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Arduous – Walking segments include trail and non-trail portions. Non-trail portions are steep, very rocky (bowling ball size rocks), and include a fair amount of side hill walking. Elevation ranges from 3550 ft. at the mouth of Mann Gulch to 4800 ft. at the top of the ridge between Mann Gulch and Rescue Gulch. From the mouth of Mann Gulch to the last stand is approximately 2 miles one way.
Moderate/Difficult – Adjacent to Interstate 15, north of Helena, Montana. Helena has a good amount of overnight accommodations. Because of the time involved to do the staff ride Helena is a good place to start and end the day. Snow and weather allows access from around mid-April to the end of October. Access to the site is typically by boat on the Missouri River arranged through the Gates of the Mountains, Inc. Gates of the Mountains runs boats daily in June, July, and August, but those tours do not generally stop at the mouth of Mann Gulch, so advance arrangements must be made. Gates of the Mountains, Inc. runs boats on a more limited schedule in September. Special arrangements can be made outside of those months. Mann Gulch can also be accessed from Willow Creek starting off on trail #260 or the boat ramp at Meriwether Gulch. Both of these access points require additional time to access Mann Gulch and would require significant planning on how to conduct the Staff Ride. Plans to access through Willow Creek Trail should be coordinated with Helena NF. This route is not always assured available.
Possible Hazards and Risks
Rocky and difficult terrain and footing
Use caution and wear appropriate footwear
Exposure to sun and possible high temperatures
Use sunblock , wear a hat, suitable clothing
Sunglasses, drinking water
Possible rain, snow, low temperatures
Transportation and work in and around moving vehicles
Watch footing and avoid reaching under rocks and brush
Ticks (mostly April – June)
Check your entire body for ticks as soon as you can after the staff ride
Wear hardhats and visually assess tree hazards; watch for hikers above, yell to alert if you kick rocks loose
Transportation by boat shuttle to Mann Gulch
Wear personal flotation device and follow instructions from boat crew
Poor radio and cell phone communications
You have to be on the ridge top to reach repeaters and get cell service
Consider and plan for your needs for medical support in this remote location.
Letter to Facilitators from the Mann Gulch Staff Ride Development Team:
Dear Mann Gulch Staff Ride Facilitators;
Those of you who have lead or participated in Staff Rides before know what a great learning experience lays ahead, and we encourage all of you – veterans and newcomers alike - to prepare by opening your minds and allowing yourselves as much as possible to put your feet in the boots of the Mann Gulch fire fighters and managers on August 5th, 1949. This letter will provide you some information for better understanding how we have organized the following Facilitator Instruction Material, and also include some of our own lessons learned for making this Mann Gulch Staff Ride work well.
We have attempted to provide support and flexibility in the materials provided here. By all means, make it your own. You should find a great deal of support in the Facilitators Support and Maps Tabs of the Mann Gulch Staff Ride Website. We have included several photos that might benefit participants at each stand. We recommend printing and laminating TDG plans and supporting documents, photos and maps to include in a notebook with your Facilitator Instructional Materials. If you are planning your Staff Ride for a large group of people, we have found the Incident Command System to be a helpful organizing tool. The sample Incident Action Plan found in the Facilitator Support Tab may be a helpful tool as well. If using the IAP, please remember to update/validate that the important information is current.
Make sure you review the Wildland Fire Staff Ride Guide and remember that it is only a Staff Ride if it has these three elements: Preliminary Study, Field Study, and Integration. We also suggest that during your Field Study portion you include these three components at each stand:
1.) Orient the Ground: Point out the terrain features important to the historical events at that stand. Make sure to explain what would have looked different during the historical event than it does now.
2.) Present the Background Information: What was planned, what really happened and any other issues significant to your objectives. One way to have participants themselves present some of this information is to have them do the “Person of Interest” (POI) assignment described below. (See POI sample letter in Facilitator Support Tab)
3.) Analyze: What can we learn from this historical event to make ourselves better firefighters and managers today? This analysis can be achieved through Tactical Decision Games, through pre-planned Discussion Questions, or simply by letting the group talk about what they are learning after each stand.
Part of our instructions includes a “Person of Interest” (POI) assignment for participants to prepare for while doing their Preliminary Study. We assign each participant a POI who seems like someone they might relate to. For instance, we might ask a current Ranger or FMO participant to study Ranger Jansson; a crew leader to focus on Dodge or Hellman; or a crew member to learn about one of the Mann Gulch smokejumpers - maybe someone who grew up in the same part of the country, is the same age, or has something else in common with them.
We ask participants to learn everything they can about who that person was and what his life was like. Lots of these details can be found under the Information Sources Tab on the website. Personal profiles were compiled for Mann Gulch participants in a document developed by Helena High School students -- High School X-CEL Class Mann Gulch Remembered, 50th Anniversary. This PDF document can be found as well under the Information Sources Tab on the Mann Gulch Staff Ride website.
After studying the assigned Person of Interest (POI), Staff Ride participants are asked to come prepared to tell that person’s story, as best they can, to their Staff Ride group while we stand on the terrain where the historic fire occurred. This assignment has helped to make the Mann Gulch Staff Ride a personal enough experience for our participants that the lessons learned stay with them as they make their own fire line decisions.
As you and your students study the Preliminary materials, you will notice that the survivors’ testimonies and Mann Gulch’s various authors sometimes contradict each other. It is not the goal of a Staff Ride to present a “united front,” or any kind of a “party line.” The interesting complexities and truths lie somewhere among all the story lines. We have striven to be as accurate as possible in our Staff Ride materials, but there are some things that we can never know for sure. As a facilitator, be careful not to let the group get too sidetracked in trying to figure out those unknowns; keep in mind that you are trying to help folks get better at fighting their next fire, not re-fighting the old one.
One technique that will help your participants better understand what happened at Mann Gulch on August 5th, 1949 is to not allow yourself as facilitators, or your Staff Ride participants, to mention anything that happened ahead of the unfolding narrative at each stand. Design your Staff Ride to move like a story, complete with the tension of not knowing what lies around the next corner. If they did their pre-reading they will know many things already about the outcome, but ask them to suspend that knowledge until the Integration. I’ve seen some good humor used by facilitators to cut forward speculation off, and there is no need to be subtle about it! If they goof (and we all do), say something like, “Hey, that’s a good questions to save for the Integration.”
You may also have to cut discussions off at each stand simply because at the end of the day you will have to catch a boat out of Mann Gulch at a certain time. So, make sure as you plan that you divide the time among the stands in a thoughtful way. In our experience Stand 1 is long on Background Information as it’s important to do a good job of setting the stage, and then the amount of time you spend at each following stand can decrease, just as the number of options remaining to the historic firefighters decreased as the day wore on. Stands 5 and 6 will probably need to be longer again, as they address the whole rescue operation and the aftermath of the Mann Gulch Fire.
If you are managing several groups at once, you may find it necessary logistically, to provide fill-in material for occasions when one group has to wait for another to clear an area before you can move to the next stand. “Person of Interest” stories can help make this time productive.
It is your job as facilitators to keep track of your Staff Ride objectives, keep participants moving both physically and mentally, and don’t let the same one or two individuals monopolize the conversations. Otherwise, let those discussions percolate how they will, and don’t try to draw participants towards any grand conclusions or consensus; we want people’s minds to be clicking and/or spinning, and we are not troubled if they have more questions at the end of the day than they did at the beginning.
There needs to be space for disagreement and a whole range of emotion (anger, sadness, etc.). We want participants to frankly discuss where possible mistakes were made, but to remain respectful of the human beings who may have made those mistakes. Suspension of disbelief is important, and we need to remember that they did the best they could with the information and awareness they had that day. If we can get the participants to keep their minds open, and take the events of August 5th, 1949 one hour and minute at a time, you might be surprised by how many of their decisions seem rational to you, given what those firefighters knew at the time.
It is good for participants to get a little sweaty and winded as they traverse this historic route; we all tend to think sharper with a bit of exertion. But don’t let them get moving so fast that they get injured. The terrain is rough and the goal is not to re-run the same race that Sallee and Rumsey did.
Remember, we will be walking on ground where people died and that many consider sacred. It is also a governed as Wilderness Area and appropriate considerations should be taken as such. Please refrain from removing artifacts or damaging natural areas. Photographs should be taken in a professional manner and kept to a reasonable number. Please be sensitive in words and action to the people and places that are included in the Staff Ride, and come prepared to engage honestly in discussions designed for us to continue learning to do our jobs better, and to keep our people alive on future fire grounds.
Mann Gulch Staff Ride Development Crew
Summary of Common Considerations
& Helpful Recommendations
Develop a working copy of the support materials, including this Facilitators Guide. From the Mann Gulch Staff Ride Website, print out and become familiar with the materials found in the Facilitators Support and the Map tabs. (A three ring binder works well for this). Often referenced in the staff ride will be the following important support materials:
Facilitators Reference Guide
Supporting Stand Photos
IAP, JHA, Medical and Communications Plans (critical to update)
Consider the time you have to conduct the staff ride, your audience, and which elements will deserve the most attention for the desired impact. Stand 1 provides the foundation, and the TDG’s, the POI stories, Stands 5 and 6 can be very powerful. Time allowed to visit the markers, following Stand 5 should be provided, as it is frequently the most important element that participants site as connecting the material with the costs. If time is short, consider combining Stands 5 and 6 at the Ridge top.
Rehearse around a sand table or terrain model with your facilitative team. Prior to the staff ride, practice the sequence of events, shoot holes in your delivery and look for areas where confusion is likely, or where things may go wrong.
Read, adjust and practice the TDG’s and understand where the Person of Interest POI assignments fit into the procedures.
Coordinate with critical supporting partners, such as the Helena NF staff and/or the Gates of the Mountains Resort personnel. Depending on the formal nature of the staff ride, and if possible, visit the site with the facilitative team prior to conducting the staff ride.
Finally… solicit feedback from folks that have presented this staff ride before, and seek lessons learned. Make it your own, but feel free to contact personnel from the Wildland Fire Leadership Development Program for further information, or to assist with any questions you may have, or to find further contacts.
Please note: Use of bullets and other formatting devices in this Facilitators Reference Guide to aid in navigation in the document.
STATEGIC DISCUSSION POINTS
Stand 1 – Background & Overview Stand 1 gives an overview of firefighting culture, smokejumping, fuels and weather in August of 1949. This discussion can be held at the Gates of the Mountains boat ramp, but is better done at the mouth of Mann Gulch after jumping off the boat. The clearing near the mouth of Mann Gulch also offers a good place to logistically rally and to place medical equipment (trauma kit) if you have it. The facilitator(s) would do well to consider which location will facilitate the timing of their staff ride.
Collection of Stand Support Photos – Stand 1
TDG #1 handouts for each participant (Handed out following Stand 1 discussion, prior to Stand 2)
The Gates of the Mountains boat launch is approximately 40 minutes from Helena – north on Interstate 15 about 17 miles, take exit 209 for Gates of the Mountains. Turn right at the bottom of the off-ramp for Gates of the Mountains Rd., travel 2.7 miles to Gates of the Mountains Marina.
The boat ride is about 15 minutes downriver. From where you get off the boat, hike up-canyon along an unimproved trail about 100 yards to an opening large enough to hold the group. Stand 1 can be delivered here, if it wasn’t done earlier. (Preferred)
Stand 1WGS84 Datum GPS Coordinates: N 46*52.716’ W 111*54.797’ Terrain Orientation
Gates of the Mountains Wild Area
If at the mouth of Mann Gulch:
10 AM policy – Established by the Forest Service in 1936, this policy stipulated that a fire was to be contained and controlled by 10 AM on the day following the report of a fire, or, failing that goal, controlled by 10 AM the next day, and so on. Often large numbers of resources were immediately mobilized to achieve this goal. Having fires that remained out of control for an extended period of time could reflect poorly on a District Ranger or could even result in a Ranger being fired. A prerequisite to becoming a District Ranger at the time was to have been previously a Fire Control Officer (FCO). (Note: The FCO position evolved into the present day Fire Management Officer (FMO) position.)
Fire culture – The culture of firefighters at the time stressed unquestioning compliance with superior’s orders; it was “shut up and get to work”. A good number of the firefighters were veterans of WWII and brought much in the way of attitudes and culture from their military experience.
