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Pru's Cottage, Ref 22427
from £35 /night help
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Contact the advertiser to confirm the total cost.
Availability Your dates are available
House | 1 bedrooms | sleeps 2
Pru's Cottage is a terraced cottage in the town of Sedbergh. The cottage sleeps two people and has a double bedroom, dressing room, shower room, kitchen and a sitting room with dining area and a woodburner-effect electric stove. There is also roadside parking next to the cottage and an open yard with furniture. With both the Yorkshire Dales and Lake District National Parks to explore, Pru's Cottage is an ideal romantic base.
|Size||Sleeps up to 2, 1 bedrooms|
|Notes||No pets allowed, No smoking at this property|
Features and Facilities
|Rooms||1 bedroom, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms|
|Furniture||Double beds (1)|
Electric central heating with electric stove. Electric oven and hob, microwave, fridge, washer/dryer, TV with Freeview, CD/radio, selection of books and games. Fuel and power inc. in rent. Bed linen and towels inc. in rent. Travel cot and highchair on request. Roadside parking next to cottage. Open yard with furniture. Sorry, no pets and no smoking. Shops and pubs 3 mins walk. Note: Babes-in-arms only.
About this location
The Cumbria region
From heather-clad moors and limestone scars, to market towns and the steady pace of country life - the sublime Dales await you! Where else in Britain is it as satisfying to sit and do nothing as it is to explore the numerous pursuits on offer?
The market town of Sedbergh in the Yorkshire Dales National Park offers narrow streets, shops and traditional pubs. The village of Dent is nearby and with golf courses, tennis, riding, fishing and walking routes in the area, there is something for everyone.
About the owner
Guest reviewsPowered by TripAdvisor
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Help other travellers decide where to stay
This holiday home hasn’t got any reviews yet. The average rating on Holiday Lettings is four out of five. This place could be newly added or perhaps it’s a well kept secret. Either way, it’s time to reveal all.
You're booking with
Sykes Cottages (Property Manager Sykes Holiday Cottages)
- 7 Years listed
Calendar last updated:26 Mar 2015
Based in United Kingdom


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How Mapsly knows where an object's address information is?
For every CRM object Mapsly stores a references to its address field. This can be a single text field or a Mapsly virtual address field that maps multiple address fields (like street, city, state, zip, country) to the address components.
When Mapsly imports a new record, or update address information for an existing record, it determines the location ("geocodes" into coordinates) of the record based on its address.
About Mapsly virtual address field
For standard objects like Leads, Accounts and Contacts Mapsly has pre-configured virtual address fields that map corresponding address fields, for example Lead's Lead address field is a Mapsly virtual address field that maps Lead's fields related to the mailing address to the Lead address's components:
Lead's Street => Street in Lead address
Lead's City => City in Lead address
Lead's State => State/Province in Lead address
Lead's Zip code => Zip code in Lead address
Lead's Country => Country in Lead address
Pre-configured virtual address fields are pre-selected as the object's address field (this article will guide you to the screen shown below):
Note: virtual address fields will only be filled in from its components only when selected as object's pin address.
How to create a Mapsly virtual address field
For any CRM object other than a Lead, Contact or Account to be shown on the map, you'll need to tell Mapsly where to find its address.
If the address is stored in one field, simply select it in the Object's pin address dropdown list. Please note that this field MUST contain a country.
If the address is stored in multiple address components (similar to standard CRM objects), you'll need to create a virtual address field by clicking the Add address field icon here:
Then select a field for each of the address components (state and country are optional) in the Address field mapper:
If you don't map the country, Mapsly will assume that the address is in the Mapsly account's country.
Then, select the newly created address field in the Object's pin address dropdown:

domain: geography


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The BitFi crypto wallet has been successfully rooted by a teenage hacker. 15-year-old Saleem Rashid was able to get the video game classic Doom running on the device, but ultimately did not manage to extract any coins from the wallet.
In a video on Twitter, the self-proclaimed “bitcoin hardware wallet breaker” used the BitFi touch screen to navigate a short segment of the cult 1993 Id Software video game Doom. In the video, the device is visibly disassembled, with its back panel missing.
Rashid’s successful rooting attempt comes weeks after John McAfee proclaimed the device to be the first “unhackable” cryptocurrencies wallet on the market, and offered $100,000 to the first person who manages to breach the wallet’s security measures. Later BitFi, the company behind the wallet, turned McAfee’...
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domain: finance


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Teach students the meaning of resilience with these beautifully designed resilience posters for your primary school classroom.
Teach Students How to Be Resilient
Resilience is a word that primary teachers like to throw around! You might hear a teacher say, “Show some resilience!” or “You are going to need to learn to be more resilient!” The question is… Do our students actually understand what the word ‘resilience’ means?
Essentially, resilience is the ability to bounce back and try again when things don’t go as planned. To help your students remember this key life skill, we’ve created a definition poster in an athletics theme, accompanied by a list of key strategies that your students can use when trying to channel resilience in their own lives. We’ve called this list, ‘The Run-Down on Resilience.’
The list of resilience strategies included on the second poster includes:
- I understand that achieving goals isn’t meant to be easy and that setbacks can happen.
- I know there are some things in life that I can’t control, but I can control how I respond to the situations I find myself in.
- When setbacks happen, I see them as an opportunity to learn something new, or as a chance to try something in a different way.
- If I’m feeling disheartened by a setback, I take a moment to recognise and be grateful for all the positive things in my life.
- I know that I don’t have to do it all alone. If I need support, I call on the special people in my life to motivate and encourage me.
- If something hasn’t worked out the way I planned, I reassure myself that I have the ability to achieve my goals.
This resource is available as a full-colour or black-and-white PDF. If you have limited colour printing available at your school, we recommend printing the black-and-white posters on coloured paper. You may even wish to enlarge the posters so that they really pop when placed on your classroom bulletin board!
Multiple Uses for These Resilience Posters
While these resilience posters will look amazing as a social-emotional learning display on your classroom bulletin board, there are other ways you might like to use this versatile resource in the classroom.
The black-and-white version of this resource could make a great insert in your students’ homework books. This way, your students always have a copy of the strategies close at hand when they need a reminder about how to be resilient in their daily lives. They might even like to choose the three strategies that speak to them the most as their “Top 3”. They could highlight or colour these so that they really stand out.
The colour poster could become a regular reference point when it comes to your students’ daily reflections on their learning. At the end of each school day, you might like to encourage students to identify a resilience strategy that they used during the course of the school day. The more and more our students engage in these kinds of conversions, the more aware they will become of the power that resilience can have when it comes to facing life’s challenges!
Resilience is a valuable skill for students to develop, as it equips them to navigate challenges and setbacks effectively. Providing a list of resilience strategies can be a powerful tool to guide students in building and strengthening this important skill.
Download These Resilience Posters for Your Classroom
Use the Download button to access either the full-colour or the black-and-white PDF.
Print and display on your classroom bulletin board, then refer to the display whenever your students need a reminder of the definition of resilience!
Explore More Resources to Foster Grit
Has this resource piqued your interest in our activities on resilience and perseverance? Click below for more teacher-created resources to use in your classroom!
Teach students the definition of perseverance with this beautifully designed classroom display based on a rock climbing theme.
Teach your students perseverance strategies with this printable mini-book perfect for primary students!
Encourage students to think about what grit is as well as words that describe grit with this craft template.

