text:
Excellent shot with great light and contrast. Perfect POV.
an attractive panoramic format. Nice attempt at lowlight exposure with the 'classic' F828 :-)
I would have suggested a smaller aperture though - as well as lowest available ISO (that would be ISO64 on the F828).
This of course mean tripod use!
You get a very clean imge as a result.
This is okay though :-)
Best regards, Daniel
very good chyotkosti!i remarkable colour, much beautifully!
respectfully yours , Oliga!
Nicely positioned flower within th frame snd well exposed. Lovely light and colours
Oooooo nefis bir kare Kerem,kutlarım,ellerine sağlık :)
Merhaba Kerm,farklı bir bakış açısı ve güzel bir çekim,ellerine sağlık :)
Nice composition like a draw, like an artist draw.
Very good shot.
These daisies are well presented against the sky Kerem. It appears like it's hard to compose and expose, but you managed it well. The message of global warming is invoked with the composition. My best regards...Danilo
Génial cadrage de bas en haut, ces fleur vue de dessous, avec l'effet de la lumière, la perspective, braiment superbe.
bravo et amitié
You have a very impressive gallery, and this is a lovely series. A very artistic image, I like the pov and focus. Nice work! TFS


text:
What is compost tea?
Worm Compost Tea is a tea made from steeping (or brewing) worm compost instead of tea leaves. It isn’t appetizing for you but your plants will love it! The nutrients and beneficial microbes in the compost diffuse into the water making liquid fertilizer for your plants. Some gardeners refer to compost tea as ‘liquid gold’ because it is such a powerful organic fertilizer for any plant. There are two ways to make compost tea: the basic method (simple steeping) or the aerated brewed version. Here’s a link to my simple worm compost tea recipe.
Vermicompost tea is simply compost tea that was brewed using vermicompost (also called worm castings or worm poop) as your compost instead of compost from a hot compost pile. Using your vermicompost or vermicast to make worm compost tea is a great use of your nutrient rich worm castings.
Is worm compost tea the same as leachate?
No, worm compost tea and leachate are different. Leachate is the liquid that leaks out of the bottom of your worm bin. Compost tea must go through an oxygenated brewing process.
Leachate is the water released from the cells of decomposing food scraps. The digestive tract of a composting worm is really good at removing harmful pathogens. Unfortunately, leachate is often not consumed by the composting worms and therefore can potentially contain toxins that are harmful to people. I recommend never using foul smelling leachate as this can be a sign of contamination. I use leachate in two ways: add it directly to non edible plants or pour it on my hot compost pile that will heat up to kill any harmful pathogens.
For more about worm bin leachate read: What is Worm Leachate? Is it Safe for Plants?
To learn more about how to make your own worm compost tea read How to Make Compost Tea with Worm Castings
Out of Stock
Worm Factory 360 With WormsSelect options$169.95 – $179.95Sale
Worm Factory 360Select options$129.99 – $149.95Out of Stock
1lb Red Wiggler Worms$49.95
Extra Worm Factory Tray (2 Pack)Select optionsSale
MAGNET Worm Bin Troubleshooting Infographic: A Simple Guide to Diagnosing and Solving Your Worm Composting Bin ProblemsAdd to cart
MAGNET Worm Bin Troubleshooting Infographic: A Simple Guide to Diagnosing and Solving Your Worm Composting Bin Problems

domain: agronomy


text:
New York, New York : Portfolio/Penguin, .
229 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm
9781591848233 :, 1591848237 :
"The traits that make Sam Zell one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs also make him one of the most surprising, enigmatic, and entertaining mavericks in American business. Self-made billionaire Sam Zell consistently sees what others don't. From finding a market for overpriced Playboy magazines among his junior high classmates, to buying real estate on the cheap after a market crash, to investing in often unglamorous industries with long-term value, Zell acts boldly on supply and demand trends to grab the first-mover advantage. And he can find opportunity virtually anywhere--from an arcane piece of legislation to a desert meeting in Abu Dhabi. "If everyone is going left, look right," Zell often says. To him, conventional wisdom is nothing but a reference point. Year after year, deal after deal, he shuts out the noise of the crowd, gathers as much information as possible, then trusts his own instincts. He credits much of his independent thinking to his parents, who were Jewish refugees from World War II. Talk to any two people and you might get wild swings in their descriptions of Zell. A media firestorm ensued when the Tribune Company went into bankruptcy a year after he agreed to steward the enterprise. At the same time, his razor-sharp instincts are legendary on Wall Street, and he has sponsored over a dozen IPOs. He's known as the Grave Dancer for his strategy of targeting troubled assets, yet he's created thousands of jobs. Within his own organization, he has an inordinate number of employees at every level who are fiercely loyal and have worked for him for decades. Zell's got a big personality; he is often contrarian, blunt, and irreverent, and always curious and hardworking. This is the guy who started wearing jeans to work in the 1960s, when offices were a sea of gray suits. He's the guy who told The Wall Street Journal in 1985, "If it ain't fun, we don't do it." He rides motorcycles with his friends, the Zell's Angels, around the world and he keeps ducks on the deck outside his office. As he writes: "I simply don't buy into many of the made-up rules of social convention. The bottom line is: If you're really good at what you do, you have the freedom to be who you really are." Am I Being Too Subtle?--a reference to Zell's favorite way to underscore a point--takes readers on a ride across his business terrain, sharing with honesty and humor stories of the times he got it right, when he didn't, and most important, what he learned in the process. This is an indispensable guide for the next generation of disrupters, entrepreneurs, and investors"--,Provided by publisher.

domain: library


text:
Land for Sale in Washington
Find Farms, Ranches, Acreage, and Country Homes for Sale
Thirty-three wildlife management areas cover almost a million acres of land in Washington and offer hunters access to game species including waterfowl, grouse, pheasant, elk, and wild turkey. Sockeye salmon, steelhead, bass, as well as numerous saltwater fish species are on the hook for anglers. Recent internal data shows almost $2 billion in land, homesites and other rural acreage for sale in the Evergreen State. This covers over 155,000 acres of land for sale in the state. This reflects a 78 percent drop from April in the amount of Washington land and property for sale. Of the 39 counties in the state, Stevens County had the most rural property and land for sale. There were 280 acres of sold land in Washington recorded last month through the Lands of America sales program. This reflects a reduction in sales activity over data from the month before. Lewis County saw the most land sales recently in the state. In terms of its size, Washington is the country's 18th-largest state, covering an area of 71,303 square miles (46 million acres). Game species to be found on land for sale in Washington include elk, grouse, bear, mule deer, turkey, whitetail deer, geese, ducks, moose, and quail. Fishermen can enjoy casting for trout, salmon, walleye, bass, and pike.
Land for sale including Residential Property in Cashmere Washington
Rare and beautiful acreage on Willems Road in Brender Canyon. This 20 acre parcel offers easy access off the road onto the Valley Floor. Acreage includes the flat land and up the Southern mountain side and crests over the top. Well is scheduled to be drilled. Enjoy the serenity and peace of the canyon, build on the mountain side and use the pasture for horses and livestock or build on the valley floor.
Great sun exposure and lovely views from this 18+ acre Brender Canyon lot, one of the few acreages left, this is a premier building location enjoying the wildlife, views and sunshine. Established road, shared well, building site. Power is across the road. Bring your plans and live the dream.
Picture perfect log home on 19.55 wooded acres. Built in 2007 by owner builder featuring vaulted ceilings, picture windows and beautiful wood beams through out the home. Surrounded by mature trees and wildlife this 2,608 sq ft home has great room, full walk out basement and loft. Large walk around decks,Hot tub. Covered carport with Large detached garage/shop with loft for storage plus attached covered dog kennel and run.
Cashmere country living! This TWO parcel estate offers tremendous value and opportunity. Situated between Leavenworth and Cashmere, this hobby-farm beckons those desiring that dreamy country lifestyle. Humble A-frame living allows for peace and tranquility while enjoying the simpler things in life. Natural hardwood and tasteful finishes make for cozy winter nights by the wood stove or peaceful summer evenings on the porch overlooking pastures and a trickling creek below. Large shop, hay barn, pole-building, animal shed and 4 stall horse-ready barn. Fenced and cross-fenced grazing pasture. ADDITIONAL BUILDING SITE CLEARED on second lot, ready for expansion!
Copyright 2019 Keller Williams Realty, Inc. All rights reserved. All information
Come and see this quality remodeled 3300 sq. ft. rambler with an open floor plan. Enjoy the one full acre country lot just outside Cashmere with easy access to the Highway. Huge tiled entryway, beautifully designed kitchen with slab granite, stainless, two islands open to both the dining & family rooms, stone fireplace wall with 10' mantel, gorgeous crown molding & trim throughout, vaulted ceilings, 3 masters 4th bedroom; 3 jetted soaking tubs. Spacious 17 'x 24' master bedroom with French doors onto covered patio with skylights. Formal living & dining rooms are sized for large gatherings. 2 new heat pumps plus so much more, wired for security system too. Come see it today!
$499,0002.12 acres3 Beds | 2 Baths | 1872 sqft5205 Mission Creek Rd, Cashmere, WA98815 - Chelan County
This picturesque 2 acre parcel with a beautifully remodeled home, creates a private and peaceful setting! The open floor plan features big picture windows, new cabinets, appliances, flooring, trim, paint, and bathrooms. The double fireplace can be enjoyed in the big living room or the roomy family room that opens up to a big sunny deck. The house is on an acre and the other acre is perfect for recreation or could possibly be split off. The attached double car garage has a bonus workshop, plus a separate carport and storage shed. This smart home has wifi security and heat can be turned on from your cell phone. Perfect for a 2nd home, nightly rental or full-time home!
$349,0001.15 acres3 Beds | 2 Baths | 1 ½ Bath | 1328 sqft5968 Locust Ln, Cashmere, WA98815 - Chelan County
Cashmere's cutest farmhouse! Built in 1900, this home includes charming character, 3 beds/1.75 baths, and so much potential for you to put your finishing touches on. Featuring 1.15 acres of serene yard space, beautiful old growth trees, and a private pond for your enjoyment. The large shop/garage is perfect for projects, storage, or maybe even Cashmere's premier man cave! Homes with this kind of history and detail just don't come long often. Come and see!
$585,00020.94 acres5 Beds | 3 Baths | 3030 sqft9605 N Fork Road, Cashmere, WA98815 - Chelan County
The ultimate, turn-key home! Get away from it all! Enjoy the best of Leavenworth while living peacefully, minutes away. This beautiful home will remind you of a vacation lodge. Custom built. Fully Furnished... with an outstanding view! New flooring, New granite in kitchen and bathrooms. New Kenmore Elite appliances, 3 wide-screen TVs included! New custom blinds. New Mark Gas & Kamado combo grill. New air ventilation system with AC! Full home generator... and more! Lots of privacy on 20 acres!
Copyright 2019 Coldwell Banker Bain. All rights reserved. All information provided by the listing agent/broker is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed and should be independently verified.