Values at risk – Gates of the Mountains area had just been declared a “Wild Area” the year before. Even with that declaration wildland fire use or less than a full suppression strategy was not an option at the time. Meriwether campground was a very popular destination for recreationists at that time with as many as 6000 people visiting per year.
Smokejumper program/culture – At 10 years old the smokejumpers were regarded as a valuable firefighting resource in this era of the 10 AM Policy; however, the program was still considered somewhat experimental. Smokejumpers often were the best resource to staff and gain control of fires in remote areas because they could do so more quickly than others. They were also valued because they were capable, fit, and self-sufficient. Even though the smokejumpers were valued, they generally had much less fire experience than they do now. Most spent a year or two jumping and then went on to other jobs.
Training – In 1949 10/18/LCES did not exist – Firefighters knew that the tail of a fire was a safer location than the head. They also were taught to work close to fire and get into the black if threatened. Safety training for blow-up fire situations was minimal at this time. If endangered by a running fire, smokejumper trainers suggested getting to a ridge or break in fuels and topography, moving along the flank of the fire to safety, or trying to cut through the fire front into a burned area. Finally, and most emphatically, “new man training” for rookie jumpers stressed following the orders of the foreman in charge.
Smokejumpers on board – Nine of the smokejumpers on the airplane headed for Mann Gulch were rookies. For most it was their first fire jump. Four were second season jumpers. Most of the rookies had worked for the Forest Service for only two previous seasons, but not always in primary firefighting jobs. Twelve of the men were veterans from the armed services.
Foreman Wagner “Wag” Dodge – Wag Dodge had been a smokejumper for eight seasons with one previous season working for the Forest Service. He was a quiet individual, not very communicative or expressive, but very handy. When not fighting fire he was most often working around the smokejumper base keeping the facilities and equipment repaired and maintained. None of the rookies had met Wag before.
Squadleader William “Bill” Hellman – Bill had been a smokejumper for four seasons with one previous season working for the Forest Service. He was a sociable individual and was very involved with rookie training.
Seasonal Weather – The 1948 season was cool, wet and had very few fires. 1949 was relatively wet in the late winter and early spring, and then turned to a dry late spring and early summer. The wet early period had resulted in abundant grass growth, which had cured in the hot, dry weather.
Smokejumper interaction – During rookie training rookies were split into 4-man squads and they really only grew to know the other rookies in their squad and their squadleader. Because the fire danger was low in the early season the smokejumper rookies were sent to outlying districts in pairs or as individuals after completing training. This meant that there was little interaction after training with other rookies or the experienced smokejumpers at the base.
Ignition - On August 4th a lightning storm moved though western Montana and on to the east side of the continental divide, starting numerous fires. The Missoula Smokejumper Base began jumping those fires the afternoon of August 4th and was nearly jumped out by mid-day on the 5th. The base did manage to cobble together a load to fill the request to the Helena National Forest however. One individual, Eldon Diettert, was celebrating his 19th birthday that day and was called away from his birthday lunch at home with his family.
District Ranger Robert Jansson was flying detection on the Helena National Forest and ordering resources to fight the fires he and the lookouts were discovering. Of the fires detected on his district he was most concerned about the York Fire which was threatening ranch homes, livestock, about 10 million board feet of timber, and the tremendous scenic and recreation values in Trout Creek Canyon. He was the most experienced person in fire on the forest.
Meriwether Guard Harrison had been a smokejumper the previous season, and then took this guard job because his mother thought that smokejumping was too dangerous. He had already been working the fire and had taken a couple trips over the steep Meriwether ridge before the smokejumpers arrived.
Previous to the Mann Gulch Fire there had been no smokejumpers killed by fire. Between 1939 and 1949 35 people had been killed in fast moving grass fires east of the divide.
The smokejumpers were largely unfamiliar with large fires and with fire behavior east of the divide.
Person of interest is optional at this stand. If done the POI could be District Ranger Robert Jansson (if not doing Stand 6), Meriwether Guard Harrison, Smokejumper Spotter Earl Cooley, any of the rookie smokejumpers excluding Sallee and Rumsey (who are better saved for the end).
Strategic Discussion Points Recurring Questions
In the historical situation what conditions at this point were in the firefighter’s control and what conditions were outside their control?
Given the circumstances at the time, were their actions reasonable? Why or why not?
Today, given current technology and standard operating principles and procedures, how might you handle the very same situation?
What are some of the factors influencing the smokejumpers decision to jump and initial attack this fire that you think contributed to a higher potential for a bad outcome to take place?
What are some of the factors that influence the decision to initial attack fire in this day and age that could contribute to a higher potential for a bad outcome?
What are some things that can be done to mitigate those factors and thus lower the potential for them to contribute to a bad outcome?
What are some of the leadership and crew cohesion challenges faced by the smokejumpers on board the C-47 headed for Mann Gulch?
What are some leadership and/or crew cohesion challenges you have faced?
Can you describe any specific bad consequences that occurred because of these leadership and/or crew cohesion challenges? Alternately, can you describe what you or your crew did to resolve these leadership and/or crew cohesion challenges?
This would be a good time to hand out copies of TDG #1 (next page) to participants, if you are going to use it. If you are doing Stand 6, then it would be best to address Jansson there, on the way back down from the ridge top. Stand 6 is performed at the Harry T. Gisborne Memorial site. You will pass it enroute to Stand 2.
Mann Gulch Fire Staff Ride Tactical Decision Game #1 Location
TDG to be handed out at the end of Stand 1 and done at Stand 2, so that participants have some time to think about this one enroute.
The time is the present, and 5PM on a hot August day. Like Harrison, you were the first to arrive on the fire and it is burning on your district ground. You will be the IC, at least to start with. At this point you have scouted the fire and surrounding area, put in a bit of scratch line, and been taking periodic weather readings. The fire is behaving as it did historically, approximately 60 acres, with flames that make it impossible to get closer than 100 feet from the burning edge. However, you have modern tools and protocols at your disposal. A ten-person crew meets you, where we stand. They have just come down from a helicopter shuttle. This is the first time you’ve been able to establish communication with the crew, and get your radio channels right, so you take care of that first.
Now you have two minutes to write down the most important things you think about the current situation and to prepare a briefing for the crew. No talking, please.
Stand 2 – Briefing Overlook Support Material
Collection of Stand Support Photos – Stand 2
TDG #1 handout
Incident Response Pocket Guide
Photo of spot fire below, cutting access to river – Facilitator Support tab
Stand 2 WGS84 Datum GPS Coordinates: N 46*53.149’ W 111*53.703’
From the mouth of Mann Gulch hike about one mile up canyon on the trail. Along the way, you pass Stand 1A/5A – Jansson’s Turnaround Spot (optional Stand located near Gisborne’s memorial plaque). Follow the trail to the next memorial markers, as it leaves the drainage bottom to the left (north). Stand 2 takes place on an open grass bench around the top of the lower third of the slope (south aspect).
NOTE: This stand is not located at a historically important location; rather it is a good vantage point to see a number of important spots.
General orientation of Mann Gulch (Note the orientation of the canyon: alignment with prevailing winds, the effect of solar heating on different aspects as the day progresses, box canyon effect.)
The Jump Spot (up canyon, on a flatter area below ridge)
Cargo Spot (nearer to drainage and Stand 1 than to Jump Spot)
The Fire Location (across drainage to the south, on top of the ridge dividing Mann Gulch and Meriwether Canyon)
The location where Dodge and Harrison rejoined the crew (across the drainage, approximately 100 yards up the slope).
Stand 2 – Background Information
The vegetation of Mann gulch has changed significantly between 1949 and now, mostly as the result of the fires of 1949 and 2007. The relative locations of timber and grass during the 1949 fire must be considered to properly understand the actions of the firefighters that day. There was significantly more timber along the south aspect in 1949 than is visible now, arranged in thick stringers. These fuels are shown well in the historical photos in the gallery. The grass in the gulch was affected by a wet season in 1948 and early 1949, and possibly by the recent designation as a wild area with limited grazing.
The jump ship arrived over the fire around 3:10 PM. While in the aircraft the Spotter and Foreman conducted a recon of the fire. At this point it was judged to be about 60 acres. It had burned to the top of the ridge between Mann and Meriwether Gulches, with considerable backing down slope into Mann Gulch. The winds were northeast, carrying the fire along the ridge top. From his airplane vantage point, Spotter Earl Cooley stated that they assessed the fire as “not appearing dangerous..... confined with no indications of spotting or crowning;” and that it’s “rate of spread would reduce throughout the evening” (Dodge); and “would be mostly mop-up work'” (Rumsey).
They picked a jump spot across the gulch ½ mile away up canyon and 500 feet lower in elevation than the fire. Wind streamers indicated the wind was about 10 mph straight up canyon. The air had been turbulent all the way from Missoula and continued to be during smokejumping operations, causing several jumpers to become airsick. The turbulence made for hard landings for some of the jumpers. Dodge was banged up and needed minor medical attention at the jump spot. The cargo landed scattered. The parachute on the crew’s radio failed to deploy and the radio was destroyed. The jump and cargo operations were completed by 4:10 PM, and the airplane returned to Missoula.
This was the first fire jump for several of the smokejumpers. As with today’s rookies, they may have been more focused on their first operational jump than on the fire’s behavior.
Around 5:00 PM, after gathering the cargo, Dodge went across the gulch for a meeting with Harrison, who had yelled down to the crew. Dodge instructed Hellman to follow him with the crew after they had gotten a quick bite to eat. They were to bring food, water, and tools. Dodge and Harrison met at a point near the head of the fire, upslope from the drainage bottom on the south side of the gulch. The fuels on this north aspect between the men and the fire were dense with timber reproduction.
When Hellman brought the crew across to join them, Dodge and Harrison came down and met the crew at a point about 100 yards up from the bottom. Dodge assessed the situation on this flank near the head as unsafe. Around 5:20 PM he instructed Hellman to take the crew back north across the drainage to this Stand’s location, and then to go down the gulch towards the Missouri River on the north side of the canyon. Dodge and Harrison continued back to the cargo spot to get food and water.
Ranger Jansson estimated the winds down at the mouth of Mann Gulch to be between 20 and 30 mph around 5:00 PM.
Take with you selected photos from the Mann Gulch Facilitators Stand Support Photos – Stand 2, to assist in representing historical fuel conditions and fire behavior.
Suggested Persons of Interest: James Harrison, and perhaps one of the smokejumper rookies.
TDG #1: You handed this out for review following Stand 1, enroute to this stand.
PERFORM TDG #1: After participants have taken their two minutes to write some notes and think, ask a few of them to brief the assembled Staff Ride group as if they were a fire crew. You might have a participant with less fire experience go first, and then have someone with more experience try it. Then take some time to analyze what constitutes an effective briefing.
Make sure, prior to completing elements here at Stand 2 Location, and moving toward Stand 3, that you understand how TDG #2 will work… Particularly with POI’s Hellman, Harrison and Dodge. (See Facilitators Suggestions following Strategic Discussion Points.)
Stand 2 Strategic Discussion Points In the historical situation what conditions at this point were in the firefighter’s control and what conditions were outside their control?
Given the circumstances at the time, were their actions reasonable? Why or why not?
Today, given current technology and standard operating principles and procedures, how might you handle the very same situation?
What assumptions were made in the initial size up and assessments?
How is situational awareness important in ensuring perceptions are in line with reality?
What other things may be competing for the attention of the men at this point? (first fire jump, not knowing the other crewmembers well, etc.)
What are the elements of effective briefings?
What is Leaders Intent, and does a leader communicate changing intent if dictated by changing conditions?
Tactical Decision Making
How would you read the orientation of the terrain in Mann Gulch? What affects would you expect the terrain and prevailing weather to have on fire behavior?
What are the effects of resource policy on firefighting today (consider grazing, urban interface, etc.)
Facilitator Suggestions for doing after Tactical Decision Game #1, and/or Stand 2 Discussion Questions
After completing TDG #1, the facilitator should set the tone for TDG #2 (Next Page) and the group’s transition to Stand 3. We suggest asking participants to suspend their knowledge of how the day’s events unfold and to concentrate on searching their hearts and minds for everything they have been able to uncover about the Person of Interest (POI) that they were assigned for the Staff Ride. Urge them to consider the kinds of things that their particular POI may have been thinking or doing at this point, and as the group moves across the slope, to imagine as best they can that they are walking in the boots of the person they have studied.
Be creative here and adjust as necessary to include such options as having select individual’s role play to simulate certain challenges or situations that help illuminate your Staff Ride objectives.
Mann Gulch Fire Staff Ride Tactical Decision Game #2 Facilitator Suggestions No participant handout for this TDG
The route between Stand 2 and Stand 3, with the main activity occurring at a point just prior to Stand 3 and immediately upon arrival at Stand 3.
Split-Second Decision Making, Leadership, and Communication