domain: psychology


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Maxwell Rushton: ‘Inside Out’ exhibition and live performance, curator James Sirrell.
On the 17th of March 2016 Maxwell Rushton began his residency at Exchange by creating an adapted Rorschach Test with the use of his own blood during a live performance. He will continue adding to the 4 x 2 meter folding canvas until the end of the residency on the 17th of April 2016.
By combining Rorschach’s method of psychoanalysis with human blood Maxwell viscerally confronts us with our subconscious.
“Behind our veneer of respectability we are
as primal as the blood that keeps us alive.”
Maxwell Rushton presents his ‘Inside Out’ exhibition and live art performance, in partnership with Exchange Residency, London.
Film by: Liam Thomson
Music by: Nihilore
Maxwell Rushton was born in 1989 in Swindon, UK. In 2009 he moved to the North, where he worked as a fish monger whilst studying for a BA in Fine Art at Leeds College of Art. Moving to London with 1st Class Honours in 2012 he continued to create art based upon his own relationship with commercial culture, expressing both his rejections and obsessions, and the influences it has on him.
Maxwell identifies an unavoidable spectrum between a world saturated in commercialism and one that on that resits it. His work often imitates a materialistically driven culture in order to stand provocatively close to it.
Maxwell recent solo exhibitions include MMX Gallery (London) and West London Art Factory (London). His work has been shown in group exhibitions such as BCN Art (Barcelona), The Brick Lane Gallery (London) and Hoxton Basement (London).

domain: artistic


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US lawmakers push for universal chargers for smartphones, mobile devices
A trio of U.S. senators is urging support for a universal charging standard for smartphones and mobile devices after the European Union recently agreed on new rules.
In a letter sent Thursday to Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, Senators Edward J. Markey and Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, and Bernie Sanders of Vermont press for a plan to tackle the lack of a universal charger, which they say creates a financial burden for consumers and creates more electronic waste.
"We cannot allow the consumer electronics industry to prioritize proprietary and inevitably obsolete charging technology over consumer protection and environmental health," reads an excerpt from the letter.
The senators did not specify the type of charging standard Commerce officials should consider as part of the plan.
Lawmakers cite money spent by consumers on various chargers for different products and waste created when obsolete chargers are tossed out as reasons for pushing to require a universal standard.
Last week, the EU agreed to rules which will take effect by fall 2024, which would allow consumers to only use a USB Type-C cable to recharge small and medium-sized portable electronics.
The rules cover smartphones, tablets, earbuds, headphones and portable speakers, among others.
More devices have shifted to USB-C to recharge, but one of the most popular portable devices, the iPhone, still uses Apple's exclusive Lightning connector to recharge. The standard is also used on iPads and AirPods.
(c)2022 USA Today
Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.

domain: news


Mumbai, Oct 17 (): The teaser of the passionate and zestful desi Po Po of Son Of Sardaar – SOS is out. The PoPo song from SOS showcases trio Salman Khan, Ajay Devgn and Sanjay Dutt with Sonakshi Sinha also shaking legs in a frame.
Now only the song teaser is released, but the full version “Po Po”, the popular dance number, will be released on Thursday. Ganesh Acharya has done the choreography for this dance number.
The music album of SOS is already creating waves among the music lovers and Himesh Reshammiya, music composer of the movie is overwhelmed in seeing the success of SOS and his previous music albums Bodyguard, OMG Oh My God and Bol Bachchan made him a star during their releases.
One song of SOS, which has turned out as a chartbuster even before the release of the teaser is ‘Po Po’. The song is an energetic ‘bhangra’ dance song featuring the 100-crore club star and Bollywood superstar Salman Khan in special appearance. Accompanying him are lead stars Ajay Devgn, Sonakshi Sinha and Sanjay Dutt.
The marketing video featuring the trio actors is already shown on various TV channels and websites and it is a grand treat for the viewers to see the three big stars coming together in one single frame for the chartbuster.
‘Po Po’ is liked by the youth and masses for its humorous, catchy, fun-loving and festive dancing feel. The song is shot with plenty of colourful old-fashioned cars at the background. The glamour quotient is given to the song by the film’s lead actress, Sonakshi Sinha. Sources said during the shooting of the song, the trio along with the other people in the sets had an amazing time.
The promotions for the movie, “Son of Sardaar” is done in a large-scale and is all set to hit the screens on Diwali, Nov 13.


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PonyoI feel really spoiled having seen both a Pixar flick and a Ghibli flick in the same summer. Laura and I went to see Ponyo on Saturday and had a great time; the theater was filled with kids and we sat next to two old ladies who loved Miyazaki. The story was something of a mix between Hans Christian Anderson’s Little Mermaid and Richard Wagner’s Der Ring des Nibelungen. It had beautiful (if unexpectedly rough) animation, adult characters who were realistic and genuinely caring, child characters who were surprisingly mature but still childlike, complex environmental themes, a great mom who was also a crazy driver, a love of ham, and lots of Devonian fish.
A Place of My Own
I just finished this book by Michael Pollan, an author who is best known by his writings of food. Because of this I was surprised to find his name as I was browsing our firm’s library; what is a food writer doing in an architecture library? However this book is not about food but his thoughts as he builds a writing shack back in the woods on his property. He offers great insights into the world of architecture and construction from an outsider’s point of view. His usual mix clear thinking and wandering reflections are in full force here, and my only complaint was that the book needed more drawings (but that is my usual complaint no matter what the subject matter).
Butchers, Dragons, Gods, and Skeletons
The Kimbell’s current exhibition is a bit unusual but utterly fantastic. A good portion of their permanent exhibition is on display. I will pause a moment to say just how amazing their collection is. They have everything from Ancient Greek vases to Bernini’s terra cotta studies to a fun Caravaggio to a great Asian collection to impressionist masters. Interspersed through the collection are five films by Philip Haas, each based off a painting in the collection. These films are very interactive and give you a glimpse into the making of, the larger context, and the details of each painting. Best of all, it is entirely free.

