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27 Maia/May 14
Day of Our Lady Valentina (aka Vikhe), Flame of Power, Love and Sound Mind. (11 Timothy 1:7). Today’s Gift of the Holy Mother Spirit: Fortitude.
The history of the Queen of Heaven goes back to the ancient times of the Middle East. Goddesses who have been known as the Queen of Heaven include: Inanna, Astarte, Isis, Anat, Asherah (Jer. 44), Hera, Juno, Diana and, of course, Mary, the mother of Jesus, who, in her Ascended Form, is a conflation of Diana, Isis and Sophia. Although the Queenship of Mary is not biblically based, but rather comes from Oral Tradition.
Of especial note is the Queen of Heaven in Jeremiah and the story of how King Josiah purged Her worship because his priest found an old book of the law during renovations of the Temple. He reigned from 641-609 B.C.E. (He became King at the age of 8). The siege of Jerusalem took place in 587.
The devotees of the Queen of Heaven would later blame the destruction of the Temple on the purge of devotion to the Queen of Heaven:
Wisdom went forth to make her dwelling among the children of men, and found no dwelling place
Wisdom returned to her place, and took her seat among the angels 1 Enoch 42 .
(What is little known is that the Book of Enoch is considered canonical in the ancient Ethiopian Catholic and Orthodox Churches and was considered as scripture in the Epistle of Barnabas. See Church Fathers on the Book of Enoch. (1). If you’ve never read it the book of Enoch, it’s actually pretty fascinating.)
And Her devotees cried out for Her: 16 “As for the word that you have spoken to us in the name of the Lord, we will not listen to you! 17 But we will certainly do whatever has gone out of our own mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven and pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings and our princes, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem. For then we had plenty of [f]food, were well-off, and saw no trouble. 18 But since we stopped burning incense to the queen of heaven and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have lacked everything and have been consumed by the sword and by famine.” Jer. 44:16-18.
Wisdom, Herself, cried back: The first chapter of the Book of Proverbs also describes the rejected Wisdom, and could well have been set in the period between the rejection of Wisdom by Josiah and the destruction of the city by the Babylonians. ‘How long will scoffers delight in their scoffing, and fools hate knowledge? Give heed to my reproof and I will pour out my spirit on you… because I called and you refused to listen… and you have ignored all my counsel… I will laugh at your calamity, I will mock when panic strikes you… when distress and anguish come upon you. Then they will call upon me but I will not answer, they will seek me diligently but they will not find me.’ (Prov.1.22-28) This is a Goddess speaking to the people who have rejected her. (2) Fantastic article, scroll down to Where Shall Wisdom be Found? https://sophiacommunity.wordpress.com/2012/02/14/house-of-wisdom-queen-of-heaven/
Be sure to check out the section on Isaiah: The Isaiah scroll here differs from the Masoretic Hebrew by one letter, and reads: ‘Ask a sign from the Mother of the LORD your God, and…. Wow!
King Josiah hearing the book of law.
This next author also makes the case that the Queen of Heaven in Jeremiah was Sophia: Rather, I believe the earlier version of Sophia was the Queen of Heaven, who was purged from Orthodox Judaism some 700 years earlier with King Josiah’s Deuteronomic Reform. The catalyst for Josiah’s reform was when the priest Hilkiah found a “Book of the Law” in the temple during the early stages of Josiah’s temple renovation – different versions of this story are found in 2 Kings 22-23 and 2 Chronicles 34-35. For the complete article: https://timsteppingout.wordpress.com/2017/07/20/sophia-and-the-queen-of-heaven/
She was also the spiritual Bride of King Solomon:
Sophia is found throughout the wisdom books of the Bible. There are many references to her in the book of Proverbs, and in the apocryphal books of
Sirach and the Wisdom of Solomon (accepted by Catholics and Orthodox, found in the Greek Septuagint of the early Church). She is Wisdom Incarnate, the Goddess of all those who are wise.
Is it any wonder that Sophia is constantly associated with wise King Solomon? 1 Kings 4:29-31 tells us that God gave wisdom to Solomon, and that he became wiser than all the kings of the East and all the wise people of Egypt. Wisdom 8:2, 16, 18 tells us Solomon was considered to be married to Sophia. One of the many layers of symbolism attributed to the Song of Songs (also known as Song of Solomon or Canticle of Canticles) is that it speaks of Solomon’s marriage to Holy Sophia. Wisdom 9:8-11 even tells us that Sophia instructed Solomon in building the Temple!
The Jews revered Sophia. King Solomon even put her right in the Temple, in the form of the Goddess Asherah. However, after the brutal “reforms” of King Josiah described in 1st and 2nd Kings in your Bible, the veneration of Sophia went underground. Josiah slaughtered all her priests and priestesses and destroyed all her shrines and places of worship. But Sophia adherents remained active in the “underground stream” for centuries even while patriarchal Christianity held total sway in the Western World. Thanks to her continuing presence in the world and her presence in the Bible, veneration of Sophia surfaced in the Eastern Christian tradition with the construction of the Hagia Sophia cathedral in Constantinople (now a Muslim museum in Instanbul). The Russian Catholic liturgical service to Sophia combined with the assumption of Mary on May 15. The Russian Orthodox Church has also begun a school of “Sophiology” to explore the thealogy (spelled with an “a”) of Sophia without contradicting the Russian Orthodox theology. https://northernway.org/sophia.html
The Gnostics considered Sophia to be the Queen of Heaven upon Her entering the Bridal Chamber:
From the Acts of Thomas, the earliest Greek edition, extract from the Ode of Sophia:
The Maiden is Light’s Daughter;
On Her the King’s Radiance resteth.
Stately, Her Look and delightsome.
With radiant beauty forth-shining.
Like unto spring-flowers are Her Garments.
From them streameth scent of sweet odour.
On the Crown of Her Head, the King throneth.
And another translation:
On the Crown of her Head the King Throneth.
Her Bridechamber shineth with Light pouring forth
scent of balsam and sweet herbs.
With Kingly Clothes shall they be clad, and put on Robes of Light.
– Wedding Song of Wisdom
The Divine Sophia is the Queen of Heaven and tomorrow, we crown Her with roses, sing Her praises, shower Her with incense, gift Her with flowers and offer Her sweet bread/cakes for: 17 we will certainly do whatever has gone out of our own mouth, to burn incense to the queen of heaven and pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done. (Jer. 44: 17, NKJV).
Let us bless the Queen of Heaven,
Blessed is She.
Mother Pamela Lanides.
2) Scroll down to the second article: https://sophiacommunity.wordpress.com/2012/02/14/house-of-wisdom-queen-of-heaven/


