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Testosterone Effects on the Face
The male hormone testosterone has many different effects upon a man's body and brain. Before a male baby is born, testosterone secretions cause his internal and external reproductive organs to develop. Once he reaches puberty, a man begins secreting constant levels of testosterone that affect his physical development and produce characteristic traits of adult males. Several of these effects are facial.
Testosterone causes body and facial hair to proliferate, resulting in the characteristically darker, thicker hair of the adult male as compared to women and boys. Facial hair, which typically covers the cheeks, chin, upper lip and neck of an adult man, is one of the results of testosterone-driven hair growth, explains Dr. Lauralee Sherwood in her book "Human Physiology." The purpose of facial hair is unknown, but it doesn't normally occur in women, and disappears in men who develop testosterone deficiencies 1. Testosterone-dependent facial hair is much darker, thicker and more wiry than normal head hair, and has a flattened shape, giving it more curl than the hair a man grows on his head.
While boys may eagerly anticipate many of the effects of testosterone associated with puberty, they typically don't look forward to its effect upon skin quality. Testosterone increases oil secretion all over the body, but this effect is particularly emphasized on the skin of the face. One of the purposes of increased testosterone-driven oil secretion is to increase a man's body odor, which helps make him attractive to women, as body oil contains characteristic scent molecules to which women respond sexually. Dr. Gary Thibodeau, in his book "Anatomy and Physiology," notes that the transition from childhood to adult skin can be particularly rough, with oil secretions increasing tremendously before leveling off in post-pubescent males 2.
Testosterone also increases facial acne. Some of this effect is due to increased facial oil; Dr. Thibodeau notes that when oil clogs facial pores--particularly if bacteria become trapped in the pores--acne results. Testosterone also makes skin more prone to acne to begin with, predisposing it to problems in the presence of increased facial oil. Adult men typically don't have the same degree of difficulty with acne that teenage boys do, since testosterone concentrations level off toward the end of puberty and the body adapts. Men who supplement with testosterone-like substances, including many anabolic steroids, can experience increased facial acne, however, as a side effect of increased hormone levels.
- “Human Physiology”; Lauralee Sherwood, Ph.D.; 2004
- “Anatomy and Physiology”; Gary Thibodeau, Ph.D.; 2007
- man pulling his beard with tweezer image by MAXFX from Fotolia.com

domain: biology


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• Turnover 2015 £79,397 per annum profits in excess of £33,000 and growing
• Complete stables for 6 horses, sat in 6.5 acres (total inc paddocks) of outstanding Isle Of Wight countryside
• Stunning 4 bedroom owner’s accommodation, post card countryside views, viewing highly recommended
Stunning well established boarding kennels - Isle of Wight, licensed for 31 dogs, 12 cats and unlimited smaller animals, Fee income 2015 £79,397, profits in excess of £33,000 and growing. Stables for 6 horses, 6.5 acres of stunning countryside, 4 bed owners accommodation. Freehold ref 44778
This is a golden opportunity to purchase an exceptionally well presented licensed kennels, cattery and small animals boarding facility, with an additional local authority contract. With the facilities for equestrian purposes, which is located in the stunning Isle Of Wight countryside at Newchurch, close to Sandown. The business is set within some of the most stunning rural views in the area, not to mention the proximity to the best riding bridle ways on the island.
DJ’s Animal Boarding holds an excellent reputation due to being large enough to handle all the clients' requests and small enough to maintain a personal service to all the dogs, cats and small animals entrusted within their care.
The tranquil countryside setting is easily accessible being just 20 minutes from the East Cowes Ferry, which links the island to Southampton and the daily hovercraft service to Postsmouth. DJ’s is one of only 6 boarding kennels on the island and it is the only one to offer boarding to a full range of animals. It aims to offer boarding to everything from horses to hamsters.
Newchurch is less than 3 miles from Sandown, a major tourist and shopping centre on the east coast of the island. It is a sleepy tranquil village and is home to a variety of tourist attractions like Amazon World.
The business draws its clients from the whole island plus tourists holidaying in the area.
DJ’s Animal Boarding was created by the owners in September 2007, being a prior equestrian centre and under ownership of the current owners since April 2007. The business has been developed by the owners in to the current business, showing exceptional growth each year and has steadily grown to its current size. The boarding facility is currently licensed for 31 dogs, 12 cats and a variety of smaller animals, which has proved to not only be popular but also very profitable with little input and has the potential to increase this size if required. This is the only facility of its type on the island.
Summary. The business is offered upon a freehold basis and will include all assets and business fixtures and fittings. This business and substantial family home is in need of nothing and represents a truly stunning opportunity to walk in and earn.
Viewings are highly recommended to truly admire the site on offer.
• Charming excellently presented cattery licensed for 32 cats • Advised Turnover 2016 £19,506, EBITDA - ...More Details
• Exceptional freehold kennels & cattery business • Well established – trading 40 years, owned 13 years • L...More Details
An exciting opportunity to acquire a boarding Cattery in the suburbs of London in a very good area, togethe...More Details

domain: geography


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The Five of Swords card, Minor Arcana, represents ambition, but not in a positive way. It is the use of unethical ways to achieve victory. You may be the one who is behaving in this way, but if not, beware of some other individual who is power hungry. You may not care who you have stepped on to obtain success. This behavior has created hostile and strained relationships. Your lack of regard for others feelings has been put aside so that you could come out on top. Previous allegiances are broken due to your abuse of power.
Gossip has taken its toll but the truth will be revealed. There may be an individual who is still present in your life who is preventing you from moving on. You might find this individual is making it difficult for you to pursue a new job or relationship. This person takes pleasure in seeing you stuck. You just need to resolve these toxic relationships. Don’t be afraid to be honest. Keeping yourself open to new ideas and relationships may be a good idea.

domain: sociology


San Antonio Spurs (28-44, 11th Western Conference) vs. Portland Trail Blazers (27-44, 12th Western Conference)
Portland, Oregon; Wednesday, 10 p.m. EDT
BOTTOM: Dejounte Murray and the San Antonio Spurs face Anfernee Simons and the Portland Trail Blazers on Wednesday.
The Trail Blazers are 11-30 against their Western Conference opponents. Portland averages 13.3 turnovers per game and sits at 12-16 when it has fewer turnovers than its opponents.
The Spurs are 18-24 in the Western Conference game. San Antonio has a 13-29 record against teams over .500.
The teams meet for the second time this season. The Spurs won in the final matchup on December 3, 114-83.
POWERFUL: Simons is averaging 17.3 points per game with 2.6 rebounds and 3.9 assists for the Trail Blazers. Brandon Williams is averaging 17.2 points and 4.1 rebounds while averaging 41.1% in his last 10 games for Portland.
People also read…
Murray averages 20.8 points, 8.3 rebounds, 9.3 assists and 2.1 steals for the Spurs. Keldon Johnson averaged 18.8 points and 6.6 rebounds in his last 10 games for San Antonio while averaging 46.1%.
LAST 10 GAMES: Trail Blazers: 2-8, averaging 105.5 points, 41.0 rebounds, 22.2 assists, 8.3 steals and 3.9 blocks per game while shooting 43.2% from the field. Your opponents averaged 124.2 points per game.
Spurs: 4-6, averaging 112.4 points, 44.8 rebounds, 26.2 assists, 6.7 steals and 5.0 blocks per game while shooting 44.8% from the field. Your opponents scored an average of 118.9 points.
INJURIES: Trail Blazers: Nassir Little: Out of season (shoulder), Jusuf Nurkic: Out of season (foot), Didi Louzada: Out of season (knee), Damian Lillard: Out of season (stomach), Eric Bledsoe: Out of season (Achilles), Anfernee Simons: Off ( Knee), Joe Ingles: Out for the season (knee).
Spurs: Romeo Langford: Day to Day (hamstring), Lonnie Walker IV: Day to Day (back), Keita Bates-Diop: Day to Day (back), Doug McDermott: Off for the season (ankle).
The Associated Press created this story using Data Skrive technology and data from Sportradar.
© Data Skrive. All rights reserved.


