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A neurologist is a physician that focuses on identifying and treating disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spine, and outer nerves, and includes a wide variety of problems that impact anything from motor operating to cognitive skills. Generally, a specialist will certainly start treating a client just after that person is referred there by another physician, many generally a family doctor or interior medicine medical professional.
When the client has been referred, the neurologist will certainly take a complete case history and execute an analysis of the individual’s nerves. This will consist of evaluating the person’s reflexes, control, gait, sensory abilities, electric motor abilities, cranial nerves, and cognitive feature. The medical history can aid medical professionals figure out whether or not the individual’s family history consists of any neurological illness or conditions.
Specialists treat various problems. They range from common problems such as headaches, infections, and rest conditions to a lot more significant problems, including epilepsy, strokes, dementia, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s condition, neuromuscular conditions, and head trauma. The treatment that these medical professionals provide varies based upon the particular condition. They might refer the patient to a different specialist, recommend medications, or advise and help with a surgery. They might also refer the person to a physiotherapist, which can help improve motor abilities, sychronisation, and reflexes.
In addition to treating a variety of clinical conditions, a specialist is additionally regularly asked to examine less competent patients that are on life support. In this circumstance, the doctor will certainly take a look at the client for the function of validating whether the patient’s mind has actually ceased operating.
Although some neurologists deal with all kinds of neurological conditions, there are others who focus on particular parts of the nerves, as well as those who concentrate on doing specific treatments. As an example, a clinical neurophysiologist focuses on making use of electrodiagnostic techniques to diagnose specific neurological conditions.
An additional example of a specialty within the field is neurosurgery, which combines the research of neurology with surgical training. Neurosurgeons normally perform surgeries to treat neurological disorders after a basic neurologist makes a diagnosis and establishes that such surgery is necessary.
As a result of the variety of duties that neurologists have, these medical professionals normally invest parts of each day taking a look at new clients, conference with referring medical professionals, as well as seeing with other clients to follow up on their treatment and also evaluate their progress. They likewise often function “on-call,” implying they can be hired any time of the day or evening to address emergency scenarios. Consequently, these physicians typically function long, irregular hrs. This is especially true for doctors that have simply started their occupations.
know more about neurologists near me here.


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Sunday, March 13, 2011
A very special show indeed! Whitey Alabastard and Leeah Janelle guest host with Tree for this fun filled 2 hour episode! Music by some of Florida's best artists bands and performers! Over 45 different tracks! Plus 2 performances by Whitey Alabastard and Leeah!!!! Music includes but, is not limited to , Jay Peele and Hal McGee, Trotsky's Watercooler, Kris Gruda, Strip Club Moms, Antler Joe and The Accidents, Gus, Holy Terrors, Drug Czars, Magnet City Kids, and much more!!!!!

domain: entertainment


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IVANKA TRUMP’S conflicts of interest as a White House adviser already included the dependence of her clothing brand on Chinese manufacturers even as she and her husband participate in White House meetings with senior Chinese officials. Now a new and more troubling connection has come up: Authorities have moved to silence labor activists who were documenting poor working conditions at the factories that make Ivanka Trump shoes.
According to China Labor Watch, a U.S.-based advocacy organization, one of its investigators has been arrested and two others have disappeared after they probed working conditions at two factories of Huajian International, a shoe manufacturer that produces about 100,000 pairs a year for the Ivanka Trump brand. An interim report issued by the nongovernmental organization last month said it had documented working shifts as long as 18 hours and pay that in some cases was less than the equivalent of $1 an hour.
One of the investigators, Hua Haifeng, was prevented from traveling to Hong Kong last week to meet with China Labor Watch representatives and journalists. His wife said she received a phone call on Monday saying he had been detained on a charge of “illegal monitoring.” The other two activists, Li Zhao and Su Heng, also disappeared over the weekend.
No doubt Ms. Trump, who has turned over management over her clothing line to others, had nothing to do with this crackdown. But the founder of China Labor Watch told The Post’s Simon Denyer that he thinks authorities acted because of the factories’ connection to Ms. Trump. In 17 years of monitoring factories — including firms producing goods for Apple and Samsung — his investigators had never before been arrested.
Ms. Trump may suppose that her recusal from her company — she retains her ownership interest — means she is immune from favors from foreign governments seeking advantage inside the White House. But the regime of Xi Jinping doesn’t seem to see it that way. On the same day that Ms. Trump helped to host Mr. Xi at the Mar-a-Lago estate, China’s patent office granted her company a number of trademarks. Now the regime is trying to stifle embarrassing reports about how her company, far from heeding President Trump’s exhortation to “hire American,” is depending on the crude exploitation of Chinese workers.
Huajian, by the way, is not the only Trump contractor in China caught abusing its employees. The Post’s Drew Harwell reported in April that a factory used by the G-III Apparel Group, which makes dresses, blouses and other clothes for the Ivanka Trump brand, keeps workers on the line for nearly 60 hours a week for wages of little more than $62. Since the presidential election, sales of Ms. Trump’s clothes have reportedly soared, so there likely will be plenty more of such work in China and other Asian sweatshops; don’t expect Mr. Trump’s promise to return manufacturing jobs to the United States to be applied to his own family.
Ms. Trump has two ways to avoid being the beneficiary of unseemly favors — wanted or unwanted — from Mr. Xi’s regime. She can recuse herself from all government business involving China and all other countries where her clothes are made; or she can divest her interest in her company. If she does neither, it will be reasonable to ask whether sweatshop labor and political repression are now part of the fabric of U.S.-China relations.
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domain: news


Let’s start this one off with a brief list of things that are more important to the Golden State Warriors’ 2012-13 season than the health of Andrew Bogut.
1. The ongoing stability of a civilized society that permits professional sports to exist.
Other than those three things, each of which would definitively rule out the possibility of a season altogether, there’s nothing, NOTHING, more important to the Dubs than a healthy Andrew Bogut. If he’s not right when the season starts, you can forget about the Warriors becoming a solid defensive team, rebounding the ball at a respectable level or making the playoffs. Without him, all that’s out.
So how is it that the biggest step in his recovery comes and goes on October 15 and is relegated to an “oh, by the way” aside in just about every beat writer’s recap of the Warriors’ meaningless preseason loss to the Denver Nuggets. Priorities, people!