text:
Release on 2004-11-01 | by Oskar Hermann Khristian Spate
Author: Oskar Hermann Khristian Spate
Pubpsher: ANU E Press
Category: Electronic books
This work is a history of the Pacific, the ocean that became a theatre of power and conflict shaped by the politics of Europe and the economic background of Spanish America. There could only be a concept of &�the Pacific once the limits and lineaments of the ocean were set and this was undeniably the work of Europeans. Fifty years after the Conquista, Nueva Espaą and Peru were the bases from which the ocean was turned into virtually a Spanish lake.
Release on 2014 | by Rainer F. Buschmann,Edward R. Slack,James B. Tueller
The Pacific in the Iberian World, 1521-1898
Author: Rainer F. Buschmann,Edward R. Slack,James B. Tueller
Pubpsher: University of Hawaii Press
Building upon a growing body of literature on the Atlantic world and the sustained research on indigenous participation in Pacific histories, the authors investigate the Spanish Lake as a historical artifact that brings together both the Pacific Rim (the Americas and Asia) and the Basin (Oceania).
This new edition of the only guide to detail all the known routes on 570 peaks in the Sierra is completely reorganized to be even more user friendly and includes more than 100 new routes, route variations and winter ascents.The most popular guidebook to the magnificent Sierra mountains has been expanded and improved. There is 30 percent new content in this edition, including new route descriptions, additional peaks described, more historical information, and GPS-enabled driving directions. The content has also been completely rearranged to keep roads and trails, and passes and peaks together, making the book easier to use. Four of the 30 maps have been revised."The Sierra climbing bible" (The Los Angeles Times)"The best field guide to the region." (Men's Journal)"The guide to the Sierra nevada high country." (Climbing magazine)
In 1513, when Ponce de Leon stepped ashore on a beach of what is now Florida, Spain gained its first foothold in North America. For the next 300 years, Spaniards ranged through the continent building forts, missions and farms, ranches and towns to reconstruct the Iberian world.
Rising up to 13,623 feet above the plains, the twin Spanish Peaks in southern Colorado have been a beacon to travelers for centuries. Native Americans from the Comanche and Ute tribes pitched their teepees in the lush river valleys around the mountains. Spanish explorers from Mexico followed legends of gold here. Migrants on the Santa Fe Trail sighted the peaks at the end of their long trek across the Great Plains. Coal mining and railroads brought a new wave of settlers to the region in the 1870s. Today, visitors head to Walsenburg, La Veta, and Cuchara to enjoy the incredible mountain scenery and year-round recreational activities.
European Involvement in the Development of a Sovereign United States
Author: Douglas C Comer
Pubpsher: Springer Science & Business Media
Category: Social Science
The publication explores the ways in which archaeological research can inform us about the manner and motives of European involvement in the development of a sovereign United States. The five chapters focus on different archaeological sites (four terrestrial sites) and each consider the special ways in which archaeology can contribute to our understanding of the cultural dynamics that set the historic course of events in motion that culminated in United States sovereignty. An introduction and conclusion examine how the material culture that is the central focus of archaeological research should be preserved, managed, and interpreted. While much is known through historical documents, this volume seeks to enrich, modify, and challenge the written record by attention to the archaeological remains. The scale of analysis ranges from the artifact through the site to the landscape. Chapters address the changing relationships between specific European countries and the United States as indicated by the presence of artifacts or types of artifacts (e.g., weapons, domestic, architectural) made or traded by other countries during different time periods; an analysis of “space syntax” seen at battlefields or fortifications; the importance of conceptually reconstructing terrain crossed by troops or at battlefields. The Archaeology of Interdependence: European Involvement in the Development of a Sovereign United States presents innovative investigations of what material culture at all scales might tell us about the political, economic, or ideological relationships among cultures that corroborates, contradicts, or enriches the historic record.