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The latest video editing and post production tips, tricks and tutorials. Applications covered include Final Cut Pro X, Premiere Pro, After Effects, Smoke and Cinema 4D.
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Modeling complex objects can be really confusing, but once you know how to set up your guides the whole process is much easier. In this Cinema 4D video tutorial we discover how to use splines as guides to make the entire modeling process easier.
Create a wrapped text effect in Cinema 4D in this exclusive PremiumBeat video tutorial.

domain: artistic


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In Jacksboro, Texas, Correctional Corporation of America unit offenders with disabilities are discriminated against per 42 U.S.C. § 12132. The use of solitary confinement on prisoners with serious mental illnesses at this jail does not meet state legal standards. Offenders rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as well as the Eighth Amendment are in dire straits. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) fails to follow policy and laws. Offenders are in their cells 24 hours a day. I was placed in a psychiatric unit in Lubbock, Texas (Montford Unit) from February to September 2013, locked in a cell all the time. Then I moved to state jail and all my medications that I was given by TDCJ doctors were taken away and they told TDCJ they don't allow that medication on this unit.
I am being given the run around fighting this because courts have ruled that private prison corporations are not a public entity merely because they have entered into a contract with a public entity to provide services. An instrument of the state is only a government unit or unit created by a government unit; as such, no title II ADA claims are applicable. The ADA does not apply to private prisons.
MIM(Prisons) adds: We have written extensively about the health effects of solitary confinement which is cruel and unusual punishment even for healthy prisoners. Those with mental health problems are even more dramatically harmed by this long-term isolation. Texas has a history of "treating" prisoners with mental illness with torture. We know that this isolation is a tool of social control in a criminal injustice system that does not care about the health of prisoners. Further, prisons use mental illness and labels, treatment and the withholding of treatment, as another tool of social control. We must fight this with our own institutions of mental health: education, persynal healthy practices, mental engagement and social interaction where possible. In addition to our educational programs and work connecting prisoners with the struggle on the streets, we distribute portions of the American Friends Service Committee's Survivors Manual for people in control units. Write to us for a copy and for more information on how you can plug in to the anti-imperialist prison movement.
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) picked up my pending case challenging inadequate medical services and unconstitutional conditions of confinement in 2011. We're expecting a trial date in 2015. We are attempting to force Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) to change its policy and practice of housing the mentally ill in isolation for extended periods of time. State prison is extremely poor, prisons are understaffed and riddled with security flaws. I am an adamant critic and am vocal about its policies and practices, therefore the administration has made my life here in prison severely difficult.
I am also working on my criminal convictions. I've navigated myself through multiple tiers of appeals. I really had a hard time exhausting all my state remedies in the Arizona State Courts. It took me almost eleven years to figure out, but most recently I filed my first federal habeas corpus petition in Arizona Federal District Court. I am requesting that the federal court appoint me a lawyer to investigate the possibility of state judicial corruption against the Tucson Police Department and the Pima County Attorneys Office. Last week I filed a Writ of Certiorari. This is a petition to the United States's highest court; they only address issues involving "Constitutional magnitude." I'm asking them to resolve the Constitutional question that was left open in Martinez V. Ryan, 623 F.3d 731, 132S.CT1309(1023) of:
"Whether a defendant in a state criminal case has a federal Constitutional Right to effective Assistance of Counsel at initial-review-collateral-proceedings specifically with respect to his ineffective-assistance-of-trial-counsel-claim."
Because state law does not mandate Effective Assistance of Counsel during a convicted criminal's Initial-Review Collateral Proceedings (Ariz. R. Crim. P. Rule 32), I'm able to believe that prisoners in Arizona are being discriminated against because they're indigent and cannot afford effective counsel during their Initial-Review Collateral Proceedings. The United States Supreme Court only takes 3% of the cases filed each term, so the odds of them taking my case is nil, but imagine if they did. WOW, this would mean that a pro se litigant would have molded the law to conform to the needs of the oppressed here at the very bottom of society's heap. A person is only as big as his dreams.
Fortunately, it does not end there. A Section 1983 Civil Rights Action prohibits a state from discriminating pursuant to the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which provides that:
"No state shall... deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the Law."
The clause is "a direction that all persons similarly situated should be treated alike."(City of Cleburne V. Cleburne Living ctr, 4730 U.S. 432,439 (1985))
I am determined to build a strong campaign to gain Injunctive Relief in a class action seeking to remedy the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment violations caused by Arizona Rules of Criminal Procedure Rule 32's past and continuing operations. Our actions, even if successful, will not demonstrate the invalidity of our conviction or sentence, therefore Section 1983 Class Action is the proper vehicle.(Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74,82 (2005).)
If you feel you were denied Effective Assistance of trial council, and a Fourteenth Amendment right to effective assistance of Appeals Counsel for your Initial-Review Collateral Proceedings because either you did not have an attorney during your first Rule 32, or your Arizona R. Crim. P Rule 32 Lawyer was ineffective for failing to investigate Trial Counsel claims and/or other substantial right claims during trial, it would be important to draft out a notarized affidavit outlining the facts in your specific case and send them to the addresses below. If we're able to gain enough affidavits, then we could proceed to present these facts to a federal district court asking them to appoint class counsel and certify our case as a class action. All we can do is try! In Strength and Solidarity, Revolution!
Send your notarized affidavits to:
Arizona Prison Watch P.O. Box 20494 PHX, AZ 85036
Middle Ground Prison Reform 139 E Encanto Drive Tempe, AZ 85281
Arizona Justice Project P.O. Box 875920 Tempe, AZ 85287-5930
MIM(Prisons) adds: Please note to not send your affidavits to MIM(Prisons). We do not have the resources to copy and mail your affidavits to the addresses listed above.
We commend this comrade on discovering loopholes in the legal system and attempting to remedy them to the advantage of the most oppressed in this country. We encourage comrades in Arizona to participate in this effort to provide more legal support to prisoners in the state (at least on paper).
And we must remember that our struggle cannot stop there. While a successful habeas corpus case may help a prisoner to be released, a release is only as valuable as what you do with your time when you've made it outside. A recently released comrade wrote of the challenges s/he will face after h parole, and the difficultes s/he will have in carrying out political work, even though s/he is supposedly now "free." The trend toward individualism of general legal counsel is one reason why the MIM(Prisons)-led Prisoners' Legal Clinic only works on issues directly related to expanding our ability to organize, educate, and build toward an end to illegitimate imprisonment altogether (i.e. communist society). We believe people should fight for their release, but that they also should struggle for the release of the world's majority from the chains of imperialism.
Related to the topic of carefully selecting our battles, we have written extensively on the limitations of focusing on fighting housing mentally ill prisoners in long-term isolation.(1) Some shortcomings of this strategy are legitimization of long-term isolation for not-yet-mentally-ill prisoners, and the fact that long-term isolation leads to mental illness in prisoners even if they entered isolation with sound mind and body. Of course we agree with the principle that mentally ill prisoners should not be housed in long-term isolation. But we take it further to say that no prisoners should be housed in long-term isolation, and we see no value in selling out some comrades on this issue in order to save others; eventually everyone held in long-term isolation will suffer mental illness. Abolish the SHU!
Understanding the historical foundations that imperialism rests upon, it's not surprising that the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has moved to censor MIM material at United States Prison (High-SMU) Florence, Colorado.
As a New Afrikan, and a native indigenous warrior, I strove to show a qualitative form of unity by creating a social-political educational study class with MIM material. However, in a classic predictable anti-social way the BOP censored our materials. By the will to outlast our captors we remain committed and courageous as we strive to expand our political awareness and sharpen our mental tools.
As we study European expansionism, conquest and imperialism we find that their art of politics easily turns into their art of war. By tracking the footprints of history we find the first thing to be seized, controlled and destroyed by European settlers and conquerors is the cultural, political and educational facilities and institutions of those conquered.
By studying the mechanics of imperialistic conquest, we find that to effectively colonize a people the colonial system must thoroughly entrench itself inside the minds of that subjected people. Thus, the educational system of that people must be replaced, and repressed with an anti-social educational system that reinforces a system of slavocracy.
The masters of the means of production fear a people armed with the social weapon of political education, because true liberation education is the well of hope and power that directs and harnesses the humanism of humanity. Education for the colonized is not static nor does it exist on a one dimensional level that's academic in nature. Political, social and cultural education is forever in motion working in a dialectical relationship with materialism. Education is the catalyst for the process of decolonization.
Our brother Frantz Fanon noted: "Decolonization is the veritable creation of new men. But this creation owes nothing of its legitimacy to any supernatural power, the 'thing' which has been colonized becomes 'man' during the same process it frees itself..." Thru correct political and social education the "things" (i.e. the nigga, the pimp, the social parasite, the whore, the agent of fratricide and natural genocide, the gangster, the dope fiend, dope pusha, and every other reactionary element in our community) become true healers of humanity by finding a new sense of humanity within themselves. This is the powerful potential of education.
In Amerikkka it was a crime in the 1700s and 1800s for a slave to be able to read. We hung like strange fruit from trees for just picking up a book. This pervasive ignorance was a sturdy bolt in maintaining the system of chattel slavery, and we find the same system and pervasive ignorance in place today. So for a system that is bent on maintaining the present order of things it becomes a criminal act to possess and process any material that would induce a neo-colonial slave to bend these bars back, break these chains, challenge our minds, find our humanism and take our freedom. The class enemy understands that in the right hands, in the right minds, education would be a dangerous tool. It would become an anti-imperialist weapon of mass destruction and mass liberation at the same time. It would compel the "thing" to become "man", break the chains and rise up and slit the throat of those who presently pull the levers of control.
