Clean hydrogen: deeper insights for better catalysts
The discovery that titanium dioxide enables water to be split into hydrogen and oxygen with the help of sunlight was made almost 50 years ago. This breakthrough could turn out to be the key for unlocking ‘green’ hydrogen – one of the most up-and-coming energy carriers to watch. “To generate hydrogen from water, we need only water, sunlight and a catalyst – and (by definition) the catalyst can be reused. When the hydrogen is subsequently used to produce energy, only water is released. That makes hydrogen a very clean energy carrier,” explains Ellen Backus, professor of Physical Chemistry at the University of Vienna. Titanium dioxide is still considered a benchmark photocatalyst and has been the focus of much research to improve the efficiency of the process. However, half a century after its discovery, we still have very limited knowledge of what happens at the molecular level during photocatalytic water splitting. A team of researchers led by Backus has taken decisive steps towards unravelling this mystery. The FOPS-water (Fundamentals Of Photocatalytic Splitting of Water) project, supported by the European Research Council (ERC), delivered new insights into the molecular mechanism behind the process.
A bottom-up approach
Crucially, the project team achieved a new understanding of how water binds to the photocatalyst, and how the acidity affects what happens at the interface between the two. The researchers analysed the orientation of the water molecules vs the photocatalyst, and how strongly they interact, both with each other and with the photocatalyst itself. This represents significant progress towards improving our grasp of the photocatalytic water splitting mechanism, which in turn could help researchers make the photocatalyst more efficient. “Understanding the process will be an important step in designing cheaper and more efficient photocatalysts. Currently, catalyst optimisation is often achieved by trial and error. Our results could enable a more bottom-up approach,” Backus remarks. While there had been previous efforts to unravel the water splitting reaction at the photoelectrochemical electrode interface, these studies had either taken a theoretical approach or made use of extreme conditions, such as low temperatures or ultra-high vacuum (allowing the experimental ‘visualisation’ of the molecules), which do not reflect the normal working conditions for commercially applicable devices. FOPS-water has been able to fill in this gap, Backus notes: “We made progress in understanding this process at the molecular level in environments close to real-life conditions.”
A global picture at the micro level
The team also studied what happens after putting the photocatalyst into an excited state – in other words, raising its energy level. Backus explains: “The excitation is basically mimicking the sunlight. The main result of that work is that photoexcitation changes the surface charge to which the water molecules adapt their orientation.” In addition to these aspects, the team looked at how fast energy can be dissipated during the process, and on which timescale the reaction takes place. They also broke down the reaction into its separate steps. Drawing on the knowledge gained from the FOPS-water project, the team is currently studying the interface between water and other photocatalysts. They aim to obtain a more global picture of how the catalysts work with a view to identifying relevant parameters for catalyst design. These advances could help inch closer to catalysts suitable for large-scale sustainable hydrogen production as needed to support its use in applications such as passenger cars.
FOPS-water, hydrogen, water -splitting, catalyst, photocatalyst, molecular level, titanium dioxide, interface


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Terpenes & Minor Cannabinoids
What do we really know about "the mother of all cannabinoids"?
The promise and pitfalls of synthetically produced CBD
Scientists probe health effects of little-known cannabis components.
A molecular biologist deconstructs a cannabis industry myth.
Aromatic plant compounds reduce pain and stress, boost brain health, fight cancer and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and more.
Cannabis terpene profiles are more meaningful than strain names and breeding history.
CBDA, CBD's raw botanical counterpart, shows promise as a therapeutic compound for treating cancer, anxiety, epilepsy, and treatment-resistant nausea and vomiting.
Project CBD talks with Dr. Bonni Goldstein about whole plant cannabis remedies, nonintoxicating cannabinoids, and cancer care for children.
β-caryophyllene is a terpene present in cannabis as well as many dark green, leafy vegetables.
Caryophyllene (BCP) and its derivative caryophyllene oxide (BCPO) are particularly significant terpenoids found in many green leafy vegetables.
THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO CBD
By the Editors of Reader’s Digest & Project CBD: Everything You Need to Know About What It Helps, Where to Buy It, and How to Take It.

domain: chemistry


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During a Nintendo Direct today, Nintendo confirmed that the Daruk, Mipha, Revali, and Urbosa amiibo will launch on November 10.
The amiibo represent the four Champions in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, each of whom is associated with one of the game’s Divine Beasts.
When scanned in Breath of the Wild, each Champion will unlock materials and weapons in-game, as well as headgear representing the Divine Beast they’re connected with -- Vah Rudania for Daruk, Vah Ruta for Mipha, Vah Medoh for Revali, and Vah Neboris for Urbosa.
The Champions amiibo were announced at E3 and will tie into the Champions’ Ballad DLC, which still doesn’t have an exact release date.
Daruk, Mipha, Revali, and Urbosa join the five previous Breath of the Wild amiibo: the initial set of Rider Link, Archer Link, and Guardian, and the later additions, Zelda and Bokoblin.
Andrew is IGN’s executive editor of news and can barely keep track of how many amiibo are coming anymore. You can find him rambling about Persona and cute animals on Twitter.

domain: news


An undercover investigator posing as a correction officer smuggled drugs, alcohol, and a razor blade into jails in Manhattan and Brooklyn with incredible ease and found the Department of Corrections failed to implement reforms it supported publicly for nearly five years. A report published by the Department of Investigations [PDF],
An upcoming hearing could be a major turning point in Reality Winner’s case and we’re sending Kevin Gosztola to cover it.
Kim Wilson and Brian Sonenstein discuss Operation PUSH: a nonviolent prison labor strike and boycott in Florida that began on Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
It has been one year since the uprising at James T. Vaughn Correctional Center. While DOC demands are being met, little has changed for prisoners.
More than a week since Operation PUSH launched in Florida prisons, officials claim there is no strike, even though there are several reports of retaliation.
Immigrant Woman Attempts Suicide At Detention Center After Facing Punishment For Avoiding Guard Who Sexually Abused Her
A twenty-three year-old immigrant woman from El Salvador attempted suicide at a private immigration detention center in Texas after learning she may face punishment for avoiding a guard who sexually abused her and still works at the facility. Laura Monterrosa ingested “51 pain pills that were left in her possession by
Organizers, including one incarcerated individual, outline plans for Operation PUSH, which will involve refusing to work in multiple prisons in Florida.
The Justice Department is not evaluating the performance of pretrial diversion programs, residential re-entry centers, and home confinement, according to congressional testimony from the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Under President Barack Obama administration, the Justice Department sought to reduce booming federal prison populations by providing alternatives to incarceration for people
Shadowproof is seeking pitches from freelance writers for publication on our website in January.
Professor Alex S. Vitale discusses his book, “The End Of Policing,” which provides a historical analysis of law enforcement and police reform, and argues for alternatives.


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Looking for your Kohl's Charge account?
Begin page main content.
Floral fun. This girls' poppy lamp will make your baby's nursery bloom with style. In pink/yellow.

domain: artistic


Yusuph’s Arctic Expedition gives rise to Africa’s Center for Climate Change Awareness.
Being the only participant from Africa to the 2019’s ClimateForce: Arctic Expedition, Yusuph has returned home inspired by the words of Sir Robert Swan. On the last day in Oslo, Robert (the founder of 2041 Foundation, environmentalist and polar explorer) encouraged Yusuph to take bold steps in making the world a better place, the final words stuck with Yusuph as an inspiration to date: “You are in charge of Africa now”, Robert told Yusuph.
Yusuph’s work continues to positively impact communities beyond Tanzania. In the past, he worked with the Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots to foster care and concern for animals, communities and environment. He supported Saving Africa’s Nature in conservation efforts. He coordinated Nipe Fagio’s waste management initiatives. He also directed the Global network of Religions for Children in Tanzania to safeguard child rights. Yusuph co-founded Global Compassion to support cross-cultural exchange of students and teachers between USA and Tanzania. He also played a key role in formation of the professional exchange platforms, Tuko Pamoja and DakaNetwork between Dar es Salaam and Hamburg cities.
Yusuph is now pursuing an ambitious goal for Africa, a climate change awareness center for the continent. Aligning Climate Action to Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, by promoting climate resilient pathways for Africa’s economic development. To receive email updates from Yusuph on the progress of this initiative, kindly sign up below:
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Add these crispy cauliflower wings to your snack rotation and watch a night with friends get ten times better. In this recipe, large cauliflower florets are dipped in a thick chickpea flour batter, baked in the oven until crispy, and then doused in spicy buffalo sauce. Serve this with a creamy vegan Ranch to balance out the heat and get ready to lick your fingers from all of the deliciousness! Everyone is going to love these Crispy Cauliflower Wings!
Crispy Cauliflower Wings [Vegan, Gluten-Free, Grain-Free]
For the Wings:
- 1 head of cauliflower, cut into large florets
- 1 1/4 cups chickpea flour
- 3/4 cup water
- 1 teaspoon garlic powder
- A pinch of salt
- Fresh cracked pepper
For the Ranch:
- 1 cup cashews, soaked for at least 8 hours
- 1 tablespoon nutritional yeast
- 2 garlic cloves
- juice from 1/2 of 1 lemon
- 3/4 cup unsweetened almond milk
- 1 teaspoon apple cider vinegar
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh dill
- 1 tablespoon chopped fresh chives
- Salt and pepper, to taste
For the Buffalo Sauce:
- 1 cup hot sauce
- 1/4 cup coconut oil
- 1 tablespoon lemon juice
- 1 tablespoon coconut aminos
- 1 tablespoon agave nectar
- 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
To Make the Wings:
- Preheat oven to 450°F degrees.
- Cut cauliflower into large florets. To make them look like the real deal, they must have short stumps as well.
- In a large bowl, whisk together chickpea flour, water, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. This should be a very thick batter.
- Add cauliflower to the bowl and toss with clean hands. Make sure to get the batter in all the crevasses. Place cauliflower florets on a lined baking sheet.
- Take a spoon and scoop any remaining batter in the bottom of the bowl on top of each piece of cauliflower.
- Place pan in oven. Bake for 35 minutes.
To Make the Ranch Dip:
- In a blender, add cashews, nutritional yeast, garlic, lemon juice, milk, vinegar, salt, and pepper. Blend on high until mixture is completely smooth. Pour into a bowl.
- Whisk in chopped dill and chives.
- Cover and set in the refrigerator.
To Make the Buffalo Sauce:
- Add all ingredients into a medium pot. Heat up to allow coconut oil to melt. When hot, take off heat and set aside.
- Place cauliflower wings into a large bowl. Pour desired amount of buffalo sauce over wings. Toss with a large spoon.
- Serve immediately with ranch dip.

