text:
Get a killer deal on this improbable sequel because of Cyber Monday gross sales
Up to date: Nov 7, 2022 3:47 pm
Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West offers are coming shortly to our shops. This sport got here out later within the 12 months so it is going to be the primary time it’s featured within the Cyber Monday sale.
The sport goes to be an ideal pick-up for any Horizon Zero Daybreak fan in addition to only a one who likes the open-world sport as a result of it’s beautiful on this one.
Horizon Forbidden West is without doubt one of the greatest sequels that ever got here out and that basically is saying one thing.
Be certain to see the remainder article for the most effective Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West offers of 2022!
Greatest Horizon Forbidden West Offers 2022
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The place to Discover the Greatest Horizon Forbidden West Cyber Monday Offers?
PlayStation Retailer will now have Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West offers as it’s a PlayStation-exclusive title. The Cyber Monday sale is the right alternative to seize a few of these AAA video games revealed by Sony for your self.
Moreover, there can be lots of gross sales at your native retail retailer and among the largest shops like Amazon. Learn what’s for you beneath!
Horizon Forbidden West Cyber Monday Gross sales Shortlist:
- Amazon – Offers on all the pieces from video games to PCs
- Steam – Massive offers yearly for Cyber Monday
- Inexperienced Man Gaming – Save massive on AAA titles this Cyber Monday
Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West Offers
This 12 months is filled with video games, together with offers like Horizon Forbidden West. Be part of this Cyber Monday 2022 sale and reap the benefits of unimaginable reductions and keep tuned to this submit for all the brand new Cyber
PlayStation Plus 12-month membership
Marvel’s Spider-Man: Miles Morales Normal Launch Version – PlayStation 5
Far Cry 6 Normal Version – PlayStation 5
Ratchet & Clank: Rift Aside Launch Version – PlayStation 5
Madden NFL 22 Normal Version – PlayStation 5
Demon’s Souls Normal Version – PlayStation 5
PlayStation – Pulse 3D Wi-fi Headset (Appropriate for each PlayStation 4 & PlayStation 5)
PlayStation 5 – DualSense Wi-fi Controller – Cosmic Pink
PlayStation Plus 12-month membership (USA) PSN Key
When will Horizon Forbidden West Cyber Monday Gross sales Begin in 2022?
Cyber Monday this 12 months takes place on the primary Monday after Black Friday Sale in 2022. There can be many different reasonably priced video games accessible throughout Cyber Monday 2022!
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The way to Get the Greatest Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West Offers in 2022?
The launch of Horizon Forbidden West befell on February 18, 2022. Cyber Monday 2022 kicks off nearly a 12 months after February 2022, so the incentives can be enormous once you return the title to folks as part of the Cyber Monday 2022 sale and revisit the beautiful world of Horizon.
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Elements to Take into account When Searching for Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West Offers?
Horizon Forbidden West is the second installment in a Horizon collection by Guerilla Video games. It includes a huge open world with tons of issues to do. It’s a story-driven sport with a number of aspect quests.
There are lots of mechanical creatures you could hunt for, battle and even journey or fly round on them. The sport options Aloy and her adventures that may hold you immersed for a lot of, many hours.
Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West FAQs
Is Horizon Forbidden West Going to be on Sale Throughout Cyber Monday 2022?
More than likely sure. The sport is nearly a 12 months previous at this level and it’ll in all probability characteristic closely throughout Cyber Monday 2022.
Are Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West Offers 2022 Really Good?
Sure. The sport is already an excellent title and essential sport for any PlayStation consumer. Get pleasure from among the greatest Cyber Monday Horizon Forbidden West offers of 2022.
Is Cyber Monday 2022 a Good Time to Purchase Video games?
Sure, it is without doubt one of the largest gross sales of the 12 months relating to digital content material and that features video games and gaming offers.

domain: hobby


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With endless miles of soft beach and an abundance of tropical delight, Sardinia is the stuff of fairy tales.
If you’ve been dreaming about this beautiful island off the coast of Sicily, and are finally adding it to your bucket list, there are a couple of things to consider. Those include the best places to stay, where to visit, delicacies, secluded getaways, and more.
Here are a few tips to ensure your time in Sardinia is an unforgettable one:
When to travel
Sardinia has its charm no matter what time of the year you prefer to make the trip.
However, the months between April and August are especially magical. The temperatures have reached a nice optimum, allowing for maximum beach time, while the floral blossoms are thriving. Festivals and important events are also plenty at this time, offering countless opportunities for cultural experiences.
Public transportation is commendable, but you should rent a car so you can follow the many adventures across dirt roads.
Where to stay in Sardinia
Accommodation or housing is always a big deal when on holiday. Sardinia can get a little busy especially over the summer, but the key is always to make arrangements ahead of time.
First, you need to figure out if you’ll travel alone or with family. A hotel room might not offer the best experience for large travel parties. In that case, you’ll want to consider a couple of luxury villas Sardinia. These villas tend to have great ocean views and rustic Italian architecture, complete with all the modern luxuries, not forgetting enough space to sleep many guests.
Some popular villa destinations include Cala Gonone, Carloforte, San Teodoro, and Porto Cervo, among many others.
Sardinia is a European Union member state, so if you are visiting from within the continent, you’ll not need a visa. In terms of currency, the euro is the common means of transaction. While credit cards are widely accepted, some loose change for remote joints can come in handy.
Where to visit
Saving the best for last, Sardinia’s most impressive attractions include secluded Costa Rei. The area is famous for sunny shores, and crystal-clear water with mountain vistas.
If you are a fan of boating, the Asinara islands offer perfect sailing conditions and many hidden gems. The Maddalena archipelago is also an excellent option. Meanwhile, Cagliari, Sardinia’s biggest city, is perfect for history buffs and anyone really with an appreciation of Venetian cityscapes.
The most scenic village in Sardinia has to be Bosa. Its beautiful buildings are matched only by the dreamy river it faces. What’s more, it is home to Malaspina castle.
Don’t forget to check out the fairy houses (Domus de Janas or house of giants). These are found everywhere around the island, but one of the standout ones include S’Ena e Tomes.
And that’s it for this guide, but we’ll leave you with a few hints about culinary treasures for your wish list. The seafood fregola and the Zuppa Gallurese (looks a lot like lasagna) taste like absolute heaven. Bottarga, the traditional octopus salad, and the Procheddu, or suckling pig, are also a must-try.
Don’t forget to snack on the Culurgiones and Seadas as well!

domain: travel


I’m sorry for my absence, but as you know- I am an “artist” and I had to get out on the road and make that bread! This winter’s tour of the Soul of Gospel Revue was incredibly amazing and actually, The Ladybug is going to tell you more about it. At any rate, I’m here to pick up where I left off. This includes my sharing something with you that happened in November just before rehearsals for the tour got underway.
Near the end of October we received an invitation to go to a show to be held at the legendary Trees in Dallas’ historic Deep Ellum District.
Deep Ellum is the infamous Entertainment (arts, music & subculture) District of Dallas. It’s where many artists once demanded to stop while on tour and where many new artists, like Edie Brickell, cut their teeth and…
View original post 600 more words


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Deepika Padukone has spoken out about the relationships between the Bollywood heroines.
Writing for The Times of India, the actress said that it was difficult for the actresses to maintain friendships.
"Heroines can be friendly. However, no two heroines can be friends. The reasons are simple. First we are all vying for the same roles so we're direct competitors. Competitors cannot be friends. Second we are all extremely busy. When we have a little time we want to spend it with family or friends who are not connected to the industry," she said.
The Love Aaj Kal star was reported to have had a difficult relationship with Kareena Kapoor but attributed this to the media.
"It is not as if we want to gorge each other's eyes out. We are definitely civil with one another. Too much is made by the media about my interactions with Kareena Kapoor or Katrina Kaif," she added.
"When Kareena is on set with Saif we are very cordial. As for Katrina, yes I bumped into her at Karan Johar's party and we did say hello and shake hands. Again that doesn't qualify for a friendship."
Padukone recently appeared on Karan Johar's chatshow Koffee with Karan with Sonam Kapoor, who also dated Ranbir Kapoor.
"I like Sonam Kapoor a lot, but we have not been able to keep a friendship going. The reason is simple. We are both so busy. With the guys it is easier to have a nice equation. I like Imran Khan and his wife Avantika. We hung out during Break Ke Baad. And even now it would easier for me to do dinner with Imran and Avantika than any of the heroines."