Our captors work overtime to repress any tendency of the birth of new age Malcolm Xs and George Jacksons. They understand that these jails and prisons are our universities and finishing schools. They know and understand there is a living contradiction between the ruling class and those of us who wear the chains of neo-colonialism. And the imperialists also know and understand there is a scientific development of opposites that's inherent in everything. Thus the material conditions will force the masses to bear the responsibility of solving the economic, political and social contradictions one day. So they can burn all the books, destroy all the libraries, kill all the wisemen, censor all the material they want, but they can't stop liberation.
Much hype and media attention has been brought by the murder of the runner up of the Miss Universe, Miss Venezuela. News pundits like to point out that Venezuela had over 25,000 murders last year and is the world's murder capital. The killing of any person through murder and greed is sad and tragic, but what the media fails to talk about is Amerika's own murder rate.
Statistics for 2010-2011 from the FBI's Crime in the U.S. report has murder and negligent manslaughter at 14,612. This is below the 24,000 murders in Venezuela, but it doesn't account for murders committed by the U.$. armed forces around the globe. In the United States the number of forcible rapes for 2010-2011 was 85,593. This does not account for non-reported rapes as well as rapes in the military.
The government-mouthpiece media in the U.$. viciously portrays other country's problems and flaws in order to keep the prying eyes of the world off the United $tates.
People the world over should strive to end crime in their communities. But most importantly people should understand that the grandfather of all criminals is the imperialist system here in Amerika.
A quote by Malcolm X found in MT7 struck me hard: "I'm not going to sit at your table and watch you eat, with nothing on my plate, and call myself a diner. Sitting at the table doesn't make you a diner, unless you eat some of what's on that plate. Being here in America doesn't make you an American. Being born here in America doesn't make you an American."..."No, I am not an American, I'm one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of Americanism. I don't see any American dream, I see an American nightmare."(1)
I'm hard pressed to find an organization that's "Latino" nationalist and agitating for the emancipation of what is currently the south western portion of the United $tates to become a nation itself.
These days you hear Latinos all throughout the United $tates clamoring for comprehensive immigration reform. Enough of this assimilation, and how about a call for what was once Mexico to return to its people. Whether this emancipated state will become part of modern day Mexico or form its own nation is for the people to decide for themselves. Those same people clamoring for immigration reform, who fail to realize that they are an oppressed nation within an oppressor nation, can't help but feel as if they constitute a part of this oppressor class (white chauvinism). The policies that will be enacted due to their protesting and petitions will only hurt and destroy the Latino communities. As a people who are already stigmatized and oppressed, the crumbs of the white nation are counter to the ultimate interests of Latino people.
It's no secret how the INS and ICE deport huge numbers of Latino people who only come here to make and earn a living. Some might ask: if Amerika is so fucked up why do you want Latinos here? Well if numbers are power then the more people we have the better we are able to form a revolutionary nationalistic party and arouse national sentiment in face of brutality. Moreover as burdensome jobs will go to those immigrants the better it'll be to swell the ranks of the proletariat.
Most people these days are so jingoistic with Amerikanism that at the same time they wave the U.$. flag they wave their country of origin flag too, not grasping how NAFTA and trade relations with "south Amerika" are one sided and are to the advantage of the white U.$. middle class. Even within prison you hear prisoners clamoring of how great the United $tates is.
Oppressed nations must take notice that you are not what the U.$. constitution meant to defend, you never will be and it's futile to think cheering and asking for reforms will free your nation. H. Ford Douglas put it nicely: "There is as much force in a black [Brown, red, etc] man's standing up and exclaiming after the manner of the 'old Roman' - 'I am an American citizen,' as there was in the Irish man who swore he was a loaf of bread, because he happened to be born in a bake oven... I can hate this government without being disloyal, because it has stricken down my manhood and treated me as a saleable commodity. I can join a foreign enemy and fight against it, without being a traitor, because it treats me as an ALIEN and a STRANGER, and I am free to avow that should such a contingency arise I should not hesitate to take any advantage in order to procure indemnity for the future. I can feel no pride in the glory, growth, greatness or grandeur of this nation."(2)
by a North Carolina prisoner January 2014 permalink
They say "America is the land of the free" But what about the millions of people who are just like me Locked in a cage for petty crimes Don't you see in this so called land of the free a dead president's face on a piece of paper is worth more than you or me And they say the U.S.A. is home of the brave What's so brave about locking a man in a cage with nothing other than time to bottle up his rage There is some who are addicts others who are mentally ill And the answer to the problem when society no longer wants us around send us to a court so a judge can lay us down But that judge is no better than you or me He's just as crooked as any other politician you see If you have the money he'll let you go free But if you're indigent the outcome is the millions of people who are just like me
On 21 May 2013 I filed a Section 1983 Civil Suit against Illinois Department of Corrections employees S. Rhone-Plaskett (Counselor), A. Winemiller (Correctional Officer), Jackie Miller (Administrative Review Board Representative), and Grievance Officer (John Doe) for the unconstitutional banning of the November/December 2012 No. 29 issue of Under Lock & Key (ULK).
This lawsuit is the second one that I have filed concerning the bogus banning of ULK and I expect to file many more in the future. This lawsuit is based on the grounds that the Defendants cannot substantiate the banning of ULK and that the banning of ULK violates my Constitutional Rights to:
Receive and own reading material;
Have freedom of speech; and
Have freedom of political expression.
Any material or support you can offer that would aid me in my battle against censorship in Illinois would be greatly appreciated. Specifically, I would count it a blessing if you would comb through your archives and send me anything you have regarding censorship of ULK in Illinois, especially the November/December 2012 No. 29 issue of ULK.
Filing lawsuits does work! Because of the pressure I have been applying by filing Section 1983s, I was allowed to have the March/April 2013 No. 31 issue of ULK, the first issue of ULK that I have received since November 2011. So keep your heads high and your hearts strong as we continue to fight the phenomenon of censorship. It is just another contradiction facilitated by the proletariat/bourgeois contradiction.
MIM(Prisons) responds: Some comrades in Illinois have been permitted to receive ULK without censorship, after much work on their end to defend their rights. In other facilities, it is still banned. Specifically, at Sheridan, Menard, Stateville, and Lawrence Correctional Centers, ULK is being censorsed for any reason from "banned in facility" (Stateville) to "promotes unauthorized organization activity" (Menard). Still, we are being banned without notice to publisher or prisoner (Lawrence) and mailroom employees at Sheridan inconsistently enforce a policy that labels are not permitted on mail pieces; we have yet to see this policy in writing in any official format.
Several prisoners in Illinois have stepped up to help out with the censorship battle in their state. We recently began engaging with these volunteers on an organized basis to help push this battle to a head. We need prisoners who are facing censorship to fight out their persynal censorship battles, like the author of this article has done. MIM(Prisons) and the Prisoners' Legal Clinic volunteers can assist, but we can't fight the battle for you.
The author of this article is correct that occasionally we will make gains, and expand space, for revolutionary organizing. We can use the legal system to make small reforms that make our job easier; for example, defending the right to receive revolutionary newsletters. But we don't expect to be free of all censorship, as it is a manifestation of the battle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat; it is a manifestation of the battle between the Amerikan oppressor nation, and the oppressed internal semi-colonies. We use the administrative procedures and courts when we can, but ultimately we know we can't rid ourselves of censorship, or any other social ill, unless we resolve the root problem: oppression of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie, and oppression of the internal semi-colonies by the Amerikan nation. We can only make this sweeping change by throwing out the entire capitalist imperialist system itself.
by a North Carolina prisoner January 2014 permalink
I would like to update my article in ULK 33. Our lawsuit against guard assaults on prisoners has gained attention and helped us win some protections. The pigs in Raleigh were ordered to install eleven new cameras and extra equipment to double storage capacity, set up a new policy to investigate assaults, and the court hired an expert to go into the prison to inspect it to see if blind spots are covered and other areas have been corrected. They have also replaced the entire unit staff.
We are now in discovery since the judge refused to throw out the prisoner beatings lawsuit. This case is getting some press, and the Herald Sun reported: "The judge made a not so veiled reference to the practice of punishing inmates by locking them up in dim solitary units." The judge said "your case is about sunlight where you claim there were systematic violations" to the lawyers for the prisoners. "What we need to do with this lawsuit is not bury it in a deep, dark hole and proceed with discovery."(1)
So one damn thing for sure we got a judge on our side. The same way they have taken from us (a little at a time) we all can do the same to them. It's just a matter of team work.
MIM(Prisons) adds: This is a good example of a winnable court battle that will result in some improvements in safety for prisoners. But it will not stop the inhumane abuse that continues throughout prisons in North Carolina. This is an ongoing contradiction of our fight against the criminal injustice system at this stage: we take on reformist battles to try to improve the conditions under which our comrades suffer, but we know that these reforms offer no more than minor adjustments to a system that is based on the oppression and suffering of those locked within.
It is ironic that the prisoners in North Carolina have to go to court to fight for their own safety within prison, while the state's justification for every repressive act is "safety" (including North Carolina's excuse for censoring Under Lock & Key for over three years straight). This exposes the reality of the criminal injustice system: a brutal tool of social control that endangers the safety of all who are captured in its broad nets. We need to take advantage of reform battles like this one, both to gain some breathing room for our comrades and to educate others and build unity. We can't end the abuse until we eliminate the criminal injustice system, but these reformist battles are important steps along the way in our ultimate fight against imperialism as a whole.