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Throughout the Republican primary, Donald Trump's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame has been vandalized again and again.
First came the swastika...
...then the "mute" symbol...
...and now this: a six-inch "border wall," complete with tiny razor wire.
An artist who goes by the name "Plastic Jesus" took credit for the addition to the star. This is not his first piece of anti-Trump art: he also sells "No Trump Anytime" signs.
At least this vandalism is easily removable and doesn't actually damage the star.
Benghazi survivor and former CIA operative John “Tig” Tiegen sat down to speak with The Daily Caller Tuesday in Cleveland.
The Benghazi survivors have been very vocal about their opinions on the presumptive Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton - and for good reason. Tig was one of the six military contractors stranded in Benghazi, Libya on September 11, 2012 where their call for help was never answered. Four of his fellow Americans died because of this negligence.
In the Facebook Live interview, Tiegen told The Daily Caller many of the military's best and brightest will leave if Hillary is elected. “There’s guys leaving now just because of that,” said Tiegen. “Cause they don’t know if the call for help is going to be heard.”
Tiegen spoke on the "downgrading" the Obama administration has conducted overseas and that the men in the military have a growing doubt in the government because of it.
“If you ask for help, or you need your help, you expect the military to come help you, one way or another,” said Tiegen. He then brought up a similar situation to Benghazi - an ambush on a group of marines in Afghanistan in 2013. These marines were left helpless because President Obama pulled troops put of important areas in the Middle East.
Tiegen stated the fight would remain overseas if Trump was elected, but if Clinton were to be elected we will be fighting this war on our home front.
Cleveland, OH - Reports are circulating that a large protest will take place outside of the Republican National Convention this evening. The video below shows law enforcement moving in to help reinforce the perimeter.
The latest update from sources on the ground say that all exits out of the security perimeter (except one) are sealed due to the protests, and that there have been several arrests so far.
Police begin making arrests in Cleveland; around 10 arrested so far.pic.twitter.com/UukWFONKXl— Breaking911 (@Breaking911) July 20, 2016
This piece will be updated as information comes in.
UPDATE (5:28 p.m. ET): The Revolution Communist Party was responsible for the protest flag burning outside of the convention perimeter. Video below shows Carl Dix, the party chairman, explaining why they burned the U.S. Flag.
Carl Dix (transcript of video): "...Nor do we need a continuation of the crimes of today. And that's what both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton represent. Their only difference is what's the why to keep this empire in effect, and keep it committing crimes against people here in this country and around the world..."
Police in Cleveland move in after the 'revolution club' set fire to the US flag.pic.twitter.com/xM3jzUEsT3— Breaking911 (@Breaking911) July 20, 2016
The Fifth Court of Appeals has struck down Texas' voter ID law. The court found that the law violates the Voting Rights Act and was discriminatory towards minorities. The law required residents to show a photo ID in order to vote, and did not consider a school ID to be a valid form of identification--the strictest policy in the nation.
The U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed previous rulings that the 2011 voter ID law — which stipulates the types of photo identification election officials can and cannot accept at the polls — does not comply with the Voting Rights Act.
The full court's ruling delivered the strongest blow yet to what is widely viewed as the nation’s strictest voter ID law. Under the law, most citizens (some, like people with disabilities, can be exempt) must show one of a handful of types of identification before their ballots can be counted: a state driver's license or ID card, a concealed handgun license, a U.S. passport, a military ID card, or a U.S citizenship certificate with a photo.
Texas is among nine states categorized as requiring "strict photo ID," and its list of acceptable forms is the shortest.
The law was first passed by then-Gov. Rick Perry (R) in 2011. It has faced numerous court battles since then.
Justice Don Willett, who is nearly as famous for his tweets as he is for his position on the Supreme Court of Texas, was blunt in his response: Texas loses.
In what may or may not be an indication of what we can expect when Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) steps on stage on this third night of the Republican National Convention, some of his supporters greeted Donald Trump's plane with boos as it flew into Cleveland on Wednesday afternoon.
Cruz was speaking at a rally outside of the Quicken Loans Arena when his audience spotted the Trump aircraft. It was perfect timing, as the plane came into view just as Cruz said, "Our party now has a nominee." Cruz laughed and asked his staff if they had planned it that way.
Cruz is included in the lineup of keynote speakers for Wednesday night, despite his very nasty battle with Trump during the GOP primary. In perhaps the tensest moment of the campaign, Cruz denounced his rival as a "pathological liar."
That was in May. Now, the Texas senator will be addressing a convention that has just nominated Trump as its presidential nominee.
Reports suggest Cruz will not offer his former opponent an endorsement.
U.S. Rep. Mark Takai (D-HI) passed away on Wednesday at his home in Hawaii after a short battle with pancreatic cancer. He was 49.
Freshman Rep. Mark Takai, D-Hawaii, has died, his office confirms. Had been fighting pancreatic cancer.— Ben Siegel (@benyc) July 20, 2016
Takai served in the House of Representatives since January of 2015. He had previously served 20 years in the Hawaii House of Representatives.
Our thoughts and prayers are with the Takai during this terrible time.
Editor's Note: Headline was tweaked for clarity.
Obama’s foreign policy has been bad on Syria. We have U.S.-backed militias firing on one another in the country. President Bashar al-Assad remains in power. The Russians are conducting airstrikes of their own—and now we have American supported militias beheading children (via The Clarion Project):
US-backed Syrian rebels, screaming "Allahu Akbar," brutally beheaded a child named Abdullah Issa. The shocking clip shows fighters from Nour-al-din el-Zanki telling the camera, "These are the prisoners from Liwa al-Quds (Jerusalem Brigade – a Palestinian militia group). He [Assad] can't stoop any lower. He sent us children today, are you sending us children?"
America funds Nour-al-din el-Zanki, which fights against the Assad regime.
Liwa al-Quds (The Jerusalem Brigade) is a pro-Assad Palestinian paramilitary group. The rebel group accused the boy of being a spy.
Referring to the prisoner, one jihadi says, "These are the dogs of Assad. These are your people Bashar." Another says, "We shall not leave anyone in Handarat," the Palestinian refugee camp where a battle between regime and rebel forces is currently taking place.
To shouts of "Takbir" and "Allahu Akbar," a fighter from the group saws through the neck of Abdullah Issa. In a grisly scene, he then holds the head aloft and exclaims "Allahu Akbar" several more times.
Oh, and here’s a friendly reminder: During her tenure as secretary of state, Hillary Clinton was the number one advocate of training and equipping Syrian rebels to fight Bashar al-Assad's regime in Syria. She adamantly believed that her tactics would work and bring stabilization to the region. Clinton was so confident in her plan that she even criticized Barack Obama's failure to "build up a credible fighting force" in 2014.
“The failure to help build up a credible fighting force of the people who were the originators of the protests against Assad—there were Islamists, there were secularists, there was everything in the middle—the failure to do that left a big vacuum, which the jihadists have now filled,” Clinton said.
Web Editor Justin Holcomb contributed to this post
Speaking at the American Unity Fund's "Big Tent Brunch," Olympic gold medalist-turned-reality-star Caitlyn Jenner spoke about her experiences coming out as both trans and Republican, and how she'd like to see the party evolve in the future.
Jenner (née Bruce), who came out as transgender in an interview with ABC's Diane Sawyer, initially generated more surprise when she also revealed in the interview that she was a conservative Republican. Jenner had also expressed support for Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) during the Republican primary.
"It was easy to come out as trans. It was harder to come out as a Republican," Jenner said to laughter at the brunch.
Despite her party loyalty, Jenner was not fond of efforts by Republicans to pass bills regarding bathroom usage. Jenner pointed out that more Republican politicians have been arrested for sexual misconduct in bathrooms than trans people have, and joked that perhaps the nation needs a law prohibiting politicians from bathrooms.
Watch the full video here:
Bill Rausch, the executive director of the veterans group Got Your 6, which works to promote accurate portrayals of veterans in the media, is outraged by one of Donald Trump's veterans' issues advisors, Al Baldasaro, suggesting Hillary Clinton should be shot for her history of scandals. During an interview with the "Jeff Kuhner Show," Baldasaro condemned the former secretary of state for lying to the families of Benghazi, then said the following:
“This whole thing disgusts me, Hillary Clinton should be put in the firing line and shot for treason.”
Rausch rejected Baldasaro’s remarks, calling it “completely inappropriate.”
“I’m a combat veteran – you don’t say that," he said. "You don’t put people in front of firing squads and shoot them. It goes against the ethos of every single person who’s raised their right hand and swore to defend and protect the Constitution of the United States. He should know better.”
These remarks are “especially inappropriate,” Rausch said, in light of the recent deadly shootings of police in Dallas and Baton Rouge, where two of the shooters were veterans. Rausch said the Trump campaign needs to denounce Baldasaro's words.
“That’s damaging us as a community,” Rausch said. “It’s got to be condemned. We’re calling on them to condemn it immediately. There’s just no place for this.”
Not only should the Trump camp roundly denounce his remarks, but Rausch insisted they should “make sure he no longer speaks on behalf of the campaign.” He should not be associated with it “whatsoever.”
“If we made progress this week, it sets us back,” Rausch said.
Day One of the RNC was termed “Make America Safe Again” and featured several keynote speakers who were either veterans or family members of veterans. “They set the bar high” for the DNC convention to reach in Philadelphia next week, Rausch noted.
On Tuesday, they weren’t able to dig deeper into the veterans’ policies mentioned on Monday because the news was dominated by the reports of plagiarism in Melania Trump’s speech. Now, they are having to deal with Baldasaro’s unfortunate comments.
It “damages the campaign’s effort,” Rausch said. There have been some really great members of the Trump campaign he’s been working with who he “can’t imagine they would even condone this.”
The Trump campaign has yet to respond to Got Your 6’s requests for comment.
Cleveland, OHIO – Walking around the convention floor during New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie’s address last night, “lock her up” chants were going strong. While these were uttered during the tail end of the convention’s program with Lt. Gen Michael Flynn’s address on Monday, this was during primetime. The governor went on a tear against the former Secretary of State, offering his own indictment against her policies and asking the delegates and attendees if Clinton is guilty or not guilty as he went down a list of her failures. It was brutal.
“Lock her up” has become the de facto battle cry for the Republican National Convention. Cortney wrote how some members of the GOP are unnerved by these antics. Sen. Jeff Flake (R-AZ) tweeted that we can beat Clinton without “jumping the shark” on hoping that Clinton gets put in jail.
On CNN last night, former Cruz communications director Amanda Carpenter was actually taken aback by the chants, and disconcerted that a former U.S. Attorney—Christie—would be part of this developing convention narrative that wishes to see the candidate from the opposing party be thrown in jail. The aurora of the roundtable discussion last night was that such optics cheapens his legal credentials.
Aaron Blake of The Washington Post noted that even Christie was a bit uncomfortable with the crowd’s chants during MSNBC’s Morning Joe this morning:
I think the problem is that, you know, people get -- in my party often get so angry about her that they yell and they scream and they use kind of, you know, divisive language that doesn't get to the core of my problem with her." Asked if he was referring to "lock her up," Christie said, "Right. Right."
Unless Trump is going to make America work again by making Republicans prison guards for Democrats, I don't know what the big jobs plan is.— Amanda Carpenter (@amandacarpenter) July 20, 2016
.@HillaryClinton now belongs in prison? C'mon. We can make the case that she shouldn't be elected without jumping the shark.— Jeff Flake (@JeffFlake) July 20, 2016
The theme of last night was Make America Work Again, though it was mostly an attack on Clinton. So, for the Republicans who wanted to see more policy, sorry to say that really wasn’t in the cards last night—or any night since Trump began his presidential race. He has delivered some speeches on policy regarding energy and trade, but last night was overwhelmingly an attack Clinton night. Speaker Ryan got the crowd going with calls for unity after Trump had officially become the nominee earlier that evening, though that sense of unity emanates from the GOP’s hatred of Clinton.
Here’s the thing: from here on out—it’s going to be a bloodbath between Trump and Clinton. Both are unpopular. Both have bases of support from voters who are supporting them, not necessarily due to their position on policy, but because they can’t stand the thought of either Clinton or Trump winning in November. Yet, for all of the wrangling over lack of policy at the RNC, the Democratic National Convention shouldn’t be any different since Clinton has taken the attack Trump stance rather than offering an alternate agenda. So, if you’re going to bash Republicans for not talking policy in Cleveland, just recognize that Democrats aren’t really doing that either. They’re mocking Trump over his business deals, or calling him the most dangerous candidate for the presidency…ever.
As for the “lock her up” chants, FBI Director James Comey said that Clinton and her staff were “extremely careless” in their handling of classified information, and then opted not to indict. You can bet more than a few Republicans would be angry about that.
ICYMI: Rachel Maddow Had To Issue A Trigger Warning During Her RNC Coverage...Over Campaign Buttons | Matt Vespa
Debbie Wasserman Schultz Will Not Preside Over Democratic National Convention Due To Email Leak UPDATE: She's Stepping Down After The Convention | Christine Rousselle
There Are Better Ways To Express Gratitude For Law Enforcement Than What This Illinois GOP Delegate Did | Matt Vespa
McAuliffe To Circumvent VA Supreme Court Ruling On Felon Voter Rights, Will Issue 200,000 Clemency Grants | Matt Vespa

