text:
For historic dramatist Leslie Goddard, there was an immediate connection with the firebrand Alice Paul.
Goddard, a theater and history major from Darien, kicked off the 34th Annual Sampler Lecture Series March 9 with “Alice Paul: Winning Votes for Women.” The audience at the McHenry County Historical Museum was treated to brief retrospective of the suffragist's fight for women's voting rights using snippets from leltters to her conservative mother and recollections of petitions, protests, marches and meetings with President Woodrow Wilson, strategizing with colleagues in the cause – such as Lucy Burns and Inez Milholland. Milholland led the Woman Suffrage Procession in Washington, D.C., on March 3, 1913 , astride a white horse.
Born Jan. 11, 1885, into a New Jersey Quaker family, Paul embraced the cause of women’s rights with unstoppable zeal. Highly educated, with degrees in sociology, economics and law, she commanded attention – be it leading demonstrations or even while cooling her heels in jail. After picketing the White House (this went on eight hours a day for months) and being subjected to verbal abuse and battery, Paul was sentenced to seven months in the notorious Occoquan Workhouse – rather than submit to an unjust fine. She and 30 other women, typically serving anywhere from three days to 60 days, endured wormy soup, stale bread and appalling living conditions. A hunger strike, despite forced feeding using a tube, eventually led to their release.
"We are fighting for change to make the world safe for democracy," Paul said, parroting Wilson's World War government line.
In 1916 she founded the National Woman’s Party and 1923 she introduced the Equal Rights Amendment. It states, “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”
Passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to the states for ratification, it has taken this long to secure the necessary thee-quarter approval. The last three states to ratify the ERA – Nevada (2017), Illinois (2018) and Virginia (2020) are suing to force its adoption as the 28th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution … at the very same time Nebraska, Tennessee Idaho, Kentucky, and South Dakota are attempting to rescind their ratification of the amendment.
"If you don't stand for the things you believe in then life is no good," Goddard said. She added that Paul and the women's movement underscores a fundamental truth this nation needs to reflect on now as never before: solidarity is possible without consensus.
- Kurt Begalka
© 2024 MCHS- All Rights Reserved.

domain: politics


text:
When it opened in 1965 it was the Huntington School District’s third junior high school and even housed a wing filled with elementary grade level students. Today J. Taylor Finley Middle School houses about 700 seventh and eighth graders. A ceremony to commemorate the building’s 50th anniversary of service is slated for Thursday, September 29 at 9:30 a.m.
Finley’s eighth graders will be assembled on the grassy island in front of the building during the ceremony. Students and staff will have an opportunity to sign a large birthday card. Principal John Amato will speak about the school and its anniversary of service to the community.
Huntington School Board President Thomas DiGiacomo and several current longtime and retired faculty members will also speak during the ceremony. The group will sing Happy Birthday before a time capsule containing various relevant items will be buried. It is to be excavated on the occasion of Finley’s 100th anniversary.
Finley's first students disembark
the bus and enter the building.
Named after a former district superintendent, Finley was erected during 1964/65 at a cost of $3.048 million. The bonds used to finance the building’s construction were retired during the 1993/94 school year.
J. Taylor Finley Junior High School opened on Thursday, September 30, 1965. The structure originally contained 42 regular sized classrooms, 17 smaller classrooms, six “extra-large” classrooms, a gymnasium, cafeteria and large group instruction room, which is now used exclusively as an auditorium. Some modifications have been made to the initial floor plan. The site includes 20 acres of land, including athletic fields, three tennis courts, asphalt outdoor basketball courts and several parking areas.
“September 30th was just another day for 535 students in the 7th, 8th and 9th grades, except for one important change: classes were in the new J. Taylor Finley Junior High School,” stated the October 1965 issue of District 3 News and Views, a newsletter mailed to district residents.
Finley’s first students were greeted by founding Principal Anthony Quintilian and Assistant Principal Frank DeGraff. Cameramen were on hand that first day to record the arrival of buses at about 7:45 a.m. along with an assortment of other activities, including students eating lunch in classrooms because the cafeteria wasn’t ready for use.
“The move into the district’s newest building was made smoothly that morning,” the newsletter reported. “Shortly after 8:00 a.m. the students went on a tour of the school and grounds. Then the schedule of classes began, with students armed with mimeographed floor plans to help them find their way.”
The first Finley students had to eat
bag lunches in classrooms.
The students that initially filled Finley’s classrooms were drawn from R.L Simpson and Robert K. Toaz junior high schools, which were jammed at the time. A few days later, hundreds of sixth graders also moved into Finley, occupying a wing of the school to relieve overcrowding in the district’s elementary schools. Finley Elementary School operated for several years until the enrollment boom subsided.
When Finley opened its doors in late September 1965 it was out of necessity. The district desperately needed the additional space the new school offered, despite ongoing construction of the building.
Finley actually consists of two separate buildings that sit side-by-side and are connected by two corridors with a courtyard in between. The north building houses academic classrooms and offices and the auditorium. The south or auxiliary building includes a cafeteria, gymnasium, locker rooms, music rooms and the original wood and metal shops.
“Workmen were still busy in several areas, but the main academic building was completed and functioning well,” the district newsletter stated in its coverage of the September 30 opening. “The auxiliary building housing shops, gymnasium stations and music rooms is not fully completed, but is expected to be ready for use very shortly. Also, bag lunches are expected to end soon and full cafeteria service [will] begin.”
Sixth graders moved into Finley on Monday, October 4. “Thirteen classes from six elementary schools are attending Finley to relieve overcrowding in those schools,” stated the district newsletter.
Finley’s sixth grade program became the district’s tenth elementary school with Flower Hill, Jefferson, Lincoln, Nathan Hale, Roosevelt, Southdown, Village Green, Washington and Woodbury Road also housing elementary grades.
Mr. Quintilian was followed as principal by John E. Whitney, Craig T. Springer and John Amato, who is the school’s current educational leader. With just four principals in the past 51 years, Finley has enjoyed remarkable consistency.
Scenes from opening day at
J. Taylor Finley Junior High School.
During a recent interview from his home in Saratoga Springs, Dr. Whitney recalled his transition from principal of Village Green Elementary School to J. Taylor Finley Junior High School for the school year beginning in September 1971.
“During those early years I had 1,000 students in the building,” Dr. Whitney recalled. At the time, Finley serviced students in grades 7-9. Its enrollment swelled again when the district closed Robert L. Simpson Junior High School in June 1976 and then Robert K. Toaz Junior High School in June 1982. Eventually, ninth graders were moved to Huntington High School to free space at Finley.
School named for longtime district educator
After teaching math and physics at Huntington High School for one year, J. Taylor Finley was named principal of Woodbury Avenue Elementary School (which is now a condominium complex) for the 1930 school year. In 1939, he became principal of Lincoln Elementary School (now an apartment complex) on East 9th Street in Huntington Station, across the street from St. Hugh of Lincoln Church. He worked as principal of both schools until October 15, 1943 when he was named principal of Robert K. Toaz Junior High School.
Mr. Finley stayed on as principal of Toaz through the 1954 school year. At that time he was elevated to assistant superintendent of schools and was named superintendent of schools in 1957, a position he held until his retirement on June 30, 1963.
The Huntington Board of Education voted December 8, 1964 to officially name the district’s new junior high school on Greenlawn Road after Mr. Finley in recognition of his 34 years of service to the schools and community. “The Board of Education and all of your friends here in Huntington send their best regards,” Superintendent Charles T. St. Clair wrote in a December 9 letter to Mr. Finley informing him of the school board’s action.
Mr. Finley passed away October 3, 1975. He is buried in the family plot at Pompton Plains Reform Church Cemetery in New Jersey.