domain: geography


text:
By: Eric J. Wittenberg
On July 19, 1863, the Battle of Buffington Island was fought in Meigs County, Ohio, on the banks of the mighty Ohio River. In the big scheme of things, this fight, involving 13-15,000 men, was fairly minor. However, it was the only significant engagement fought in Ohio, and it is noteworthy for a number of reasons. In addition, three future presidents of the United States, James Garfield, Rutherford B. Hayes, and William McKinley, were all present at the Battle of Buffington Island. How many other Civil War battlefields can make such a claim?
In order to understand the significance of the Battle of Buffington Island, some historical background is necessary. On July 2, 1863, as the Battle of Gettysburg was being fought, Confederate cavalry leader Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan took his division, with approximately 3500 men, and set off on a month-long raid through Indiana and Ohio. Crossing the Ohio River and entering Indiana, they rode east through the defenses of Cincinnati and through the southern portion of Ohio. Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, commanding the Dept. of Ohio, sent a 14,000 man force of Federal cavalry and infantry after Morgan's 2100 men.
Following a series of running skirmishes across the width of Ohio, the Federals finally caught up to Morgan's men at the town of Portland, Ohio, on the banks of the Ohio River, not far from Pomeroy, in Meigs County. Morgan's force had gone there to take advantage of a ford across the river, but were met there by Yankee forces, including three Federal gunboats in the river. There, in a day-long, running fight, 10-12,000 Federal infantry and cavalry engaged Morgan's men in a fight known today as the Battle of Buffington Island. There, blueclad forces commanded by Brig. Gens. Henry Judah, James Shackelford and Edward Hobson, clashed with Morganís force in the narrow flood plain on the Ohio side of the river, with the safety of Virginia enticingly beckoning the Southern cavalier from across the river.
When the Yankee forces finally caught up to Morganís column, around three in the afternoon, Morgan requested an hour to decide whether to surrender. Shackelford granted the truce, which Morgan used to prepare a defense. Judahís force pinned down Morganís men, while Hobsonís column flanked the Confederates. Bearing down, Hobsonís four thousand troopers charged into Morganís column. Maj. Daniel McCook, aged 65, and the father of the famous Fighting McCook brothers, was mortally wounded in the opening volleys of the fight.
Morgan's men were driven back across the flat, wide-open flood plains of the Ohio River. Their line of escape across the river was cut off by the presence of the three Federal gunboats, and the Confederate troopers had to fight their way out, finally running a gauntlet. Morgan's brother-in-law, and chief lieutenant, Col. Basil W. Duke, was captured, as were nearly 1200 of Morgan's "terrible men", including the commanding generalsí younger brother John Morgan. Most of those captured were imprisoned in the Ohio Penitentiary, located in Columbus. Fifty-two of Morgan's men lay dead on the field.
Morgan himself escaped to the north and east, again being driven from another river ford by the presence of the Federal gunboats. As the gunboat approached, Morgan himself was halfway across the river, with a large portion of his command still on the Ohio side. Unwilling to abandon these men, he turned back, and his force sought an escape route. Several days later, he and his remaining men were brought to bay in Columbiana County, Ohio, and Morgan would join Duke in the Ohio Pen. Morgan would eventually make a daring escape from the Pen.
Thus ended the story of the month-long Morgan Raid, a single raid which lasted longer than all of JEB Stuart's raids combined. It passed into history. So, unfortunately, did the Battle of Buffington Island, which is not well-documented anywhere. There is no report by Morgan, who was a POW, and the Federal reports are not good. There simply is not a great deal of good information available on this fight.
Today, the battlefield is largely pristine, although there are some 20th century structures present. There are two handsome monuments, one to the battle, and the other to Major McCook. Four acres are preserved in a park operated by the Ohio Historical Society. The park contains the battle monument, an Indian burial mound, and a pair of interpretive markers.
Unfortunately, the rest of this important battlefield is not preserved at all. Indeed, approximately 600 acres of the most critical portion of the battlefield are in imminent threat of being obliterated in the name of progress. A sand and gravel company has applied for the necessary permits to destroy 600 acres of the battlefield for a gravel pit, which would tear out the heart of the battlefield. There is a large area of wetlands that will be destroyed if this gravel pit is permitted to be constructed, and a major barge loading area is to be built in the Ohio River. Historicaly significant ground will sacrificed forever in the name of commercial development.
Perhaps most importantly, no records exist to document where the 52 dead Confederate troopers were interred. We do know that they were buried on the battlefield by the local residents. Since the area where the gravel and sand pit is intended lies in the middle of the most important section of the battlefield, where Hobsonís flanking column ran into Morganís line of retreat, it is very possible, indeed likely, that these graves will be disturbed by the digging of the gravel pit. These graves, and their contents, may be destroyed capriciously by a company that does not care about the significance of these grave sites.
It is not too late to try to save the battlefield. The Ohio Department of Natural Resources has not approved the permit yet, and neither has the Army Corps of Engineers, which can veto the wetlands permit. For those interested in battlefield preservation, please take a moment and send a letter to Ohio Senators Mike DeWine and John Glenn and to any Ohio Congressional representative. In addition, letters to Ohio Governor George V. Voinovich may also help to avert this tragedy.
Sens. John H. Glenn and Michael DeWine:††††† United States Senate Washington, DC 20510-3501
Governor George V. Voinovich:††††† 77 South High Street 30th Floor Columbus, Ohio 43215.
Ohio Department of Natural Resources: Fountain Square Columbus, Ohio 43231
For those interested in more information, a web site will go on-line shortly. The address for the site once it is ready. Further, the next issue of Blue & Gray magazine will feature this fight as its General's Tour, and the Blue & Gray Education Society will be conducting a tour of this portion of Morgan's Raid in June, 1998.
Undoubtedly, each person who reads this article gets inundated with requests for assistance with efforts at battlefield preservation. Some fights are worth fighting. Others, while honorable, are not. This fight clearly is worth fighting, if for no other reason that the preservation of those unknown Confederate troopers laying in the middle of the proposed sand and gravel pit. In this instance, I again call on those of you interested in battlefield preservation to do what you can to help save this battlefield before it's too late.
*****This article was written by a personal friend of mine, Mr. Eric Wittenberg. This article was taken from another Civil War website, of another close personal friend. Please visit it at: www.civilwarhome.com
Back to CW Msc.
Back to Main Page


text:
The King commissions 'Windrush: Portraits of a Pioneering Generation'
Marking the 75th anniversary of the arrival of the HMT Empire Windrush to British shores in 1948, His Majesty The King has commissioned ten leading artists, from Britain and abroad, to create portraits of ten pioneering members of the Windrush Generation.
BBC Arts will release a 75-minute documentary, 'Windrush: Portraits of a Generation', about the project to commemorate National Windrush Day on 22nd June 2023.
It is, I believe, crucially important that we should truly see and hear these pioneers who stepped off the Empire Windrush at Tilbury in June 1948 - only a few months before I was born - and those who followed over the decades, to recognise and celebrate the immeasurable difference that they, their children and their grandchildren have made to this country.
His Majesty The King
The completed portraits will become part of the Royal Collection and stand as a lasting memorial to all the men, women and children who came to Britain from the Caribbean and gave so much of themselves to rebuild a nation devasted by war.
The sitters, selected from across the UK, have been chosen by The Windrush Portraits Committee, a sub-committee of the Windrush Commemoration Committee, comprising Baroness Floella Benjamin, the Right Reverend Rose Hudson-Wilkin, Mr Rudolph Walker and Ms Paulette Simpson.
The sitters and artists are:
- Delisser Bernard painted by Honor Titus
- Alford Gardner painted by Chloe Cox
- Linda Haye painted by Shannon Bono
- Edna Henry painted by Amy Sherald
- Carmen Munroe painted by Sonia Boyce
- Gilda Oliver painted by Clifton Powell
- Sir Geoff Palmer painted by Derek Fordjour
- Laceta Reid painted by Serge Attukwei Clottey
- ‘Big’ John Richards painted by Deanio X
- Jessie Stephens painted by Sahara Longe
During the BBC documentary, audiences will hear first hand testimony from the Windrush sitters, many of whom are in their 90s, as they speak frankly about their experiences of arriving in Britain; making lives for themselves and the overwhelming contribution they have made to their communities, and the nation as a whole.
The film also follows the making of the portraits, as artist and sitter come together, with the artists reflecting on their own experience of undertaking this special commission, as well as offering insights into their own unique creative approach.
The ten portraits will go on display at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh from 22nd June to 16th October 2023 and The Queen’s Gallery at Buckingham Palace from 10th November 2023 to 14th April 2024 in an exhibition entitled 'Windrush: Portraits of a Pioneering Generation'.
The Royal Collection Trust, Royal Drawing School and The Open University are collaborating to design an education programme to celebrate the contribution of the Windrush Generation, including downloadable teaching resources for schools and live drawing workshops.
A message from The King on the 75th Anniversary on the Founding of N.A.T.O.
Message from The King for the 2024 Royal Maundy Service
It is my special prayer today that Our Lord’s example of serving one another might continue to inspire us and to strengthen all our communities.
Message from The King to mark the 70th anniversary of the end of the Korean War
It is our duty to remember what was once called “the Forgotten War”.
The King's Commonwealth Day Message 2024
The Commonwealth family is strongest when we are connected, through friendship.
A message of condolence from The King to the President of Tanzania following the passing of former Tanzanian President, Ali Hassan Mwinyi
My thoughts and prayers are with former President Mwinyi’s family and the Tanzanian people at this time.
The King's message marking two years of conflict in Ukraine
My heart goes out to all those affected, as I remember them in my thoughts and prayers.
A message from His Majesty The King to Grenada marking their 50th year of Independence
On the occasion of the fiftieth Anniversary of the Independence of Grenada, it gives me great pleasure to send you all my congratulations and warmest good wishes.
A message from His Majesty The King for the launch of Big Help Out 2024
I have long believed that one of the greatest strengths of our nation is our ability to come together and help each other through times of hardship. Throughout my life, I have...
A message from His Majesty The King to Their Majesties King Frederik X and Queen Mary of Denmark
I look forward to working with you on ensuring that the enduring bond between our countries, and our families, remains strong, and to working together with you on issues which...
A speech by His Majesty The King at the opening of COP28, Dubai, U.A.E
Change will come by working together and making it easier to embrace decisions that will sustain our world, rather than carry on as though there are no limits – or as though...
The King's speech at the State Banquet for the Republic of Korea
As our nations strive towards a harmony between progress and preservation, between the past and the present, we can look to the future with great confidence as our peoples...
Charities founded by His Majesty The King as The Prince of Wales
Further information about the State Visit of the President of the Republic of Korea
Remarks by His Majesty The King at the United Nations Office Nairobi, Kenya
As we look ahead to COP twenty-eight in another months time, we must remember what President Ruto said at the Africa Climate Summit – “we go far when we go together”.
A Speech by His Majesty The King at the State Banquet, Kenya
We both take considerable pride in renewing the ties between the United Kingdom and Kenya, a country that has long held such special meaning for my family.
The King's speech at the French Senate
Today, in confronting the greatest challenges of our time, we continue the work of those who came before us. When General de Gaulle spoke to the French people from London in...
The King's speech during the State Banquet at Versailles
Mr. President, in all of this we can rely on our firm friendship, which is renewed and reinvigorated with each new generation.
The King's message of condolence following the devastation caused by Storm Daniel.
I admire greatly all those who are engaged tirelessly in the rescue efforts in such dire conditions, and praise their selfless bravery.

