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- Foods with the highest vitamin D content
- Useful properties and its effect on the body
- Interaction with other elements
- Healthy food combinations with vitamin D
- Use in official medicine
- Vitamin D dosage forms
- The use of vitamin D in traditional medicine
- Vitamin D in the latest scientific research
- The use of vitamin D in cosmetology
- The use of vitamin D in animal husbandry
- Use in crop production
- Interesting Facts
- Contraindications and cautions
- Read also about other vitamins:
International name – , antirachitic vitamin, ergocalciferol, cholecalcefirol, viosterolol, solar vitamin. The chemical name is ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), 1,25 (OH) 2D (1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
Helps maintain healthy bones, keeping them strong and strong. Responsible for healthy gums, teeth, muscles. Essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, helps prevent dementia and improve brain function.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble substance necessary for the mineral balance in the body. There are several forms of vitamin D, the most studied and the main forms important for humans are cholecalciferol (vitamin D3which is synthesized by the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2contained in some products). When combined with regular exercise, proper nutrition, calcium and magnesium, they are responsible for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones. Vitamin D is also responsible for the absorption of calcium in the body. In combination, they help prevent and reduce the risk of bone fractures. It is a vitamin that has a positive effect on muscle health and also protects against diseases such as osteomalacia.
A brief history of the discovery of the vitamin
Diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency were known to mankind long before its official discovery.
- Mid-17th century – Scientists Whistler and Glisson first carried out an independent study of the symptoms of the disease, later called “rickets“. However, scientific treatises did not say anything about how to prevent the disease – enough sunlight or good nutrition.
- 1824 Dr. Schötte first prescribed fish oil as a treatment for rickets.
- 1840 – Polish doctor Sniadecki released a report that children living in regions with low solar activity (in the polluted center of Warsaw) have a greater risk of developing rickets compared to children living in villages. Such a statement was not taken seriously by his colleagues, as it was believed that the sun’s rays could not affect the human skeleton.
- Late 19th century – over 90% of children living in polluted European cities suffered from rickets.
- 1905-1906 – the discovery was made that with a lack of certain substances from food, people fall ill with one or another disease. Frederick Hopkins suggested that in order to prevent diseases such as rickets, it is necessary to take some special ingredients with food.
- 1918 – the discovery was made that hounds who eat fish oil do not get rickets.
- 1921 – Scientist Palm’s assumption of a lack of sunlight as the cause of rickets was confirmed by Elmer McCollum and Margarita Davis. They demonstrated that by feeding laboratory rats fish oil and exposing them to sunlight, the growth of rats’ bones was accelerated.
- 1922 McCollum isolated a “fat-soluble substance” that prevents rickets. Since not long before that vitamins A, B and C of a similar nature were discovered, it seemed logical to name the new vitamin in alphabetical order – D.
- 1920s – Harry Steenbock patented a method of irradiating foods with UV rays to fortify them with vitamin D.
- 1920-1930 – Various forms of vitamin D were discovered in Germany.
- 1936 – It was proved that vitamin D is produced by the skin under the influence of sunlight, as well as the presence of vitamin D in fish oil and its effect on the treatment of rickets.
- Beginning in the 30s, some foods in the United States began to be fortified with vitamin D. In the postwar period in Britain, there was frequent poisoning from excess vitamin D b. Since the early 1990s, numerous studies have appeared on the decrease in vitamin levels in the world’s population.
Foods with the highest vitamin D content
Indicated approximate content of D2 + D3 in 100 g of product
Daily need for vitamin D
In 2016, the European Food Safety Committee set the following RDA for vitamin D, regardless of gender:
- children 6-11 months – 10 mcg (400 IU);
- children over one year old and adults – 15 mcg (600 IU).
It is worth noting that many European countries set their own vitamin D intake, depending on solar activity throughout the year. For example, in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the norm since 2012 is the consumption of 20 μg of vitamin per day, since in these countries the amount obtained from food is not enough to maintain the required level of vitamin D in blood plasma – 50 nano mol / liter. In the US, the recommendations are slightly different, with people aged 71 and over being advised to consume 20 mcg (800 IU) per day.
Many experts believe that the minimum amount of vitamin D received should be increased to 20-25 mcg (800-1000 IU) per day for adults and the elderly. In some countries, scientific committees and nutritional societies have succeeded in raising the daily value to achieve the optimal concentration of the vitamin in the body.
When does the need for vitamin D increase?
Despite the fact that our body is able to produce vitamin D on its own, the need for it can increase in several cases. At first, dark skin color reduces the body’s ability to absorb type B ultraviolet radiation, which is necessary for the production of the vitamin. In addition, the use of sunscreen SPF 30 reduces the ability to synthesize vitamin D by 95 percent. In order to stimulate the production of the vitamin, the skin must be fully exposed to the sun’s rays.
People living in the northern parts of the Earth, in contaminated regions, working at night and spending the day indoors, or those who work from home, must ensure that they get enough vitamin levels from their food. Infants who are exclusively breastfed should receive a vitamin D supplement, especially if the baby has dark skin or minimal sun exposure. For example, American doctors advise giving babies 400 IU of vitamin D daily in drops.
Physical and chemical properties of vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group fat-soluble substanceswhich promote the absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphates in the body through the intestines. There are five forms of vitamin D in total.1 (mixture of ergocalciferol and lumisterol), D2 (ergocalciferol), D3 (cholecalciferol), D4 (dihydroergocalciferol) and D5 (sitocalciferol). The most common forms are D2 and D3… It is about them that we are talking in the case when they say “vitamin D” without specifying a specific number. These are secosteroids by nature. Vitamin D3 is produced photochemically, under the influence of ultraviolet rays from the protosterol 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is present in the epidermis of the skin of humans and most higher animals. Vitamin D2 is found in some foods, especially mushrooms and shiitake. These vitamins are relatively stable at high temperatures, but are easily destroyed by oxidizing agents and mineral acids.
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Useful properties and its effect on the body
Vitamin D has been confirmed to have clear health benefits, according to the European Food Safety Committee. Among the positive effects of its use are observed:
- normal development of bones and teeth in infants and children;
- maintaining the condition of teeth and bones;
- normal functioning of the immune system and a healthy response of the immune system;
- Reducing the risk of falls, which are often the cause of fractures, especially in people over 60;
- normal absorption and action of calcium and phosphorus in the body, maintenance of normal levels of calcium in the blood;
- normal cell division.
In fact, vitamin D is a prohormone and has no biological activity by itself. Only after it undergoes metabolic processes (first turning into 25 (OH) D3 in the liver, and then in 1a, 25 (OH)2D3 and 24R, 25 (OH)2D3 in the kidneys), biologically active molecules are produced. In total, about 37 vitamin D3 metabolites have been isolated and chemically described.
The active metabolite of vitamin D (calcitriol) performs its biological functions by binding to vitamin D receptors, which are mainly located in the nuclei of certain cells. This interaction allows vitamin D receptors to act as a factor that modulates the expression of genes for transporting proteins (such as TRPV6 and calbindin) that are involved in intestinal calcium absorption. The vitamin D receptor belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones and is found in the cells of most organs – the brain, heart, skin, gonads, prostate and mammary glands. Activation of the vitamin D receptor in the cells of the intestine, bone, kidney and parathyroid gland leads to the maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood (with the help of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin), as well as the maintenance of normal skeletal tissue composition.
Key elements of the vitamin D endocrine pathway are:
- 1 photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D.3 or dietary intake of vitamin D2;
- 2 vitamin D metabolism3 in baked up to 25 (OH) D3 – the main form of vitamin D circulating in the blood;
- 3 function of the kidneys as endocrine glands for the metabolism of 25 (OH) D3 and converting it to the two main dihydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D – 1a, 25 (OH)2D3 and 24R, 25 (OH)2D3;
- 4 systemic transfer of these metabolites to peripheral organs by plasma binding protein vitamin D;
- 5 the reaction of the above metabolites with receptors located in the nuclei of cells of the corresponding organs, followed by biological responses (genomic and direct).
Interaction with other elements
Our body is a very complex biochemical mechanism. How vitamins and minerals interact with each other is interconnected and depends on many factors. The effect that vitamin D produces in our body is directly related to the amount of other vitamins and minerals called cofactors. There are a number of such cofactors, but the most important are:
- : One of the most important functions of vitamin D is to stabilize the calcium level in the body. That is why the maximum absorption of calcium occurs only when there is a sufficient amount of vitamin D in the body.
- : every organ in our body needs magnesium in order to properly perform its functions, as well as fully transform food into energy. Magnesium helps the body absorb vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and vitamin D. Magnesium can be obtained from foods such as nuts, seeds, and whole grains.
- : our body needs it for wound healing (ensuring blood clotting) and for maintaining healthy bones. Vitamin D and K work together to strengthen bones and develop them properly. Vitamin K is found in foods such as kale, spinach, liver, and hard cheese.
- : It helps us fight infections, form new cells, grow and develop, and fully absorb fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Zinc helps vitamin D to be absorbed in skeletal tissues and also helps transport calcium to bone tissue. A large amount of zinc is found, as well as some vegetables and grains.
- : our body needs it a little, but, nevertheless, it plays an important role in the metabolism of many substances, including vitamin D. Boron is found in foods such as peanut butter, wine, raisins, and in some leafy vegetables.
- : Together with vitamin D, Retinol and beta-carotene help our “genetic code” work. If the body lacks vitamin A, vitamin D will not be able to function properly. Vitamin A can be obtained from, mango, liver, butter, cheese, and milk. It must be remembered that vitamin A is fat-soluble, so if it comes from vegetables, it must be combined with various fat-containing foods. This way we can get the most out of food.
Healthy food combinations with vitamin D
The combination of vitamin D with calcium is considered the most beneficial. Our body needs a vitamin in order to fully absorb calcium, which is essential for our bones. Good product combinations in this case would be, for example:
- grilled salmon and lightly braised kale;
- omelet with broccoli and cheese;
- sandwich with tuna and cheese on whole grain bread.
Vitamin D can be beneficial to combine with magnesium, for example, eating sardines with spinach. This combination may even lower the risk of heart disease and colon cancer.
Of course, it is better to get the required amount of vitamin directly from food and spending as much time as possible in the fresh air, allowing the skin to produce vitamin D. The use of vitamins in tablets is not always useful, and only a doctor can determine How long of this or that element is necessary for our body. The wrong intake of vitamins can often harm us and lead to the occurrence of certain diseases.
Use in official medicine
Vitamin D is essential for regulating the absorption and levels of calcium and phosphorus minerals in the body. It also plays an important role in maintaining proper bone structure. Walking on a sunny day is an easy, reliable way for most of us to get the vitamin we need. When exposed to sunlight on the face, arms, shoulders and legs once or twice a week, the skin will produce a sufficient amount of the vitamin. The exposure time depends on age, skin type, season, day. It’s amazing how quickly vitamin D stores can be replenished with sunlight. Just 6 days of intermittent sun exposure can compensate for 49 days without sun. The fat reserves of our body serve as a storehouse for the vitamin, which is gradually released in the absence of ultraviolet rays.
However, vitamin D deficiency is more common than one might expect. People living in northern latitudes are especially at risk. But it can occur even in sunny climates, as residents of southern countries spend a lot of time indoors and use sunscreens to escape excessive solar activity. In addition, deficiency often occurs in older people.