domain: geography


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SB Nation contributor (and Athletic, Fansided, etc) Seerat Sohi joins the show to talk about her big Dwyane Wade profile, the Raptors, injuries ruining the playoffs, and Wednesday's Timberwolves-Nuggets playoff play-in game.
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But trust me. I lived through it, and I know what I’m talking about. Evangelical Christianity is a force for darkness and evil.
Evangelical Christianity is not all of Christianity, nor does it represent the majority of faith-based thinking. Evangelical Christianity is exactly what I mean when I say ‘religion is politics’ (and it was explained in the link). These are people who have a very specific set of politics, who arbitrarily interpret specific translations of the Bible in politically-motivated ways.
There are churches that are not homophobic that use different translations and interpretations of scripture, whose members do not subscribe to the same odious set of politics as evangelicals. That is my point. If one set of Christians behaves deplorably toward the LGBTQ community, but another set is entirely accepting of and inclusive toward the LGBTQ community, complete with pastors and majorities of an individual church’s congregants drawn from the LGBTQ community, then it stands to reason that homophobia is not endemic to Christianity, or to religion as a whole.
That, and there are plenty of homophobic atheists with terrible politics.
I know that for a sure certain fact, because I grew up in it.
You are projecting your experiences with one of the most immoral brands of religion onto religion as a whole. I am personally no fan of faith-based thinking or Christianity in any form, but I am also able to concede that there are material differences between the retrograde evangelicalism you grew up in and other systems of faith-based thinking.

domain: sociology


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One-of-a-kind Silver Galapagos Pendant Necklace, 'kissed' with 24k gold, Pear Cabochon Kunzite
Featuring all the rich, warm tones - reds, oranges, pinks, golds, and burgundies - this sterling silver jewelry collection from GURHAN has color as its focus and style at its core. Go bold, be hot, wear GURHAN silver designs that sizzle.
Primary Stone: Kunzite
- Weight: 29.50ct
- Shape: Pear
- Cut: Cabochon
- Color: Pink
- Country of Origin: Africa
All of our stones are ethically sourced in accordance with the standards set by the Kimberly Process
- Bale: Sterling Silver
- Bezel: Sterling Silver Layered w/24k
- Chain: Sterling Silver
- Clasp: Sterling Silver
24k gold is such an important part of our DNA, that most of the GURHAN Silver styles are ‘kissed’ with 24k gold. What do we mean by “kissed”? Simply, it means that they may be either vermeil plated or bonded with 24k gold. Vermeil plating refers to the common process of chemically adhering gold to silver. Bonding entails fusing an actual sheet of gold to the silver. While bonding creates a much thicker application of gold than vermeil, our vermeil plating process applies a substantial layer of gold, befitting a precious jewelry line, and in keeping with FTC guidelines (2.5 microns).
As dedicated advocates of responsible sourcing, we strive to use recycled gold whenever we can. Our supplier certifies its sources so you can share our confidence in purchasing sustainable, responsible gold.
- Bale: Fixed bale
- Stone Setting: Bezel, open back
- Chain: Very thick chain
- Clasp: Small Lobster clasp
- Length: 16-18"
- Construction: Solid

domain: design


text:
I haven't participated in Top Ten Tuesday in a few weeks because I've just been so busy with job hunting. When I saw that this week's topic was about the characters in fiction that we'd like to be best friends with, I knew I had to participate! Thank you to The Broke and the Bookish for hosting this meme.
My list is mostly characters from books I read as a kid. Most of the books that I read now, I get annoyed with the adult characters for some reason.
1. Hermione Granger (Harry Potter) - I always related to Hermione for being a bookworm and being a little uptight in certain situations. I felt like we could have been very good friends growing up. Plus she is a kickass girl who could get us out of just about any situation with her magic and her smarts.
2. Liesel (The Book Thief) - I loved Liesel because of her kindness and the way she cared for everyone, especially Max and Rudy. I think she and I would have gotten along so well.
3. Kristy Thomas (Babysitter's Club) - Even though Kristy was known for being a bossy big mouth, I always wanted to be best friends with her growing up. I was a big tomboy and thought Kristy and I had so much in common.
4. Pippi Longstocking - What an awesome, eccentric character in fiction! I wanted a friend like Pippi so badly as a kid.
5. Francie Nolan (A Tree Grows In Brooklyn) - Francie was a bookloving young lady who was curious about the world. When I read this a few years back, I immediately wished to have a friend like Francie, mostly because she reminded me so much of myself. Who doesn't want a best friend that's just like them?
6. Oskar (Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close) - Oskar was such a smart character for a kid his age and the things he did were sometimes so heartbreaking. To have a best friend who was so innocent and kind hearted would have been great.
7. Leslie Burke (Bridge to Terabithia) - Leslie was the kid with the over active imagination. Everyone needs a friend like that to have fun with.
8. Anne Frank - not a fictional character, but after I read her diary in 8th grade I related to her so much. If I had known her, I definitely would have been friends with her.
9. Laura Ingalls Wilder (Little House books) - I spent some of the best winter nights as a kid curled up reading about Laura and her family. She definitely would have been someone who I'd be friends with as a kid.
10. Stephanie Plum - The only adult character on my list, I love Stephanie's character in the Plum books. She's a little bit clumsy and bumbles her way through her job as a bounty hunter. I think that she and I would be good friends.
Scout Finch (To Kill A Mockingbird)
Gemma Doyle (Gemma Doyle Trilogy)
Kirsten (American Girl series)

domain: literature


Both of my friends racing from a 30 roll, 2nd gear.
RSX: GReddy turbo kit tuned with Hondata K-Pro @ 9psi.
Si: Open header (DCRH) Cold air intake. 75 shot of Nitrous.
Each car had 1 passenger recording.
K-Pro 2006 RSX Type-S
Me (black Type-S) VS a 2005 RSX Type-S (camera car) with a Fujita cold air intake and a gutted cat.
I have an Injen cold air intake/DCRH/GReddy Ti-C Exhaust/Hondata IMG/ESMMI's/Hondata K-Pro Street tuned by magnEsium.
2005 Acura RSX-S vs. MazdaSpeed 3
Mods are listed in the video, but I'll list them again. The RSX-S has an Injen CAI, Kidd Racing RH, Greddy 70mm Exhaust, RBC Intake and tuned on KPRO by Xenocron. The Mazdaspeed 3 has an Injen CAI and 3" Catback Exhaust (iirc Cobb).....these were 2nd gear pulls, a few were from 30mph, a few were 35-40mph. We switched the camera man after the first set of runs to see the difference and make it fair. On the last run RSX gave the MS3 the hit....no excuses tho, I can't hit 5th, lol.
Johnny running his Greddy turbo'd RSX-S at Patuned's 1st Annual Danny Bair Memorial Race. Held at Beaver Springs. Check us out at Patuned.com
RSX Type S vs. S2000
Watch the race from the outside here :
My 2002 Acura RSX type S against a 2005 S2000. The S2000 was stock and had one passenger (camera man). My type S had a cold air intake. Video was recorded at Pont Rouge dragway in Quebec, Canada.
I ran 14.9 and the S2000 ran 14.7.
My personal best with the same mod is 14.749 at 94.44 mph with a 60 ft. of 2.289.


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Given its legion following and episode-parsing fans, anything about “Game of Thrones” will generate clicks online. The hit HBO series’ renewal through for three more seasons got even The New York Times writing. On July 31, The Times quoted HBO President of Programming Michael Lombardo telling reporters at the Television Critics Association summer tour that the fantasy epic, which debuted in 2011, would continue at least through its eighth season.
The Times' headline was:
HBO: ‘Game of Thrones’ Will Go For at Least 8 Seasons
So, to build the headline we’ll visit a thesaurus and collect possible keyword elements.
EPIC: Saga, story, tale, legend, narrative
KINGDOMS: Realm, dominion, dynasty, sovereign
THRONE: Seat of power, chair
“Throne” presents its homophone, “thrown,” or the related verb form “throw” as a wordplay building block. For phrases to twist, we could visit the Free Dictionary’s idiom page for “throw.”
Seeing the possibilities, we could write a print-style a wordplay head:
HBO throws itself into “Thrones”
Hit show will be extended until eight seasons
Epic hit about warring factions extended by HBO
or, playing with the sound of “thrones,” we could write:
In the throes of ‘Thrones’
HBO extends superhot epic drama
We could play off “eight”:
‘Thrones’ fate: At least eight
HBO epic gets extended for three more seasons
We could play off “epic” and go a little more search-engine optimized, keeping keywords in mind:
Even more epic: HBO will extend ‘Game of Thrones’
Or because the show chronicles a war among “tribes,” sometimes known as “houses,” we could try:
Houses undivided: HBO will keep ‘Game of Thrones’ going or playing off the theme of the show’s warring kings, we could write:
Long live the kings: ‘Game of Thrones’ extended on HBO
As always, the key is playing with the themes of the story, the words in the title, or the reminders of the show’s plot. Creativity is about taking an idea from box A and crossing it with an idea from box B to create idea C.
Sometimes, you’ll come up with things that don’t quite work. For example, in this exercise, I thought of
‘Throne’ for a loop
… thinking I could argue that “extra time” or “an extension” was a “loop.” But “thrown for a loop” connotes confusion, and the idea didn’t fit. As you jot your ideas, don’t be afraid to throw out a few. Amid the duds probably lies something decent, probably on the tip of your tongue.
This article was originally posted on the Copyediting website, August 20, 2015.
Header photo by Aaron Burden on Unsplash.