domain: artistic


text:
first appearance. Baskin Champion (2018 Fiona Barron (2017 Gabriella Lenzi (2017 Michelle Cardona (2017 Sahara Ray (2016 Laura Carter (2015 Ashley Moore (2015 Lira Galore (2015 Kendall Jenner (2015 Scarlett Leithold (2014 Alyssa Arce (2014 Kayla Phillips (2014 Yovanna Ventura ( Rita Ora (2014 Tati Neves (2013. It was certified platinum in the.S. A few hours later, Selena was spotted with Justin. Dated for the ninth time: January 2015 - March 2015. He was born in London Ontario. January 15, 2015 Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez had dinner Thursday, January 15th at Mastro's Steakhouse in Beverly Hills. Selena defended Bieber's fans, and so, a virtual fight between the old couple "Jelena" happened. They do not have a relationship but have been seen fooling around a lot. Justin has been a little flirtatious even when he was in a committed relationship. The erased black-and-white image, showing Selena embracing Justin, was captioned, Our love is unconditional.
Cosplay dating website, O2 dating service,
Justin sang My Girl and New Single "Sorry" to Selena. Selena was also seen hanging out with the actor of the Twilight series and there were media reports. Dated for the eleventh time: November 2015 - December 2015. Justin Bieber reportedly posted and then deleted a picture of him and Selena Gomez on Instagram, renewing fans speculation about whether they have reunited. Their social media was filled with PDA and the paparazzi loved clicking them. Justin Bieber is rumoured to have hooked up with Amanda Cerny (2016 Cindy Kimberly (2015 Shanina Shaik (2015 Miranda Kerr (2012 Barbara Palvin (2012) and Miley Cyrus (2012). Selena's family attended Justin's concert in Dallas, Texas on April 10, 2016. There were also rumors about. Justin Bieber Girlfriend in 2017, even though Justin Bieber is claiming to be single these days, yet the rumors around him dating have not stopped. October 1, 2014 Selena Gomez Unfollows Justin Bieber on Instagram That same week, a video also surfaced of the 22-year-old entertainer throwing her bag down at the airport. Love the way you look at me, he wrote as the caption on the photo posted late Friday evening January 3rd. Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions.
Online: p, hausfrauen Zug? Die Umstnde im Haus sind leider so, dass ich damit nicht gut. Ich bin 26 Jahre jung, sehr vielseitig interessiert, undRead more
Ein bisschen mehr Humor auch das braucht unsere Gesellschaft. Heute 02:23 D-12557 Berlin privat auto-push Suche ehrliche nette schlanke Frau für eine gemeinsamesame Zukunft! FacebookRead more

domain: entertainment


Prime Minister Scott Morrison officially opened the Australian Space Agency’s new premises at Adelaide’s innovation precinct, Lot Fourteen.
Speaking at the official launching ceremony, Mr Morrison said the new offices are an important next step in the development of the Agency, who are working to triple the size of the Australian space industry and create 20,000 new jobs by 2030.
“Space captures the imagination and inspires us all. It develops new technologies that improve life on Earth and it offers huge economic and job opportunities,” the Prime Minister added.
Minister for Industry, Science and Technology Karen Andrews described the opening as ‘another chance to highlight the great opportunities space presents to everyday Australians’.
“Australia’s space sector has gone from strength to strength since we established the Agency and I’m confident we will continue to build on that momentum,” Minister Andrews said.
Head of the Australian Space Agency, Dr Megan Clark AC said the national headquarters will provide a solid base for the Agency to grow the Australian space industry.
“We’re delighted to have a new home in the centre of Adelaide, and we look forward to developing the Australian Space Discovery Centre and Mission Control, which will open next year.” Dr Clark concluded.