Vitamin D as a medicine is prescribed in such cases:
- 1 with a low content of phosphorus in the blood due to a hereditary disease (familial hypophosphatemia). Taking vitamin D along with phosphate supplements is effective in treating bone disorders in people with low blood phosphate levels;
- 2 with a low content of phosphates with Fanconi syndrome;
- 3 with a low content of calcium in the blood due to low levels of parathyroid hormones. In this case, vitamin D is taken orally;
- 4 taking vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is effective in the treatment of osteomalacia (softening of the bones), including those caused by liver disease. In addition, ergocalciferol may help with osteomalacia due to certain medications or poor intestinal absorption;
- 5 … In some cases, topical application of vitamin D together with medications containing corticosteroids is a very effective treatment for psoriasis;
- 6 with renal osteodystrophy. Vitamin D supplementation prevents bone loss in people with kidney failure;
- 7 rickets. Vitamin D is used in the prevention and treatment of rickets. People with renal insufficiency need to use a special form of the vitamin – calcitriol;
- 8 when taking corticosteroids. There is evidence that vitamin D in combination with calcium improves bone density in people taking corticosteroids;
- 9 osteoporosis. Vitamin D is believed to3 prevents bone loss and bone weakening in osteoporosis.
Some studies show that getting enough vitamin D can reduce the risk of some types of cancer… For example, it was observed that in men taking high doses of the vitamin, the risk of colon cancer was reduced by 29% compared with men who have a low concentration of 25 (OH) D in the blood (study in more than 120 thousand men for five years). Another study tentatively concluded that women who were exposed to sufficient sun exposure and consumed vitamin D supplements had a lower risk of breast cancer after 20 years.
There is evidence that vitamin D may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseasesin which the body produces an immune response against its own tissues. Found that vitamin D3 modulates autoimmune responses that mediate immune cells (“T cells”), so that autoimmune responses are reduced. These are diseases such as type 1, diffuse and rheumatoid.
Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest an association between higher blood levels of 25 (OH) D and lower blood pressure, suggesting that 25 (OH) D decreases renin synthesis, playing a key role in regulation of blood pressure.
Low vitamin D levels can increase the likelihood of morbidity. Preliminary evidence suggests that vitamin D may be a useful adjunct to the usual treatment for this infection.
Vitamin D dosage forms
Vitamin D in dosage form can be found in different forms – in the form of drops, alcohol and oil solutions, solutions for injections, capsules, both alone and in combination with other beneficial substances. For example, there are such multivitamins as:
- cholecalciferol and calcium carbonate (the most popular combination of calcium and vitamin D);
- alfacalcidol and calcium carbonate (active form of vitamin D3 and calcium);
- calcium carbonate, calciferol, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, manganese sulfate and sodium borate;
- calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol, magnesium hydroxide, zinc sulfate heptahydrate;
- calcium, vitamin C, cholecalciferol;
- and other additives.
Vitamin D is available in supplements and fortified foods in two forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). Chemically, they differ only in the structure of the side chain of the molecule. Vitamin D2 produced by ultraviolet irradiation from ergosterol, and vitamin D3 – by irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol from lanolin and chemical conversion of cholesterol. These two forms are traditionally considered equivalent based on their ability to cure rickets, and indeed most of the steps involved in the metabolism and action of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are identical. Both forms effectively increase 25 (OH) D levels. No specific conclusions have been drawn about any different effects of these two forms of vitamin D. The only difference is when using high doses of the vitamin, in this case vitamin D3 is very active.
The following dosages of vitamin D have been studied in scientific studies:
- to prevent osteoporosis and fractures – 400-1000 International Units per day;
- to prevent falls – 800-1000 IU of vitamin D in combination with 1000-2000 mg of calcium per day;
- to prevent multiple sclerosis – long-term intake of at least 400 IU per day, preferably in the form of a multivitamin;
- for the prevention of all types of cancer – 1400-1500 mg of calcium per day, in combination with 1100 IU of vitamin D3 (especially for women during menopause);
- for muscle pain from taking drugs called statins: vitamin D2 or D3, 400 IU per day.
Most supplements contain 400 IU (10 mcg) vitamin D.
The use of vitamin D in traditional medicine
Traditional medicine has long appreciated foods rich in vitamin D. With them, there are many recipes used to treat certain diseases. The most effective of them:
- eating fish oil (both in capsule form and in natural form – by eating 300 g / week of fatty fish): to prevent hypertension, arrhythmia, breast cancer, to maintain a healthy body weight, from psoriasis and to protect the lungs when smoking, when, depression and stress, inflammatory processes. Ointment recipe for pruritus, psoriasis, herpetic dermatitis: 1 teaspoon of elecampane, 2 teaspoons of fish oil, 2 teaspoons of clarified lard.
- application of chicken eggs: raw egg yolk is useful for fatigue and fatigue (for example, a mixture of gelatin powder and raw egg dissolved in 100 m of water is used; a drink made from warm milk, raw chicken yolk and sugar). When coughing, use a mixture of 2 raw yolks, 2 teaspoons, 1 dessert spoon of flour and 2 dessert spoons of honey. In addition, there are several recipes for the treatment of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. For example, in case of unpleasant sensations in the liver, folk recipes recommend drinking 2 beaten egg yolks, drinking 100 ml of mineral water and applying a warm heating pad to the right side for 2 hours. There are also recipes with eggshells. For example, with chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestines, high acidity, or, folk recipes are advised to take half a teaspoon of ground eggshell in the morning on an empty stomach. And to reduce the risk of stone formation, you can use the calcium salt of citric acid (egg shell powder is poured with lemon juice, wine or apple cider vinegar, stirred until dissolved, or 1-2 drops of lemon juice are dripped onto 3 tablespoon of egg powder). An infusion of egg shells and citric acid is also considered an effective remedy for arthritis. With sciatica, it is advised to rub the back with a mixture of raw eggs and vinegar. Raw eggs are considered a good remedy for psoriasis, raw yolks (50 grams) are mixed with birch tar (100 grams) and heavy cream. apply an ointment from fried daughter yolks of hard-boiled eggs.
- milk, rich in vitamin D – this is a whole storehouse of folk recipes for a variety of diseases. For example, goat milk helps with fever, inflammation, belching, shortness of breath, skin diseases, cough, tuberculosis, sciatic nerve disease, urinary system, allergies, etc. With a severe headache, it is advised to drink 200 grams of goat milk with grated viburnum berries with sugar. For the treatment of pyelonephritis, folk recipes are advised to consume milk with apple peel. With exhaustion and asthenia, you can use oat broth in milk (simmer 1 glass of oatmeal in the oven with 4 glasses of milk for 3-4 hours on low heat). With inflammation of the kidneys, you can use an infusion of birch leaves with milk. It is also recommended to take a decoction of horsetail in milk for inflammation of the urinary system and edema. Milk with mint will help relieve an attack of bronchial asthma. For persistent migraines, a mixture of boiling milk with a fresh egg stirred in it is used for several days – one week. To reduce acidity, pumpkin porridge cooked in milk is useful. If the affected areas are wet, lubricate with a decoction of 600 ml of milk with 100 grams of black radish seeds and 100 grams of hemp seeds (you can also apply compresses for 2 hours). For dry eczema, applications are used from a decoction of 50 grams of fresh burdock leaves in 500 ml of milk.
- butter used, for example, for trophic ulcers – in the form of an ointment from 1 part of marsh dryweed powder, 4 parts of oil and 4 parts of honey.
Vitamin D in the latest scientific research
It has been found that taking a high dose of vitamin D for four months can slow the process of vascular hardening in overweight dark-skinned young people. Hard vascular walls are a harbinger of many fatal heart diseases, and vitamin D deficiency appears to be a major contributing factor. According to research from the Georgia Medical Institute, USA, very high doses of the vitamin (4000 IU per day, instead of the recommended 400-600 IU) were observed to reduce vascular hardening by a record 10,4 percent in 4 months.
2000 IU lowered it by 2%, 600 IU led to a deterioration of 0,1%. At the same time, in the placebo group, the vascular condition worsened by 2,3%. Overweight people, especially dark-skinned people, are at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Darker skin absorbs less sunlight and fat interferes with vitamin production.
Vitamin D supplementation can help relieve painful irritable bowel syndrome, according to a recent study by scientists from the University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism.
The study found that vitamin D deficiency is common in IBS patients, regardless of ethnicity. In addition, the effect of this vitamin on the symptoms of the disease has been studied. While scientists believe further observations are needed, the results already show that consuming the vitamin in dosage form can reduce IBS symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea and constipation. “The data shows that all people with irritable bowel syndrome should have their vitamin D levels checked. It is a poorly understood disease that directly affects the quality of life of patients. Nowadays, we still don’t know what causes it and how to treat it, ”says Dr. Bernard Korfy, research leader.
The results of clinical trials, published in the journal of the American Osteopathic Association, show that about one billion of the world’s population may suffer from complete or partial vitamin D deficiency due to chronic diseases and regular use of sunscreen.
“We spend more and more time indoors, and when we go outside, we usually put on sunscreen, and ultimately prevent our body from producing vitamin D,” says Kim Pfotenhauer, Ph.D. student at Turo University and researcher on the subject. “While overexposure to the sun can lead to skin cancer, a moderate amount of ultraviolet rays are beneficial and necessary to increase vitamin D levels.” It has also been noted that chronic diseases – type 2 diabetes, malabsorption, kidney disease, Crohn’s disease and celiac disease – markedly inhibit the absorption of vitamin D from food sources.
Low vitamin D levels in newborns have been associated with an increased likelihood of developing autism spectrum disorders in children as young as 3 years old, according to a recent study published in the journal Bone and Minerals Research.
In a study of 27 newborns from China, 940 were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at the age of 310, representing a prevalence of 3 percent. When comparing data for 1,11 children with ASD to 310 controls, the risk of ASD was significantly increased in each of the bottom three quartiles of vitamin D levels at birth compared to the highest quartile: 1240 percent increased risk of ASD in the lowest quartile, 260 percent in the lowest quartile. the second quartile and 150 percent in the third quartile. “Newborn vitamin D status was significantly associated with risk of autism and mental disability,” said senior study author Dr. Yuan-Ling Zheng.
Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels helps prevent the onset of certain inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, according to researchers at the University of Birmingham.
However, while vitamin D is effective in preventing inflammation, it is not as active when an inflammatory condition is diagnosed. Rheumatoid arthritis, along with other diseases, makes the body immune to vitamin D. Another key finding of the study was that the effect of vitamin D on inflammation could not be predicted by studying cells from healthy people or even blood cells from patients suffering from inflammation. Scientists have concluded that even if vitamin D is prescribed for inflammatory conditions, doses should be significantly higher than currently prescribed. Treatment should also correct the vitamin D responsiveness of immune cells in the joint. In addition to the already known positive effect of vitamin D on skeletal tissue, it also acts as a powerful modulator of immunity – this vitamin is able to reduce the inflammatory process in autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and can be prescribed by doctors in a medicated form.
Getting enough vitamin D in infancy and childhood reduces the risk of developing an autoimmune reaction to the islets of Langerhans (a collection of endocrine cells, predominantly in the tail of the pancreas) with an increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.