domain: celebrity


text:
Sometimes, amidst the hustle and bustle of life, one forgets to take a moment to themselves. But enjoying time with nature, immersing yourself in a luxe spa, and heading to a little staycation hotel within or right outside your city can have a huge impact on your well-being, which is precisely where city escapes come into play. Stepping away from your computer and everyday stressors is important for your mental health. And honestly, your escape doesn’t have to be far. It can even be staying at a nice hotel in your city for a night filled with room service and lounging around in hotel robes.
Not sure where to go? Luckily, there is a whole slew of staycation hotels to haul yourself off to. Whether you’re looking to stay in a design-centered boutique establishment to check out one of the world’s best bookstores in Portland or simply spend a few days basking in the sun on a private resort close to Miami, the hotels ahead will provide you with the serenity you’ve been looking for. So if you’re in need of some ideas for your next city escape, TZR compiled a list of some travel expert-recommended havens. Keep reading for nine of the approved spots to provide you with a few days of zen.
Miraval Berkshires Resort: Lenox, Massachusetts
If you’re looking for a place to catch some real R+R, Miraval Berkshires is just for you. The property, which is centrally located between New York City and Boston, offers health-centric dining options, an award-winning spa, and anything you can think of that falls under the umbrella of wellness, including rescued horses for equine therapy and beekeeping classes to connect with nature.
Calamigos Guest Ranch & Beach Club: Malibu, California
Tucked away in the Malibu mountains, the historic Calamigos Guest Ranch truly feels a million miles away from the hectic streets of Los Angeles (despite being only about 45 minutes or so outside the city). The luxury resort encompasses a 250-acre ranch in the heart of the area’s wine region, an oceanfront beach club exclusively for guests, a spa, and the coziest accommodations that include private cottages, bungalows, and estate rooms. Spend your days wine tasting, pool- or beach-dwelling, and dining at the iconic Malibu Café and watch your cares and worries slowly melt away.
Hotel Grand Stark: Portland, Oregon
Brandon Berkson, founder of Hotels Above Par, a digital website aimed at sharing the best boutique hotels around the world, dubs Portland, Oregon, as one of his favorite city escapes and Hotel Grand Stark is a top pick of his. “Regarding boutique hotels that are design-centric in the city, Hotel Grand Stark Ranks high — the lobby’s vintage furnishing, marble accents, and pops of hunter green thoughtfully pay homage to the Pacific Northwest.” Berkson recommends checking out the medley of different walkable neighborhoods, including the Pearl District that hosts one of the world’s best bookstores, and eating your way through its incredible food truck scene.
The Boca Raton: Boca, Florida
For those looking to escape Miami, The Boca Raton is just a quick 45-minute drive from the city. The property spans 37 acres, featuring everything from a 50,000 square foot spa to a private beach, and feels like its own personal island — even though it’s so close to the city. The second you check in, whether it’s to the private bungalows or the newly renovated rooms at The Tower, you won’t have to lift a finger, which is what truly makes this resort magical.
Ghost Light Inn: New Hope, Pennsylvania
Sometimes, the secret to a restorative getaway is simply beautiful views and delicious food. Brian Kelly, the founder of The Points Guy, a digital publication aimed at helping readers maximize their travel experiences, recommends heading to the Ghost Light Inn. “It’s in the center of New Hope, next to Bucks County Playhouse, and has one of the best restaurants in the area, Stella.” The best part? It’s right on the Delaware River, so you’ll get unparalleled views from your room.
Castle Hot Springs: Morristown, Arizona
Take some time to recharge your social battery at Castle Hot Springs. Located just 50 miles outside of Phoenix, Arizona, the 1,100-acre hideaway is a 30-room desert oasis centered around natural geothermal hot springs. On-site, you’ll find guided horseback rides, hiking trails, and an extensive wellness menu with treatment therapies and body rituals based on maximizing the benefits of the hot springs. In addition, all the dining at the property is farm-to-table, which only adds to the true wellness experience that you’ll have there.
El Encanto, A Belmond Hotel: Santa Barbara, California
Perched on top of the Santa Barbara hills, El Encanto, A Belmond Hotel, offers yet another perfect getaway from Los Angeles (about two hours out of the city). With 7 acres of private gardens, the resort is the ideal spot to lounge poolside, stroll through nature, or enjoy a glass of local wine while taking in the breathtaking views around you. Spend some time perusing the lush grounds, arrange for the hotel to take you on a tour of some local wineries, or do a beachside sound bath meditation to maximize the experience.
White Porch Inn: Provincetown, Massachusetts
For a family-oriented getaway, head to Provincetown, Massachusetts. Kelly dubs it as one of his favorite escapes, and considers it to be one of the most charming towns in America. “It’s a great place to get your dose of Americana and cuteness, and White Porch Inn is within walking distance of everything.” During your visit, you can spend some time relaxing on the porch, take a boat tour of Cape Cod, or lounge around on one of the nearby beaches during the warmer months.
Thompson Denver: Denver, Colorado
Whether you’re into resetting with a hike through the mountains or relaxing your mind with a tour of incredible street art, you’ll want to head to Denver, Colorado. “It’s one of the USA's most underrated cities,” explains Berkson. Specifically, he advises heading to The Beer Spa, a one-of-a-kind pampering experience that offers treatments using different healthy ingredients found in beer. And, while you’re there, Berkson recommends staying at The Thompson Denver. “It’s my favorite boutique hotel in the city, especially with its sixth-floor cocktail bar Reynard Social — in addition to creative cocktails, the bar has sweeping views of the city from its floor-to-ceiling windows.”
Nemacolin: Farmington, Pennsylvania
Slip away from New York City or Pittsburgh with a jaunt to Nemacolin. The 2,200-acre property houses an outdoor sculpture garden, pools, and a holistic healing center that does treatments like saltwater float therapy and acupuncture, along with traditional facials and massages. Head up for a weekend away with your friends or take advantage of one of the property’s different retreats, which range from yoga to healing arts.

domain: geography


LANGPRO 646: Transportation Policy and Smart Growth
This Course Examines How Transportation Policy And Decisions Can Alleviate Or Prevent Problems Resulting From Urban Sprawl. How Can Transportation Decisions And Planning Contribute To More Livable Urban Designs And Land Use Patterns That Promote Smart Growth That Is Environmentally And Ecologically Sustainable? Students Discuss How Different Environmental Medialand Water And Airare Affected By Our Transportation Systems And Resulting Development Patterns And How The Design Of Transportation Systemsthe Highways Roads Transit Systems And Bike And Walk Pathscan More Closely Harmonize With Nature And Provide Communities With A Better Quality Of Life. A Wide Range Of Policy Options Is Examined From Altering The Structure Of Road Pricing To Redesigning Neighborhoods And Altering Urban Form. A Number Of Case Studies Are Examined To Illuminate The Issues And Principles Raised In The Course.... more »
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I made this cake for my grandson's 1st birthday. I make other types of cakes out of my home as a small business.
Bake any character you like out of a Wilton pan. Make a sheet cake also. Ice sheet cake & lay character cake on top of sheet cake. Follow directions on character pan. There are more steps to this but that's the basic idea.