domain: library


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Pirates of the Caribbean
- You may be looking for Monkey Island and not even know it!
The Pirates of the Caribbean are a seafaring tribe originating from Castaway Cay. In the past, the Pirate people often threatened ships on the high seas, frequently seizing their bounty. However, in 1956, the Pirates were conquered by the Disneyland Confederation and dispossessed of their lands. Today, most of the Pirates live on a small reservation in New Orleans Square within the Disneyland Confederation, though there are small populations who live within other states belonging to the Mickey Mouse League.
The origins of the Pirates of the Caribbean are unclear and shrouded in controversy. According to Pirate traditional belief, Castaway Cay is the center of the cosmos. Pirate creation myth maintains that the god Animatroní created the Pirates as masters of the sea and all of its bounty.
Archeological evidence seems to indicate that Castaway Cay became settled by the Pirates around 400 CE. The original homeland of the Pirates of the Caribbean is unknown, though there is some tantalizing evidence that the Pirates are descendants of tribes located in Québec.
Conflict with the Disneyland Confederation
Following their traditional beliefs, the Pirates of the Caribbean raided ships in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. They gained a fearsome reputation on the seas, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico. Unfortunately, the Pirate traditional way of life came into conflict with the Disneyland nations.
In 1955, following the Treaty of Corporation, the newly independent Disneyland Confederation looked to the seas for trade. However, the Pirates of the Caribbean made frequent raids on Disneyland ships, confiscating their cargoes of movies and licensed merchandise. These raids significantly impacted Disneyland commerce.
The Pirates of the Caribbean problem was one of the first issues addressed by Mickey Mouse the Great after he came to power. In 1956, under the command of Admiral Donald Duck, a Disneyland armada attacked the Pirates of the Caribbean in Castaway Cay. Disneyland’s navy, with superior technologies developed by Wernher von Braun, quickly overwhelmed the Pirates. The Pirates of the Caribbean issued a surrender 5 days after the onset of the attack. The Five-Day War marked a pivotal event in the history of both Disneyland and the pirates.
In the terms of surrender, the Pirates of the Caribbean lost their ancestral homeland. The Pirate population was forced to live on a small reservation located in New Orleans Square within the Disneyland nations; most of the reservation was located in a cave below ground. Castaway Cay became a naval military base under Disneyland rule, and remains so to this day.
Life under Disneyland land rule was tough and unbearable. Deprived of their traditional Pirate ways, the Pirates of the Caribbean came to lead an impoverished existence. Some were forced by circumstances to participate in humiliating public exhibitions for tourists.
In 1967, in an attempt to address Pirate grievances with Disneyland, radical elements of the Pirates of the Caribbean formed the Pirate Liberation Organization, or PLO. The PLO turned to terrorist activity, engaging in bombings, kidnappings, and threatening to eat the tourists in Disneyland. Sporadic terrorist attacks by the PLO in Disneyland continued through the late 1960s and 1970s. By the 1980s, it appeared that the PLO had disbanded. However, shocking attacks by the PLO on the Skyway in 1994 and the PeopleMover in 1995 and the recent upsurge in violent attacks indicate that fringe elements PLO continue to operate today.
The peaceful revolution in 1970 and democratization of the Disneyland Confederation created a new zeitgeist of freedom which led to new policies that meaningfully improved Pirate life. The establishment of the new Mickey Mouse League alliance created greater prosperity which eased some of the worst deprivations suffered by the Pirates of the Caribbean.
Improvements in the status of the Pirates of the Caribbean have however been set back by the ongoing PLO attacks, which have created an atmosphere of suspicion among Pirate communities in Disneyland. In this new era of terrorism, Pirate legal groups have had to work hard to preserve civil rights protections and to end arbitrary detention of Pirate suspects. These new pressing matters have meant that work on more mundane matters such as preserving native Pirate culture and relieving endemic Pirate poverty has received less priority.
Despite this, the National Association for the Advancement of Caribbean Pirates (NAACP) continues to lead campaigns calling for improved media depictions of the Pirates of the Caribbean. When the film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl was released, it elicited massive protests from the Pirate community. Its stereotyped depictions of the Pirates of the Caribbean were denounced by activist groups as insensitive and demeaning. Movie studio executives met with NAPA representatives to address their concerns. As a result of the meeting, Pirate representatives were allowed to make script changes to the movie’s sequels so that they could present a more realistic and nuanced depiction of Pirate culture.
Another worrying factor in the pirates of the caribbean franchise is the misinturpritation of names. The ship clearly named The Flying Dutchman isn't called Ghost Ship, Jeffy, Or even Shippy. So their you go Armarnie Coxon You Have been proved wrong. Firstly By Person. Secondly By Uncyclopedia. Unlucky
So Suck On Them Nuts
NAPA has been also leading efforts to restore control of the ancestral homeland of Castaway Cay to the Pirates of the Caribbean. The status of the Pirate ancestral homeland is an extremely contentious issue. Some radical Pirate elements are demanding an immediate withdrawal of the Mickey Mouse League’s military from Castaway Cay and the dismantling of the naval base located there. Others hope for a compromise that would meet the military’s needs while still respecting Pirate ancestral land.
Despite decades of colonialist imperialism, the Pirates of the Caribbean have endured. Their culture continues to live and thrive. •


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This is the time of the year when the enormous Erythrina caffra trees in our back garden start to lose their leaves. The strong wind brings cascades of them raining down to the ground. It is a ragged time for them and yet, before long, they will be covered with beautiful scarlet blossoms that will attract ants, bees, beetles, and a wide variety of birds. Erythrinas are a long-lived species. The ones in our garden were probably planted soon after the end of the Second World War and now, apart from being tall, they each sport a wide girth.
I find the smooth, pastel-grey bark interesting to look at with its rough texture, longitudinal fissures and these short thorny knobs. The prickles have faded with age, although new branches still have them. Many of the trees in our garden are covered with lichen – I am told this is a sign of the clean air in a town that lacks the water to support any but the lightest of industries. Healthy for us and healthy for the trees.

domain: biology


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When it comes to Online dating, is it an excellent to be more desirable than the person you are interested in? Apparently, it is actually. A study in the University of Michigan found that internet daters pursue contacts 25 percent even more desirable than themselves. That is largely because of preliminary text messages, which suggest the level of fascination between a couple. It also seen that Cookware women had been less likely to follow men with their race. Whether internet dating is actually a legitimate sector or not, it’s important to know the facts.
One third of US online daters acknowledge to telling lies on their users. Further, a third of internet daters have never essentially gone on the date with someone they will met internet. Conventional wisdom and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs claim that love is among the most basic person need. Nevertheless , most people meet their significant others through cultural circles, work/school functions, or maybe even shallow regularly. Despite this, more people are after switching to less classic methods of online dating.
Facebook has made its despoliation into the online dating services business. The new dating service allows users to create solo profiles, search events in their city, and view much more info about other users. It will cost not join, nevertheless Facebook boasts that it will give better matches than competitors. Facebook can test the new service subsequently this year and it is likely to roll-out for free. This new service will probably be limited to Facebook members and can only be available in selected cities.
While it is valid that most people receive fewer messages than others, this percentage remains to be high. However , it is important to notice that the standard number of messages a person receives relies upon over the age of the individual, the gender of the person, and their education level. Regardless of this, men often be more desirable than women, although white men are more attractive than Cookware women. The research also demonstrates men have degree levels than women.
To tell the truth, one in every single ten people who will be in a committed relationship says they met their partner through an online dating sites service. As compared to those who fulfilled their partners through classic methods, online dating is becoming more prevalent. A recent Pew Research Middle survey uncovered that two-thirds of internet users had a particular date with someone they will met online. And practically a quarter of which married — a sign which the internet has turned into a major part of affectionate relationships.
Although some people believe that online dating is not safe, a large number of people think that it has made the seeing latina mail order brides encounter safer. Actually a recent survey found that 77% of internet users feel that internet dating has made courtship more effective and safer. However , 37% said that it may lead to increased corruption in society. Online dating sites have become a significant tool pertaining to meeting persons, which is why the stigma neighboring it is slowly but surely fading. The key benefits of online dating happen to be clear: costly effective alternative to popular meeting persons in real life.


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Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Baton Rouge East
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Continental Breakfast
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Room service
- Swimming pool
- Business Services
Travelers also recommend:
- More recommendations
TripAdvisor Reviews Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Baton Rouge East
Travel Blogs from Baton Rouge
... deluge. After 20 min. it let up enough to continue. I stayed on my plan to ride up the Mississippi River. The weather front seemed to be moving west to east but slowly. Taking the slower road worked and the ride from NOLA to Baton Rouge was actually pleasant. I got some great pictures of 2 plantation houses, and farms. This area must produce half of the gasoline in America. The oil refineries on this road ...
... Eunice, La. to the Jean Lafitte National Park Service Folk-life demonstration of music and food. Of course that was right up my alley. not the food but the music. The music was by the, Bubba Hebert and The New Morse Playboys. I know you are asking who the heck are they. well I was too. I never heard of them but I never listen to Cajun music either. But let me tell you they are good. the young fourteen year old boy could play that accordion. And I brought ...
... position. It is a long narrow town with a steep drop-away on each side. There was a port town in the lower area called Bayeu Sara , but after a couple of disasters it was mostly demolished and some of the buildings such as the Methodist church tower were dragged up to St Francisville and incorporated. It is a very pretty town with pretty houses and we wandered around until we were cactus! This afternoon we ...
Up early for brekky in the very posh dining room then a slide show by the riverlorian about the river in general and the boat/ship in particular, then an explanation of how the excursions work. Apparently the very fancy buses which are decorated to look like the paddle steamer follow us up the river. We landed at Nottaway instead of Oak Alley because of the height of the river, so our bus trip ...
... being repacked for training, when I came back I had to take everything out and repack and I remember having a pair of jeans laying there to put in with everything else but for whatever reason, I forgot to put them in. So I couldn't even go anywhere because I didn't have any pants. I put my uniform on to go downstairs to breakfast and went back upstairs to my room and put my pajamas back ...