“Over the years, there has been disagreement among researchers as to whether vitamin D can reduce the risk of developing self-cell immunity and type 1 diabetes,” says Dr. Norris, study leader. Type 3 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease with an annual incidence of 5-10 percent worldwide. The disease is currently the most common metabolic disorder in children under 1 years of age. In young children, the number of new cases is especially high. And the risks are likely to be higher at higher latitudes, further north of the equator. Vitamin D is a protective factor in type 1 diabetes because it regulates the immune system and autoimmunity. Moreover, vitamin D status varies with latitude. But associations between vitamin D levels and autoimmune response to islets of Langerhans have been inconsistent, due to different study designs, as well as different levels of vitamin D in different populations. This study is unique in its kind and shows that higher vitamin D levels during childhood significantly reduce the risk of this autoimmune reaction. “Since the current results do not reveal a causal relationship, we are developing promising studies to see if vitamin D intervention can prevent type XNUMX diabetes,” said Dr. Norris.
Vitamin D supplementation helps protect against acute respiratory illness and influenza, according to a study by Queen Mary University of London (QMUL).
The results, published in the British Medical Journal, were based on clinical trials among 11 participating in 25 clinical trials conducted in 14 countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, India, Afghanistan, Belgium, Italy, Australia and Canada. It should be noted that individually, these trials have shown conflicting results – some participants reported that vitamin D helps protect the body from SARS, and some that it does not have a noticeable effect. “The point is, the immune effect of vitamin D supplementation is most pronounced in those patients who have initially low vitamin D levels when taken every day or every week.” Vitamin D – often referred to as the “vitamin of the sun” – protects the body from airborne infections by increasing levels of antimicrobial peptides – natural antibiotic substances – in the lungs. The result may also explain why we get colds and flu most often in winter and spring. During these seasons, the level of vitamin D in the body is least high. In addition, vitamin D protects against asthma attacks that cause respiratory infections. Daily or weekly intake of the vitamin reduced the likelihood of getting ARVI in people with levels below 25 nanomoles / liter. But even those who had enough vitamin D in their bodies benefited, although their effect was more modest (a 10 percent reduction in risk). In general, the reduction in the threat of catching a cold after taking vitamin D was on par with the protective effect of the injectable influenza and SARS vaccine.
The use of vitamin D in cosmetology
Vitamin D can be used in a variety of homemade skin and hair mask recipes. It nourishes the skin and hair, gives them strength and elasticity, and rejuvenates. We bring to your attention the following recipes:
- Fish oil masks… These masks are suitable for aging skin, especially dry skin. Fish oil goes well with: for example, a mixture of 1 tablespoon of yeast, fatty sour cream, 1 teaspoon of fish oil and honey is effective. This mask must first be placed in a water bath in hot water until the fermentation process begins, then stir and apply on the face for 10 minutes. You can also use a mixture of fish oil and honey (1 teaspoon each, with the addition of 1 tablespoon of boiled water) – such a mask after 10-12 minutes will help smooth out fine wrinkles and improve skin color. Another effective recipe for a fish oil mask, which is suitable for all skin types, will give it freshness and beauty. For such a mask, you need to mix 1 teaspoon of eggshell powder, 1 teaspoon of fish oil, 1 egg yolk, 2 teaspoons of mustard honey and half a glass of boiled pulp. The mask is applied to the face with warm, after 10-15 minutes, washed off with cool water.
- Egg masks… These masks are very popular and effective for all ages and skin types. For example, for aging skin, a moisturizing mask with 1 tablespoon of crushed dried peel, 1 egg yolk and 1 teaspoon of olive oil is suitable. For any skin type, a nourishing and cleansing mask of 2 proteins, 1 tablespoon of honey, half a teaspoon of almond oil and 2 tablespoons of oatmeal is suitable. For dry, aging skin, you can use a mask of 1 tablespoon of puree, 1 yolk, sour cream and honey. To get rid of wrinkles, a mask of 1 yolk, 1 teaspoon of vegetable oil and 1 teaspoon of aloe leaf juice (previously kept in the refrigerator for 2 weeks) is suitable. To care for oily skin and tighten pores, a mask is suitable, which includes 2 tablespoons, half a teaspoon of liquid honey and one egg. A whitening mask for any skin type contains half a glass of carrot juice, 1 teaspoon of potato starch and half a raw egg yolk, applied for 30 minutes and washed off in a contrasting way – sometimes with cold or hot water.
- Hair and scalp masks with vitamin D… Such masks most often include an egg or egg yolk. For example, a mask is used for hair growth, which includes 1 tablespoon of lemon juice, 1 tablespoon of onion juice and 1 egg yolk – applied once a week for 1 hours before washing your hair. For dry hair, a mask with 2 egg yolks, 2 tablespoons of burdock oil and 2 teaspoon of calendula tincture is suitable. Nourishing mask for thinning hair – 1 tablespoon of burdock oil, 1 egg yolk, 1 teaspoon of honey, 1 teaspoons of onion juice and 2 teaspoons of liquid soap (apply this mask an hour or two before washing your hair). To strengthen the hair roots and get rid of dandruff, use a mask from the infusion of 2 tablespoon of crushed leaves, 1 tablespoons of juice and egg yolk. Effective masks against hair loss are a cinnamon mask (2 egg, 1 tablespoons of burdock oil, 2 teaspoon of ground cinnamon and 1 teaspoon of honey; rinse off after 1 minutes) and a mask with sunflower oil (15 tablespoon of sunflower oil and 1 yolk, washed off after 1 minutes). Also useful for strengthening and shining hair is a mask with 40 tablespoon of honey, 1 tablespoon of castor oil, 1 yolk and 1 tablespoon of brandy. To restore dry and damaged hair, use a mask with 1 yolks, 2 tablespoon of hazelnut oil and a drop of lemon essential oil.
The use of vitamin D in animal husbandry
Unlike humans, cats, dogs, rats, and poultry must get vitamin D from food, as their skin cannot produce it on its own. Its main function in the body of an animal is to maintain normal bone mineralization and skeletal growth, regulate the parathyroid gland, immunity, metabolism of various nutrients and protect against cancer. It has been proven through research that dogs cannot be cured of rickets by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation. For normal development, growth, reproduction, the food of cats and dogs must also contain a sufficiently high amount of calcium and phosphorus, which help the body synthesize vitamin D.
However, because natural foods contain low amounts of this vitamin, most commercially prepared pet foods are fortified synthetically. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency in pets is extremely rare. Pigs and ruminants do not need to get the vitamin from food, provided that they are exposed to sunlight for a sufficient amount of time. Birds that are also exposed to UV rays for a long time may produce some vitamin D, but to maintain skeletal health and egg shell strength, the vitamin must be supplied through the diet. As for other animals, namely carnivores, it is believed that they can get enough vitamin D by eating fat, blood and liver.
Use in crop production
While adding fertilizer to the soil can improve plant growth, dietary supplements intended for human consumption, such as calcium or vitamin D, are believed to provide no clear benefit to plants. The main plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Other minerals, such as calcium, are needed in small amounts, but plants use a different form of calcium from supplements. The popular belief is that plants do not absorb vitamin D from soil or water. At the same time, there are some independent practical studies that show that adding vitamin D to the water that plants are watered will accelerate their growth (as the vitamin helps the roots absorb calcium).
- In 2016, Daman insurance company created an unusual magazine cover to draw attention to such an important issue as vitamin D deficiency. The text on it was applied with a special light-sensitive paint. And to see it, people had to go outside, look for sunlight, thereby getting some portion of this vitamin.
- The sun’s rays, which help to synthesize vitamin D in the skin, cannot penetrate the glass – for this reason, we are unlikely to be able to sunbathe in a car, indoors or in a tanning bed.
- Sunscreen cream, even with sunscreen factor 8, can block up to 95% of vitamin D production. Vitamin D deficiency can occur, so a little time outdoors without sunscreen is very beneficial for your overall health.
- A clinical study from the University of Minnesota found that people who started a diet higher in vitamin D were able to lose weight faster and easier than people with vitamin D deficiency, although both groups ate the same standard low-calorie diet.
- Vitamin D is unique in that it is not used in the body like most vitamins. In fact, it is more likely referred to as hormones. Vitamin D is so important that it actually regulates the activity of over 200 genes – many times more than any other vitamin.
Contraindications and cautions
Signs of a Vitamin D Deficiency
The vitamin D molecule is fairly stable. A small percentage of it is destroyed during cooking, and the longer the product is exposed to heat, the more vitamin we lose. So, when boiling eggs, for example, 15% is lost, when frying – 20%, and when baking for 40 minutes, we lose 60% of vitamin D.
The main function of vitamin D is to maintain calcium homeostasis, which is essential for the development, growth, and maintenance of a healthy skeleton. With a vitamin D deficiency, it is impossible to obtain complete absorption of calcium and to satisfy the body’s needs. Vitamin D is required for effective dietary absorption of calcium from the intestines. Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency are sometimes difficult to identify and may include general fatigue and pain. Some people do not show symptoms at all. However, there are a number of common indications that may indicate a lack of vitamin D in the body:
- frequent infectious diseases;
- back and bone pain;
- long wound healing;
- hair loss;
- muscle pain.
If vitamin D deficiency continues for extended periods of time, it can lead to:
- chronic fatigue syndrome;
- neurodegenerative diseases such as.
A lack of vitamin D can be one of the reasons for the development of some types of cancer, especially breast, prostate and colon cancer.
Signs of excess vitamin D
Although vitamin D supplementation goes without any complications for most people, overdose sometimes occurs. These are called vitamin D toxicity. Vitamin D toxicity, when it can be harmful, usually occurs if you have been taking 40 IU per day for several months or longer, or if you have taken a very large single dose.
An excess of 25 (OH) D can develop if you:
- took more than 10 IU per day daily for 000 months or longer. However, vitamin D toxicity is more likely to develop if you take 3 IU per day every day for 40 months or more;
- have taken more than 300 IU in the last 000 hours.
Vitamin D is fat-soluble, which means it is difficult for the body to get rid of it if too much is ingested. In this case, the liver produces too much of a chemical called 25 (OH) D. When levels are too high, high levels of calcium in the blood can develop (hypercalcemia).
Symptoms of hypercalcemia include:
- bad state of health;
- poor appetite or loss of appetite;
- feeling thirsty;
- frequent urination;
- constipation or diarrhea;
- abdominal pain;
- muscle weakness or muscle pain;
- bone pain;
- feeling tired.
In some rare diseases, hypercalcemia can develop even when vitamin D levels are low. These diseases include primary hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, and several other rare diseases.
Vitamin D should be taken with caution for diseases such as granulomatous inflammation – in these diseases, the body does not control the amount of vitamin D it uses and what level of calcium in the blood it needs to maintain. Such diseases are sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, cat scratch disease, paracoccidioidomycosis, granuloma annular. In these diseases, vitamin D is prescribed only by a doctor and is taken strictly under medical supervision. Vitamin D is taken with great care in lymphoma.
Interaction with other medicinal products
Vitamin D supplements can interact with several types of medications. A few examples are shown below. Individuals who take these medicines on a regular basis should discuss vitamin D supplementation with health care providers.
Corticosteroid drugs such as prednisone, given to reduce inflammation, can reduce calcium absorption and interfere with vitamin D metabolism. These effects can further contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis. Some weight loss and cholesterol lowering drugs can reduce the absorption of vitamin D. Drugs that control seizures increase liver metabolism and decrease calcium absorption.
We have collected the most important points about vitamin D in this illustration and we would be grateful if you share the picture on a social network or blog, with a link to this page:
- 15 Surprising Ways To Get More Vitamin D,
- 9 Healthy Vitamin D Rich Foods,
- USDA Food Composition Databases,
- Vitamin D Intake Recommendations,
- High doses of vitamin D rapidly reduce arterial stiffness in overweight/obese, vitamin-deficient African-Americans,
- Vitamin D supplements could ease painful IBS symptoms,
- Widespread vitamin D deficiency likely due to sunscreen use, increase of chronic diseases, review finds,
- Low vitamin D levels at birth linked to higher autism risk,
- Maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels may help to prevent rheumatoid arthritis,
- Enough vitamin D when young associated with lower risk of diabetes-related autoimmunity,
- Vitamin D protects against colds and flu, finds major global study,
Use of any material without our prior written consent is prohibited.
The administration is not responsible for any attempt to apply any recipe, advice or diet, and also does not guarantee that the specified information will help or harm you personally. Be prudent and always consult an appropriate physician!