domain: news


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How Being Kind Helps You, Too
During the COVID pandemic, are you (somehow) managing to get in your 10,000 steps a day, eat a nutritious, well-balanced diet and get enough sleep, but you still need to lower your blood pressure or reduce stress? Now is the perfect time to explore something that may be missing from your health regimen:
Studies have shown that putting the well-being of others before our own without expecting anything in return stimulates the reward centers of the brain. Those feel-good chemicals flood our system, producing a “helper’s high.” Volunteering, for example, has been shown to minimize stress and improve depression. One reason for this, experts say, is because kindness contributes to our sense of community and belonging. And that, studies have found, is a key contributor to a healthy, longer life.
The challenge many of us are facing today is how to show kindness from a physical distance. Quarantining during the pandemic means that traditional ways of volunteering in person are on hold. The good news is that the type of support that can be helpful to both giver and receiver can be given in a variety of small and big ways while protecting yourself and others from infection. It can include giving money or time to a cause. Or it can be as simple as a phone call, running an errand, giving advice or just lending a listening ear.
To serve communities hit the hardest by the pandemic, you can:
- Write letters to boost the spirits of seniors in hospitals and nursing homes who are especially feeling the emotional toll of isolation. Reach out to your local nursing homes, hospice programs, or hospitals to see how you can help.
- Provide support through a virtual hotline, many of which are overwhelmed with callers who are dealing with the emotional toll of the pandemic. The Suicide Prevention Hotline and the Crisis Text Line are two organizations to consider.
- Help deliver meals to vulnerable populations, especially the elderly and immunocompromised, for whom a trip to the grocery store can be life-threatening. Requests for meals from Meals on Wheels has skyrocketed and you can learn how to help here.
- Run errands for immunocompromised neighbors, who, in addition to food, may also need toiletries, a prescription picked up, or a package delivered to the post office.
Finally, volunteering doesn’t have to take over your life to be beneficial. In fact, research shows that just two to three hours per week, or about 100 hours a year, can confer the most benefits—to both you and your chosen cause. The important thing is to volunteer only the amount of time that feels comfortable to you. Volunteering should feel a fun and rewarding, not another chore on your to-do list.

domain: psychology


Do you know the three most common sustainability strategies and how to use them to brainstorm sustainable solutions?
In 2015 the United Nations approved 17 sustainable development goals to be reached by 2030. They are a collection of global goals designed to be a „blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all“ (United Nations, 2015). One of the goals, number 12, is to enhance responsible production and consumption.
„Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.“
(United Nations, 2015).
This target focuses on environmentally friendly production methods, reducing the amount of waste, adopting sustainable business practices, and publishing sustainability reports.
So how can we achieve this goal?
There exist three main strategies for converting existing business practices to more sustainable forms:
1. Efficiency Strategy
2. Consistency (Circular economy)
3. Sufficiency Strategy
Let us have a short look at these strategies:
1. Efficiency Strategy
Less resource- and energy consumption through improved technology
The efficiency strategy focuses on a significant increase in resource- and energy efficiency through the development of new technologies, production methods, and process optimizations. An example of this strategy is energy efficiency in fridges. Due to new technologies, the energy consumption of a single refrigerator is much smaller now than it was some years ago.
But there exists something called rebound effect that can slow down the gains of that strategy. The rebound effect regarding the fridge example is that nowadays more people are buying fridges worldwide than some years ago. So despite the increased energy efficiency of the single fridge, the overall energy consumption of refrigerators is growing.
2. Consistency Strategy „Circular economy“
Resources flow circularly in closed loops; renewable resources generate energy
On the contrary, the consistency strategy does not aim to reduce resource- or energy use. Instead, this strategy proposes a circular flow of resources where materials are kept in closed loops. The concept of waste does not exist; waste is seen as resources. All energy needed comes from renewable resources like wind, sun, or water.
One great example of using this strategy is the company Circos who has introduced a subscription model for baby clothing and maternity wear where members pay a monthly fee to access a range of high-quality clothing from different brands, delivered to their door.
The clothes are returned when outgrown and cleaned and reused. Worn-out garments are recycled into something new. This business concept reduces the environmental impact and resource use because usually in the first two years of life, a child needs around 280 pieces of clothing that are mostly worn only for two or three months. These clothes are often ending up in landfills, losing their value, and creating environmental impacts.
By using a circular model, fashion businesses are incited to make higher quality, more durable clothing, also considering that more revenue can be made through multiple reuse cycles.
Difficulties in implementing this strategy can be the material choices for long-lasting use, as well as the collection of the materials after the use phase.
For example, consumers who do not use the offered take-back strategies can again lead to throw away resources.
3. Sufficiency Strategy „Wellbeing instead of well having“
Focuses on consumer and user behavior to decrease absolute resource and energy consumption.
The sufficiency strategy focuses on well-being instead of having a lot of possessions. So the individual forgoes a lot of goods and consumption.
Well-being is defined here by qualitative goals like community, solidarity, individual self-fulfillment, and a healthy natural environment. This strategy can transform the way people access goods and services by matching people who need specific items with those willing to provide them.
A popular example is the sharing of power tools like a drilling machine in the neighborhood, where a little sign on the letterbox displays the neighbors who have which device somebody has available for sharing. In that way, the resources for tools are reduced, and the use of the resources is expanded.
The main difficulty in implementing the sufficiency strategy is that it depends on individual consumer decisions, and not all people are willing to reduce their amount of possessions voluntarily.
Conclusion and let`s take action!
Even though each strategy has its challenges when being implemented into real life, they are excellent guides to change and rethink the way we create products and businesses. And by combining them, even further sustainable solutions can be found.
So now let us take action by starting your eco-design brainstorming activity.
Try the Eco-innovation strategy brainstorming. This brainstorming exercise uses these strategies to debelope sustainable ideas and solutions.
You can download the exercise below or read the article about it here>


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Summer has arrived in Cape Town and thanks to Llandudno Surf Lifesaving Club, Volunteers Direct continues with our weekly swimming project for the kids of Imizano Yethu Township in Hout Bay.
Cape Town is surrounded by beautiful beaches, including Hout Bay and it is vital that all children learn to swim and have confidence in the water.
The swimming lessons started 3 years ago with the help from swim instructor Juliette Ball. We meet every Thursday afternoon, throughout the summer until Easter, from 1600 to 1800 at the Kronendal Primary School pool.
Volunteers Direct has taught over 50 kids to swim proficiently over the past 3 years. Many started with a fear of deep water, clutching onto the side of the pool. They can now be seen swimming half a dozen lengths and more.
The idea is that the keen swimmers join Llandudno Surf Lifesaving Club, and we currently have a couple of the children training on the beach, with the club, every Sunday morning. Two years ago one of the boys from the township Gift, took part in the Lifesaving National Championships in Durban.
Sponsors have donated 30 sets of girls and boys bathing costumes to this project and we have been given 3 surfboards and 3 bodyboards so that the kids can enjoy their time on the beach during the long hot summer.
Two of the boys, Bopo and Sean, are now surfing regularly down at Hout Bay beach.

domain: hobby


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NELLORE: CPI(M) general secretary Prakash Karat has called upon the party cadre and the agriculture workers’ union (AIAWU) to intensify ‘Bhoo Poratams’ to fulfil the dreams Puchalapalli Sundaraiah.
Mr. Karat, along Union’s State secretary P. Somaiah, party leader and participant of Telangana armed struggle Mallu Swarajyam, AIAWA leader Paturi Ramaiah, MLC Vitapu Balasubramanyam, former MP Midiam Babu Rao and others paid homage to late Sundaraiah, who formed the AIAWU in Alaganipadu village in Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district in 1934.
Speaking at the 75th anniversary of AIAWU here on Tuesday, he criticised the Congress for encouraging privatisation and liberalisation which was affecting the lives of unorganised workers.
Successive governments were exploiting workers and stopped investments in rural areas. In the last five years, the income of rich sections like contractors and corporate company managements has gone to Rs.10 lakh crore from Rs.3.54 lakh crore, he said.
As the drought was severe in half of the States, the government should remove 100 days ceiling for work under NREGS and provide works as per the requirement of the agriculture workers in villages.
He alleged that the government had waived Rs. 4 lakh crore for capitalists. Launching an attack on BJP, Mr. Karat said the BJP, which was facing severe crisis, was requesting the RSS to take full control of the party.
He criticised the Congress and the Trinamool Congress parties for joining hands with Maoists in West Bengal, Kerala and Tripura and launching attacks on CPI (M), which was having good support from agrarian sector.
Earlier, the party leaders took out rally in the city and paid tributes to Mudigonda victims.