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Cars came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depend on them. The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of the modern car when German inventor Karl Benz patented his Benz Patent-Motorwagen. Cars became widely available in the early 20th century. One of the first cars accessible to the masses was the 1908 Model T, an American car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. Cars were rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal-drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.
In November 1881, French inventor Gustave Trouvé demonstrated the first working (three-wheeled) car powered by electricity at the International Exposition of Electricity, Paris. Although several other German engineers (including Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach, and Siegfried Marcus) were working on the problem at about the same time, Karl Benz generally is acknowledged as the inventor of the modern car.
The original Benz Patent-Motorwagen, first built in 1885 and awarded the patent for the concept In 1879, Benz was granted a patent for his first engine, which had been designed in 1878. Many of his other inventions made the use of the internal combustion engine feasible for powering a vehicle. His first Motorwagen was built in 1885 in Mannheim, Germany. He was awarded the patent for its invention as of his application on 29 January 1886 (under the auspices of his major company, Benz & Cie., which was founded in 1883). Benz began promotion of the vehicle on 3 July 1886, and about 25 Benz vehicles were sold between 1888 and 1893, when his first four-wheeler was introduced along with a cheaper model. They also were powered with four-stroke engines of his own design. Emile Roger of France, already producing Benz engines under license, now added the Benz car to his line of products. Because France was more open to the early cars, initially more were built and sold in France through Roger than Benz sold in Germany. In August 1888 Bertha Benz, the wife of Karl Benz, undertook the first road trip by car, to prove the road-worthiness of her husband's invention.

domain: history


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of Laraia’s Cheese Shop announced Monday she is closing one of Rockland’s few freestanding
cheese specialty shops and holding a going out of business sale.
Dorothy Clark bought Laraia’s three years ago from original owner Larry Laraia, who was retiring.
Clark said with the business slowing over the past year she had been considering shutting the store, which has five part-time employees.
“I’ve been thinking about it since the spring,” Clark said adding she had been hoping to keep it open through the holidays.
A message on Laraia’s Facebook page explained the decision.
the current economic climate and the fact that supermarkets and big box stores
are now carrying artisanal cheeses along with other gourmet items, we are
unable to compete with them and sustain a viable business.”
Maria of New City, who was buying cheese with her granddaughter Makayla today, said she has been a long time customer and was sad to see it close.
“I’m a little sad especially on the holidays I get stuff,” she said.
Laraia’s at 5 Seeger Drive in Nanuet has been a fixture in the community for more than 30 years and known for giving customers samples of its selection of between 150 and 200 cheeses. Laraia opened the retail shop in in 1979 as an expansion of his cheese wholesale business. Laraia’s son now operates the wholesale side of the business, which is based in New Windsor and supplies supermarkets.
Clark said everything in the shop is 40 percent off except for the fresh, handmade mozzarella, which will continue to be made daily until it closes. Laraia’s selection of cheeses comes from local artisanal cheese makers and imported from around the world.
The shop also stocks olives, pastas, frozen Italian meals, spreads, olive oils, candies and jams. Laraia’s will no longer accept phone orders or platter orders. Its hours are 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday.
Clark said she had known Laraia for a long time and when she found out he was retiring she decided to buy the business.
“I always wanted a food business but I didn’t want a restaurant,” she said.
Clark is not sure what her future plans are.
The Facebook post goes on to say, “We would like to thank you for your patronage over the years and for being part of the Laraia's Cheese Shop Family. Sincerely, Dorothy, Tricia, Joe, Larry, Diane & Bob.”

domain: economics


TekCrete Fast - Minova Global
TekCrete Family of Products
Sprayed Coatings: Non-Flexible, High-Strength Shotcrete
TekCrete Fast was developed in response to customer demand for a gunite with effectively immediate strength on application. The product can be used with or without steel or polymer mesh, although the mesh will provide additional tensile and flexural strength. Binding broken strata together for better structural integrity, TekCrete Fast can be used anywhere in a mine where conventional gunite is used and as with any coating or sealant, it performs best when applied as soon as possible after the strata is exposed. Including rebound, TekCrete Fast has a surface coverage of approximately 8.2 ft2 per 60 lb. bag at a thickness of 1⁄2“.
- Ultra-rapid rate of strength gain – Structural strength achieved in a few minutes (see Table 1).
- Safe – The high modulus polymer fibers are safer to handle than steel or fiberglass fibers.
- High build – Superior adhesion and rapid rate of strength gain allows high build.
- Fiber reinforced – The large proportion of high modulus fibers permits strain hardening and excellent post peak failure characteristics.


