Bd. of Cty. Com'rs, Etc. v. City and Cty. of DenverAnnotate this Case
566 P.2d 335 (1977)
The BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF the COUNTY OF JEFFERSON, State of Colorado, a body politic and corporate, The Jefferson County School District No. 1, a Quasi-Municipal Corporation, Darrell M. Pickney, and John A. Topolnicki, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. The CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, State of Colorado, a Municipal Corporation, the City Council of the City and County of Denver, State of Colorado, the Board of County Commissioners of the City and County of Denver, State of Colorado, and Julian L. Cook, Defendants-Appellants.
Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.
June 13, 1977.
Rehearing Denied July 25, 1977.
*336 Patrick R. Mahan, City Atty., Richard J. Scheurer, Asst. City Atty., Golden, Robert H. Sonheim, Arvada, George J. Robinson, Lakewood, for plaintiffs-appellants.
Max P. Zall, City Atty., Herman J. Atencio, Asst. City Atty., David J. Hahn, Denver, for defendants-appellants.
On October 23, 1973, the Denver City Council by ordinance annexed to Denver certain unincorporated territory lying in *337 Jefferson County. The plaintiffs, collectively here referred to as Jefferson County, brought this action to set aside the annexation. The trial court found for Jefferson County, holding the ordinance void. We reverse.
This annexation was initiated by a petition signed by Julian L. Cook and the mayor of Denver. Cook was the owner of an undivided interest in all the property to be annexed except a fifty-foot strip of land owned by Denver. One month after the petition was filed, it was amended to correct the description of the fifty-foot strip owned by Denver. The Denver City Council approved the annexation without holding a public hearing or an annexation election.I. ALLEGED PETITION DEFICIENCIES.
Where the annexation petition has been signed "by the owners of one hundred per cent of the area proposed to be annexed, exclusive of streets and alleys . . ." and no "additional terms and conditions are to be imposed . . .," the statute dispenses with the otherwise required notice, hearing and election and allows the expedited annexation ordinance procedure employed here. Jefferson County argues that this annexation did not qualify for the expedited procedure because Julian L. Cook, who signed the petition, was merely a tenant-in-common holding an undivided interest in the land annexed. It is contended, therefore, that since the petition was not signed by the other tenants-in-common, one hundred percent of the "landowners," as defined in the statute, did not sign the petition. In our view, however, the General Assembly has predetermined this issue in its definition of the term "landowner" for purposes of annexation:
"'Landowner' means the owner in fee of any undivided interest in a given parcel of land . . . . For the purpose of determining the compliance with the petition requirements . . . a signature by any landowner as defined in this subsection (8) shall be sufficient so long as any other owner in fee of an undivided interest in the same area of land does not object in writing to the city council of the annexing municipality within fourteen days after the filing of the annexation petition."
The general assembly's power over annexation is limited only by express constitutional provisions and the quoted legislative definition of "landowner" controls our determination of the issue. See Fort Collins-Loveland Water District v. City of Fort Collins, 174 Colo. 79, 482 P.2d 986 (1971). Because one hundred percent of the landowners signed the petition the requirements of the statute were met. 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6(1)(h). Likewise, the requirement of court approval was obviated. 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, XXX-XX-XX(1).
It is further asserted that the annexation map failed to delineate individual ownership boundaries within the area to be annexed and that the map and the school board resolution did not accompany the petition.
The annexation map, however, clearly shows the fifty-foot strip owned by Denver as described in the amended petition. A second map of the area, also made a part of the record in this case, shows the fifty-foot *338 strip both as described in the original petition and as described in the amended petition. All the rest of the property was owned by Cook and his cotenants. The annexation map erroneously indicates that the fifty-foot strip was owned by the Denver Water Board rather than by the City and County of Denver, but we consider this error insubstantial, since the signature pages attached to the petition clearly show that the strip belonged to the City and County of Denver.
The map and school board resolution did accompany the petition. As we recently decided in another case, there is substantial compliance with the requirement of 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6(1)(e)(i) that copies of the annexation map accompany the petition where the map is available to the city council whether or not it is physically attached to the petition. Likewise, the school board's resolution authorizing the addition of the subject territory to its district must be before the city council. 1967 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-4(5). Here, both the map and school board resolution were on file with the Denver Clerk and Recorder. In its resolution, the city council recited that the petition was accompanied by a map and school board resolution. Since these documents were available for the city council's inspection and consideration prior to passage of the annexation ordinance, we hold that there was substantial compliance with the requirements that the documents accompany the petition.
Jefferson County also argues that the amended signature pages, attached to the amended petition, were improper. Clearly the amendment itself was not improper. The amended description made no changes in the external boundaries of the property to be annexed. The amended description and a map illustrating the correction of the internal boundary lines separating Denver's fifty-foot strip from the Cook property, all within the area to be annexed, were available to the city council when the annexation ordinance was considered and approved. This Court has previously upheld an annexation where the property description had been amended. Adams v. Colorado Springs, 178 Colo. 241, 496 P.2d 1005 (1972).
It is true that Exhibit A, consisting of the signature pages, contained a typographical error which caused Range 69 West to read Range 60 West. The property description was retyped correctly, however, on each signature page. The ordinance, city council resolution, school board resolution and annexation map each referred to Range 69 West. This obvious typographical error, considered in context, is insubstantial.
The signature pages themselves failed to set out the date of each signature, as required by statute. 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6(1)(d)(ix). Jefferson County has not alleged that any prejudice resulted from this technical oversight. The dates on the verifications accompanying the signatures show that signing took place prior to filing the documents. There is no claim that any of the signatures are stale. 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6(1)(f). Indeed it is obvious that they are not stale, for both of the property owners who signed the petition are parties to this action advocating that this property be annexed.
Next, the County claims that, since the act contains no provision for annexation of peripheral public ways, sections of Kipling and Belleview avenues were improperly annexed. Kipling and Belleview Avenues adjoin a portion of the perimeter of the area to be annexed which is non-contiguous with Denver. The adjacent sections of *339 these public ways were annexed to their respective midlines.
This Court has previously upheld the annexation of peripheral tax-exempt lands. Board of County Comm'rs v. City and County of Denver, 170 Colo. 56, 459 P.2d 292 (1969). Facing the precise issue now being considered here, the Colorado Court of Appeals upheld annexation of a non-contiguous peripheral public way to its midline. Board of County Comm'rs v. City and County of Denver, Colo.App., 548 P.2d 922 (1976). The legislature has not restricted or prohibited annexation of a public way to the midline. We decline to create by judicial interpretation such a limitation on the power of annexation. See Board of County Comm'rs v. City and County of Denver, 170 Colo. 56, 459 P.2d 292 (1969).
The final attack on the application process is the claim that it was deficient because Denver failed to hold an election. It is argued that the annexation imposed additional terms and conditions upon the area annexed and therefore an election was required by 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, XXX-XX-XX(1)(c).
By its terms, however, the ordinance approved the annexation unconditionally. Jefferson County argues that even though the ordinance did not expressly impose additional terms or conditions, such terms and conditions were imposed both by a private agreement signed by Julian Cook and by pre-existing Denver ordinances.
These contentions are not persuasive. In another Board of County Comm'rs v. City and County of Denver case decided recently, we held that private agreements entered into by one whose land is being annexed, if binding at all, are the landowner's personal obligations and not terms and conditions affecting the area to be annexed. Unless the ordinance itself imposes terms and conditions upon the annexed area, the requirement of an election is not triggered.
Pre-existing ordinances do not impose additional terms and conditions on the area to be annexed. They are merely general laws which become applicable to new territory upon annexation. The existence of these laws may be considered by landowners, and, where applicable, by qualified resident electors, as a factor in deciding whether to consent to the annexation. Hence, no election is triggered where one hundred percent of the landowners, by petitioning for annexation, have already consented to be governed by the annexing city's ordinances. Absent such unanimous consent, an election is required whether or not the annexing city's ordinances impose "terms and conditions" on the land to be annexed. 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6.II. ALLEGED ORDINANCE DEFICIENCIES.
Jefferson County asserts that the present annexation does not comply fully with Denver's annexation policies. We have decided recently, in another of the cases brought by Jefferson County, that a city may determine its annexation policy with respect to each annexation. Therefore, for purposes of this annexation, Denver has repealed, by implication, its prior inconsistent annexation policy ordinances.
Neither did Denver abuse its discretion in determining that this petition complied with the Municipal Annexation Act of 1965. While the application process was far from faultless, as we have determined above, it *340 substantially complied with the statutory requirements.
It is true, as claimed, that the transcripts of the City Council meetings during which the annexation ordinance and resolution were approved do not contain any discussion of the annexation. However, other testimony showed that committee and other meetings were held which were not transcribed. This absence of formal recorded discussion, standing alone, does not prove abuse by the city council of its discretion.
Our review of the record reveals an adequate basis for the council's approval of both the ordinance and the resolution.III. ANNEXATION OF UNINCORPORATED LAND.
Finally, Jefferson County argues that Denver cannot annex an area that is not part of an incorporated city or town. This assertion is based on Colo.Const. Art. XX, Sec. 7 which requires that Denver have only one school district and that territory annexed from contiguous "municipalities" be added to the Denver school district. Since there is no express provision for additions to the Denver school district except from contiguous "municipalities," Jefferson County concludes that the Constitution precludes Denver's annexing unincorporated territory.
We have held, however, that Article XX, Section 7 was not intended to limit annexations, but merely to require any school districts or parts of school districts, in annexed territory, to be consolidated into Denver's School District No. 1.
Accordingly, we reverse the trial court and remand the cause with directions to enter a judgment upholding the annexation.
ERICKSON, J., dissents.
GROVES and LEE, JJ., do not participate.NOTES
 Municipal Annexation Act of 1965, 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 139-21-6(1)(h); now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1)(g) at 1081. C.R.S. 1963, as amended, was in effect at the time of this annexation.
 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S. 1963, XXX-XX-XX(8); now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX.
 It should be noted that 1965 Perm.Supp., C.R.S.1963, XXX-XX-XX(8) has not been challenged on the ground that it does not provide for notice to the cotenants. In this regard, see Fort Collins-Loveland Water District v. City of Fort Collins, 174 Colo. 79, 482 P.2d 986 (1971) (dictum to the effect that the legislature may deny right of notice in annexation cases).
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1)(g) at 1081.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1) at 1091.
 Board of County Comm'rs v. City and County of Denver, Colo., 565 P.2d 212 (1977).
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(d) at 1090.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1)(d) at 1079.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1)(c)(viii) at 1080.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1)(e) at 1081.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX(1) at 1084.
 Denver Ordinance 645, Series 1973.
 Supra note 6.
 The City and County of Denver and the school board, who did not require the remaining cotenants to sign the memorandum agreements, have taken no further steps which would bind persons not assenting to the annexation.
 Now Colo.Sess.Laws 1975, ch. 275, XX-XX-XXX at 1080-1083.
 Supra note 6; see also Aurora v. Andrew Land Co., 176 Colo. 246, 490 P.2d 67 (1971).
 Supra note 6.