text:
Jon E. Grant, MD, JD, MPH, Brian L. Odlaug, MPH, and Liana R.N. Schreiber, BA
Pathologic gambling is a psychiatric disorder character-ized by persistent and recurrent maladaptive patterns of gambling behavior, which is associated with impaired functioning, reduced quality of life, and high rates of bankruptcy, divorce, and incarceration (1). Excessive gambling behaviors have been reported for millennia across cultures and have been discussed in the medical literature since the early 1800s (2). Pathologic gambling, however, was recognized by the American Psychiatric Association only in 1980 in their third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) (3).
Currently classified in DSM-5 as an “non-substance-related disorder,” the diagnosis of gambling disorder requires that a person meet five of the possible 9 criteria listed for the disorder. These criteria include (a) gambles when distressed; (b) the need to gamble with higher amounts of money (tolerance); (c) has tried unsuccessfully to stop or cut back on gambling; (d) feels restless or irritable when not able to gamble; (e) gambles to escape from a mood or problems; (f) chasing losses; (g) lies to family, friends, and others about the amount or extent of gambling; (h) has lost or put into jeopardy a job, educational, or other opportunity due to gambling; and (i) has needed others to pay for finances due to gambling losses. Further, the gambling must not be better accounted for by a manic episode. The term problem gambling has been used to describe forms of disordered gambling, sometimes inclusive and at other times exclusive of pathologic gambling. Problem gambling, like problem drinking, is not an officially recognized disorder by the American Psychiatric Association.
The concept of behavioral addictions has some scientific and clinical heuristic value but remains controversial (see Chapter 5). This is probably so because pathologic gambling is often resistant to treatment, and it remains unclear whether the treatment technologies of traditional addiction treatment (group, 12-step participation, relapse prevention, motivational enhancement, etc.) are superior, inferior, or equivalent or need to be combined with those of psychiatric treatments (medication, cognitive–behavioral therapy [CBT], psychotherapy). Nonetheless, evidence supports significant phenomenologic, clinical, epidemiologic, and biologic links with substance use disorders (4,5). These data support the conceptualization of pathologic gambling as a “behavioral”—as opposed to a chemical—addiction. Issues around behavioral addictions were debated in the context of development of DSM-5 (6). Not only is substance use disorder research likely to be illustrative for pathologic gambling, but the study of pathologic gambling presents an opportunity to study addictive behaviors without necessarily being confounded by neurotoxicity associated with acute or chronic substance use (7). As such, it seems increasingly important that individuals involved in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorders have a current understanding of pathologic gambling and the potential for future research findings to guide prevention and treatment efforts for addictions in general.
A range of prevalence estimates have been reported for pathologic gambling depending upon the time frame of the study and the instruments used to diagnose the disorder. Only four national studies and one meta-analysis of state and regional surveys have examined prevalence estimates of pathologic gambling in the general US population. The first national study in 1976 noted that 0.8% of 1,749 adults contacted via telephone survey had a significant gambling problem (8). Twenty years later, the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago conducted a national telephone survey (requested by the National Gambling Impact Study Commission) of 2,417 adults and found a lifetime prevalence estimate of 0.8% of pathologic gambling and an additional 1.3% of problem gambling (9). Another national telephone survey of 2,628 adults found that 1.3% had current pathologic gambling measured by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule and 1.9% when measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen, and an additional 2.8% to 7.5% had problem gambling (10). A recent study, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), however, found that only 0.42% of adults in a community sample met current criteria for pathologic gambling (11). A meta-analysis of 120 prevalence estimate surveys completed in North America from the late 1970s to the late 1990s found that the lifetime estimate of pathologic gambling was 1.6% and of problem gambling was 3.85%, and for a combined rate of 5.45% for some kind of disordered gambling (12); however, gambling exposure may influence prevalence rates of pathologic gambling (13). A global public health concern, similar rates of pathologic gambling have been reported in other countries (14–18).
The incidence of pathologic gambling appears higher in clinical samples. In subjects seeking treatment for substance use disorders, lifetime estimates of pathologic gambling range from 5% to 33% (19–21). In studies of psychiatric inpatients, estimates of lifetime pathologic gambling have ranged from 4.9% in adolescents to 6.9% in adults (22–25).
There has been an accelerated proliferation of gambling venues during the past decade, particularly with online gaming, Native American casinos, and riverboat gambling (26,27). With increased opportunity to gamble, some research suggests that we can expect greater rates of patho-logic gambling in the future (12,28,29). Physicians, therefore, will likely be seeing more individuals struggling with pathologic gambling and need to be skilled in assessing and treating this disorder.
Pathologic gambling often begins in adolescence or early adulthood, with males tending to start at earlier ages (12,30,31). Although prospective studies are largely lacking, pathologic gambling appears to follow a trajectory similar to that of substance dependence, with high rates in adolescent and young adult groups, lower rates in older adults, and periods of abstinence and relapse (32). Pathologic gambling can be a serious psychiatric disorder, but there is recent evidence that approximately one-third of individuals with pathologic gambling experience natural recovery (i.e., without formal treatment or attendance at Gamblers Anonymous) (33). The research on natural recovery, however, is based on retrospective reports, and there are no data regarding whether these individuals who are symptom free for 1 year remain free of symptoms beyond that time or whether they relapse or change addictions.
Significant clinical differences have been observed in men and women with pathologic gambling (34,35). Men with pathologic gambling are more likely to be single and living alone as compared to women with the disorder (36). Male pathologic gamblers are also more likely to have sought treatment for substance abuse (37), have higher rates of antisocial personality traits (30), and have marital consequences related to their gambling (30). Though men seem to start gambling at earlier ages and have higher rates of pathologic gambling, women, who constitute approximately 32% of pathologic gamblers in the United States, seem to progress more quickly to severe consequences than do men (38–40). But, women with pathologic gambling are more likely to recover from and to seek treatment for their gambling problem (41).
The types of gambling preferred by men tend to be different from those preferred by women. Men with pathologic gambling have higher rates of “strategic” forms of gambling, including sports betting, video poker, and blackjack. Women, on the other hand, have higher rates of “nonstrategic” gambling, such as slot machines or bingo (39,42). In regard to gambling triggers, though both men and women report that advertisements trigger their urges to gamble, men tend to report gambling for reasons unrelated to their emotional state, whereas women report gambling to escape from stress or owing to depressive states (31,37,39,42,43). Higher rates of sensation-seeking or “action”-seeking behavior in men have been suggested as a possible reason for this difference in gambling preference (39,44,45).
Functional Impairment, Quality of Life, and Legal Difficulties
Individuals with pathologic gambling suffer significant impairment in their ability to function socially and occupationally. Many individuals report intrusive thoughts and urges related to gambling that interfere with their ability to concentrate at home and work (43). Work-related problems such as absenteeism, poor performance, and job loss are common (38). The inability to control behavior about which a person has mixed feelings may lead to feelings of shame and guilt (43). Pathologic gambling is also frequently associated with marital problems (43) and diminished intimacy and trust within the family (46). Financial difficulties (44% of pathologic gamblers report loss of savings or retirement funds, and 22% report losing homes or automobiles or pawning valuables owing to gambling) often exacerbate personal and family problems (43).
With the functional impairment that these individuals experience, it is not surprising that they also report poor quality of life. In three studies systematically evaluating quality of life, individuals with pathologic gambling reported significantly poorer life satisfaction compared to general, nonclinical adult samples (47–49).
Pathologic gambling is also associated with greater health problems (e.g., cardiac problems, liver disease) and increased use of medical services (50–54). Possible reasons for the association of pathologic gambling with health problems might be the sedentary nature of gambling, reduced leisure and exercise time, reduced sleep (55), increased stress, and increased nicotine and alcohol consumption (11).
Many individuals with pathologic gambling report the need for psychiatric hospitalization owing to the depression, and rarer, suicidality, they feel was brought on by their gambling losses (42). Research on individuals in gambling treatment centers has found that 48% of individuals report having had gambling-related suicidal ideation at some time (56). The often overwhelming financial consequences, such as bankruptcy (57), associated with pathologic gambling may also contribute to attempted or completed suicide. A study of Gamblers Anonymous participants (recruited through a gambling telephone hotline) found that 17% to 24% reported having attempted suicide owing to gambling (58).
In addition to the emotional impact of problem and pathologic gambling, many individuals with pathologic gambling have faced legal difficulties related to their gambling. One study found that 27.3% of pathologic gamblers had committed at least one gambling-related illegal act (59). Problem or pathologic gambling may lead people to engage in illegal behavior including embezzlement, stealing, and writing bad checks in order either to finance the gambling behavior or to compensate for past losses related to the excessive gambling (58). Another study found high percentages of pathologic gamblers endorsing prior acts of embezzlement (31%) and robbery (14%) (60).
Although pathologic gambling is associated with multiple legal and functional difficulties, one caveat is that the research is based on relatively small numbers of individuals seeking treatment for pathologic gambling, and therefore, these studies may reflect the more severe cases of pathologic gambling.
Psychiatric comorbidity is common in individuals with pathologic gambling (61). Frequent co-occurrence has been reported between substance use disorders (including nicotine dependence) and pathologic gambling, with the highest odds ratios generally observed between gambling and alcohol use disorders (10,62,63). A Canadian epidemiologic survey estimated that the relative risk for an alcohol use disorder is increased 3.8-fold when disordered gambling is present (64).
Among clinical samples, 52% of Gamblers Anonymous participants reported either alcohol or drug abuse (65), and 35% to 63% of individuals seeking treatment for pathologic gambling also screened positive for a lifetime substance use disorder (1), rates notably higher than that found in the general population (26.6%) (66). Similarly, a recent study of 84 treatment-seeking pathologic gamblers noted lifetime rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 26.3% of the sample, much higher than general population rates of 4% to 5% (67).
Other studies clinically assessing co-occurring disorders in treatment-seeking pathologic gamblers have also noted high estimates of mood disorders (34% to 78%) (43,68–70). In 1984, McCormick et al. (68) studied 38 cases of treatment-seeking pathologic gamblers with major depressive disorder and found that, in 86% of cases, the gambling problem preceded the onset of depression. These findings, however, need to be interpreted with caution because the majority of these studies were derived from treatment-seeking pathologic gamblers, which may or may not reflect non–treatment-seeking pathologic gamblers. Yet, they also raise the question of whether co-occurring mood disorders may be secondary to pathologic gambling. A twin study of self-reported family history to estimate shared genetic contributes to pathologic gambling and major depression in men (71), however, suggests a possible shared biologic predisposition to the co-occurrence of the disorders.