- (1) AudioControl DM-810 8 x 10 out Matrix DSP Digital Sound Processor Audio Control
- (1) Beyerdynamic DT 880 Premium 600 Ohm Semi-Open Maximum Comfort HiFi Headphones
- (1) Rockville ROCK EVERYWHERE Portable Bluetooth Speaker/Waterproof/Wireless Link
What’s in the box:
- Power and speaker connectors
Description of DM-810:
When you require total control and optimization to achieve great sound quality, AudioControl’s DM-810 Processor is the solution.
The powerful DM-810 processor allows users to truly optimize the performance of their audio system, regardless of whether they are using a factory or aftermarket source, and to truly achieve the goal of “Making Good Sound Great”.
These highly versatile Digital Signal processors are equipped with key features, such as active speaker level inputs, line-level and digital audio inputs, providing up to 10 channels of output. AudioControl’s DM Smart DSP app (available as a free download) contains the power of AudioControl processing through a flexible interface packed full of features in a simple lay out. Configure signal summing, 30 bands of equalization, signal time-alignment, input delay and phase correction, plus AudioControl proprietary features like AccuBASS®, GTOTM Signal Sense, and MILCTM as well as integrated input and output RTA’s.
The built in Option Port on the DM-810 is the future of car audio and will allow hi-res streaming directly into the DSP. It also opens up future proprietary connections for additional inputs, controllers and interface solutions.
Designed to be the ultimate in sound quality and enhanced audio performance, the DM-810 is our latest AudioControl processor that sets a new standard for sound and what can be achieved in car audio systems.
- Input and Output RTA for precise and informed tuning
- GTOTM Signal Sensing
- MILCTM Clip Detection
- Signal Summing
- Signal Delay
- 12 and 24 dB/octave crossovers
- 30 band equalizer
- Optional ACR-3 remote for preset recall and level control
- Optional AC-BT24 Bluetooth Streamer/Programmer
- DM Smart DSP app available in downloads for Mac/PC
- Preamp Input Channels: 8
- Digital Inputs: 1 x Toslink and Coax
- Input Impedance Preamp / Speaker-level: 20 kΩ / 7 kΩ
- Preamp Outputs Channels: 10
- Maximum Output Level: 10 Vrms
- Output Impedance: 150 Ω
- Total Harmonic Distortion: 0.01%
- Frequency Response: 20 Hz to 24 kHz
- Crossover Frequency: variable
- Crossover Type: 12 and 24 dB/octave Linkwitz-Riley
- 12 VDC Remote In
- 12 VDC Remote Out (always active when unit is on)
- Power Supply: High Headroom PWM Switching
- Current Draw: 1A
- Recommended Fuse Rating: 3A
Weights & dimensions
- Dimensions: 10.5”W x 5.7”D x 1.6”H
- Weight: 2.6lbs (1.2kg)
Description of DT 880 Premium 600 Ohm:
THE CLASSIC AMONG HI-FI HEADPHONES
Music lovers delight in its natural, vibrant sound as well as its excellent spacious reproduction.
The semi-open headphones attenuate ambient noise, but do not exclude it completely, and thus convey a harmonious sound experience. These headphones have been part of the beyerdynamic portfolio for 20 years and still enjoy exceptional popularity. All components are available as replacement parts, making the DT 880 Premium a reliable companion for many years to come..
CONCERT ATMOSPHERE AT HOME
The DT 880 Premium sounds very neutral and relaxed. The bass reproduction penetrates very deeply, but is not overstated. This feature is particularly appealing to lovers of jazz and classical music because it gives the headphones a really transparent sound and makes the individual components of the music clearly audible. Thanks to its semi-open design, the DT 880 Premium allows some ambient noise to penetrate and escape, but attenuates it somewhat stronger than in the case of a fully open headphone such as the DT 990 Edition.
EXCELLENT WEARING COMFORT
The over-ear headphones are very light for their size and ensure a pleasant fit thanks to their carefully selected materials. The soft ear pads are made from breathable and skin-friendly velour, effectively keeping any build-up of heat away from your ears and allowing you to enjoy music for hours. The combination of comfortable headband and robust yokes made from aluminium ensure a comfortable fit and an excellent stability.
DIFFERENCE COMPARED TO DT 880 PRO
The DT 880 Premium is identical to the DT 880 PRO when it comes to sound. That's because we use similarly designed acoustic transducers for both headphones. However, the premium models have a somewhat softer headband for enjoying music at home with maximum comfort while our PRO headset has a slightly tighter fit on the head so that it doesn't move even in everyday studio use. Moreover, the Premium version is supplied with a straight cable and the PRO version with a coiled cable.
Models with an impedance of 32 ohms are extremely versatile and are also ideal for use on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets for example.
The 250-Ohm headphones were developed primarily for use at home on a stereo system.
The 600-Ohm version gets the best out of hi-fi systems with especially powerful headphone outputs or special headphone amplifiers.
MADE IN GERMANY
The DT 880 stands for quality "Made in Germany". We only use the best quality parts for these over-ears, which we hand craft in Germany with great care and attention to detail. Many of the parts can also be exchanged and replaced, so you are guaranteed a product that will endure into the future.
- Beyerdynamic DT 880 Premium 600 Ohm Semi-Open Maximum Comfort HiFi Headphones
- Circumaural, premium headphones for music enjoyment at home
- Neutral highs and bass tones and excellent spatial reproduction
- Optimum wearing comfort, even when enjoying music for several hours
- Made in Germany
- Transmission Type: Wired
- Sound Coupling To The Ear: Circumaural (Around The Ear)
- Transducer type: Dynamic
- Operating principle: Semi-open
- Frequency response: 5 - 35,000 Hz
- Nominal impedance: 32 Ω / 250 Ω / 600 Ω
- Nominal SPL: 96 dB
- T.H.D: < 0.2%
- Power handling capacity: 100 mW
- Nominal headband pressure. approx: 2.8 N
- Cable length and type: 3 m / straight cable
- Connection: Gold-plated 1/8" mini stereo jack plug (3.5 mm) and 1/4" adapter (6.35 mm)
- Weight without cable. 290 g
How to Set Up Your ROCK EVERYWHERE:
Video of ROCK EVERYWHERE:
What's In The Box:
- (1) Portable Bluetooth Speaker
- (1) Micro USB Charging Cable
- (1) 3.5mm Auxiliary Cable
- Bar clamp to mount speaker
- Rubber detachable strap
- Owner's Manual
- Warranty Card
The Rockville Rock Everywhere is a true wireless stereo (TWS) Bluetooth speaker that you will want to bring with you everywhere you go because it sounds so good!
Audiophile Sound Quality
The ROCK EVERYWHERE is a larger version of our famous ROCK ANYWHERE speaker. This model has a bigger battery, and even bigger sound! The passive radiator give this booming bass while the full range speakers give you loud and clear mids and highs. This speaker is loud enough to use outdoors and sounds clear enough for use in your bedroom or even in your restaurant. What makes this speaker special is that at high volume levels the sound is still extremely clear.
TWS – True Wireless Stereo
The TWS function allows you to wirelessly connect 2 of these speakers together to give you stereo sound. This will give you a left and right channel which translates into true stereo surround sound. If you want amazing sound in your bedroom you can just put one of these on each side of your room and it will sound like you have a full surround sound speaker system!
We use an advanced Bluetooth chip called the Actions 4.2 that has a dual core single chip with a DSP that we tuned to increase the sound quality. The advantage of this Bluetooth chip is that you get way better battery life, better sound, and better Bluetooth distance.
The ROCK EVEYWHERE is 100% waterproof. You can take it with you into the shower or pour water all over it for fun and it will not get damaged. You can even submerge it in water for around 20 seconds without damage.
Built in phone charging (powerbank)
This model has a built in powerbank that will allow you to charge your phone or other USB device.
Battery lasts extremely long!
This will go for 47 hours at 25 % volume, 27 hours at 50 % volume, and 5 hours at max volume. This item also has 3 LED lights to indicate how much battery you have left.
Tons of playback options
In addition to Bluetooth this speaker plays back songs on a memory card (up to 256gB). There is also a 3.5MM aux input so you can plug in any other audio device.
Mount it everywhere you go!
We include a bar clamp and a rubber strap in the box. This means you can hang it on your backpack, hang it on a fence, mount it to the handlebar of your bike, hang it from your showerhead, and more. The hanging, clamping, and desktop options make this speaker more useful than any other on the market.
90 Day Money Back Guarantee
We guarantee this will sound clearer than any other portable Bluetooth speaker on the market. Even those at double the price! We offer a 90 day money back guarantee. If you do not love it, we will send you a pre-paid shipping label and take it back at no cost to you and we will give you a complete refund.
- Rockville ROCK EVERYWHERE Waterproof Portable Bluetooth Speaker with TWS Stereo Linking
- RMS Power Handling: 15 Watts
- Audiophile sound quality
- Uses the best drivers and a passive radiator subwoofer to give amazing frequency range and sound quality
- Uses DSP tuning along with top of the line drivers to achieve a very balanced sound
- Actions 4.2 Bluetooth chipset streams Bluetooth with high fidelity and is efficient on the battery life
- Completely Waterproof with IPX6 Rating – You can submerge it under water for 20 seconds without damaging it
- Built in TF card slot with support for up to 256gB TF card
- TF card supported file formats: MP3/WMA/APE/FLAC/WAV
- Fast Charge Time: 3 Hours
- 3600 mAH Polymer battery supports up to 47-hour playback at 25% volume, 27 hours of playback at 50% volume, and 5 hours of Playback at max volume
- ROCK EVERYWHERE is bar mountable and include the mounting clamp that screws into the bottom of the speaker
- Battery charges with included USB cable
- 3 LED battery life indicators
- Distortion: Less than 1%
- Frequency Response: 80 Hz -20 kHz
- Play, Pause, Skip Forward, Skip Back, Volume Up, Volume Down
- Will control next song, pause, play on popular apps like Pandora, Spotify, and others
- 40 Foot Maximum Bluetooth Range
- The built-in microphone allows you to make and receive phone calls hands-free
- Compatible with any Bluetooth devices such as iPad, iPhone, Laptops, Android phone, other cell phones, ipods, other Bluetooth MP3 Players
- iPhone and Android devices will display the battery life of the speaker when connected through Bluetooth
- Rugged and Shockproof with Rubberized Impact-Resistant Silicone Feet
- Perfect for shower, bedroom, kitchen, biking, restaurant, yoga, camping, hiking, pool, beach, on-the-go, and much more!
- Product Dimensions: 7.2” x 3.23” x 2.32”
- Product Weight: 0.97 lbs
- Color: Black body with silver end caps