by a South Carolina prisoner January 2014 permalink
It's cold outside, yesterday we had ice on the ground, and lots of rain, and for a month now I have been without shoes. We are given clogs, which you know are not made for inclement weather. They have holes in the bottoms. I wear compression hose due to edema in my legs. The cement sidewalk eats a hole in them and medical won't replace them for a month, the clogs I'm told have to be worn one year before they can be exchanged. The service life is one year, which does not take into account the weight of a person or his walking habits.
The medical department at Evans Correctional Institution is dysfunctional. South Carolina Department of Corrections (SCDC) hired a racist physician's assistant as a necessary component to reduce prison medical expenditures. Finally after letters to the medical board, Senators, filing grievances, talking to other prisoners who experienced problems with this same physician's assistant, prompting them to engage this fight against intolerance, he finally moved on. SCDC only hires those with less than perfect records, the last doctor was barred from practice in 3 states (Dr. Paul Drago #9700531). Now the nurses are taking up where they left off, we've had three deaths that I know of and it's not getting any better.
The food is mostly a mystery meat that is supposed to be turkey, which used to come in a box that read "not for human consumption." Now we have the same meat, in a different box. More often than not the food is cold (not serving temperature), prisoners are given the wrong size portions, some more, others less. Food supervisors just come for the pay check, and we get 6 minutes to eat. Some prisoners say they are going to bed hungry. The others that can afford it go to the canteen where most of the food is high in price and salt.
MIM(Prisons) adds: We looked up Dr. Drago and found that he was a plastic surgeon before working at the prison, not exactly the specialty needed there. But after having his license revoked in multiple states, this was likely the only job he could get. This is how little we value the health of prisoners: subjecting them to the "care" of doctors who are deemed unfit to practice medicine outside of prison.
Health and health care are generally available in direct proportion to people's wealth and status under imperialism. Those at the bottom are lucky to have access to any medical care, and live in conditions that lead to greatly reduced life expectancy. The life expectancy in many African countries is less than 60, and those doing well are in their 60s, while imperialist countries of the world enjoy a life expectancy in the 80s. This discrepancy is killing people, lives that could be saved with a more equitable distribution of resources and education. Prisoners in the United $tates share the interests of the oppressed in the Third World in the fight for access to health care and safe and sanitary living conditions.
As of 27 December 2013 we have received reader surveys back from 7.6% of our subscribers over the last 11 months. We began running the survey in Under Lock & Key requesting some basic persynal information and feedback on the content of ULK. Our goal was to assess who is reading ULK and what we can do to improve the content. The survey respondents overall represent a distribution of prisoners in line with the general prison population, with a few exceptions consistent with the focus of our work. In particular, we have significant over-representation from Texas, California and Pennsylvania among our readers. This means prisoners in those states are getting more input into the content of ULK. While we are no longer collecting survey responses, we welcome readers to send us your feedback on what you like and what you think could be improved as we are constantly looking to improve ULK.
Assuming that respondants to our reader survey represent the general readership of ULK, we evaluated the information on their demographics to see how this compares to the prison population overall in the United $tates. Below we discuss some differences between ULK readers and the general prison population.
Our average surveyed age is 40, but in 2011 only 40% of the prison population was over 40. This is not a surprising fact: people who are older and more educated behind the bars are turning to revolutionary politics. We could conclude that a longer time in prison leads people to become more politically advanced.
Relative to the U.$. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) on "race" of prisoners, our survey respondents include a slight over-representation of New Afrikans and a significant underrepresentation of Latinos (16% compared to a 23% "Hispanic" population in 2011 overall). We are not surprised to have an undercount of Spanish-speaking folks responding to an english language survey, especially as Spanish-only migrants have been the fastest growing segment of the U.$. prison population in recent years. In addition, there was a significant percentage (8.3%) of people who identify as indigenous in our survey (including those who identified as half indigenous and half white). The BJS does not collect statistics on First Nations, so we must assume they are included in the remaining 5% that they do not class as Black, white or Hispanic. This indicates 8.3% is a relatively high percentage compared to the general prison population. As an organization fighting for the national liberation of oppressed nations, both internationally and within U.$. borders, we are not surprised that our readership in prison is even more skewed away from whites than the general prison population which is already only 34% white.
The latest study we found (2006) reports that 52% of prisoners are re-incarcerated. 61% of our respondents were incarcerated at least once before. This may be because those with a prison record get longer sentences and so are more likely to come into contact with ULK. They are also more likely to be older and active in prison, if our theory about age of prisoners is correct.
A very high percent (48%) of survey respondents are locked up in some form of solitary confinement (RHU, SHU, Control Units, Administrative Segregation, etc.). This is consistent with our experience that politically aware and active prisoners are targeted for isolation as punishment for their activism, and to try to isolate them from other prisoners to reduce their influence. Our research on control units indicates that less than 5% of prisoners are in long-term isolation in the United $tates.
In response to our question about what people like best about ULK, the most popular response (22%) was "all of it!" We appreciate the enthusiasm of our readers. More specific responses that were popular included a lot of support for the unity demonstrated by ULK articles (11%) and the stories about other prisoner's work and organizing (20%). There was also a lot of appreciation for state-specific and legal reporting (6%). Five percent of survey respondents liked best the core mission of ULK (which people described as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, internationalism, reporting the truth, or just "the mission"). In addition, we saw responses in support of book reviews, culture, Spanish, country-wide and world news reporting, and general education.
In response to the question about what our readers would like to see more of in ULK, aside from the third of the respondents who thought it was just perfect as is or just requested more of ULK, one of the popular responses (9.5%) was a request for more theory, including information on the history of revolutionary movements and revolutionary heroes, quotes from communists, Maoist theory in general, and more in depth analysis from MIM(Prisons). Related to the request for theory, because strategy is developed from theory, and tactics come from strategic direction, we also had a lot of people asking for strategic direction in general (5.5%), and many asking for more campaigns and tactical campaign work they can do in their prisons (5%). This is a good reminder for our USW leaders as well as our ULK writers and editors that we should tie general prison news to campaign work when possible, and we should be looking for opportunities to initiate new campaigns that will be both educational and lead to potential tactical victories for the revolutionary movement.
A lot of people (9%) want to see more state-specific information (every prisoner wants more information on their own state). We can only increase the content about your state if you take action and write about what's going on there. We rely on our readers for all of the state-specific reporting in ULK. And to really make good news, people need to be organizing so that we have campaigns, successes and failures to report on. So this is a response we hope comes from comrades who are sitting down now to write about their organizing efforts for the next issue.
There were also a lot of requests for resource lists (14.5%) or connections to other resources, and requests for legal information (12%). This is not part of our core mission for Under Lock & Key. We do run the Prisoners' Legal Clinic to help fight key legal battles, such as the censorship of political material. But MIM(Prisons)'s core mission is to build the anti-imperialist prison movement, and so we prioritize communist political organizing. We do not have the labor or funding to provide general resource lists and legal assistance in addition to our core work. We know there are not many groups out there doing this, but resource lists and legal assistance will ultimately only provide band-aids to a fundamentally broken system of imperialism. And anti-imperialist organizing is even more scarce in prisons than legal and resource work.
Additional suggestions from readers for specific areas of expansion included: art, control units, current events, international news, poetry, security, Spanish, U.$. government reporting, and issues faced by the elderly, wimmin and LGBTQ prisoners. There were a wide range of topics suggested and the ULK staff will be discussing all of them as we strive to improve Under Lock & Key.
A few prisoners responded to some of the survey questions requesting that ULK be "less racial", and "stop generalizing whites as oppressors" while one respondent liked "your hate against white people." These responses represent a fundamental misunderstanding of the MIM(Prisons) political line around nation. We do not hate white people; we hate the imperialist system which kills, tortures and oppresses the majority of the world's people for the wealth and enjoyment of the minority. We are scientists and we see clearly that in the United $tates the white nation is part of the minority of imperialist allies leading global oppression. But we also can see that the majority of the people in Russia before the revolution in 1917 who were oppressed were "white." It is not skin color that determines people's status as oppressor or oppressed. However, because of national oppression in the world today, we do see whole nations of people oppressed as a group by other nations. The white nation in the United $tates is an oppressor group, and there are many oppressed nations in the Third World. From an economic perspective, the other nations within U.$. borders are also part of the oppressors (New Afrikans, [email protected], etc.), but these groups also face national oppression and so have some interest in anti-imperialism. It's a complex system, that requires careful analysis and cannot be boiled down to race or hate against white people. We hope these readers will engage with us further for study to understand our position.
In this issue of Under Lock & Key we are featuring an extra four pages of content, which we hope our readers find to be educational and helpful in their organizing work. These four pages were funded by donators and the ULK Sustainers group, a group of United Struggle from Within members and supporters in prison who send in donations to expand ULK. To help fulfill the requests for more that was loud and clear in the survey results, join the ULK Sustainers group today.