High prevalence estimates of co-occurring anxiety disorders (28% to 40%) also exist in pathologic gamblers (65,69), but not all anxiety disorders are seen with equal frequency (72). Research suggests that estimates of co-occurring generalized anxiety disorder range as high as 40% among pathologic gamblers (62), whereas those of obsessive–compulsive disorder may be as low as 1% (1). The relationship of obsessive–compulsive disorder to pathologic gambling, however, has produced a mixed picture, with some studies reporting high estimates (17% to 20%) (64,65) and other investigations generating low estimates (1%) (62). The rates of co-occurring disorders often have wide ranges, and this may be owing to lack of structured clinical interviews used in assessing comorbidity, the small sample sizes of gamblers assessed, sample selection, and the possible heterogeneity of pathologic gambling.
Significantly fewer data are available regarding the frequencies of Axis II personality disorders in pathologic gamblers. Studies have shown that estimates of any personality disorder in pathologic gamblers range from 25% to 93% (69,73–75). Borderline (3% to 70%), narcissistic (5% to 57%), avoidant (5% to 50%), and obsessive–compulsive (5% to 59%) personality disorders are most commonly reported (69,73–75). One of the best studied personality disorders in pathologic gambling, antisocial personality disorder, has been found in 15% to 40% of pathologic gamblers, a frequency higher than the 0.6% to 3% estimates reported for the general population (76,77). Although multiple reasons may explain the elevated rates of a comorbid antisocial personality disorder in pathologic gambling, evidence from past studies suggests a possible shared genetic vulnerability between pathologic gambling and antisocial personality disorder (78).
High frequencies of psychiatric disorders are seen in the first-degree relatives of those with pathologic gambling. Commonly reported conditions include mood, anxiety, substance use, and antisocial personality disorders (47,79,80). In two studies of first-degree relatives of pathologic gamblers, 17% to 33% had a mood disorder, and 18% to 24% reported an alcohol use disorder (65,79). In another study of 51 pathologic gamblers, 50% had a parent with an alcohol use disorder (80). A large sample of 517 pathologic gamblers revealed that subjects with at least one problem gambling parent were significantly more likely to have a father with an alcohol use disorder, report daily nicotine use, and have significantly worse legal and financial problems compared to the cohort without a problem gambling parent (81).
Studies have also found that 20% of the first-degree relatives of pathologic gamblers also have pathologic gambling (82). Recent research examining possible familial aggregation of pathologic gambling found that individuals with a problem gambling parent were at a 3.3 times higher risk of being a pathologic gambling (83). Similarly, Gambino et al. (84) found that problem gamblers at a Veterans Affairs hospital were up to eight times more likely to have a parent with a gambling problem than were nonproblem gamblers. In one of the few studies to use a psychometrically sound instrument (Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria) to collect family history data, the researchers found that 31% of first-degree relatives of pathologic gamblers had a lifetime alcohol use disorder and 19% had lifetime major depressive disorder (47).
In one of the few studies to use a control group to examine familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders among pathologic gamblers, Black et al. (85) examined 31 patho-logic gambler probands and 31 control probands. Lifetime estimates of pathologic gambling were significantly higher in family members of pathologic gamblers (8.3%) compared to control subjects (2.1%) (odds ratio of 4.49; p = 0.018). Similarly, elevated estimates were observed for substance use disorders (odds ratio of 4.21) and antisocial personality disorder (odds ratio of 7.73) (85).
Although there is a long literature of case reports using psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy is often incorporated into multimodal, eclectic, and integrated approaches to pathologic gambling, there are no randomized controlled trials supporting its use (86). Similarly, although some evidence exists that Gamblers Anonymous (87–90) and self-exclusion contracts (91–94) may be beneficial for pathologic gamblers, limited and conflicting data assessing the long-term efficacy for these interventions have been published.
A variety of psychosocial treatments have been examined in controlled studies for the treatment of pathologic gambling (95). Cognitive strategies have traditionally included cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, and irrational cognition awareness training. Behavioral approaches focus on developing alternate activities to compete with reinforc-ers specific to pathologic gambling as well as the identification of gambling triggers. See Table 39-1 for a summary of psychotherapeutic treatments.
TABLE 39-1 CONTROLLED PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT TRIALS
Assessment of Psychotherapy
Empirical studies of CBT and using various elements, CBT (i.e., cognitive or behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and CBT workbooks) support the efficacy of using CBT for pathologic gamblers, because the majority of trials found reductions in pathologic gambling symptomatology compared to the control conditions. However, these trials are insufficient to provide information about the optimal treatment duration and the level of training needed by the therapy administrator. Both brief and longer treatments have been found effective, but no study has randomized subjects into psychotherapeutic treatments of varying durations to determine the most efficacious treatment length. In addition, few studies have long-term follow-up, highlighting the need for future studies to include long-term followup visits to assess maintenance of therapeutic gains.
Furthermore, with the exception of Hodgins et al. (116), few studies provided a detailed description of the content of the therapy sessions or workbook and measurements of therapist adherence and competence. Inclusion of these items would aid in the interpretation and application of study findings, for lack of therapist adherence to study protocol may confound study results. Characteristics of individuals with pathologic gambling who succeed in and do not respond to psychotherapy also need to be investigated. Possible variables that impact individual success as well as treatment adherence may include insight, desire to change, comorbid psychological and physical conditions, and impulsivity.
No medication is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating pathologic gambling. Seventeen randomized, placebo-controlled trials of phar-macotherapy treatment in pathologic gambling have been conducted, and these studies suggest that medications may be beneficial in treating pathologic gambling. See Table 39-2 for a summary of pharmacotherapeutic treatments.
TABLE 39-2 CONTROLLED PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT TRIALS
Assessment of Pharmacotherapy
Due to the promising results of the double-blind trials of naltrexone and nalmefene, opioid antagonists appear to be the most efficacious pharmacologic treatment for pathologic gambling and should be considered a first-line treatment for pathologic gambling. However, similar to the nalmefene, empiric trials of naltrexone should be conducted at additional research sites to examine the efficacy of naltrexone in varying patient populations. Results from trials investigating the glutamate modulator, N-acetylcysteine, and lithium suggest these medications may also be effective, but with only one trial completed for each, additional research is needed to bolster support. Antidepressants have been the most widely examined with findings providing indefinite results, yet for individuals with high anxiety, escitalopram may be an effective treatment. Currently, no evidence supports the use of atypical antipsychotics.
More research is needed to determine the most effective dosage of each medication. Currently, only two studies (125,126) assessed the differential impact of various dosages. Also unevaluated is the long-term impact of these medications, with only two studies (127,129) assessing the phar-macologic treatment effect for longer than 6 months. One challenge in pursuing these data is that studies historically have higher dropout rates (44% to 59%) (127,129).
Understanding clinical and demographic variables may also help clinicians find the most efficacious treatments. Individuals with intense gambling urges may respond better to naltrexone (123), and males and younger individuals with pathologic gambling may respond well to fluvoxamine (129). There are limited data concerning the efficacy of phar-macotherapy for individuals with pathologic gambling and a comorbid psychiatric disorder. Preliminary findings suggest that individuals with pathologic gambling and bipolar disorder may respond best to lithium (135), while those with comorbid anxiety may find relief with escitalopram (132). These findings suggest that investigating the clinical characteristics of individuals who positively respond (as well as those who do not respond) to treatment is necessary. In addition, no randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been completed comparing pharmacotherapy treatments or comparing pharmacotherapy to psychotherapy. These trials would provide insight into which individuals may respond best to a certain class of medication or psycho-therapeutic treatment.
Pathologic gambling is a common, disabling psychiatric disorder that is associated with high rates of co-occurring disorders, particularly substance use disorders, and high rates of illegal activities. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy have shown promise in the treatment of pathologic gambling. Based on the treatment literature, the off-label trials of naltrexone would appear the most promising pharmacologic option for a working clinician. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant used off-label may also be beneficial particularly when the individual has comorbid depression or anxiety.
In terms of psychosocial treatments, cognitive–behav-ioral therapy appears promising. There are several manu-alized forms of this therapy (108,109,139–141). Although the stronger evidence suggests that eight sessions of CBT should be considered (88), some data suggest that even fewer sessions (107,136) or brief interventions (95) may be effective. With a manualized treatment, counselors with a background in addiction medicine should be able to deliver the treatment with minimal training.
Even knowing the evidence for various treatment options for pathologic gambling, other factors may influence which treatment option is chosen for a particular patient. First, many clinicians are simply unaware of pathologic gambling. Therefore, if a clinician is referring a patient for either medication management or psychotherapy, it may simply be difficult to find people who know how to treat the behavior. This problem can be minimized by having a list of providers who know about pathologic gambling and can provide treatment. For example, if no one is available to do CBT for pathologic gambling, then perhaps medication management should be first.
Second, there are no clear recommendations of treatment for the clinician to follow. For example, it is unclear exactly how many sessions of CBT are most helpful for pathologic gambling. The exact dose of medication or duration of medication trial for optimal treatment is also unknown. These gaps in knowledge make it difficult to inform patients about what their care may entail and what expectations they may have.
Third, individuals with pathologic gambling exhibit high rates of placebo response in treatment studies. Clinicians need to understand that for many patients with pathologic gambling, simply talking about their problem will help substantially at first. This initial robust response, however, may cause the clinician to believe that his or her treatment approach is successful. Clinicians should carefully monitor the patient for several months and not assume they will continue to do well. Also, involving a family member or close friend in treatment efforts who can assist the patient in monitoring his or her behavior and provide accountability may be beneficial for some patients.
Fourth, impulsive patients do not often follow recommendations or follow-up with treatment. The treatment data consistently show that dropout rates are high for pathologic gambling. This may be owing to two factors: One, patients often believe they are doing better than in fact they are and therefore see treatment as unnecessary; and two, they do not have an instantaneous response and therefore do not stay with treatment. Both of these concerns can be minimized by providing psychoeducation about the illness, detailing the expectations of treatment, and the expressing the need to stay in treatment.