domain: entertainment


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Ireland’s bid to become a more sustainable country has proved sluggish to date, though the latest Dublin transport initiative shows that that may be changing.
Every new project needs a name. BusConnects is the title given to an ambitious €1bn initiative to overhaul public transport in the Irish capital.
The programme launched today (29 May), with nine targets to achieve over the coming few years.
Included in these are the introduction of electric buses, an entirely cashless payment system, an increased number of bus stops –with digital information provided at each – and something called ‘Bus Rapid Transit’.
Dublin Bus & Bus Éireann
Armed with €300m from 2015’s capital plan, and with a further €700m required to finish the job, Anne Graham, CEO of the National Transport Authority (NTA), said investing in buses, rather than trains, was the best way forward for Dublin.
Ireland faces significant annual fees should it fail to reach EU-assigned sustainable energy targets by the end of the decade, something looking more and more likely of late. Fewer cars and more bicycles, buses, trams and trains would be a decent way to improve on this.
“Dublin is a low-density city, which means that very few areas of Dublin have the size and concentration of population to support rail-based public transport,” said Graham.
“For most areas, bus transport represents the best public transport solution. In any case, rail projects typically have lead-in times of eight to 10 years and, with congestion continuing to worsen every month, more immediate solutions are required.”
These solutions will see green-energy buses on the streets by 2018. The NTA reportedly refused a previous application by Dublin Bus to trial hybrid buses in 2016 due to a lack of funding.
That has changed with BusConnects, a programme Shane Ross, Minister for Transport, TD, is behind.
“The proposals being put forward today can potentially transform Dublin’s bus system in a fundamental way, so that when it comes to speed, punctuality, reliability and convenience, journeys by bus can be better than ever before,” he said.
“BusConnects will mean more people travelling by bus and will allow bus commuting to become a more viable and attractive choice for employees, families, students, shoppers and visitors.”
The duo feel an increase of bus passenger numbers of “at least” 50pc is possible, which would presumably see a dramatic reduction in the number of cars on the road.
“This plan also aims to make cycling more attractive to all, which can have many positive impacts, meaning that using the bus or bike rather than the car to get around, will make more sense for more people,” said Ross.
A recent study from Imperial College London suggests that diesel fumes trigger respiratory reflexes, which could potentially worsen underlying conditions such as asthma.
The report claims that by-products from burning diesel fuel – called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – directly stimulate nerves in the lungs, causing a reflex response in the airways. For cyclists, it’s particularly troubling, with daily commutes often involving the direct inhalation of fumes from cars.
“In major European cities […] we are already exceeding the recommended levels for air pollution, and these findings provide another reason why we need to curb these levels,” said Prof Maria Belvisi, one of the authors of the study.

domain: news


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BRECKENRIDGE HILLS, MO (KTVI) – Missouri American Water is sending out an alert regarding a stolen vehicle. One of the company’s 2008 Dodge Dakota work trucks was stolen Monday. A worker parked the vehicle along Woodson Road in Breckenridge Hills. The vehicle was taken while the worker was checking meters.
“There have been instances across the country where unscrupulous people use utility companies as an excuse to enter somebody’s house and commit a crime,” said Missouri American Water Spokesman Brian Russell. “And so, that’s really why we want to get the word out on this.”
Russell said the water company filed a police report. He said the thief’s motives are not known but the company wanted to alert customers just in case the thief had ulterior motives.
“We want to put the word out just so people are aware,” said Russell.
He encourages customers to use caution and reminds them workers have ID badges and uniforms. He encouraged anyone wanting to make sure the person they are dealing with is a water company employee to call Missouri American Water’s call center at 866-430-0820.
For more information about the alert the company posted information through its Facebook page. https://www.facebook.com/missouriaw/.
If you’re unsure the worker may not be an employee, you can call Missouri American Waters call center (866-430-0820) confirm that person’s credentials.

domain: law


text:
By John Webster
The farming of animals for meat and milk confronts a stark challenge. whereas global call for from a growing to be and extra prosperous human inhabitants is expanding speedily, there are powerful counter-arguments that we should always devour much less meat and pay extra recognition to environmental security, animal welfare and human wellbeing and fitness and overall healthiness.
The target of this e-book is to spot and clarify the reasons and individuals to present difficulties in animal husbandry, specially these on the topic of 'factory farming', and boost arguments which may give a contribution to its winning re-orientation. Husbandry is taken into account in its broadest experience, particularly the efficient and sustainable use of the land for the nice of all (plants, people and different animals).
The first a part of the ebook outlines ideas and arguments essential to interact with present difficulties: depletion of normal assets and destruction of surroundings, animal welfare, foodstuff and overall healthiness, reasonable alternate and sharing assets. those arguments are illustrated by means of examples and adequate facts to justify the argument with no obscuring the message. the second one half provides a chain of positive proposals for swap and improvement in animal husbandry, either within the constructed global and subsistence agriculture. those contain extra built-in crop and farm animals farming platforms, the ethics of animal welfare and environmental administration, and the evolution of a brand new social agreement wherein the rights of the folk to a good proportion of fine, secure nutrition and a eco-friendly and delightful land are matched by means of a shared accountability to maintain this stuff.
Read or Download Animal Husbandry Regained: The Place of Farm Animals in Sustainable Agriculture PDF
Best animal husbandry books
This mini-textbook in a query and resolution layout makes use of an organ structures supplier in providing all of the key info wanted for an entire figuring out of contemporary equine drugs.
Finished, functional, and easy-to-read, this particular instruction manual presents a transparent advisor to veterinary obstetrics in huge and small family animals. a close description of standard delivery is helping readers instantly realize abnormalities and offers a baseline opposed to which dystocia and its remedy should be measured.
- Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition
- Working Sheep Dogs: A Practical Guide to Breeding, Training and Handling (Landlinks Press)
- Domestication (Greenwood Guides to the Animal World)
- Cattle in the Cotton Fields: A History of Cattle Raising in Alabama
- International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources, Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002
Additional info for Animal Husbandry Regained: The Place of Farm Animals in Sustainable Agriculture
Consider now what would be the consequence of selecting exclusively for bigger and bigger sheep. 1 shows that 68 per cent of feed is eaten by the breeding generation. Moreover, the breeding ewes and rams have to be fed all year. 1). A policy to select all sheep simply on the basis of mature size would decrease the overall efficiency of the enterprise. Sheep farmers in the United Kingdom, who are more canny than many scientists perceive, address this problem through a policy of divergent selection (Webster 1989).
However, they do present some of the greatest problems of industrialised agriculture. It would be of little lasting value if biofuels extended the shelf life of the automobile for another 30 years and then the land died of exhaustion. ) oilseed crops generates large amounts of high protein residues that can make a significant contribution to animal feeds. g. llamas, alpacas). Such extensive, low-input, low-output ranching has a superficial appeal to romantics and can make a sensible, if minor, contribution to good land use in certain areas, typically where the land is poor and labour is cheap.
Hay or silage) and soya bean meal, the last fed primarily as a source of extra protein. The diet will also probably be supplemented with a small quantity of vitamins and specified minerals so as to match nutrient supply to nutrient requirement. This mixture of feeds is then subjected to digestion. g. glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) which are absorbed from the gut and become ‘available nutrients’ (available for metabolism). ) is eliminated in the faeces. (At this stage I must apologise to proper nutritionists.

domain: biology


text:
Know about parent connect and how it helps in parenting.
Though the parents differ all over the world. But it’s said that parenting styles are same.
Know how you can keep you child safe by using parental control.
In today’s fast-paced world, parental guidance is crucial. Parents are a busy lot; hence, they must spend quality time with their family.
This article is about Parent Magazines: Top Parent Magazines.
This article is about Parenting Books: Best Parenting Books.
This article is about Attachment Parenting: Know More About It.
News & AnnouncementsNew Work releasesArticles we found enlightening

domain: psychology


text:
When one is going through difficult financial times, personal loans may be just the thing to help you get out of a tough situation. As with any type of loan, there are positives but also things that you should be aware of. Of course, it is always wise to look at all of your options before making a decision. It is a good idea to talk to a financial adviser before taking out loans of a personal nature.
Reason Number 1: You Want to Avoid Taking a Payday Loan
This is an excellent reason, and one that more and more people are stating as a primary reason for taking out small personal loans. It is no secret that the so-called “payday” loan is perceived by many to be both a terrible deal for the consumer, and predatory in nature. With extremely high fees and interest rates that reach into the triple digits, it is easy to see why these should be avoided.
Reason Number 2: A Personal Loan Can Have Many Benefits for the Consumer
Right away it is easy to see one benefit: the interest rates are far more reasonable. According to various sources, rates for personal loans range between 6.75% and 18%. With the right personal loans, consumers are able to get out from underneath a temporarily difficult situation and get back on track with their budgets, while not being trapped by increasing debt from a bad loan. Many lenders are eager to establish new relationships with borrowers, and look at lending these relatively small amounts as a good way to do just that. Another benefit would be that there is a wide perception that this kind of loan can be of help in building a better credit score.
Reason Number 3: You Don’t Have to Have Perfect Credit to Qualify
This is something that we hear all the time, and while it is true, there are some caveats that you should be aware of. Depending on your circumstances, it may be that you could do better using your credit card, or accessing your home equity, if that is a possibility. However, if that’s not the case and you feel that personal loans are right for you, know that the better your credit score is, the better deal you should be able to get. While you don’t have to have perfect credit, it is wise to take the time to go over your credit report so that you know it is correct. Another important tip is to have as many of your bills as possible showing that they are current. These few steps can make a world of difference when it comes to getting the best loan possible.