text:
On Friday, the White House blamed Congress for delaying the establishment of a comprehensive regulatory framework that would help US regulators flush out all the bad actors in the crypto industry.
According to President Biden’s top advisors, Congress needed to double its efforts. In a blog post published on the White House website, the advisors suggested to Congress several moves it could make to ensure crypto users are protected.
President Biden’s Advisors and Their Proposed Consumer Protection Moves
Some of the proposed moves include giving more powers to federal regulatory institutions like the Securities and Exchange Commission alongside the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
In addition, the President’s advisors recommended supporting law enforcement agencies by ensuring they are adequately funded, increasing penalties, and developing legislation to govern stablecoins.
In crypto, stablecoin’s value is tied to a solid asset like the US dollar or gold. This relationship exists to keep constant the value of the stablecoin even when there is high volatility in the crypto market.
However, this theory has been tested severally. A notable incident happened in May 2022 when Terra’s UST was depegged from the USD, leading to its downfall. UST’s collapse has been largely blamed for the ongoing crypto winter.
Biden’s Advisors Expect Republicans to Make Weak Regulations
Meanwhile, President’s advisors have cautioned that the Republican House of Representatives sworn in recently could cause more problems by failing to develop tight regulations.
The advisors’ warning seemed to reference the newly created Subcommittee on Digital assets, which Republican Representatives run. The Subcommittee aims to develop a comprehensive crypto regulatory framework.
Has President Biden Done Enough to Ensure Proper Crypto Regulations?
While the President is quick to blame the Republicans for weak crypto regulations, it is fair to say that Biden had not prioritized such regulations from 2021 to last November when he had control over the Senate, the House, and the Presidency.
In fact, at that time, multiple controversies hit the crypto space. The notable ones include the collapse of the crypto exchange FTX in early November 2022 and the implosion of Terra’s UST in May.
Today, several crypto bills have been presented to the Senate but are yet to be voted on. For example, a Stablecoin TRUST Act introduced to the Senate last December to develop regulations for stablecoins is yet to be approved.


text:
- Survival - Resources Pack DLC
- Mr Raccoon - Weapon Accessory DLC
For more information - Click here!
Information on how to redeem your pre-order bonus will be send out via e-mail when the game is released.
The next generation of survival horror rises in the form of Resident Evil Village, the eighth major entry in the Resident Evil series. With ultra-realistic graphics powered by the RE Engine, fight for survival as danger lurks around every corner.
Set a few years after the horrifying events in the critically acclaimed Resident Evil 7 biohazard, the all-new storyline begins with Ethan Winters and his wife Mia living peacefully in a new location, free from their past nightmares. Just as they are building their new life together, tragedy befalls them once again. When BSAA captain Chris Redfield attacks their home, Ethan must once again head into hell to get his kidnapped daughter back.

domain: entertainment


Saeshin Labmuse Digital Wax Heater, 1 Hole
- Products Model: WP-5
- Product Brand: Saeshin America, Inc.
- Condition: New
- Warranty: Satisfaction Guaranteed
Product images shown are for illustration purposes only and may not be an exact representation of the product. If you have questions regarding product images click here.
- Easy to use and operate
- Displays Celsius or Fahrenheit (30°C ~ 120°C)
- Heats wax quickly and maintains it in liquid form without any change in physical properties
- Built-in digital CPU circuit that can be preset to accurately maintain desired temperature
- Input : 100 V, 110-120 V, 220-230 V, 240 V (50/60 Hz)
- Dimension : W 195 x H 56 x D 110mm
Includes: Controller, Power Cord, Instruction Manual
Not Available in Canada


text:
Basic Job Description:
Evaluate, advise, and treat athletes to assist recovery from injury, avoid injury, or maintain peak physical fitness.
1) Conduct an initial assessment of an athlete's injury or illness in order to provide emergency or continued care, and to determine whether they should be referred to physicians for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
2) Care for athletic injuries using physical therapy equipment, techniques, and medication.
3) Evaluate athletes' readiness to play, and provide participation clearances when necessary and warranted.
4) Apply protective or injury preventive devices such as tape, bandages, or braces to body parts such as ankles, fingers, or wrists.
5) Assess and report the progress of recovering athletes to coaches and physicians.
6) Collaborate with physicians in order to develop and implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs for athletic injuries.
Thanks for visiting CareerPlanner.com
How can we help you with your career?
7) Advise athletes on the proper use of equipment.
8) Plan and implement comprehensive athletic injury and illness prevention programs.
9) Develop training programs and routines designed to improve athletic performance.
Is being an "Athletic Trainer" your very best career choice?
Our Career Interest Test will show you which careers match your interests.
Our Free Personality Test will show you which careers match your personality and why.
10) Travel with athletic teams in order to be available at sporting events.
11) Instruct coaches, athletes, parents, medical personnel, and community members in the care and prevention of athletic injuries.
12) Inspect playing fields in order to locate any items that could injure players.
13) Conduct research and provide instruction on subject matter related to athletic training or sports medicine.
14) Recommend special diets in order to improve athletes' health, increase their stamina, and/or alter their weight.
15) Massage body parts in order to relieve soreness, strains, and bruises.
16) Confer with coaches in order to select protective equipment.
17) Accompany injured athletes to hospitals.
18) Perform team-support duties such as running errands, maintaining equipment, and stocking supplies.
19) Lead stretching exercises for team members prior to games and practices.
|Part 1||Part 2||Part 3||Part 4||Part 5|
|Duties / Tasks||Activities||Skills||Abilities||Knowledge / Experience|
Holland / RIASEC Career Code: S-R-I SOC: 29-9091.00

domain: health


text:
Neuropharmacology postdoc Nick DiPatrizio was stumped. His advisor, University of California, Irvine, researcher Daniele Piomelli, had discovered eight years earlier that hungry rats have high levels of endocannabinoids, endogenous molecules that bind to the same receptors as the active ingredient in marijuana.
Now, in 2009, DiPatrizio was trying to identify exactly where and how those molecules were controlling food intake in rats. But under specific feeding conditions, he couldn’t locate any changes in endocannabinoid levels in the brain, which is flush with endocannabinoid receptors and the obvious place to look for behavioral signals.
Piomelli gently chastised his mentee. “He said, ‘You’re being neurocentric. Remember, there’s a body attached to the head. Look in the other organs of the body,’ ” recalls DiPatrizio. So the young scientist persisted, and eventually discovered that hunger—and the taste of fat—leads to increased endocannabinoid levels in the jejunum, a part of the small intestine. Endocannabinoid signaling in the gut, not the brain, was controlling food intake in the rodents in response to tasting fats.1
READ THE FULL STORY BELOW