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Ever since Kate Middleton landed in Sydney (and made her Diane von Furstenberg wrap dress sell out in eight minutes flat), she and Prince William hit what seemed like a bajillion stops on their first day in town.
Capt. Lee Joon Seok has been charged in connection with the ferry's sinking Lee says he left the helm briefly "to tend to something'' in his cabin Jindo, South Korea (CNN) -- [Breaking news update, 9:13 p.m. ET] Divers have made their way to the fourth deck of the sunken South Korean ferry Sewol, where the have found three corpses, according to the South Korean coast guard.
The incident was caught on cellphone video by a customer in the parking lot.
Russian surveillance planes already fly over America, thanks to a long-standing treaty. But a new, ultra-sophisticated spy plane has U.S. military and intelligence bosses spooked.
Lily is a 10-year-old Akita who spent her life as a guard dog protecting her family's store. Lily's owner, Lorrie R., tells KittyArmy.com that she was recently taking Lily for a walk in a heavily wooded park behind a train station near their home in south Florida. One day, Lily began sniffing around the bushes and discovered a 2-week-old kitten left all alone. Lorrie took the poor kitty to the Humane Society for help, but was told that the feline would be put down if left there, since the kitten wasn't weaned.
The royal family’s tour of New Zealand and Australia has been endlessly entertaining. But with more than a week left of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge’s Down Under adventure we may have already witnessed their best moment yet. While the pair was attending the Sydney Royal Easter Show, the Duchess put up her, well, dukes and took a jab at her husband’s thinning head of hair.
Prince George crawls, has a voice that could “match any lion’s roar,” according to his dad, and sells out any stroller, romper or shoes he’s spotted in. What’s not to love? Nothing according to one young cougar who wore her heart on her sleeve,...
Kate Middleton and Prince William almost always appear uncannily cheerful and calm when they’re out in public, even in the midst of bizarre photo ops or among wild crowds. So it is surprising (and somewhat unsettling) that, during this recent tour of Aust
Several behemoths, including Apple, the largest U.S. company by market value, as well as Microsoft
Rengan Rajaratnam, the younger brother of imprisoned hedge fund manager Raj Rajaratnam, on Friday lost a
Jules Melancon, the last remaining oyster fisherman on an island dotted with colorful houses on stilts
Apr 18, 2014
NEW YORK (AP) — Miley Cyrus is postponing her U.S. tour while she recovers from an allergic reaction to
HONOLULU (AP) — Credit card receipts, telephone records and production schedules show that "X-Men"
ARACATACA, Colombia (AP) — Gabriel Garcia Marquez and his homeland had a relationship as conflicted as any
Before the celebration of a resurrection on Easter , Christians pay respect and remember sacrifice. In
The Tribeca Film Festival is getting iBeaconified. The annual film festival is taking advantage of one of
The 2014 NBA playoffs will miss Craig Sager. TNT's star sideline reporter is out for the postseason to


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WEATHER FROM OUR SPONSORS
SHERIDAN — The Brinton Museum, Science Kids and the Big Horn Audubon will present the next monthly “Birding at the Brinton” on Saturday.
This free morning of bird watching will run from 9-11 a.m at the Brinton Museum.
All ages and abilities are welcome to join.
Participants are encouraged to bring binoculars if they have them.
For more information contact the Sarah at the Science Kids at 763-0976 or email email@example.com.
The museum is located at 239 Brinton Road, Big Horn.
Latest posts by Outside Contributor (see all)
- Column: Putting a Senate bully in his place - July 31, 2015
- Column: Experiencing the Bozeman Trail - July 31, 2015
- Community Perspectives: Wyo. Business Alliance, community leaders discuss what makes Sheridan unique - July 31, 2015


I am trying to extrude a surface using a C# script. I’ve created a breb surface but can’t find a way to add a thickness in order to create a tile like element similar to the one below. The component has to be made in C# - what is the best way to do this?
ExtrudeSurface.gh (10.7 KB)
Thanks in advance!


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Mike Henson grew up in Zimbabwe, but after bobbing around the world, has ended up on a little island off the south coast of England. Mike and his wife have three children, who they suspect might be monkeys, and secret plans to steal a baby hippo (it hasn't happened yet—and probably won't—ever!). Mike loves to create—stories, pictures, songs and mess in the kitchen. As an author, illustrator, and designer his main workspace is a little caravan in the garden, crammed full of books, sketch pads, pencils, and other nonsense. Barbara Bakos grew up on the suburb of Budapest next to a little forest. She graduated as an animation director at the Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design Budapest, but she always knew that she wanted to spend more time as an illustrator. She has a big passion for creating worlds with her characters, making up how they work together within an atmosphere, what they feel, and what the story is behind them.
Es gelten unsere Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen: www.buecher.de/agb
www.buecher.de ist ein Shop der buecher.de GmbH & Co. KG Bürgermeister-Wegele-Str. 12, 86167 Augsburg Amtsgericht Augsburg HRA 13309

domain: artistic


Main / Adventure / Hollywood undead we are instrumental
Hollywood undead we are instrumental
Name: Hollywood undead we are instrumental
File size: 588mb
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Monday, October 12, 2009
No danger from Al Qaeda to Maldives – Dr. Shaheed
Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr Ahmed Shaheed has said that Maldives will not face any dangers from terrorist organizations like Al Qaeda owing to Maldives’ announcement to strengthen diplomatic ties with Israel Dr. Shaheed said this responding to a question asked by Miadhu Daily.
Highlighting the points noted in the letter sent by Dhivehi Qaumee Party (DQP) to President Mohamed Nasheed, Dr Shaheed said that it was a “crazy” thought that Al Qaeda would attack Maldives because of its ties with Israel.
“How many people have we invited to Maldives, who were hot terror targets? Kadirmagar was a guest of the government. How many times did he visit Maldives? Kumaaratunga came to Maldives three times. Yaasir Arafat also came to Maldives. We never saw any bomb blasts when they came here. Where would we run back then if such a terror attack happened? American ambassador always visits Maldives. That’s a high target but nothing has happened so far. So we don’t face any such threats just because we have decided to openly conduct diplomatic relations with Israel.” said Dr.Shaheed
Rejecting the false conclusions derived by DQP that we may face attacks due to relations with Israel, Foreign Minister said that from the actions of Al Qaeda, it is clear that they do not attack countries which establish relations with Israel.
Dr Shaheed further said, “We have to first understand just where Al Qaeda is operating. Afghanistan is their base and their presence is wide spread in Pakistan. Then, we hear from news that there are Al Qaeda cells in Irag and that they may travel to Comoros islands. Al Qaeda exists in Indonesia, they may go to Malaysia, Singapore, India and they are making their nest in Bangladesh. There maybe Al Qaeda presence in Sri Lanka and Maldives. But have you heard of any attacks to Israel from these people?”
Further explaining why there won’t be any dangers from terrorists to Maldives, Dr.Shaheed said, “When Al Qaeda attacked Indonesia who did they target? Their first target was Americans and the second target was just Muslims. Among Muslims they target people who do not accept their ideologies. So we can say that Al Qaeda is not attacking Jews or Israel or countries which establish relations with Israel but to Muslims who do not heed to their fundamentalists ideas.”
In the letter sent by DQP to President Nasheed concerning Maldives – Israel ties, Dr. Shaheed’s name also cropped up.
“Speaking truthfully, I have to say that when I was the Foreign Minister in Maumoon’s government, we had much closer ties with Israel than now.”
He further noted that the number of Israeli’s and Jews coming to Maldives has not decreased before or even now and that a number of Jews has even invested in Maldives.
Field visits were carried out to the various units of Forensic Department and different tools used in forensic work were also shown. The units visited were forensic Laboratory, Finger Print and Document and Digital Evidence unit.


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Sen. Joe Manchin (D-WV) made it clear that he’s done with the debate surrounding the now-hated filibuster, and vowed not to eliminate or weaken the critical Senate process in response to challenges from fellow Democrats to end the practice.
“The filibuster is a critical tool to protecting [minority] input and our democratic form of government,” Manchin wrote. He argued the need to “usher [in] a new era of bipartisanship where we find common ground on the major policy debates facing our nation.”
Manchin splashes ice water on filibuster reform AND multi-reconciliation …
“I simply do not believe budget reconciliation should replace regular order in the Senate.” https://t.co/b2cjRlGeSs
— Burgess Everett (@burgessev) April 7, 2021
The Senate filibuster requires a supermajority of 60 votes to pass most legislation. Many Democrats have pushed for a removal of the filibuster to require only a simply majority.
Democrats own a razor-thin lead in the current Senate. The 50-50 tie sides with the left only due to Vice President Kamala Harris as the tie breaking vote.
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) noted Republicans faced the same issue when they controlled the Senate:
Four years ago, Republicans had just won unified control. President Trump and others pressured us heavily to scrap this rule when it was protecting Democrats. But we stood firm. I stood firm. I said we would not do that to our colleagues. No short-term policy win justifies destroying the Senate as we know it. Especially since laws would become so brittle and reversible.
Fellow Democrat Senator Kyrsten Sinema (AZ) has also sided with Manchin to deny changes to the filibuster. She has challenged senators to “change their behavior” instead of changing the rules.
The filibuster issue remains central to the Senate as the legislators face several critical issues passed by the Democrat-controlled House. Among these are gun control laws and efforts at voting integrity.