domain: artistic


Tech Director Mondo here with your good jam of the day.
Today's good jam is "Ugly Boy" by Die Antwoord off their third album Donker Mag
I've been a huge fan of Die Antwoord's music, live performances and their unique videos. Some of my favorite music videos are Zef Side, Fatty Boom Boom, and Enter the Ninja.
This weekend the South African duo have a casting call for their latest single "Ugly Boy" click here for details
Twitter, Facebook, Instagram
Die Antwoord - Ugly Boy **NEW** from Daniel Gilchrist on Vimeo.


text:
Absolutely love my new Ikea makeup vanity - absolutely no idea how I managed to live without it! This post contains way too many photos of how I use it to store my makeup, and how the dressing table looks in my newly decorated all-white bedroom. Oh and it's an - Ikea Malm dressing table, with an acrylic ghost chair and makeup vanity with lights!
Hedgehogs were once a common sight in British gardens, but figures suggest that their population is declining at a rapid rate – so much so in fact, that hedgehog numbers declined by over a third between 2003 and 2012.There are many contributing factors to this decline, including habitat loss, new roads, increased road traffic, and gardens being built with impenetrable walls and fences. However, there are things you can do to help
I originally did this tutorial for 100LayerCake.com, and it remains one of my favorite projects. Here I’ll share the original post, plus some extra photos and details about how I make paper roses. These unique flowers can be bound into bouquets, or worked into creative centerpieces and decorations. I use [...]
Ikea Craft Rooms - 10 Organizing Ideas from REAL Ikea Craft Rooms ⋆ Page 10 of 11
The BEST ideas for IKEA furniture and storage for CRAFT ROOMS! See a bunch of videos for Ikea Craft Rooms and there's even a photo series of a craft room from an IKEA store show room. LOVE THESE IDEAS!
Easy Finger Knitting Bunny DIY - Oh-My-CUTENESS!!! How DARLING are these Finger knitted bunnies???? They are just the cutest! If your kids are into finger knitting and you are looking for new finger knitting projects, check out these cute DIY Bunny Rabbit
5 Minute Drawstring Bag Sewing Tutorial - Free Sewing Patterns and Tutorials:


نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
1 دانشیار، گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
عنوان مقاله [English]
Basic traffic flow models deal with the movement behavior of vehicles in traffic flow. These models are the basis of the work of simulation software. In general, there are four types of behavioral models in simulation software, which include car following model, lane change model, opportunity acceptance model, and lateral distance model. These models provide user-adjustable parameters that the ability of simulators to reproduce driving behaviors and traffic performance indicators of the study site, depends on the correct adjustment of these parameters. Simply put, these parameters must be calibrated before the simulator software can be used as a traffic analysis tool. Since driving behavior and environmental factors can also affect the car chase model, so the parameters will be different for different cities and in Iran, the car following model parameters have been done only for Tehran and Qom, in this study to use Optimal and correct of Aimsun simulator software, for Isfahan city, the parameters of the car following model of this software were calibrated. Calibrated. Since in order to calibrate the car tracking model, the reaction time and the reaction time in stopping must be calibrated, so these two parameters were calibrated using the field data of the intersections and their calibrated values were 0.5 and 0.65, respectively. It should be noted that the default reaction time is 0.75 seconds and the reaction time at the default stop is 1.35 seconds in the software. Therefore, by replacing the calibrated times instead of the default times of the car tracking model in Aimsun software, the car tracking model was calibrated for Isfahanian drivers.


text:
While 3D prints at the touch of a button, à la Star Trek’s TNG replicator, may still be some way off, a number of enterprises exhibiting at the 2017 RAPID + TCT show are moving to save time at various stages of the 3D printing process.
Automating additive manufacturing production
Methods 3D have a booth opposite 3D Systems. During IMTS Methods 3D demonstrated how a 3D Systems Figure 4 configuration could operate using robotic arms. The robotic arms are now manipulating metal build plates and moving the metal additive parts between a Fanuc Robocut c600ib and a Fanuc Robodrill.
The robot arms seen at Formnext and IMTS are now gone from the 3D Systems booth. Instead, multiple Figure 4 quad engines are positioned around the booth. The more discrete units in fitting with the dental applications where this technology is likely to find earlier adopters. For dental applications 3D Printing Industry will be taking a closer look at the systems from EnvisionTEC and also DWS who are both at the show.
On the subject of time-saving and as we reported yesterday, 3D Systems has updated their 3D Sprint software to include Smart Support Technology. This means that SLA prints can be post-processed with rapid removal of supports. Speaking with Rachael Dalton-Taggart about the production of the video for the software update, she explained that the Tear Away SLA supports have been warmly welcomed by users at the company.
Post-processing is an area also addressed by Rize, who are at RAPID + TCT. The Woburn, MA based company sent me some samples last year. I can confirm that removing supports really is as fast as they say and recommend a visit to booth 1010 to see Rize demonstrate their Augmented Polymer Deposition 3D printing technology.
Other companies demonstrating degrees of automation include Mass Portal, who have expanded the print station from Formnext and now has an automated system to remove parts, called the Dynasty additive system.
Fast 3D printing from pellet materials
Titan Robotics from Colorado is at booth 837 and demonstrating their large-format FDM/FFF 3D printer that runs on pelletised materials. Deposition of over 2 kg/hr (5 lbs/hr) is offered and a range of prints in higher grade engineering materials including PC/PBT, HIPS and various carbon fiber materials are on display. Prints include a functional skateboard, although a half-pipe is yet to be printed.
Titan Robotics has also brought their Cronus 3D printer, the machine is on display over in the 3D playground. If you can’t get to RAPID + TCT then you can read our report on the 5-print-head Cronus 3D printer here.
Voting closes soon in our 3D Printing Industry Awards, the winners will be announced on the 20th May at a gala-dinner in London. You can see the shortlists and make your vote here.
If you’re at RAPID + TCT this week, then say hello to our editor-in-chief, Michael Petch.
Featured image shows 3D Systems 3D prints from a non-Star Trek sci-fi franchise. Photo by Michael Petch.

