obi Again Cages Bayern Munich As Chelsea Thrash Them 4-0 At The Bridge
1,586 total views, 9 views today
By Our Correspondent
Mikel Obi brought back to the memories of Chelsea fans his 2012 Champions League performance that helped the Blues to win their second continental trophy at the Allianz Arena on Saturday as his defensive masterpiece ensured that Chelsea Legend humbled Bayern Munich Legend 4-0 in a novelty
The game was played in remembrance of Gianluca Vialli, who passed on last year.
Chelsea squad for this game had a large chunk of the glorious 2012 squad members put together by Jose Mourinho before he left in his first missionary journey and bankrolled by Roman Abramovich.
John Mikel Obi was part of the game which ended 4-0 against the Bavarians Legends.
The fixture equally marked the silver anniversary of Chelsea’s winning their second European championship.
Some of Chelsea legends in the game includes John Terry, Gary Cahill, Claude Makelele, Gianfranco Zola, Michael Essien and Salomon Kalou among others.
Not unexpectedly, Mikel didn’t score but Terry, Cahill, Essien and Thiago did the job for the Blues army.


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Lions to place Jahvid Best on IR
DETROIT -- Jahvid Best's season is over, leaving the Detroit Lions to try to piece together an effective running game without their leading rusher.
Best has been bothered by concussion problems and hasn't played since Oct. 16, when the Lions lost to San Francisco. After starting 5-0, Detroit has lost four of six, beginning with that game against the 49ers.
The team says the move is expected to become official next week.
"From the outset, we have been appropriately cautious ...
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domain: sports


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The new ‘Ibiza 2012’ album is another classic with generic suSU artwork, and focusing on the magic that the white isle produces every summer this album has more quality electro & tech-house gems than you shake a stick at.
The in-house formula of 14 huge tunes – plus a bonus DJ mix – retailing at less than £8 is repeated to deadly effect. Again, Ibiza 2012 offers an intoxicating mix of peak time house, deeper techy grooves, current club favourites and, of course, the usual hand picked unreleased killer cuts, to be released at the start of the Ibiza season.
From Azuli, the goodies on offer include Indo ‘R U Sleepin’ Chicken Lips dancefloor smash ‘Do It Proper’, Byron Stingily at his most deadliest with ‘U Turn Me’
The offerings from Renaissance are just as vibrant including man of the moment Eric Laville’s ‘Unknown’ which has won acclaim from the headz from its release a few years back. Plus…world exclusive unreleased Murkstrumental mix on ‘Shiver’ by Lee Coombs feat Katharine Ellis
The bonus DJ Mix is much more than a token bonus offering: We start with the mash up of ‘Unknown’, segueing into ‘U Turn Me’ meeting Nicole Moulder’s ‘The Slap’ finally finishing with Alex Gaudino’s mix of ‘Ride The Storm’…this is a musical journey par excellence.
Roll on the spiritual and magic of Ibiza….on This classic album ……
Available 14 Full length DJ Friendly digital download & Bonus DJ Mix Click HERE to get your copy from Beatport NOW!

domain: artistic


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The SpineScan3DR is an intelligent smartphone based measuring tool that allows rapid scanning and profiling of the shape of an individuals back and the detection of early deformities in axial, coronal and sagittal planes. Data storage and identification allows for longitudinal follow-up and assessment of health-related quality of life.
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Participants in the Federal Cyber Reskilling Academy’s second cohort haven’t all landed government cybersecurity jobs yet, but the contractor that handled the training is sharing its process for how it has benchmarked and tracked their progress
Comtech Telecommunications rated applicants’ potential to succeed in a cyber career prior to their admission into the cohort and for the first time administered hands-on CYBRScore skills assessments throughout the eight-week instructional period. The CYBRScore assessment was tailored to the cyber defense analyst (CDA) work role defined in the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Cybersecurity Workforce Framework.
But first, the pool of 600 federal employees that applied to the academy needed whittling down to 20 students across 10 civilian agencies and the Department of Defense. The Office of Management and Budget and Federal CIO Council didn’t require an IT or cyber background to apply, so Comtech asked general questions measuring 44 characteristics within the realm of aptitude, attitude and career interest.
Aptitude questions consisted of basic science, technology, engineering and math problems, while attitude questions gauged an applicant’s penchant for repetitive tasks and preference for working alone or in groups.
“We try and get those discerning features characterized up front, so at the end of the day, the cohort would be the best fit for success going through the overall program,” Alan Gush, academy director of CYBRScore, told FedScoop.
For instance, the CDA work role required candidates be committed to accuracy when interpreting data, but not so much so that they couldn’t complete assignments. Those characteristics were weighted more heavily.
Once the cohort was selected, subsequent CYBRScore assessments — conducted in a real-world virtual environment using open-source tools to do the data gathering — evaluated CDA knowledge, skills, abilities and tasks (KSATs) as laid out in the NICE framework. That meant no true-false, multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank questions.
The first assessment baselined each student’s KSATs. Then CYBRScore divided the CDA work role into five functional areas for a total of five weekly assessments: protocol analysis, network defense analysis, network attack analysis, incident detection and incident handling.
“That’s a little bit nerve-racking, but it’s similar to…taking a certification exam,” said Erik Wallace, director of business development for CYBRScore.
An assessment might inform the student a hacker accessed the system and ask them to determine what happened leading up to the breach and identify the piece of data used in the intrusion, as well as the date it transpired. Or the participant might be asked to enumerate a network — identifying hosts by their internet protocols, noting their operating systems and which ports are potentially open.
Hundreds of data points were scored in real-time throughout each assessment, with the scores provided to students immediately after for them to track their progress. Scores were also used to personalize learning plans, with participants directed to specific training sets or hands-on virtual labs in areas where they were found to have skills gaps.
On the whole, the 19 participants that completed the academy showed “amazing gains in proficiency” between their baseline and final CYBRScore assessments, Gush said. In total, 16 of the 19 academy graduates finished in a higher experience tier than when they began.
Graduates received a certificate of completion Sept. 20 with 20% selected for cyber positions within their original agency or another since then, Gush said. Alternatively, graduates may have pursued developmental rotation assignments or additional cyber responsibilities within their current roles.
If OMB and the CIO Council opt to do a third cohort of the Reskilling Academy, Comtech would have to bid to run the program like any other company. But cyber aptitude assessments come recommended.
OMB has access to all the applicant data generated by CYBRScore through its contracting partner, the General Services Administration, for future iterations. And Federal CIO Suzette Kent hinted at their expansion in September.
CYBRScore would be interested in supporting a third cohort for OMB or training for any other federal agency — others having expressed interest, Gush said. Wallace said he would expect “slight tweaks” to the weighting of future assessments.
Agencies can find the offering on GSA’s Schedule 70 IT contract.
“So it is available as a distinct program, if agencies are interested in building out that capacity,” Gush said.