Rusty Simmons buried the lead like everyone else in his riveting chronicle of the Warriors’ decision to go on a four-game preseason roadtrip to build cameraderie and simulate a pair of lengthy trips they’ll face during the regular season. Who cares? Andrew Bogut was cleared for contact! That means he can start actually playing basketball. Yeah, he’s only allowed to play a little one-on-one, but still…This is the biggest break in his rehab since surgery.
And based on the list above, none of the three items deemed more important than his health made any news, so maybe this breakthrough deserved a little more attention than it got. At the very least, it brings the chances of Bogut’s participation in a preseason game from “nonexistent” to “pretty unlikely.” Considering that his return to action means more than any preseason win or loss, even the slightest positive step in his rehab merits notice.
When the next piece of Bogut Rehab News breaks, rest assured it’ll get the treatment it deserves here at BMH, where overreaction is typical and hyperbole is encouraged more than anything else, ever.


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In this searing and entertaining indictment of the super-rich, Linda McQuaig and Neil Brooks challenge the idea that today’s cavernous income inequality is the result of merit, and reveal how the global economic system has been hijacked by the wealthiest, with disastrous consequences for us all.
The high taxes and strong social programmes of the 1950s, ’60s and ’70s gave us sky-high economic growth and rising equality. In recent years, however, we’ve been constantly told that taxes and government spending are bad. McQuaig and Brooks systematically debunk these claims. As their research shows, not only do lower taxes correlate with worse societal outcomes – from health to the environment – they also fail to produce economic prosperity.
A daring challenge to the conventional wisdom, The Trouble with Billionaires provides the most compelling case yet for rejecting the Coalition’s mean-spirited mix of tax breaks for the rich and austerity for the rest.
Journalist and best-selling author Linda McQuaig has developed a reputation for challenging the establishment.
As a reporter for The Globe and Mail, she won a National Newspaper Award in 1989 for writing a series of articles which sparked a public inquiry into the activities of Ontario political lobbyist Patti Starr, and eventually led to Starr’s imprisonment. And as a Senior Writer for Maclean’s magazine, McQuaig (and Ian Austen) wrote two cover stories probing the questionable business dealings of Conrad Black in connection with a U.S. takeover bid in the early 1980s. An irate Black suggested on CBC radio that McQuaig should be horsewhipped.
In 1991, she was awarded an Atkinson Fellowship for Journalism in Public Policy to study the social welfare systems in Europe and North America.
Since 2002, McQuaig has written an op-ed column for the Toronto Star.
She is author of nine books on politics and economics – including six national bestsellers – such as Shooting the Hippo (short-listed for the Governor General’s Award for Non-Fiction), The Cult of Impotence, All You Can Eat, and It’s the Crude, Dude: War, Big Oil and the Fight for the Planet. Her most recent book, co-authored with Neil Brooks, is The Trouble With Billionaires.
Neil Brooks is director of the Graduate Program in Taxation at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Toronto. He has published extensively on income tax issues and has been a consultant on tax policy and reform issues to numerous governments around the world.
Click here to browse inside.

domain: library


PIANO FOR TWO
Beata Pincetić | Christos Sakellaridis
Beata Pincetić and Christos Sakellaridis, partners in life and art, have been performing and charming audiences across Europe for the last 14 years. Acclaimed by both, public and critics alike, their rhythmic vitality and passionate performances, create an unforgettable experience. Beata’s and Christos’s international career has led them to appear in Greece, Germany, Croatia, Norway, Cyprus, Switzerland and the U.K. and to perform in numerous international festivals like “Ledra International Chamber Music Festival”, “Sani Music Festival”, “Music der welt” contemporary music festival, and Open Days of Onassis Foundation, among others. Their repertoire ranges from J. S. Bach and Mozart to the 21st century, including major works for piano duo, along with the avant-garde music. Focusing on new music Innovative programing is one of the main interests of the duo. Last year they presented “Játékok” a theatrical concert performance for children where G. Kurtág’s work takes the form of a narrative. Notable concerts include performances of Simeon Ten Holt’s Canto Ostinato, and A.Piazzolla’s Works for 2 pianos. Their CD “20th century music for two pianos” has met with great critical acclaim. The duo is based in Athens, Greece.
East meets West
Piano for two presents a virtuoso program for piano duo and solo works from the 19th to the 21 century covering diverse musical traditions from east to west! Starting with some of the most popular works of J.Brahms and E.Grieg, the music will take us to the Far East with sounds of Japan (Yoshimatsu and Moriyama) and China (through the eyes of minimalist composer J.Adams), closing with the famous ballet music from “Petrushka” written by I.Stravinsky for Diaghilev’s world famous ballet company.
E.Grieg : 4 Norwegian Dances
J.Brahms : Hungarian dances (1st book)
- Yoshimatsu : Pleiades Dances VIII (solo B.Pincetic)
Regulus circuit (solo B.Pincetic)
- Moriyama : Let’s play a duet!
J.Adams : China gates (solo C.Sakellaridis)
I.Stravinsky : Three movements from Petrushka (piano duo version)


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area of lower Sepik River, Papua New Guinea
Height : 66 cm Age : mid of 20th century
“Kundu” drum in a typical sandglass shape. Very old instrument with wonderful patina. The sound of those instruments is identified as voice of ancestors across the whole Papua region.
Italian collection (obtained in original place in 60’s of 20th century)
Ask for price

domain: artistic


Dozens of B.C. First Nations failed to file financial statements by deadline
Thirty-seven First Nations in B.C. could lose a portion of their federal funding after they missed the deadline to file financial statements, according to Aboriginal Affairs Canada.
But many of them said Wednesday they were scrambling to gather all their financial data and had asked the federal government for an extension on filing their audited financial accounts.
Aboriginal Affairs says 581 First Nations across Canada had until midnight Tuesday to file their financial information — including salaries and expenses of band members — under the First Nations Financial Transparency Act. As of Wednesday morning, 191 — or just under one-third — had failed to do so.


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The recent announcement by Wells Fargo and Prospect Mortgage that they were ending their marketing service agreements (MSAs) with real estate brokers has sent a shock wave through management teams. MSAs have been around for years under the justification that placing a lender’s originators in a broker’s office was a way to guarantee sales volume and to recruit originators by providing them a book of business.