domain: history


text:
Lincoln Chafee '75 P'14, independent candidate for governor, spoke with The Herald before Thursday's gubernatorial debate.
The Herald: As governor What would your top priorities be?
Lincoln Chafee: I call them the A, B, C's — make our assets work better for us. We talked about that tonight, the knowledge district that we opened up, connecting the Amtrak line to the airport, also investing in Quonset Point, (we) didn't get a chance to talk about that but that's a billion dollars in the last 10 years of infrastructure improvements. That's a huge investment. And creating assets to me is having a fair budget process so that companies have some certainty in what they're going to confront when they come to Rhode Island. And the C is very, very important — corruption. Rhode Island is just plagued by stories such as the North Providence corruption. That word spreads throughout the country —‘don't go to Rhode Island,' and we have to change that.
What do you think of the tone of this campaign? As someone with a lengthy career in politics, do you think this race for governor is particularly contentious?
This latest incident where my campaign manager's unemployment files were illegally released, that's something a little different from any other campaign. Somehow, somebody got access to his unemployment records, and it's illegal to share that confidential information. So it has taken a darker turn, I think, than any of my previous campaigns just today.
Could you comment on the allegations against your former campaign manager and how they arose?
What happened is I remember he was very, very careful not to have overlap of coming onto my campaign and the payment of his unemployment benefits. He was very adamant that we be careful about that, but as it turned out, the payroll company that we hired found that although he was paid on January 15th, it wasn't for that two week period, which he was working for the campaign in January. That payment period went for the last two weeks of December, even though that first check came on January 15th, so now he has an overlap, and I think the payment is $458. When our treasurer picked up on it, unbeknownst to my campaign manager, he did put it in our campaign filing report, so we had some responsibility in the campaign, and he submitted his resignation. But now the leak that involved the information is getting more suspicious that it's connected to the Caprio campaign.
How is there a connection?
My campaign manager, when he was working for the state, worked for the Department of Higher Education. That was his state job, and when he was laid off, he continued to collect benefits from the Department of Higher Education. Judge Caprio, my opponent's father, is chairman of the Board of Higher Education. Now as we looked at this, we thought, ‘well I didn't know initially that the Department of Higher Education would be aware of benefits being paid.' I thought it all came from the Department of Labor and Training. … But in further research today we found out that the Department of Higher Education knows what is being paid out to their former employees. So that made us suspicious. We want to find out who leaked this information — it's illegal. All the (Department of Labor and Training) or the Department of Higher Education had to do was call us and say there's an overlap, and of course we would have sent in the $458 and said that's a mistake, but when it turns into a campaign issue, then that's illegal.
What would you do to jumpstart Rhode Island's economy and create jobs for Rhode Islanders given the constraints on the state's budget?
I think my A, B, C's are very, very relevant, and they are specific. Take our assets — the day I'm elected I'm going to start making plans to go to Houston and see what they're doing right. And in the Station District, there's already some construction that has been planned, but they need tenants in the buildings before they break ground, so we can capitalize on our investment there. So it is starting on day one, taking these assets and making them work better for us and then having a good Budget that's relevant to getting our economy going and getting people back to work. And Corruption — on day one I'll be making sure that we do everything possible that in Rhode Island we're not only going to be doing business legally, but ethically. That's going to be my mantra. Is it legal? Is it ethical?
Speaking of the budget deficit — a projected $330 million for 2012 — what would you do to ensure Rhode Island remains solvent?
Well, my proposal is to have a two-tier sales tax that other states also have. Tennessee has it; Illinois has it. And the lower rate on the exempt items in my proposal is 1 percent, and that would generate $100 million. Just 1 percent on all our exempt items. You go and spend $50 on groceries, that's 50 cents more. I think most shoppers can handle that to get us out of the deficit. $100 is a dollar more to get us out of the deficit and not pass it down to the property taxpayer.
Do you regret having proposed the tax increase so early in the campaign given the target that it has become for your opponents?
No, I couldn't run a campaign without being honest with the voters. If this is my plan that I'm going to do when I get in office, I'm going to share it with them over the course of the campaign. I'm not running just to win. I'm running to govern.
As a 1975 Brown graduate, do you have any favorite memories from Brown or experiences here that might inform your tenure as governor?
They were all good. I had a great four years here. For some reason I just heard on the radio this Bruce Springsteen song, the song he played on the Pembroke Campus in Alumni Hall before he really got famous. I don't know if that's relevant to being governor, but it's certainly a memory. But in helping me govern, of course, teachers, the great teachers. I majored in classics, and that has been a good foundation for good decision-making, relying on ancient and historic perspectives.
Why did you decide to run as an independent?
I disaffiliated from the Republican Party before I decided to run. So I was an independent, and when I decided to run, I started looking. I didn't want to be a Democrat. That was a crowded field at the time, about five Democrats wanted to run. It thinned out until no one ended up in the primary except Mr. Caprio. So I did look at other parties—the Green Party, the Libertarian Party. I even went online to see if any party would fit, and I couldn't find anything. So I'm just an unaffiliated independent.