domain: chemistry


Greater Baltimore Committee article on alternative energy ahead of GBC’s 2008 Business Outlook Conference
Wind power is one of the cleanest ways to generate electricity, according to its advocates. Wind emits no pollution or toxins and is one of Earth’s most abundant resources, making it a viable alternative to fossil fuels.
A recent study by the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) found that state-of-the-art wind power plants can generate electricity for less than 5 cents/kWh; a price that is competitive with new coal and gas power plants. Supporters suggest that using modern wind farms in Maryland would also reduce smog, acid rain and greenhouse gas emissions.
Wind turbines are also one of the safest forms of renewable energy. AWEA studies show, to date, no member of the public has ever been injured during the normal operation of a wind turbine, with more than 25 years operating experience and with more than 70,000 machines worldwide.
Popularity with wind power is also increasing, according to the AWEA study. Wind power serves more than 1.6 million U.S. households and has been the fastest growing renewable energy source over the past ten years, with an average annual growth rate of more than 20 percent.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, several areas of Maryland are estimated to have good-to-excellent wind resources. These include the barrier islands along the Atlantic coast, the southeastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, and ridge crests west of Cumberland.
Nevertheless, wind power as an alternative energy source has drawn opposition in Maryland from residents in areas where wind farms have been proposed. Detractors cite environmental concerns and the technology’s perceived inability to produce reliable power in consistent quantities.
Opponents to wind farms have raised concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetics of the machinery, and inherent danger to surrounding wildlife.
Another drawback to wind energy is instability. Turbines rely on the wind, which can be intermittent and unpredictable. With the current technology, wind must blow at least 16 mph for power generation, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. In many cases traditional power plants are still required to generate enough energy to provide constant power to a particular area.
For more information about wind power and wind turbine technology, visit the American Wind Energy Association’s website.


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text:
Since its inception, Texas Aggies have demonstrated a strong commitment to
serving others within their ranks, as well as throughout their community,
state, nation and world. The entire graduating classes of 1941 and 1942
enlisted to help their nation during World War II. Now each spring the
Big Event, the largest single-day student-run
service project in the nation, is a small reminder of the countless ways
thousands of Aggie students give of themselves every day to help others.
Aggie Habitat for Humanity home
Texas A&M University's Vision 2020 plan includes as a goal to
"attain the highest rate of student participation in volunteer service
activities in a national research university." That's not hard to do
when the students have already been personally committed to this goal.
The Virtual Volunteer Services Center
can help you find a way to join in helping others.