Some executives have even claimed that MSAs help give originators confidence in prospecting. The funny thing is I often hear real estate agents say that even if there is an MSA in place, they refer business to who they wanted to deal with anyway. In my opinion, MSAs have long been an expensive crutch lenders use to support people who can’t sell.
I think it is pretty clear that a sales force of order-takers is in trouble in the new world of originations. Shorter buyers’ attention spans; shifting target demographics; and a need for social media communication skills are just a few of the factors that have made selling dramatically different than in the past. The days of getting an hour with any prospect is over. You are lucky to get 5 minutes!
Today, prospects research a sales person and lender and reaches out when they are ready. This approach requires the sales person to be in the mix a lot earlier in the process. Moving forward, it will be essential for salespeople to be proficient and active on social media.
With the demise of MSAs, lenders will be forced to face the reality of what selling performance looks like today. In the past, typically 20 percent of the sales force generated 80 percent of the total volume. According to consulting firm Sales Benchmark Index, this imbalance has become even more pronounced with 13 percent of the salespeople generating 87 percent of the volume.
The growing reliance on precious few star performers has made recruiting them more difficult and losing them even more damaging for lenders. All of this has led to outrageous recruiting costs and a tipping point where lenders have no choice but to reformat their sales organizations to be competitive.
In my view, issues management teams need to address immediately are installing rookie programs, developing relevant social media content and training managers to actually manage their front-line personnel. These efforts are no longer optional but will be mandatory for both short-term and long-term success in our industry. It is time to make the investment.

domain: economics


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Experiments regarding the mechanical properties of soft tissues mostly rely on data collected on specimens that are extracted from their native environment. During the extraction and in the time period between the extraction and the completion of the measurements, however, the specimen may undergo structural changes which could generate unwanted artifacts. To further investigate the role of mechanics in physiology and possibly use it in clinical practices, it is thus of paramount importance to develop instruments that could measure the viscoelastic response of a tissue without necessarily excising it. Tantalized by this opportunity, we have designed a minimally invasive micro-indenter that is able to probe the mechanical response of soft tissues, in situ, via an 18G needle. Here, we discuss its working principle and validate its usability by mapping the viscoelastic properties of a complex, confined sample, namely, the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Our findings show that the mechanical properties of a biological tissue in its local environment may be indeed different than those that one would measure after excision, and thus confirm that, to better understand the role of mechanics in life sciences, one should always perform minimally invasive measurements like those that we have here introduced.
It is widely recognized that the micromechanical environment that surrounds cells and biological tissues can influence a large number of fundamental physiological processes, including cell growth, cell signaling, cell migration, tumor development, angiogenesis, wound healing, scar formation, and even a highly complex process such as stem cell differentiation1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. In the field of tissue engineering, it has been further demonstrated that the mechanical stability at the defect site of the host is of key importance for the growth of successful biocompatible materials9,10. It is thus not surprising that, over the last decade, there has been increasing attention to the development of experimental tools and methods that could locally map the mechanical properties of cells and tissues for both fundamental research and clinical applications11,12,13,14,15,16.
At present, the characterization of the mechanical properties of biological samples is still mostly carried out by means of (micro-)indentation17. For instance, recent indentation experiments on brain tissue–one of the softest tissues of the human body–have proven to offer valuable insights in the mechanics behind the structural heterogeneity that forms the gray and white matter. These studies hold promise for a better understanding of the response of brain tissue to life threatening conditions as severe as cancerous tumors, Alzheimer’s, and traumatic injury18,19,20. On the other side of the scale, in the field of orthopedics, indentation is known to provide previously neglected mechanical information on a tissue as stiff as cartilage21, proving the great versatility of the approach.
(Micro-)indentation experiments, however, suffer from one major limitation. To perform the measurement of the mechanical properties of a sample, the head of the (micro-)indenter, which is typically rather bulky, needs to move into contact with the top surface. Experiments can thus be performed only on excised specimens. Yet, the extraction and preservation protocol can introduce biases that may lead to wrong conclusions. The mechanical properties of most sensitive tissues, in fact, can be altered by drying, swelling and loss of confinement, or external stress22,23,24. One can conclude that an unbiased recording of tissue mechanical properties can only be obtained when the target tissue is still within the original surroundings. There is thus a strong demand for a device that could measure the mechanics of a sample below its surface via non- or minimally invasive means, and, in that way, enable true in situ characterization of tissue viscoelasticity25,26,27. In 2006, for example, Imer and colleagues introduced the so-called scanning force arthroscope, which is able to perform in vivo nano-indentation measurements during a standard arthroscopic procedure. Unfortunately, this instrument relies on a bulky stabilization module that prevents minimally invasive experiments28. More recently, our group has developed a needle-based micro-indenter, which, however, can only operate via apertures as large as 5 millimeters26. Alternative non-invasive techniques, such as optical coherence elastography, magnetic resonance elastography, and ultrasound elastography, certainly circumvent the excision issue, but are limited to provide the mechanical properties of tissues only at a relatively macroscopic scale and generally lack the ability to provide quantitative results27,29,30.
To solve this impasse, in this paper, we present a new micro-indenter that is able to probe the heterogeneous viscoelastic properties of soft tissues in situ through an 18G needle. The indenter is based on ferrule-top technology and employs the bending of a micro-machined cantilever to infer the viscoelastic properties of a sample by means of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)31,32,33. We validate the working principle of our Minimally Invasive Micro-Indentation (MIMI) on a silicon polymer that is often used as a substitute for soft tissues. To demonstrate the full potential of the approach proposed, we further present a dynamic mechanical analysis of the nucleus pulposus (NP) of a goat’s intervertebral disc (IVD) obtained by inserting the needle into the annulus fibrosus (AF), i.e., without extracting the NP from the IVD.
The main purpose of this study was to design a minimally invasive in situ indenter for viscoelastic characterization of tissues below the top surface. The indenter is based on a micro-machined cantilever spring operating as force transducer, the displacement of which is monitored by a Fabry-Pérot interferometer. The free hanging end of the cantilever is equipped with a spherical tip, which is used to indent the tissue (Fig. 1). After needle insertion, a piezoelectric manipulator, fixed at the proximal end of the needle, advances the probe inside the needle until a predefined load on the sample is achieved. After contact has been reached, a sinusoidal frequency sweep is imposed on the cantilever and the indentation response of the sample is recorded to determine the frequency dependent storage- and loss moduli of the sample. The fabrication details of the probe and the measurement protocol are further discussed in the Methods section (see also ref.31).