domain: law


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On Tuesday, June 25 at 10:30am, Nancy Sander will present, “Aladdin,” a family puppet show to kick off our Summer Reading Program. “Aladdin” will be held in the Children’s Area of the Library on the second floor. Sander was the principal puppeteer consultant, puppet builder, puppet creator and puppet script writer for the Emmy Award winning children’s televisions show, “Hickory Hideout,” produced by WKYC-TV and WNBC-TV. She received an Emmy Award for her contribution to children’s television. The show also won the Parent’s Choice Award, the National Education Association Award and received a silver medal in the International Film and TV Awards of New York.
June 25, 2013 @ 10:30 am

domain: library


Content by tag : Brussels
In what could be one of the most impressive urban regeneration projects Brussels has ever seen, the Avenue de la Toison d'Or and the Boulevard de Waterloo in the upper part of the city centre will
A “very clear" meteorite was observed over parts of Western Europe early on Friday morning, according to the Mira Observatory, located in Grimbergen, Flanders.
Police authorities in Brussels fear repercussions among an already suspicious and frustrated populace after a video surfaced online showing two officers making racist and homophobic remarks while
The fire at the Palais des Beaux-Arts – Bozar – in Brussels on Monday night has caused more damage than first thought, according to the city’s Building Authority.
From now on, all plastic packaging will be able to go into PMC/PMD blue refuse bags.
The decision by a police court magistrate in a speeding case heard last October does not pose a danger to the newly introduced Zone 30 in the Brussels Region, the office of mobility minister Elke
On Tuesday, Manuel Martinez, a victim of the terrorist attack on Brussels International Airport in Zaventem on 22 March 2016, underwent surgery for the 34th time.
Ten years ago, more than a third of the inhabitants of the Brussels region had a Belgian background, now it is a quarter, according to a report from Statbel, the Belgian statistics agency.
The City of Brussels has given the green light to modified plans for the redevelopment of the Place Royale.


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a user ...
Undergraduate & Medical SchoolUndergraduate: BS, Physiology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
Medical: MD, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
Post-Medical School TrainingResidencies:
General Surgery, David Grant USAF Medical Center Travis AFB, California
Plastic Surgery, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Lackland AFB, Texas
Fellowship: Hand Surgery, Kleinert Institute for Hand and Microsurgery Louisville, Kentucky
Treatments offered at PRMA Plastic Surgery
Most popular answers from Gary I. Arishita, MD
Hello Ramona58!It is very possible for different surgeons to have a difference in opinion for surgery. It is always advisable to seek multiple... READ MORE
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domain: medical


text:
News & Blog
Title says it all, really. A bunch of stuff from the interwebs from the recent UK shows. All in one place, to save you scrambling around…
On the day of A Flash Flood Of Colour‘s release, we’re having a party/VERY small show by way of celebration.
Oi oi. Added some dates on the European mainland ahead of the UK shows in March.
Just a quick trip this time…
News: AUSTRALIA 2012!!!
hey friends down under! we’ll be back in February/March for Soundwave. More news as we get it, but for now….
ENTER SHIKARI album #3, ‘A FLASH FLOOD OF COLOUR’, will be released worldwide on Monday 16th January 2012.
Here’s some details, plus details of the March 2012 ‘A Flash Flood Of Colour UK Tour’.