domain: sociology


text:
- The fundamental factors in the coffee market are getting better
- Waiting for a deficit this season, a sharp drop in inventories
- The weak Brazilian real causes a sharp pullback in prices
We saw a big improvement in the coffee markets last Wednesday. The prices of both Arabica and Robusta have reached multi-month highs. On the other hand, we saw a continuation of the weakness of the Brazilian real, which started at the end of July and intensified in the middle of last week.
New supply and demand forecasts
In the case of fundamental factors, however, we have definitely better news. The ICO changes its forecasts and expects a large deficit on the market this season. The 2019/2020 season (October-September) will bring a decrease in coffee production to 168.006 million bags (-2.9% y / y). In turn, consumption will increase by 0.3% YoY to the record level of 168.492 million bags. Therefore, the deficit is expected to be almost half a million bags! This is a huge change, taking into account last year's surplus of 5.136 million bags and the June projection when the ICO expected a surplus of 1.85 million bags. Of course, these are still projections, but in real terms, we observe the surplus of demand over supply through the decline in inventories on the stock exchanges. Inventories monitored by ICE dropped to 1.5 million bags for Arabica (3-year low), while Robusta stocks dropped to a 1.5-year low.
The weather supports coffee prices
What about other factors? It turns out that the weather factors are not very favorable in the two most important coffee producing countries in the world - Brazil and Vietnam. Vietnam recorded a double-digit decline in exports (more importantly, Vietnam is the producer of Robusta, coffee which is mainly used in homes in the form of instant coffee, i.e. the one for which demand has not suffered during the pandemic, but has also benefited). In contrast, in Brazil, in the Minas Gerait area, current rainfall has fallen to 2% of its historical value.
Of course, not all factors support a further rebound in coffee prices. Before we move on to the most important one, it is worth mentioning two others. The weather in Colombia is currently very good, leading to an increase in coffee production prospects. Exports are growing on an annual basis in this country. Importantly, this country mainly produces Arabica, i.e. coffee used primarily in the restaurant sector. The second thing is coronavirus. The continued spread of the pandemic is not very good for the demand outlook, mainly for the restaurant sector. It turns out that demand did not suffer much during the pandemic, mainly due to the change of place of consumption from cafes / restaurants to homes, although it is worth mentioning that in this case such a change is primarily good for Robusta. Interestingly, Fitch believes that the increase in consumer spending on coffee this year will amount to 5.8% y / y with the 5-year average of 1%.
Real is currently the biggest threat to the coffee price rally. The weakening of the real makes exporters willing to sell off coffee - the price in dollars (relatively) does not change, and the transaction is settled in this currency. There are opinions that with the real appreciation against the dollar this year, there is a chance that the price will exceed $ 2 per pound! This forecast, however, seems somewhat cut off from reality. Fundamental factors do not support such a monstrous price rebound. Such a forecast would require a significant reduction in supply in the form of an enormous drought or disease (such cases have happened in previous years) or a huge increase in the value of the real. A price of $ 2 per pound would require USDBRL around the 3.00 level.
One can see a huge divergence in the short term between the coffee and the reversed USDBRL pair. Moreover, the weekly chart shows a clear supply signal in the form of a long wick of the candle from the previous week. It is currently visible that coffee may be under pressure in the short term, but in the longer term there are potential prospects for further strengthening. Source: xStation5
This content has been created by X-Trade Brokers Dom Maklerski S.A. This service is provided by X-Trade Brokers Dom Maklerski S.A. (X-Trade Brokers Brokerage House joint-stock company), with its registered office in Warsaw, at Ogrodowa 58, 00-876 Warsaw, Poland, entered in the register of entrepreneurs of the National Court Register (Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy) conducted by District Court for the Capital City of Warsaw, XII Commercial Division of the National Court Register under KRS number 0000217580, REGON number 015803782 and Tax Identification Number (NIP) 527-24-43-955, with the fully paid up share capital in the amount of PLN 5.869.181,75. X-Trade Brokers Dom Maklerski S.A. conducts brokerage activities on the basis of the license granted by Polish Securities and Exchange Commission on 8th November 2005 No. DDM-M-4021-57-1/2005 and is supervised by Polish Supervision Authority.

domain: finance


text:
During practice for the Italian Grand Prix on Friday, a number of drivers ran with tribute stickers to Justin Wilson on their cars following his death at the age of 37 last week.
Wilson died from a severe head injury sustained in the IndyCar ABC Supply 500 at Pocono Raceway on August 23 when he was struck by debris from another car that had crashed.
His death left the IndyCar and F1 communities in mourning, such was the impact that he had made in both series across the course of his racing career.
In FP1 and FP2 at Monza on Friday, many of the drivers ran with tributes to Wilson on their helmets and cars, as seen below.
The arrangements for Wilson’s funeral in the UK have been announced by his family, with details on the one in the United States to follow.
It’s Carb Day at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. And that means hours of coverage for IndyCar fans, just days away from the 103rd running of the Indianapolis 500.
Coverage on NBCSN will include the Indy Lights Firestone 100 at 1 p.m. ET, a live edition of NASCAR America from Indianapolis Motor Speedway at 3:30 p.m. ET with Krista Voda, Dale Earnhardt Jr., Steve Letarte, A.J. Allmendinger and Marty Snider, and new Indy-centric episodes of Proving Grounds and Off The Grid. Jake Query will call the Indy Lights Firestone 100 alongside analyst Anders Krohn and pit reporter Katie Hargitt.
Click here to watch online or on the NBC Sports app.
All this leads up to Sunday’s race (11 am ET on NBC), but don’t forget about Saturday’s Indy 500 parade coverage, which you can watch on NBC Sports Gold.

domain: news


text:
If you’re looking to make a furry addition to your family, the Cherryland Humane Society in Traverse City has got a fun lovin’ pup that’s looking for her fur-ever home.
9-year-old Mishy (aka Mishkwe) is one of the most affectionate gals who will greet any new friend with a booty wag and kisses. She loves to play with toys, chew on sticks, take naps, and snuggle in close to her people. She is a big couch potato who loves her treats and pets.
Mishkwe has lived in a home previously with other dogs and kids. She has the potential to do well in a home with other dogs and children with ongoing socialization and training.
No kitty cats please!
She loves the outdoors and exploring with her nose, then inside for a cozy nap in a comfy bed. To learn more about Mishkwe or apply to adopt this sweetie, visit .

domain: pet


text:
20% off purchases of $100 promo code: TWENTY
Please note that this is a cover only!
This is an original 1909 color cover for Life magazine, May 6, 1909, that features an illustration of a female duck hunter.
This 104+ year old Item is rated Very Fine +++. Light aging throughout. Light creasing. There is light bleedthrough on this piece from the verso.

domain: hobby


text:
I sit here. An only child. Satan and God are battling for custody. I have two daddies! But they are not together. They have never been together.
I sit staring straight ahead, but my concentration has the strength of a dead dandelion. One suggestive exhale and the seeds of doubt loosen and drift, land and root.
Satan’s outfit is a scientific study of cool. Classification: self-consciously careless. The tight tailored black pants with extra length that gathers around the boot. The oxford shirt with the sleeves rolled up. The slicked-back hair with a few strands falling forward. Some would say he’s always closing a deal; he would say he’s always “gaining agreement.” He walks to my side, gently curls the hair behind my ear and speaks softly into it. The words are fur handcuffs – individuality, dignity, rights – that seem sexy, until you can’t squeeze out of them. He places his hands on my shoulders, his body leaning into my back. The body heat is a current – natural, justifiable, persuasive – that makes me lean back into him.
God’s outfit? Even in the early ’90’s, in Seattle, it wouldn’t have been cool. Shapeless robe stitched of rags. Unshaven. Hair to His waist. Clean, though. And those eyes – the warmth and danger of glowing coals. I have a lot of time to look into those eyes, because they’re always looking at me. He doesn’t talk nearly as much as Satan; when He does it’s clearer, but more confusing. The words are ropes – submission, humility, self-denial – that bind and strengthen. He stands and opens His arms to me. The posture is a cross – humiliating, absolute, restorative – that draws me to Him.
I look for a judge, a jury, a door – there are none. Then I remember. The three of us have always been here. We will always be here. And my choice changes by the moment.

domain: literature


text:
Born in Montreal, Marie-Josée Arpin began her violin studies at the age of seven at the Quebec Conservatory of Music in Hull.
By 1980, she is the student of Raymond Dessaints at the Montreal Music Conservatory where she obtained a first prize for violin in 1986 and a first prize for chamber music in 1987. She continued her studies with Roman Tottenberg at the Longy School of Music in Boston where she earned an Artist Diploma in 1989.
Violinist active both on the Montreal scene Quebec, Solange Bouchard is a member of Appasionnata, the Orchestre Symphonique de Longueuil, the McGill Chamber Orchestra, the Grands Ballets Canadiens Orchestra and Ensemble Amati.
Born in St. Petersburg, Russia, Natalia Kononova is a remarkable violinist, who has won many competitions throughout her career. Solo Violin for the Drummondville Symphony Orchestra, member of the Orchestre Symphonique de Trois-Rivières, soloist and chamber musician who performs worldwide, she plays in the Appassionata Orchestra since six years.
A native of Saguenay, Valérie Belzile studied violin with Andrée Azar, Jean-François Rivest and Yehonatan Berick. In 2007, she completed a doctorate in performance from the University of Montreal under the direction of Vladimir Landsman. As part of her doctoral studies, she did an Amsterdam refresher training with Alexander Kerr, then concertmaster at the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. Valerie was two-time recipient of a scholarship for the Aspen Music Festival and School in Colorado, where she studied with the renowned Paul Kantor during the summers 2001 and 2002.
A native of Alberta, Alex Lozowski exercised the violin since the age of five. A passion born very early and that will not leave, pushing perform a musical studies under the tutelage Lorand Fenyves in Banff and the University of Toronto. There receives his Bachelor of Music. He works his development for Norman Nelson sides and James Keene McGill University in Montreal.
Céline Arcand plays the violin since the age of five. She holds a Degree in Performance from McGill University, she pursued studies at the Utrecht Conservatory in the Netherlands, where she graduated Soloist. Back home, she completed a six-month internship at the Banff Centre for the Arts, as resident artist. Céline Arcand has participated in numerous chamber music recitals, both in Europe and Canada. She now works as a freelancer in various Montreal ensembles including the Orchestre des Grands Ballets Canadiens, the Orchestre Métropolitain and the entire Quebec Contemporary Music Society, not to mention the chamber orchestra Appassionata.
She studied violin with Hratchia Sevadjian. Many times finalist in competitions in Quebec and in Canada, she won first place in musical expression Awards in 1984 and 1986. She was also second violin solo and then associated with the first violin in the Youth Orchestra of Quebec. She played for several years with Young Virtuosos of Montreal and the Ottawa String Quartet.
On the Serb, Ana Drobac is an accomplished violinist and renowned professor in Montreal, where she lives since 2003. Enthusiastic globetrotter, her violin brings her annually in countless tours. Ana played in Japan, Brazil, Russia, Armenia, Lithuania with the orchestra of the Schleswig-Holstein Festival led by conductors such as Christoph Eschenbach, Ivan Fisher, Christopher Hogwood, Christoph von Dohnanyi, Jaap van Zweden, Eiji Oue and Yutaka Sado.
A graduate of the University of Montreal in 2002, Emilia Rabaraona plays violin in various ensembles and symphony orchestras in Quebec.
Graduated from the Toho Gakuen School of Music under the tutelage of Toshiya Eto and Tsugio Tokunaga. She also worked with Jonathan Crow. Mana Shiraishi currently plays solo and in chamber music and also teaches violin. Her current projects include the promotion of works for violin and piano by the Polish composer Karol Szymanowski and a project entitled “The Three Faces of Kreisler.” This project explores the richness of the works of the violin virtuoso Fritz Kreisler.
Native de Montréal, Marie-Claude obtient son BAC en interprétation en 1997 à l’Université McGill auprès de Thomas Williams et Richard Roberts. Elle joint son goût du voyage à celui de la musique en s’alliant au quatuor Armadillo String Quartet en tant que premier violon pour plusieurs tournées européennes, nord et sud-américaines. Jusqu’en 2004, elle est membre du KwaZulu Natal Philharmonic Orchestra en Afrique du Sud et dirige l’orchestre Baroque 2000 en tant que soliste et chef d’orchestre. Depuis son retour, Marie-Claude joue au sein de plusieurs ensembles symphoniques dont le Albany Symphony Orchestre de New York, récent gagnant d’un Grammy Award 2014 pour son plus récent enregistrement « Conjurer Vocalise » de John Corigliano sous étiquette Naxos.
She began her musical studies at the age of four, with violin studies piano and voice before starting the viola. She DMA studies at the University of Montreal with Jutta Puchhammer-Sédillot.
After very classical viola studies, but turned to contemporary music, he flew to Italy where he worked five years in various orchestras.
The musical career of Elvira Misbakhova is rich in a world of experiences. Her roots are in the Republic of Tatarstan, where she began her training at the age of seven. In 1994 she entered the State Conservatory in the capital, Kazan. She became an accomplished soloist playing for Kazan State Symphony Orchestra and the Chamber Orchestra La Primavera.
Jocelyne Bastien was a member of the viola section of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra from 1987 until 2004. During these years, she got the chance to tour around the world and did over 50 recordings. Her experience with the orchestra has permitted her to play most of the great orchestral repertoire. In 2004, she decided to leave the orchestra and devote herself to teaching. Jocelyne Bastien is also a master practionner of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. This field has given her tools to help students and professionals to express their goals in a more effective way, thus enhancing better motivation and successful performances. Jocelyne Bastien teaches viola, chamber music and initiation to NLP at the Conservatoire de musique de Montréal. She performs regularly in different chamber music groups. During summers, she also teaches at the Camp Musical des Laurentides and at l’Académie Internationale du Domaine Forget.
Award recipient with honors from the Conservatory of Montreal, Pierre-Alain pursuing a Master studies in the United States at the University of Rochester in the class of Pamela Frame, at the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, where he earned an Artist Diploma.
After playing the electric bass in ensembles exploring various musical styles, Capolla Richard began studying contrabass at 18.