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text:
The widely-condemned protest was linked to a “worldwide rally for freedom” and NSW Police said they were not taken by surprise by the event, having monitored plans as they developed in groups on encrypted platform Telegram and spread further on Facebook and Instagram.
Police on Sunday said they had received more than 5500 tip-offs about attendees and identified more than 200 people involved. More than 350 officers policed the event and a dedicated strike force of 22 officers has since been launched to investigate public health order breaches and any other offences.
“What took us by surprise and what disappoints me so greatly is the level of violence that people were prepared to use. That was unprecedented. That’s not Sydney,” NSW Police Deputy Commissioner Mal Lanyon said on Sunday.
Police arrested 63 people during the protest and 35 have been charged with various offences, including assault of a police officer. At least 90 fines were issued for breaches of the public health orders and two men, aged 33 and 36, were arrested and charged overnight for striking a police horse.
Online activists were promoting protests in Sydney, Melbourne and other Australian locations in the weeks before the July 24 events. Popular anti-vaxxer organisations and figures were among the pages then spreading the message to a larger audience.
Joel Jammal, a Sydney activist who promoted the event on Facebook, spoke on the steps of Town Hall on Saturday, rejecting vaccines and lockdowns. “The organisers said this must be a peaceful protest,” he told the crowd. “This is not a violent revolution.” (He gave a rousing speech on Sydney Townhall Steps, surrounded by cops, during the July-24 anti-lockdown protest.)
Various national and city-based channels on Telegram, where the plans for the rallies gained momentum, appear to share some of the same organisers. Administrators of the channels have also promoted far-right groups and figures such as the Proud Boys and Avi Yemini.
One of the key organisers in the channels appears to be 24-year-old programmer Harrison Mclean, linked to previous protests in Melbourne. Mr Mclean did not respond to a request for a comment. In a video posted on his Telegram channel on July 18, Mr Mclean said the protests were about resisting “authoritarian restrictions” and declaring that “we will not comply”.
“This Saturday, the 24th of July, in over 100 cities around the world, we’ll be taking a stand for five important freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of movement, freedom of assembly, freedom of choice and freedom of health,” he said. Inside the groups, users have shared a vast amount of conspiracy theories about global warming, the mainstream media, vaccines, QAnon, Freemasons as well as anti-Semitic material.
The gathering in Sydney attracted a diverse crowd numbered in the thousands. It included anti-vaxxers, political activists and people angry at the strict public health orders put in place in response to the outbreak of the highly contagious Delta variant of COVID-19.
Jon-Bernard Kairouz, a 24-year-old TikTok personality who recently attracted attention for revealing NSW COVID-19 case numbers before official announcements, attended the rally and was issued with a fine on Sunday. Speaking at the event, Mr Kairouz told the crowd: “For everyone that’s here – small businesses, people that are doing it tough – all we want is freedom.”
A man standing next to him as he spoke wore a vest promoting notorious English conspiracy theorist David Icke – who believes an ancient race of reptilian beings secretly rules the world – and the next speaker said COVID-19 did not exist.
Former Liberal Party figure John Ruddick, now running as the Liberal Democrats candidate in the federal Sydney seat of Warringah, posted on Twitter about his attendance at the rally and said he was among those to be fined.
“Just had two courteous police officers at my door to advise I will be getting a $1000 fine for attending the Sydney Freedom Rally,” he said on Sunday. “No problem – I’ll frame it and put it on the wall.”
NSW Police Minister David Elliott said there were a number of “political wannabes” trying to use the protest to make a name for themselves. “That’s very disappointing. I think those individuals need to reflect if they are suitable for public office,” he said.
NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian said she was “absolutely disgusted” by the protest and warned that participants were endangering those closest to them by attending the illegal gathering. “Can I say how absolutely disgusted I was. It broke my heart,” she said. “Millions and millions of people across our state are doing the right thing and it just broke my heart that people had such a disregard for their fellow citizens.”
A number of proposed dates for protests in the coming weeks and months are already circulating among activists on Telegram. “September too far away,” said one user on Sunday. “This needs to happen sooner whilst we have traction, otherwise the evil side will continue to accelerate.” Another said, “So whenever the next one happens, we need to agree on it and then hype it up.”
Alan ones's "End The Lockdown" from SKY NEWS.

domain: sociology


Manchester City were the big losers of week 22 in the Premier League. The Citizen’s were the only team in the top eight that failed to win, and apparently no one told them that losing at home to Arsenal is long out of fashion.
No journalist, pundit or armchair-fan could have foreseen what unfolded at the Etihad. Arriving from London was a pragmatic Arsenal side that, for once, rid themselves of their footballing-principles, and instead chose to sit back, keep it tight and take their chances as they came. The Gunners attained just 35% possession throughout (their lowest since records began) and still walked away with a 2-0 win. Santi Cazorla was different class – he opened the scoring from the spot, before teeing up Olivier Giroud for Arsenal’s second. The Spaniard also provided the must-see moment of the weekend with his solo celebration after Giroud’s goal (see clip below*). City’s unbeaten run comes to an end after thirteen games, and they’ve lost yet more ground in the title-race.
That brings us nicely on to league leaders Chelsea – it’s high-fives all around for Jose Mourinho’s side. A five star display saw them stick five goals passed Swansea – a result that put them five points clear at the top. It was the kind of performance that had “champions” written all over it. Two goals each for Oscar and Diego Costa put the blues 4-0 up inside forty minutes. Substitute Andre Shurrle added a fifth near the end as Swansea suffered their heaviest defeat of the season. Roman Abramovic surely gave his manager some DW-40 as a Secret Santa gift because, after their minor blip over the festive period, Mourinho’s machine is back in business.
Manchester United and Liverpool both recorded 2-0 wins over QPR and Aston Villa respectively, but neither game was as straightforward as the score line suggests. United were made to wait until the second half to make their breakthrough. Two substitutes made the difference as Maroune Fellaini put them ahead, and youngster James Wilson made the game safe late on. Lucky for Liverpool, Villa are the lowest scoring team across all divisions of the English football ladder. Paul Lambert’s side missed multiple chances to get something from the game before Rickie Lambert punished their wastefulness in the dying minutes.
Speaking of late goals – Tottenham are becoming the kings of last-gasp victories. After doing it against Hull and Swansea already this season, Christian Eriksen provided the last minute heroics as Spurs downed Sunderland 2-1. This match also featured the goal of the weekend: a stunning free kick from Sebastian Larsson which even the mighty Hugo Lloris couldn’t get a fingertip to.
The big game at the other end of table saw Crystal Palace come from two goals down to beat relegation rivals Burnley in a thriller at Turf Moor. After winning only three of their first twenty games, Alan Pardew has won two in a row at the start of his tenure. For the second week running, Jason Punchon and Dwight Gayle sparked the Palace revival, as the pair combined for all three goals. The Eagles were the big winners this week jumping from fifteenth to thirteenth in the table – and doing it against Burnley in a proverbial “six-pointer” – gives them some real breathing room in their fight to avoid the drop.
Chelsea 5 – 0 Swansea
QPR 0 – 2 Manchester United
Aston Villa 0 – 2 Liverpool
Tottenham 2 – 1 Sunderland
Burnley 2 – 3 Crystal Palace
Leicester 0 – 1 Stoke
Newcastle 1- 2 Southampton
West Ham 3 – 0 Hull
Manchester City 0 – 2 Arsenal
West Brom vs Everton (TUE AM)
GOAL OF THE WEEK:
– (31’) SEBASTIAN LARSSON (Sunderland) vs Tottenham
WORTH A MENTION (OUTSIDE OF THE EPL):
East-Midlands Madness in the Championship:
Derby against Nottingham Forest is always feisty, but it reached a whole new level on Saturday. The real fun began after Forest stunned title-chasing Derby with a last minute winner. A Derby fan invaded the pitch and attacked Forest’s Kevin Wilson while, outside the ground, Forest Chairman Fawaz Al Hasawi’s car was ransacked. Classy.
*See the Santi Cazorla clip below:


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Great job! I freaking love it! Don't change a thing, cause it sounds pretty wonderful to me! Its has a cool mystique sound with a tropical feel. Dark and beautiful. Lets keep in touch if your ever up for a colab. You just made me a fan. Take Care!
Sounds good, man. House all the way!
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text:
Chronic pain, such as low-back pain, can be a highly disabling condition degrading people’s quality of life (QoL). Not every patient responds to pharmacological therapies, thus alternative treatments have to be developed. The chronicity of pain can lead to a somatic dysperception, meaning a mismatch between patients’ own body perception and its actual physical state. Since clinical evaluation of pain relies on patients’ subjective reports, a body image disruption can be associated with an incorrect pain rating inducing incorrect treatment and a possible risk of drug abuse. Our aim was to reduce chronic low-back pain through a multimodal neurorehabilitative strategy using innovative technologies to help patients regain a correct body image.
Twenty patients with chronic low-back pain were included. Before and after treatment, patients underwent: a neurological exam; a neuro-psychological evaluation testing cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive functions) and personality traits, QoL and mood; pain ratings; sensorimotor functional abilities’ testing. Patients underwent a 6 week-neurorehabilitative treatment (total 12 sessions) using virtual reality (VRRS system, Khymeia, Italy). Treatment consisted on teaching patients to execute correct movements with the painful body parts to regain a correct body image, based on the augmented multisensory feedback (auditory, visual) provided by the VRRS.
Our data showed significant reductions in all pain rating scale scores (p<0.05); significant improvements of QoL in the domains of physical functioning, physical role functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and social role functioning; improvements in cognitive functions (p<0.05); improvements in functional scales (p<0.05) and mood (p = 0.04).
Citation: Alemanno F, Houdayer E, Emedoli D, Locatelli M, Mortini P, Mandelli C, et al. (2019) Efficacy of virtual reality to reduce chronic low back pain: Proof-of-concept of a non-pharmacological approach on pain, quality of life, neuropsychological and functional outcome. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216858. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216858
Editor: Jane Elizabeth Aspell, Anglia Ruskin University, UNITED KINGDOM
Received: August 3, 2018; Accepted: April 30, 2019; Published: May 23, 2019
Copyright: © 2019 Alemanno et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript.
Funding: This work was provided by the Italian Ministry of Health (Bando Conto capitale 2015) to SI. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Chronic pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage that has been lasting for at least twelve weeks . Chronic pain, such as low back pain, is a highly disabling condition severely degrading people’s quality of life [2,3]. Epidemiological studies have found that 10.1% to 55.2% of people in various countries have chronic pain , which is now acknowledged as a condition in its own right . Many patients do not respond to pharmacological treatment, inducing the clinical condition of chronic pain. Besides the unpleasant feeling, chronic pain may also affect cognitive and emotional functioning. Indeed, many studies demonstrated depressive symptoms and deficits in attention, verbal memory and executive functions within this syndrome . It should also be said that altered personality profiles such as hysteria, hypochondria, depression or anxiety have been often reported following clinical measurements of personality traits in people with this condition [6–9]. All these notions lead to the conclusion that chronic pain, which refers to a multimodal experience, may contribute to disability, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, poor quality of life (QoL), and elevated healthcare costs [10–12].
It has also been demonstrated that chronic pain can lead to a somatic disperception, meaning a substantial mismatch between the sensation of the affected body part and its actual physical state [13–15]. Distortion of body image is widespread in painful disorders. It has been especially demonstrated in phantom limb pain, chronic low-back pain and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) [14–17]. In these studies, patients were found to have a distorted body image or, in some cases, a disruption of their self-perception. Since the clinical rating of pain relies on patients’ subjective reports, a distorted body image could lead to an incorrect pain rating, which could in turn lead to an incorrect pain treatment and to the risk of drug overuse.
Distortion of body image has been demonstrated in a majority of patients presenting with CRPS and low-back pain. Förderreuther and colleagues  studied a population of 114 patients with CRPS and reported that 54.4% of them felt their hand as “foreign” or “strange” and 48% of patients had impairments of identification of fingers of the affected hand. In chronic low-back pain, five out of six patients studied by Moseley et al.  could not delineate the full extent of their trunk, mentioning: “I can’t find it”. These reports are essentially built on patients’ own feeling about their painful body part. The definition of more objective outputs would be useful to better assess body image distortion.
Sensorimotor cortical reorganization has been demonstrated in chronic pain due to deafferentation , but also in chronic low-back pain  and CRPS . Flor and colleagues showed an enhanced reactivity and a somatotopic reorganization of the somatosensory cortex in patients with chronic low back pain, hypothesizing an important role in the persistence of the painful experience . Indeed, this cortical reorganization reversed with clinical improvement of painful sensations .
Several non-pharmacological approaches can be administered to reduce chronic low-back pain, such as massage, exercise, spinal manipulation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, acupuncture, yoga or functional restoration. These cognitive-behavioral, sensory or motor strategies aim particularly at reducing pain through cortical plasticity due to sensorimotor or cognitive stimulation. Most of these approaches aim to teach patients the best techniques to lead them to a self-management of their pain experience, through a manipulation of their thoughts, their feelings and their behavior. Such techniques have been demonstrated as moderately effective to reduce chronic low-back pain .
Virtual reality (VR) is a technological rehabilitation tool that allows the user to experience the interaction with a computer-generated environment . It may provide some advantages over conventional care: it allows the simulation of realistic environments and real-life exercises; the activities can be personalized to meet the specific needs of the patient; patients feel more motivated by this kind of virtual environment [22–24]. In the rehabilitative context, motivation is an important factor influencing the performance outcome . VR constitutes an enriched environment with augmented multiple sensory feedbacks (auditory, visual, tactile). Whit the usage of an enriched environment together with a moving avatar, VR rehabilitation engages several cortical and subcortical neuronal circuits that potentiate patient’s learning and recovery [26–28].
Thus, VR may be considered a good candidate to help patients in improving their own movements and body position perception  in order to regain a correct central nervous system body image. VR enriched environment has already shown some efficiency in reducing chronic pain either during the VR exercises  or after 3 to 10 days of rehabilitation . These preliminary results provide evidence for safety and possible efficacy of this treatment. However, so far, no studies have investigated the effects of VR in longer periods.
In this proof-of-concept study, we treated chronic low back pain with a non-immersive virtual reality training starting from the working hypothesis that this treatment might contribute to restore a correct body image, improve QoL (primary outcome measure), reduce pain sensations, act positively on mood, and recover sensorimotor abilities.
Materials and methods
The study was conducted in the Neurorehabilitation and Functional Recovery Department of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). In this single-armed study, 20 patients (11 female, mean age 47.5 ± 15.3 y.o., age range [19–72]) presenting with chronic low back pain were included (mean pain duration 35.0 ± 42.4 months, range [3–144], see Table 1 for patients’ description). Inclusion criteria were: (1) age between 18 and 75 years, and (2) history of chronic pain ≥ 12 weeks. Exclusion criteria were: (1) systemic metabolic disorder, (2) neurological or muscular degenerative disorder, (3) systemic infection, (4) cardiopulmonary or pulmonary disorder with contraindication to physical exercise, (5) recent spinal surgery (<12 months), (6) spinal pathologies such as stenosis or spondylolisthesis or fracture, (7) acute radiculopathy or compromised nerve root, (8) pregnancy.
Most of the patients were referred to the Neurorehabilitation and Functional Recovery Department by the Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Department of the San Raffaele Hospital. All the patients had made a neurological visit and none of them had any indication for surgery. Patients had negative electromyographic evaluations for acute pathology. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy) and all participants signed an informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki before entering the survey.
Before and after treatment, subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and a physical therapy examination.