domain: economics


text:
When: Wed., March 14, 9:30 p.m. 2012
Late last year, when I first listened to Geidi Primes, Claire Boucher's 2010 debut as Grimes, my first thought was, "Someone made a weirdo electro-pop album packed with references to Dune, and it somehow took me nearly two years to hear it?" Then I was struck by another realization: the circle of female musicians making experimental pop without shying away from either genuinely freaky spaces or accessible hooks (it also includes EMA and Austra) is one of the more interesting things happening in pop music. Grimes's new Visions (4AD) is breezier than the aforementioned artists' output, and some of the songs ("Genesis," "Circumambient") so perfectly evoke sugary 80s pop R&B that it's easy to think they might've been hits if they'd been released in 1985. Except of course that 80s pop R&B producers weren't into using massive amounts of lo-fi reverb, junky synth patches, or the dozens of other things Grimes employs to add layers of weirdness and witchiness to her music. —Miles Raymer Born Gold and Ultrademon open.

domain: artistic


Jon Jones was watching UFC 260 as Stipe Miocic lost to Francis Ngannou
This was a rematch from three years back as Miocic had defeated Ngannou. However, this was a different fight and a different Ngannou.
The 34-year-old picked up a lot of wrestling from Kamaru Usman and defended a takedown from Miocic really well.
He also brought a lot of punching power and knocked out the champion in the second round. Miocic was out before the final shot too and this was a great moment for Ngannou’s career.
The Cameroon-born star finally reached the top of the Heavyweight mountain and it seems that Jon Jones is waiting for him.
Jones was quick to tweet out that he wanted the money fight and even trashed any calls for him to return to the Light Heavyweight division after Ngannou’s performance.
Ngannou also was open to the fight during the post-fight interview and claimed that Jones was one of the best ever:
Jon Jones is not running away from Francis Ngannou
There were some who were questioning Jones’ desire to fight Ngannou after this performance. Jones was linked with a fight against Middleweight champion Israel Adesanya.
However, Bones decided to call that off after Adesanya failed to defeat Light Heavyweight champion Jan Blachowicz.
Some were bringing up this reasoning as Jones called out Ngannou. However, the American added that he wanted to get paid with a big fight and didn’t bulk up without a reason:
“I quit the light heavyweight division, literally gained a massive amount of weight. And now people are saying I’m afraid? Everyone but me claiming that I’m afraid. All I asked was to get paid.”
Ngannou vs Jones should be another cracking clash and it will be interesting to see when this is set up. It pits one of the greatest MMA talents ever, in Jones, against possibly the most dangerous man in the world.
More UFC news
- Conor McGregor hits out at Khabib Nurmagomedov’s MMA Record
- Khabib Nurmagomedov explains why Petr Yan used an illegal knee on Aljamain Sterling at UFC 259
- (Watch) Francis Ngannou folds Stipe Miocic with insane KO at UFC 260
Follow our dedicated UFC page for instant UFC news and updates


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I am trying to build a stand alone for Pc,Mac,Linc for my Laser Defender game. When I test the game from with in the editor everything looks great!
Screen Res is 800 x 600,
But when I build and run it, it shows in full screen even when I set the Res in the player settings to 800 x 600, I have tested my Block Breaker game and it works fine builds out to the right Res,
So when i run the Laser Defender game my enemy ships are moving to far to the right where the player can’t reach them.
Has anyone had this issue?
The Start scene showing it as full screen.
The enemies to far to the right and you can see my score and lives are off as well.
This shows it looks fine when running in the editor.
This is a screenshot of my player settings

domain: game


text:
"To Be One, Ask One !"
Achbar Grotto was chartered in 1910 in Columbus, Ohio and quickly became a leader in the Grottoes of North America. Achbar Grotto can boast that it has been the home grotto of three Grand Monarchs of the Grottoes of North America, one of which is still an
Achbar Grotto is also a leader in The Ohio Grotto Association providing many Association Presidents and other officers.
In many ways Achbar Grotto sets the standard which many grottoes strive
Achbar Grotto offers many opportunities and events for the Master Mason and his family to enjoy.
Grotto membership brings Masons from many lodges together in a common setting, where they meet and cultivate better relations between lodges. The Grotto makes good Masons better Masons.
Left to Right: Jim Drake, Past Monarch of Amrou Grotto, Mark McCombs, Grand Master of Ceremonies, Bernie Mitchell, Past Grand Monarch, Bill Wears, Past Grand Monarch, Benson Mike Brumfield, Monarch of Achbar Grotto, Ron Winnett, Past Grand Master Masons of Ohio.
Achbar Grotto Officers and Members 2014

domain: history


text:
Crystal Thistle Drop Earrings
Price varies based on availability. Select your date to see price.
Get a little bit of naughty and a little bit of nice with these crystal and spike drop earrings by Anton Heunis. So pretty and edgy!
Spike drop crystal earrings made with silver plated brass and glass. 2.8" in length. Pierced clip back.
Got A Minute?
Share your review (upload a pic, too!) and help others select the perfect style and fit.
|True to Size||16||


During his degree, Adam joined Moog as an intern for his placement year. He was so impressed by the company that he applied for a graduate role, allowing him to further his career.
Adam started his Moog journey at the Tewkesbury facility while studying for a Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering degree at the University of Leeds. His time as a Test Equipment Intern gave him valuable experience – while his placement started in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic, he was able to gain in-person experience supporting our defence manufacturing teams.
After graduating with a first-class degree, he applied for one of our graduate positions. “The most important factor in me coming back was the company culture,” Adam said. “People enjoy working here and take time to teach you thinks. It really feels like a place where you can improve yourself and progress.”
Just nine months into the graduate programme, Adam was promoted to a Sustainment Engineer – a vital part of the Test Equipment team. “It’s my role to keep test equipment working on site, so this means my day can change very quickly depending on what the production teams need,” Adam said. “This keeps the work I’m doing exciting and challenging, and I’m always working with new people.”
Already, Adam’s been implementing important change throughout his department, developing an I4.0 monitoring system for the hydraulic pump packs. “This has allowed me to apply a lot of knowledge from my degree to something that’s beneficial to Moog on a long-term basis, so I’m quite proud of that,” Adam continued.
Being at Moog means that Adam has plenty of opportunities to keep learning and progressing. “There are many opportunities to develop your skills at Moog, and I hope to continue making the most of them,” Adam said.
“I really enjoy working on exciting projects with like-minded engineers, and throughout the business, you feel supported and enabled by the team around you. For me, that makes Moog a great place to work,” Adam concluded.


text:
Mohr Acquires Two Atlanta CRE Firms
ATLANTA—It’s hardly M&A madness, but the commercial real estate industry is seeing some mergers and acquisitions in recent months. The latest example is Metropolitan Realty, iCore and Mohr.
You can now be notified via email if this story is updated by clicking on the "Follow this Story" link. You must be a registered member to take advantage of this "members only" benefit.

domain: finance


text:
Celebrating Ag Tech: Interview with elementary school kids
Welcome the Plants That Move on their Own
Leading Agricultural Automation and Robotics Research: Interview with Prof. Manoj Karkee
WSU’s apple picking machine provides potential for future orchard operations, Interview and coverage by Alfredo Llanos at NBC Local News
Shaking it up in the orchards, Ross Courtney, Good Fruit Growers
Automated Agriculture: Researchers Work on Robotic Weeder, Denise Keller, Onionworld.net
Automating Ag: Less labor, more innovation in the fields and in the air, producebluebook.com
Researchers share future of ag tech in Consortium tour, CAHNRS News
Dr. Karkee’s lab has been recommended for funding by Washington Department of Agriculture for next 3 years
WSU researchers developing ‘smart irrigation’ for fine wines, water conservation, Seth Truscott, CAHNRS News
IoT: The Next Farming Frontier, Connected World, Bethanie Hestermann
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by NSF-USDA Cyber Physical Systems Program to develop ‘SMART Irrigation System using IoT and Big Data Analytics’
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission to develop ‘A Robotic System for Fruit Tree Pruning’.
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by Washington Tree Fruit Research Commission to develop ‘A Multi-purpose Robotic System for Tree Fruit Crops’.
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by Washington Wine Commission to develop ‘An Automated Green Shoot Thinner’.
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by Washington Wine Commission to develop ‘A Smart-phone-based crop-load estimation tool for Vineyards’.
WSU precision ag program ranks with world’s best, WSU News
Taking everything into account (in Spanish), Kate Prengaman, Good Fruit Grower
Global thinking sets up New Zealand Agtech Startups for Outsized Impact, AgFunder News
Why robots should shake the bejeezus out of cherry trees, Wired Magazine..
Local company advancing rapidly on robotic strawberry harvester, The Ledger..
Ripe for Robots? by John H. Tibbetts, Mechanical Engineering, Magazine of American Society of Mechanical Engineers..
Autonomous Agriculture, USA Today…
Apple-Picking Robot Prepares to Compete for Farm Jobs, Tom Simonite, MIT Technology Review…
Washington State Seeks to Automate Apple Orchards, Assembly..
Robotic Pickers on the Horizon, Phil Ferolito, Yakima Herald..
Robot Hand Picks Apples without Bruising, Farm Shows..
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by Washington Red Raspberry Commission to continue working on automated bundling and tying of canes.
Robotic fruit pickers promise labor saving, The Packer…
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded by WSU’s Emerging Research Issues program to continue their work on bird deterrence from crop fields with UASs.
Dr. Karkee’s lab was funded to commercialize a ‘Mobile App for In-Orchard Apple Crop Load Estimation’
Dr. Abhisesh Silwal (2014-2016; Now Post Doc at Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University) and Dr. Karkee were awarded a WSU Commercialization Gap Fund project to develop a mobile app for apple crop-load estimation.
Dr. Karkee and WSU CPAAS organized an International Conference on Ag Robotics and Automation
Dr. Suraj Amatya (2011-2015; now Post Doc at Purdue University) awarded international ‘Giuseppe Pellizzi Prize 2016′
WSU to host conference on automating agriculture
Quest for robotic apple picker continues
Dr. Suraj Amatya (2011-2015; now Post Doc at Purdue University) awarded ASABE ‘Boyd-Scott Graduate Research Award 2016‘
Agriculture 3.0: How researchers are harvesting the power of robots and drones to reboot farming
Aadit Shrestha was awarded ASD Inc. Instrument Award, 2016
Developing technologies that will change the agriculture