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Snips and Snails Designs has a stunning kit out, Letters from Tuscany. Such an elegant kit. You can purchase it at One Story Down.
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domain: design


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The Village Playhouse presents: A Raisin in The Sun
The Village Playhouse presents A Raisin In The Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. This show runs Fridays and Saturdays February 5th 20th at 7:30PM with a Sunday matinee on February 21st at
Set on Chicago's South Side, A Raisin In The Sun revolves
around the divergent dreams and conflicts within three
generations of the Younger family: son Walter Lee, his wife
Ruth, his sister Beneatha, his son Travis and matriarch
When her deceased husband's insurance money comes
through, Mama Lena Younger dreams of moving to a new
home and a better neighborhood in Chicago. Walter Lee, a
chauffeur, has other plans, however: buying a liquor store
and being his own man. Beneatha dreams of medical
school. The tensions and prejudice they face form this
seminal American drama. Sacrifice, trust and love among the Younger family and their heroic struggle to retain dignity in a harsh and changing world are a searing and timeless document of
hope and inspiration...
Directed by Rubin Whitmore II, the cast includes Corey Wilson as Walter, Tina Nixon as Ruth, Azeeza Islam as Lena, Ashley Jordan as Beneatha, Josh McConnell as Travis, Adeola Giwa as Joseph Asagai, Quentin Lutrell as George Murchison, Scott Sorenson as Karl Linder and Mario Andre as Bobo.
Tickets are $17 for adults, $15 for students or seniors. They can be reserved in advance by emailing RaisinInTheSun@villageplayhouse.org or calling (414) 207-4VPW. Tickets are also available for purchase through Brown Paper Tickets at VPWRaisinInTheSun.brownpapertickets.com
This is the third mainstage show in the Village Playhouse's 38th season. All performances are at Inspiration Studios, 1500 S 73rd St, West Allis Wi, 53214.
Inspiration Studios (View)
1500 S. 73rd Street
West Allis, WI 53214
|Kid Friendly: Yes!|
|Dog Friendly: No|
|Wheelchair Accessible: Yes!|

domain: artistic


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The Real Reason George Lucas Made Luke and Leia Twins in Return of the Jedi
Leia and Luke becoming twins wasn't always planned, but the revelation of their relationship became one of the most memorable scenes in Star Wars.
Luke and Leia were established as twins in Return of the Jedi, but there's more to the backstory of their connection than meets the eye. Relationships between characters may be a staple of Star Wars, but their connections aren't always planned. Before The Empire Strikes Back planted the seeds of their family bond, A New Hope established the idea of their mutual attraction, which was finally confirmed in episode six. The fact that having Leia and Luke having a relationship wasn't originally planned is well known, but the context of the retcon is murkier. However, 1997's Star Wars: The Annotated Script provides insight into how the twist affected Episode VI.
In the book, George Lucas reveals that while writing the return of the Jedi throne room scene, he struggled to come up with something to irritate Luke so much that he lost control while fighting Darth Vader. The creative struggles ran alongside the notion that Leia was Luke's sister. It made Lucas realize that the prospect of Vader turning his sister into the dark side would make Luke lash out like he did. Thus, the nascent notion that Luke and Leia are siblings provides a major emotional punch to Vader and Skywalker's climactic battle.
Luke's Relationship With Leia Was Important For The Throne Room Scene
Although Leia becomes Luke's emotional driver during Luke's duel, she materializes relatively late in the creative process, serving as the perfect catalyst for her brother's catharsis. Luke traveled to Darth Vader and Palpatine to rescue his father in Return of the Jedi. And, as he says in the throne room scene, he has no intention of fighting the fallen Skywalker. So, as mentioned earlier, the sequence needed something that would convincingly take Luke through the violent transformation he's undergone, which would in turn heighten the emotional gravitas of that moment. This is where Leia is crucial, as Lucas detailed in the script notes: He charges at Vader, and his attacks are no longer precise or well-thought-out. The hero swung his lightsaber in rage, trying to kill the very person he was trying so hard to save. This sequence makes it possible for Luke Skywalker to succumb to the dark side, and ultimately demonstrate his virtue when he resists his violent urges. It's a pivotal moment for a character that might not have been the same without Leia as its indirect catalyst.
"In the end, I had a problem in the fight between Luke and his father of why [Luke] makes the final turn to the bad side of the Force and tries to kill his father. [Director Richard Marquand] was trying to block out the fight between Luke and Vader, and we got down to that point underneath the throne room there, and he said, 'You know, the script sort of says that Vader says something that upsets Luke,' or something vague like that. [...] And we didn't have that actual moment that we needed where you got the sense that Luke is hiding. He's not going to fight him. [...] He'd rather die first, and then, something turns him around and makes him fight. [...] And in the process of evolving the script and evolving the importance of Leia as the sister, it was sitting right there in front of my face, and it became obvious that turning her to the dark side would be the thing that would set Luke off again."
Despite its importance in the Star Wars mythology, Luke and Leia's relationship is often seen as contradictory to A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back due to the film's suggestion that Luke is attracted to Leia, in which The biggest one is their infamous kiss in episode five. However, while their family connection did develop gradually over the course of the original Star Wars trilogy, the twist still fits with the lore established in the first two films. First, the heroes don't know they're connected as evidenced by their lack of mastery of the Force when they realize they're twins when they meet.
Luke & Leia Being Twins Fit With Star Wars Lore
Second, their family relationship is heavily hinted at (possibly unintentionally) in the third act of episode five. After fighting Vader, Luke hangs from below Cloud City and calls out to Leia through the Force, who senses and quickly finds him. While this scene may not have been meant to hint at their bromance, it ended up being a very fortunate case of retroactive continuity. So while it wasn't planned that Luke and Leia were twins, and while some things seemed to contradict what was revealed in Return of the Jedi, the characters' backgrounds and hints from Episode V made their connection fit Star Wars lore.
Next post: The Last Jedi changed Luke Skywalker in the original trilogy in various ways