In the neuropsychological assessment, the following tests for different cognitive domains and questionnaires for daily living activities were administered: (1) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) , (2) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) , (3) Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) , (4) Attentive and Raven Matrices , (5) Token test , (6) Semantic fluency , (7) Phonemic fluency , (8) naming , (9) word picture matching test , (10) Digit span test , (11) Digit Span Backward , (12) Corsi block-tapping test , (13) Rey Complex Figure Test , (14) Trail making test , (15) Stroop test , (16) Wisconsin Card Sorting test , (17) personality (Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory test 2 (MMPI-2, only in pre)) , (18) depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) , (19) quality of life (SF36—Short Form Health Survey) . This is a measure of health status contemplating eight sections: “vitality”, “physical functioning”, “bodily pain”, “general health perceptions”, “physical role functioning”, “emotional role functioning”, “social role functioning”, “mental health”[49,50].
In the physical therapy exam, the functional and pain assessment included: (1) an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) , (2) the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) , (3) the Brief Pain Inventoy (short form) (BPI) , and (5) the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) . Kinematic data were also measured using the Polhemus G4 tracking system and consisted in measuring the maximal and the average trunk’s range of motion during ten consecutive rotations, flexions, extensions and lateral flexions [55,56]. Maximal and Average Rotation reflect the range of motion during ten trunk’s rotations, expressed in degree. We also defined a Repetition Index, which is an index of proprioception ranging from 0 to 1, where 1 corresponds to the maximal accuracy in performing the same range of motion during ten trunk rotations. Participants wore 2 sensors: sensor 1 was positioned on the manubrium of the sternum and sensor 2 was positioned on the anterior superior iliac spine. The Euler Angles were measured by the differential orientation of the two sensors (relative movement of sensor 1 compared to the movement of sensor 2).
The Repetition Index was calculated as follows:
- Right rotation: IR+ = avg(Mn+)/max(Mn+)
- Left rotation: IR- = avg(Mn-)/min(Mn-),
Mn+ is defined as the Maximum Value of the all Positive Values of -n repetitions of the movement (right rotation) and Mn- is defined as the Minimum Value of all Negative Values of -n repetitions of the movement (left rotation).
Then, the total Repetition Index (IR) consisted on the average of IR+ and IR-.
After treatment, patients were also asked to report their Global Impression of Change (GIC) on a 7-point categorical scale .
Patients underwent 12 rehabilitative sessions of 1 hour each, over a period of 4 to 6 weeks. Treatments consisted in virtual reality-based sensorimotor rehabilitation provided by the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) of the Khymeia group (Noventa Padovana, Italy). The technological equipment included a computer workstation connected to a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) motion-tracking system (Polhemus G4, Vermont, US), a high-resolution LCD displaying the virtual scenarios on a large screen and a software processing the motion data. These data are issued by the receiver of the end-effector placed on the sternum or the hips.
The VRRS allows the participant to perform the requested motor tasks, while the movement of the system’s end-effector is simultaneously represented in a virtual scenario. In this scenario, an avatar reproduces online the performance of the patient who also gets an immediate visual and acoustic feedback on his/her performance. Indeed, for each exercise, the patient has to reach a certain result. The performance of the patient is immediately codified in terms of score, color code and acoustic feedback so that the patient always has a knowledge of performance and result. The aim of the exercises was to regain a correct body image by improving the control of single movements of the trunk. Patients underwent a series of exercises consisting mainly in trunk rotation, flexion and extension realized in various positions (standing, sitting, and kneeling) as displayed in Fig 1.
Figure displays example zs of exercises performed by the participants using the virtual reality system. Subjects wore sensors on hips and/or sternum and were asked to perform movements in front of the computer where an avatar and virtual objects reproduced online the virtual movements.
Power size calculation was done on primary outcome: QoL, measured with the SF36—Short Form Health Survey. Considering a SF36 post-treatment change of 7.7 points and a standard deviation of 10.7, a 5% type I error (α = 0.05), 80% power (β = 0.2) and 15% of dropout rate, a sample size of 20 participants has been established (calculation was made with PS Power and Sample Size Calculation software). Pre and post values of all the pain ratings, neuropsychological and functional assessments were compared using either Student’s t-test for paired values or Wilcoxon test, depending on the normality of data distribution, as evaluated by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Correlations between improvements in pain and/or neuropsychological and functional scores (measured as differences between pre and post values) were tested using Pearson and Spearman correlations, depending on the data distribution.
Data were considered significant when p<0.05. The commercially available software IBM SPSS Statistics v.23 (IBM Corp.) was used for all statistical tests.
Every patient completed the sessions of virtual reality rehabilitation without side effects and with a good compliance (no dropouts during treatment). Seven out of the twenty patients refused to take part to some of the post-treatment neuropsychological evaluation. Thus, analyses of neuropsychological data are presented with n = 13 (except for QoL, BDI and MMPI, for which n = 20).
Global improvement and pain ratings
Eighteen out of the twenty patients reported an improvement on the NRS pain scale (Table 2). Indeed, Wilcoxon test showed a significant improvement in NRS pain rating after treatment (p<0.001) overstepping also the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) set at 2.4 points in chronic low-back pain . This improvement in NRS pain score correlated with the improvement reported by the patients on the GIC scale (Spearman R = -0.638, p = 0.002). Indeed, 16 patients reported improvement on the GIC scale (from slight to extreme improvements) and 3 patients reported an impression of no change. Significant improvements at the McGill Pain Questionnaire were also observed for the total pain score (Pain Rating Index-Total, PRI-TOT, p = 0.001) and the number of words used to described the pain (Number of Words Chosen, NWC, p = 0.001). The Brief Pain Inventory also reported significant improvements at the mean interference score (p<0.001), and at the worst and average pain scores (respectively, p = 0.002 and p<0.001), while no difference was observed for the least pain score (p = 0.077).
QoL, mood, neuropsychological evaluation and psychological profile
Results are displayed in Table 3. The statistical analyses of the SF-36 revealed significant improvements in 5 out of the 8 the subscale scores. Indeed, significant improvements were observed in: (1) “physical functioning” (p = 0.018), “physical role functioning” (p = 0.04), (3) “bodily pain” (p = 0.029), (4) “vitality” (p = 0.015), and (5) “social role functioning” (p = 0.028). There was also a trend for an improvement in “emotional role functioning” (p = 0.062). There were significant correlations between the improvements in quality of life and improvements in pain scores. In particular, improvements in “physical functioning” correlated significantly with improvements in: (1) NRS scores (R = -0.521, p = 0.047), (2) McGill pain score PRI-TOT (R = -0.550, p = 0.034), and (3) BPI average pain (R = -0.673, p = 0.008) and worst pain (R = -0.563, p = 0.036). Improvements in “physical role functioning” correlated with improvements in: (1) McGill number of words chosen (NWC, R = -0.545, p = 0.036), and (2) BPI worst pain (R = -0.544, p = 0.044). Improvements in “vitality” correlated with BPI average pain improvements (R = -0.627, p = 0.016). Improvements in “social role functioning” correlated with: GIC scores (R = 0.599, p = 0.018), (2) improvements in NRS scores (R = -0.545, p = 0.036), (3) McGill PRI-TOT (R = -0.575, p = 0.025), and (4) BPI interference score (R = -0.650, p = 0.012).
Lastly, a significant post-treatment improvement of the Beck Depression Inventory-II scores was found (p = 0.04).
Neuropsychological evaluations did not show clinically significant abnormalities in patients’ cognitive functions. The statistical analyses revealed some significant improvements after treatment at the following tests (see Table 4): naming (p = 0.038), digit span (p = 0.013), Rey list immediate and late recall (respectively p = 0.024 and p = 0.008) and Stroop test with improvements in time (p = 0.004) and number of errors (p = 0.046). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the improvement at the digit span scores and improvements in pain sensations (McGill, NWC, R = 0.591, p = 0.033).
The descriptive analysis of the psychological profile of patients (MMPI-2) showed that 63.2% of patients presented with scores above normal for hypochondriasis. Scores above normal were also observed for lie (42.1%), health concern (36.8%), hysteria (31.6%), addictions acknowledgement scale (26.3%) and depression (26.3%). Detailed results of psychological profile are displayed in Fig 2.
Participation, function and proprioception
Results are exposed in Table 5. The statistical analyses of RMDQ and kinematics data revealed a significant improvement in participation (RMDQ, p<0.001), trunk functionality (Maximal range of motion − Rotation, p = 0.002; Average range of motion − Rotation, p = 0.008), and proprioception (Repetition Index − Rotation, p = 0.024). The scale RMDQ reached also a clinical relevance of change, improving more than its MCID set at 5 points in chronic low-back pain .
The improvements in participation (RMDQ) correlated with the improvements reported by the patients on the GIC scale (Pearson R = 0.592, p = 0.006), NRS (Pearson R = 0.598, p = 0.006), MPQ PRI-TOT (Pearson R = 0.711, p<0.001) and MPQ NWC (Pearson R = 0.629, p = 0.003).