domain: food


Banja Ilidža weather in December (Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Curious about the December weather in Banja Ilidža? This guide provides all the details you need.
In December, Banja Ilidža generally has low temperatures and high snow/rainfall. December is a winter month. Throughout the day, temperatures typically settle at around 5°C. But by evening, they drop to around -3°C. It is a very cold month, so be prepared and make sure to dress up warm. It's always better to be prepared than to find oneself shivering in the cold.
Banja Ilidža in December usually receives high snow/rainfall, averaging around 108 mm for the month. Based on our climate data of the past 30 years, about 14 days of snow/rain are anticipated.
The area sees fewer sunny days, with a projection of about 42 hours of sunshine. This reduced sunlight makes it ideal for those who prefer cooler, overcast conditions over bright sunny days.
If you're looking for dry conditions and comfortable temperatures, December may not be the ideal month to visit Banja Ilidža. July, August and September generally stand out with the best circumstances. While January, February, March, November and December tend to showcase less optimal conditions.
For an in-depth look at the yearly conditions, visit our specialized Banja Ilidža climate page with graphs.
Banja Ilidža, monthly averages in December
Where to go in Bosnia and Herzegovina in DecemberFind out more about the weather in Bosnia and Herzegovina in December and which places have the best weather conditions in this month.
So, what should you wear in Banja Ilidža in December?Wear a base layer in cold weather; this is the #1 thing you can do to increase your overall body temperature.
What To Do
We rated the following activities from 1 (least suitable) to 10 (best) to do in December.
Interested in more climate information?
Weather and Climate provides you with all the information you need about the climate in Banja Ilidža.
Our site offers climate and forecast data for every country in the world. Are you going to Bosnia and Herzegovina? On this website you can find historical weather averages for many cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Not sure yet where to go? We now have a tool which recommends destinations that suit your ideal climate conditions. Find out where to go with our weather planner.


text: All of the “non-essential” bits of the US Federal government have (supposedly) been shut down. I believe that every bit of the US Federal government is “non-essential.” I hope that one day it’s all shut down. Let’s get back to 50 sovereign States, but let us proceed further. There are over 30,000 incorporated cities in the United States. Let’s shut down the States, making 30,000 sovereign cities. But wait, there’s more! There are an estimated 75,000,000 homeowners in the United States. 75,000,000 sovereign homes sounds good to me! Ultimately, every individual in the United States (300,000,000+), nay, every individual in the world (7,000,000,000+), should be a sovereign unto himself. Let several billion nations bloom! And that’s today’s two cents.

domain: politics


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Plumsted man dragged girlfriend from car, took off with vehicle, Stafford cops say
STAFFORD – A Plumsted Township man was charged with carjacking and simple assault last week after Stafford police said he dragged his girlfriend out of her vehicle, stole her cellphone and then drove away in her car.
Keith D. Carocci, 47, of Lakewood Road, was taken into custody Thursday by Stafford police, members of the NY/NJ Regional Fugitive Task Force and U.S. Marshals Office, police said.
The assault happened April 29, police said. Officers responded to Route 72 near Fawn Lakes for a report of a woman who was in the street waving her hands and attempting to stop traffic.
The woman said she was driving Carocci home and, during an argument, she became scared, stopped the vehicle and asked Carocci to get out, police said.
The woman said Carocci opened the passenger side door, grabbed her and pulled her out of the driver’s seat and then out of the vehicle through the passenger side, police said.
Carocci took the woman’s cellphone, left her on the road and drove west on Route 72, police said.
The woman suffered minor injuries from the assault, police said.
Carocci was charged with carjacking and simple assault, police said. An arrest warrant was issued for his arrest with bail set at $100,000, police said.
The victim’s vehicle, identified as a blue 2004 Hyundai Santa Fe, was found unoccupied in a Wawa parking lot in Plumsted Township.
Carocci was taken to the Ocean County jail in Toms River where he remained Monday night, according to the jail website.
Stephanie Loder: 732-456-2159; firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: law


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Presented by Consequence of Sound and Voice Boxx Studios, Rootsland is a weekly docuseries podcast that explores the story of two friends who take a musical and spiritual journey from the suburbs of Long Island to the streets of Kingston, Jamaica. Today, host Henry “K” Karyo kicks off Season 1: “Reggae, Junkie, Jew” with two exciting chapters that will take listeners to exotic locations.
In Chapter 1: “Catch a Fire”, we dial things back to 1987 and head to Washington, D.C., where Henry is a disillusioned justice major at American University. His life changes, however, when he walks into a record shop and eventually secures an internship at RAS Records working for trailblazing reggae producer Dr. Dread, a.k.a Gary Himmelfarb. The job description seems simple enough: sweeping floors, packing boxes, and answering phones. But, Henry soon learns calls to RAS Records are anything but simple.
The story continues with Chapter 2: “When the Music Hits” as Henry befriends a reggae super fan and an obsessed caller to the label. He soon learns that this “Brian from Colorado” is an aspiring singer, whose revolutionary spirit may convince Henry to follow his dream to pursue music over law. That dream becomes a reality when Henry is tasked to bring a reggae legend to a recording session. He’s not sure what hits him—it could be the contact buzz, it could be the savory smell of brown stew fish — but when Henry sees Dr. Dread behind the mixing board with a grin … life begins to make a whole lotta sense.
Stream both episodes above and subscribe now for the full effect. Below, you can stream all of the tracks from the season. An accompanying soundtrack will be released exclusively on Consequence of Sound in the weeks ahead.

domain: entertainment


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January 15, 2013
Evansville Courier and Press | January 15, 2013
Losers of civil lawsuits in Indiana would have to pay the attorneys’ fees racked up by the winners under a measure that is part of Republican Gov.-elect Mike Pence’s legislative agenda this year.
January 11, 2013
Post-Tribune | January 11, 2013
Gov.-elect Mike Pence will include tort reform in his first-year legislative agenda, which is slowly taking shape.
November 15, 2012
Insurance Journal | November 15, 2012
Indiana’s high court has ruled that the state’s fund established to cover excess damages in medical malpractice cases may not dispute the existence or cause of a plaintiff’s injury in a case in which the medical providers previously settled the claim, admitting liability.
August 16, 2012
Washington Post | August 16, 2012
The owner of the stage that collapsed at Indiana’s State Fair last year and killed seven people rejected a settlement plan Wednesday that would have protected the state from further legal action.
August 2, 2012
Washington Post | August 2, 2012
Victims of the deadly stage collapse at the Indiana State Fair faced a Wednesday deadline to make claims against a $13.2 million settlement offer from the state and two private companies, but it could be weeks before they learn their share of the money and even whether the deal will go forward.
June 12, 2012
Legal Newsline | June 12, 2012
Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller announced two settlements on Friday worth $320,000 to his state with Walgreen Co. resolving allegations of ineligible Medicaid claims and other reimbursement matters.
May 14, 2012
Point of Law | May 14, 2012
Comparative negligence combined with joint and several liability resulted in a variety of absurd cases where the deep pocket with 1% responsibility paid for the negligence or intentional torts of others, so many states, Indiana among them, limited joint and several liability for the minimally responsible.
November 28, 2011
Washington Post | November 28, 2011
Country duo Sugarland was named in a lawsuit filed Tuesday by 44 survivors of the Indiana State Fair stage collapse and family members of four people who died, by far the largest claim yet stemming from the tragedy.
Washington Post | November 28, 2011
A federal judge has certified the victims of the Indiana State Fair stage collapse as a single class in a lawsuit challenging a law that caps the state’s liability at $5 million.
October 25, 2011
NWI Times | October 25, 2011
Indiana is a state where tort reform has worked well. Lifting the $5 million liability cap following the Aug. 13 Indiana State Fair stage collapse would jeopardize that reform. So far, state Rep. Ed DeLaney, D-Indianapolis, has suggested raising the state's liability cap to $415 million. Republican leaders have said that would help trial lawyers, not the victims.
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From The Blog
WASHINGTON, D.C.—Lisa A. Rickard, president of the U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform (ILR), made the following...
Yesterday, the Nevada Supreme Court heard a challenge involving a case that could tank $127 million worth of...
Please finish this lead sentence in a May 9 story in the Louisiana Record: “A New Orleans woman who was allegedly...