To validate our instrument against an established technique, we measured the storage and loss moduli of a polymeric reference sample (Poly(DiMethyl)Siloxane (PDMS) with a crosslinker:prepolymer weight ratio of 1:20) in three different experiments. The first experiment (Fig. 2A) was performed on the top surface of the sample by means of a table top indenter described in previous research, which was thoroughly validated against traditional macroscopic shear rheology31. In the second experiment (Fig. 2B), we used our MIMI indenter to pierce the same sample and measure the mechanical properties of the material in the bulk. For the third experiment (Fig. 2C), which is designed to test for any systematic errors of our instrument after insertion through a rigid material, we prepared a dummy sample obtained by replacing the NP of a goat’s IVD with a polymeric sample identical to the one used in the previous two experiments. Measurements of the mechanical properties of the dummy NP were then carried out by inserting our MIMI indenter through the AF. For more details, we refer the reader to the Methods section.
Figure 3 shows the dynamic response of the PDMS for a frequency range of 0.05–10 Hz as measured in the three experiments. Each frequency scan (containing 15 frequencies) was fully independent and no fitting was applied. Storage and loss moduli (G′ and G′′, respectively) are presented for 5 frequency sweeps per experiment. All five sweeps were performed in the same location. It can be observed from Fig. 3 that the frequency dependent storage and loss moduli are in quantitative agreement with each other.
To demonstrate the capabilities of the MIMI indenter in full, we have further measured the storage and loss moduli of the NP without extracting it from the IVD.
The NP is a proteoglycan-rich type of connective tissue confined between the two endplates of the disc and the AF. It is known to play a crucial role in the mechanical function of the IVD and its degeneration is considered one of the underlying factors of low back pain34,35. An accurate assessment of the mechanical properties of this tissue is thus extremely relevant to a better understanding of the causes of certain conditions and on the definition of protocols for engineered replacement materials. The mechanical properties of the NP, however, may be drastically altered when the original confinement of the NP is released or when brought in contact with air or a liquid with unphysiological osmolarity. Not surprisingly, different rheology measurements on extracted NPs, performed according to various protocols, do provide different values for the elastic and viscous moduli of the material36,37,38,39,40. Our needle-based indenter, however, gives us the opportunity to record the in situ values of G′ and G′′ of the NP while maintaining the original confinement and environment inside the disc. In our measurements, we decided to limit the frequency of the sweep to 0.5–10 Hz, as measuring at faster timescales reduces the influence of time dependent changes that occur in soft, hydrated tissues. Moreover, for the sake of measurement time, we reduced the number of frequencies in the sweep to 5. A longer measurement time would lead to increased deterioration in the sample, which may cause a change in viscoelastic properties over time. In Fig. 4 we report the results obtained by probing three different locations within the same IVD. The moduli reported for each location are averaged over 5 frequency scans. Figure 5 further shows the observed in situ storage and loss modulus at 1.0 Hz on 9 different IVD. Each box represents five measurements taken in the same location.
The agreement between the results of the first and second experiment on the PDMS sample demonstrates that our MIMI approach is able to accurately capture the viscoelastic properties of an homogeneous material below its top surface. The agreement of these two sets of data with those obtained with the dummy IVD further shows that the insertion of the needle through a rigid material (i.e., the AF) does not introduce any systematic error in the measurements. Moreover, the decreasing trend of the loss modulus of PDMS with decreasing frequency is well-known and confirmed by literature41.
As for the experiments performed on the IVD, data collected on the same disc were found to be consistent. Measurements performed on different discs, however, seem to suggest that the mechanical properties of the NP vary significantly from sample to sample, as already reported in the literature36,37,38. The storage modulus of the NP varied between 1.7 and 7.2 kPa over all the recorded discs. These quantitative differences in G′ may be described to the position of the disc in the spine of the animal39,42.
Most importantly, we have observed a sharp contrast between the NP moduli for goat IVD measured in situ and those reported in the literature after extraction, which were presented in the order of 10–50 kPa38. This order of magnitude difference may be caused by the extensive procedure that is required to extract the NP from the IVD. Prior to rheological testing, the IVD is cut open and the nucleus is surgically removed, both of which are procedures that could damage NP structure. Moreover, during sample preparation the NP is exposed to air and the original confinement is lost, resulting in drying and swelling. The loss of confinement and the resulting swelling of the nucleus tissue may lead to the higher storage modulus reported in the literature. The NP, in fact, consists of large amounts water-binding proteoglycans, embedded in loosely structured collagen fibrils, which are not fully stretched in their native state due to the confinement conditions35. Upon release of these constraints, we hypothesize that the swelling enables the collagen fibers to fully stretch, thereby increasing the stiffness of the tissue.
From the results obtained in the IVD experiments, we conclude that the mechanical properties of the NP can be accurately observed only when the NP is probed in its native environment, where the tissue is properly confined and exposed to its natural hydration conditions. One can further extrapolate this result to the numerous other tissues that, when inside the human body, are exposed to strain (such as skin, arteries, veins), confinement (brain, eye), or swelling. These highly sensitive tissues may all have a strong mechanical reaction to extraction from their surroundings. Measurements in situ are therefore mandatory for a quantitative assessment of the role of mechanics in their development or degradation. Similarly, we propose that biomaterials designed for integration in the body should be mechanically characterized in an environment that resembles their intended area–such as a loaded disc culture system43 – to avoid a possible mismatch between in situ and ex situ tissue mechanical properties.
In conclusion, we have introduced an indenter that can perform accurate measurements of the elastic and viscous properties of a material at the end of an 18G needle. We believe that the localized and minimally invasive character of MIMI measurements, combined with the versatility of the probe it is based on, may soon trigger an entire new generation of experiments that will enable a deeper understanding of the role of mechanics in physiology and tissue engineering.
Outlook and Limitations
We have chosen to limit the band of the frequency sweep to 0.05–10 Hz, corresponding to timescales in which most natural processes occur. Oscillations with very low frequencies (F < 0.05 Hz) may be biologically significant but were not attainable for in situ application. The analysis of G′′ is highly sensitive to perturbations in the low frequency range, as the energy stored in the sample (and therefore the obtained phase shift) at those frequencies is minimal. Friction in the needle shaft caused by piercing the AF tissue hampered the movement of the probe in the lumen of the needle when the speed was very low, resulting in an erroneous phase estimation of the oscillating indentation signal. The upper limit of the frequency band is dependent on the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric translator and can be increased when a translator with a smaller maximum displacement is selected.