domain: medical


Using plastic for compressed air piping
Contaminant-free compressed air piping systems continue to become increasingly important with the advent of industrial automation. This article discusses the benefits to using plastic piping, the limitations of certain plastics, the do's and don'ts of installation, joint drying times for 100 percent pressure testing, provides a sizing guide for main air lines and more.
Plant Engineering – January 2001
Feature article : Using plastic for compressed air piping
S idebar 1: Do’s and don’ts of the plastic pipe installation process
Table I: Joint drying times for 100% pressure testing
Table II : Sizing guide for main air lines Randy Doering, Industrial Plastics, NIBCO, Inc., Elkhart, IN
Plastic pipe eliminates rust and corrosion.
Not all plastics can be used for compressed air piping.
Plastic pipe reduces leakage because most joints are solvent cemented, not threaded.
“Plastics,” the famous one-word line from the 1967 film “The Graduate,” was said to be the key to the future. That prediction was never truer than today as it relates to compressed air piping systems. The technology for using plastic for compressed air systems ( Fig. 1 ) has been around for a number of years in Europe. Today, the use of plastic for clean compressed air systems has become widespread in the United States.
Contaminant-free compressed air systems have continued to become increasingly important with the advent of industrial automation. Assembly robots, packaging equipment, paint spraying, and pharmaceutical processing are just a few of the many applications that require clean compressed air.
Black iron or galvanized steel pipe commonly used for compressed air systems typically generates rust, corrosion, and other debris that can cause manufacturing problems. These contaminants are minimized or eliminated by using stainless steel or copper pipe. However, metal piping systems, particularly threaded systems, are still prone to leakage, which forces the use of larger, more expensive compressors. Also, stainless steel and copper, on an installed-cost basis, can be prohibitively expensive.
Low operating costs are possible with plastic in compressed air systems. Even if only a small percentage of threaded joints in a plant are leaking, this loss can amount to thousands of dollars per year, not counting any major leaks that may go unrepaired for long periods of time. The end result is lower efficiency and waste of valuable energy, which plastic piping can reduce.
Plastic materials Plastic piping manufactured for compressed air systems is a specifically designed thermoplastic, a specially engineered formulation of ABS that has been extensively modified. The result is a homogeneous shatter-resistant piping system with outstanding strength, ductility, and impact resistance. The ABS used conforms to Cell Classification 54322 as outlined by ASTM D-3965. A failure from over-pressurization or severe impact would merely result in a crack or split that would release the pressure harmlessly. No fragmentation of the pipe or fitting would occur ( Fig. 2 ).
Other thermoplastic piping materials, such as PVC and CPVC, are recommended for liquid service, but should never be used to convey compressed air. The use of PVC and CPVC in a compressed air system could result in a failure that would cause the rapidly decompressing air to fling sharp fragments of plastic through the air.
Installation Plastic has proven to be ideal for compressed air and gas, based on four factors engineers take into consideration when specifying a system:
Initial installed labor cost
Long-term maintenance cost.
Installation of plastic for compressed air systems is somewhat different from that of traditional metal pipe. Plastic pipe cannot be threaded because pressure ratings are dependent on wall thickness. Threads are used only for connecting transition fittings or flanges to metal system components. All plastic-to-plastic components, unions, flanges, and special fittings are joined with solvent cement ( Fig. 3 ).
Plastic piping should never be connected directly to the compressor. Connect it downstream from the air receiver or aftercooler. Many compressor lubricating oils may be used with a plastic pipe system, though synthetic, diester, and polar-solvent-based oils are not suitable. Installers should read technical bulletins or check with technical service departments for a list of compressor oils compatible with a given system.
Expansion and contraction of plastic pipe should be taken into consideration when installing the system. All piping materials, including plastics, undergo dimensional changes when the temperature rises above or falls below the initial installation temperature. The system should be designed so that it can expand and contract freely. Expansion loops are usually not required if the piping is in a plant ( Fig. 4 ). Technical manuals can assist the installer in calculating the amount of expansion to expect.
Pressure/temperature ratings Pipe and fittings are pressure rated for continuous use at 185 psi and 100 F. Valves, unions, and flanges are pressure rated for continuous service at 150 psi and 100 F. The maximum service temperature for 1/2—2-in. fittings is 140 F, while the maximum temperature for 3 and 4-in. fittings is 120 F.
—Edited by Joseph L. Foszcz, Senior Editor,630-320-7135, email@example.com
More info Technical assistance is available from the author’s company for any questions relating to this subject. Call 888-4446-4226 or visit the web sit at nibco.com .
o’s and don’ts of the plastic pipe installation process
Use the proper applicator
Use the correct solvent cement
Apply the cement while the primer is still wet
Follow instructions completely
Attempt to solvent weld if:
—it is raining
—the atmospheric temperature is below 40 F
—the product is under direct exposure to the sun at an atmospheric temperature above 90 F
Discard empty cans of solvent, primer, or rags near piping; concentrated fumes or dripping cement or primer can cause piping failure
Joint drying times for 100% pressure testing
Nominal pipe size, inHot weather surface temperature, 90—150 FMild weather surface temperature, 50—90 FCold weather surface temperature, 10—50 F
3 and 4
Note. The drying temperatures should not be confused with atmospheric joining temperature recommendations and limitations. Table II:
Sizing guide for main air lines/Maximum flow of free air, scfm, when the psig is:
Pipe size, in.51020406080100120
Note: Maximum flow of free air is based on a velocity of 20 fps.