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Conventional Loan Debt To Income Ratio FHA is making more mortgages available to applicants with risky debt. – Is it easier today for home buyers with a high debt ratio and subpar. the credit- score and dti standards needed for most conventional loans?
Which loan is better? FHA or USDA Rural Development? – The cons to a USDA loan is that the Guarantee Fee of 2% gets added to the loan amount. Plus, like with FHA, there is an annual fee of .5% which gets added to your monthly payments.
The Pros and Cons of the USDA Guaranteed Loan | Georgia. – · The USDA loan can be used to refinance a home as well. Disadvantages of the USDA Guaranteed Mortgage. Taking the bad with the good may be the name of the game if you’re interested in participating in this zero-down loan program, so let’s get to the “cons” of the USDA guaranteed mortgage.
Refinance Conventional To Fha A conventional refinance is the loan of choice for many homeowners in today’s market. While HARP and FHA have dominated the refinance market in years past, the standard conventional refinance is becoming the go-to option now that home equity is returning across the nation.
When comparing USDA loans vs FHA loans keep in mind that an FHA loan does not have any requirements as to where the home is. usda loans only apply to those homes in rural locations. The mortgage insurance is higher for FHA loans when compared to USDA loans, meaning that it can be more expensive.
If you’re looking to buy a home in a rural or suburban area with no down payment and minimal investment, you might consider the USDA Rural Development Loan.It can be a good option if you are buying your first home and do not want to live in a large, urban area.. The loans are backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and were created to help people living in low- to moderate-income.
Pros Cons Loans Of Usda And – Commercialloansconsultants – If you hope to use the home as a rental, you won’t qualify for the program-it’s open only to those borrowers who intend on living in the home. Here are a few other "cons" of the USDA Guaranteed Loan program. Pros and Cons of FHA Loans. While FHA loans are certainly attractive, it’s important to understand the cons of the loan as well.
USDA Loans Pros and Cons – usdamortgagesource.com – Below we have listed some pros and cons to each program to help Florida homebuyers better decide. USDA Rural Development Loans: Pros. USDA 502 Guarantee loans is the only mortgage program in Florida (unless military) that still allow 100% financing with no down payment. loan qualifying criteria and credit standards are very flexible.
USDA Loan Pros and cons usda loans are becoming increasingly well known and sought after as people learn about the benefits of these great mortgages. While they certainly do have their advantages, it is important to be scrupulous and make sure you understand that there are a few disadvantages to USDA loans.

domain: finance


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Set behind Bude's popular Summerleaze beach is the 1930s Bude Sea Pool. Whilst Summerleaze is a fantastic, wide, sandy beach it does face into the Atlantic Ocean meaning it is subject to big waves and strong currents from time to time. The outdoor pool was created to allow safe bathing in seawater in any conditions, without the tides or waves. That said, at high tides the sea may overflow into the pool which can be dangerous in big seas.
The pool is patrolled by lifeguards during the summer months making it perfect for kids. There is also the added bonus that the water in the pool warms up quickly and is usually considerably warmer than the sea.
Part natural, part man-made this tidal lido is built into the cliffs and rocks that the beach backs onto. It is a very respectable size - 290 feet (88 m) by 140 feet (43 m), making it more than big enough for all levels of swimmers. In fact the RNLI and the Bude Surf Lifesaving Club both use the pool for training and exams.
The pool was built with donations from the Thynne family, amongst others. Today, despite almost 60,000 people visiting Bude Sea Pool every year, making it the town's top visitor attraction, funding is a little tighter. Some of the pool's upkeep and maintenance is now provided by the Friends of Bude Sea Pool, a volunteer charity organisation.
Whilst the Sea Pool might be Bude's most popular attraction there is in fact another, lesser known open air pool. Tommy's Pit (named after Sir Thomas Acland) is another pool located at the opposite end of the beach by Barrel Rock. Opened in 1859 it was built as a men-only bathing pool.

domain: geography


Data mining & Data FusionAs producers, curators, and users of scientific data, we know that when data are processed in ways meaningful to end users, their value increases. SSAI creates and maintains innovative approaches to mining data and developing data products that are useful. We are exploring and piloting new, open-source data fusion technologies, and we provide technical assessments of these tools as well. SSAI also collaborates with instrument and data mission teams to develop tools and techniques to verify the quality of data products.
For example, SSAI has led the development of several improved search capabilities for various science missions at NASA. Atmospheric data being retrieved from the CALIPSO and CERES instruments are made more accessible with sophisticated subsetter applications developed by SSAI.


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The Guardian’s “100 Months To Save The World” – Part II
According to the Guardian’s Andrew Simms, we are two months away from reaching a tipping point for the beginnings of runaway climate change.
So, how much has the world’s climate changed since 2008?
Atmospheric temperatures have barely changed in the last eighteen years:
Arctic sea ice extent in September has remained stable:
Winter Arctic ice extent has barely changed since 2005:
Antarctic sea ice has been growing rapidly: (note that data since April is spurious, due to satellite problems).
And global sea ice is also stable:
Hurricanes keep on doing what hurricanes do:
Tornadoes remain at historically low levels:
Major droughts in the US are a thing of the past:
And the same in Australia:
In short, far from climate catastrophe, people would be excused for not noticing any change at all the the Earth’s climate.
Meanwhile, all of that extra CO2 in the atmosphere has contributed to a remarkable greening of the world:
And global food production continues to rise in leaps and bounds:


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Offered by Gude & Meis Antique Clocks
30-hour movement with half hour striking on bell in combination with cuckoo, polychrome painted dial
25-cm polychrome painted convex dial with Roman numerals, brass diamond shaped hands, flower spandrels and in the arch flanking the door for the cuckoo, 30-hour weight driven wooden movement with anchor escapement, countwheel half hour striking on a bell in combination with cuckoo and pipes, wood case with doors to the sides, suspension hoop and spurs.
Cuckoo clocks are usually made in a chalet style. This clock a so-called Lackschilduhr (painted dial clock) with cuckoo is the earlier and much more rare type.
Site by Artimin


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A Wrinkle in Time, directed by Ava Duvernay, and starring Storm Reid, Levi Miller, Oprah Winfrey, Reese Witherspoon, Mindy Kailing, Chris Pine and other, is baed on the novel of the same name by Madeilene L’Engle. It is an ambitious, colorful and well acted movie, but is ultimately disappointing because the script by Jennifer Lee and Jeff Stockwell misses the mark, and as the novel has been touted as a difficult product to adapt, Ava also fails to do anything substantial with it. But, that doesn’t mean its too bad. It certainly has superficial pleasures, like the cinematography, which looks fake at times and is derivative of some movies, is still striking and compelling to look at.
All the cast members are very good, and the leads, Levi Miller and Storm Reid are very well suited for their roles, making the most of what they’re given. The supporting cast, while not given much substantial to do, are adequate and lend gravity to the story. But, Ava isn’t capable to make us interested in the narrative and looking at the pretty stuff gets tiring after a while, as there’s not much heft in the movie. There are themes that are nailed hard in your head through dialogues but don’t make much impact.
Still, Ava is a talented director who is capable to make even a basic script like this work in spurts, and it does, until the big, CGI set pieces take over the movie. Watch it if you’re a fan of the books and wanted to see a big screen adaptation, otherwise you can always check it out while its’ streaming online some months later.


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To speak personally with one of our flower consultants please call 1-800-928-3764
or 954-772-0200 x 2 (Wedding Salon) or 954-772-0200 x 1 (Ft. Lauderdale Design Center).
Requests for consultations are preferred in advance.
Our shop serves the following areas: We serve all of Ft. Lauderdale (Broward) and the surrounding communities including Coconut Creek, Cooper City, Coral Springs, Dania Beach, Davie, Deerfield Beach, Hallandale Beach, Hillsboro, Hillsboro Beach, Hollywood, West Hollywood, Lauderdale Lakes, Lauderdale-By-The-Sea, North Lauderdale, Lighthouse Point, Margate, Miramar, Oakland Park, Parkland, Pembroke Pines, Plantation, Pompano, Pompano Beach, Southwest Ranches, Sunrise, Weston, Wilton Manors, and Tamarac. For Weddings & Events we also deliver to all 3 South Florida Counties: Palm Beach (Boca Raton, Delray, Boynton Beach, West Palm Beach, etc), Broward (listed above) & Miami-Dade (Miami, Aventura, North Miami, Coconut Grove, etc).