domain: artistic


text:
1cupChicken Stockuse veg stock to make these vegetarian
Preheat the oven to 420 Degrees F. Peel the potatoes and cut them into 1 inch thick round slices. Keep the potatoes soaked in water until ready to use to avoid their blackening due to oxidation.
Once ready to bake, discard the water. Wipe the potatoes well with a kitchen towel to remove all the excess water. Mix the potatoes with melted butter, salt, pepper, chili flakes, and oregano in a bowl.
Arrange the potatoes on a baking tray in a single layer and bake for 20-25 minutes. I used a 9″x13″ metal baking tray. Avoid using a glass tray as it might shatter due to high baking temperature.
Using a spatula, flip the potatoes rounds and bake for another 10 minutes.
Flip the potatoes once again and pour chicken broth over them. You can use vegetable broth to make this recipe vegetarian. Sprinkle chopped garlic all over the tray.
Bake for another 15 minutes. Remove the tray from the oven and serve the potatoes hot. Drizzle the leftover liquid over them while serving.
I have used only 1 teaspoon of garlic to make this dish, but if you like garlicky flavor in your potatoes, then you can add more as per your taste and preference. If you are a vegetarian, you can substitute the chicken stock with the vegetable stock. The taste might differ a little, but I am sure it will taste equally good. When you are making this recipe, just avoid the glass baking trays as they can burst because of the high temperature. You can use the metal one instead.Make sure you cut the potato slices in the same thickness, to ensure even cooking. Keep the sliced potatoes soaked in water until ready to use. Wipe them very well with a kitchen towel before mixing them with butter.I feel Yukon Gold Potatoes gives the best results when making this recipe. However, feel free to use any potatoes that are easily available to you.You can experiment with the seasonings as per your choice. Feel free to use fresh herbs such as Thyme, Rosemary, etc.Serve them warm, as they taste great only that way.

domain: food


text:
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text:
We serve authentic Canadian, English and German style breakfasts. While choices vary, be sure to expect a rich selection of scrumptious yet wholesome options. We will accommodate specific dietary needs upon request.
Your host has a passion for cooking and baking, especially made-from-scratch breads and buns. We've just added some exciting new options to our hot entrée menu!
As a young family, we keep our meals as nutritious, additive-free and fresh as possible, and apply the same standards to the guest menu. We include locally sourced produce and organic ingredients wherever we can.
A snack upon arrival, and the next morning for the road, such as muffins and fruit, is usually available, too.


text:
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The Ulla choli is cut from pure raw silk, with a delicate floral print on a canvas of stunning apple green. Pearls, sequins and Swarovski crystals are hand encrusted all over the bodice.
The drapey coordinating green hued tulle lehnga has the most elegant movement, with the swirly hem adding an extra touch of glamour.

The pre-draped, organza dupatta with floral embroidery and printed piping completes your ensemble.
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text:
Setons are placed in fistula channels that are commonly seen in patients with Crohn’s disease. These ‘fistula tracts’ must be kept open to prevent the formation of peri-anal abscesses which hinder healing. The Setons used today are generally suture threads or rubber wires whose ends knotted together to form a loop or ring like structure. The presence of a knot causes complications, pain and discomfort to the patient.
MediShield has developed a “Super Seton” system that allows easy placement of a Seton ring without a knot. The project has been initiated in collaboration with Prof. Dr. Bemelman who is a leading expert in the field of colorectal and minimally invasive surgery. Follow the latest developments of the SuperSeton at SuperSeton.

domain: medical


Source: Boston 9/11 Truth
August 27, 2008
Boston911Truth.org proudly and respectfully presents the Boston Premiere of the new Italian film “ZERO - INCHIESTA SULL'11 SETTEMBRE” [“ZERO – AN INVESTIGATION INTO 9-11”].
“ZERO” will be exclusively screened at the Regent Theatre, 7 Medford St., Arlington Center on Thursday September 11, 2008 at 7:00pm.
Tickets are $10 at the door, $9 in advance. Free Parking.
“ZERO”, featuring intellectual heavyweights Gore Vidal and Nobel Prize winner Dario Fo, includes shocking new evidence exposing the truth of the 9-11-01 crimes!
“ZERO” was a sensation at the 2007 Rome Film Festival last Fall.
“ZERO” has one central thesis - that the official version of events surrounding the attacks on 9/11 can not be true. This new documentary explores the latest scientific evidence and reveals dramatic new witness testimony, directly conflicting with the US Government's account.
"What results is a sequence of contradictions, gaps and omissions of stunning gravity". (Italian daily newspaper Il Corriere de la Sera)
“The importance of this film can not be overstated, if its thesis is correct, the justification for declaring the war on terror is built on a series of outrageous lies.” -La Repubblica
“The bomb at the Festa del Cinema di Roma is called Zero. An incendiary documentary. The rhythm is breathtaking. The filmmakers entertain and inform with the same dramatic force”. -Il Messaggerro
You can read more about “ZERO” and view trailers at these links: “ZERO - INCHIESTA SULL'11 SETTEMBRE”.
Comment by Boris Epstein:
To learn more about "Zero" please also see the following:


text: Good news X-Files fans! It has been confirmed that Mulder and Scully are returning to television for another season! The show was revived last year for a 6-episode 10th season, and today it was announced that The X-Files will return for an 11th season with 10 new episodes! The 2016 revival was a bit of a mixed bag, some of the episodes were good while others bordered on awful. I hope Chris Carter, David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson can bring the goods for Season 11! The show will begin production this summer with a release in late 2017/early 2018. Are you happy The X-Files is coming back again?