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A beautiful vacation starts with a comfortable stay. We recommend Laksamana Townlodge Melaka an ideal transit for you….
Explore the wide range of available options we suggest. Hopefully Laksamana Townlodge Melaka will give you a smile throughout your trip. Give family and yourself opportunities to enjoy different experiences.
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Our main goal here is to offer you a better travel’s experience. Make the Laksamana Townlodge Melaka as temporary accommodation options is the smartest decision you ever take.

domain: travel


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After entering the U.S., many undocumented immigrants end up in the custody of authorities. Some are caught, others turn themselves in. After initial processing into an overburdened immigration system, families are often released with a court date that will almost certainly send them back home. Rosa Flores visited a shelter in McAllen, Texas where many are finding a helping hand. She speaks to the recently arrived immigrants about what they plan to do next.
Anderson Cooper goes beyond the headlines to tell stories from many points of view, so you can make up your own mind about the news. Tune in weeknights at 8 and 10 ET on CNN.
Questions or comments? Send an email
Want to know more? Go behind the scenes with

domain: sociology


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OBVS CO claims that their new ADPT shoe is up to any adventure that you throw at it. We’ve heard those claims before—is it really possible to have just one pair of shoes that can adapt to any climate?
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“This seems like an ideal time to remind many of my colleagues across the aisle that regulation is not a bad word,” says Rep. Diana DeGette of Colorado.
House Democrats hammered federal regulators on the safety of the U.S. nuclear industry, casting skepticism on the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s assurances that plants here are safe despite the disaster unfolding in Japan.
Massachusetts Democrat Ed Markey likened the Japanese authorities’ desperate efforts at the Fukushima Daiichi plant to a BP-style “nuclear junk shot,” adding: “Yet the Nuclear Regulatory Commission insists that our systems are safe, even before beginning, let alone completing, its review of our reactors and spent fuel pools.”
Markey also complained that existing U.S. regulations don’t fully account for the risk of earthquakes, while requirements for backup battery power here “are generally less stringent than what the Fukushima reactors were equipped with.”
But the subcommittee split along party lines, with Chairman Cliff Stearns telling his colleagues that “there should be no question about the experience and responsiveness of America’s nuclear power system.”
Click here to read the full article.
Source: Darius Dixon | POLITICO


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Visit Philadelphia’s industrial past and explore the changing landscape and communities of an industrial neighborhood on this walking tour presented by The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. Meet at the Philadelphia History Museum to join the Encyclopedia’s tour project manager, Jacob Downs (M.A., Rutgers-Camden), for a short trip on the Market-Frankford El to the Tioga Street Station and the Harrowgate neighborhood, once a center for dye works, carpet mills, and other textile mills, and one of the most densely populated working-class areas of Philadelphia.
Drawing upon the work of The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia’s authors and editors, the tour offers an opportunity to engage with important questions about the dramatic changes that Harrowgate and similar neighborhoods have experienced in the past two centuries. Why did the characteristics of the neighborhood’s population shift so dramatically in the twentieth century? What defines community, and what happens when community institutions are lost? Does a neighborhood need churches, banks, schools, and playgrounds to develop community? Why are some sections of the city experiencing problems with crime, poverty, and poor education, while others are being revitalized?
On a walk of about one mile, the tour will highlight the neighborhood’s industrial past with visits to the former Richardson’s Mints factory and Luithlien Dye House. Along the way, we also will explore the meaning of community by examining the two major parishes in the area, St. Joan of Arc and Ascension of our Lord, and the ways they were affected by the neighborhood’s changing changing demographics in the mid-twentieth century. The tour will move north toward the Sheridan Middle School and end with a walk through the Kensington and Allegheny (K & A) section, where signs of community from the past mingle with the present.
There is no charge for this tour, but space is limited. Please register in advance at http://harrowgatetour.eventbrite.com/.
This Walking Encyclopedia Tour is presented by the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia, a civic project to increase understanding of the city and region, and administered by the Philadelphia History Museum. This project is made possible by the Pew Center for Arts and Heritage.

domain: geography


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|Address:||119 Oak St, Bonner Springs, KS 66012, USA|
|Opening hours (Edit)|
|Tuesday:||11:00 AM – 8:00 PM|
|Wednesday:||11:00 AM – 8:00 PM|
|Thursday:||11:00 AM – 8:00 PM|
|Friday:||11:00 AM – 8:00 PM|
|Saturday:||11:00 AM – 8:00 PM|
Southern Girlz Eatery is located in Wyandotte County of Kansas state. On the street of Oak Street and street number is 119. To communicate or ask something with the place, the Phone number is (913) 368-5712. You can get more information from their website.
The coordinates that you can use in navigation applications to get to find Southern Girlz Eatery quickly are 39.055866 ,-94.8819994
Peach daiquiri was awesome and service is great! They need a bigger sign out front so more people don't miss this place!
They have delicious daiquiris and the food makes the whole block smell good 10/10 recommend


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New Delhi, Dec 6 (PTI) Iconic guitarist Derek Julien whose performance inaugurated the 31st edition of the Jazz Utsav here describes Jazz as more of a concept rather than a genre of music.
"You say genre, I say its a concept, its an approach, which is why musicians today are using Jazz to qualify what they do, you have a rock artist saying I play Jazz, so thats the richness of it. It is very intense music. If I were deeply into than Ill have to drop everything else, because its so rich and the harmony and melody is so rich," says Julien.
The former Waterfront man was joined by students of Mussories Woodstock Jazz Band for the inaugural performance with his group Derek Julien and Friends here last evening.
Citing similarities between Jazz and Indian classical music, the musician says he believes that Jazz is the classical music of west
"In Jazz you have a phrase or a melody and then artists improvise and expand on it. In Indian music you have ragas, everyone is playing the same raga but with different interpretations."
The proliferation of jazz festivals is an indication of the acceptance of the genre, he says.
"There is a rich audience for it, they are open for it and almost every Jazz festival is going like as full as it can."
The concluding performance on the first day of the festival was given by US-based Rudhresh Mahanthappa jazz alto saxophonist and composer.
Upping the tempo, Mahanthappa took over the stage belting out tunes peppy tunes from his saxophone backed by a drummer and a keyboard player gracefully following melodies of the saxophone played by the maestro.
Talking about his experience of playing in India, Mahanthappa says its a mixed bag depending upon the geography of India and the audience.
"Its been incredibly varied, we played at Jazz festival in Pune a few days ago and it was like playing a rock concert, the audience was incredible. But then in Bangalore I dont know if anybody cared so its like all over the map.
"I have an idea about a project to do something with songs that occur with childrens TV shows but not the theme but a song that recurring within the show, maybe next year it will be out," the saxophonist says. PTI ASV ANS