PURPOSE: To demonstrate that a paraffin lens can focus microwaves.
DESCRIPTION: When the 12cm microwave transmitter and receiver are placed about 50 cm apart the receiver picks up the microwaves and displays them on an overhead projector meter. Positioning the lens midway between the transmitter and the receiv er focuses microwaves onto the receiver, increasing the meter reading. The geometry can be optimized by moving the receiver along the optic axis.
REFERENCES: (PIRA 6A60.60)
EQUIPMENT: Microwave transmitter and receiver with overhead projector meter, paraffin lens.
SETUP TIME: 5 min.
Go back to Lecture-Demonstration Home Page.


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tao sexual positions: Leading 7 Methods To Becoming a Positive Companion.
Satisfy the confident fan. A lover that anticipates that every sex-related encounter will be definitely delightful, both on their own and for their companion. She or he is guaranteed that what they perform in bed will result in contentment.
For the certain enthusiast, sex is fun, amazing and fulfilling. Over and over again.
You can not be a certain guy if you are not a positive guy. If confidence does not come naturally to you, phony it until you make it. Correct your position, end up being much more assertive, operate at obtaining a promotion at the workplace, groom on your own, spend in some self-help publications and a few workshops on building self-confidence.
Sexual confidence is liquid
Sex-related self-confidence isn’t something we have or don’t have, explains Dr Chris Fox, an elderly speaker in sexology at the University of Sydney.
” Self-confidence is fluid, so is sex-related confidence.
” I can speak before an audience of thousands of people, yet I can’t stand in front of my family members and offer a speech without breaking right into splits.” Ms Mourikis claims while any person can be sexually confident, “it simply takes some job”
Would certainly you like to understand what makes a confident lover?
1. Be intentional
And I’m not just speaking about being deliberate concerning initiating and appreciating sex (although that is essential, too). Be willful regarding your connection! The more you really feel secure about the health of your marriage and the more you delight in each other’s relationship and company, tao sexual positions the more you find the wonderful foundation for phenomenal sex-related connection.
If ever there was a relationship where we should not obtain laxed in showing and getting friendship and love, it is marriage.
When it comes to initiating sex, do you desire to grow in your confidence? Initiate extra. You have to be deliberate. Appears easy, ideal? Possibly not if you are the one who hardly ever initiates. However there’s nothing else means to end up being a lot more positive doing something than to do it more.
You understand what I’m speaking around? They really hug, like they deeply care and do not really want to let go. Exactly how did they obtain that method?
So expand in your sexual confidence by being deliberate in your relationship and intentional in the ways you start sex. If you have actually obtained some relationship discord to recover, then of course, heal it. That’s a large part of growing in self-confidence, too. Being deliberate regarding repairing damages and reconstructing trust.
2. Express Yourself Authentically
Being sexually certain methods being that we are at our core without keeping back. Expressing ourselves entirely brings concerning an air of self-confidence that nothing else can. Spend some time to evaluate if exactly how you share yourself is how you wish to share yourself. Expression with your clothes and total look is especially crucial when it pertains to really feeling sexually certain. Do you avoid putting on specific clothes since you assume you can’t draw it off? Do you not put on make-up because you’re scared of being evaluated or think you can not make it look great? Do you cut your pubic hair or keep a specific hair shade only to please other individuals or because it’s acceptable by society’s standards?
Maybe there are some points you want to experiment with regarding your appearance– subtle differences can make big shifts in your self-confidence when you’re making modifications that reflect your real self. For example, you may want to ditch the gowns and heels that you feel you “ought to” wear to look hot and tao sexual positions rather wear your Chuck Taylors and a t-shirt because you feel more “at home” and comfy in them. Or you might intend to dye your hair purple due to the fact that the adjustment thrills you, despite the fact that your family members or considerable other might not authorize. Choose what lights you up– the much more you do, the extra positive you will really feel throughout.
Discover and Own Your Wishes When you recognize what you prefer and when you really feel worthwhile of having it, you are extremely most likely to get it. So take some time to believe regarding you want sexually and in your entire life at this existing minute (who you are now may not be who you were last year or also recently). Due to the fact that honestly, when you begin pursuing your wishes in one area of your life (i.e. job), you’re most likely going to go after your needs in other locations of your life, like your sex life.
When it concerns sex, maybe you intend to get a bit more kinky or try a trio. When it concerns your job, perhaps you’re desiring for beginning a passion task and taking it full-time so you can stop your draining job. Whatever it is, own it– and recognize that you are deserving of it. Think of what it would take to satisfy your wish and take a tiny step towards attaining it. Perhaps having a prone conversation with your partner or making time over the weekend break to exercise your imaginative craft.
3. Remaining Present And Not Having An Objective In Mind Right Now
“A confident individual knows that if the connection does not work out, then it merely wasn’t indicated to be more than it was,” Trescott says. “You can symbolize this self-confidence by welcoming the mantra that whatever will be, will be and that whatever’s meant for you can’t leave you.”
4. Assume outside package
As a Christian, are you a reluctant lover when it comes to trying something besides missionary setting? We as wedded Christians need to aspire to embrace sex-related freedom, but as well typically we are stuck in self-imposed sex-related obstacle. Way too many wedded Christians are losing out on unbelievable passion, satisfaction and link with their partner.
God really gives us remarkable sex-related freedom. We need to give pause and not so promptly disregard something that God has not plainly said you can refrain sexually.
If you intend to expand in your sexual self-confidence, you would be smart to assume outside of the missionary-position-only box. Yes, you need to maintain your sexual enjoyment and perform unique to only the two of you. And neither of you should be getting pleasure at the cost of the other person obtaining pain, as the basis of healthy and balanced sexual intimacy is following love. Yet you ARE complimentary to try various touches, methods and settings.
Arousal needs to be seen a lot more as a buffet of lots of tasty selections instead than a foreseeable meal. And sexual intercourse is not the only method to reach orgasm for a husband or a better half. You have choices and chances, pleasant methods and touches to check out.
Think outside package. Try some brand-new points. Grow in your confidence.
5. Having A Good Time Doing Things You Really Take Pleasure In With Your New Partner
The very early days of a partnership are expected to be fun. So appreciate hanging out with your partner. Currently you have a partner to discover and have enjoyable experiences with, so make the most of that. “Do things with each other that you both like,” connection specialist and spiritual therapist Davida Rappaport, tao sexual positions informs Bustle. “The even more fun things you do together, the easier it will be for you kick back and not worry unnecessarily.” Basically, if you’re having a good time, you can remain in the moment, and you’re much less most likely to anxiety concerning the future.
6. Rest naked
If there is one point that will escalate your womanly confidence in a big method a very short time it would certainly be this. Yeah, get nude a lot more commonly, my dear! Females are swamped with the “best body image” popular media, that numerous do not really feel gorgeous or attractive enough in their body. They usually dress and undress really fast, avoid looking at themselves naked in the mirror, and really feel extremely timid while getting rid of clothes in front of their partner or in front of eyes of the other individuals while wearing a bikini on the beach.
As opposed to accepting our bodies as a womanly temple and precious car which is bring us with our lifetime, a birthplace of a production and a brand-new life, embodiment of instinct, sensuality, feminine knowledge, gentleness, mild Jin power, an instrument for providing and obtaining love, we started treating and taking a look at it as a “number”, also though it is far more spiritual than that.
Sleeping nude regularly will assist you profoundly to help you feel a lot more positive in your body. It may appear awkward or frightening initially, however begin by taking tiny actions (like sleeping only in underwear) and you will discover the sensuous and positive Goddess within you soon.
7. Consider the proof
Have you had several females tell you that sex with you is terrible? Did you have a partner tell you that you don’t know what you are performing in relation to sex? You require to identify and challenge your thoughts by asking on your own what evidence you have that you do not have sex-related self-confidence.
If you don’t have real proof of somebody providing you responses, then you can test your negative self-talk and replace it with something a lot more reasonable. You will obtain stuck if you continue to fret about what a person may think concerning you.
THE FUNDAMENTALS: The Fundamentals Of Sex In An Excessively Difficult Sex Negative World
The Basics of Sex Discover a sex specialist near me Exists any type of topic extra complicated than sex? At one level, sex is rather easy. It’s a collection of erotically-charged actions. At one more level, sex is a gateway to our deepest human yearnings for connection, for escape, for enjoyment, for validation, for power.
We stay in a mostly “sex-negative” world, and a lot of us have spent years internalizing the message that sex is bad/dirty/wrong/ sinful/dangerous. For those people whose sexual identities, sex expressions, skin, and bodies are systemically marginalized in our society, the message that “you are incorrect as you are” can really feel downright suffocating. These hazardous messages meet the inevitable truth that sex evokes profound vulnerability physical and psychological nudity. And the result is a best storm of struggle!
However below’s a contemporary spin. Today, we aren’t just pestered with shaming and silencing messages concerning sex. We also take in a set of well-meaning messages motivating us to be certain in the bedroom. We are informed to damage free sexually to be sex-positive, liberated, free, and strong. This opposing set of messages is a brand-new variation on an old style. The danger of internalizing the liberation-at-all-costs message is strangely comparable to the risk of internalizing the puritanical message. That danger? Disconnection from self. Under this new paradigm, sex ends up being an efficiency, an attempt to unload pity by confirming your comfort with sex-related expression, your flexibility, and your expertise.
As a result, if you are desire a lot more self-confidence in the bedroom, you must begin with self-compassion. Our intimate partnerships are a powerful crucible for development and healing if we are dedicated to exercising relational self-awareness.
Relational self-awareness is a continuous curious and compassionate partnership with ourselves that comes to be the foundation for a prospering intimate partnership. In my work as a partnership instructor and pairs specialist, tao sexual positions ,what has come to be abundantly clear to me is that our relational self-awareness needs to consist of cultivating sexual self-awareness.
Each of us should have an experience of sexual self-confidence that is authentic rather than performative. That is why the journey toward erotic self-confidence have to be sustained by tough self-compassion.
Self-kindness: Connecting to ourselves the method we would certainly associate with a bosom friend.
Usual mankind: Recognizing that we are much from alone in our struggles and instabilities.
Self-compassion is concerning getting on your very own team. It is a continuous dedication to forgiving yourself for not having it all figured out, for being miserably and deeply human. And it is a prerequisite for wonderful sex.
Real-life sex is a much cry from what we see in flicks or porn, and real-life lovers are much from best. Real sexual self-confidence is a willingness to enable ourselves to be seen in our full humanity.
Your sexual self changes as you relocate via the phases of your life, so it’s never too late to become a lot more self-compassionate … and for that reason extra sexually confident. Below are some practices to obtain you began.
Start to pay interest to how you chat to yourself when you’re having sex. Are you self-critical about how your body looks, or smells, or feels? Take your time.
Bring mindfulness to bed with you. Mindfulness is present moment recognition without judgment, and it is a pillar of self-compassion. Sexuality researcher Dr. Lori Brotto (2014) discovered that mentor females mindfulness abilities assisted them feel extra qualified to sexual pleasure … and most likely to have a climax.
Talking with a partner about sex grows trust fund, and structure trust fund makes it much easier to chat about sex. Partnership scientist Dr. Sue Johnson claims, “In reality, studies tell us that in genuine life, people in lasting partnerships who can speak freely concerning their sex life have more and better sex than new or extra hesitant couples. What actually identifies what kind of sex you are going to have isn’t the unique placements you find in the sex guidebook or the new suggestions in the most current publication.
Why Is It So Vital To Love Yourself?
This might appear more vital to some than others, however self-love is among the most effective points you can do on your own.
Loving on your own supplies you with confidence, tao sexual positions self-respect and it will usually assist you feel much more positive.
You may additionally find that it is much easier for you to drop in love once you have actually discovered to enjoy on your own initially.
If you can discover to love on your own, you will be much happier and will learn exactly how to best look after yourself.
When you are really crazy with on your own and delighted, you need to quit comparing on your own to others so a lot and ought to discover on your own extra confident, not stressing as much about what others assume.
This is Why Confident People Have Effective Relationships:
Certain females do not analyze if he likes them– they think he does.
Confident individuals recognize if a relationship breaks down it’s because it had not been right, not due to the fact that they did something incorrect.
- Certain ladies established healthy limits.
- Confident females trust themselves and the choices they make.
- Positive ladies do not flaunt or chat themselves up.
- Positive women approve obligation, tao sexual positions.
- Confident ladies take the relationship for what it is and do not require it to be a specific method.
- Certain females don’t stay in negative relationships.
- Positive women don’t seriously look for confidence.
- Confident females pick wisely.
This is Why Confident Individuals Have Effective Relationships:
Positive people understand if a connection breaks down it’s because it wasn’t right, not since they did glitch.
Positive females take the relationship wherefore it is and do not need it to be a particular method.
Just how To Get What You Want In A Connection:
How does self-confidence in the bed room appear like?
You might be stunned to discover that individuals that are positive in bed do not have a particular look or beauty. They don’t have any type of details bodily functions. No big boobs, no big penis, no luscious lips, no excellent weight.
What individuals that are certain in the room share is the understanding that sex is incredible! It’s great enjoyable. And they have no questions that their partner likes remaining in bed with them.
What the positive fan personifies is the understanding that stimulation is fluid and altering and can mean various things at different times. They can tap into their own demands, and right into their companion needs. they adjust and respond based on the current scenario.
When you are confident in bed, you know how to approach your partner with delight. You recognize how to keep your enthusiast activated. And you know that satisfaction is in your hands in any way times.
When you are confident in bed, it’s not since you remembered the entire Kama-Sutra and you know which position is most pleasurable. However you more than happy to discover and browse as you go along. As a certain lover, you have not a problem being humble and claim what you do not know due to the fact that you aspire to discover.
Confidence in bed means that claiming no is a non-issue. You decline in such a method that does not really feel like rejection to your partner. As a certain lover, you refuse what does not suit you at a provided moment, knowing it will not impact your or your companion’s delight in the bedroom.
Can any person come to be a certain Companion?
When I just started being sexually energetic, I was just too f# cking proud. I really did not want people to believe I was a virgin, or that I had no idea what I was doing. I saw my very first boyfriend’s pre-ejaculation liquid and I believed he had ejaculated. Although he was still set up … I was really surprised when he informed me that he did not have an orgasm … I can provide numerous humiliating points that I thought when I just began making love, yet really the most unpleasant of all was the truth that I acted that I understood … I pretended, and I was too proud to be happy to discover. My ongoing experience of sex was not continually positive. My abilities and my need to create abilities in the bedroom were rather honestly, dreadful. My self-confidence was as absolutely no as zero can obtain.
I really felt a whole lot of shame around my very own sexuality and I didn’t recognize how to come close to sex in such a way that will make me really feel whole and at tranquility.
I’m sharing my previous experience since I think ending up being confident in bed is feasible for everybody. If I did it, so can you!
So here’s a suggestion what it indicates when I state that I’m confident in bed nowadays.
I have actually had enough positive experience in the room to develop the expectation that sex will constantly be satisfying. And those rare celebrations when sex is not being experienced as pleasurable, tao sexual positions are so insignificance that they do not influence my general assumptions of my sex life. I have had a few enthusiasts that offered me the most outstanding praises concerning me as a lover– just sufficient for me to construct the confidence that I’m appreciated.
I have located the resources that obtained me to feel comfortable with my own inherent variation of sexuality. To start with, I obtained sufficient understanding and skills to obtain me feel confident in my individual understanding of sexuality. And the best skill– which I am constantly creating– is to find out from my partner.
Currently I can state that I am certain in bed. Due to the fact that I made the effort and made this an aware decision.
You can not be a positive guy if you are not a confident man. “A certain person recognizes that if the connection does not work out, then it merely wasn’t suggested to be more than it was,” Trescott says. What individuals that are positive in the room have in typical is the recognizing that sex is remarkable! As a confident enthusiast, you reject what does not suit you at an offered minute, understanding it will not affect your or your companion’s delight in the bed room.
To start with tao sexual positions, I got enough understanding and skills to get me really feel confident in my individual understanding of sexuality.