domain: news


text:
Author: Tamara Ireland Stone
Release Date: June 16, 2015
Genre: YA, Contemporary, Mental Illness
Source: E-Galley from publisher via NetGalley
Guys, this book was great. It centered around poetry (which I hate. I really hate poetry) and a girl with OCD. I’m always scared to read about mental illness because I feel like this is a tricky book to do well nowadays. However, Stone did this beautifully and I have a lot to gush about. Here’s your synopsis from Amazon:
Samantha McAllister looks just like the rest of the popular girls in her junior class. But hidden beneath the straightened hair and expertly applied makeup is a secret that her friends would never understand: Sam has Purely-Obsessional OCD and is consumed by a stream of dark thoughts and worries that she can’t turn off.
Second-guessing every move, thought, and word makes daily life a struggle, and it doesn’t help that her lifelong friends will turn toxic at the first sign of a wrong outfit, wrong lunch, or wrong crush. Yet Sam knows she’d be truly crazy to leave the protection of the most popular girls in school. So when Sam meets Caroline, she has to keep her new friend with a refreshing sense of humor and no style a secret, right up there with Sam’s weekly visits to her psychiatrist.
Caroline introduces Sam to Poet’s Corner, a hidden room and a tight-knit group of misfits who have been ignored by the school at large. Sam is drawn to them immediately, especially a guitar-playing guy with a talent for verse, and starts to discover a whole new side of herself. Slowly, she begins to feel more “normal” than she ever has as part of the popular crowd . . . until she finds a new reason to question her sanity and all she holds dear.
1. Samantha is your basic popular girl…with one little twist.
This story opens with Samantha having a breakdown involving her Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). She has the type of OCD that focuses on internal thoughts and obsessing rather than the outward tics that people are used to seeing on TV shows documenting people with the illness. She has a thought that goes into her head when she and her friends are assembling roses for a school activity. She has a thought that she could just cut her friend’s hair off and just keep cutting. This is how we’re introduced to her OCD. Then, we see her life. She is an athletic swimmer and a super popular girl at school who is a part of the Crazy Eights (her group of friends). The Eights run the school, even though they’re only five now. The Eights are the worst. The absolute worst.
2. One more thing before I get super into what I thought about the book:
Sam has a “thing” with the number 3. All of the chapter titles are three words long. It took an embarrassingly long time for me to figure this out. However, I thought this was insanely clever of Stone and I appreciated that little touch SO much.
3. It’s refreshing to see a main character with a mental illness actually look forward to seeing her therapist.
Shrink-Sue is Sam’s therapist and she loves Wednesdays with her. I think love could be used loosely, but she doesn’t kick and scream about going to her therapist appointments like I’ve seen in other books with mental illness. Sue is a genius. If I had a therapist, I would want her to be Sue. There is a particularly heartbreaking part towards the end (which I won’t tell you about) and Sue is immediately there for Sam, no questions asked, and she even brings Sam to her house after hours so she can make sure she’s okay.
Caroline is a new friend Sam meets on the first day of school who really sets this whole story into motion. When Sam freaks out about a thought, she needs a dark place to collect her thoughts. At school, that place is the theatre. On her first day, she meets Caroline. The next day, Caroline introduces her to Poet’s Corner – a secret poetry club hidden behind the stage. There, Sam meets AJ who seems to be the keyholder of this organization, and Sam doesn’t quite know why AJ hates her so much. When Sam finally figures it out, no wonder. But don’t worry, I won’t tell you.
5. Poet’s Corner.
I hate poetry. I hate writing it and I hate reading it. The poets in this book are so eccentric and wonderful that I found myself falling in love with each character. When they read at Poet’s Corner, they always say where they wrote the poem and when they’re done, they glue their poems on the walls. The walls are covered in different hues of paper all sporting poems of all kinds. Some are funny, some are heartfelt, and some are heartbreaking. Poet’s Corner itself is almost like a character in this book and I really can’t tell you much more about it.
6. The romance is just too much (in a good way).
Maybe it’s because I’ve been super sensitive lately, but the romance in this book is too cute. Sam has a lot of problems, especially when it comes to relationships with other people. Shrink-Sue always tells Sam to get away from the Eights because they’re simply horrible people (she’s right) and is always trying to get her to find more healthy relationships with friends. When she meets Caroline, she feels calm for the first time in a long time. There is none of the harsh judgment as with her other “friends” (who I think are horrible, horrible jerks). The romance, I’m sure you know who it’s with, is so stinking cute, I had tears coming out of my face. Sam hides her OCD from everyone at school, so that is a huge part of this book. She struggles to come to terms with her disease (she calls it her “broken brain”) and she really tries to see it as something special rather than a hindrance.
OVERALL: 4 STARS! I really loved this. I read two books about mental illness (the one before this was Made You Up by Francesca Zappia) in a row. This one involved OCD and I always forget how debilitating it is for people who suffer from this. A lot of people who suffer from OCD have a hard time having friends or being productive because they’re always worried about their obsessions. The author’s note explains that the a friend of hers has a daughter who was diagnosed with OCD when she was seven and that this story was inspired by her. That made even more tears come out of my face. You need this book in your life. It comes out on June 16, so click the link below to preorder!

domain: library


text: Measurement of the transmitted wavefront of domes and windows is a long-standing problem. One may use a large return sphere and measure the interference cavity without the dome present and again with the dome present. The difference between the two measurements is a double-pass measurement of the transmitted wavefront of the dome. Even so, the long coherence length of the source results in many extraneous fringe patterns. Windows may be tested by using a collimated source and return flat. A time-delayed source (TDS) having a short-coherence length is used to obtain a single interference pattern due only to interference of light reflected by the two surfaces of a dome or window. Standard phase shifting algorithms may be used with the TDS to measure the optical thickness of a dome or window without errors due to multiple reflections. Since most of the interferometer is common-path, environmental sensitivity is reduced and alignment is straightforward compared to typical interferometers. Finally, since there is no reference surface, stitching of sub-aperture measurements is simplified.

domain: design


text:
A study, from the New England Journal of Medicine, reported that 75% of children were allergy-free after given very small doses of egg. Sounds homeopathic to us.
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domain: medical


text:
The image is a vector clip art in Eps+Jpg format
The preview image reflects file contents 100% accurately
kettle vector kitchen illustration drink object icon tea teapot symbol handle background pot metal breakfast equipment steel kitchenware food silhouette preparation appliance cooking image boil beverage graphic clipart eps
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China has the world's largest cyber spy network, larger than the hacker networks of all other countries combined. FBI Director Chris Wray said this in an interview with Reuters.
The Chinese hacker network outnumbers FBI agents and cybersecurity analysts by about 50 to one, he said.
“China today has the most advanced and massive hacker network in the world, outnumbering the hacking forces of other major nations combined. If every FBI agent and intelligence analyst were focused solely on China, Chinese hackers would still outnumber our cyber defense personnel at least 50 to 1," Ray said.


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Apoorva Singh|Oct 19, 2021
- Vested interests exploiting coronavirus lockdown: Teachers to MHRD
Vested interests exploiting coronavirus lockdown: Teachers to MHRD
NEW DELHI: Higher education regulators are insisting on online education during the lockdown imposed to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a section of academics believe that the government is using the coronavirus pandemic to push for provisions on online learning in the draft National Education Policy.
The Joint Forum for Movement on Education (JFME), an association of teachers, students and parents, has written to the Union Human Resource Development (HRD) Minister, Ramesh Pokhriyal alleging that some quarters are using the lockdown to promote online teaching, assessment and examinations as a systemic alternative to formal education.
The letter sent to the HRD Minister says: “In the light of this, the Government must review its recent policies and in particular the Draft National Education Policy, that we believe makes way for greater centralisation, corporatisation and exclusion.”
The association has alleged that any attempt to formalise online teaching and assessments is unreasonable and unacceptable because of the lack of institutional support, uneven internet access and non-uniform and non-conducive domestic environment.
Few access online education
Though the majority of universities have resorted to the online mode of teaching, a multitude of challenges have faced the stakeholders. “The process has not been smooth, these create a digital divide that is discriminatory towards women and students from marginalised sections and those living in rural or remote areas. A formal study by the Central University of Hyderabad, or HCU, has revealed that only 37 per cent of the 2,500 students interviewed were comfortable with online classes,” says the letter.
“The lack of digital infrastructure in institutions and the absence of preparedness have concretely surfaced during the period of the nation-wide lockdown,” it adds.
A survey conducted among HCU students states that only 50 percent students had access to laptops, 45 percent had access to internet infrequently and around 18 percent did not have internet access at all. The JFME states that only 37 percent of the 2,500 students interviewed were comfortable with the system of online classes.
The association has demanded that online teaching and testing cannot be imposed on all students. It reads, “These, as have already been mentioned, are challenges for which institutions, faculty and students are not adequately prepared.” Online testing again demands standardized technological access and curated environments that can simulate real time proctoring.
- Lockdown 3 - NITIE shows way for conducting online exams
- Two-hour exams, projects, common entrance tests in UGC Panel’s report
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domain: sociology


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On the eve of Friday the 13th, I celebrated the virgin’s birthday.
As I sat there, she stared back with somber and mysterious eyes.
She stared intently, her painted eyes burned a numbing hole in my heart.
It was an ominous feeling.
I ought to be thinking about the problems the world faces on a daily basis;
child soldiers robbed of their innocence or the violence in mexico leaving blood splattered streets.
But instead, my thoughts dwell heaily on the passing of the only true friend I had.
I would change the day my dog,Vivi, was killed.
I can still remember that sunny day after the virgin's birthday,
everything crisp and unusually new.
God knew what was going to happen, so did the virgin.
Both graceful figures cringed and held each other’s hand in heaven.
They must have known about Vivi, about her charm and her large watchful eyes.
One second, she slept soundly on the foot of my bed,
the next she was sprawled out next to the mailbox.
Her once beautiful jaw now only an indistinguishable scrambled jelly.
My mother was repulsed by the old man attempting to touch her.
God bowed his graceful head in Heaven, the virgin of Guadalupe cried diamond tears.
Even for them, time stopped and the sorrow burrowed it's way into everyone's hearts like a bot-fly.
The last time I saw Vivi she was carefully cradled in a small box wrapped in her favorite blue towel, to be laid to rest from a slumber she disturbed to meet death, God and the Virgin.