One of the main limitations of our force sensor is the fragility of the cantilever. During the course of this study we had to replace the sensor several times due to failure as a result of overloading or obstruction of the cantilever. Future experiments may benefit from force sensors with innovative designs such as membranes or MEMS based structures. Miniaturization of the sensor to sub-millimeter size would reduce the impact on the sample even more.
Force transducer and readout
The optical force transducer was built in-house out of borosilicate parts and consisted of a cantilever mounted on top of a cleaved single mode optical fiber. An extensive description of probe fabrication can be found elsewhere, although probes have been slightly adapted for this study31. Instead of using a ferrule, we mounted the cantilever on an 8 cm long borosilicate capillary (diameter: 1 mm, wall thickness: 0.21 mm, Science Products GmbH), as illustrated in Fig. 1. The optical fiber (Corning SMF-28) is supported by a second borosilicate capillary (diameter: 0.55 mm, wall thickness: 0.075 mm, Vitrocom), rigidly mounted inside the first capillary. A Fabry-Pérot cavity was created between the cleaved facet of the fiber and the cantilever by coupling the distal end of the fiber to an interferometer (OP1550 V2, Optics11). The recorded intensity signal on the detector encodes for the deflection of the cantilever, which can be obtained by lock-in detection, as described in previous work44. A schematic of the experimental setup is presented in Fig. 6. The probe was mounted on a long-range piezoelectric transducer (P-602.5L8, Physik Instrumente GmbH), which in turn was mounted on a coarse positioning stage. To enable a minimally invasive measurement, the probe was inserted into an 18G needle (in-house fabricated from a stainless steel capillary with diameter: 1.3 mm, wall thickness: 0.1 mm, Salomon’s metalen b.v.) and was able to move freely in axial direction with respect to the needle thanks to the piezoelectric transducer and a manipulator. The needle was fixed on a motorized linear stage (LTS300, Thorlabs GmbH), which was used for needle insertion.
Before installation in the needle, the spring constant of newly fabricated probes was calibrated using an in-house developed calibration method44. Cantilever spring constants varied between 60–70 N/m, slightly depending on the exact position of the spherical indentation tip at the far end of the cantilever. Prior to each experiment, adequate probe performance was confirmed by a calibration procedure on glass. Whenever a probe did not perform satisfactory due to drifts or bad interference fringe visibility, it was discarded and replaced. A possible geometrical offset between the position of the cleaved optical fiber and that of the spherical tip was accounted for during the calibration procedure on glass.
Dynamic mechanical analysis
DMA can be used to obtain information about the dynamic mechanical moduli of a sample. Its application to indentation has been described in previous research31,33. By means of a feedback control loop on the bending of the cantilever a predefined oscillatory load-sweep was applied on top of a fixed static load. Control of the applied load (i.e. cantilever deflection, instead of only probe movement) was essential to ensure that a consistent stress was applied to the sample at each indentation. Upon contact with the tissue, the feedback-controlled piezoelectric transducer moved the probe forward (thus bending the cantilever) until a predefined value for the applied load (~300) by the cantilever was reached. This load was kept stable for at least 60s to allow for dissipation of the tissue. Afterwards, the load was oscillated sequentially (amplitude ~10) for a finite number of increasing frequencies (5 periods each), logarithmically spaced between 0.05 Hz (0.5 Hz for the NP measurements) and 10 Hz. During all indentations it was ensured that the indentation depth stayed within the linear viscoelastic regime and that indentation depth was much smaller than the bead radius (the maximum static indentation depth was 40). Shear storage and loss moduli were obtained by employing an analytical solution for oscillatory indentation using a spherical indenter obtained in previous research31,33.
Although our indenter is limited to a compressive motion, moduli in this study are presented as shear moduli (i.e. the ratio of shear stress to shear strain). The modulus of compression (E) was converted into the shear modulus (G) by means of Poission’s ratio, which was assumed to be 0.5 for roughly incompressible soft biological tissue45,46. We have explicitly made the conversion to shear modulus to facilitate a quantitative comparison of our in situ results with classical rheology as well as other shear-based techniques.
During the in situ measurements discs were placed in a clamp mounted on top of a three-axis micro manipulation stage (MAX312D, Thorlabs GmbH) and positioned in front of the needle (Fig. 6). Prior to the first insertion, discs were probed with a 21G hypodermic needle (Neolus NN-2138R, Terumo) to locate a suitable insertion trajectory. Subsequently, the 18G needle, housing the micro-indenter, was inserted through the annulus. All measurements were performed 1–3 mm inside the NP. After reaching the target location, insertion of the needle was stopped and the probe was carefully advanced until contact with the tissue was observed. In case of contamination of the lumen of the needle, which was indicated by premature contact with the tissue, the probe and the needle were retracted and the lumen was cleaned. After finding contact with the tissue, the probe was retracted for 100 and the dynamic mechanical analysis procedure was started (see section Dynamic mechanical analysis). Five frequency sweeps were performed for each needle insertion. After indentation, the probe and needle were retracted to their respective stating positions.
For the ex situ reference measurements the probe was positioned such that it slightly protruded the tip of the needle. The sample was placed vertically in front of the device and the probe was moved forward until contact was found. Afterwards, the aforementioned measurement procedure was followed.
Intervertebral disc preparation
Isolated intact spines of skeletally mature female milk goats (age 3–4 years) were obtained from a local butcher and processed immediately after isolation. To prepare specimens for testing, individual discs were separated from the spine with an oscillating saw, maintaining 2–5 mm of endplate on both sides. Subsequently, discs were brushed clean, rinsed and stored in physiological saline soaked gauzes at −20 °C. Before testing, discs were thawed in lukewarm saline water for 30 min.
Reference disc- and sample preparation
To verify proper functioning of our needle based indenter during in situ measurements, we tested a dummy IVD sample in which the NP was replaced with PDMS (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning) with a crosslinker:prepolymer weight ratio of 1:20. The PDMS was mixed, degassed for 30 min, poured into a glass petridish and allowed to cure at room temperature in a flow chamber for 96 hrs. Afterwards, the NP of an IVD was surgically removed by tweezers and a scalpel after drilling a small hole through the bone of the endplate. After NP removal, a cylinder of PDMS was cut from the cured sample and placed firmly into the disc. To fixate the PDMS in all directions the disc was resealed. The remainder of the PDMS in the petridish served as the polymeric reference sample.