domain: psychology


text:
As Filipinos observe the national holiday for “Araw ng Kagitingan (Day of Valor also known as Bataan and Corregidor Day)” on April 9, visitors of the province of Bataan find a heritage community offering a new perspective on Filipino-Spanish heritage.
Some 120 years after Philippine independence from three centuries of Spanish colonial rule was declared in Kawit, Cavite, Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar presents the legacies of Spanish rule in the Philippines in a heritage park in Barangay Ibaba in Bagac, Bataan.
Branding itself as Vanguard of Filipino heritage, Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar brings travelers back to the time of Old Manila with its curated collection of Spanish-Filipino houses restored by unique Filipino craftsmanship.
The private resort was built by art collector and architect Jose Rizalino Acuzar who brought heritage houses from all over the Philippines and restored them brick by brick on Bataan land which now serves as a sanctuary for these historic architectural legacies.
The resort website describes the houses: “Each casa comes from an elite and notable accesoria that has its own story to tell.”
The stories of how Filipino craftsmanship restored the houses are retold in the interactive heritage tour which takes the visitor through various “bahay na bato (stone houses)” and museums celebrating the culture and lifestyle of a bygone era.
The private resort also offers modern amenities amidst the historical setting for the convenience of travelers who can choose to stay for the day tour, an overnight stay, or a staycation weekend in an events and convention venue that exhibits the Philippines’ cultural heritage.
This Bagac Bataan beach resort is also the Asia Awards of Excellence winner for Asia’s most excellent destination for 2017.
Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar is touted as the only property in the Philippines to be part of Historic Hotels Worldwide. It is also included in the Conde Nast Johansens Luxury Global Collection and Peninsula Hotel’s Pencities Luxe Guide.

domain: travel


text:
Guided ski tours are available under the motto "power snow, sun, adventure".
The skiing equipment such as touring skis and furs are provided on request. Under the expert guidance of a ski guide, serveral tours are ideal for ski fans of medium skills and good condition.
You can get detailed information at the skischools, at the mountain guides, at Natursport Tirol and RocknSnow Alpine Guiding.
Please take notice of the avalanche warning signs!
Avalanche warning service: Current avalanche situation reports from the beginning of the season on our Homepage: https://lawine.report/bulletin/latest
Further informationHomepage: http://www.tux.at/winter/winter-aktiv/skitourentipps.html
Destination address for the tourist information:
A-6293 Tux, Lanersbach 401
Plan your route online:
The airports at Innsbruck, Salzburg and Munich are between 90 and 230 km from Tux-Finkenberg.