domain: law


Littleton, Mass.—XP Power says its DNR family of slimline DIN-rail power supplies for factory automation and industrial process control deliver more power than similarly sized supplies or, alternatively, shrink system size for a given power level. The single-phase AC/DC units, in 25 basic models (total of 70 variations), deliver from 5 to 240 watts at 5 to 48 volts from a universal input. The supplies, which measure as small as 3.48-by-0.89-by-4.53 inches (HWD, 5-18 watt models; 5.59-by-by-3.27-by-4.57 inches for 240 watt models) are also lower in cost than existing products, according to the company.
The DNRs feature a line regulation of ±1 percent or better, load regulation of ±2 percent (±5 percent for 120 and 240 watt units in parallel), and ripple and noise of 100 mV p-p. Efficiency ranges between 84 and 90 percent (at 12 volts, 30-watt models or higher). Output range is adjustable over a wide range; for the 24-volt units, the range is from 21.6 to 30 volts. These units are rated for operation over of -10 to +70°C, with full power up to +60°C. The power supply is also capable of 70 percent of full power at +70°C. MTBF is 200 khours as per MIL-HDBK-217F at +40°C. All units have built in over-voltage and over-load protection.
The 240-watt models come with power factor correction as standard. Options available include spring clip or screw connections to simplify wiring, detachable connectors to reduce MTTR (mean time to repair), and a PFC (power factor correction) option on the 120-watt models.
The DNR supplies are approved to EN60950 for ITE and UL508 for industrial applications. The majority of models up to 60 watts are also approved to UL1310, making them compliant to NEC Class 2 rating. Additionally, the units meet EN61000-3-2,-3 and Level B performance for conducted emissions.
Click here for additional information. These supplies are priced starting at $22 for the 5-watt models to $79 each for the 240-watt models. Contact Duane Darrow.
XP Power, 1-978-287-7260, www.xppower.com


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An individual who is allergic to okra might develop symptoms after eating or via direct handling. Additionally, one might be highly sensitive to other related foods if allergic to the food.
Is it a food allergy?
Food allergies are brought about by the erratic response of the immune system. If highly sensitive to a certain food, the immune system starts to fight it off with antibodies and chemicals. The release of these chemicals initiates the allergy symptoms all over the body.
What are the signs?
The indications of okra allergy often arise after consumption. The signs of a food allergy generally include:
- Mouth tingling
- Nasal congestion
- Swollen lips, face, tongue and throat
In rare instances, anaphylaxis can arise which involves systemic inflammation that leads to the obstruction of the esophagus, trachea and eventually lead to shock.
Management of reactions to okra
The simplest way to manage an allergic reaction is to avoid consumption or directly handling. Individuals who are highly sensitive to okra might also be allergic to althea tea, cottonseed oil and meal as well as gumbo since these foods have similarities to okra.
In some instances, a mild allergy can be managed using antihistamines and other anti-allergy medications. A doctor must be consulted if an allergy is suspected to determine a suitable treatment plan.

domain: medical


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To us, “helping other people ecolonomically” means fostering the establishment of community systems that are both sustainable and profitable. HOPE for the hopeless is a program that equips you with the skills and knowledge you and/or your group need in your endeavor to teach a community to feed itself. We work together with you and residents in the given community to design a sustainable food system that fits the local geography, resources, and culture. HOPE for the hopeless is committed to effective, long-term action. We intend to have trained, passionate people on-site for as long as they are needed.
Our mission statement pledges to empower those in need rather than entitle them. Whatever methods our projects implement are only as sustainable as their sources, and we know that the individuals in the community itself are the most capable actors in efforts to improve local health and nutrition when given the right tools. Every community is different and thus projects vary accordingly, but this mantra of empowerment is at the heart of every HOPE project.
Looking to the past, we know that ideas and framework are not enough, and that significant time and follow-through are key to effective work. This is why with history in mind, we look to the future. We do not simply drop off food and consider a box checked. We take on projects committed to fostering sustainable knowledge to feed people for generations to come–entrepreneurs who make it their business to feed the world. Today’s commitment to action becomes tomorrow’s success story.
We know never to underestimate the importance of context. Just because one type of food or food production method works in one location does not mean it will work in another. Culture, along with local climate, native ecology and other specifying factors determine the appropriate sustenance and technology for a given project. Bringing corn, wheat and cattle everywhere in the world is not the answer, it is not ecolonomic. We want to help establish systems that will work to feed the local people.
The entire HOPE process starts at home. We are looking for sponsoring organizations that want to learn about and engage in sustainable practices that work on a number of different levels–from backyard to community. We want to share hands-on experience and knowledge that will yield organized and effective project implementation. If you or your organization are interested in learning how to create urban gardens, grow food at home affordably, use aquaponic technology, alternative waste production technology, or worm culture compost production, HOPE offers this instruction and much more. Whether you have a project in mind or one currently under way, don’t hesitate to get in touch. You can make the world a better place, and we can help.

domain: agronomy


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Shake Dem Halloween Bones Your Complete Online Halloween Store for Shake Dem Halloween Bones - TOP Halloween deals, coupon codes, discount offers, and sales.
Singer-Songwriter, Guitarist, and Elementary Music Teacher Jamie Barrett created an original melody for this story by W. Nikola-Lisa. Illustrations by Mike Reed. It's a favorite of his and he has enjoyed singing it to his music classes since 1999.
The Kiboomers - Skeleton Dance! Halloween songs! Halloween music for kids! Shake dem Halloween Bones! ★Get this song on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/preschool-halloween-songs/id701282559 Kid Song Lyrics, Music & Video. 3,000+ Children Songs to Discover on http://bussongs.com/ Watch...
Need a little inspiration for your Halloween costume this year? Try this Popular Products: Johnny Depp Characters Halloween, Mens Ww2 Costume, Halloween Costume Purple Skirt, 11 Halloween Costumes, Pink Pirate Eye Patch - compare prices and find the best Halloween Deals for shopping online.
MegaCostum.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc. or one of its affiliates.

domain: entertainment


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Mark Matcham is our latest new and exciting young creative from england, to share his graphic design work. Another designer still emerging his work more than stands on its own in quality and creativity.
Today feature to kick off the week is Chris Mizen, a recent graduate his graphic design work is inspirational and deserves to be shared on the design juices pages.
Today we share the ‘NIKE Trois Gear’ Project by Herald Ureña. ‘This project deals with keeping a product family identity through a series of individual objects.’
Time and money to make as unique a design as possible to generate as much interest as possible, here we showcase some of the most original and exciting poster designs.
An almost essential, yet somewhat counter-intuitive, argument about social media is its very nature requires a degree of homogenization.
In our careers as Graphic Designers, in whatever subcategory we find ourselves, we are in a constant struggle with the industry that allows a large amount of amateur activity within its ranks. Allowing amateurs within the ranks is by no means a bad thing, as we were all amateurs at one point. No one was […]
wallpaper, august, tom hartley, august wallpaper, august 2012, tom hartley wallpaper, design juices wallpaper, graphic design, inspiration,
Although only a recent graduate I still believe Emma Thorpe’s work is shows a huge amount of quality, I love her Coast to Coast Illustration.
Elaine Li is a recent graduate based out of Chicago, but has also spent time in Australia and originally was born and raised in Hong Kong. I really love her fashion photography, but she has some brilliant graphic design and visual communication work.


After announcing its new gaming laptop at the Consumer Electronics Show 2019 in Las Vegas, Samsung also launched its new Samsung Notebook 9 Pro convertible which comes with fixes for issues present in the previous model.
First thing first — the look. The Notebook 9 is now looking more like a premium flagship laptop. The company has ditched sloping curves and painted plastic in favor of sharper edges and aluminum build which actually looks and like aluminum.
The design changes made by the South Korean company is a big step forward and makes it feel like a true flagship laptop from the company — something that was missing in the previous model.
Coming to the specifications, the Samsung Notebook 9 Pro comes with a 13.3-inch Full HD (1080p) display that is now surrounded by thinner bezels. It is powered by a quad-core 8th-generation Intel Core i7-8565U processor and packs 8GB of RAM and 256GB of PCIe NVMe SSD storage.
As for connectivity ports, there are two Thunderbolt 3 USB Type-C ports on one side of the case, and a regular USB-C port, a headphone jack, and a microSD card slot on the other side. The power button comes embedded with Windows Hello fingerprint reader.
The Samsung Notebook 9 Pro is a 2-in-1 convertible device with a touchscreen that can be flipped around to convert into a tablet. The company is including an “Active Pen” stylus in the box for sketching and jotting down notes.
The laptop measures 12.1 x 8.1 x 0.55 inches and weighs 2.84 lbs. As for the battery, it is powered by a 55Wh battery that supports fast charging. Samsung has not yet revealed information regarding the pricing and exact availability dates for the Notebook 9 Pro. However, the company has said that it will be available in early 2019.
For more CES 2019 coverage, check out this link.