The computer code used to generate the results of this study is available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.
All raw and processed data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The research leading to these results is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW) under the iMIT program (P11-13) and has received funding from LASERLAB-EUROPE under the EC’s Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 284464) and the European Research Council (615170). TS acknowledges support by ZonMW vici grant 918.11.635. The occasional IVD preparation of C. Rustenburg was greatly appreciated. The authors further thank H. van Hoorn and M. J. Slaman for fruitful discussions.
DI is co-founder and shareholder of Optics11.
Publisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
A correction to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23164-1.
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Beekmans, S.V., Emanuel, K.S., Smit, T.H. et al. Minimally Invasive Micro-Indentation: mapping tissue mechanics at the tip of an 18G needle. Sci Rep 7, 11364 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10526-4
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Rotten Tomatoes Rating: 74% (Critics) / 82% (Audience)
Directed By: M. Night Shyamalan
Written By: M. Night Shyamalan
Starring: James McAvoy, Anya Taylor-Joy, Haley Lu Richardson, Jessica Sula and Betty Buckley
Studio: Universal Pictures
Synopsis: Three girls are kidnapped by a man with a diagnosed 23 distinct personalities, and must try and escape before the apparent emergence of a frightful new 24th. – (Source)
The Good: James McAvoy was amazing in this film. The way he not only would change his voice but also make subtle changes to his physicality (from his posture to his gait to even facial ticks) was really impressive and made each of the alters feel and look like separate characters.
Anya Taylor-Joy complimented McAvoy’s bravura performance by giving her teen outsider a lot of depth that even without the flashbacks would have made the viewer wonder at what was just below the surface with her.
And to his credit M. Night Shyamalan did a bang up job creating a tense and at times frightening movie that seemed like an abduction horror tale but was actually the origin story of a new super-villain. The sleight of hand that he pulled off with this script and the really satisfying twist at the end made me look at every scene in this movie with a new eye upon re-watching it.
The Bad: I tend to give characters in films like this a bit of leeway when it comes to them making really dumb decisions but for Dr. Fletcher (Betty Buckley) to pay a housecall to a patient that she had the sneaking suspicion had been taken over by some of his more unhinged alters was just monumentally stupid.
The Ugly: Uncle John is the worst…Lil Casey should have put him down when she had the chance.
Final Verdict: A tight and suspenseful movie that featured a stellar performance by James McAvoy and some really tense scenes of claustrophobic terror. And while the “Big Shyamalan Twist!” was a pretty darn big twist, right up there with what we got in THE SIXTH SENSE in my estimation, but even without it this movie was really, really good all on its own. But the twist did make SPLIT all the better.


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Such has been the success of their Dream Doors Poole franchise, Clive Coldwell and Angela Lowe enjoyed sales of £175,000 in their first five months of trading and are more than a year ahead of their business plan.
The couple hold the record for the fastest showroom launch in Dream Doors’ 12-year history, having completed their initial training course in December and opened the doors to their showroom by the end of March.
“We couldn’t have asked for a better, or a faster, launch to the business. Everything has worked out exactly how we wanted,” said Coldwell. “It has been back-to-back appointments since we launched. Last week alone we sold three full kitchens, while our sales in June hit £65,000.”
Coldwell and Lowe took voluntary redundancy from the IT sector at the end of 2009 to pursue their passion for home improvement by fitting kitchens and bathrooms locally. However, they soon realised the hands-on aspects of their business didn’t suit their long-term aspirations.
Coldwell said: “As soon as we started looking for management franchises in the home improvement sector, Angela and I could see that the Dream Doors model is far better suited to our experience and abilities.”
The busy start to their franchise hasn’t been without its problems, as Coldwell explained: “We’ve got 10 jobs to fit at the moment, and the challenge we have is whether to accelerate our business plan and take on full-time fitters instead of relying on sub-contractors.
“That usually happens in years two and beyond, but we have not even been open a year yet! It’s a good problem to have, as I’d rather that than sitting here twiddling my thumbs waiting for customers to come in through the door.”
Published: 15 September 2011
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Chick-fil-A Expands in Bay Area
BY Trudy Ring
August 25 2012 3:05 PM ET
Fast-food chain Chick-fil-A, which has drawn protests because of its donations to antigay groups, is opening restaurants in the gay-friendly San Francisco Bay area.
One restaurant opened Thursday in San Jose to a crowd of both supporters and detractors. It joins an existing Bay Area location in Fairfield, reports SFBay.ca, and another Chick-fil-A will open in Walnut Creek October 11 — National Coming Out Day. The company has bought property in Novato and plans a restaurant there as well.
San Francisco TV station KTVU has coverage of the San Jose opening here.
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What is the mechanism of action? But take a few minutes and look at the product comparisons. The data showed the amount of ecdysterone one would have to take in order to reach toxicity.
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Results were further improved when ecdysterone was consumed with protein. This compound is so non-toxic that this is a perfectly safe amount to consume. R, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, The amount of feed given to these animals did not increase, only their body weights increased. If the patents are true, it may even increase muscle mass and decrease fat mass if used long enough. Fadeev in Russia showed some very impressive overall results. One recent study ecdysterone lowered blood sugar levels when they were in the normal 5.
Studies conducted in the Soviet Union in showed ecdysterone helps "increase hepatic protein synthesis and subsequently promote positive nitrogen balance! Smetanin, researcher of the Smolenk State Medical Institute in Russia speculates that ecdysterone decreases urea concentration in the body and increases hemoglobin levels by increasing a process called erythropoiesis.
Erythropoiesis is the development of mature red blood cells. This leads to a stimulation of the anabolic process in protein metabolism, which in turn leads to a positive nitrogen balance in the body. The most often quoted ecdysterone scientific study was published in Scientific Sports Bulletin by S.
The objective of Simakin's famous study was to determine the effect of ecdysterone on muscle tissue mass and fat mass, while testing for hormonal changes in the subjects. For the study, three control factors were used: The results were significantly in favor of the third factor. Of the 78 highly trained male and female athletes who consumed just protein, they showed only a slight increase in muscle mass for the 10 day period of time.