domain: entertainment


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Nearly one in five American adults, or 43.7 million people, experienced a diagnosable mental illness in 2012 according to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). These results are consistent with 2011 findings.
SAMHSA also reported that, consistent with 2011, less than half (41 percent) of these adults received any mental health services in the past year. Among those who had serious mental illness, 62.9 percent received treatment. Among adults with mental illness who reported an unmet need for treatment, the top three reasons given for not receiving help were that they could not afford the cost, thought they could handle the problem without treatment, or did not know where to go for services.
The findings also shed light on mental health issues among young people. According to the report, 2.2 million youth aged 12 to 17 (9.1 percent of this population) experienced a major depressive episode in 2012. These young people were more than three times as likely to have a substance use disorder (16.0 percent) than their counterparts who had not experienced a major depressive episode (5.1 percent).
“The President and Vice President have made clear that mental illness should no longer be treated by our society – or covered by insurance companies – differently from other illnesses,” said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. “The Affordable Care Act and new parity protections are expanding mental and substance use disorder benefits for 62 million Americans. This historic expansion will help make treatment more affordable and accessible.”
The Administration recently launched www.MentalHealth.gov
to help people find easy-to-understand information about basic signs of mental health problems, how to talk about mental health and mental illness, and how to locate help.
In addition, SAMHSA is announcing two grant funding opportunities to help improve mental health services for young people:
- Planning Grants for Expansion of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and Their Families Program – this grant program will provide $8 million in funding to assist states, political subdivisions, tribes, or territories to develop a comprehensive strategic plan for improving, expanding, and sustaining services provided through a system of care approach for children and youth with serious emotional disturbances and their families.
- Implementation Cooperative Agreements for Expansion of the Comprehensive Community Mental Health Services for Children and their Families Program – this grant program will provide $23 million in funding to enable states, political subdivisions, tribes, or territories to improve behavioral health outcomes for children and youth with serious emotional disturbances and their families.
The new findings from SAMHSA also found that 9 million American adults 18 and older (3.9 percent) had serious thoughts of suicide in the past year–2.7 million (1.1 percent) made suicide plans and 1.3 million (0.6 percent) attempted suicide.
Those in crisis or knowing someone they believe may be at immediate risk of attempting suicide can call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or go to http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org
. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline network, funded by SAMHSA, provides immediate free and confidential crisis round-the-clock counseling to anyone in need throughout the country, every day of the year.
According to SAMHSA, adults who experienced mental illness in the past year were three times more likely to have met the criteria for a substance use disorder than those who had not experienced mental illness in the past year (19.2 percent versus 6.4 percent). Those who had serious mental illness in the past year were even more likely to have had substance dependence or abuse (27.3 percent).
The new findings come from SAMHSA’s 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. In the survey, mental illness among adults aged 18 or older is defined as having had a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder (excluding developmental and substance use disorders) in the past year based on criteria specified in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association.
In this survey, serious mental illness is defined as mental illness that resulted in serious functional impairment, which substantially interfered with or limited one or more major life activities. A major depressive episode is defined as a period of at least two weeks when a person experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had at least four of seven additional symptoms reflecting the criteria as described in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is the agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that leads public health efforts to advance the behavioral health of the nation. SAMHSA’s mission is to reduce the impact of substance abuse and mental illness on America’s communities.

domain: news


DUBLIN residents have admitted to being surpirsed at the serious lack of human remains being found following the collapse of a storm drain which left a section of the Grand Canal drained yesterday afternoon, WWN can confirm.
Not one single body part or weapon was to be seen on the now dried out canal bed, leading locals to believe the city is either losing touch with its old ways, or becoming more covert in its body disposal routines.
“If that was a few years ago now there would have been loads of lads found,” one disappointed resident complained, “it’s all bury them in the mountains this, feed them to the pigs that; crime gangs are just too sophisticated these days and no bit of craic in them at all”.
Hundreds of fish were recovered from the water in a salvage exercise by nosy locals hoping to find something a bit more gruesome.
“I spent the best part of four hours scouring the canal and all I found were a few lousy eels and some pikes,” another man from the area said, who was hoping to find a gun, or anything crime related he could show his friends later, but not the guards.
Despite the high level of gang murders across the city in the past 5 years, Dublin’s canals have seemingly lost their appeal among criminals as an edgy location for disposing bodies.
“Canals are so 90s,” a local hitman told WWN, “contracts have come a long way since then so we barely leave a trace anymore, but you can’t beat a good canal dump to get the heart racing all the same”.


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The department has a large number of policies, procedures and guidelines which affect the services that we provide to the community.
Copies of these documents are available for inspection in accordance with section 20 of the Right to Information Act 2009. Please note that some information may be deleted or withheld if its release is deemed exempt or contrary to the public interest.
Please contact us for more information on our policies and procedures.
The policies listed below relate specifically to the way the public can interact with the department.
|Prosecution Policyfile||Policy||Corporate / Legal||2.00||658|
|Public Interest Disclosure Policy and Procedurefile||Policy and procedure||Corporate / Human resources||3.01||709|
|Complaints management frameworkfile||Framework||Corporate / Human resources||2.01||835|
|Fraud, Corruption and Misconduct Control Policyfile||Policy||Corporate / Human resources||2.03||918|
|Complaints about the Director-General Policyfile||Policy||Corporate / Human resources||1.05||1469|
|Customer Complaint Policy and Procedurefile||Policy and procedure||Corporate / Human resources||2.01||1537|
|Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples commercial fishing development policyfile||Policy||Fisheries / Indigenous||1.00||5397|
|Queensland Harvest Startegy Policyfile||Policy||Fisheries / Commercial||2.01||5464|
|Policy for fish stocking in Queenslandfile||Policy||Fisheries / Freshwater||1.00||5500|
|Fisheries working groups guidelinefile||Guideline||Fisheries / General||2.00||5505|
|Developmental fishing policyfile||Policy||Fisheries / Commercial||5.00||5608|
|Recreational fishing on a commercial operation policyfile||Policy||Fisheries / General||1.00||5682|
|Guideline for Queensland's Commercial and Charter Fishing Grant Programfile||Guideline||Fisheries / General||1.00||5684|
|Guidelines on Queensland's Fishing Infrastructure Grants Programfile||Guideline||Fisheries / Recreational||1.00||5685|
|Guideline for Queensland's Community Fishing Grantsfile||Guideline||Fisheries / General||1.02||5686|
In addition to the departmental policies, the following Queensland Government policies are essential to the way we conduct our business.
Code of Conduct for the Queensland public sector
Members of the public service must comply with the Code of Conduct for the Queensland public sector.
The Queensland Procurement Policy contains the broader rules under which procurement is conducted by all government agencies. Each agency then has its own more detailed purchasing procedures, which sets out how their officers will buy goods and services.
Further general information about procurement is available from the Queensland Government website.