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Wotend History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
- Origins Available:
The history of the Wotend family goes back to the ancient Anglo-Saxon culture of Britain. It is derived from the family living in the county of Kent. Their name, however, is derived from the Old English words wudu, meaning wood, and tun, meaning enclosure or settlement, and indicates that the original bearer of the name lived in a town by a wood. "Besides parishes in many counties, there are innumerable manors, hamlets, and single houses in England so called. The word is Anglo-Saxon, and signifies the woody enclosure."
There are numerous places named Wooton throughout Britain, the oldest is Wooton Bassett in Wiltshire that dates back to 680, followed by Wooton Wawen in Warwickshire that dates back to 716-37 and is obviously a Anglo-Saxon place name.
Early Origins of the Wotend family
The surname Wotend was first found in Kent where they held a family seat at Marlay, before and after the Norman Conquest in 1066. By the Hundredorum Rolls of 1273, the name was scattered throughout Britain as in Robert de Wottone and Thomas de Wodeton in Devon, Fredeshet de Wottone in Buckinghamshire, John atte Wodeton in London and John de Wodeton or John de Wutton in Oxfordshire.
"Wotton, [in the parish of Landrake, Cornwall] which was formerly a seat belonging to an ancient family of the same name, has been totally demolished; but the estate connected with the house was carried with the heiress of Wotton to a branch of the Courtenays, after which it passed in a similar manner to the family of Rowse. "
Early History of the Wotend family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Wotend research. Another 87 words (6 lines of text) covering the years 1497, 1567, 1541, 1567, 1489, 1551, 1521, 1587, 1521, 1587, 1548, 1628, 1616, 1618, 1604, 1620, 1587, 1630, 1568, 1639, 1682, 1764, 1582, 1669 and 1607 are included under the topic Early Wotend History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Wotend Spelling Variations
Until quite recently, the English language has lacked a definite system of spelling rules. Consequently, Anglo-Saxon surnames are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. Changes in Anglo-Saxon names were influenced by the evolution of the English language, as it incorporated elements of French, Latin, and other languages. Although Medieval scribes and church officials recorded names as they sounded, so it is common to find one person referred to by several different spellings of his surname, even the most literate people varied the spelling of their own names. Variations of the name Wotend include Wooton, Wootton, Wootten, Wooten, Wooter, Wouters and others.
Early Notables of the Wotend family (pre 1700)
Notables of this surname at this time include: Nicholas Wotton (c. 1497-1567), an English diplomat, Ambassador to France during the reign of Mary, Dean of Canterbury (1541-1567); and his brother, Sir Edward Wotton (1489-1551), Treasurer of Calais and a privy councillor to Edward VI of England; Thomas Wotton (1521-1587), Sheriff of Kent; Thomas Wotton (1521-1587); and his son, Edward Wotton, 1st Baron Wotton (1548-1628), an English diplomat and administrator, Lord of...
Another 71 words (5 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Wotend Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Wotend family
Searching for a better life, many English families migrated to British colonies. Unfortunately, the majority of them traveled under extremely harsh conditions: overcrowding on the ships caused the majority of the immigrants to arrive diseased, famished, and destitute from the long journey across the ocean. For those families that arrived safely, modest prosperity was attainable, and many went on to make invaluable contributions to the development of the cultures of the new colonies. Research into the origins of individual families in North America revealed records of the immigration of a number of people bearing the name Wotend or a variant listed above: Richard Wooten settled in Virginia in 1642; Mary Wootten settled in New England in 1689; Edward Wootten settled in Virginia in 1663; Robert Wooten settled in Barbados in 1694.
- Lower, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print.
- Mills, A.D., Dictionary of English Place-Names. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-19-869156-4)
- Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
- Hutchins, Fortescue, The History of Cornwall, from the Earliest Records and Traditions to the Present Time. London: William Penaluna, 1824. Print

domain: history


The Indigenous People of Biafra ( IPOB) on Sunday said a sovereign state of Biafra would soon be actualised following the launch of its liaison office in Catatonia, a region in northeastern Spain.
The group said the office was officially inaugurated on Saturday June, 12, 2022.
Recall that Catalonia had through a resolution that was passed by the parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017 declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic.
The declaration did not receive recognition from the international community.
But IPOB in a statement by its Media and Publicity Secretary, Emma Powerful said the establishment of a liaison office in Catatonia was a quantum leap in the redemption of the defunct Biafra Republic that fought for its independence from Nigeria between 1967-1970.
The group reiterated that it had no hands in the insecurity ravaging the Southeast geopolitical zone, restating that, ” The Nigeria Government and its security agencies especially the terrorists in military uniform and deployed in Biafraland are the key actors in the kidnapping and the unprovoked killings in the region.”
The statement partly reads: “We wish to inform Biafrans, friends of Biafra and lovers of freedom across the globe that IPOB has secured a liaison office and officially inaugurated same on Saturday 12th June, 2022.
“The feat is another indication that Biafrans are ready and going home anytime soon and we are going to show the world that IPOB remains resolute and peaceful in the pursuit for Biafra liberation and only in a peaceful strategy can achieve the aims which is the only way to seek for total freedom from a country like Nigeria.
“Nigeria Government and her security operatives with enormous resources within their reach which includes, logistics, money, consultation with British manpower within their reach strategically schemes perfect ways to consistently incriminate IPOB and ESN activities which transcend beyond the boundaries of Nigeria to Kenya from where our great leader Mazi Nnamdi Kanu, a (British Citizen) was kidnapped and extraordinarily renditioned since one year ago and no one says a word even Britain where he chose to become citizen of their country.
“The leadership of IPOB commends Biafrans, more especially IPOB members in Catalonia, for their efforts towards securing the office in Catalonia. Also encourages other members in the diaspora to secure other offices in their respective countries for IPOB and Biafra nation for strategic use shortly.
“IPOB members in Catalonia has made us proud in their country of residence and their contributions which is in small measures towards restoration of Biafra would surely not be regretted.
“We want to let everyone know that Biafra will soon emerge and all those doubting Thomases among us thinking that Biafra is not coming would be perplexed and some would proceed on shameful self exile when Biafra eventually comes.”


Jonathan Too Weak to Fight Corruption-- Edwin Clarke
Former Federal Commissioner for Information and South South leader, Chief Edwin Clark, on Wednesday, disclosed that former President Goodluck Jonathan meant well for the country, but the will power to fight corruption was not there, adding that ‘being a gentleman is not enough to govern this country’
He also said he is quitting partisan politics but would play the role of an Elder Statesman, who would be a father to all. The former Federal Commissioner disclosed that he was saying farewell to partisan politics, just as he said that with this move, he would no longer be a member of any registered political party, but would now play the role of an Elder Statesman.
Chief Clark who clocked 88 earlier this year, decided to quit partisan politics. He was an active voice in the campaign for the re-election of his political god-son and candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Goodluck Jonathan, prior to the March 28 Presidential election.
Chief Clark who urged all Nigerians to think of Nigeria first above any personal interest, stressed that it was unfortunate that most politicians in the country do not think of Nigeria first, said, “I no longer belong to the PDP. I won’t go to the APC either, but I will continue to talk as an elder statesman and leader of this country. I have left politics. If anyone come to me to say he’s running for any elective position in PDP or APC, I won’t support you. I’m not a member of the PDP anymore.
He reiterated his support for Buhari’s anti-corruption crusade, urging Nigerians to stop talking about sectional or selective justice in the fight against corruption. He said this is in the best interest of the country. He claimed selective justice would only draw Nigeria back and place the country far behind other nations the world over.
In his words: “It is not everything done by the opponent that is wrong. I will therefore support the policies that are for the good of the country because Nigeria belongs to all of us.” He continued, "We are all to support him, particularly in his determination to eradicate corruption in Nigeria. For eight years Obasanjo legalised corruption. Yet, he’s the one talking about corruption. If your brother is arrested, did he give you money? If your sister was arrested for corruption, did she give you money?
Talking about Former President Jonathan, he siad: “Jonathan didn’t have the political will-power to fight corruption. He’s too a gentleman. Drivers of yesterday are living in palatial buildings now under his government. In advanced countries, when you are living above your means, people query you. That’s not so in Nigeria. Former governors and lawmakers are now asking for immunity. Jonathan meant well for this country, but the will power to fight corruption was not there.
“In an ideal society, when a man who earns 20,000 as his monthly salary and all of a sudden he acquire something that is worth N100,000, he should be questioned, but here in Nigeria, immunity has covered those that should be questioned.
He equally enjoined all Nigerians to support the present administration of President Muhammadu Buhari, insisting that this administration means well for the Nigerian polity.


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In-house designed sunglasses inspired by men, but that actually look good on just about anything. Really, it's quite something.
A bunch of our frames are now available in some different, seriously fresh colours. If you want it come get it.
© 2018 Ace & Tate. All rights reserved.

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Doing good business with a Science-Based Targets initiative
Adopted in 2015 and signed a year later, the Paris Agreement is the most significant international climate treaty of its time. Among the multitudinous measures that the 194 signatories agreed to in the process of ratification were “science-based targets” (SBTi): that nations keep the rise in mean global temperature to 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and preferably down to 1.5°C. Only then, the thinking goes, could the catastrophic effects of climate change possibly be averted.
While the verdict is still out regarding whether or not these promises will be kept (let alone be effective), will they reduce greenhouse gas emissions and future-proof the economy? Companies around the world have also adopted them and integrated these goals into their operations. Cognizant of science, they can be particularly forthright when articulating why they take the science-based targets to heart.
Take the words of Claire Atkins Morris, the Head of Corporate Responsibility for the French food services giant Sodexo: “They are necessary targets if we are to keep 1.5 degrees alive. The science informs us that anything above this will create catastrophic impacts.
“From day one, Sodexo has been focusing on tangible everyday gestures and actions through its services to have a positive economic, social and environmental impact over time. For us, growth and social commitment go hand in hand. Our purpose is to create a better everyday for everyone to build a better life for all. Setting science-based targets ensures our net-zero strategy is aligned with climate science and on a pathway for limiting global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.”
Adapting performance to science-based targets is not a static endeavour. As companies’ operations evolve, the amount of carbon emitted or not emitted fluctuates. Management must stay abreast of these changes and factor them into their overall sustainability programme. This process is known as rebaselining; that is, adjusting guidance data to match new sources of emissions.
Morris at Sodexo commented on the importance of following baselines: “To meet our targets is not about mitigation but adaptation. Our total baseline GHG emissions are currently 928,000 tCO2e – this is how much we need to reduce emissions to reach Net Zero. We have reduced this by one third since our 2017 baseline and are on track to meet our near-term science based target.
She then noted the importance of adapting to a changing status quo: “Re-baselining gives a more accurate picture of a company’s carbon footprint, and Sodexo urges other businesses to continuously review their baseline to make sure it’s accurate and relevant for comparing current activities against. We will continue to review our 2017 baseline as we understand and refine our data and methodologies; this feels par for the course with science based targets.”
Of course, there is the argument – on the tips of tongues of all climate change naysayers – that integrating science-based targets into strategy will be a hindrance to success. It is a refrain often heard among those doubters who are hostile to the lessons of science.
Oded Fruchtman, the CEO of solar power company BladeRanger, has a riposte to this view: “Adopting science-based targets as set out in the Paris Climate Agreement may entail some short-term costs for companies, such as investing in new technologies or changing business practices. In the long-term, it is likely that companies that are taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will have an advantage over those that do not. This is because they will be better prepared to comply with future regulations and carbon pricing schemes, and they will also be able to tap into the growing market of low-carbon products and services. Additionally, companies that take steps to reduce their environmental impact may also see benefits such as improved reputation, reduced energy costs, and increased employee engagement.”
The pandemic was a double-edged sword in terms of science-based targets. On the one hand, economic activity across the world took a hit – something that reduced global emissions. But, on the other hand, companies had to cut costs in order to adapt. Achieving science-based targets can be expensive, after all.
At British IT company Logicalis, this experience could be attested to. Said its Head of Responsible Business, Charissa Jaganath: “Sustainability took a back seat during the pandemic as executives shifted focus to innovation and moving their workforce online. Leaders prioritised economising strategically for secure and connected remote working, and many viewed sustainability as a ‘nice to have’ rather than a necessity.”
Ultimately though, maintaining the path of science-based targets and sustainability is simply smart business. As Jaganath maintains: “Environmental, social and governance goals have previously appeared as easy targets, but business leaders must be fully aware of the negative impact on brand reputation if sustainability initiatives are cut. A business’ environmental impact has become a crucial factor in the consumer’s purchasing decisions, with 85% of global consumers reportedly willing to pay more for sustainable alternatives. Never has it been more accessible for a customer to switch between companies and providers.”