Let me say that again: Safety testing was conducted during the same time period which showed no difference in hormonal balance. Wow, if ecdysterone plus protein can do this for highly trained athletes, just think what it can do for the average person! It's interesting to note the amount of Ecdysterone these Soviet Studies used.
According to Derek Cornelius, "Most of the experiments used 5 mg per kilogram of body mass per day as the dosage. So, the average person should consume mg of ecdysterone per day to meet this dosage. This compound is so non-toxic that this is a perfectly safe amount to consume. Increase Stamina, Endurance, And Energy: Ecdysterone was tested in another study performed in by B.
For this research, highly trained speed skaters between the ages of 18 and 28 were tested for work capacity, body weight, lung capacity and VO 2 max. The results speak for themselves: Basically, they received more oxygen to their cells! This equates to decreasing recovery time, maximizing performance, permitting optimal muscle anabolism and maximum fat reduction.
It also means the athletes using ecdysterone compared to those on a placebo experienced increased stamina, endurance and energy. A study conducted using athletes performed by B. Fadeev in Russia showed some very impressive overall results. However, by this time, the results should come as no surprise. How long did it take before these athletes reported these effects?
To make matters even better, no adverse side effects were reported. Bodybuilders, athletes and fitness enthusiasts will find the extra gains in lean muscle mass and reduction in body fat very beneficial. Based on all the research, Ecdysterone looks to be not only incredibly effective as a performance enhancer on all facets, but also very safe. Since it is not a required nutrient, there are no symptoms of deficiency.
However, if you would like to experience more energy and strength gains in less time than you've probably ever experienced, grab some ecdysterone and protein because you are the perfect candidate! Check out the section below to learn more on side effects and recommended dosages.
How Much Should Be Taken? Are There Any Side Effects? What about side effects? That's the best part! As you already know by now, research studies show no negative side effects, no hormonal interactions, and a very low toxicity level for ecdysterone. When tested by ICN Biochemicals on December 31, , a complete safety test was performed to determine the toxicity.
The data showed the amount of ecdysterone one would have to take in order to reach toxicity. In other words, an average lb person would have to take , mg of the compound to reach this point! This is 4, times as much as the recommended dose. So, as you can see, it's very safe with an incredibly low toxicity. Furthermore, endocrine testing showed that ecdysterone caused no effect whatsoever on the mammalian hormonal system.
Testing was measured on testosterone, cortisol, insulin, ACTH, growth hormone, and leutinizing hormone. The data not only shows ecdysterone to be extremely safe, but effective as well!
The recommended dose of ecdysterone is mg per day and upwards of mg per day. We've even heard reports of people receiving amazing results working up to using as much as mg safely per day. Remember, ecdysterone should be taken with protein-rich meals for best results! Bodybuilding has played a large part in forming my personality. It has given me the discipline that life success demands, and the determination to ove. Beta-ecdysterone ecdysterone, or, Hydroxyecdysone is a type of ecosteroid, a naturally occurring steroid like compound.
Over a ecdysteroids have been identified in many plants and insects. Most commercial ecdysteroids come from plants such as Leuzea carthamoides. Some studies suggest that that Beta-ecdysterone is a powerful anabolic agent, that may enhance protein synthesis and thereby increase lean muscle mass. Why consider Beta Ecdysterone? Beta-ecdysterone may be of benefit to people looking to increase lean muscle mass. Beta Ecdysterone Research research by Russian researchers Syrov and Kurmukov found that ecdysterone showed anabolic activity and increased protein synthesis.
Animal studies in both rats and Japanese quail have demonstrated significant anabolic effects Slama et al. Ecdysterone is also believed to have an anabolic effect in humans Chermynkh et al. A Russian research study Chermynkh et al. They demonstrated that ecdysterone had a wider anabolic action on contractile proteins of the muscle than methandrostenolone. That year another group of Russian of researchers Simakin et al. Research also found that ecdysterone can assit to lower blood glucose levels without altering insulin levels Yoshida et al.
One recent study ecdysterone lowered blood sugar levels when they were in the normal 5. Therefore, it could be of benefit in the treatment of type-II diabetes, and may aid weight loss. Despite these positive findings by Russian researchers, there has been no research, performed outside of Russia, that looks at the effects of ecdysterone on human performance.
Therefore, ecdysterone cannot be confirmed as an effective anabolic agent, in humans, until further research is performed, in a well-controlled trial and on a large scale, that is widely available for review purposes.
Dinan, L Phytoecdysteroids: Izvestiya Akademic Nauk, Seriya Bilogicheskaya. Experientia 52 7 , Isoflavone Methoxyflavone is 5-methylmethoxyisoflavone is a phytoestrogen that has weak estrogenic activity.
Theoretically, some phytoestrogens may inhibit the aromatase enzyme and thus decrease estrogen formation from testosterone and androstenedione. Because they possible act as inhibitors of estrogen by competitively binding to the estrogen receptors, they may increase testosterone production in much the same way as the anti-estrogens such as clomiphene — Clomid and anastrazole - Arimidex Decreasing the inhibitory effects of estrogen on GnRH and LH resulting in LH driven increased testicular steroidogenesis and subsequently increased testosterone production.
A number of animal studies and studies on postmenopausal women have shown, that while the various phytoestrogens vary somewhat in their properties in general they have a suppressing effect on the HTP axis and the result is decreased levels of both total bioavailable testosterone.
Isoflavones such as Methoxyflavone are poor inhibitors of aromatase than flavones such as chrysin. Phytoestrogens, may have specific health benefits,  and may act to control endogenous sex hormone levels in both men and women,  are generally not productive for athletes wishing to increase muscle mass and strength.
But as already mentioned, some bioflavonoids a loose term that includes isoflavones, anthocyanins, flavans, favonols, flavones, flavanones hesperidin, rutin, and citrus bioflavonoids , however may be very useful under certain circumstances.
One study found quercetin and fisetin, two naturally occurring bioflavonoids were shown to mobilize lipids and enzymes in the absence or presence of epinephrine in intact rat adipocytes .
Results of this study suggest that some flavonoids act synergistically with epinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors to stimulate adipocyte lipolysis. Thus these bioflavonoids may be especially useful in the high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate anabolic diet.