text:
Louisville Restaurant News | Bristol Bar & Grille in Jeffersonville offers New Year’s Eve Italian-style
Don’t be left out in the cold because you didn’t make your New Year’s Eve plans early enough. The Bristol Bar & Grille in Jeffersonville (700 W. Riverside Drive, 812-218-1995) will celebrate the Italian region of Campania that night.
Chef Richard Doering’s menu will include hand-tossed pizza Napoletana and pizza Margherita, fritto misto di mare (fried mixed seafood), mozzarella in carrozza (fried bread and mozzarella di buffalo), paccheri ripieni al forno (veal-stuffed baked pasta), braciole al ragu (rolled beef with a hearty ragu) and rum baba (cake saturated in rum).
Master sommelier Scott Harper will pair each dish with varietals from Terredora Winery.
The cost of the dinner is $175. For an additional $110 per couple, guests may stay the night at the on-site Sheraton Louisville Riverside Hotel. Call for reservations.
Nancy Miller is filling in for Dana McMahan, who returns next week. Send your restaurant “dish” to Dana McMahan at email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.org.

domain: food


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The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (RSIPF) has officially received riot gears and equipment from China during a handing over ceremony at Henderson International Airport last night.
Present during the handing over ceremony were the Permanent Secretary (PS) of Police National Security and Correctional Services of Solomon Island (MPNSC), Commissioner of RSIPF and Senior Executives.
His Excellency (HE) Ambassador Li Ming officially handed over the riot equipment to the Supervising Minister of MPNSC, Honorable Mr. Dickson Mua and the Senior RSIPF Executive members.
Commissioner of Police Mr. Mostyn Mangau says, “The riot equipment is a need to strengthen RSIPF capability and capacity to respond to future unrest. This riot equipment includes shields, helmets, batons and other non-lethal gear that will further enhance Police ability in confronting future threats.”
Commissioner Mangau says, “The support from PRC will not interfere with police operations and administrations as police have its own operating procedures to operate on. Solomon Islands is a sovereign country.”
Mr. Mangau says, “While I appreciate the PRC for the support rendered, I must thank the Australian Government for responding to Solomon Islands request for assistance. Welcome Papua New Guinea’s bilateral support. Appreciate New Zealand and Fiji’s contribution to support RSIPF to restore law and order during social unrest last month.”
Supervising Minister of MPNSC Honourable Mr Dickson Mua says, “The RSIPF is a force that has limited capacity and capability for required operations, but they have continuously tried their best to deliver on their task as best as they could.
What is provided by PRC is a help that will go a long way in reinforcing RSIPF capability, moral and determination in carrying out duties.”
Supervising Minister Mr. Mua says, “I do understand that this batch of consignment is part of a larger batch, which will be delivered in the coming months. And it is only fitting to say that this progress support is a sign of how our friendship will grow overtime, as I believe our friendship and partnership will continue to grow stronger and respectfully over the years to come.”
Source: RSIPF Media


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My husband and I travel frequently on business. We decided to have a mini break during the week and travelled to Matakana. We decided to make a reservation once we arrived and popped into Warkworth Info Centre on our way. Matakana Country Estate were recommended highly, especially Susan as being a fabulous, perfect host. We decided late in the afternoon to telephone and Susan answered. She is just simply lovely, nothing was too much trouble, in fact Susan and Garth were not at the Lodge, but arranged for a local neighbour to open up the Lodge for us...when they arrived it was as if we had known them for years, such welcoming special people. Over wine, cheeses, nibbles, I can honestly say I am proud to be a kiwi .... these hosts will simply make your special stay awesome, fab and perfect! the rooms are amazing ..... great bathrooms ... we had the champayne room....simply beautiful with everything you could want...they have thought of everything. Didnt have time for a swim or spa...but will definitely next time. Next time I will book well in advance as I have a funny feeling this best kept secret will be full if I try my luck again.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
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- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Travelocity, Hotwire, Agoda and HotelQuickly so you can book your Matakana Country Lodge reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.

domain: travel


Keynotes Feature Carla Hall of Top Chef and The Chew,
Cookbook Author and Actor Freddie Prinze Jr., Hungry Girl’s Lisa
Lillien, a Cooking Demo by Food Network’s Smollett Siblings
The Pitch: Food Edition Returns for a Second Year, Giving Four Female
Food Entrepreneurs a Chance to Pitch Their Businesses to a Panel of
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–SheKnows
Media, a leading women’s media company with 81 million unique
visitors a month* and 302 million social media fans and followers, is
in Austin, Texas, October 7-8, 2016.
The annual #BlogHerFood conferences bring together top writers, cookbook
authors, chefs, food brands and social media influencers and bloggers in
an intimate setting. This year’s lineup of keynote speakers and sessions
panel of four successful social media influencers and bloggers,
including My Cupcake Addition’s Elise Strachan, One Good Thing
by Jillee’s Jill Nystul, Grandbaby Cakes’ Jocelyn
Delk Adams and Sean Timberlake, creator of the blog Hedonia
and food preservation site Punk Domestics, will take the stage at
lunch on Friday to talk about ways they have leveraged their blogs to
create successful businesses.
Lead chef Jake, party planner extraordinaire Jazz along
with youngest brother Jocqui of the Smollett family,
stars of Smollett Eats on the Food Network, will share
their favorite family traditions and recipes, as well as treat
conference-goers to a cooking demonstration on Friday evening. Learn
Pitch: Food Edition returns for a second year after successfully
debuting at last year’s conference. Launched in 2015 by SheKnows Media
as an online video series and live competition series, The Pitch is a
platform designed to elevate, connect and mentor women entrepreneurs.
On Saturday morning at #BlogHerFood16, four women who have started
businesses ranging from a food app to a food truck, will pitch their
businesses in front of a live audience and a panel of high-profile
judges. The winner, determined by a combination of the judges’
rankings and audience votes, will receive a prize package that
includes marketing, media and mentorship support from SheKnows Media.
Pitch: Food Edition judges include: Aihui Ong, CEO of Love With
Food and winner of The Pitch: Food Edition in 2015; Elise Bauer,
Founder of Simply Recipes; Lisa Lillien, creator of Hungry Girl
and a New York Times best-selling author; and Jennifer Denton,
Vice President, Community Programs at SheKnows Media.
closing keynote on Saturday evening will feature Carla Hall,
chef, host of The Chew and contestant on Top Chef: Season 8,
Hungry Girl’s Lisa Lillien and actor and cookbook author Freddie
Prinze Jr., who will explore the many opportunities chefs have to
become celebrities, and conversely, how celebrities are gaining
credibility and respect in the world of food.
In addition to the keynote sessions listed above, #BlogHerFood16 offers
two full days of breakout programming, allowing attendees to dive deeper
into the craft and business skills required to make their food blogs
successful, how to expand into podcasting and video, best practices for
using social media and hands-on demonstrations. Other notable speakers
presenting at the conference include: Aarti Sequiera, winner of
the sixth season of The Food Network Star; Alexandra Evjen,
Pinterest influencer and creator of www.avestyles.com;
Ashley Koff, an award-winning nutrition and media expert,
speaker, and author; Catherine McCord, a best-selling cookbook
author and founder of Weelicious; and Stacie Billis, managing
editor for Cool Mom Eats.
#BlogHerFood16 attendees will also enjoy several offsite excursions to
some of the best local restaurants in Austin. View the full conference
“Our events empower women in social media to meet, inspire and celebrate
each other, find opportunities to work with brands, and come home with
new ideas, skills and connections. #BlogHerFood16, now in its eighth
year, is no different, and we look forward to providing a high-impact
event for our dedicated community of food influencers and sponsors,”
said Elisa Camahort Page, Chief Community Officer, SheKnows Media.
* comScore, Media Metrix, Multiplatform Key Measures Report, Lifestyles
Category, August 2016, U.S.
About SheKnows Media
Media is the number-one women’s lifestyle digital media company with
81 million unique visitors per month (comScore, Media Metrix,
Multiplatform Key Measures Report, Lifestyles Category, August 2016,
U.S.) and 302 million social media fans and followers. The company
operates a family of leading media properties that include SheKnows.com,
With a mission of women inspiring women, SheKnows Media is
revolutionizing the publishing industry by forging a new kind of model
that seamlessly integrates users, editors and content creators onto a
single platform designed to empower all women to discover, share and
create. Whether it’s parenting or pop culture, fashion or food, DIY or
décor, our award-winning editorial team, Experts, bloggers and social
media influencers produce authentic and on-trend content every day. We
dig deep to learn what makes our audience tick, revealing unexpected
insights on women and digital media. Our robust, end-to-end suite of
premium branded content and influencer marketing solutions generate more
than 2 billion ad impressions per month (sources: DFP), allowing brands
to distribute authentic content and integrated advertising at scale.
SheKnows Media is based in New York and Scottsdale, Ariz., with offices
in Los Angeles and Chicago. We also operate internationally in Canada,
Australia and the United Kingdom.
Jenni Ottum, 480-231-4887