The first repeating rifle was designed in by a company bought out by Winchester , which made new and improved versions. Springfield rifles arrived in the midth century also.
Machine guns arrived in the late 19th century. Automatic rifles and light machine guns first arrived at the beginning of the 20th century. In the later part of the 19th century, the self-propelled torpedo was developed. The fire lance, the predecessor of the gun, was invented in China between the tenth and eleventh century. The barrel was originally designed out of bamboo shoots, later with metal. Joseph Needham notes "all the long preparations and tentative experiments were made in China, and everything came to Islam and the West fully fledged, whether it was the fire lance or the explosive bomb, the rocket or the metal-barrel handgun and bombard.
Evidence of firearms is found in Iran and Central Asia in the late fourteenth century. It was not until roughly that guns were referenced in India. Reliable references to guns in Russia begins around An illustration of a "pot-shaped gun" found in the Holkham Hall Milemete manuscript dated to shows earliest advent of firearms in European history.
The illustration shows an arrow, set in the pot-shaped gun pointed directly at a structure. Archaeological evidence of such "gun arrows" were discovered in Eltz Castle , "dated by relation to a historical event a feud with the Archbishop of Trier in leading to a siege , seem to confirm again that this was at least one of the types of guns like the Milemete used in these very early examples.
According to Peter Fraser Purton, the best evidence of the earliest gun in Europe is the Loshult gun, dated to the fourteenth century. Discovered in , the Loshult was made of bronze measured A replica of the Loshult was created, using similar gunpowder compounds with present-day materials, to determine the effectiveness of the weapon. The Gunpowder Research Group, who designed the recreation, found that at high elevations, the Loshult could fire as far as meters.
Written works from the Cabinet des Titres of the Imperial Library of Paris has found evidence of canons in France in The works illustrate canons being used on-board ships at the Rouen during that time.
Researchers have been unable to determine the sizes of these canons and others, outside the artifacts recovered. Sir Henry Brackenbury was able to surmise the approximate size of these cannons by comparing receipts for both the firearms and the corresponding amounts of gunpowder purchased.
The receipts show a transaction for "25 Livres for 5 canons. Philip the Bold is credited [ by whom? Philip's development of a large artillery army made the small country a reputable force against larger empires such as England and France. The artillery used to take Odruik used cannonballs measuring to about pounds.
Large artillery was a major contributing factor to the fall of Constantinople at the hands of Mehmed the Conqueror Having resigned his position as ruler due to youth and inexperience in , Mehmed moved to the Ottoman capital of Manisa. He turned his attention to claiming the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. Mehmed, like Philip, started mass-producing cannons by enticing craftsmen to his cause with money and freedom.
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For 55 days, Constantinople was bombarded with artillery fire, throwing cannonballs as large as lbs at its walls. On May 29, , Constantinople fell into Ottoman control. As guns and artillery became more advanced and prevalent, so to did the tactics by which they were implemented.
According to Historian Michael Roberts " Empires adapted their strongholds to withstand artillery fire. Eventually drilling strategies and battlefield tactics were adapted for the evolution in firearms use. In Japan, at the same time during the sixteenth-century, this military evolution was also taking hold. These changes included a universal adoption of firearms, tactical developments for effective use, logistical restructuring within the military itself, and "the emergence of centralized and political and institutional relationships indicative of the early modern order.
Tactically, beginning with Oda Nobunaga , the technique known as "volleying" or countermarch drills were implemented. The ranks will alternate between loading and firing positions, allowing more consistent rates of fire and preventing enemies from taking over a position while members reload. Historical evidence shows that Oda Nobunaga implemented his volley technique successfully in , twenty years before evidence of such a technique is shown in Europe.
The first indications of the countermarch technique in Europe was by Lord William Louis of Nassau in the mid s. Korea also seemed to be adapting the volley technique, earlier than even the Japanese. Though the Korean's had similar manpower, "the curtain of arrows thrown up by defenders was wiped out by Japanese gunfire. It was Qi Jiguang , a Ming Chinese General that provided the original treatise, disseminated to Koreans, that aided in this venture. In these manuals, Qi " Qi's ethos was one of synthesizing smaller groups, trained in various tactical formations, into larger companies, battalions and armies.
By doing this they could "operate as eyes, hands, and feet At the start of the World Wars, various nations had developed weapons that were a surprise to their adversaries, leading to a need to learn from this, and alter how to combat them.
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Flame throwers were first used in the First World War. The French were the first to introduce the armored car in Then in , the British produced the first armored troop carrier. Many early tanks were proof of concept but impractical until further development. In World War I, the British and French held a crucial advantage due to their superiority in tanks; the Germans had only a few dozen A 7 V tanks, as well as captured tanks.
The British and French both had several hundred each.
In , the first helicopter flew, but it wasn't practical for usage. Aviation became important in World War I, in which several aces gained fame. In an aircraft took off from a warship for the first time. Landings on a cruiser were another matter. This led to the development of an aircraft carrier with a decent unobstructed flight deck.
Chemical warfare exploded into the public consciousness in World War I but may have been used in earlier wars without as much human attention. The Germans used gas-filled shells at the Battle of Bolimov on January 3, These were not lethal, however. In April , the Germans developed a chlorine gas that was highly lethal, and used it to moderate effect at the Second Battle of Ypres. Gas masks were invented in matter of weeks, and poison gas proved ineffective at winning battles. It was made illegal by all nations in the s. World War II gave rise to even more technology.
The worth of the aircraft carrier was proved in the battles between the United States and Japan like the Battle of Midway.
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Radar was independently invented by the Allies and Axis powers. It used radio waves to detect objects. Molotov cocktails were invented by General Franco in the Spanish Civil War, directing the Nationalists to use them against Soviet tanks in the assault on Toledo. During the Cold War , the main powers engaged in a Nuclear arms race. Other technological advances centered on intelligence like the spy satellite and missiles ballistic missiles , cruise missiles. Nuclear submarine , invented in This meant submarines no longer had to surface as often, and could run more quietly.
They evolved into becoming underwater missile platforms. The influence of technology on military history, and evident Eurocentrism are nowhere more pronounced than in the attempt by the military historians to divide their subject area into more manageable periods of analysis. While general discipline of history subdivides history into Ancient history Classical antiquity , Middle Ages Europe, 4th century — 15th century , Early Modern period Europe, 14th century — 18th century , Modern era Europe, 18th century — 20th century , and the Post-Modern USA, —present , the periodisation below stresses technological change in its emphasis, particularly the crucial dramatic change during the Gunpowder warfare period.
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Periodisation is not uniformly applied through time and space, affirming the claims of Eurocentrism from regional historians. For example, what might be described as prehistoric warfare is still practised in a few parts of the world. Other eras that are distinct in European history, such as the era of medieval warfare , may have little relevance in East Asia. Much of what we know of ancient history is the history of militaries: their conquests, their movements, and their technological innovations.
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There are many reasons for this. Kingdoms and empires, the central units of control in the ancient world, could only be maintained through military force. Due to limited agricultural ability, there were relatively few areas that could support large communities, so fighting was common. Weapons and armor , designed to be sturdy, tended to last longer than other artifacts, and thus a great deal of surviving artifacts recovered tend to fall in this category as they are more likely to survive.
Weapons and armor were also mass-produced to a scale that makes them quite plentiful throughout history, and thus more likely to be found in archaeological digs. Such items were also considered signs of prosperity or virtue, and thus were likely to be placed in tombs and monuments to prominent warriors.