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Black Lives Matter - But Why?
I get so sick of hearing people saying ALL Lives Matter when someone posts the "Black Lives Matter" slogan. It is ignorant of people to say that to be honest. It means you do not understand what the meaning behind "Black Lives Matter" really is. So, for you all here is my interpretation and why you should not say ALL LIVES MATTER in response.


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The Astonishing Life of Nell Gwynn
In the run-up to the Graduating Class' production of Nell Gwynn, Willow White writes about the astonishing life of the real-life historical figure behind the show's main character.
The first English actresses emerged in Restoration-era London following Charles II’s decree that women’s parts must be played by women—a radical decision that overthrew England’s all-male theatrical tradition and provided women access to a new profession and form of artistic self-expression.
Nell Gwynn (c.1650-1687) was one of the first actresses to appear on the London stage. Little is known about her early life, but she was likely born and raised in the slums of London, possibly surviving as a sex worker, and eventually selling oranges in the theatre before making her debut as an actress in the season of 1664/65.
As a researcher of Restoration and eighteenth-century women and theatre, I am continually astonished by the stories of the first generation of English actresses like Gwynn. These women were often disparaged as opportunistic prostitutes who sold their bodies both on and off the stage. Yet, at the time, working-class women like Gwynn had almost no means of independent survival outside the home.
The theatre offered a new opportunity for women’s professionalization as an alternative, or in addition, to their sexual labour. Though the concept of feminism would not be articulated for another two centuries, these women flocked to the theatre to seize the chance to control their own lives.
During her five-year career on the stage, Gwynn became London’s premier comic actress. Without any substantial training or education—she could neither read nor write—Gwynn dazzled audiences’ night after night with her infamous wit, singing, and dancing. It was here, at the height of her stardom, that Gwynn became the mistress of the King, Charles II.
Unlike Elizabeth I, who supported the dramatic arts but never attended the London theatres in person, Charles II was a regular patron of the playhouses. He had sexual relationships with a number of actresses, but his relationship with Gwynn was no mere fling. Gwynn gave birth to her and Charles’ first son, named after his father, in 1670. She returned to the stage for a brief period but retired permanently before the birth of the couple’s second son, James, in 1671. Gwynn was adopted into court and became a permanent fixture of the King’s life.
Gwynn’s career as an actress prepared her for the performative nature of court life; though disliked by rival mistresses, she was apparently well liked by the other courtiers. The public continued to adore Gwynn; in 1681, she was mistaken for the Duchess of Portsmouth, Charles’ Catholic mistress, and a mob attacked her coach. Gwynn leaned out the window, yelling to the crowd’s delight, “be civil—I am the Protestant whore.” This account speaks to Gwynn’s identity as a folk hero; though she lived amongst royalty, she was born on the streets, and she remained, to the end of her life, a woman of the people.
Gwynn’s astonishing life is a story of survival and perseverance in the face of impossible odds. Though it would be incorrect to say that Gwynn was a feminist—no hope of gender equality existed at the time—I believe that her story has relevancy for contemporary audiences. Gwynn’s life reveals to us that women have always held the desire for freedom and self-expression; it also reveals the theatre, a space that allowed women to perform, write, and create, as playing a vital role in the history of women’s emancipation from gender oppression.
Espoir Akati Segbeaya (Acting 3, Nelson, BC) in rehearsal for Nell Gwynn, presented February 24-29, 2020 at the Monument-National campus.
Erin Loretta Mackey (Acting 3, North River, NL) in rehearsal forNell Gwynn, presented February 24-29, 2020 at the Monument-National campus
Willow White is a PhD Candidate at McGill University where she researches Restoration and eighteenth-century women and theatre. She teaches theatre history at the National Theatre School of Canada and is a proud member of the Métis Nation of Alberta.
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Massive Disneyliesland Attraction Database
The Yale Gracey's Stop Coaster attraction as seen from the top of an island
Yale Gracey's Stop Coaster
November 10, 1994
Avg. queue length:
This rollercoaster -- the prettiest in Disneyliesland -- is too intense for toons of all strengths.
- If it's the first thing in the morning, cast members will decorate your friends.
- All of this attraction's exits are named after characters from the movie.
We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyliesland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your consideration.