domain: law


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"I do love Vera!" --Val McDermid "It's easy to admire Vera's brainpower...her adventures have been a hit on British television, and readers devoted to Cleeves' tales of Jimmy Perez will want to give Vera a try." --Kirkus Reviews "A nice mixture, in the British tradition, of social comedy and detective work. More Vera, please." --Booklist (starred review)

domain: library


Galaxy 10 Meter Radio - Galaxy DX98VHP
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The Galaxy DX98VHP is the cream of the crop! At over 200 watts with eight IRF520 MOSFET final transistors, this Radio is the highest output model offered by Galaxy! Because of the extra power, this radio provides dual internal temperature control fans to distribute airflow over the extra large bottom heat sink. Other features the reps at CB Radio Supply like about the Galaxy DX98VHP include the RF Gain, Talkback and Dimmer Control– all conveniently placed on the front display for ease of use. Other really fun extras offered are the Galaxy Style Echo and a Built-In Variable Voice Changer.
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The excellent news is, you’re not alone. It’s under no circumstances unheard of for a furnace to halt heating correctly, and we’ve assisted hundreds of families just like yours get back again to a heat, cozy and cozy household environment very quickly.
Trying to keep your air conditioner repairs and HVAC repair in a bare minimum by means of regular HVAC upkeep may help make sure that both you and your family in Carrollton stay interesting all summer.
Increase the life of your respective air conditioning procedure with once-a-year routine maintenance. Preserving your A/C process will prolong the life of one's air conditioner. Getting a BAM member has its perks. Connect with Berkeys to get more information.
five/5 Stars Reggie Y. - Air Conditioning, in Dallas on Sep 14th, 2016 “Had an electrical storm that influenced our AC device- named Berkeys and about an hour later on their tech Wayne showed up, diagnosed and glued The difficulty and he even shared some wonderful top secret recipes .
In advance of hiring HVAC specialists in Carrollton, be sure your air conditioning procedure is Strength economical and sturdy. It's also possible to find tips from these heating and cooling specialists on the most effective models to pick from.
Drop and spring tend to be enjoyable and breezy, but tropical dampness can be problematic through the early tumble months. Winters are chilly but almost never frigid, and infusions of heat air from your Gulf of Mexico avoid link here tough freezes. The local growing time lasts for eight or 9 months.
YP - The true Yellow PagesSM - can help you discover Carrollton Heating Company the ideal local corporations to satisfy your precise desires. Search results are sorted by a mix of aspects to give you a set of selections in response to your search conditions. These components are just like All those you might use to select which organization to select from an area Phone book directory, together with proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the particular services or products you would like, and in depth small business data to assist Examine a company's suitability for you.
We have been a loyal purchaser of Ragsdale, but We'll needless to say continue on to perform business with them. The staff at Ragsdale was completely awesome with h…
Jaime T. explained "Had an AC unexpected emergency and termed Norman late Friday night time at 11pm. They may have 24/seven solutions but all techs had been out, so JD about the phone talked me through how to repair my problem.
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Finding link here your house’s heating method skillfully serviced yearly will retain it operating smoothly and support retain heating fees less than control.
The company appeals to and hires a number of the finest expertise readily available by supplying one of the best benefit offers of any heating and air contractor in Atlanta. Estes is at present in search of good Support Professionals to join ou
If you phone an HVAC company, you can normally relaxation straightforward that this isn’t the technician’s very first out-phone. The technician you get in touch with has possible found many heating and air conditioning problems and labored on them for a few years.
With in excess of 60 a long time of expertise you'll be able to have faith in Dring as well as their Experienced contractors for your entire HVAC needs!
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We provider all will make and styles of heating and cooling tools for both residences and companies. We also sell and set up most will make and products of air conditioners, heat pumps, fuel and electric powered furnaces, boilers, filters, air cleaners and humidifiers.
nine score! Whilst we are an older firm, we also sense it’s important to remain latest on all new technological advancements in our field so we can easily give you the very best volume of comfort and ease and dependability for your HVAC methods.
There are lots of crucial selections you'll have to generate amidst any construction venture. One of these is how to provide warmth as well as a…
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An HVAC technician not simply wants liability protection for do the job-linked hurt, but also coverage to handle any bodily accidents they sustain on The work.
We're going to use them Sooner or later and we remarkably advise them. Report Abuse Reply to this Critique Examine all critiques by dr.odrc five stars incredible workProvided by YP.com Posted by jeffreygordon on eleven/03/2010 I'm an from town proprietor of rental residence. I'd an influence serge at certainly one of more info my Attributes that blew out the compressors on 2 ac models simultaneously. Ohio Heating was the most effective estimate and perhaps labored Along with the insurance company for me. From Gross sales to set up it had been like clockwork. I even termed to find out when they might be finished and It absolutely was ALREADY Finished. Renters have been very happy it went so easily. I could not are actually much more delighted. I hugely propose Ohio Heating for all HC perform and would in no way hassle to call anyone else once more. Report Abuse Reply to this Assessment Go through all testimonials by jeffreygordon 5 stars Last but not least, an organization I can trustProvided by YP.com Posted by philedog on 10/fifteen/2010 over time, we had tried out several Heating/cooling companies to deal with our two units. Their companies were awful. We experienced misplaced religion in that sort of services. Sadly this summer season, considered one of our compressors went out whenever we were struggling mid-90's diploma weather. A number of men and women I knew encouraged Ohio Heating. As skeptical as we ended up, we known as them in. They were the two incredibly professional and knowledgable. They changed the devices responsively and at an incredibly acceptable price tag. Their stick to-up has also been Remarkable. I generally don't compose these evaluations however it's great to obtain it correct!
I had this company to my house mainly because my furnace wasn't kicking on. I known as while in the middle of the night (at like 4 am) and an individual answered my cal…
It is possible to be certain that we’ll do a whole dwelling inspection to uncover any possible complications which will exist, and we’ll offer solutions to help right them.
Whether you'll want to warmth and funky a sizable or modest facility, we provide the qualified professionals, tools, and working experience you need to keep your HVAC gear running smoothly.
Not merely is it good to rake up leaves to shield your garden's grass, It is also advantageous in your air conditioner. Rake leaves, Slash grass and trim back again any tree branches throughout the unit as being a preventative measure.
Still haven't got every little thing carried out to my satification. Failed to recognize that Dwelling Depot employed out most in their function to contractors without letting you will get their names and possibility some ... Study morearrow
Your technician may well advocate performing the duct improvements along with replacement on the mechanicals or may well recommend only one or the opposite task.
Should you’re not sure If the process remains to be under warranty therefore you are encountering a dilemma, be sure to contact us.
When it’s a sweltering 97 degrees and sunny, you wander to your vehicle, open up the door for being smacked which has a gust of heat so powerful; it need to be not less than twenty five degrees hotter than it truly is outdoors.
Attach the charging hose to your small side provider port. Go ahead and take hose that comes along with the refrigerant refill kit and join it for the minimal side support port you determined before.
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Just much more specifics of the people today that will be performing function at your private home without supervision from anybody that works for Dwelling Depot. Study much less arrow
Preserving your enterprise cool in the summer time is equally as crucial as possessing a good heating system. HHR Enterprises Heating & Cooling Methods is happy to provide high-quality commercial air conditioning set up services in Columbus, OH for every type of kit. In the event you’re just starting up a whole new business or need new air conditioning to your building, we’ll allow you to discover the right size AC system for your small business that matches your cooling needs and your budgetary limitations.
Ladies have, on common, a substantially decrease resting metabolic charge than Gentlemen.[forty three] Applying inaccurate metabolic price recommendations for air conditioning sizing may end up in oversized and less effective tools, and placing technique working setpoints far too chilly may check here end up in diminished employee productivity.
Get if set Browse Much more Your technician will complete the repair exact day so long as the mandatory elements are offered.
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There will be a diagnostic charge to the visit, and any distinct repairs is going to be an extra demand. If replacing your procedure is the greatest Alternative, the price for the prognosis might be credited toward the purchase and set up of a new program.
In 1906, Stuart W. Cramer of Charlotte was Discovering solutions to incorporate dampness for the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the phrase "air conditioning", employing it within a patent declare he submitted that 12 months as an analogue to "water conditioning", then a more info effectively-acknowledged course of action for producing textiles easier to process.
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That is a regular safety test that we use to forestall spammers from generating bogus accounts and spamming end users.
They do not know residential boilers and are climbing up fees. They ended up four hours late to the very first appointment, and needed to send a tech over a separat…
Whenever your furnace is just not working mainly because it ought to, your home is a lot less Electricity efficient in general, which in turn usually means you happen to be wasting dollars.
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On top of that, the state demands licensed HVAC experts to hold no less than $five hundred,000 of liability insurance plan. This implies any HVAC tech Doing work in the region really should have precisely the same standard of insurance coverage.
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We experienced them exchange it along with the unit is working excellent. We also signed up for there club membership plan and What's more, it saved us some money and they are going to return out check here and ensure are procedure is in great managing issue for the time. Thanks Dave for sporting those goofy shoe handles my spouse really appreciated it.
Herrmann Services can repair and service the furnace or heat pump in your Cincinnati space home. Whatever the time or the temperature exterior, we may make your home truly feel correctly at ease within.
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Permit the pipe sit for some time in the solution and after that set all the parts back in place. As soon as You begin using your air conditioner regularly, Examine it periodically to be certain condensation is not building up.