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32 distinctive and mesmerising building kits, impressed by the disco and membership sounds of the 70s and 80s
Zero-G Disco House Foundations is a mesmerising journey into the origins of dance music via the disco and membership sounds of the 70s and 80s. It was created by the musical genius that’s Davor Devcic. Davor has produced a few of our greatest promoting Zero-G pattern libraries corresponding to Basic Disco, Satin Grooves and Brazil Chillout and has once more pulled out all of the stops right here.
Over 1GB of distinctive materials and nearly 600 samples are included in 32 building kits with further guitar, bass and synth riffs. The library is an homage to the good dance music of earlier eras however with tempo starting from 118bpm to 125bpm to fulfill the calls for of right now’s dance music producers.
Taking inspiration from the likes of Stylish, Kool & the Gang, Brothers Johnson, the Pointer Sisters, Quincy Jones and George Benson amongst many others this library shines with creative expertise. Every package has been painstakingly created utilizing actual devices from the period to offer all of the sounds that genuine classic really feel. Every tune, though remarkably paying homage to the sounds of the time, is a completely authentic creation that stands up by itself as a murals. It is a really inspirational library.
So get down and groove out to Disco House Foundations!
The library comes with Kontakt 3, EXS24, Purpose and HALion devices in addition to Acidized Wav recordsdata and AIFF Apple Loops.
– 593 Acidized WAV recordsdata
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Doctors abetting artful dodgers
Sunil. K. Pandya
Medical ethics require doctors to attend to their patients with sincerity, honesty, diligence and care. They do not, by any stretch of imagination, include aiding and abetting the wrongdoer. Of late we are witness to a series of examples wherein medical doctors stoop to fraud to help prominent, powerful and rich clients avoid the hardships of imprisonment ordered by the courts of law. Doctors, especially those professing to be experts on diseases of the cardiovascular system, have hastened to admit such prisoners to intensive care units where the latter have rested in air-conditioned comfort not just for a day or two but for weeks on end. All tests carried out during such prolonged stays fail to confirm the presence of any serious illness.
On occasion such prisoners have ensured that they do not spend a single day in prison. Once they obtain bail, the symptoms that prompted admission magically disappear and they leave the hospital to resume full activity.
On 17 October 1995, Mr. Rajaram, Secretary of the South Madras unit of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham was arrested and brought before Justice C. Shivappa on charges of instigating assault on an advocate. The judge refused to grant bail as there was every possibility of (the accused) eliminating evidence with the free use of money and power. On 31 August 1995, Mr. Rajaram had got himself admitted to the Government General Hospital, Madras, for post- operative complications after he was interrogated by the Central Bureau of Investigation. On 27 September he got himself discharged against medical advice, met a politically powerful figure and got himself readmitted to the General Hospital a few hours later. On 17 October, after he was denied bail by Justice Shivappa, he got himself discharged from hospital against medical advice again, travelled on the pillion of a motorcycle and later surrendered to a magistrate and submitted that he needed urgent medical attention for chest pain. Mr. Rajaram was admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of the same hospital from which he had got himself discharged against medical advice, for unstable anginawhich disallowed him from attending court.
The case of Mr. T. T. V. Bhaskaran
Cardiologists at the General Hospital, Madras, had also helped Mr. Bhaskaran, Managing Director of J. Jay TV, who was arrested on charges of violating the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act. Mr. Bhaskaran also happens to be the nephew of Ms. Sasikala, principal aide to the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. Mr. Bhaskaran complained of pain in the chest and was admitted to the General Hospital within a few hours of being remanded to police custody on 22 September 1995. The Enforcement Directorate found the alacrity with which the petitioner developed a heart ailment intriguingand commented that his subsequent conduct raised doubts about his actual medical condition. The accused was noted to run his own office from the hospital using a cellular phone. He was in the special ward and in the intensive care unit of the hospital for almost a month (3, 4). On 29 October, two days after he was granted bail by the court, Mr. Bhaskaran was reported to have the left the hospital with a spring in his walk. (1)
When Mr. Bhaskaran was advised coronary angiography, he refused permission for this test. Dr. Brahmanandam, Chief of Cardiology, General Hospital, Madras, when asked about this, said, ‘If the patients refuse to undergo an investigation, what could be done? If Bhaskaran refused to undergo an angiogram, he had the right to do so.’ When asked if such a patient can be kept in the CCU indefinitely, Dr. Brahmanandam replied, ‘What can be done? I cannot discharge somebody who is sick either. I have to look after him.’ It is of interest that this senior doctor also stated, ‘As for my fellow medical professionals, what ethics is there amongst the medical community?’ An un-named cardiologist in Madras who studied these cases commented, ‘This is a case where both patients and doctors are cleverly using legal provisions to their advantage.’ (1, 2)
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Mr. H. K. L. Bhagat was recently arrested in connection with the murders of several Sikhs in 1984 in the aftermath of the assassination of Mrs. Indira Gandhi. The manner in which he, his family and lawyers manoevred his immediate transfer to hospital and ensured that he spent the bare minimum of time in Tihar jail has prompted public ridicule and has been lampooned by all our major cartoonists and satirists. (See page 50 of this issue for examples.) His daughter-in-law, Ms. Rita Bhagat, is reported to have been shocked when he was briefly sent from hospital to jail. ‘How could they have sent him back to Tihar Jail despite such an aggravated prostate problem? He goes to the urinal at least 25 times a day,’she said. (5)
Mr. Kalpnath Rai also complained of breathlessness and showed a rise in blood pressure soon after his arrest on 16 February 1996. In this instance, doctors at the G. B. Pant Hospital decided, after observing his progress over six and a half hours and carrying out several tests, to send him back to Tihar jail. (6)
The dangers of such abettment
By his act of felony, the doctor favoring a prisoner sets into operation a chain of damaging events.
The first and foremost danger – that of crying ‘Wolf!’ – has already been encountered. Greatly disturbed by the manner in which rich and powerful prisoners manoeuver themselves into the comforts of plush hospitals, a judge disallowed industrialist Rajan Pillai to transfer from Tihar Jail into a hospital. His physical state worsened in the jail and by the time it was decided to shift him to hospital, he was in extremis. His death is currently under judicial investigation. Crying ‘Wolf!’, then, can prove disastrous to those in genuine need. The doctor helping a person not in need of medical care by admitting him to hospital is at least as guilty as the prisoner pretending to be ill.
Admitting a fraudulent public figure to a ward, especially if this be one offering intensive care, harms genuinely sick patients. The already hard-to-get bed is blocked by the VIP, depriving the patient who really needs such care. It also ensures distraction of staff at all levels. Inevitably, they tend to fuss over the awe-inspiring figure with a relative neglect of the bona fide patients. With most weighty figures now carrying around them a gang of toughs wielding potent automatic weapons, the disturbance is complete in a ward where quiet and efficiency should prevail and where the seriously ill should be the focus of all attention.
The medical doctor is also to blame as admission of such prisoners to hospital is made on grounds that only another member of the profession can investigate and challenge. Where suspicion of malpractice is raised, another senior consultant in the field must spend time and energy to investigate and report on the findings. This, in turn, means that the treatment of his own patients must suffer for this duration. In the case of film star Mr. Sanjay Dutt, admitted to the intensive cardiac care unit at the Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals whilst in prison, the judge ordered three senior consultants to investigate the matter.
Fraudulently admitting a powerful but healthy prisoner to an intensive care ward when so many other genuinely ill prisoners in that and other prisons are deprived of all but the most elementary care is yet another kind of travesty of justice. The last, but not the least, danger is the abasement of the medical profession. What is one to make of the fact that when a three-member team of the Enforcement Directorate, armed with an order from the court, went to the General Hospital, Madras to interrogate Mr. Bhaskaran, they were told by the Dean and Dr. Brahmanandam, Chief of Cardiology, that they could not interrogate the prisoner for more than ten minutes. After a few monosyllabic replies were offered in response to their questions, the officers were made to leave.
Such instances are evidence of the growing tendency in doctors who attend to those in power to crawl as they pander to their base whims and desires. When, as often happens, such doctors happen to form the politically powerful segment of the profession, the danger is heightened as they serve as role models for highly impressionable and sometimes unthinking youngsters.
The extent of degradation that has already taken place is evident from the fact that when the Central Bureau of Investigation attempted to put together an independent panel of specialists to ascertain the real health condition of Mr. Adhi Rajaram in Madras, they ran into a wall of polite refusals from some of the premier medical institutions of Tamil Nadu. Similar refusals in Mr. Bhaskaran’s case led Dr. S. Ramadoss, founder of the PMK, to exclaim against the lack of medical ethics that permitted the ‘staging of such a drama’; and demand a Central Government medical team to examine Mr. Bhaskaran. (3)
An obvious solution, overlooked on purpose?
Why don’t the rich and famous – and doctors who are quick to rush to their help – work for the creation of facilities for medical services of the highest quality in our major prisons ? Such facilities would ensure that there is never a repetition of the Rajan Pillai episode.
It would also ensure that the genuinely ill in prisons, unfortunate in that they lack monetary or political clout, will also get the medical attention they deserve. Since the prisoner, deprived of most of his rights by a court of law, is not allowed to choose his doctor and hospital, it is all the more important that he is provided medical care of the highest quality.
- Subramanian TS: Ducking the law. General Hospital, Madras as the ultimate refuge. Frontline 1 December 1995 p 112-l14.
- Shreedhar Jaya: Question of ethics. Frontline 29 December 1995 pp 91-92.
- Anonymous: Bhaskaran to be interrogated in hospital. The Hindu 13 October 1995 p 4.
- Anonymous: Angina treatment brooks no delay. The Hindu 22 October 1995.
- Anonymous: and back to Tihar jail… Times of India 17 February 1996 p9.
- Anonymous: From jail to hospital… Times of India 17 February 1996 p9.