domain: entertainment


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Valentine's Day 2023: Here are the 8 most romantic drives in the country
Loved-up couples can plan a Valentine’s Day getaway that doesn’t break the bank after experts named the eight most romantic drives in Britain.
By Jon Peake
Published 6th Feb 2023, 17:28 BST
Updated 6th Feb 2023, 17:30 BST
They include roads with breathtaking views such as the Three Lochs Forest Drive in Scotland as well as quiet villages in The Cotswolds, where lovers can feel like they’re in the middle of a romantic movie.
While most couples may choose to celebrate the day with a candle lit meal or a trip to their local cinema it doesn’t have to cost much more to take a romantic UK road trip together.
A drive across any one of these romantic destinations is the perfect way to switch up the usual plans.
Here are the eight most romantic drives in Britain, according to LeaseCar.uk ...
Page 1 of 3


A Hamilton Street apartment complex was awarded a roughly 13 percent refund on its property tax bill over two years after a judgment by the state Tax Court.
Thousands of tons of soil must be removed and taken to another site in addition to some remediation at the site of a proposed five-story rental complex near Lot B on Main Street.
The city’s vacating of 13 feet of Dock Street will allow the developer to project Meridia Lafayette Village’s living space over an additional 10 parallel parking spaces on the street.
The former Elizabethtown Gas building will be acquired for $1 million but the Rahway Residence for the Arts planned for the site is on hold until the next application round of federal housing tax credits, which might not be until next year.
The City Council on Monday unanimously approved the reappointment of Anthony Diege to another four-year term to the Redevelopment Agency board commissioners.
Rahway can generate six million gallons of water per day but could come up two million gallons short, according to a recent study. The shortage doesn’t mean your faucets are in danger of running dry but it is likely to impact your wallet.
For the second time in as many months, the Redevelopment Agency approved an additional change to the Hamilton Stage for Performing Arts nine months after its opening.


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6 x 8
American Happiness is an eclectic collection of poems that addresses everything from the death of parents to racial tension to the encroachment of coyotes into urban spaces. The title is taken from a poem in the last section of the book which considers the kinder, gentler exploits of Sheriff Andy and Deputy Barney during a time when Southern law enforcement officers were reputedly neither kind nor gentle. As the speaker points out, “Barney had one bullet/and no need for rope. / The only burning he did was for his Thelma Lou,” a fact that allowed an audience in the midst of racial violence to laugh and “forget/ that outside our own windows/other sheriffs with loaded guns, snarling dogs, and ready hoses/made quick work of a world on fire.” Like the poem, the collection explores how happiness in these United States is often dependent upon the stories we create for ourselves while we ignore the realities outside our own windows.
"It is cause for celebration that Ms. Trimble is making poetry which is timely and timeless, elegant and brutal, wise and innocent. Highly recommended."
—Mark Childress, author of Crazy in Alabama and Georgia Bottoms
"Jacqueline Trimble is fiercely dedicated to turning everyday life into poetry. She is 'washing off a brown boot/or dozing on a screened porch/or cutting biscuits with a cup/or dreaming of another life/when she stops and takes the knife.' With the incisive knife of her poetry, she also probes America’s racial divide: 'Oh, my beloved country, what is to become of us,/Caught as we are in our own imagined terror?' She is always luminously aware of life’s pleasures and their cost: 'the sun at her back, the wounded in her wake.'"
—Andrew Hudgins, author of Probably After the Lost War
"Jacqueline Trimble’s treatment of the paradoxical quality of love, of the pain of living and dying, of the blood of black history, and of a flirtation with the existential and transcendental—these and more are written with clarity, power, beauty, and grace. American Happiness is a must read."
—Leonard A. Slade, Jr., Professor of Africana Studies and English, State University of New York at Albany
"Not content with simple answers or easy platitudes, Trimble engages the contrasts and contradictions, even absurdities, of American life in the twenty-first century. Her grace is in the anger distilled to the bitter draft you savor as it bites, in thinking to ask whether Jean-Paul Sartre ever asked Simone de Beauvoir to go to the Winn-Dixie, in the fairy tales she rewrites and the myths of America she questions. This book you hold in your hands will teach and inspire and delight you. Be ready."
—Jennifer Horne, Author of Little Wanderer: Poems and Tell the World You're a Wildflower: Stories


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e have now booked tickets to go to Nebraska and there’s enough document visa italie $$$ in the United States. In: Edmonston B, Passel JS, editors. Immigrants to the most effective of our incoming mail. Turkey Visa Application Form For Sri Lankans it is a consequence, they assist you to discuss to to try to someone you already know is in ICE Custody or within the new wave of households, they’re going to be this way.
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About to bring my 05 Outback XT in for the wheel bearing replacement and notified them of the fan running all the time as well. Computer shows no open recall on this since the previous owner had the relay replaced. Now with the fans running all the time its quite obvious the first replacement relay has gone bad again and now caused the computer to be damaged.
I will be very vocal about getting this replaced again(Im just over 80,000 miles) once they diagnose/confirm the problem on Monday. If rejected I will be recording a nice YouTube video on the issue and posting it on every forum I can find as well as on Twitter. I just will not take no for an answer for a recalled part that has failed again and no damaged the computer. This could get interesting and quite enjoyable. I'll post the results of my dealer visit next week.
In the meantime has anyone else been able to get Subaru to replace the parts twice??
Originally Posted by sumfoo1
grrr... so its happened to this car before... and they won't fix it again under the recall which i think is bull...


text:
Sunday, December 8, 2019
A Fresh Investor’s Perspective on Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK)
Merck & Co. Inc. (MRK) Net income fell to 9.72 billion: Growth Analysis
Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK) – Full Trading Performance Analysis
Page 2 of 2
JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU) – A Trader’s Perspective
BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. (BDSI) – Watching Financial Trends Closely
An Sonos, Inc. (SONO) Stock Analysis for Serious Investors
Is This Why Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (PEI) Share Has...
Is Square, Inc. (SQ) Worth Adding to Your Portfolio?
The company works with high risks, willing to accept it for reaching the higher goal. However, their good reputation proves that clients are their main priority at the market. E-mail to communicate with the editors: email@example.com
Olin Corporation (OLN) – Full Trading Performance Analysis
Investment Potential for Consolidated Edison, Inc. (ED): A Closer Look
Is This Why Baker Hughes Company (BKR) Share Has Been Rising?
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domain: finance


text:
Weezer has revealed details of one of their most exciting projects to date: SZNZ, a four EP song cycle of sorts.
SZNZ will be released at the start of every season via Crush Music/Atlantic Records. Each EP will offer its own palette of colours, creatures, and emotions to explore. They’re also being created in real-time, made in tandem with the season themselves; the band only just finished SZNZ: Spring, and have yet to begin work on SZNZ: Summer, SZNZ: Autumn, and SZNZ: Winter. Once they’ve all been released, however, the EPs will create an incredible collection of some of Weezer’s best songs yet.
SZNZ: Spring, which was produced by Jake Sinclair, Ethan Gruska, and Suzy Shinn, will be released on March 20th, which is the spring equinox. It features the band’s highly addictive new single, “A Little Bit Of Love,” which you can listen to here.
Weezer will be debuting “A Little Bit Of Love” on March 21st as the first instalment of a seasonal residency they will be doing throughout the year on Jimmy Kimmel Live!. The four-piece is the first band to ever do a residency on the acclaimed late-night show.
Later this year, the band head across to Europe to join Green Day and Fall Out Boy on the long-awaited Hella Mega Tour.
06/19 – Vienna, Austria – Ernst-Happel Stadion
06/21 – Antwerp, Belgium – Antwerps Sportpaleis
06/22 – Groningen, Netherlands – Stadspark
06/24 – London, United Kingdom – London Stadium
06/25 – Huddersfield, United Kingdom – John Smith’s Stadium
06/27 – Dublin, Ireland – Marlay Park
06/29 – Glasgow, United Kingdom – Bellahouston Park
07/02 – Paris, France – Paris La Defense Arena


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JK ONOGOŠT ponovno odnio zlatni pehar na 23.DUBROVNIK OPEN-u »
freško dodano »
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domain: game