domain: hobby


What is a circular saw for wood?
To choose a circular saw on the tree, you should start with its essence. This tool is a cross between a simple electronic jigsaw and a chainsaw that can cut thick tree trunks.
The equipment is intended for use both in work of professionals and in house conditions. The cuts are accurate and fast. The lines with the help of the presented technique are straight and can be produced in the wood of various thickness.
Circular saw blades cut out the wood in various configurations. This equipment can cut a variety of decorative elements on the material, but the duration of work on it will be higher than that of a low-powered jigsaw.
Comparing the work of the presented equipment with the principle of operation of the chainsaw, it should be noted the greater accuracy of the circulation. powerful equipment designed for rough cutting. With circular saws, neat cuts can be made.
Considerations deserve the constituent elements of such a tool as a circular saw for wood. How to choose the most optimal model, experts suggest.
Engine power determines the performance of the entire mechanism. The higher it is, the thicker the board it is possible to cut with this equipment. The diameter of the knives used for a tool such as circular saws for wood depends on the power. Their price depends on this indicator.
Circulation weight will also be higher with more equipment power. Therefore, before making a selection of circular saws, it is necessary to determine the amount of work to be done. Overpaying for more power that will not be used is not worth it.
One of the main parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing a manual circular saw for an electric type of tree is the number of revolutions. It would be more correct to choose equipment with the ability to control this indicator. Such a function will allow producing a better cut at an optimal level of load on the equipment.
Circular saws must have protective electronics functions. It will help protect both the equipment and the operator in emergencies at work. There must be a random launch lock.
It will be useful to evaluate the appearance of the equipment upon purchase. It is very convenient to use an additional handle. The material of the product itself must be durable, able to withstand the load and mechanical stress.
Depending on the price, circular saws for wood are distinguished by a clean assembly. Balancing should be comfortable, handles should not slide. It will allow you to hold the equipment in your hands firmly.
Types of equipment by functionality.
Among circular saws, there are several basic varieties.
The mini-circular saw is the first type of tool presented. It is portable equipment equipped with an electric motor. It is a handy tool for small and medium-sized work.
The fixed type of circular saws for wood has support. It is located on the saw. In contrast to the mini-saw blade, the engine of such equipment is located under the support and is launched from the fixed network using a cord.
The third type of instrument is the accumulator circulation. It is a relatively common type of equipment.
Another variation is a miter saw. It has a simple design with a handle with a start button, a work unit, and a saw blade.
The manual electric disk saw on a tree assumes a cut both in the flat plane, and inclined. To do this, use the plate for support and pins. An eccentric system is attached to them. The pin allows the equipment to be kept at an angle of typically 45˚. Some models allow you to set a slope of 60˚. The slope is made only to the right side. On the left is usually the engine.
It is possible to set the level of immersion of the saw in the material. The mechanism fixes the equipment on a fixed axis. It is located in front of the support.
One of the most popular devices is a protective cover. At the top, the protection is mobile, and at the bottom. fixed. From the latter, you can remove sawdust with a vacuum cleaner.
The wire must be protected by durable rubber insulation. Batteries should be used only when necessary, for example, in a type of equipment such as a mini circular saw.
Types depending on power.
Depending on the power, there are three types:
- The electric motor of the circulating saw has a power of 800 to 1200 W. The thickness of the cut with this tool will be about 45 mm. For them, suitable discs with a diameter of 160 mm These are the cheapest types of equipment presented. Most often used at home.
- The tool is equipped with an average power motor of about 1800 watts. The depth of the cut reaches 60 mm. It is a semi-professional circular saw. 190-200 mm reaches the diameter of its knives.
- The most productive type of instrument, the engine of which has a capacity of more than 2000 watts. Disks of such circular saws are used from 190 to 350 mm in diameter. Most often, the tool is attached to the workbench. These are the professional, powerful saws having the greatest cost.
Knives for saws differ in different technical indicators. Disks are usually divided into types. for wood and similar materials, for metal.
In wood cutting discs, teeth are inclined in the direction of travel. The more of them on the parts, the more accurate and accurate will be the cutting itself. Otherwise, the cut will turn out to be rough and torn.
A manual electric circular saw on the tree, which will be used for cutting fiberboard, boards will require a type of knife with many teeth (about 100 pcs.). To cut a tree that has many knots, you should choose a reinforced disc with 24 cutting edges.
Marking knives consists of two numbers. The first characterizes its diameter, and the second. the diameter of the landing rod. Drives with a lower rate than that provided by the saw should not be installed on the equipment. Otherwise, between the part and the casing, there will be a space where the hand can accidentally fall.
Working with blunt knives is hard enough, and the engine is subjected to a greater load. Therefore, over time, you will need to sharpen a circular saw on wood.
Initially, the teeth with a unique tool bred. Sharpening circular saws on the tree are made initially from the rear surface of the teeth and then process the front row.
The beginning of the work should be marked with a marker. Each tooth should be sharpened as many times and with the same effort as the first one.
After the manipulation of the disk is subject to verification. The trial cut is carried out. If there are extraneous noises, an uneven feed of the beam, this is a sign of the height of the teeth. It can be checked by bringing the marker to the cutting surface. After turning the knife, you need to inspect it and identify the irregularities in the sharpening.
Specialist reviews about wood saws.
Circular saws for wood, the price of which is slightly lower than that of their foreign counterparts, are produced by domestic manufacturers. For example, the Russian firm Interskol produces a wide range of models of circular saws for wood.
The Russian company Interskol has established itself well in the market for equipment for cutting wood. It is one of the most famous domestic manufacturers whose products are distributed not only in our country but also abroad. The relatively low price of equipment makes it attractive to consumers.
Among the advantages with which the circular saw on the Interskol tree is endowed, durability, excellent ergonomics of the models, as well as the quality of the actions performed with it should be noted.
A wide range of equipment parameters (depth of cut, power, and functionality) will help you choose a tool for a variety of needs in the cutting of wood.
The existing additional functions of circular saws of the presented company will allow giving comfort when handling this equipment.
The equipment for cutting wood of the presented company is produced for both domestic and professional use.
It should also be noted that there is a blockage when the engine is overloaded, which sometimes can save the equipment from damage. Controls the functions of the electronics system.
Is one of the most well-known companies. The quality of its products is widely known in our country and around the world. Therefore, the durability and quality of work on this tool can be guaranteed.
Additional functions saws.
Manufacturers sometimes provide additional functions to ensure the most comfortable work with such a tool.
Among the most common additions, the following should be noted:
- A manual circular saw for wood can be immersed in the material. It allows cutting from the middle of the sheet.
- The adjustment of the rotational speed occurs in two types. mechanical and electronic. It will allow smooth, neat cuts on various materials.
- Increases safety function of sharp braking of a disk of a saw.
- The functions that enhance safety should also include a smooth start knife. Often this feature is found in powerful professional saws.
- The accuracy of the cut is enhanced by the built-in laser marking and illumination.
For saws on a tree with a powerful engine, the possibility of their fixing on the surface is provided, which will allow for cutting large volumes of material.
To avoid accidents during the handling of the tool, it is necessary to follow the safety measures provided by the manufacturer of equipment such as a circular saw for wood.
- The material must be securely fastened on a stable surface.
- It is strictly forbidden to turn the tool upside down when it is running.
- Use only discs of the appropriate type and size.
- It is forbidden to clamp the power button through unforeseen manufacturers.
- Work only in protective glasses.
If all the presented rules and recommendations are followed, the work will be of high quality and safe on such equipment as a circular saw on wood. How to choose the presented tool? You will be helped by knowledge of their existing types and characteristics. Observing all the requirements when working on the presented equipment, there is no doubt about the safety and durability of the equipment.