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Nowadays it’s quite hard walking around the streets and meeting a woman without makeup. Most women in this current generation focus profoundly on their outlook more than any other thing. That’s why women out to be told every time that they look smart. Let your girl feel that she’s attractive by not forgetting to remind her of how beautiful she is. Take an initiative to learn about healthy types of makeups that you can recommend her or even buy them for her sometimes. Let her feel she is cared for. You can visit modern online makeup stores like www.makeupbychelsea.net just as a tip, and surprise her.
Women like attention and this is very evident with how they feel cared for when you don’t miss a glimpse of their improved outlooks. Applying makeups, it in some way gives them more strength and renders them feel more rejuvenated and powerful. How do makeups, just mere skin application substances, make women feel stronger? This article explains how.
Make-ups are a social booster to women
A girl with make-up, especially unique from others, wants the makeup to be recognized so that she can attract a sense of pride. Women always feel relaxed talking to other women whose makeup is of their match or more. With their states of being fashion conscious, you’ll find them, or most of their talks, revolving around fashion, clothes, makeups, other skin appliances and even sometimes what to consume to make the body respond in a certain manner they do prefer. Being that this interest is common among the majority of women, it is then a huge social booster that brings them together.
It boosts their self-esteem and confidence
You certainly have heard the phrase that goes “Fake it till you make it”, right? Women will apply anything despite what other people say, just to make sure that they are more appealing compared to others. Applying some makeup alleviates them to a higher level that prompts them to feel more in control. Women believe that makeups help reveal a perfect version of oneself and this certainly will boost their confidence.
It aids one to become more competent
It’s believed that women are more jealous compared to men and so most of them wouldn’t want any other girl to look more appealing than they do. This then makes them get in an imaginary tag of war that even one of the interested party doesn’t have any slightest idea about. Those that look better are always more valued in the society than the rest, even if they don’t bother. Applying makeups makes a woman more self-assured and comfortable with whatever the surrounding provides.


Freeport, Maine – OpenTEAM celebrates USDA’s recent investment in improved greenhouse gas measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification of the agriculture and forestry sectors through the Inflation Reduction Act. This new initiative will ensure climate-smart agriculture and its implementation remains rooted in science, using data-driven results to strengthen climate mitigation and adaptation strategies in agriculture and beyond.
Open Technology Ecosystem for Agricultural Management, or OpenTEAM, a global collaborative led by Wolfe’s Neck Center for Agriculture & the Environment, equips food systems leaders with open source digital tools and shared agricultural knowledge to build soil health. In alignment with OpenTEAM’s shared goals, USDA’s timely investment will expand data management, infrastructure, and capacity for greenhouse gas quantification, improve environmental models and tools for measuring greenhouse gas outcomes, and launch a Soil Carbon Monitoring and Research Network. OpenTEAM applauds the USDA for undertaking broad stakeholder engagement to facilitate the delivery of environmental data services and standards as a public good.
USDA’s strong focus on data and increased stakeholder engagement are critical to advancing climate science and the success of the Partnerships for Climate-Smart Commodities program. OpenTEAM will leverage USDA’s data management and infrastructure standards directly through the Action for Climate-Smart Agriculture project. This project depends on open standards to improve the accuracy of environmental measurement and modeling tools, building digital marketplaces for climate-smart agricultural products nationwide.
Wolfe’s Neck Center, OpenTEAM, and our growing community of collaborators share the USDA’s priority to ensure that climate-smart agricultural practices work well, and act as an impactful nature-based solution to climate change.


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Suspicious drug traffickers were caught with heroin worth £140,000 in Shetland after telling police they had come to visit girlfriends in Lerwick – despite driving away from the town.
Officers recovered a kilo of the Class A drug along with a quantity of a substance commonly used to cut the narcotic, which one of the men claimed was an appetite suppressant.
The High Court in Edinburgh heard that Jabran Ali and William Richardson, who were travelling with Allan Stewart, had aroused suspicion even before they arrived in the islands.
They travelled by ferry from Aberdeen arriving in Lerwick on Hogmanay, but had come to the attention of staff on the boat.
Advocate depute David Taylor said police found their car at the village of Voe and stopped the Volkswagen Passat at the side of the road.
He said: “The accused Jabran Ali was driving the car. When the officers spoke with him he appeared nervous and his hands were shaking.”
He added that when police then turned to speak to Richardson and Stewart they also seemed nervous.
“Ali and Richardson said that they were visiting girlfriends who live in Lerwick. The police were suspicious of this, as the accused had driven 18 miles in the opposite direction to Lerwick” Taylor said, adding they could not provide the girlfriends’ full names or addresses.
The men were then asked to provide their names, which were found not to match those used on ferry travel documents seen in the car.
All three were detained and in the boot of the car officers found a holdall belonging to Richardson, which contained a bag of white powder.
Richardson claimed it was a protein powder, but analysis revealed it was a mixture of caffeine and paracetamol which is commonly used to bulk out heroin.
Another holdall was found inside the car, which held thermos flasks containing four packages of heroin totaling just over a kilo.
Mr Taylor said the kilo of heroin could be bought wholesale for about £25,000 but could be worth £140,000 in street deals.
Ali, aged 25, a shop assistant, of Auchenbothie Crescent, Robroyston, and 31 year old self-employed joiner Richardson, of Parkbrae Way, Maryhill, Glasgow, both admitted being concerned in the supply of heroin on 31 December last year at Voe while acting with Stewart, when they appeared in court on Wednesday.
The court heard that Ali and Richardson have previous convictions for a drug offence.
The Crown accepted Ali’s not guilty plea to a charge of possessing an offensive weapon, a knuckle duster.
Stewart, aged 33, of Langa Grove, Maryhill, in Glasgow, was jailed for three years and eight months earlier this year after previously admitting being concerned in the supply of the heroin on Shetland.
The court heard that all three had booked their ferry travel under assumed names and Ali had bought the tickets for £461 in cash.
Lord Uist told Ali and Richardson that as neither had previously served a custodial sentence he had to get background reports on the pair before sentencing.
The judge deferred sentence on them until next month and remanded them in custody.


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Wow! I apologize for the late start on today; last night was a rough one. Joshua Mellody, known as Zomboy is a 22-year-old electro/dubstep/glitch producer who hails from from a town in the UK called Guildford. Zomboy’s new remix of DJ Fresh hit ‘Hot Right Now’ featuring Rita Ora leads in with layers of enchanting melodies to accompany Rita Ora’s lyrics before Zomboy lets the glitched out laser bass drop. Kick back, turn up your speakers, and enjoy!
DJ Fresh Ft. Rita Ora – Hot Right Now (Zomboy Remix) | Hulkshare Download |
“Like” Zomboy on Facebook Here


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عنوان مقاله [English]
Measuring the external security of a country to determine its security in an international system and compare it is the main concern of politicians. Accordingly, we witness different efforts for measuring and quantizing security level of different countries but none of these efforts can show the real situation of the security level of them. At the same time, these studies reflect the Western county’s security and use them for measuring I.R. Iran external security level is not possible and reasonable. So due to special situation of Iran, we can’t use international indices to measure its external security. For this reason and because of the position of Iran in Middle East, this research has been started with the lack of a model for measuring the external security of the I.R. Iran as the problem of research. The objective of this research is to extract the indices to measure the external security of the I.R. Iran, design a model by which its contribution the level of external security of the I.R. Iran could be measured and measure the status quo of the external security of the I.R. Iran.
The subject and research methodology is in a situation that lacks hypotheses because of effort for modeling and the methodology of research is qualitative methodology and systematic analysis for extraction the indices of external security of the I.R. Iran which are related to the soft elements and case- field methodology for designing the model for measuring security. International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This research provides the first intellectual indices of the development of the subject in the world. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS that will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, “New agenda” or critical. The results of this research show that although determining dimensions, indices and indexes of threats helps analyzers make decisions, we should not imagine that it is a static model. The results of this research, also, show the security level is measurable and according following equation: y1= ε1+ η1 λ y11+ η2 λ y21+ η3 λ y31+ η4 λ y4 , the external security index of the I.R. of the Iran in first six months of 2009 at scale 0-100 was 56.6.


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BBNAIJA Season 7 recently evicted housemate Khalid has finally spoken about the aggr£ssive under-the-sheets moments with his love interest Daniella.
According to the reality star, his body is a temple and he never had s£x with Daniella.
Recall that Khalid and Daniella were one of the most watched couples on the show as the two were caught multiple times getting int!mate and moving under the sheets.
The reality star who got evicted from the show last Sunday has revealed what happened between him and Ella under the sheets.
READ ALSO : BBNAIJA Daniella In Tears As Khalid Gets Evicted
During an interview with media personality Mz Vic on BBUnlocked, the plateau-born reality TV star clarified that he never had s*x with Ella. He said, “My body is a temple. It was just aggr£ssive kissing. We didn’t forget the cameras but I didn’t neglect my feelings”
Khalid also confirmed that his relationship with Daniella was not intended but he was serious about her.
“It was quick. I know I said I didn’t want a relationship but it hit me like a bus. It is serious”

domain: celebrity