Phytoestrogens and gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity and pituitary luteinizing hormone release in the rat. Endocrinology Mar; 3: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Potentiation of beta-adrenoceptor agonist-mediated lipolysis by quercetin and fisetin in isolated rat adipocytes.
Review of the biology of Quercetin and related bioflavonoids. Food Chem Toxicol ; Antioxidants and Cancer III: Altern Med Rev Jun; 5 3: What are the claims? What is the mechanism of action? Most people familiar with Ipriflavone know that it has been extensively studied with respect to bone metabolism, or more specifically, osteoporosis.
For instance, one representative animal study found ipriflavone inhibited parathyroid hormone-, vitamin D-, PGE2-, and interleukin 1 stimulated bone resorption 1.
The effects of Ipriflavone on bone loss have also been demonstrated in humans. The same protocol was used throughout most of these studies i. Several two-year studies looked at women immediately postmenopause age and found bone mass was maintained or improved slightly in the ipriflavone groups while those in the placebo groups experienced significant bone loss 2,3,4,5. While Ipriflavone does not have any significant direct estrogenic effects, it does enhance the effects of estrogen, particularly in bone, the thyroid gland, and the gastrointestinal tract 6,7.
In bone, ipriflavone makes estrogen's bone sparing effect more potent. Ipriflavone, like the soy flavone genistein, has decent affinity for the estrogen receptor-beta 8.
Iamges: beta-ecdysterone anabolic environment enhancer
They absolutely love this product and you will too if you give it a try.
What Does It Do?
Review of the biology of Quercetin and related bioflavonoids. What Ketones have been shown to do is suppress your appetite. Nutrition Supplementation Clayton's Health Facts: Whilst there is a lot of controversy with regard to these two elements we have found that used in a synerstic balance they offer only positive enhancement and work particularly well with in this beta-ecdysterone anabolic environment enhancer to enhance and optimise the anabolic environment naturally. The beta-ecdysterone anabolic environment enhancer often quoted ecdysterone scientific study was published in Scientific Sports Bulletin by S.
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Shrink Films Side & L Sealing
Automatic and manual machines working with retractable films which allow to obtain a high quality package without folds after passing through a shrinkage oven which adapts film to product shape and dimensions. This type of machine is aimed at food and non food market.
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If anyone every truly spoke through his music, it was the late Dr G Yunupingu.
When I first heard his voice I was startled by it.
I was at my desk listening to a bunch of live recordings from the 2006 Darwin Festival. I listened intently as the late Dr G Yunupingu gave only his second solo performance, an acoustic set.
I listened over and over — I couldn't get this strange, beautiful voice out of my head.
At 36, this relatively young man with three distinctive names had spent much of his life playing in the background of his family band, Yothu Yindi, led by his close relative — a senior member of his Gumatj clan from north-east Arnhem Land.
On that live recording, in among the songs in his Yolngu Matha language about epic journeys, totemic beings and reverberant songlines, he told one incredible story in English: his own.
"I was born blind, and I don't know why."
Blind from birth, Dr G Yunupingu conveyed everything you needed to know about him in his songs. The lilt of his voice, fragile but deeply resonant, seemed to reach into the sky for an answer.
Dr G's blindness may have deepened his musical abilities.
"Being a musician is about hearing, and when you are blind you're listening more than normal to everything around you," says Anna Reid, the dean of the University of Sydney's Conservatorium of Music.
"Because your heightened sense is your hearing sense, you're able to merge sounds in quite a different way because you're so in tune with what's happening around you.
"Certainly his music is like that. In each of his songs he brings a music that is quite ethereal, textured, and therefore has this depth that's quite unusual."
An unconventional artist
Just as his kinswoman, the celebrated artist Nyapanyapa Yunupingu, unconventionally paints her own story in her wildly original style, so did Dr G with music.
A self-taught multi-instrumentalist from Galiwin'ku on Elcho Island just off the Arnhem Land coast, Dr G played the guitar upside down — with his left hand. Dr G had no use for picks, he simply kept his fingernails long.
Around the time he released his debut album in early 2008, I invited him to sing in our studios here in Sydney. After we recorded a short acoustic two-track set, with only one accompaniment — a double bass — I was confronted with a rare problem.
Dr G, I was told, did not want to speak. His collaborator Michael Hohnen would do the talking instead.
It was strange talking about Dr G and having someone else reply for him while he was sitting across the desk, directly in my line of sight, so close I could hear him breathe.
I kept hoping he would interrupt, break his silence — which I have to say at that time was not enigmatic, but slightly confusing.
During that strange interview, Dr G barely moved. There was no body language at all, and no sign that he was even listening, although I'm certain he was.
Dr G maintained radio silence for years. It was a gamble to release a full-length album sung almost entirely in an Aboriginal language in 2008.
But pretty quickly, the power of Dr G's music — his talent as a composer, his idiosyncratic playing and his high tenor voice — cut through.
Described by respected music critic Bruce Elder as "the greatest voice this continent has ever recorded", Dr G's debut went triple platinum and came in at number 30 in the Sydney Morning Herald's list of the top 100 Australian albums of all time.
He went on to release two more studio albums, Rrakala and The Gospel Album, and a live concert album in 2013.
Tributes flow around Australia
Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has described Dr G as a remarkable Australian, who shared Yolngu language with the world.
Opposition Leader Bill Shorten tweeted that the blind musician "helped Australians see the wonder of the world's oldest living culture".
Labor Senator Malarndirri McCarthy says that through his music, Dr G leaves a great legacy.
His death plunges his family, community and many outside the Yolngu kinship system into mourning.
Out of respect, there is a prohibition on the speaking of his name and the use of his image — but significantly, not his music.
A fitting salute to a beautiful voice
On his official Facebook page, there is one particularly moving tribute from a woman whose partner, also receiving treatment for kidney disease, had been sharing a room with Dr G in the renal unit of the Royal Darwin Hospital.
She says that her partner became distressed during recent treatment, and then "all of a sudden" Dr G began singing from the next bed.
"Such a beautiful, calming, spiritual voice that man had."
When Dr G performed with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in 2013, his relative Susan Dhanggal Gurriwiwi introduced one of Dr G's best-loved songs, Djarrimirri.
"He's singing about himself, how he was brought to the world and he's covered with rainbow," she said.
"Djarri is a rainbow. He is presenting that message to the world — telling the world that he is yothu djarrimir: 'I am a rainbow child, and I am covered with rainbow.'"