In this proof-of-concept study, we were able to show that VR-based rehabilitation could have significant impact on chronic low-back pain. Indeed, after six weeks of treatment, significant decreases were observed for all pain scores, some of which overstepping the MCID reported in the literature. This decreased pain sensation was also accompanied by improvements in QoL, in some cognitive functions and sensorimotor output. Although such results need to be reproduced in a larger, controlled, randomized study, we believe these data bring evidence on the fact that virtual reality can be efficient in helping chronic low-back pain patients in regaining better motor function together with a reduced pain sensation and improvement in their quality of life.
Our treatment was based on the hypothesis that helping patients to regain a correct body perception would help them improve their functional abilities, improve their QoL and reduce pain sensations. The fact that patients improved significantly in movement reproducibility and amplitude with training seems to indicate that VR-based rehabilitation produced significant proprioceptive and functional improvements. Previous studies also showed that VR could improve movement and body position perception . In chronic neuropathic pain, a VR-based treatment could induce analgesia in association with an improved embodiment sensation .
Although further studies will need to investigate the corticospinal mechanisms induced by VR-based rehabilitation, we could hypothesize that such effects might have been due to corticospinal reorganization. Indeed, VR training has influences on various cortical and subcortical neuronal circuits, particularly related to learning. First, in some simple motor rehabilitation exercises, the motor copy strategies use mirror neurons system to improve learning . Moreover, thanks to the online and final feedbacks given to the subject during VR training, the participant has a developed knowledge of results and the knowledge of her/his performance, which constitutes the basis for reinforcement learning where the cortico-basal ganglia circuits play a central role . Lastly, the presence of virtual teachers and guidance engage another type of learning: the supervised learning where the cerebellum plays a central role . A small open-label study based on the same hypothesis already reported improvement in pain sensation in patients suffering from complex regional pain syndrome . The authors showed that 5 sessions of virtual reality mirror visual feedback therapy was able to produce >50% reduction in pain intensity. Moreover, neuroplastic changes due to VR training has been recently demonstrated in patients presenting with chronic neglect . In these patients, five weeks of VR-based training improved their performance in the Posner’s cuing task. These improvements were accompanied by increased BOLD signal changes in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and the bilateral Temporal Cortex, which are areas related to the top-down component of the attention task. Virtual reality has also been used to induce “full body illusions” during which visuo-tactile conflicts can induce one subject to feel the ownership for a virtual body [62,63]. Such approach has been used to reduce chronic pain sensation in a heterogeneous group of chronic pain patients experiencing full body illusions . The authors hypothesized that a visual analgesic effect might have been caused by viewing the body, although other mechanisms might have been involved as well since there was a significant correlation between the pain reduction and the synchrony of stimulations.
Other non-pharmacological therapies have been shown to improve chronic pain. In their review, Chou and Huffman found good evidence that psychological interventions (cognitive-behavioral therapy and progressive relaxation), exercise, interdisciplinary rehabilitation, functional restoration and spinal manipulation were effective for chronic low-back pain. These interventions were associated with moderate effects such as 10 to 20 points difference on a 100-point visual analogue pain scale or 2 to 4 points on the RMDQ . Interestingly, our approach reduced the median NRS score of 4.5 points and reduced the average RMDQ score of 6 points (both results overstepping the MCID). These results underline the potential robust effect of this VR-based treatment for chronic low back pain.
Cognitive-behavioral treatments for chronic pain aim to reduce feelings of helplessness and uncontrollability and instate behaviors that limit the impact of pain on QoL. Cognitive-behavioral approaches also focus on extinguishing pain behaviors and acquiring healthy ones. Such treatments can modulate brain activity related to pain. Indeed, it has been shown that exposure therapy can alter brain processes related to stimuli that are relevant for the disorder. Sensory approaches can also modulate cortical organization. This has been shown in phantom limb pain which was decreased by somatosensory training acuity. Motor strategies, such as mirror therapy and virtual limbs for neuropathic pain might correct cortical body maps to remove the incongruence between motor commands and sensory feedback (for review see ).
The chronic pain state can trigger a cascade of changes in psychological processes  that seem to qualify, according to our results, for a treatment with VR. Indeed, previous studies demonstrated that chronic pain can affect various cognitive functions, such as attention, verbal memory and executive functions . In line with these reports, our results showed significant improvements in short- and long-term verbal memory, attention, language and long-term visuospatial memory after treatment, with significant correlations between cognitive improvements and reduction of pain sensation. There was no significant improvement in other measurements of attention (matrices, TMT) or short-term visuospatial memory, working memory, problem solving and other executive functions. One can hypothesize that the duration of treatment might have been too short and that longer treatments might have had broader cognitive effects. Further studies should be dedicated to the investigation of the relationships between VR training, pain sensation, cortical reorganization and cognitive functions. Our results demonstrated that this VR-based treatment was able to act on the multidimensional aspects of pain, improving pain sensations, cognitive functions, together with functional and proprioceptive aspects. The combination of all these multidimensional aspects might have been responsible for the improvements in various subdomains of QoL, such as physical functioning and physical role functioning, vitality, social role functioning.
In line with previous reports, our patients presented with abnormal levels of hypochondria, depression, hysteria and health concerns, as shown by the MMPI analyses [6–9]. The MMPI has been used to classify psychological traits of patients with chronic pain. These personality traits of hypochondria, depression and hysteria have been shown to play a role in the chronicization of pain  and may increase the affective dimension of pain . Although previous studies reported increased anxiety in chronic pain patients [6,7], our MMPI measurements revealed abnormal anxiety traits in only 11% of our population. More investigations on anxiety and chronic pain are thus needed to better investigate the relationship between both factors. Indeed, further studies should investigate how personality profile might influence non-pharmacological treatments of chronic pain in order to provide patients with better personalized treatments.
Chronic pain has become a major health concern worldwide. Pharmaceutical companies are currently addressing the crisis of prescription drug abuse or misuse through the development of abuse-deterrent formulations of opioid analgesics, addiction treatments, medication to treat opioids overdoses, and non-opioid drugs . The development of alternative, non-pharmacological treatments is essential to offer patients the best personalized care and to reduce the risk of drug misuse. Non-pharmacological treatments could also present the advantage of a good compliance amongst patients. In particular, VR training has been reported as a pleasant treatment . Our results confirm this statement as all of our patients underwent the full training without dropouts.
Our results open thus new study perspective and further randomized studies are necessary to define: (1) treatment effectiveness; (2) the best treatment duration; (3) in which manner might these improvements affect patients’ motor and functional activities; (4) how such VR treatments can reduce analgesic drug intake; (5) what are the benefits of this kind of treatment with respect to the traditional ones. We acknowledge the absence of a control group in this study, the heterogeneity in patients’ profile, as well as an absence of correction for multiple hypothesis testing.
Our study showed that a virtual reality-based motor training was able to reduce chronic pain and act on the multidimensional aspects of pain, such as pain sensation itself, quality of life, sensory and motor sensations as well as cognitive functions. These data serve as a proof-of-concept study that should lead to larger, controlled, randomized clinical trials to better investigate the potential of virtual reality to act on body perception to treat chronic pain.
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- 60. Ekman U, Fordell H, Eriksson J, Lenfeldt N, Wåhlin A, Eklund A, et al. Increase of frontal neuronal activity in chronic neglect after training in virtual reality. Acta Neurol Scand. 2018;138: 284–292. pmid:29770439
- 61. Sato K, Fukumori S, Matsusaki T, Maruo T, Ishikawa S, Nishie H, et al. Nonimmersive virtual reality mirror visual feedback therapy and its application for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: an open-label pilot study. Pain Med Malden Mass. 2010;11: 622–629. pmid:20202141
- 62. Ehrsson HH. The experimental induction of out-of-body experiences. Science. 2007;317: 1048. pmid:17717177
- 63. Lenggenhager B, Tadi T, Metzinger T, Blanke O. Video ergo sum: manipulating bodily self-consciousness. Science. 2007;317: 1096–1099. pmid:17717189
- 64. Pamment J, Aspell JE. Putting pain out of mind with an ‘out of body’ illusion. Eur J Pain. 2017;21: 334–342. pmid:27509229
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- 66. Simons LE, Elman I, Borsook D. Psychological processing in chronic pain: a neural systems approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;39: 61–78. pmid:24374383
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domain: medical