The violence that happened in Machile, Mulobezi constituency is very and it must be investigated to make sure the perpetrators of violence are punished.
Our sources in the area have revealed to us that the United Party for National Development (UPND) cadres ambushed the Secretary General of Patriotic Front (PF) Mr. Davies Chama in Mulobezi constituency.
We have confirmed that the police have impounded a Toyota Hilux D4D registration number ALD 9469 allegedly belonging to the UPND campaign manager Mr. Siyanga Siyauya MP for Sesheke.
It is alleged that items of violence were found in the said car. Mr. Siyauya is currently in police custody because he is believed to be the mastermind of the ambush.
A ZAWA officer was shot during the violence when he tried to stub the driver of the SG with a military knife which is in the hands of the police.
This ZAWA officer is a UPND cadre from Sesheke. Our sources tell us that there are a number of men who have been refereed into Mulobezi constituency to campaign for UPND candidate Mr. Hastings Sililo.
We don’t blame the poor cadres, but leaders who incite these poor people to engage in violence while they watch from afar and deny responsibility.
While ruling PF and the UPND are the ones who are mostly involved in political violence, the later seem to be less willing to take responsibility for their violence acts.
The leadership of UPND is lukewarm when it comes to condemning violence perpetrated their party.
A number of times we have heard the leadership of PF condemning and warning it’s cadres against violence. PF National Youth Chairman Hon. Chishimba Kambwili and President Edgar Lungu have often spoken clearly against violence.
However, the UPND leadership and Mr. Hichilema have always come to the defense of their cadres. Rather than take responsibility, they cry out louder of being brutalized by the PF and the police.
Mr. Hichilema could not even condemn the violence that happened before him at Cresta Golfview Hotel which has landed some UPND cadres in trouble as the case is in High Court.
Instead condemning the violence at the hotel, Mr. Hichilama blamed the freedom of movement and association of a citizen, that he should not have been there.
The Assistant Secretary General Mr. Kuchunga Simusamba even went to an extent of threatening life when some UPND cadres were arrested. Such arrogance is not acceptable in a democratic society like ours, after 50 years of independence.
UPND must change their attitude and take responsibility of the violence if they are going to stop their cadres from engaging in violence.


In this first chapter, you learn:
What macros are and how they are used.
How Visual Basic for Applications relates to and enhances macros.
Why you need to add VBA program commands to recorded macros, and why you should use VBA to program macros without recording.
How to record and run a macro.
This chapter has no sample files.


THE NATION; The Budget Law Does Its Work, Too
By DAVID E. ROSENBAUM
Published: January 29, 1989
WASHINGTON— BUSH Administration officials and Congressional leaders are not counting on the National Economic Commission to grease the way to a compromise on reducing the Federal budget deficit. Rather, they are banking on the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law to bludgeon them into an agreement.
The law requires the projected budget deficit for fiscal 1990, which begins Oct. 1, to be no more than $100 billion, $27 billion lower than what the Administration is now forecasting if no changes are made in spending or revenues.
If the Administration and Congress have been unable to reach that target by Oct. 15, then the law mandates automatic spending cuts in almost every area of Government. Only interest on the debt, Social Security, most of Medicare and a few programs providing benefits to the poor would be exempt.
''Pressure to get an agreement is very strong,'' said Representative Thomas S. Foley of Washington, the Democratic majority leader. ''No one wants an across-the-board cut.''
Such a cut, officials said, could seriously affect military readiness and air safety and raise havoc with city governments, students who rely on loans for college and countless others who expect a certain level of Federal financing.
Richard G. Darman, who was confirmed by the Senate last week as President Bush's budget director, called automatic cuts ''a silly way to budget,'' but he warned the Pentagon and other agencies to make ''contingency'' plans in case negotiations fail.
At this stage, both sides believe they can reach an accommodation. The main sticking point, of course, is taxes - not only how to deal with the question, but when. President Bush has repeated his campaign pledge of ''no new taxes'' so often that the lawmakers generally accept that he cannot afford the embarrassment of backing down, at least not this year. And any prospect that he would accept taxes by any other name was discounted after Mr. Darman propounded his duck rule: ''If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it's a duck.''
The timing is crucial. Most budget specialists have concluded that the $100 billion deficit target can be met this year without raising taxes -especially since the Bush Administration seems likely to use the economic assumptions prepared by the Reagan Administration, even though Mr. Bush's chief economic adviser, Michael J. Boskin, deems them overly optimistic. But many experts doubt the target can be reached without higher taxes next year, when the economy may be weaker and when the law requires the deficit to be cut to $64 billion.
The prevailing view is that President Bush would like to put off the toughest choices until next year, thus keeping his no-tax promise for at least a year and giving his assistants more time to master the intricacies of the budget. Members of Congress, on the other hand, are determined not to vote on taxes in 1990, a Congressional election year. If they must cast such a vote, they say, they want to do it this year, even if the higher taxes do not go into effect until next year.
Mr. Darman and his staff are putting together the budget plan the President will submit to Congress on Feb. 9. The negotiations that begin then may well succeed. But probably not until the October deadline nears, and certainly not until every drop of political advantage has been squeezed out by all concerned.


text:
TaxProf Blog op-ed: Revisiting the California Bar Exam Cut Score, by Mitchel L. Winick (President & Dean, Monterey College of Law):
The traditional arguments in favor of maintaining an artificially high minimum passing score for the California Bar Exam seem so easy to defend. In the name of “public protection” we should require that the state only license the smartest and most capable lawyers. After all, how can “dumbing down the test” be in the best interest of the public or the profession? But these so-called policy arguments, seemingly righteous, lofty, and logical, do not reflect the actual legal questions that need to be asked. The licensing standard for passing the California bar exam should be a cut score that reflects the reasonable threshold for the “minimum qualifications for the first year practice of law.” This standard is well established by the Court and the Committee of Bar Examiners. Therefore, the legal question is whether the result of continuing to use 1440 as the minimum passing score in California meets the required licensing standard. Enforcing the appropriate standard serves a critical role in protecting the public, providing access to justice, and supporting diversity of the bench and bar.
Before we get into the details of who passes the California exam at 1440 . . . first lets do a logic check . . . does anyone really believe that 60% of all law school graduates from across California and the US and 68% of lawyers licensed to practice law in other jurisdictions are unqualified for the first-year practice of law in California? That is what we are supposed to believe from the results of the July 2018 bar exam. Forgive me, but that sounds more like protecting a home-state monopoly than protecting the public. The 1440 minimum passing score, when compared to the national mean score of 1350, results in California denying licensure to 20% more examinees than every other major jurisdiction, despite the fact that the California threshold licensing standard is purportedly measuring the same entry-level qualifications as all other jurisdictions.
Furthermore, California’s July 2018 examinees actually outscored the nation on the Multistate Bar Exam. As reported by the state bar, the mean scaled Multistate Bar Examination score on the July exam in California was 1404 compared with the national average of 1395. In fact, examinees on the California exam have outscored the national mean score on the Multistate Bar Exam every single year over the past 10 years. However, during this same period, the California scoring system appears to have artificially manufactured the lowest passing rate in the country.
For the California bar exam results to be valid, the argument would need to be made that practicing law in California is so unique and difficult that fewer than one-third of attorneys licensed and practicing in any other state, regardless of experience and only 40% of law school graduates, despite scoring the highest MBE test scores in the country, can qualify as a first-year lawyer in California. Excuse the repetition, but this continues to sound more like protecting a home-state monopoly than any legitimate effort to protect the public.
So why didn’t the California Supreme Court adjust the cut score back in 2017 when the same arguments were presented? In 2017, the "ask" was that the Court declare an emergency and invoke its inherent authority over attorney licensing in order to reset the cut score. In hindsight, this may have been asking the Court for too great of a leap at the wrong time. After all, the equivalent of the 1440 cut score had been in place for 60 years, there was only one recent bar exam result that dropped so precipitously to set off alarms (July 2015 = 43% pass rate), the change from a threeday to a two-day bar exam had just been introduced, the California State Bar was in the midst of being cloven in half to separate regulatory and trade association functions, and the Bar had just reported to the Court that a "focus group" study (using only 20 lawyers) determined that a cut score anywhere between 1388 and 1440 had a 95% chance of being valid. In the broader context, it was likely that there was just too much going on for the Court to move precipitously, so they did as courts do, they deferred judgment on the merits and asked for more information. It is important to note that the Court did not actually rule on any of the specific legal or policy challenges presented in the substantive briefs from the ABA law schools, California Accredited law schools, or others. They deferred comment, took no action, and asked for more information.
Fast-forward to today and we are at a different place. There have been two more two-day California bar exams with alarming results, including the 40% pass rate in July 2018 that is the lowest in 67 years. The state bar has been forced to report out (in response to a California Public Records Act request) updated race/ethnicity exam results that give rise to serious “disparate impact” legal questions created by the use of 1440 vs. 1350, a recent Bar sponsored performance study has refuted the argument that LSAT and UGPA admission policies were the primary cause of plummeting bar pass rates, and a separate state bar sponsored report confirmed that there was no relationship between high cut scores and reducing the number of unethical disciplined lawyers.
Even more troubling, the recently released state bar statistics from the July 2018 bar exam indicate that if the national standard of 1350 were applied in California, the passing rate of white examinees would increase approximately by 43 percent, Asians by 64 percent, Hispanics by 68 percent, and Blacks by 125 percent. This type of statistical differential by race/ethnicity for a mandatory, pre-employment state licensing exam is a textbook definition of the type of “disparate impact” that the California Courts have found unconstitutional in previous employment cases.
Protection of the public requires that California citizens have access to qualified lawyers who reflect the diverse communities of California, meet rigorous academic standards, pass a comprehensive moral character review, and pass the mandatory Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam. No one is arguing otherwise. Public protection also requires a bar exam minimum passing score that properly reflects the legal standard set by the court and meets the constitutional requirements for equal protection for all examinees under California law.
Finally, it is important to note that adjusting the minimum passing score to meet the appropriate legal standard is not “dumbing down the test.” The same rigorous, multi-dimensional bar exam will continue to be used. The test will not change. However, the uncontested facts on hand . . . a disproportionate failure rate of otherwise qualified examinees when compared to national standards and the apparent adverse impact on protected classes . . . provides more than enough reason for the California Supreme Court to reconsider the current scoring of the California bar exam in order to fulfill its obligation to protect the public, provide access to justice, and support diversity of the bench and bar.
Mitchel Winick serves as President and Dean of Monterey College of Law, a private, non-profit, California Accredited Law School system that also includes San Luis Obispo College of Law and Kern County College of Law. Winick is the former chair of both the State Bar of California’s Law School Council and the Committee of Bar Examiners Rules Advisory Committee.