David is a 39-year-old, single male with a college degree who works full time. He endorses a family history positive for alcohol abuse in his father and paternal grandfather. David reports having started to gamble with friends at the age of 17, with his first trip to casino at 21 years old. In his younger years, he reported gambling only with friends, playing poker, blackjack, and slot machines. He would frequent the casino once every couple of months.
At the age of 30, David was promoted to a position with more responsibility and experienced much higher levels of stress at work. Since the casino had been fun for him in the past, he decided to visit the casino on a Friday night after a particularly stressful week. David played the slot machines and found it relaxing. On this night, he actually won $100 USD from playing and walked away from the casino feeling less stress and happy.
Over the coming weeks, however, David began to frequent the casino in the middle of the week, having nearly constant urges to gamble, especially when his work became stressful. He began to stay at the casino late into the night and show up late or tired for work the following morning. His work began to suffer, and David was reprimanded by his bosses for his lowered productivity. This added stress prompted David to return to the casino where he had experienced stress relief before. On one occasion, he stayed for 26 hours straight and lost $1,700 USD, resulting in his missing work the next day and an inability to pay his bills. With his finances out of control and feeling helpless, David decided he needed help.
David called a psychologist specializing in addiction treatment. He started a regimen of individual, weekly CBT with imaginal desensitization and focus on stress management. David reported, however, that his urges to gamble were nearly constant, making it difficult for him to focus on the CBT homework. Given his intense urges coupled with a family history of alcohol abuse, he was prescribed naltrexone 50 mg/d. After 2 weeks, David reported that his urges to gamble decreased significantly and he was able to focus on CBT paradigm.
After 8 weeks of therapy and naltrexone treatment, David reported only gambling once and feeling much more able to handle stress in the workplace. He scheduled maintenance CBT sessions with his therapist and psychiatrist each month to reinforce the CBT skills learned and manage his now-minimal urges. At a 1-year follow-up, David had only gambled three times and reported feeling much more in control of his gambling and life.
This research was supported in part by an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (1RC1DA028279-01) and a Center for Excellence in Gambling Research grant by the National Center for Responsible Gaming (NCRG).
1.Argo TR, Black DW. Clinical characteristics. In: Grant JE, Potenza MN, eds. Pathological gambling: a clinical guide to treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004:39–54.
2.Petry NM, ed. Pathological gambling: etiology, comorbidity, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2005.
3.American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 1980.
4.Leeman RF, Potenza MN. Similarities and differences between pathological gambling and substance use disorders: a focus on impulsivity and compulsivity. Psychopharmacology (Berl)2012;219(2):469–490.
5.Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, et al. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010;36(5):233–241.
6.Holden C. Psychiatry. Behavioral addictions debut in proposed DSM-5. Science 2010;327(5968):935.
7.Lawrence AJ, Luty J, Bogdan NA, et al. Impulsivity and response inhibition in alcohol dependence and problem gambling. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;207(1):163–172.
8.Kallick MD, Suits T, Deilman T, et al. A survey of American gambling attitudes and behavior. Research report series Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1979.
9.Gerstein D, Murphy S, Toce M, et al. Gambling impact and behavior study: final report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Chicago, IL: National Opinion Research Center, 1999.
10.Welte J, Barnes G, Wieczorek W. Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity. J Stud Alcohol 2001;62(5):706–712.
11.Petry NM, Stinson FS, Grant BF. Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(5):564–574.
12.Shaffer HJ, Hall MN, Vander Bilt J. Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: a research synthesis. Am J Public Health1999;89(9):1369–1376.
13.Rush B, Veldhuizen S, Adlaf E. Mapping the prevalence of problem gambling and its association with treatment accessibility and proximity to gambling venues. J Gambl Issues2007;20:193–214.
14.Wardle H, Sproston K, Orford J, et al. British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2007. London: National Center for Social Research, 2007.
15.Bakken IJ, Götestam KG, Gråwe RW, et al. Gambling behavior and gambling problems in Norway 2007. Scand J Psychol 2009;50(4):333–339.
16.Tavares H, Carneiro E, Sanches M, et al. Gambling in Brazil: lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates. Psychiatry Res 2010;180(1):35–41.
17.Romo L, Legauffre C, Genolini C, et al. Prevalence of pathological gambling in the general population around Paris: preliminary study. Encephale 2011;37(4):278–283.
18.Erbas B, Buchner UG. Pathological gambling: prevalence, diagnosis, comorbidity, and intervention in Germany. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2012;109(10):173–179.
19.Lesieur HR, Blume SB, Zoppa RM. Alcoholism, drug abuse, and gambling. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1986;10(1):33–38.
20.Daghestani AN, Elenz E, Crayton JW. Pathological gambling in hospitalized substance abusing veterans. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57:360–363.
21.ANPAA, Nalpas B, Yguel J, Fleury B, et al. Pathological gambling in treatment-seeking alcoholics: a national survey in France. Alcohol Alcohol 2011;46(2):156–160.
22.Grant JE, Levine L, Kim D, et al. Impulse control disorders in adult psychiatric inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162(11):2184–2188.
23.Grant JE, Williams KA, Potenza MN. Impulse-control disorders in adolescent psychiatric inpatients: co-occurring disorders and sex differences. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68(10):1584–1592.
24.Aragay N, Roca A, Garcia B, et al. Pathological gambling in a psychiatric sample. Compr Psychiatry 2012;53(1):9–14.
25.Müller A, Rein K, Kollei I, et al. Impulse control disorders in psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Res 2011;188(3):434–438.
26.National Research Council. Pathological gambling: a critical review. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999.
27.Dickson-Gillespie L, Rugle L, Rosenthal R, et al. Preventing the incidence and harm of gambling problems. J Prim Prev 2008;29(1):37–55.
28.Volberg RA. Gambling and problem gambling in Iowa: a replication survey. Des Moines, IA: Report to the Iowa Department of Human Services, 1995.
29.Grant Stitt B, Nichols M, Giacopassi D. Perceptions of the extent of problem gambling within new casino communities. J Gambl Stud 2000;16(4):433–451.
30.Ibáñez A, Blanco C, Moreryra P, et al. Gender differences in pathological gambling. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64(3):295–301.
31.Grant JE, Chamberlain SR, Schreiber L, et al. Gender-related clinical neurocognitive differences in individuals seeking treatment for pathological gambling. J Psychiatr Res2012;46(9):1206–1211.
32.Grant JE, Potenza MN. Impulse control disorders: clinical characteristics and pharmacological management. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2004;16(1):27–34.
33.Slutske WS. Natural recovery and treatment-seeking in pathological gambling: results of two U.S. national surveys. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163(2):297–302.
34.Afifi TO, Cox BJ, Martens PJ, et al. Demographic and social variables associated with problem gambling among men and women in Canada. Psychiatry Res 2010;178(2):395–400.
35.Echeburúa E, González-Ortega I, de Corral P, et al. Clinical gender differences among adult pathological gamblers seeking treatment. J Gambl Stud 2011;27(2):215–227.
36.Crisp BR, Thomas SA, Jackson AC, et al. Not the same: a comparison of female and male clients seeking treatment from problem gambling counseling services. J Gambl Stud2004;20(3):283–299.
37.Ladd GT, Petry NM. Gender differences among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;10:501–507.
38.Grant JE, Kim SW. Gender differences in pathological gamblers seeking medication treatment. Comp Psychiatry 2002;43(1):56–62.
39.Potenza MN, Steinberg MA, McLaughlin SD, et al. Gender-related differences in the characteristics of problem gamblers using a gambling helpline. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158(9):1500–1505.
40.Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Mooney ME. Telescoping phenomenon in pathological gambling: association with gender and comorbidities. J Nerv Ment Dis 2012;200(11):996–998.
41.Slutske WS, Blaszczynski A, Martin NG. Sex differences in the rates of recovery, treatment-seeking, and natural recovery in pathological gambling: results from an Australian community-based twin survey. Twin Res Hum Genet 2009;12(5):425–432.
42.Odlaug BL, Marsch PH, Kim SW, et al. Strategic versus non-strategic gambling: characteristics of pathological gamblers based on gambling preference. Ann Clin Psychiatry2011;23(2):105–112.
43.Grant JE, Kim SW. Demographic and clinical characteristics of 131 adult pathological gamblers. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(12):957–962.
44.Vitaro F, Arseneault L, Tremblay RE. Dispositional predictors of problem gambling in male adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154: 1769–1770.
45.Wong G, Zane N, Saw A, et al. Examining gender differences for gambling engagement and gambling problems among emerging adults. J Gambl Stud 2013;29:171–189.
46.Pallanti S, Baldini Rossi N, Hollander E. Pathological gambling. In: Stein DJ, Hollander E, eds. Clinical manual of impulse control disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2006:251–289.
47.Black DW, Moyer T, Schlosser S. Quality of life and family history in pathological gambling. J Nerv Ment Disord 2003;191:124–126.
48.Grant JE, Kim SW. Quality of life in kleptomania and pathological gambling. Comp Psychiatry 2005;46(1):34–37.
49.Mythily S, Edimansyah A, Qiu S, et al. Quality of life in pathological gamblers in a multiethnic Asian setting. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40(6):264–268.
50.Morasco BJ, Vom Eigen KA, Petry NM. Severity of gambling is associated with physical and emotional health in urban primary care patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2006;28(2):94–100.
51.Morasco BJ, Petry NM. Gambling problems and health functioning in individuals receiving disability. Disabil Rehabil 2006;28(10):619–623.
52.Potenza MN, Fiellin DA, Heninger GR, et al. Gambling: an addictive behavior with health and primary care implications. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17(9):721–732.
53.Morasco BJ, Pietrzak RH, Blanco C, et al. Health problems and medical utilization associated with gambling disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosom Med 2006;68(6):976–984.
54.Pietrzak RH, Morasco BJ, Blanco C, et al. Gambling level and psychiatric and medical disorders in older adults: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007;15(4):301–313.
55.Parhami I, Siani A, Rosenthal RJ, et al. Pathological gambling, problem gambling and sleep complaints: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey: Replication (NCS-R). J Gambl Stud 2013;29:241.
56.Ledgerwood DM, Petry NM. Gambling and suicidality in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers. J Nerv Ment Disord 2004;192(10): 711–714.
57.Grant JE, Schreiber L, Odlaug BL, et al. Pathologic gambling and bankruptcy. Compr Psychiatry 2010;51(2):115–120.
58.Potenza MN, Steinberg MA, McLaughlin SD, et al. Illegal behaviors in problem gambling: an analysis of data from a gambling helpline. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2000;28:389–403.
59.Ledgerwood DM, Weinstock J, Morasco BJ, et al. Clinical features and treatment prognosis of pathological gamblers with and without recent gambling-related illegal behavior. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law2007;35(3):294–301.
60.Blaszczynski A, Silove D. Pathological gambling: forensic issues. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1996;30:358–369.
61.Lorains FK, Cowlishaw S, Thomas SA. Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. Addiction2011; 106(3):490–498.
62.Cunningham-Williams RM, Cottler LB, Compton WM III, et al. Taking chances: problem gamblers and mental health disorders— results from the St. Louis Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Am J Public Health 1998;88(7):1093–1096.