Using multi-criteria decision making to highlight stakeholders’ values in the corridor planning process
AbstractThe processes for environmental review and public participation mandated by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the 2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act – A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) have become overly time-consuming and costly in transportation planning. This paper focuses on the implementation of transportation policy, highlighting how its complex nature challenges the traditional policy process theories. Federal and local perspectives are used as a basis for top-down and bottom-up implementation models. In addition, the authors discuss the conflicting nature of transportation policy implementation within decision processing and suggest an implementation tool that can aid transportation and planning professionals. The authors suggest that the use and integration of existing data from geospatial technologies and economic modeling can result in a visual Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model that can aid in streamlining and enhancing the NEPA process, agency coordination, and public participation in different administration levels.
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Bibliographic InfoArticle provided by Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota in its journal The Journal of Transport and Land Use.
Volume (Year): 4 (2011)
Issue (Month): 3 ()
Transportation planning; Policy implementation; GIS; MCDM; I-69;
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- R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General
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- Jones, Steven & Tefe, Moses & Appiah-Opoku, Seth, 2013. "Proposed framework for sustainability screening of urban transport projects in developing countries: A case study of Accra, Ghana," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 21-34.
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Triveni Digital Inc., a subsidiary of LG Electronics, develops systems that provide for the management and distribution of data and metadata in digital television streams. Triveni Digital's products for DVB SI, ATSC PSIP, data broadcasting, stream analysis, and monitoring are renowned for their ease of use and innovative features. Working with leading industry partners, Triveni Digital employs an open and standards-compliant approach to the digital television market. More information is available at www.TriveniDigital.com.
Triveni Digital at SCTE Cable-Tec Expo 2008
StreamScope™ Enterprise Monitor (EM-40)
At SCTE Cable-Tec Expo 2008, Triveni Digital will demonstrate its new StreamScope™ Enterprise Monitor (EM-40) enterprise-wide service-quality assurance solution. The StreamScope EM-40 is aimed at proactive, real-time, service-based response. It proactively detects, localizes, analyzes, isolates, and remedies faults impacting video services based on predefined rules. This allows broadcasters, service providers, and IPTV networks to reduce customer downtime and complaint response costs by providing the user with full remote analysis capabilities for any monitored streams. Alarms are generated when a transport stream has fallen outside a specified configuration. Integrated trend analysis enables engineering staff to analyze past issues. The StreamScope EM-40 ensures:
• Network integrity
• Video quality of service
• Viewer satisfaction
• Lower customer service costs, lower churn, higher revenues
StreamScope™ RM-40SE MPEG Video Monitoring Solution
Triveni Digital adds the RM-40SE low-cost RF monitoring probe to its StreamScope™ test and measurement product line. The RM-40SE is a full-featured, in-depth, 24/7 unattended remote monitoring instrument that performs comprehensive MPEG video monitoring for real-time RF streams. The RM-40SE offers all the analyzing functionality as the RM-40 base and High Bandwidth Edition (HBE). The optional Remote Troubleshooting Module (RTm) provides remote analysis capabilities including the unique postmortem analysis functionality allowing users to analyze issues up to two weeks in the past. The small form factor design is a powerful, user-friendly, low-cost monitoring solution that verifies DTV transport streams carried by service providers including cable, telcos, satellite, mobile TV, and IPTV operators.
In addition to the well-established standards supported by the StreamScope line, including ATSC, ATSC A/78, and ETR 101 290, Triveni Digital's RM-40SE now also represents the first implementation of the new SCTE-142 standard.
The introduction of the EM-40 and the RM-40SE rounds up a complete monitoring solution focusing across the entire broadcast/broadband operation, whether on a local, regional, or national scale.
StreamScope™ MT-40 Real-Time DTV Transport Stream Monitor and Analyzer
Triveni Digital's StreamScope™ MT-40 monitor is a comprehensive, user-friendly instrument for real-time analysis and verification of DTV transport streams. The system facilitates end-to-end MPEG-2/MPEG-4 transport stream monitoring and analysis for DTV signals carried by broadcast, cable, satellite, IPTV, or mobile networks. With in-depth troubleshooting and analysis capabilities for multiple signals over all commonly encountered physical layers including deep packet inspection, the MT-40 can monitor, alarm, troubleshoot, record, and measure DTV transport streams in order to ensure their integrity, reliability, and compliance with standards (ATSC, ATSC A/78, SCTE 35, SCTE 18).
Key features of the MT-40 include QPSK, 64/256 QAM, ASI, GigE, and file inputs; SNMP support for remote management; remote monitoring with full-featured connectivity to remote users; IP route analysis; IGMPv3 for IP multicast support; electronic program guide (EPG) display; unique, value-added PSIP and PSI cross-table consistency checking; SD or HD video thumbnails; and real-time PCR analysis and video and audio buffer analysis with graphs. The MT-40 also interfaces with Triveni Digital's RM-40 unattended remote monitoring system to provide a meaningful picture of DTV transport streams across a network.
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text:
Melvin C. Coulter, 74, was called home to be with his Lord and Savior on Sunday, Jan. 20. On March 28, 1944, Melvin was born to the late William Brown
Timothy Wayne Thomas passed away peacefully, surrounded by his loving family on Jan. 17. Funeral services were on Sunday, Jan. 20, at Elam Baptist Church in Gray at 2:00 p.m.
MACON: Norma Sisk Cole, 89, died Saturday, Jan. 12, at a local nursing home. Services will be private. Mrs. Cole was born Aug. 19, 1929, in Macon and had lived
EATONTON: Walter Lee Craft, of Lake Sinclair, died Sunday, Jan. 13, at a local nursing home. The family greeted friends from 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m., Wednesday, Jan. 16, at
MILLEDGEVILLE: Ralph Tipton, 93, of Allen Memorial Drive, died Thursday, January 10, at a local nursing home. Services were held 2:00 p.m., Monday, Jan. 14, graveside at Cedar Ridge Cemetery.
Mr. Eugene Balkcom Sr., 61, of Columbus, died Sunday, Dec. 23 at his home. Memorial services were held Friday, Dec. 28, at 1:00 p.m. at Kingdom Hall of Jehovah Witnesses,
MACON: Debbie D. Peacock Kitchens Schmidt, age 58 , passed away on Dec.22, surrounded by her loving family after a yearlong battle with ovarian cancer. A celebration of her life
Joseph “Joe” Jackson, 34, of Round Oak, passed away on Saturday, Dec. 22. A graveside funeral service was held on Monday, Dec.24, at 11:00 a.m., at Sunshine United Methodist Church
Jones County News Copyright © 2020