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If you take place to are in a very hot and humid region of click here the nation, you're also sure to deal with drainage issues with your unit due to the fact humidity can trap alone inside the system.
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GCG Austin, Ltd. v. City of Springboro, Ohio, 284 F. Supp. 2d 927 (S.D. Ohio 2003)
September 30, 2003
CITY OF SPRINGBORO, OHIO, et al., Defendants.
United States District Court, S.D. Ohio, Western Division.
Bruce Leroy Ingram, Joseph R. Miller, Richard Donovan Schuster, Vorys, Sater, Seymour & Pease, Columbus, OH, Thomas Patrick Whelley, II, Chernesky, Heyman & Kress, Dayton, OH, for Plaintiffs.
James J. Englert, Wilson G. Weisenfelder, Jr., Rendigs, Fry, Kiely & Dennis, Rhonda S. Frey, Manley Burke, Timothy Michael Burke, Manley, Burke, Lipton & Cook, Cincinnati, OH, for Defendants.
*928 DECISION AND ENTRY SUSTAINING DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR CHANGE OF VENUE AND TO TRANSFER (DOC. # 6); CAPTIONED CAUSE IS TRANSFERRED TO THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO, WESTERN DIVISION, AT CINCINNATI; TERMINATION ENTRY
RICE, Chief Judge.
Plaintiffs GCG Austin, Ltd., Wooster Associates, and Victory 4, LLC (collectively, "Plaintiffs") are owners of fifty-four (54) acres of vacant land in Springboro, Ohio, located at the intersection of State Route 741 and Miamisburg-Springboro Pike/Austin Road ("the Property"), which they purchased in 2002 (Compl.¶¶ 8, 15). The Property is located within a larger 249.142 acre development, known as South Tech Business Park ("South Tech"). (Id. ¶ 9). In 1997, South Tech was annexed into Springboro and, on March 6, 1997, it was rezoned from "light industrial" and "rural residential" to "PUD (Planned Unit Development)," pursuant to Chapter 1272 of the Springboro Zoning Code. Section 1272.03 of the 1997 Zoning Code provided that "[a]ny use permitted in any city zoning district may be permitted in a PUD ..." (Id. ¶ 11). In 1997, the Springboro City Counsel approved a general plan for development for South Tech Business Park, which was submitted by Danis Properties Co., Inc. In accordance with that general plan, approximately 25% of South Tech has been improved, and the remainder is vacant and for sale as building lots by Danis.
Plaintiffs purchased the Property from Danis in 2002, with knowledge of the PUD zoning classification and with the intent to build structures to house a Wal-Mart Supercenter and a Kohl's department store. On January 17, 2002, the Springboro City Council passed Ordinance No. O-02-4, which reported to repeal and replace the prior PUD ordinance. The Ordinance requires that, in the future, all applications for PUDs must be established with specific land use restrictions, such as "business," "office," "residential," or "mixed use." On May 30, 2002, Plaintiffs submitted an amendment to the general plan for South Tech, as requested by representatives of the City. Plaintiffs allege that, despite conforming to the zoning code, the Planning Commission unanimously voted on December 11, 2002, to recommend to the City Council that the plan submitted by Plaintiffs not be approved (id. ¶ 20).
In response to the City's actions, on February 14, 2003, Plaintiffs initiated the instant litigation in this Court against the City of Springboro, the Springboro City Council, and the Springboro Planning Commission, setting forth four claims for relief, to wit: (1) a request for a declaratory judgment that Defendants' refusal to approve Plaintiffs' plan violated their equal protection and due process rights under the United States Constitution and that the zoning code is unconstitutional under the Due Process Clause (Count One); (2) a request for a declaratory judgment that Plaintiffs' are entitled to the approval of their plan by the Planning Commission (Count Two); (3) a claim that the refusal to approve Plaintiffs' plan constitutes a taking, in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution; and (4) a state law promissory estoppel claim.
Pending before the Court is Defendants' Motion for Change of Venue, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391 and § 1404, and Local Rule 82.1, and to Transfer to the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Cincinnati (Doc. # 6). For the reasons assigned, *929 Defendants' Motion is SUSTAINED.
Plaintiffs bear the burden of establishing that venue is proper once an objection to venue has been raised, and must demonstrate that venue is proper for each claim asserted in their complaint. Astor Holdings, Inc. v. Roski, 2002 WL 72936, *8 (S.D.N.Y. Jan.17, 2002); Wright, Miller & Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure: Jurisdiction 2d § 3808. The general venue provision is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1391, which provides, in pertinent part:
(b) A civil action wherein jurisdiction is not founded solely on diversity of citizenship may, except as otherwise provided by law, be brought only in (1) a judicial district where any defendant resides, if all defendants reside in the same State, (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated, or (3) a judicial district in which any defendant may be found, if there is no district in which the action may otherwise be brought.
(c) For purposes of venue under this chapter, a defendant that is a corporation shall be deemed to reside in any judicial district in which it is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time the action is commenced. In a State which has more than one judicial district and in which a defendant that is a corporation is subject to personal jurisdiction at the time an action is commenced, such corporation shall be deemed to reside in any district in that State within which its contacts would be sufficient to subject it to personal jurisdiction if that district were a separate State, and, if there is no such district, the corporation shall be deemed to reside in the district within which it has the most significant contacts.
"[T]he purpose of Section 1391 is to ensure that the plaintiff does not select a venue that is unfair or inconvenient to the defendant." United Liberty Life Ins. Co. v. Pinnacle West Capital Corp., 149 F.R.D. 558, 562 (S.D.Ohio 1993). The parties do not dispute that venue is proper in the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division. Rather, they disagree on whether this action is properly brought in Dayton rather than in Cincinnati.
Venue within this district is governed by local rule. Local Rule 82.1 provides, in pertinent part:
(b) Location of Court. For venue purposes, the area served by each location of court consists of the following counties: ...
Western Division: Cincinnati: Adams, Brown, Butler, Clermont, Clinton, Hamilton, Highland, Lawrences, Scioto and Warren; Dayton: Champaign, Clark, Darke, Greene, Miami, Montgomery, Preble and Shelby.
(c) Resident Defendant(s). An action against a defendant or defendants resident in this district shall be filed at the location of court which embraces a county in which at least one defendant resides.
(e) Nonresident Defendant(s). If no defendant is a resident of this district, an action shall be filed at the location of court embracing a county in which a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of the property that is the subject of the action is situated.
Loc. R. 82.1 (Sept. 1, 2003). Defendants assert that Cincinnati is the proper venue for this action, because the City of Springboro is located in Warren County, which, pursuant to Local Rule 82.1, is served by the Western Division at Cincinnati. Defendants *930 argue that this Court may transfer the action to Cincinnati, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1404. Plaintiffs respond by noting that Springboro, Ohio, is located in both Warren County and Montgomery County, thereby suggesting that it may be sued in either county or, more to the point, in the federal court serving either county. They further emphasize that the Property is located in Montgomery County. Plaintiffs therefore argue that, because Montgomery County is served by this Court, venue herein is proper.
Beginning with Plaintiffs' argument that the Property is located in Montgomery County, under Local Rule 82.1, if a defendant is a resident of the Southern District of Ohio, as is the case herein, the action must filed in the federal district court serving the county of which the defendant is a resident. Because the City of Springboro is located within this District, the Court does not look to the location of the property at issue or to where a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred. See Local R. 82.1(e). In other words, the location of the Property is irrelevant for purposes of venue in this action.
The critical issue for Defendants' Motion is whether Defendants are residents of both Warren and Montgomery Counties, as Plaintiffs argue, or just Warren County, as Defendants assert. The Sixth Circuit has held that "[w]here a public official is a party to an action in his official capacity, he resides in the judicial district where he maintains his official residence, that is, where he performs his official duties." O'Neill v. Battisti, 472 F.2d 789, 791 (6th Cir. 1972), quoting 1 Moore's Federal Practice 1487-88; see also Northern Ky. Welfare Rights Ass'n v. Wilkinson, 1991 WL 86267 (6th Cir. May 24, 1991). It is undisputed that the Springboro City Council and the Springboro Planning Commission perform their official duties in Warren County. Accordingly, it is proper to sue those entities in Warren County, rather than Montgomery County.
Because the borders of the City of Springboro extend into Montgomery County, it is reasonable to state that the City performs its functions in both counties. Undoubtedly, the City of Springboro provides various services, such as police and waste removal services, to the portion of its jurisdiction which lies within Montgomery County. However, it is further undisputed that the municipal offices and government are located in Warren County. In addition, although Plaintiffs' claims concern property located in Montgomery County, its claims against the City of Springboro arise out of the official actions of its governing bodies, which perform their duties in Warren County. Under these circumstances, the Court concludes that Defendants are residents of Warren County alone.
Although this Court is not bound by Ohio case law regarding venue, the Court notes that this ruling is consistent with those of Ohio courts on this subject. In City of Fostoria v. Fox, 60 Ohio St. 340, 54 N.E. 370 (Ohio 1899), the Ohio Supreme Court specifically rejected the proposition that a city which is partially situated in two counties is a resident of both. It reasoned:
But it is also claimed that, where a city is partly within one and partly within another county, it has a situs in each. This, we think, is not admissible. If this were so, it would be two cities instead of one. It would quite as consistent with reason to say that an individual could have two domiciles. The situs of a city is to be determined by the place where its principal seat of municipal government is located.
54 N.E. at 371. Thus, the Ohio Supreme Court held that "[a] city partially situated *931 in two counties has its situs in the county where its municipal offices and government are located...." Id. (paragraph 2 of syllabus); see Cincinnati, C. & W. Turnpike Co. v. Village of Milford, 32 Ohio C.C. 497 (Ohio Cir.1909).
Because the Court concludes that Defendants are residents of Warren County, for purposes of venue herein, Plaintiffs' action is properly venued in the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Cincinnati. In the interest of justice, the Court transfers this action to that location.
Defendants' Motion for Change of Venue and to Transfer to the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Cincinnati (Doc. # 6) is SUSTAINED.
The captioned cause is hereby transferred to the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Cincinnati.
The captioned cause is hereby ordered terminated upon the docket records of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division, at Dayton.NOTES
 The following facts are taken from Plaintiffs' Complaint (Doc. # 1).