63.Wareham JD, Potenza MN. Pathological gambling and substance use disorders. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010;36(5):242–247.
64.Bland RC, Newman SC, Orn H, et al. Epidemiology of pathological gambling in Edmonton. Can J Psychiatry 1993;38(2):108–112.
65.Linden RD, Pope HG, Jonas JM. Pathological gambling and major affective disorders: preliminary findings. J Clin Psychiatry 1986;47:201–203.
66.Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry1994;51(1):8–19.
67.Grall-Bronnec M, Wainstein L, Augy J, et al. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among pathological and at-risk gamblers seeking treatment: a hidden disorder. Eur Addict Res2011;17(5):231–240.
68.McCormick RA, Russo AM, Rameriz LF, et al. Affective disorders among pathological gamblers seeking treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:215–218.
69.Black DW, Moyer T. Clinical features and psychiatric comorbidity of subjects with pathological gambling behavior. Psychiatr Serv 1998;49:1434–1439.
70.Specker SM, Carlson GA, Christenson GA, et al. Impulse control disorders and attention deficit disorder in pathological gamblers. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1995;7(4):175–179.
71.Potenza MN, Xian H, Shah K, et al. Shared genetic contributions to pathological gambling and major depression in men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(9):1015–1021.
72.Giddens JL, Stefanovics E, Pilver CE, et al. Pathological gambling severity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in individuals with and without anxiety disorders in a nationally representative sample. Psychiatry Res 2012;199:58.
73.Specker S, Carlson G, Edmonson K, et al. Psychopathology in pathological gamblers seeking treatment. J Gambl Stud 1996;12:67–81.
74.Blaszczynski A, Steel Z. Personality disorders among pathological gamblers. J Gambl Stud 1998;14:51–71.
75.Odlaug BL, Schreiber LR, Grant JE. Personality disorders and dimensions in pathological gambling. J Pers Disord 2012;26(3):381–392.
76.Compton WM, Conway KP, Stinson FS. Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of DSM-IV antisocial personality syndromes and alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(6):677–685.
77.Lenzenweger MF, Lane MC, Loranger AW, et al. DSM-IV personality disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62(6):553–564.
78.Slutske WS, Eisen S, Xian H, et al. A twin study of the association between pathological gambling and antisocial personality disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 2001;110(2):297–308.
79.Roy A, Adinoff B, Roehrich L, et al. Pathological gambling: a psychobiological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:369–373.
80.Ramirez LF, McCormack RA, Russo AM, et al. Patterns of substance abuse in pathological gamblers undergoing treatment. Addict Behav 1983;8:425–428.
81.Schreiber L, Odlaug BL, Kim SW, et al. Characteristics of pathological gamblers with a problem gambling parent. Am J Addict 2009;18(6):462–469.
82.Ibáñez A, Blanco C, Sáiz-Ruiz J. Neurobiology and genetics of pathological gambling. Psychiatr Ann 2002;32:181–185.
83.Versini A, LeGauffre C, Romo L, et al. Frequency of gambling problems among parents of pathological, versus nonpathological, casino gamblers using slot machines. Am J Addict2012;21(1):86–95.
84.Gambino B, Fitzgerald R, Shaffer HJ, et al. Perceived family history of problem gambling and scores on the SOGS. J Gambl Stud 1993;9:169–184.
85.Black DW, Monahan PO, Temkit M, et al. A family study of pathologic gambling. Psychiatry Res 2006;141(3):295–303.
86.Rosenthal RJ. Psychodynamic psychotherapy and the treatment of pathological gambling. Brazil J Psychiatry 2008;(30 Suppl 1):S41–S50.
87.Hodgins DC, Peden N, Cassidy E. The association between comorbidity and outcome in pathological gambling: a prospective follow-up of recent quitters. J Gambl Stud 2005;21(3):255–271.
88.Petry NM, Ammerman Y, Bohl J, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006;74(3):555–567.
89.Stewart RM, Brown RI. An outcome study of gamblers anonymous. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:284–288.
90.Taber JI, McCormick RA, Ramirez LF. The prevalence and impact of major life stressors among pathological gamblers. Int J Addict 1987;22(1):71–79.
91.Ladouceur R, Jacques C, Giroux I, et al. Analysis of a casino’s self-exclusion program. J Gambl Stud 2000;16(4):453–460.
92.Ladouceur R, Sylvain C, Gosselin P. Self-exclusion program: a longitudinal evaluation study. J Gambl Stud 2007;23(1):85–94.
93.Nelson SE, Kleschinsky JH, LaBrie RA, et al. One decade of self exclusion: Missouri casino self-excluders four to ten years after enrollment. J Gambl Stud 2010;26(1):129–144.
94.Hayer T, Meyer G. Self-exclusion as a harm minimization strategy: evidence for the casino sector from selected European countries. J Gambl Stud 2011;27(4):685–700.
95.Hodgins DC, Stea JN, Grant JE. Gambling disorders. Lancet 2011;378(9806):1874–1884.
96.Sylvain C, Ladouceur R, Boisvert JM. Cognitive and behavioral treatment of pathological gambling: a controlled study. J Couns Clin Psychol 1997;65(5):727–732.
97.Ladouceur R, Sylvain C, Boutin C, et al. Cognitive treatment of pathological gambling. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001;189(11):774–780.
98.Ladouceur R, Sylvain C, Boutin C, et al. Group therapy for pathological gamblers: a cognitive approach. Behav Res Ther 2003;41(5):587–596.
99.McConaghy N, Armstrong MS, Blaszczynski A, et al. Controlled comparison of aversive therapy and imaginal desensitization in compulsive gambling. Br J Psychiatry 1983;142:366–372.
100.McConaghy N, Armstrong MS, Blaszczynski A, et al. Behavior completion versus stimulus control in compulsive gambling. Implications for behavioral assessment. Behav Mod1988;12(3):371–384.
101.McConaghy N, Blaszczynski A, Frankova A. Comparison of imaginal desensitisation with other behavioural treatments of pathological gambling: a two- to nine-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 1991;159:390–393.
102.Echeburúa E, Baez C, Fernández-Montalvo J. Comparative effectiveness of three therapeutic modalities in psychological treatment of pathological gambling: long term outcome. Behav Cogn Psychother1996;24:51–72.
103.Milton S, Crino R, Hunt C, et al. The effect of compliance-improving interventions on the cognitive-behavioural treatment of pathological gambling. J Gambl Stud 2002;18(2):207–229.
104.Melville CL, Davis CS, Matzenbacher DL, et al. Node-link-mapping-enhanced group treatment for pathological gambling. Addict Behav 2004;29:73–87.
105.Marceaux JC, Melville CL. Twelve-step facilitated versus mapping-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy for pathological gambling: a controlled study. J Gambl Stud 2011;27(1):171–190.
106.Wulfert E, Blanchard EB, Freidenberg BM. Retaining pathological gamblers in cognitive behavior therapy through motivational enhancement. Behav Mod 2006;30(3):315–340.
107.Grant JE, Donahue CB, Odlaug BL, et al. Imaginal desensitisation plus motivational interviewing for pathological gambling: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2009;195(3):266–267.
108.Grant JE, Donahue CB, Odlaug BL. Treatments that work: Treating impulse control disorders: A cognitive-behavioral therapy program – Therapist guide. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.
109.Grant JE, Donahue CB, Odlaug BL. Treatments that work: Treating impulse control disorders: A cognitive-behavioral therapy program – Patient workbook. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.
110.Grant JE, Donahue CB, Odlaug BL, et al. A 6-month follow-up of imaginal desensitization plus motivational interviewing in the treatment of pathological gambling. Ann Clin Psychiatry2011;23(1):3–10.
111.Carlbring P, Smit F. Randomized trial of internet-delivered self-help with telephone support for pathological gamblers. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008;76(6):1090–1094.
112.Carlbring P, Degerman N, Jonsson J, et al. Internet-based treatment of pathological gambling with a three-year follow-up. Cogn Behav Ther 2012;41:321.
113.Oei TP, Raylu N, Casey LM. Effectiveness of group and individual formats of a combined motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral treatment program for problem gambling: a randomized controlled trial. Behav Cogn Psychother 2010;38(2):233–238.
114.Dickerson M, Hinchy, J, England SL. Minimal treatments and problem gamblers: a preliminary investigation. J Gambl Stud 1990;6(1):87–102.
115.Diskin KM, Hodgins DC. A randomized controlled trial of a single session motivational intervention for concerned gamblers. Behav Res Ther 2009;47:382–388.
116.Petry NM, Weinstock J, Morasco BJ, et al. Brief motivational interventions for college student problem gamblers. Addiction 2009;104(9):1569–1578.
117.Hodgins DC, Currie S, el-Guebaly N. Motivational enhancement and self-help treatments for problem gambling. J Couns Clin Psychol 2001;69(1):50–57.
118.Hodgins DC, Currie S, el-Guebaly N, et al. Brief motivational treatment for problem gambling: a 24-month follow-up. Psychol Addict Behav 2004;18(3):293–296.
119.Hodgins DC, Holub A. Treatment of problem gambling. In: Smith G, Hodgins DC, Williams RJ, eds. Research and measurement issues in gambling studies. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2007:371–397.
120.Hodgins DC, Currie SR, Currie G, et al. Randomized trial of brief motivational treatments for pathological gamblers: More is not necessarily better. J Consult Clin Psychol2009;77(5):950–960.
121.Carlbring P, Jonsson J, Josephson H, et al. Motivational interviewing versus cognitive behavioral group therapy in the treatment of problem and pathological gambling: a randomized controlled trial. Cogn Behav Ther 2010;39(2):92–103.
122.Cunningham JA, Hodgins DC, Toneatto T, et al. A randomized controlled trial of personalized feedback intervention for problem gamblers. PLoS One 2012:7(2):e31586.
123.Kim SW, Grant JE, Adson DE, et al. Double-blind naltrexone and placebo comparison study in the treatment of pathological gambling. Biol Psychiatry 2001;49(11):914–921.
124.Grant JE, Kim SW, Hartman, BK. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the opiate antagonist, naltrexone, in the treatment of pathological gambling urges. J Clin Psychiatry2008;69(5):783–789.
125.Grant JE, Potenza MN, Hollander E, et al. Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163(2):303–312.
126.Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Potenza MN, et al. Nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling: multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry 2010;197(4):330–331.
127.Sáiz-Ruiz J, Blanco C, Ibáñez A, et al. Sertraline treatment of pathological gambling: a pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(1):28–33.
128.Hollander E, DeCaria CM, Finkell JN, et al. A randomized double-blind fluvoxamine/placebo crossover trial in pathologic gambling. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47(9):813–817.
129.Blanco C, Petkova E, Ibáñez A, et al. A pilot placebo-controlled study of fluvoxamine for pathological gambling. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2002;14(1):9–15.
130.Kim SW, Grant JE, Adson DE, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine in the treatment of pathological gambling. J Clin Psychiatry2002;63(6):501–507.
131.Grant JE, Kim SW, Potenza MN, et al. Paroxetine treatment of pathological gambling: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18(4):243–249.
132.Grant JE, Potenza MN. Escitalopram treatment of pathological gambling with co-occurring anxiety: an open-label pilot study with double-blind discontinuation. Int Clin Psychopharmacol2006;21(4):203–209.
133.Black DW, Arndt S, Coryell WH, et al. Bupropion in the treatment of pathological gambling: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study. J Clin Psychopharmacol2007;27(2):143–150.
134.Berlin HA, Braun A, Simeon D, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate for pathological gambling. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013;14:121.
135.Hollander E, Pallanti S, Allen, A, et al. Does sustained-release lithium reduce impulsive gambling and affective instability versus placebo in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders? Am J Psychiatry 2005;162(1):137–145.
136.Grant JE, Kim SW, Odlaug BL. N-acetyl cysteine, a glutamate-modulating agent, in the treatment of pathological gambling: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62(6):652–657.
137.Fong T, Kalechstein A, Bernhard B, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine for the treatment of video poker pathological gamblers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav2008;89(3):298–303.
138.McElroy SL, Nelson EB, Welge JA, et al. Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a negative randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69(3):433–440.
139.Kalivas PW, Peters J, Knackstedt L. Animal models and brain circuits in drug addiction. Mol Interv 2006;6(6):339–344.
140.Petry NM. Pathological gambling: etiology, comorbidity, and treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2005.
141.Raylu N, Oei TP. A Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Programme for Problem Gambling. East Sussex, UK: Routledge, 2010.