domain: entertainment


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Motivation and Involvement In International Tourism
One of the main aspects in the consumer behavior is the concept of involvement because it influences the decision rules used by tourists to reach the final decision. An empirical study of 600 international tourists reveals that motivation to relax, influences tourists’ involvement with the trip. A structural model shows that when tourists are motivated to relax they get directly more involved with their trip (pleasure and information seeking). The motivation to relax also influences indirectly the tourist involvement with the evaluation and quality perception of the trip through its influence on involvement with the trip planning. Discussion centers on the implications of this model to theory and management specifically to the development of tourism and services strategies.
Tourism decisions are considered as highly risky due to the high monetary and non-monetary costs associated (Sirakaya & Woodside, 2005). So, the process of buying tourism products is very engaging, and tourists devote to it considerable effort and time (Seabra, Abrantes & Lages, 2007). Additionally depending on the product or situation, tourists may be more interested, concerned or involved in the buying decision process.
In general, each buying decision process in tourism corresponds to the existence of a service encounter, which typically involves interpersonal relationships between the producer and the customer. In consequence, this situation requires a higher degree of involvement by the consumer (Varki & Wong, 2003) for various reasons (Laroche et al., 2003): its production requires human interaction which introduces some uncertainty in their outcomes; the delivery, in most cases, is not possible without the participation of the consumer; and there is no transfer of ownership, so the buyer cannot sell or return the product to the seller.
Involvement is, in fact, the basis of the tourist purchase decision (Zaichkowsky, 1986b) and deeply affects the perceived value of the product and its evaluation (Bolton & Drew, 1991). This concept is a central issue in the study of consumer behavior in general (Zaichkowsky, 1985, 1986a) and especially in the decision to purchase tourism products (Dimanche et al., 1991). Involvement is a key issue to explain what attracts consumers to products and how they make their buying decisions allowing them to distinguish between different types of consumers (Kassarjian, 1981). In turn, the study of involvement can help organizations to define strategies to influence consumers’ decisions.
Research on involvement has been neglected in the services context, especially in tourism. Also, research should focus on what influences involvement, namely motivations. Motivations that underlie a trip have a significant influence on tourists’ behaviors (March & Woodside, 2005; Morrison, 1996). Accordingly, the intrinsic forces that motivate tourists to travel, the push factors, have a significant impact on tourists’ behaviors from planning to consumption and evaluation of tourism products (Moutinho, 1987).
Motivation is the set of internal forces that push people to undertake certain actions to achieve an end, so it explains why individuals decide to do something, for how long and with which commitment. In short, they represent the internal forces that lead individuals to action (Schiffman & Kanuk, 1997). Motivations are an important dimension in tourism research. It is a central concept in the comprehension of consumer behavior and in the tourism decision process. Many key questions related with tourism activities can be answered trough motivation study, namely ‘why people travel’, ‘why do they visit some destinations and choose certain activities?’ The understanding of those questions helps researchers to justify the comprehension of the higher or lower investment that tourists imply in their trips. The measuring of motivations allows identifying and categorizing tourists, also to understand and analyze trips patterns (Fodness, 1994).
Is not possible to make future decisions in marketing and promotion plans without evaluating what motivates tourists to travel and how those strengths influence their involvement on buying decision. To our knowledge there is no study that analyses specifically the linkage between the various dimensions of motivation and involvement in tourism products in an international context. So, it is our
main goal to develop a model to measure the importance and the influence of tourism motivations on tourist buying involvement.
Tourists are becoming more demanding in their travel behavior, which makes its study more complex. Also, the process of purchasing tourism products has some peculiarities (Gursoy & Gavcar, 2003): consumers buy and consume the products outside the places where they live (Sirakaya et al., 1996); the decision-making process used is longer than in much of the tangible products (Gursoy & Gavcar, 2003); more often tourists don’t receive anything tangible in return for their investment (Seabra et al., 2007); tourists deal with a high level of perceived risk due to their personal investment of time, effort and money (Teare, 1990); consumers plan and save money over a long period of time to be able to travel (Moutinho, 1987), which leads them to have a greater level of involvement in the decision making, selection and purchase of such products (Gursoy & Gavcar, 2003).
The purchase of tourism products requires high involvement in the decision making process (Swarbrooke & Horner, 1999), which makes involvement a central issue to understand and explain the buying and consumption of tourism products. Tourists individual features are important variables influencing involvement with buying and decision process (Hawkins, Best & Coney, 1995), namely motivations.
In general, motivation occurs when an individual wants to satisfy a need, which implies action (Goossens, 2000). Motivation refers to the inner forces which arouse and direct human behavior (Beh & Bruyere, 2007). Motivations are the basis of all human behaviors (Fodness, 1994), including traveling.
Tourist motivation can be defined as “the global integrating network of biological and cultural forces which gives value and direction to travel choices, behavior and experience” (Pearce, Morrison & Rutledge, 1998, p.137). Past research establishes that individuals are guided by socio-psychological motivation variables into making travel decisions (Sirakaya &Woodside, 2005). Travel motivations relates to why people travel and are an important issue in explaining tourist behavior because they are the starting points of the travel decision and destination choice processes (Crompton & McKay, 1997). Thus, investigating reasons or motivations for travel contributes to an understanding of tourists’ behavior as a social and psychological phenomenon, and offers practical managerial insights (Wight, 1996).
The push and pull framework has been most commonly used in the study of travel motivations (see: Crompton, 1979; Fodness, 1994; Uysal, & Hagan, 1993). People travel because they are ‘‘pushed’’ into making travel decisions by internal, psychological forces, and ‘‘pulled’’ by the external forces of the destination attributes (Crompton, 1979; Uysal & Jurowski, 1994).
Most push factors derive from individual’s intangible or intrinsic desires (Baloglu & Uysal 1996), such as desire for escape, sensation and adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, novelty seeking, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization (Lam & Hsu, 2006; Silva, Abrantes & Lages, 2009; Uysal & Jurowski, 1994). Therefore, push factors create a desire to travel (Crompton, 1979; Pearce & Caltabiano, 1983; Uysal & Hagan, 1993; Yuan & McDonald, 1990).
Travelling motivations can be divided in three major groups: knowledge, cultural and educational motivations (Ryan & Glendon, 1998); social motivations (Fodness, 1994); and benefits seeking which is escaping from the daily life and seeking sensations (Mitchell, 1998).
Consumers experience the inherent need to relax when on holiday because ‘‘tourism is essentially a temporary reversal of everyday activities - it is a no-work, no-care, no-thrift situation’’ (Cohen, 1972, p.181). Relaxation represents a central distinguishing motivational theme (Kozak, 2002) and Crompton (1979) referred to it as escaping from the everyday environment. Relaxation and getting away from routine life are the first two psychological reasons for taking a vacation (Krippendorf, 1987). In fact, tourists are motivated to travel in order to escape from their everyday life (Crompton, 1979) and to rest and relax physically and mentally (Goeldner, Ritchie & McIntosh, 2003).
Involvement is the degree in which consumers are committed in different aspects of the process of consumption: product, demand for information, decision making and purchase (Broderick & Mueller, 1999; Zaichkowsky, 1985). It is the basis of the purchase decision (Zaichkowsky, 1986a) and affects profoundly the perceived value of products and its evaluation (Bolton & Drew, 1991).
Involvement in tourism is defined as "a psychological state of motivation, arousal and interest between an individual and a recreational activity, tourist destination, or related equipment at any given time, characterized by the perception of the following elements: importance, pleasure value, symbolic value, probability risk and consequences of risk" (Havitz & Dimanche, 1990, p.180).
The same authors later proposed another simpler definition: involvement is the unobserved state of motivation, arousal and interest in respect to a recreational activity or associated product. It is evoked by a particular stimulus or situation. Therefore, involvement refers to what tourists think about leisure and recreation which affects their behavior (Havitz & Dimanche, 1997).
Tourist products are highly engaging due to their intangibility and inseparability (Swarbrooke & Horner, 1999). When consumers are involved, they give attention and perceive the importance of a certain product and behave accordingly (Zaichkowsky, 1986b). Involvement is related to all stages of purchase, from the pre-purchase standards to the subsequent evaluations (Shaffer & Sherrel, 1997).
In this study the concept of involvement is considered in all stages of the tourist buying process, according to the Theory of Information Processing (Bettman, Luce & Payne, 1998). In this theory, the process is understood as an optimal alternative individual choice by a series of rational steps (Chen, 1997), from the pre-purchase stage, through the decision, consumption and to the evaluation or post-purchase:
Involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product: involvement occurs at the individual level and results from the interaction with products (Zaichkowsky, 1985). The focus in this research area relies on the relevance or importance that a product has for consumers, particularly the relevance that products have to the consumers’ needs and values (Zaichkowsky, 1986a).
Involvement with the decision to purchase the product: is the commitment to the decisions regarding the purchase or simply with the buying act. It is conceptualized as the behavior that