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Recently a friend(who shall remain anonymous since she doesn't talk about weight loss stuff on her blog) and I were discussing weight loss and being healthy and what risks were worth taking to get there. Is it worth the risks to take diet pills? I've known lots of people who have tried it. Even getting ones like phentermine that are prescribed from their doctors. Pills that have a very similar chemical make up to methamphetamine. Of course you'll lose weight, but what are the side effects? Head aches, heart palpitations, high blood pressure, sweating, not being able to sleep.
Is it worth finding a Los Angeles lap band doctor and having your stomach banded? It's a major surgery, which is always risky, but even more so on someone who is overweight.
Even though both of these things have risks, so does being overweight. Being overweight can lead to diabetes, high blood pressure, and a million other problems, many of which can result in death. When you consider that, is it better to have surgery or take a pill with a lot risks and possible side effects, or is it better to be overweight?
No I'm not considering diet pills or weight loss surgery. Just one of those things I think about. What about the rest of you? Which is riskier?

domain: medical


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Leaders from the Republic of Georgia Examine Urban Planning in Fort Worth
Fort Worth, TX — The Congressional Office for International Leadership, an agency of the U.S. Congress, will send a delegation of urban planners from the Republic of Georgia to Fort Worth from July 22-30, 2022, through the Open World program. The delegation consists of five professionals who will be accompanied by a bicultural facilitator and an interpreter. While in Fort Worth, the COIL program participants will be hosted by Fort Worth Sister Cities International and the City of Fort Worth through a team led by Assistant City Manager Fernando Costa.
Prior to their arrival in Fort Worth the participants will complete an orientation in Washington, D.C.
In Fort Worth, delegates will collaborate on best practices for urban planning and preservation with city staff and local leaders in Fort Worth. Additional activities include visits to the Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Near Southside, Inc, and Downtown Fort Worth, Inc. The delegation will stay in the homes of Fort Worth residents who serve as hospitality hosts.
More than 28,000 current and future leaders from post-Soviet era countries have participated in the Open World program. Open World offers one of the most effective U.S. exchange programs to promote mutually beneficial options for depolarized engagement between future national leaders.
Founded in 1999 by Congress, the Open World program, administered by the Congressional Office for International Leadership, maintains a vast network of more than 28,000 alumni in strategic countries including Russia, Ukraine, and others in the Balkans, Caucuses, Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Open World supports legislative diplomacy efforts for Members of Congress by conducting exchanges that establish lasting professional relationships between emerging leaders and their U.S. counterparts. Program participants are provided with extensive exposure to American politics, accountable governance, and citizen diplomacy, while being home hosted by American families. To learn more about Open World, please visit www.openworld.gov/.


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Im so worried to fall into that depression of hating myself again and I'm really contemplating only formula feeding. Problem is I know how amazing breastmilk is for baby, I love the bonding and all and I'm so torn with what to do. Do what's best for baby or what's best for me and my sanity. It wasnt either weaning any of my kids since they were happy to completely give up breast and I always got hard lumps and pain until milk dried. So I'm wondering if I should nurse for a month or 2 and wean sooner this time or just formula feed.
If you only formula fed your babies were they sick very often or is this just a myth?
Not looking to start a debate I'm just really torn on what to do for my own sanity and mental health.

domain: health


TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT
Help us preserve Islamorada
TRANSPARENCY IN GOVERNMENT - RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
Summary: Openness, Transparency, and Accountability
What could be more important than trust in our local government? The efforts to provide transparency is what builds trust.
We elected five new members of council in a hotly-disputed election November 2020. Voters paid attention to the issues. Now, we need to pay attention to the efforts made to correct some of the shortcomings of the past and opportunities for the future. And for that we need transparency.