domain: medical


Sevierville woman says husband has 2 other wives
SEVIERVILLE, TN (AP) -- A Sevierville man faces bigamy charges after his wife told police he has two other wives.
Terrie Marion reported 42-year-old Phillip Marion to police on Wednesday. He turned himself in and was released on $1,000 bond.
Terrie Marion told The Mountain Press (http://bit.ly/190R5zX) she has been married since 2002. She says she knew her husband had a son in South Carolina from another marriage, but she did not realize until recently he was still married to the mother. She said she learned this week that he also has a third wife in Ohio.
She is hoping to have her marriage annulled.
In Tennessee, bigamy is a misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a $2,500 fine.
No number was listed for Phillip Marion in the phone directory.
Information from: The Mountain Press, http://www.themountainpress.com
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
- Former star heroine to be paired opposite Rajinikanth?
- Saamy²’s Telugu motion poster is a mass treat for Vikram’s fans
- Sterlite Protests Rock Tamil Nadu; Case Filed Against Kamal Haasan
- Samantha’s U Turn Remake Progressing Briskly
- Star kids are always under constant pressure- Ram Charan
Poll : Which among these films are you excited to watch this weekend ?
Published on Sep 29, 2016 3:23 pm IST


text:
Redemption comes by suffering with and for and instead of rather than pointing out sin from the sidelines. E. Stanley Jones
Much of my other work is done in the area of Christian Education and formation, which boils down to helping others, and myself become “thin places.” On Wednesdays I will share things that I am involved in or working with in this particular area.
One of my practices is to use a daily devotional guide throughout the year. I have a variety that I have collected over the years and I put them on a year to year rotation system. Last year I used a book that was purchased at the end of 2012, but was a reprint of a much older book. i found it in the strangest of places, a remainder shop that I frequent which while popular is not widely known for harboring devotional materials. The book “The Way” was authored by E. Stanley Jones, a missionary whose work I became familiar with on my mission to India in 2008/2009. E. Stanley Jones was a Methodist missionary to India who was influential with Ghandi and other leaders of India. I had the great fortune to stay at the Ashram he established for Christian retreats in Northern India. So I had this unusual connection to this devotional resource.
This book was a reprint, the original publication date was 1946, and contained many references to historical events. Jones commented on World war II as a fresh event, not one that occurred more than half a century later. The devotional contains many references to his work with the governmental leaders of India, as well as the growing Christian presence in that country. One of his most significant contributions was to create an understanding that Christianity in India could not be in the same context as Christianity in the west.
Context. That is an important concept that the church seems to be struggling with today. All too often we are the ones pointing out sins, and not stepping on to the playing field and working together. We become “thin places” for ourselves and others when we realize that our formational events become transformative, for ourselves and others, when we take our place along side others.


text:
Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Based on the Japanese yen and Canadian dollar direct quotes by a bank, the effective yen per Canadian dollar cross-rate quotation is Y/C$ = 85.55-85.75. What would be the effective Canadian dollar per yen cross-rate, C$/Y, quotation?
At a recent trade show, demonstration of the machines resulted in significant dealer interest. In fact, the number of orders that BFI received at the trade show far exceeded
MCO 201 - What is the price of a three year bond with a coupon of 5% when yields (interest rates) are 3% - you hold a four year bond with a price of 97.6% and a coupon of 4%.
The company's managers want to reduce the firm's cash holdings down to $1,000,000 by paying $500,000 in cash to expand the firm's truck fleet and using $1,500,000 in cash to
What is the accumlated Sum of the following stream of payments? $11,753 every year at the beginning of the year for 13 years, at 5.88 percent, compounded annually. Round the
Customer notes of P60,000 were discounted with recourse during the year, proceeds from their transfer being P58,500. Of this total, P48,000 matured during the year without n
Merideth Harper has invested $25,000 in Southwest Development Company. The firm has recently declared bankruptcy and has $60,000 in unpaid debts. Explain the nature of pay
Suppose the December CBOT Treasury bond futures contract has a quoted price of 80-07. If annual interest rates go up by 1.00 percentage point, what is the gain or loss on th
a) How much of the variance in length of relationship can be explained by compatibility and attraction? b) How much of an improvement in prediction is gained by using both p
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd

domain: economics


text:
How an Information Architect & Content Strategist Co-Conquered a Rapid Redesign
Originally published at www.eightshapes.com on September 18, 2011.
I recently participated in a project that offered a good opportunity to partner with a content strategist. Though I’ve been in the business for more than a decade, this was my first content-rich design project after becoming more involved with content strategy.
The project was a particularly good testbed since it was a small effort with clearly-defined scope. And after seeing so much chatter in the community about relationships between information architects and content strategists, I knew this project would let me experience it first-hand.
The project entailed a rapid redesign of a content-centric web site. The design challenges were typical:
- Users didn’t understand the site structure or navigation mechanisms.
- Users couldn’t easily follow the existing content: it wasn’t scannable or chunked effectively.
- Content that users valued was either buried or missing completely.
- The site needed to be launched yesterday.
But while the design problems were straightforward, we had to answer the trickier “who’s doing what” questions before we could make progress. The challenge was compounded since my colleague (the CS) and I (the IA) came from two different organizations and had never worked together.
Task Sharing FTW
Here’s what we did. First we identified all the required tasks and then decided who would “lead” them. We communicated these responsibilities to the rest of the team, including the project manager and sponsor. By starting with tasks, we ensured that the team was focused on activities and outcomes, not who was going to do it. The resulting “wall of work” diminished any squabbling over individual ownership of specific things: there was a lot of work to go around.
Here’s a snapshot of the ‘assignment’ matrix we used:
After work started, we (the IA and CS) were highly collaborative–despite owning particular tasks–and often deferential to each other along the way. If one of us had a useful insight, we always had an opportunity to share and see it integrated into the design. In short, we didn’t let our egos get in the way of getting the best product.
How you divide tasks on your project is up to you, but here’s how we did it:
IA took the lead, CS backed-up:
- Formulating and facilitating user research
- Clarifying platform capabilities and what could and couldn’t be done given functional limitations.
- Defining the information architecture & navigation model to use
- Defining the primary content types (eg, Article, Post, Course, Event)
- Laying out the content at the page level (after it was written) and all interface controls.
CS took the lead, IA backed-up:
- Stress-testing the information architecture based on actual content. (e.g. Can this structure work based on what we have and what we need? Do we really need this page given the volume of content?)
- Mapping existing content to the new site structure.
- Identifying new content or content to be rewritten.
- Deciding on final navigation labels.
- Creating the call-to-action strategy.
- Writing the content (with consistent theme, tone, & voice).
In the end, the project released on-time and on-budget and with a very satisfied customer. Obviously a big part of this was knowing what we needed to do and how to do it with the resources at the table. Task assignments aside, it was clear that a harmonious working relationship was more important than the team’s technical chops.
To that end, here are a few guidelines to help these roles work together effectively and fluidly:
1. Define all of the tasks first, then assign task “leaders”.
Don’t attempt to define and assign tasks for IAs and CSs independently. Instead, have at least one face-to-face planning session where you talk about all of the project’s tasks first, and then assign leadership. This may feel painful at first, but establishing the relationship and clearing out any uncertainties early on is healthy for the project and the ensuing collaboration.
2. Make design decisions collaboratively.
Have as many “in the weeds” meetings as you can to discuss and decide on direction on both information architecture and content direction (instead of deferring solution and decisions to an individual after the meeting). Work it out together right then and there. Our navigation labels, call-to-action strategy, and info visualizations were several design decisions we arrived at collaboratively.
3. Loosen ‘role-based’ assignments in favor of individual competencies
Often a person’s role on a project is much less important than the knowledge that they bring from past experiences. Acknowledging and tapping into these talents, insights, and experiences will elevate your conversations. Giving all the participants a voice in the design process results in healthy, productive teams and better products.
4. Check egos at the door.
Remember that even as you discuss task “ownership,” you’re all working toward the same goal. And in the end, who does what is much less important than delivering a good product. The minute it becomes about “what the [insert any IA/CS/UX book here] says you’re supposed to be doing” versus what the project demands, you’re off track.

domain: design


The disclosure by dribs and drabs of the Kissinger Commission's report on Central America is a sad mistake. The commission's focus is in grave danger of shifting from a national need - what US policy should be toward that area - to factional squabbling.
Individual aspects of the draft of the overall statement, which may or may not be in the final version now on the brink of release, are being pored over without the context of the whole. Political positions are being staked out on specific issues, and support built as the result of the manipulation of this disclosure.
The key contention so far is over presidential certification of human rights progress, as Congress demands.
This is hardly a new moment in American history. Members of some previous government commissions have similarly impeded their group's prospects for success by leaking information and seeking to build support for their views even before the report was published.
Today the need is immense for a statesmanlike, bipartisan approach to the grave foreign policy challenges represented by Central America. Instead there is political maneuvering and institutional bickering between the White House and some in Congress over the degree of Capitol Hill involvement in making policy.
El Salvador is a case in point. Guerrillas have dealt the dispirited Army two stunning defeats in recent weeks, and the government has made little apparent progress in ensuring that the country will be safe from right-wing terrorism. At this rate El Salvador's presidential elections in March could produce a right-wing victory. The combination of these events could convince Congress, and the American public, that US participation in El Salvador at any level is tantamount to walking into quicksand. As a result, continuance of US aid, both economic and military, could shortly be in serious jeopardy.
What is needed now is for the surfacing of sound ideas for US policy toward El Salvador, which is precisely where the Kissinger group is supposed to come in. Some of the ideas that have come from it in unofficial and snippet form might make excellent sense - depending on the overall context of the document.
Leaked information has spoken of a commission view that much of the pressure for change in Central America comes from the desire of the underclasses for much-needed reform, since the Soviet Union would take advantage of unrest. Ostensibly the report speaks of pressuring the Salvadorean government for increased human rights, more land reform, greater economic progress, and a more effective Army. In return, it has been reported, the commission would recommend increased military and economic aid. Nothing thus far released indicates proposals are being made for dramatic new directions in US policy toward El Salvador or the rest of Central America.
One current danger is that so much commission material has oozed out that the public, and some politicians, are already tiring of the subject. Worse, they may have set their views in mental concrete on the basis of the repeated leaks and accompanying political jockeying.
Nevertheless, once the report is released in toto, it is important that Americans carefully assess its recommendations and their context. All Americans - whether it's the President, member of Congress, or other citizen - need to keep their thinking open: No proposals should be rejected without thought.