occurs when the consumer faces the situation of acquisition or consuming as personally relevant or important. When the buying is considered as important, consumers will spend more efforts to obtain information in order to reduce uncertainty (Zaichkowsky, 1986b). Tourists use various amounts and types of information sources in response to internal and external contingencies to facilitate trip planning decisions for primary and secondary decisions (Fodness & Murray, 1997).
Involvement with the products' consumption: tourism involvement level can be seen from the perspective of affection, in that it can be defined as “the intensity level of interest or motivation" (Ratchford & Vaughn, 1989, p.28) with a specific tourism product and with certain consequences. This perspective assumes that involvement can be measured, directly or indirectly, by its consequences (Lehto, O'Leary, & Morrison, 2004).
Involvement in product evaluation or post-purchase: involvement is strongly correlated with the product evaluation activities. Several empirical studies have confirmed the influence of involvement in the processes of post-purchase. If the consumer is highly involved, products are evaluated in a deeper way (Richins & Bloch, 1991). The overall assessment in the post-purchase tourist experience includes the experience of travel or duration of stay, the perceived quality, perceived value and the intentions of future behavior (Bolton & Drew, 1991).
Involvement and motivation are very close concepts. Involvement is a motivational state observably induced by related activated attitude and the consumer’s ego. It is considered as an intermediate step in the explanation of the relationship between consumers’ individual characteristics and behaviors (Bloch, 1982).
Consumers’ specific characteristics, namely motivations, are considered as background to the consumer involvement. The individuals’ system of values, experiences and motivations determine their greater or lesser degree of involvement with a product (Zaichkowsky, 1986b).
Involvement with a particular product or class of products relates strongly with motivational aspects related to the purchase and related decisions (Dholakia, 2001). The motivations that underlies a trip have a significant influence on the tourists‘ behavior (March & Woodside, 2005; Morrison, 1996) and involvement from planning to consumption and evaluation of tourism products (Moutinho, 1987).
In line with the above it is proposed the hypothesis that motivation to relax and involvement in tourism are strongly related:
H1: Motivation to relax has a positive impact on tourists’ involvement: H1a: in pre-purchase or with the generic product;
H1b: with the trip buying;
H1c: with the trip consumption;
Also it is propose that all the stages of involvement are related like in previous research (Seabra, Abrantes & Kastenholz, 2014):
H2: Involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product has a positive impact on:
H2a: the involvement with the trip buying;;
H2b: the involvement with the trip consumption;
H2c: the involvement with the trip evaluation.
H3: Involvement with the trip buying has a positive impact on:
H3a: the involvement with the trip consumption;
H3b: the involvement with the trip evaluation.
H4: Involvement with the trip consumption has a positive impact on the involvement with the trip evaluation.
Insert Figure 1 about here
Sample and data collection
The final data was collected from January 2009 to March 2009. Tourists were randomly selected in loco across three of the main international airports in Spain, Italy and Portugal - countries with the most important tourism receiving markets in Europe. In fact Spain, Italy and Portugal are in the TOP 15 of countries with most important international tourism receipts in Europe (43.500, 32.100, 8.600 billion euros in 2012) (Turismo de Portugal, 2013). The questionnaires were applied in the three airports Madrid/Barajas, Lisbon/Portela and Milan/Malpensa, and fulfilled from those agreeing to participate in the study. However, only tourists who had undertaken an international trip were interviewed. The questionnaires were self-administered, which allowed to ensure that the data was not biased. A final sample of 613 questionnaires and a total of 600 valid ones, equally divided among the 3 international airports, were obtained.
In order to analyze possible bias due to “non-response”, a test was conducted to verify whether there were differences between early and late responding tourists (Armstrong & Overton, 1977). The 450 questionnaires obtained during the first three weeks define early responding tourists (75% of total respondents). The last 150 completed questionnaires define late responding tourists (remaining 25%). These last group represents individuals which did not respond to the questionnaire (Armstrong & Overton, 1977). It was compared the two groups using t-test with regard to the means of all variables studied in Fig. 1. No differences were found, thereby non-response bias does not appear as a problem for this analysis.
The use of a single key informant creates the potential for common method bias to influence any of the relationships observed (Huber & Power, 1985). To minimize this risk, it was followed the procedures recommended by Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff (2003): respondents anonymity was guaranteed; respondents were assured that there were no right or wrong answers; and the order of the measurement of the independent and dependent variables was counterbalance.
The existence of common method bias implies that a confirmatory factor analysis containing all constructs produce a single factor (Podsakoff & Organ, 1986). The goodness-of-fit indices for the Harman’s one-factor model indicate a poor fit (CFI=0.60, IFI=0.60, TLI=0.52), suggesting that common-method bias is unlikely.
We sourced measures from the literature and adapted them to the current research context (see Churchill, 1979). Constructs were first order and measured with multi-item scales.
The scales used to measure the individual’s motivation to relax were adapted from Beard and Ragheb (1983), Fodness (1994), Goossens (2000) and Ryan and Glendon (1998).
Involvement, as explained before, was considered in four different facets.
Involvement with the (generic) product. Respondents rated their level of agreement with statements regarding their knowledge, pleasure, risk probability and importance attributed to tourism products, namely travelling (adapted from Park, Mothersbaugh & Feick, 1994 and Gursoy & Gavcar, 2003).
Involvement with the trip buying. It was considered involvement with the decision to purchase the product in terms of information that tourists sought for preparing the trip. So, respondents had to classify the importance of several information sources to take the primary and secondary trip decisions. This scale is composed of personal sources, marketing communication sources, neutral and experience information sources and were adapted from Assael (1998), Fodness and Murray (1998) and Seabra et al., (2007).
Involvement with the trip consumption. As far as tourism product consumption is concerned, it was considered the money tourists spent during their trip and also the activities that tourists undertook during their trip (Lehto et al., 2004).
Involvement with the trip evaluation. Respondents had to rate their quality perception regarding four specific items of their trip namely hospitality, attractions, transportation and infra-structures (Chen & Tsai, 2007).
Survey instrument development
After selecting the scales from the literature, they were discussed with experts, namely international researchers from marketing and tourism and tourism professionals. The initial scales were translated into three languages: Portuguese, Spanish and German and then the instrument was back-translated to English. After revision, it was used a pre-test sample of 30 international travellers in order to test the scales (through Cronbach’s alpha). The pre-test results were used to further refine the questionnaire.
Tourists in this study sample were from 41 countries, from all over the world. The sample was mainly composed of men (56%). The most representative age group is between 26-35 years old (almost 50%) and about 25% of respondents had 36-45 years old. Approximately 74% had university education, 22% were middle and senior management, 20% were businessmen, about 19% were freelancers/self-employed and 15% students. The average income ranged from 2000 to 3000 Euros per. The sample was mainly composed of frequent travellers, who had undertaken, on an average, seven international trips in the last three years, lasting nine days each. There was a relatively high degree of familiarity with the destination visited; since tourists had in average visited the destination 3.5 times before. Each tourist used, on the average, 15 days to plan the trip, and referred to reservations planning with a period of 25 days in advance.
To refine the measures and assess the reliability and validity of the constructs, the items were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using full-information maximum likelihood estimation procedures in LISREL 8.8 (Jöreskog & Sörbom 1996).
To assess the adequacy of the measurement model, it was examined initially the Cronbach’s alphas from each construct of the conceptual model. In result, some factors were eliminated. Those were not included in the measurement because they presented alphas less than .7 and /or for revealing no significant values when tested to incorporate the final model. It was also analysed individual item reliabilities, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. After this process of the initial itens remained only 13 (see Table 2). Specifically, the itens eliminated in the involvement product construct were: knowledge, risk probability and risk importance dimensions; concerning involvement with the trip consumption construct, all dimensions were excluded.
The item reliabilities was assessed by examining the loadings of the individual items in the respective constructs.
In this model, each item is restricted to load on its priori specified factor, with the factors themselves allowed to correlate with one another. The overall chi-square for the model is significant (χ2=213.69, df=59, p<0.00). Four measures of fit were examined: the comparative fit index (CFI=.96), the incremental fit index (IFI=.96), the Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI=.95), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA=.066). The results suggest that the scale measures are internally consistent, able to provide a good fit of the factor model to the data.
Internal consistency was evidenced by composite validity () (Bagozzi, 1980). All the constructs passed the minimal acceptable values of .7 (Nunnally, 1978) and are valid presenting internal consistency above .80 and Cronbach’s alphas of .80. Convergent validity is evidenced by the large and significant standardized loadings of each item on its intended construct (average loading size was .78). Discriminant validity among the constructs is stringently assessed using the Fornell & Larcker (1981)
test; all possible pairs of constructs passed this test. Table 1 presents all the constructs, scale items and reliabilities.