domain: entertainment


text:
A quick glance at prominent press releases and opinion pieces, not to mention some new ad campaigns, demonstrates big tech’s push to reshape the privacy discussion in the United States. This shift away from self-regulation and in favor of federal data privacy legislation has rapidly evolved over the last year. However, a lot of this shift continues to occur due to the increase of privacy discussions on the Hill following unauthorized data access and breaches. These hearings have largely remained under the radar, but highlight the growing public interest and concerns over the way data is secured, accessed, and shared. In fact, the broad cross-section of committees discussing privacy demonstrates how data privacy and security permeate all facets of modern life.
Below are a few recent hearings and testimonies that cover everything from the recent Marriott and Equifax data breaches to the business impact of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the upcoming California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that goes into effect next year. While the committees reflect a diverse range of interests, they all have in common the growing nexus of security and privacy and debate the need for, and core components of, a U.S. federal data privacy regulation.
Hearing: Policy Principles for a Federal Data Privacy Framework in the United States
Committee: Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Date: February 27, 2019
Representatives from major trade associations, such as the Retail Leaders Association and the Interactive Advertising Bureau, along with Northeastern Professor of Law and Computer Science Dr. Woodrow Hartzog, discussed the range of security and privacy risks consumers encounter. As U.S. Sen Roger Wicker (R-Miss) noted, “It is the committee’s responsibility and obligation to develop a federal policy standard to protect consumers without stifling innovation, investment, or competition.” This is an essential balance, and too often federal data privacy legislation is portrayed as an innovation killer instead of enhancer. While the witnesses eventually acquiesced that the CCPA should provide a baseline, not a ceiling, for a federal law, many other comments more closely resemble a preemption strategy. Preemption has become a major talking point as those opposed to privacy regulations seek to water down and lower existing or proposed state laws. During this hearing, it was noted that over 90 privacy laws are under consideration across state capitols, which has helped elevate and prioritize the discussion at the federal level.
Hearing: MISSION Critical: Assessing the Technology to Support Community Care
Committee: House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs
Date: April 2, 2019
As part of an oversight hearing, technology executives from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) discussed progress toward fulfilling the intent of the MISSION (Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks) Act in helping improve veterans access to quality healthcare. The MISSION Act is one of many modernization efforts at the VA and incorporates a broad range of training and education components. Technology modernization is often integral for success in these initiatives. Throughout the hearing, both representatives and witnesses debated the digital transformation required to further augment veterans’ services. As part of enhanced coordination capabilities for referral and authorization care, Virtru was mentioned as a secure method for exchanging health information. Like many organizations, VA mission success requires both secure data as well as data portability and collaboration; Virtru was listed as a core technology for helping both protect and share data. While the MISSION Act, not privacy, was the core topic, this is a useful example to highlight how privacy and security are mission-critical toward achieving innovations and customer support.
Hearing: Protecting Consumer Privacy in the Era of Big Data
Committee: House Committee on Energy & Commerce; Consumer Protection and Commerce Subcommittee
Date: February 26, 2019
Big data is one of those buzzwords that was originally shrouded in optimism until use case after use case demonstrated the necessity for privacy and security when considering big data solutions. Chairman Frank Pallone, Jr (D-NJ) summarized the overarching theme of the hearing in noting, “It is time that we move past the old model that protects the companies using the data, not the people.” In discussing these new models and approaches, the witnesses described how privacy-preserving technologies can promote competition and innovation, and argued against the false trade-off between convenience and privacy. Of course, concerns over potential negative effects of regulation were referenced, but most acknowledged the current tipping point where consumers are demanding greater protections. Many of the witnesses also highlighted how countries across the globe are moving ahead in their privacy and security regulations, and that the U.S. should take lessons learned from some existing legislation but also provide that necessary leadership in global privacy and security.
Hearing: Examining Private Sector Data Breaches
Committee: Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Date: March 7, 2019
The Equifax breach and Marriott breaches, and their roughly 143 and 383 million compromised records respectively, took center stage in an oversight hearing on security practices. In addition to the interrogation of the corporation executives, several witnesses provided insights into courses of action to prevent such breaches. These included the evolving role of the FTC to address consumer concerns over privacy as well as what people, processes, and technologies should comprise ‘cyber defense’. With security and privacy overlapping throughout the hearing, these breaches and the solutions put forth demonstrate the overlapping nexus of security and privacy, a trend that is only likely to continue given the range of unauthorized data access breaches and compromises.
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domain: law


text:
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Published by World Distributors (Manchester) Limited in the Autumn of 1976, the It's A Knockout Annual 1977 is one of the few books published about the series. World Distributors were a big name in the publishing of annuals, particularly of those linked to television series. No self-respecting cult TV collector will find their shelves entirely free of World Distributors' fare. Among countless others, they issued annuals for Doctor Who, Dad's Army, The Goodies, Catweazle, The Saint, Tom and Jerry and even James Bond.
In many ways, It's A Knockout was a strange choice for an annual, as these publications normally contained stories, both in prose and comic strip forms. Not something that It's A Knockout naturally lends itself to. This meant that the content was largely factual, although World Distributors did manage to squeeze in one comic strip story!
Normally, annuals are not really that useful to the collector or fan. They have stories that are written by hack writers who often are completely unfamiliar with the series the annual is about. The illustrations are usually laughable. And this is where the It's A Knockout Annual 1977 differs from the vast majority of World Distributors' output in that it actually tells you one hell of a lot about the series it is based upon. In fact, it's invaluable. It introduces the reader to the important people behind IAK, including Barney Colehan, Stuart Hall, Eddie Waring, Arthur Ellis and Cecil Korer. It focuses on individual competitors, goes briefly behind the scenes and has a feature on the scoregirls in the series. It's packed with anecdotes, useful information and photographs (albeit not always very well reproduced, it has to be said) and is a treasured part of an IAK fan's collection - even if it does fall occasionally into the traditional World Distributors traps by featuring articles that are linked to the series by the slenderest of threads. For instance, there is an article which tests the family's abilities to get out of desperate situations - being caught in a landslide, being in a lorry that stalls on a railway crossing, being stuck in a car that has careered into an icy river. Fortunately, this content is kept to a minimum, though of course there is the familiar annual fare - crosswords, games and the like. But all this is easy to overlook, as the major part of the content is fascinating.


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The 31-square-mile municipality in southern Monmouth County lies just west of several of the Jersey Shore’s toniest beach towns, like Spring Lake, Sea Girt and Manasquan. Despite this proximity, several sections of Wall have maintained much of the rural atmosphere of an area that was once largely farmland. In addition to the ocean, just a mile or two away from the eastern parts of Wall, there are rivers, woodlands and a state park that provide fishing, boating, biking and camping.
Wall Township Homes
Wall is a town of many neighborhoods. Within the neighborhoods, there is a broad range of housing, including multimillion-dollar mansions that line the Manasquan River, farm properties on large tracts, bungalows and Cape Cods. Most common in Wall are sizable homes, each on a half-acre to an acre and built in the last 20 to 30 years as farmers sold their land to developers. Local farms offer horseback riding and pick-your-own produce. There are several parks and golf courses, as well as public beaches in the adjacent towns.
The 59-mile drive from Wall to New York City via the Garden State Parkway and the New Jersey Turnpike takes just over an hour, traffic permitting. New Jersey Transit trains to New York Penn Station from Spring Lake, Manasquan and Belmar. Academy Bus has service from a park and ride at mile marker 100 on the Garden State Parkway to the Port Authority Bus Terminal or Wall Street.
Wall Township Schools
Four public elementary schools serve students in kindergarten to Grade 5: Allenwood, Central, Old Mill and West Belmar. A full-day kindergarten is offered throughout the district. Wall Primary School serves preschool students, including those with special needs. The intermediate school has approximately 900 students, while Wall High School has approximately 1,200 students. The Communications High School is one of five countywide vocational schools. There are also several private schools in nearby towns.
If you have any real estate questions or would like to find out more about this community, please contact us.
Experience The Spirit And Grace Of This Horse Farm While Enjoying The Coastal Elegant Lifestyle.this Nearly 8000 Sq Ft Home Boasts 6 Bd 5.5 Ba In Main Home,pool,pool House,& An Awe Inspiring Custom Built/equestrian Designed Riding Facility.house Is Well App...
This Custom Estate Set On Over 5 Acres Was Built To Pure Perfection! The Exceptional Attention To Detail And Quality Of Construction Is Evident Throughout The Main Home & Attached 3 Bdrm, In-law Suite. The Main Home Features Large Chef's Delight Kitchen, Br...
This Is The ''sweet Spot'' Along The Manasquan River: Perched Up High At The Widest Section Of The River, Away From The Rt. 70 Bridge, Offering Gorgeous Views, With Nice Deep Water Out Front. 100' Vinyl-wrapped Dock Is Ready For Your Boat! Just Minutes To T...
The data relating to real estate on this web site comes in part from the Internet Data Exchange program of the MLS of the Monmouth County Association of REALTORS®, and is updated as of October 19th, 2017 at 2:50am EDT (date/time). IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers' personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.

domain: geography


text:
- PH PH-PAN MDCL TH-3-000057
The researcher focused this study on the implemented youth programs of Brgy. San Jose, San Jacinto, Pangasinan in tems of livelihood, sports, and culture. Only the members of the SK and the youth of their barangay were include in this study.
Rhea Jessica D. Sibit

domain: library


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The main topic of yesterday’s meeting of leaders of the Association in the field of tourism with the Minister of Economy and the Head of the Tourism Administration Medea Janiashvili was the vaccination of people employed in the field.
Vaccination in tourism industry to start in 2 days
By Natalia Kochiashvili
Thursday, May 6
As Shota Burjanadze, the head of the Association of Restaurants said after the meeting, the vaccination of those employed in the industry will start in 3 days, and those who want to be vaccinated via Astrazeneca, Sinopharm or Sinovac, will be able to register on a special portal from May 6. Vaccination will be voluntary.
"There are only a few countries in the world that apply this practice and Georgia is the first in the region to say that our tourism industry will be the safest," said the minister.
According to her, it's very important that the government offers vaccinated hotels and restaurants, and participates in international marketing. y.
In addition, Burjanadze came up with an initiative to encourage vaccinated users.
"Those who are vaccinated will receive certain benefits from both the state and private companies. My initiative was to offer some discounts to the vaccinated customers,” she clarified, adding that the issue of lifting restrictions on the sector is no less important.
"If the curfew and weekend restrictions are not lifted, vaccination will not make sense. The state gives us a positive answer to these questions and tells us that they are working on these issues, but the result always says more than any statement,” said the head of the restaurant association.
The issue of opening the land borders was also discussed at the meeting. According to the Minister of Economy, Georgia is working to open the land borders by the same principle as the air borders.
“For example: it will be easier for vaccinated visitors to enter Georgia, as well as for those who have taken the test, etc,” Turnava explained.
Acting head of the National Tourism Administration Medea Janiashvili says that the general goal is to restore the tourism sector as effectively as possible, vaccination and prioritization of the tourism sector is a prerequisite for this.
“Let's encourage the facilities that are undergoing the voluntary vaccination process to advertise their facilities as safe,” Janiashvili said. The list of companies that have vaccinated employees will be posted on the tourist web platform.

domain: politics


text:
Sculptural Art is Found Everywhere - Stop & Look
Marvel at their Beauty and Message...
Give them time, and they will give you time...
Make them part of your life...Enjoy & Repeat!
See it and Feel it
Sculpture and 3D Object Art
Sculpture Public Sculpture-Art located Globally
by Country, and/or State
by Sculptor-Artist Name
The Sculpture Discovery Association at SculptSite.com is all about the ability to Discover through a wide variety of intuitive Search techniques, to View, to Enjoy, and to Experience Sculpture and 3D Object Art. SculptSite.com continually strives to bring you closer to Sculptor-Artists and their creative energies that help to fuel the wide variety of Sculpture that populate our cities, homes, companies and museums throughout the world.. - Enjoy!
Stop by often, as new Sculpture and Sculptor-Artists are added daily. We are continually finding ways to bring to you the beauty and message of Sculpture. Create your own wish list, this will enable you to easily save the sculptures you are interested in. At SculptSite.com, your comments and suggestions are always welcome.Founder/Director, Bill West (with his Moai double!)