Yes! You could be using a VPN, but do you have an idea of how the different protocols work? VPN technology involves a complex set of protocols that determine their size of encryption and the security features they come with.
You want to have extensive knowledge of these protocols to enable you to make an informed decision about the type of VPN protocol to use.
Simply put, a VPN has the sole purpose of protecting your online privacy. The internet is a web of servers that receive and send information. If you gain access to a given website or link, your request goes through the correct server allowing the website to send you the right information.
Do you get the drift?
Essentially, there is an open exchange of information between your computer and the web you are trying to access. What this means is that your website sees your location and can also get more info from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
So, what makes the difference between and you and the person using a Virtual Private Network? A VPN connection first routes your connection to a private server. This server is provided by the VPN provider you are using.
The Website sending you the information you requested sees the IP address provided by the private server and not your IP address. A person using a VPN still has access to all the information you have on the same website but anonymously. A few examples of VPNs can be found on BestVPN.com
Searches Are Made Anonymously
Also, having a VPN conceals your identity when you go online. Your IP address is overshadowed by that of the IP addresses generated by the VPN for you – mostly to access websites in restricted locations. So assuming that your VPN provider is completely leak-proof, it is safe to say that websites cannot get hold of your real IP address. Leaks are mainly associated with a VPN’s failure to keep your IP address hidden from a restricted location’s website. Thus, it’s very important that you would use the most secure VPN that would not leak your IP address.
VPN Protocols Explained
A VPN protocol determines how your data gets routed on the internet. The routed connection occurs between your computer and the VPN server. VPN protocols come with the different specifications that serve various user needs. Some protocols focus on speed while others are more concerned about securing your security and privacy. The list of VPN protocols you want to have at the back of your head includes the following.
OpenVPN is one of the most trusted VPN protocols. It is an open VPN. This means a user can find out whether its source codes have any vulnerabilities.
Released in 2001, OpenVPN has undergone several changes that have made it become one of the best VPNs in the market. It works with popular operating systems including Android, iOS, Linux, Windows and macOS. Its ability to work with mobile platforms has made it popular among users.
Users with an OpenVPN protect their data using an AES-256-bit encryption. Its authentication is 2048-bit RSA with an own SSL and TSL security protocol.
SSTP is the abbreviation given for another security protocol. Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol comes integrated with most Microsoft operating systems. It utilizes an SSL channel to L2TP traffic. With an SSTP VPN protocol, you are sure of data transmission and encryption as well.
An SSTP protocol also checks the integrity of traffic. This feature, together with its use of an SSL over a TCP port 443, enables it to bypass several firewalls and proxy servers. An SSTP protocol also enables you to modify it to increase its security feature. You could use a smart chip for this purpose.
For authentication purposes, SSTP uses a 2048-bit SSL certificate that is also incorporated with a 256-bit SSL keys for encryption. Other services that employ the services of an SSTP protocol are the smart card authentication, windows and the windows VPN client. SSTP works fine in a network link that is not tunneled and has sufficient bandwidth. A limited bandwidth causes a decrease in its performance.
This is a widely used VPN across the globe. It’s a tunneling protocol referred to as Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol. L2TP is an improvement of Cisco’s L2F and PPTP developed by Microsoft. Worth noting is that L2TP doesn’t have an encryption of its own but uses a tunnel encryption protocol.
IPsec is used together with L2TP for a secure connection given L2TP’s vulnerability brought about by a lack of encryption. A combination of L2TP/IPsec protocol is one of the secure connections you will come across. It uses an AES 256bit key to encrypt traffic. However, word has it that IPsec was compromised by the National Security Agency.
L2TP improves the functioning of a point to point protocol. PPP makes vulnerable the data transmitted between clientsand servers. On the contrary, L2TP secures your data transmission by de-multiplexing data packets. The downside to using an L2TP encryption is that its performance is greatly reduced, however, it gives you a very secure connection.
Point to Point TunnelingProtocolis an old VPN protocol. This protocol was designed and incorporated into Windows 95. Its primary function was to work with dial-up connections. Since its creation in 1995, it has suffered major security leaks that have exposed its data to hackers and the government.
Its authentication protocols like the common MS-CHAP-v1/v2 have been found to be completely insecure. It’s not worth putting your money into this protocol as your data won’t be secure.
In all these setbacks of a PPTP VPN control, users still find it useful because of its fast computational and connection speeds. This stems from the fact that it does not have strong security features that would slow down its transmission speed. Accessing online streaming services that are censored is easier with this protocol.
Internet Key Exchange version 2 was developed by both Microsoft and Cisco. IKEv2 is not an encryption in itself but a tunneling protocol that serves to provide a key exchange that is secure. To make it authentic, IKEv2 is paired up with IPsec that adds security to its vulnerabilities.
Most VPN solutions used in mobile phones prefer this protocol because of its fast ability to reconnect mobile phones to the internet in the event of a network switch or temporal loss of an internet connection.
IKEv2 works in a wide range of operating systems including Blackberry, Windows and iOS. All said, there is still a danger in using IKEV2 protocol as its security vulnerabilities are said to be exploited by NSA.
Whether using a VPN or considering to use one, you want to invest in a VPN that has the right protocol for your security online. Different VPN protocols have been in the market for a long period of time. Be sure to check its security features and connection speed before settling for one.


British air passengers faced further travel misery today when a strike by Italian air traffic controllers caused flight delays and cancellations.
British Airways had to cancel five flights to Italy, and Italian national carrier Alitalia and UK holiday airline Monarch were among other airlines hit by the strike.
"The strike was set to last from 8am to 4pm today British time and we're hoping that everything will be back to normal this evening," said a Gatwick airport spokesman.
Today's disruption followed travel chaos last weekend when a strike by coach drivers on the Spanish islands of Majorca, Menorca and Ibiza led to delays of many hours for Britons.
The BA flights that had to be cancelled today included those to Pisa, Naples, Milan and Rome.
Some other BA flights to and from Italy were badly delayed.
Nine scheduled flights were cancelled from Stansted Airport in Essex.
An airport spokesman said: "We have had nine flights cancelled so far today. Airlines have told passengers they will transfer them to the next available flight free of charge.
"At the moment we have about two or three flights on hold, but the airlines are fairly confident these will get out at sometime today at about 7pm or 8pm."
The spokesman said it was hoped flights will be back to normal tomorrow.
"Passengers have been sent away and will come back when the airlines have managed to re-book them on the flights," he said.
UK holiday giant Thomson said that one of its Bristol to Naples flights had been delayed and that passengers due to fly back from Naples had been given a free meal while they waited for their return flight to take off.
At Stansted Airport, Essex, nine scheduled flights were cancelled, with low-cost carriers Ryanair, Buzz and Go all being hit.


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The kids get to dress up in their Halloween costumes at school. All the grades parade on the blacktop to show off their costumes. Once the parade is done, the Halloween Festival begins. Each grade hosts a fun activity for all the kids to enjoy - snacks, bowling, cake walk, ring toss, Halloween treats, coloring station, a field activity and a photo opportunity area.
Come on over and walk the red carpet at San Mateo Park School!! You'll get to see some amazing kids show off their super cool talents - Singing, Dancing, Martial Arts, Playing an Instrument and Much More!
READY.....SET....GOOOO!!! Our Park Panthers will be running, walking, jogging with their classmates, teachers and even some parents to have FUN and help raise money for some amazing enrichment programs. Come cheer on our Panthers and help them reach their goal.
FAMILY FUN FEST
Following Walk-A-Jog, after school ends, come enjoy some fun for the whole family. Food, Music, Raffles, Games for all ages, Face Painting and So Much More!
Grab a blanket, some popcorn and get cozy to watch a family fun movie with your friends. Concessions & sweet treat will be sold. Don't miss out on the fun!!
Mr SIlver's Garden
There is an AMAZING garden located towards the back of the school that is full of vegetables, herbs and so much more! This garden is so much more than just a San Mateo County Fair prized winning garden...it also serves as an outdoor learning classroom for all the grades to use. Stop on by to take a look or grab some gloves and a shovel to help keep this garden looking fantastic for all to enjoy.