domain: news


text:
India s best Litecoin multi cryptocurrency Exchange Wallet. We ve listed below many different methods followed by exchanges you can use for each different method. What can you buy with Litecoin. Once the verification steps are complete, you can start a purchase.Digital Trends 18 dic. If you d like to own some litecoin but aren t interested in mining it, the cryptocurrency can be purchased with another cryptocurrency such as bitcoin on websites known as exchanges.
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domain: finance


text:
IsoRay with ticker code (ISR) have now 3 analysts covering the stock with the consensus suggesting a rating of ‘Buy’. The range between the high target price and low target price is between 1.6 and 1.25 with a mean TP of 1.45. Now with the previous closing price of 1.7 this would indicate that there is a downside of -14.7%. The day 50 moving average is 1.25 and the 200 moving average now moves to 0.72. The company has a market cap of $141m. Visit the company website at: http://isoray.com
Isoray, through its subsidiary, IsoRay Medical, develops, manufactures, and sells isotope-based medical products and devices for the treatment of cancer and other malignant diseases in the United States and internationally. The company produces CS-1 Cesium-131 brachytherapy seeds for the treatment of prostate, brain, lung, head and neck, gynecological, pelvic/abdominal, and colorectal cancers, as well as ocular melanoma. It sells its products to facilities or physician practices that utilize multiple surgical facilities at which primarily prostate brachytherapy procedures are performed. Isoray was founded in 1998 and is headquartered in Richland, Washington.


An initiative devised by Nottingham Forest owner Evangelos Marinakis to promote the right to take part in sport, has gathered high-profile support.
Marinakis and America’s Harvard University came up with the 'Athens Principle' after a conference last year. And now Real Madrid president Florentino Perez, along with the president of basketball’s Euroleague, Jordi Bertomeu, have given the idea their backing.
The pair signed a copy of the Athens Principle at a recent ceremony in Madrid.
“We respect this great effort by Mr Marinakis for the Athens Principle and we will help with all our strength so that the message this initiative wants to pass is spread everywhere,” said Perez.
The initiative came about after a conference last year, when Marinakis said sports clubs must “accept their social responsibility towards their communities”.
It lists a code of practice, with 12 principles which clubs are urged to follow, to encourage people to take up sport “without discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, political or other opinion, or national or social origin”.
One of the principles is a call to establish an “International Day of the Right to Play” to “affirm the right to participate in sport as a universal and fundamental right”.
The signing ceremony was also attended by Harvard representative Stephen Ortega and former France international Christian Karembeu, who is strategic advisor at Olympiacos.
Karembeu said: “We are truly satisfied, in Olympiacos as an institution, that this effort of ours with Harvard University is being embraced by the world of sports.
“Real Madrid, Fenerbahçe and, of course, the Euroleague itself are huge organizations and we see that they stand by Mr Marinakis’ initiative so that we might turn sports into the ‘vehicle’ that will lead to a better future for the peoples of the world.”
And Marinakis was also singled out for praise by Ortega.
“I sincerely thank Euroleague, Mr Florentino Perez and Mr Ozan Balaban (vice-president of Fenerbahce Dogus (basketball team)) for their support, as well as Mr Karembeu, who is always on our side since the beginning,” he said.
“However, I would like to thank particularly Olympiacos’ leader, Mr Evangelos Marinakis, because without his assistance and effort we wouldn’t be able to organise this conference a few months earlier and to sign this great Athens Principle in order to send the message of unity through sports.”


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Mote Marine Laboratory would receive $18 million over six years to research technologies aimed at combating red tide under a bill that cleared the state Legislature on Tuesday and now heads to Gov. Ron DeSantis for approval.
The bill was filed in response to the red tide bloom that began in November 2017 and stretched for 15 months, making it one of the five longest blooms in recorded history. The bloom devastated Southwest Florida’s tourism economy, fouled waterways and killed many fish and other sea creatures.
Mote President and CEO Michael Crosby has been pitching the idea of developing technologies that can lessen the severity of red tide blooms.
“This isn’t science fiction; we can do it,” Crosby told a group of lawmakers gathered at Mote earlier this year.
Crosby said Mote just needs a steady source of funding to conduct sustained research.
Lawmakers responded with SB 1552, the Florida Red Tide Mitigation and Technology Development Initiative. It gives Mote $3 million a year over six years, starting in the 2019-20 budget year and running through 2024-25.
"The problem we've had over the years, it's out of sight out of mind," said Sen. Joe Gruters, R-Sarasota, the bill's sponsor. "This is going to give them consistent funding over six years to be able to do the research that's necessary to tackle this problem"
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute would partner with Mote on the initiative and distribute state funding to the Sarasota laboratory.
The red tide mitigation bill cleared the House 112-1 Tuesday after passing the Senate unanimously last week.


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