Monmouth Heights at Marlboro, New Jersey facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Monmouth Heights at Marlboro, New Jersey
Looking east along Ogden Avenue from Route 79
|Elevation||125 ft (38 m)|
|GNIS feature ID||883509|
Monmouth Heights at Marlboro is an unincorporated community located within Marlboro Township in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The housing development was created in the 1960s by Levitt & Sons though some protests occurred by long-time residents of Marlboro Township at the time of its creation. The community is located along New Jersey Route 79 across the highway from Marlboro High School.
Monmouth Heights at Marlboro, New Jersey Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.


Here’s a update from Councillor Shad Qadri after recent resident inquiries about why trees are being cut down on land east of Lloydalex/Echowoods and north of Jackson Trails and the new Potter’s Key subdivision. (The land doesn’t have a municipal address, and is not subject to any active development applications.) Qadri says the owners of the property are not in violation of the Urban Tree Conservation By-law as long as trees being removed do not have a diameter of 10cm or more.
I have recently been contacted by residents in the area regarding some activity they have noticed on the lands within the Ward 21 Urban Expansion Area that is located north of Jackson Trails and Potter’s Key. I am still waiting for additional information with respect to any plans for the property in the future but did want to share the following information with residents.
The property is located in Councillor Scott Moffatt’s ward and both Councillor Moffatt and I are not aware of any development applications that have been submitted for this property. I can advise that this land is identified in the City’s Official Plan as within the urban boundary and is designated “Developing Community Expansion Area”. Therefore, it can be expected that at some time the area of land could be developed.
With respect to the recent tree/brush clearing on the property I can advise that it is private property and the owners do have the rights to undertake work on their property but do have to adhere to the Urban Tree Conservation By-law which does require a permit for any removal of a tree that is 10cm or greater in diameter.
While a significant area of vegetation has been removed, Mark Richardson, Planning Forester with the City has informed me that he hasn’t observed a violation of the Bylaw. The trees were originally removed from the site several years ago before it came into the Urban Boundary and at that time, a tree removal permit was not required because the land was classified as rural. Now that it is within the Urban Boundary, the removal of any tree that is 10cm in diameter or larger at 1.2 meters from the ground would require a tree permit. While on-site, Forestry staff did speak with the contractor and ensured they were aware of the requirements of the Tree Cutting By-Law.
The City has been in touch with the land owner and was informed that they were removing the brush. Mr. Richardson has been on site several times and continues to monitor the activity but so far he has not verified the removal or [sic] any living trees larger than 10cm.
In December 2016 there were some inquiries to my office regarding some clearing that took place and I provided information in my eNewsletter that provides additional information that you can view here.
Given the increase in activity on this site recently I will be working to receive more information from the landowner on their intentions for the property and if I receive any further information I will provide it in my eNewsletter.
In the interim, residents with concerns may contact Mark Richardson at email@example.com, Councillor Scott Moffatt at firstname.lastname@example.org, or myself at email@example.com with any questions.
SUPPORT LOCAL STITTSVILLE


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My favorite subject probably was math. I love math. Figures just intrigue me. I was really good at math. English probably was my worst subject. But I used to write a lot of poetry. I used to write poetry all the time.
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I started ballet in my early 20s. I studied for about ten years. Ballet is probably the one of the hardest things I've done, almost like MMA. People don't give it a lot of credit and think it's easy, but it's very difficult. For an athlete, you use muscles you really don't use, and ballet is something I really respect.


Damage from protesters aside, G20 security operations deemed success
Jennifer BrownNews Public Sector
Despite the shocking scenes that emerged from the G20-related protests in Toronto over the weekend, many in the industry are pleased with the way public police and private security communicated and worked together amid the chaos.
Given that the G20 security operation was the largest in Canadian
history, and located in the urban core of country’s largest city, experts in the industry and those who witnessed the event first hand say the weekend
was handled well.
“Canada doesn’t have a long history of policing this kind of event. The
threat profile of a G20 is always much higher than the Olympics,” says
David Hyde, former director of security services at Cadillac Fairview,
now a consultant to the industry. “Toronto was told in fairly short
order that the G20 was happening and in the worst possible location. It
was probably the highest risk location.”
Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced Dec. 7, 2009 that the G20
Summit would be held in Toronto June 26-27 following the G8 in
Huntsville June 25. That left a little more than six months to prepare,
but those who found themselves responsible for protecting facilities
over the weekend say good planning and communication paid off and
allowed them to be prepared for the worst.
Large properties such as Commerce Court, First Canadian Place and College Park are tallying up the damages which are estimated to be in the high six-figures and projections are putting a final tab in the millions.
The damage sustained was “in line with what we expected,” says Jason Caissie, who works in protection services for a major bank.
“We had two windows broken but I think we fared better than most. I
think police did a good job of being where they needed to be and we did
a lot of planning ahead of time through both TAPPS (Toronto Association of Police and Private Security) and the Canadian
Bankers Association,” says Caissie who is also Ontario Assistant Regional Vice-President, for ASIS based in Toronto. He says email communication from
TAPPS was very strong, providing almost “turn-by-turn” notification of
protests on Friday and subsequently in a similar manner on Saturday
Collective sharing of information and best practices achieved
situational awareness during the G8/G20, the earthquake and other
incidents that occurred during the week through public/private
partnerships like TAPPS, says David Neely, Security Services and Emergency Management
at the Ontario Ministry of Finance.
“A great deal of thanks needs to go out to the many individuals who
make these partnerships work —TAPPS, the Toronto Police, OPP, RCMP,
Hamilton and Durham Police Services were extremely helpful to our
coordination efforts,” Neely said.
The guard companies had hundreds of feet on the street over the weekend, assisting clients with additional coverage.
G4S Secure Solutions Canada had 500 guards at 110 client locations in
the downtown core including Queen Street West where a Toronto Police
Service cruiser was set on fire by protesters. G4S Canada president
Jean Taillon said five sites sustained minimal damage.
“We covered several retail stores on the Queen Street strip and had
guards protect the store located in front of the second police car fire
on Queen with no damages to the store,” says Taillon.
The G4S team was also responsible for security of three large banks in
the core, Union Station, and hospital row as well as several retail
stores in the Toronto Eaton Centre as well as the Eaton Centre building
Lockdowns occurred at Union Station, the Eaton Centre and the Hospital for Sick Children on Saturday.
And it was Cadillac Fairview Eaton Centre in-house security staff who
were credited with spotting the four individuals coming out of the
sewer grates Saturday night.
ASG Security of Markham, Ont., provided about 3,000 hours of coverage for clients such as PCL at sites like the Ronald McDonald House.
“We had one guard who had something thrown at him but for the most part our guys were safe,” says ASG president Paul Carson who had high praise for the actions of police. ” At one point the police riot squad pushed the crowd out away from one of our buildings onto the street. They simply could not have estimated that things would escalate as they did. Sunday’s response is probably would should have happened on Saturday.”
Securitas had 150 guards deployed to sites in the downtown core during
G20. Securitas Canada president Dwayne Gulsby was busy visiting client
sites Saturday including some of the banks and checking on guards
working in the core after the Black Bloc actions left some business
owners with broken windows and other damages.
“Some of our mobile units were providing intelligence back to customers
as incidents were occurring,” says Gulsby who felt police did an
admirable job in light of the actions of protesters and the number of
ordinary citizens who gathered downtown just to watch the events.
”¨Gulsby noted that for residents living in the core, it was often clearly difficult to comprehend.
“I was near a Starbucks at one point where the windows had been smashed
out and the resident living above the store was leaning out of his
window yelling at the protesters to get out of his city. And as we
drove out of the city we went past one of the burning police cars — it
was disgusting,” he says.
For its part, the Commissionaires had more than 1,000 staff involved in
the event, primarily working with RCMP inside the fenced perimeter.
Tom Prins, vice-president of client services for says for the most
part, it was “a great experience.”
“Most of our employees were behind the fence line. We worked with the
RCMP in the Summit Management Office and we found that we had to be
flexible as different situations arose. Sometimes we had problems
getting people out to their positions but if we knew trouble was coming
often they came in early.”
Leading up to the event, Prins said Commissionaires guards were given
“pretty extensive training” and senior site supervisors were selected
to manage the event. Training was also a big factor for guards hired to provide protection for several media outlets during the protests.
“I trained 100 guards for live eye vehicles used for close protection of broadcast personnel,” says Steve Summerville of StaySafeIP based in Ajax, Ont.
“I also saw several guards use communication skills to help avoid potentially volatile situations in a number of actions at Queen and Spadina at at Queen’s Park. I saw security guards demonstrating really effective decision making on their feet,” says Summerville.
Many organizations, such as Paragon Security, said they learned a lot from the experience and believe they can leverage the information for future operations.
Paragon had guards working 25,000 hours of extra security coverage for the G20 Summit.
“We saw minimal damage to our client buildings with no employee
injuries. Police were very helpful and responsive to our calls of
suspicious activity and persons. The experience brought our team closer
together, and we now feel more prepared for any future event that may
occur in Southern Ontario,” says Christina Duffey, manager of client
services for Paragon.
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