domain: politics


For the first time since the start of the pandemic, the number of people dying in the U.K. with a recent positive Covid-19 test is significantly overstating the true death toll from the virus, according to new data.
In recent weeks, a commonly watched measure of Covid-19 mortality—deaths within 28 days of a positive test—has been around 30% higher than the number of registered deaths involving Covid-19 and nearly 75% higher than the number of registered deaths where Covid-19 was named as the main cause.
That gap contrasts with most of the pandemic, when those two metrics tracked one another closely—at least after the first wave, when a lack of testing capacity meant that the death certificate figures significantly exceeded deaths within 28 days of a positive test.
The pandemic has exacted an enormous death toll in the U.K. and around the world. But the latest figures offer hope that now more people in the U.K. are dying with Covid-19, not because of it. Whether that will translate to other countries, such as the U.S., remains to be seen.
The U.S. hasn’t shown a significant divergence between front-line mortality data and the death certificate counts that accrue more slowly, but eventually provide what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says is the most accurate tally. The two systems seem to track closely so far, according to Robert Anderson, chief of the mortality statistics branch at the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics.
The agency has counted close to 900,000 Covid-19 deaths via death certificates, at least 90% of which record Covid-19 as the underlying cause. The remaining deaths list it as a contributing cause, according to the CDC. Epidemiologists believe this U.S. count likely misses many Covid-19 deaths, especially from early 2020, when tests were in short supply.
The U.K. data provide another indication of how the Omicron variant—more transmissible but often less serious than its predecessors—is changing the shape of the pandemic. With hospitalizations and deaths falling, the U.K. government said this week it will lift all remaining Covid-19 restrictions in England on Feb. 24, including the legal requirement to isolate for five days after testing positive, if the downward trends continue.
Although case numbers reached record highs last month, hospitalizations and deaths have been well below the levels during the winter peak a year ago. High infection numbers mean many people dying from other causes happen to also have the virus.
Scientists are using automation, real-time analysis and pooling data from around the world to rapidly identify and understand new coronavirus variants before the next one spreads widely. Photo Illustration: Sharon Shi
Soon after the pandemic began, the U.K. government started tracking deaths within 28 days of a positive test to get a near real-time snapshot of those dying from the new disease. Collecting data on the number of death certificates which mention Covid-19 as a contributing cause is more precise, but takes longer to collate.
The two sets of data overlap substantially but not completely. Some Covid-19 fatalities aren’t immediately captured in the death-certificate data due to delays in registrations. But that proportion is likely to be small: Deaths are typically registered within five days—as required by law unless a coroner’s investigation is needed—and nearly 90% are registered within two weeks, according to the U.K.’s Office for National Statistics.
SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS
Is the Omicron variant leading you to change your behavior or plans? If so, how? Join the conversation below.
The snapshot figure has the potential to overcount and undercount true Covid-19 deaths. It misses people who die more than a month after testing positive for the virus, perhaps because they spent many weeks in intensive care. But it also includes people who died of other causes soon after testing positive for the virus.
During most of the pandemic, the snapshot figures closely tracked the measure using death certificates and at times even undershot it. But now they appear to be diverging, as sky-high infection rates from Omicron mean that many people dying from other causes happen to also have the virus.
Death-certificate data from England and Wales show that, in the five weeks from Dec. 25 to Jan. 28, Covid-19 was implicated in 5,755 deaths, and was the underlying cause in 4,304 of those. That compares to 7,480 deaths within 28 days of a positive test recorded over the same period, a number which includes people who had Covid-19 when they died but for whom the virus played no part in their death.
“We didn’t see this before Omicron,” said Paul Hunter, Professor in Medicine at the University of East Anglia. “It’s because Omicron is causing a lot of infections, and is much less likely to kill you.”
The Covid-19 memorial wall in London.
The data, from the U.K.’s Office for National Statistics, also show that deaths from any cause are lower than the five-year average, based on the years 2016 to 2019, and 2021. The ONS excluded 2020 from the average to prevent the pandemic from having an outsize impact on average death figures. That means that, despite high levels of Covid-19 infection, fewer deaths from any cause are occurring than would be expected at this time of year. Earlier waves of the pandemic were associated with surges in so-called excess deaths.
High levels of immunity in the U.K. from vaccination and prior infection, more treatments to forestall serious illness, and the milder symptoms associated with the Omicron variant have kept a lid on the worst effects of the virus, despite record-high case numbers. More than 37 million people in the U.K. have received a booster, around two-thirds of all people aged 12 and over. Among those aged 70 and older—the group most at risk of severe illness—more than 90% have received a booster shot.
The snapshot measure of deaths within 28 days of a positive Covid-19 test may soon become less relevant, but while cases are high it is still a useful early indicator, according to Prof. Hunter. Although higher than death-certificate data, they show a similar falling trend.
Another aspect of the death-certificate data suggests that the virus is becoming less deadly. In the week ending Jan. 28, doctors listed Covid-19 as an underlying cause in 986 deaths. That is 71% of all deaths where the disease contributed to the death, much lower than the 90% figure during the peak of the Alpha wave last winter. While any mention of Covid-19 means that the virus was thought to play some role in the death, that role appears to be shrinking.
—Jon Kamp contributed to this article.
Write to Denise Roland at firstname.lastname@example.org
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