|Publication number||US6449478 B1|
|Application number||US 09/306,562|
|Publication date||Sep 10, 2002|
|Filing date||May 6, 1999|
|Priority date||May 6, 1999|
|Publication number||09306562, 306562, US 6449478 B1, US 6449478B1, US-B1-6449478, US6449478 B1, US6449478B1|
|Inventors||Eric Valentine, Lee Davidson|
|Original Assignee||Ericsson Inc.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (7), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to telecommunications systems and methods for connecting calls through a satellite network, and specifically to monitoring delay time from connecting calls over a satellite network.
Cellular telecommunications is one of the fastest growing and most demanding telecommunications applications ever. Today it represents a large and continuously increasing percentage of all new telephone subscriptions around the world. A standardization group, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), was established in 1982 to formulate the specifications for mobile cellular radio systems.
With reference now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is illustrated a GSM Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), such as cellular network 10, which in turn is composed of a plurality of areas 12, each with a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 14 and an integrated Visitor Location Register (VLR) 16 therein. The MSC/VLR areas 12, in turn, include a plurality of Location Areas (LA) 18, which are defined as that part of a given MSC/VLR area 12 in which a Mobile Station (MS) 20 may move freely without having to send update location information to the MSC/VLR area 12 that controls the LA 18. Each Location Area 12 is divided into a number of cells 22. MS 20 is the physical equipment, e.g., a car phone or other portable phone, used by mobile subscribers to communicate with the cellular network 10, each other, and users outside the subscribed network, both wireline and wireless.
The MSC 14 is in communication with at least one Base Station Controller (BSC) 23, which, in turn, is in contact with at least one Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 24. The BTS 24 is the physical equipment, illustrated for simplicity as a radio tower, that provides radio coverage to the geographical part of the cell 22 for which it is responsible. It should be understood that the BSC 23 may be connected to several BTSs 24, and may be implemented as a stand-alone node or integrated with the MSC 14. In either event, the BSC 23 and BTS 24 components, as a whole, are generally referred to as a Base Station System (BSS) 25.
With further reference to FIG. 1, the PLMN Service Area or cellular network 10 includes a Home Location Register (HLR) 26, which is a database maintaining all subscriber information, e.g., user profiles, current location information, International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) numbers, and other administrative information. The HLR 26 may be co-located with a given MSC 14, integrated with the MSC 14, or alternatively can service multiple MSCs 14, the latter of which is illustrated in FIG. 1.
The VLR 16 is a database containing information about all of the MSs 20 currently located within the MSC/VLR area 12. If an MS 20 roams into a new MSC/VLR area 12, the VLR 16 connected to that MSC 14 will request data about that MS 20 from the HLR database 26 (simultaneously informing the HLR 26 about the current location of the MS 20). Accordingly, if the user of the MS 20 then wants to make a call, the local VLR 16 will have the requisite identification information without having to reinterrogate the HLR 26. In the aforedescribed manner, the VLR and HLR databases 16 and 26, respectively, contain various subscriber information associated with a given MS 20.
It should be understood that the aforementioned system 10, illustrated in FIG. 1, is a terrestrially-based system. In addition to the terrestrially-based systems, there are a number of satellite systems, which work together with the terrestrially-based systems to provide cellular telecommunications to a wider network of subscribers. This is due to the fact that the high altitude of the satellite makes the satellite visible (from a radio perspective) from a wider area on the earth. The higher the satellite, the larger the area that the satellite can communicate with.
Within a satellite-based network 205, as shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings, a system of satellites 200 in orbit are used to provide communication between MSs 20 and a satellite-adapted Base Station System (SBSS) 220, which is connected to an MSC 14. The MS 20 communicates via one of the satellites 200 using a radio air interface, for instance, based on the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The satellite 200 in turn communicates with one or more SBSSs 220, which consist of equipment for communicating with the satellites 200 and through the satellites 200 to the MSs 20. The antennae and satellite tracking part of the system is the Radio Frequency Terminal (RFT) subsystem 230, which also provides for the connection of the communication path to the satellite 200.
There are currently three different types of satellite systems in place, each having satellites at a different orbit. One type of satellite system is a geostationary (GEO) satellite system, in which the GEO satellites orbit at 36,000 kilometers (km). GEO satellites are often used today for transmission between switches, such as on transatlantic routes. Another type of satellite system is a mid-earth orbit (MEO) system, such as the ICO Global Communications network, in which the MEO satellites orbit at around 10,000 km. The last type of satellite system is a low-earth orbit (LEO) system, such as the Irridium system, in which the LEO satellites orbit at around 100-1,000 km.
During any given call, a number of satellite “hops” or connections may be made in order to efficiently complete the call. For example, if a calling MS 20 is located in Asia, while the called MS 20 is located in the United States, there may be several satellite hops involved because the same satellite 200 would not be able to cover both Asia and the United States. In making a decision as to whether to route the call via satellite 200 or through normal trunk lines, a switch, such as an MSC 14, that has received the call typically considers the traffic load, the call type cost for use of the link (satellite or trunk) and the amount of delay that has already accumulated in the call up to that point. The majority of this delay may be due to previous satellite hops. This is due to the fact that each time a call is routed through a satellite 200, there is a resulting propagation delay in the signal. If the accumulated delay is minimal, the MSC 14 may choose to route the call via a satellite 200. However, if the accumulated delay is large, the MSC 14 may decide to route the call through normal trunk lines in order to maintain signal quality.
In order to enable switches to make routing decisions, this delay information is transmitted to the switches in a satellite hop counter field of an Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) message. The ISUP message is used to establish connections between switches during call setup. Currently, the satellite hop counter field is incremented based upon the number of GEO satellite hops, in which each hop presupposes a 250 millisecond (ms) delay. Applying the same incrementation method to LEO and MEO satellite hops incorrectly identifies the delay. For example, the Irridium network has the capability to switch traffic between satellites, and thus, several satellite hops may be involved, even though only one satellite hop is recorded.
In addition, a typical MEO delay is approximately 67 ms. It is unclear whether this delay should be counted as a one or as a zero. If it is counted as a zero, and there are four MEO satellite hops in the connection, which is the equivalent of a GEO delay, the counter will not indicate any delay, which is clearly inaccurate. However, if the delay is counted, the counter will indicate a delay of over one second for the four hops, which is also inaccurate. In either case, routing decisions will be made based upon inaccurate delay information.
Furthermore, the satellite hop counter field has been used to generically indicate a delay in the call. This delay can be caused by things other than a satellite hop. For example, Digital Speech Processors within the MSs 20 can cause a delay. Thus, the satellite hop counter may be incremented by one, even if no satellites have been used to make the connection. Therefore, important routing decisions may be made based upon inaccurate and misleading delay information.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a more accurate measurement of the cumulative path delay present in a call to enable switches to make an informed decision as to the routing method to use.
The present invention is directed to telecommunications systems and methods for providing a more accurate measurement of the cumulative path delay present in a call to enable switches to make an informed decision as to the routing method to use. In one embodiment, the ISUP satellite hop counter field is expanded to include three fields, one for each type of delay: GEO satellite hops, MEO satellite hops and LEO satellite hops. In an alternative embodiment, a cumulative delay value in milliseconds or centiseconds, instead of the number of satellite hops, can be included in the expanded ISUP satellite hop counter field.
The disclosed invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show important sample embodiments of the invention and which are incorporated in the specification hereof by reference, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional terrestrially-based wireless telecommunications system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional satellite network;
FIG. 3 illustrates a conventional satellite hop counter field in an ISUP message;
FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an expanded satellite hop counter field containing the number of satellite.hops per orbit type in order to provide more accurate delay information in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention;
FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an alternative embodiment of the present invention, in which actual estimated delay information is included within the expanded satellite hop counter field;
FIG. 6 illustrates a sample call connection process using the information within the expanded satellite hop counter field; and
FIG. 7 illustrates the steps for implementing the sample call connection shown in FIG. 6.
The numerous innovative teachings of the present application will be described with particular reference to the presently preferred exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that this class of embodiments provides only a few examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily delimit any of the various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others.
In order to establish a call connection between a calling party and a called party, an Integrated Services Digital Network User Part (ISUP) message is transmitted between switches, such as Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs), to establish trunk or satellite connections between the switches. Each time the ISUP message reaches a new switch in the network, that switch must determine the best possible path for routing the call. Call routing is a tradeoff between cost and quality. Cost is typically dependent upon agreements between carriers. However, quality depends largely on the amount of propagation delay, or the lack thereof, that the call has experienced so far. In many cases, the majority of the delay is directly related to the number of satellite hops (or satellite circuits) in the connection. Therefore, satellite hop counter information is typically included in the ISUP message.
With reference now to FIG. 3 of the drawings, a sample structure of an octet 255 of an ISUP message, which has a satellite hop counter field 257 therein, is shown. As can be seen, bits A and B provide the satellite hop counter information 257, while bits C-H provide additional information not related to the satellite hop counter information 257. There are four possible designations of the combination of bits A and B, depending upon whether bits A and B have a “1” or a “0” associated therewith. For example, if bits A and B are both set to zero, then there is not a satellite circuit in the connection, and thus the connection delay is minimal. However, if bits A and B are both set to one, then there are three or more satellite circuits in the connection, and thus a significant delay is present in the connection.