Discriminant validity was assessed by observing the construct intercorrelations. The root of AVE for each construct was compared with the shared variance between constructs. The square root of the AVE should be greater than the correlation between a construct and any other construct (Fornell and Larcker, 1981) Table 2 provides an overview of the means, standard deviations, and correlation matrix among the constructs. Adequate discriminant validity is evident since the square root of AVE between any two constructs (diagonal) is greater than the correlation between those constructs (off-diagonal).
Insert Table 1 about here
Insert Table 2 about here
Structural equation model
The conceptual framework depicted in Fig. 1 was tested using structural equation modeling. Specifically, this model contains four constructs, 13 observable indicators, measurement and latent variable errors, and inter-correlations between the latent constructs. The results suggest a good fit of the model to the data (χ2=213,69, df=59, p<0.00, CFI=.96, IFI=.96, TLI=.95, RMSEA=.066).
The linkage between those eliminated constructs presenting low Cronbach’s alphas and not included in the measurement model were not tested. The hypotheses relating the constructs fixed in the CFA model were tested. The following are the results (see Figure 2) through standardized parameter estimates, t-values, and significance levels for the hypothesized paths.
Insert Figure 2 about here
Consistent with H1a and H1b, motivation for relax has a significant positive impact on involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product (β=0.43, t-value=9.15), and involvement with the trip buying (β=0.13, t-value=2.38). Contrary to expectations, no significant association is found between motivation for relax and motivation with the trip evaluation (β=0.03, n.s.), thus H1d is rejected.
Surprisingly, no significant relationship is found between involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product and involvement with the trip buying (β=0.10, n.s.), thus H2a is rejected. In line with H2c involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product has a significant positive impact on involvement with the trip evaluation (β=0.19, t-value=3.55).
Finally, consistent with H4, involvement with the trip buying has a significant positive impact on involvement with the trip evaluation (β=0.11, t-value=2.26).
One of the main advantages of using a path model is the possibility of explore the direct, indirect and total effects among latent variables (Lages & Montgomery, 2005). The indirect effect is determined by understanding the product of a particular variable on a second variable through its effect on a third intervening or mediating variable (Hair, Anderson, Tatham & Black, 2010). Despite the non-significant direct impact of motivation for relax on involvement with the trip evaluation (β=0.03, n.s.), the indirect effect of motivation for relax on involvement with the trip evaluation is positively statistically significant (β=0.10, p<0.01).
The analytical results also allow to draw conclusions about the relative importance of the predictor variables used in the model. For the two endogenous variables that constitute involvement, the findings establish that motivation to relax has a stronger impact on involvement in pre-purchase or with the product pleasure (β=0.43), than on involvement with the trip buying (β=0.13). Aditionally, for the endogenous variable involvement with the trip evaluation, the results show that involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product (β=0.19) has a stongrer impact than involvement with the trip buying (β=0.11).
Conclusion and Implications
In this work it was undertook a literature revision of two important concepts in tourism study: motivation and involvement, namely in natural areas study.
Results indicate that motivations are effectively related with involvement as can be seen in Josiam, Smeaton, & Clements study (1999). Also, involvement can be related with some phases of consumer behavior decision confirming previous studies (Seabra et al., 2014).
Motivation to relax influences involvement with the pleasure to travel and with the trip planning (Goossens, 2000). Motivation to relax implies personal involvement with the product in the pleasure dimension. When tourists travel motivated to relax, they face the tourism product as a gift that they buy with careful implying extra efforts in the planning stage namely searching for information. Relaxation is an important motivation that leads tourists to prepare and plan their trips in a more committed way (Becken & Wilson, 2007). Tourists that want to relax mental and physically, to avoid the hustle and bustle of daily life, and to be in a calm atmosphere are more involved with the pleasure to travel and with the trip planning.
Tourist motivation to relax influence positively their search for information in sites like travel clubs, books, magazines, reports in TV, radio, press, and in welcome centers. In this contexts tourists experience more pleasure when they buy a vacation. To them, it is to like buy a personal gift. Involvement with the pleasure to travel contributes positively to the trip evaluation involvement. When tourists are involved with tourism products and when they faced them as something with great meaning to them, they will be more critical in evaluation.
The results confirmed also the significant relationship between involvement with the trip planning and trip evaluation involvement. When tourists prepare their trips in an extensive way, they create high expectations. So, they will be more involved in the trip evaluation. Specifically, those related with general infrastructures, travel information, and with local signs and indicators.
Therefore, the selection of a strategy for tourism depends on how tourists connect with products and destinations. It is expected that through the understanding of how motivation and involvement are connected, tourism organizations may better understand the type of connection that tourists establish with tourism and what its impact on tourists’ decision making. They could, as a consequence, use a framework to develop and implement strategies to increase the value associated with destinations and their services. These results may also provide some guidance on how to better pursue an information-oriented business strategy. By identifying tourists’ levels connection with tourism it becomes possible to make choices regarding the best marketing strategies to address, such as identifying different market segments and corresponding differentiated strategies, or improving the destination’s positioning.
These are important results for those tourism organizations which have products related with clients’ relax as core business, namely those that offer a relaxing atmosphere to provide mental and physical relaxation to their clients. Those organizations and intermediaries in the marketspace and marketplace must understand that their clients consider a great importance to the purchase of such products, so, they must position them as a gift. Additionally, managers must provide information for their clients in promotion channels like TV, radio, press, and in welcome centers. This way, companies may ensure that their clients will have a higher involvement with their trips evaluation.
Another important insight of this framework is the fact that tourists motivated to relax are more involved with the evaluation, which means that they are more critical in what regards to general infrastructures, travel information, signs and indicators. According to this, destination management organizations should be aware of those destination facilities and information, and improve the attractiveness to this kind of tourists.
There are however some limitations of the study to be considered. The first limitation is linked to the characteristics of the sample specifically the age, which may restrict the generalization of the results to a certain extent. It was considered travelers that used only three European airports. Future studies with larger samples could allow for a comparison between tourists from different regions of the world, using multi-groups methodology, for example using the cultural background as a segmentation tool. Moreover, it need further research on the antecedents of motivation to relax and consequences of trip evaluation involvement, namely intention to buy and WOM generation. So, it is suggest the implementation of the conceptual model to other services and other regions.
H1a H1b H1c H1d in pre-purchase or with the generic product
with the trip buying
with the trip consumption
with the trip evaluation Involvement H4 H3a Motivation for relax H2a H2b H2c H3b
Table 1: Constructs, scale items, and reliabilities.
Construct/items Standardized loadings t-value
Motivation for relax (α=0.81, ρvc(n)=0.59, ρ=0.81) Scale: 1-not important at all; 7-very important
1. To relax mental and physically
2. To avoid the hustle and bustle of daily life 3. To be in a calm atmosphere 0.74 0.82 0.73 19.03 21.48 18.54 Involvement in pre-purchase or with the generic product (α=0.89,
Scale: 1-totally disagree; 7-totally agree
1. It gives me pleasure to purchase a vacation 2. Buying a vacation is like buying a gift for myself 3. A vacation is somewhat of a pleasure to me 4. I attach great importance to a vacation
0.83 0.87 0.83 0.77 23.93 25.65 24.16 21.52
Involvement with the trip buying (α=0.82, ρvc(n)=0.60, ρ=0.82) Scale: 1-not important at all; 5-very important
1. Travel clubs/books/magazines 2. Reports in TV, radio, press 3. Welcome centers 0.73 0.79 0.81 18.90 20.40 20.99 Involvement with the trip evaluation (α=0.80, ρvc(n)=0.58, ρ=0.80)
Scale: 1-very unsatisfied; 7-extremely satisfied 1. General infrastructure
2. Travel information 3. Signs and indicators
0.65 0.87 0.75 16.17 22.21 18.78 α=internal reliability; ρvc(n)= variance extracted; ρ=composite reliability.
Construct Mean Standard
deviation 1 2 3 4
1. Motivation for relax 4.86 1.38 0.77
2. Involvement in pre-purchase or with the
generic product 5.20 1.40 0.43 0.82
3. Involvement with the trip buying 2.05 1.15 0.18 0.16 0.78
4. Involvement with the trip evaluation 4.85 1.30 0.13 0.22 0.15 0.76 aAll correlations are significant at the 0.05 level.
b The diagonal (in bold) shows the square roots of the average variance extracted.
0.11* (2.26) 0.13* (2.38) in pre-purchase or with the generic product
with the trip buying
with the trip evaluation Involvement Motivation for relax 0.10 (1.82) 0.19** (3.55) **p<0.01, *p<0.05
Table 2 . Means, standard deviations, and correlations among constructsa,b.
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domain: psychology


NVIDIA have been doing quite well in the System-on-a-Chip (SoC) department lately, with Tegra 2 and 3 making big splashes in mobile devices across the world. Tegra 4i is nearly here, but what is coming next? Well, NVIDIA have updated their mobile roadmap at NVIDIA's GPU Technology Conference.
The next SoC we should expect from NVIDIA is codenamed "Logan", and the one after that was previously said to be "Stark", but is now "Parker". Both will use NVIDIA's CUDA technology, with Logan featuring a Kepler GPU and Parker running a Project Denver 64-bit ARM-based CPU as well as packing a next-generation Maxwell GPU. Logan should reach us early 2014, with Parker not being baked into devices until sometime in 2015.
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