As stated before, the satellite hop counter 257 is incremented each time a satellite hop is encountered, regardless of the type of satellite network used, e.g., geostationary (GEO), low-earth orbit (LEO) or mid-earth orbit (MEO). When the switch receives the satellite hop counter field 257, an assumption is made that each satellite hop is a GEO satellite hop, which indicates a delay of 250 milliseconds (ms). However, with the increased usage of MEO and LEO satellite networks, this assumption is no longer correct, resulting in inaccurate delay information. Therefore, the switch may route the message over trunk lines even though a satellite connection could have been used. In many cases, satellite connections can provide a more cost-effective routing path because the satellite connection may bypass intermediate service providers. Thus, routing the call over trunk lines may increase the cost of the call.
Therefore, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the satellite hop counter field 257 in the ISUP message can be expanded to include a more accurate measurement of the cumulative path delay present in a call to enable switches to make an informed decision as to the routing method to use. In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B of the drawings, the ISUP satellite hop counter field 257 is expanded to include an additional octet 258, containing three additional fields. The first octet 255 corresponds to the octet 255 shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings. However, only the A bit is now used as a satellite delay indicator 256 to indicate whether or not satellite delay information is available. The B bit becomes a spare bit. Thus, if the A bit is set to zero, then no satellite delay information is present, and the switch would not need to look for the second octet 258. However, if the A bit is set to one, then satellite delay information is present, and the switch would need to look for the second octet 258 to obtain the delay information.
If the second octet 258 is included (delay information is present), the switch can more accurately determine the delay by examining the designation of “1” or “0” in each of the bits A-H. Bits A-C constitute a LEO field 251, which indicates the number of LEO satellite hops present in the connection, bits D-E constitute a MEO field 252, which indicates the number of MEO satellite hops and bits F-H constitute a GEO field 253, which represents the number of GEO satellite hops present in the connection. When the number of LEO satellite hops becomes seven or more, bits A, B and C of the LEO field 251 are all set to one. Once the number of LEO satellite hops reaches the equivalent of a MEO satellite hop, which is usually around ten LEO satellite hops, the LEO field 251 is zeroed (bits A-C are set to zero), and the MEO field 252 is incremented by one. Once the number of MEO satellite hops reaches the equivalent of a GEO satellite hop, which is approximately three or four MEO satellite hops, the MEO satellite field 252 is zeroed (bits D and E are set to zero), and the GEO field 253 is incremented by one.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B of the drawings, the expanded satellite hop counter field 257 can be supplemented with a cumulative delay value 254, instead of the number of satellite hops. The cumulative delay value 254 is a measurement of the estimated in-path delay in milliseconds or centiseconds. Thus, the first octet 255 remains identical to the one described in the satellite hop counter embodiment, in which bit A is the satellite delay indicator 256, which indicates whether satellite delay information is present, and bit B becomes a spare bit. However, in the second octet 258, an actual estimate of. the delay present 254 is given by using as many bits (A-H) as are necessary. For example, if there is one MEO satellite hop and one GEO satellite hop in the connection, the delay estimate 254 would be 317 ms.
With reference now to FIG. 6 of the drawings, which will be described in connection with the steps listed in FIG. 7 of the drawings, a sample call routing process using the new expanded satellite hop counter information is shown. When a calling MS 20 a within a satellite network 205 places a call to a called MS 20 b, the calling MS 20 a transmits a call setup message 240, including a Called Party Number (CPN), to a serving originating Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 14 a (step 700). Upon receipt of the call setup message 240, the originating MSC 14 a analyzes the CPN, and accesses it's routing tables to identify the circuits (satellite or trunk) to use to route the call with the least number of hops (satellite or trunk) (step 710).
Since there is no delay present at this point in the call (step 720), the originating MSC 14 a routes the call without considering the delay (step 730) and generates a first Initial Address Message (IAM) 250 a without delay information (step 735). The IAM 250 a is the initial ISUP message used in establishing a circuit connection for the call. Since there is no delay, in the first octet 255, as shown in detail in FIGS. 4A and 5A , bit A is set to zero to indicate that no satellite delay information is present. Thereafter, this first IAM 250 a is transmitted to Switch-A (step 760), which will provide the first voice connection in the call. In this example, Switch-A is not the final destination for the call (step 760). Instead, Switch-A is simply a tandem, used as an intermediate switch to reach the final destination. Switch-A may be another MSC or a local exchange within the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
When Switch-A receives the first IAM 250 a from the originating MSC 14 a, Switch-A analyzes the CPN, and accesses it's routing tables to determine the best path to use to route the call to the final destination (step 710). Since there is no satellite delay information present based upon the information in the first octet 255 and the fact that the previous hop from MSC 14 a to Switch-A did not produce any additional delay (step 720), Switch-A can determine the best path without considering the delay (step 730). In this example, Switch-A decides to route the call over a MEO satellite 200 a to Switch-B. Therefore, Switch-A generates a second IAM 250 b, which does not include delay information (step 735), and transmits this second IAM 250 b to Switch-B via the MEO satellite 200 a (step 760).
When Switch-B receives the second TAM 250 b (step 760), and Switch-B realizes that it is not the final destination (step 770), Switch-B must also analyze the CPN, and access it's routing tables and determine how best to route the call (step 710). Since delay is now present in the call (step 720), and this delay is due to the previous MEO satellite 200 a hop (step 740), the MEO satellite 200 a hop delay information must be added to the delay information (step 745), and considered when deciding how to route the call (step 750). In this example, Switch-B decides that routing the call over trunk lines to Switch-C would be the most efficient routing method, since there is already some delay present in the call. Therefore, when Switch-B generates a third IAM 250 c to Switch-C, this third TAM 250 c contains delay information (step 755).
For example, in the first octet 255, bit A (as illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 5A) can be set to one, and the second octet 258 can be generated according to either FIG. 4B or 5B. If the second octet 258 indicates the number of satellite hops, as shown in FIG. 4B, Switch-B sets the MEO field 252 in the second octet 258 to indicate that the number of MEO satellite hops is one. Alternatively, if the second octet 258 indicates the accumulated delay 254, as shown in FIG. 5B, Switch-B sets the second octet 258 to indicate a delay 254 of approximately 67 ms.
Upon receiving the third IAM 250 c (step 760), since Switch-C is not the final destination (step 770), Switch-C analyzes the CPN and accesses it's routing tables to determine the routing possibilities (step 710). Switch-C also examines the satellite delay information bit in the first octet 255, and determines that delay is present in the connection (step 720). Thereafter, Switch-C looks for the second octet 258 to determine the amount of delay present. Since the previous hop did not produce any additional delay (step 740), Switch-C only considers the delay indicated in the third IAM 250 c to determine how to route the call (step 750). In this example, Switch-C determines that the best routing possibility is to route the call over a LEO satellite 200 b to Switch-D. Therefore, Switch-C must generate a fourth IAM 250 d that includes the same delay information as that indicated in the third IAM 250 c in the second octet 258 (step 755).
When Switch-D receives the fourth IAM 250 d (step 760), since Switch-D is not the final destination (step 770), and there is significant delay present in the call (step 720), Switch-D concludes that due to the accumulated delay in the path, the best routing method is to route the call to a destination MSC 14 b via trunk lines (step 750). Since the previous hop produced additional delay (step 740), this additional amount is added to the existing delay in the second octet (step 745) prior to choosing the appropriate routing method for the call (step 750). In addition, when generating the fifth IAM 250 e, Switch-D includes this additional delay information in the second octet (step 755). For example, for the satellite hop counter octet 258, as shown in FIG. 4B, Switch-D updates the LEO field 251 in second octet 258 to indicate that one LEO satellite hop and maintains the MEO field 252 in the second octet 258 to indicate that one MEO satellite hop has been encountered in the connection. For the actual delay estimate octet 258, the delay value 254 is increased to include the delay not only for the MEO satellite hop, but also for the LEO satellite hop.
When the destination MSC 14 b receives the fifth IAM 250 e (step 760), the destination MSC 14 b realizes that the called MS 20 b is located within the area covered by the satellite network 205 b associated with the destination MSC 14 b (step 770). Thereafter, the destination MSC 14 b pages the called MS 20 b over, for example, a GEO satellite 200 c. When the called MS 20 b responds to the page, the destination MSC 14 b establishes a call connection between the called MS 20 b and the calling MS 20 a (step 780). Speech and/or data between the calling MS 20 a and called MS 20 b are transmitted through the voice circuit connection established between the originating MSC 14 a and the destination MSC 14 b via Switches A-D and the various trunk and satellite connections.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the innovative concepts described in the present application can be modified and varied over a wide range of applications. Accordingly, the scope of patented subject matter should not be limited to any of the specific exemplary teachings discussed, but is instead defined by the following claims.
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|U.S. Classification||455/430, 455/427, 455/428|
|International Classification||H04B7/185, H04Q7/24|
|Cooperative Classification||H04B7/1856, H04B7/18521|
|European Classification||H04B7/185F, H04B7/185M10B|
|May 6, 1999||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: ERICSSON INC., NORTH CAROLINA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VALENTINE, ERIC;DAVIDSON, LEE;REEL/FRAME:009944/0185
Effective date: 19990503
|Feb 18, 2003||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Mar 10, 2006||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 10, 2010||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 10, 2014||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


Christina Bossinakis speaks with trainer Efren Loza Jr., who gives insight on how Fear the Cowboy has been training, how he came out of his latest stakes victory and his reaction to the post position draw.
Chad Brown explains to Christina Bossinakis why Stellar Wind's work was moved to Saturday and his choice in her workmate Mask. The Eclipse Award-winning trainer said the mare was full of herself after her final move for the Pegasus World Cup Invitational at Gulfstream Park on January 27th, 2018.
As Stellar Wind prepares to make her first start for Chad Brown, the Eclipse Award-winning trainer tells Christina Bossinakis the mare has progressively gotten fitter and stronger with each of her works. Brown also said he feels very good in his choice of a rider --Joel Rosario -- for Stellar Wind's engagement in the Pegasus World Cup at Gulfstream Park on January 27th, 2018.


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