text:
This study was designed to investigate the potential additive influence of perioperative blood transfusion (BTF) and postoperative infections on cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) after radical gastrectomy.
The medical records of 2114 consecutive stage II/III GC patients who underwent curative resection and planned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) were retrospectively reviewed. The independent predictive factors for infections were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Cox regression analysis was used to assess any associations between BTF, infection and CSS.
A total of 507 (24.0%) received perioperative BTF and 148 (7.0%) developed infections with BTF being identified as an independent predictor for infections. Both BTF and infections independently predicted poor CSS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.193, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007–1.414; HR 1.323, 95% CI 1.013–1.727) and an additive effect was confirmed as patients who had both BTF and infection had even worse CSS. Further stratified analyses showed that complete AC (≥ 6 cycles) could significantly improve CSS in patients who had BTF and/or infection, which was comparable to those without BTF and/or infection (P = 0.496).
Infection was the most common complication after gastrectomy and BTF was identified as an independent risk factor. BTF was associated with shorter CSS in stages II/III GC, independent of infections, and receiving BTF and developing infections had an additive effect that was associated with even worse CSS. However, complete AC could significantly improve CSS in these patients. Thus, strategies designed to ensure the completion of AC, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, should be further investigated.
Gastric cancer (GC) has been ranked as the fifth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China.1,2 Surgery is currently the only available curative treatment. Unfortunately, patients with GC in China and western countries are commonly diagnosed at locally advanced stage. In these patients, besides a relatively high incidence of anemia when admitted to hospital, radical gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy sometimes lead to massive hemorrhage even in high-volume centers.3,4 As a result, approximately 20% of GC patients required blood transfusions (BTF) perioperatively.5,6 While BTF is inevitable sometimes, transfusion-related immune modulation (TRIM) and systemic inflammation induced by a BTF not only leads to a higher incidence of postoperative complications, especially infections, but also poorer prognosis.5,6,7,8,9,–10 In addition, a growing body of evidence supports that postoperative complications adversely affect the long-term survivals of GC patients.11,12 Given that both a BTF and postoperative infectious complications can cause a strong inflammatory response, and results in a pro-tumor environment, we hypothesized that a synergistic unfavorable effect may be observed for survival of GC patients who had both a BTF and infection, a question to the best of our knowledge that has not been previously addressed.
On the other hand, perioperative chemotherapy (including both preoperatively and postoperatively) has been recommended as a standard treatment for advanced GC to improve prognosis.13 However, it is not uncommon to encounter patients who are unable to complete the planned adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) due to a poor physical condition or later recovery as a result of postoperative morbidity.12,14 Given that infection was a common and sometimes severe complication following radical gastrectomy for GC, whether it could adversely impact the completion of AC and finally, lead to poorer prognosis, deserves further investigation.
In this retrospective study, we investigated the influence of a BTF on postoperative infections and the potential additive detrimental effect of a BTF and infections on cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with stage II/III GC after radical gastrectomy, by analyzing the data from a high-volume center in China. Additionally, we investigated whether completion of AC could compensate for the adverse influence of a BTF and infections on prognosis.
Design and Patients
The medical records of all GC patients undergoing gastrectomy in Hunan Cancer Hospital from November 2010 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 2306 adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with pathologically diagnosed stage II/III gastric adenocarcinoma experiencing radical gastrectomy (R0 resection and D2 lymph node dissection) were eligible for enrollment in our study. Patients with remnants or recurrence of gastric cancer (n = 33), other synchronous malignancies (n = 32), and/or missing essential clinical or pathological data (n = 127) were excluded, resulting in a total of 2114 patients being enrolled. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Institutional Review Board of Hunan Cancer Hospital (No. 05 quick review of scientific research in 2020), and written, informed consent for surgery and use of clinicopathological data was obtained from every patient before their operation.
Perioperative Management and Follow-Up
Experienced surgeons performed or supervised all surgeries. Lymph node dissection and digestive tract reconstruction were performed in keeping with the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines, and classified according to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system.13,15 Some patients with cT3-4/N+ diseases received 2 to 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before surgery.13 For these who received NAC, pretreatment clinical TNM stage was applied. Patients with locally advanced GC usually required an open procedure, but a small number underwent minimally invasive surgery, including laparoscopy-assisted or total laparoscopic gastrectomy. All patients received a prophylactic antibiotic (generally a second- or third-generation cephalosporin) 30 to 60 min before surgery, which usually lasted for 3 to 5 days after surgery.
Postoperative morbidity and mortality was identified and graded according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, within 30 days following resection.16 Only grade II or greater complications were included for analysis in this study, given the paucity of clinical relevance of grade I complications. AC was usually started about 1 month after gastrectomy using capecitabine/S-1 and oxaliplatin based regimens for about 6 months.17,18 Some patients with stage II disease, or with stage III disease but a relatively poor condition, might receive oral S-1 treatment alone.13
Every patient was followed-up at 1 month following resection, every 3 months in the initial 2 years, at half-yearly intervals between years 3 and 5, and yearly thereafter. Physical and laboratory examinations were performed at each follow-up. A computed tomography (CT) scan and/or ultrasonography was recommended at 6-monthly intervals in the first 5 years and endoscopy was performed every 2 years. The latest follow-up date was December 2019.
The demographic, operative, pathological, and follow-up data were collected from medical records and retrospectively analyzed. As reported in our previous study, perioperative BTF was defined as transfusing packed erythrocytes from admission to discharge for surgery (usually 5 days before surgery and within 14 days thereafter).6 Generally, patients were given a BTF if their hemoglobin concentration was < 80 g/L, whereas a BTF also might be given to patients with inappropriate oxygenation or hemodynamic instability, when the hemoglobin concentration range was 80 to 100 g/L, as discussed in our previous study.6 The diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications (intra-abdominal infection, pneumonia, etc.) was confirmed in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and was described in our previous study.6,19
Gastric cancer-specific survival (CSS) was calculated from the time of surgery to death because of GC or the last follow-up. Patients who received ≥ 6 courses of chemotherapy regimens within half a year from the initial AC were considered to have completed AC, given that patients who received < 6 courses of AC had significant poorer outcomes.17,20 To clarify the potential impact of a BTF and/or infection on survival, patients were further classified into four subgroups according to whether they required BTF or experienced infections or not. Patients who required both a BTF and experienced infections [(+)transfusion/(+)infection], required a BTF but did not get an infection [(+)transfusion/(−)infection], had an infection but did not require a BTF [(−)transfusion/(+)infection], and lastly, those patients who did not need a BTF or did not get an infection [(−)transfusion/(−)infection]. To confirm whether a synergistic influence of both transfusion and infection existed for survival, further analysis was performed using the (+)transfusion/(−)infection group as the reference group.20,21
Data are described as the mean ± SD or numbers (%), and the significance of difference was determined using a Student’s t test (or a Mann–Whitney U test) or a Chi squared test with Fisher’s exact test, when appropriate. Predictive factors for infections were clarified using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Survival data were analyzed by a Kaplan–Meier curve, and the log-rank test was used to compare subgroups. Predictors that may have influenced CSS were determined by multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Multivariate regression analyses using a forward conditional method were performed for factors with a P value < 0.05 after univariate analysis. All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 24.0, IBM Corporation, New York) and a two-sided P value < 0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant.
Characteristics of Patients
As shown in Table 1,of the 2114 patients included in this study, 1413 (66.8%) were male and 701 (33.2%) female. The mean age was 55.88 years (range, 19–86), and the mean body mass index (BMI) 21.70 kg/m2 (range 13.84–35.00). The majority of patients underwent open surgery (74.9%), for a subtotal gastrectomy (71.7%) and patients with stage III disease (73.3%). The mean duration of general anesthesia was 202 min, and the mean estimated intra-operative blood loss was 208 mL. A total of 224 patients (10.6%) received NAC, 507 patients (24.0%) received a perioperative BTF with a median amount of transfused erythrocytes of 4 U (range 1.5–42.5).
Postoperative Infectious Complications
There were 220 patients (10.4%) who experienced a total of 291 adverse events within 30 days following surgery, including 170 (58.4%) cases of infection and 121 (41.6%) cases of noninfectious complications, defined as Clavien–Dindo grade II or greater (Supplementary Table 1). A total of 148 patients experienced 170 infections, with 92 cases of intra-abdominal infections (including those caused by leakage) being the most frequent, following by pulmonary (n = 61) and wound (n = 12) infections.
Age ≥ 65 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, positive smoking history, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score ≥ 3, comorbidity, preoperative hemoglobin < 100 g/L, preoperative albumin < 35 g/L, with complications due to the tumor, open procedure, longer operative time (≥ 240 min), larger intraoperative blood loss (≥ 300 mL), and BTF was all found as potential risk factors for postoperative infections by univariate analyses (all P values < 0.05; Table 2). After enrolling these factors into multivariate regression analysis, the final independent predictors for infections were found to be an operation time ≥ 240 min, perioperative BTF, open surgery, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, any comorbidity and a smoking history (Table 3). It is worthy to notice that NAC did not significantly increase the risk of postoperative infections (4.0% vs. 7.4%, P = 0.064) or total complications (7.6% vs. 10.7%, P = 0.150).
Risk Factors for Poor CSS
Among the entire cohort of patients, 808 deaths (38.2%) occurred during the median follow-up period of 22 months (range 1–108), with a median overall survival (OS) time of 57 months. A total of 799 patients experienced tumor recurrences among whom 705 died due to GC (the exact causes of death of another 38 patients remain unknown).
In the univariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years, ASA score ≥ 3, TNM stage III, perioperative BTF, infections, and < 6 cycles of AC were found to be potential risk factors for poor CSS (all P values < 0.05; Table 4). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that only stage III (hazard ratio (HR): 3.379, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.712–4.211, P < 0.001), incomplete AC (HR 1.789, 95% CI 1.514–2.113, P < 0.001), infections (HR 1.323, 95% CI 1.013–1.727, P = 0.040), and BTF (HR 1.193, 95% CI 1.007–1.414, P = 0.042) were independent risk factors for a poorer CSS.
Association Between BTF, Infections, and CSS
Compared with the (−)transfusion/(−)infection (n = 1528), although the (−)transfusion/(+)infection group had comparable outcomes (n = 79, P = 0.576), the (+)transfusion/(−)infection group had poorer survival (n = 438, P = 0.024) and the (+)transfusion/(+)infection group was confirmed to have the worst outcomes (n = 69, P < 0.001) among the four groups (Fig. 1; Table 5). Additionally, a synergistic influence was confirmed in the (+)transfusion/(+)infection group compared to the (+)transfusion/(−)infection group (HR 1.767, 95% CI 1.206–2.590, P = 0.003). The same impact also was found with respect to OS and disease-free survival (DFS) (Supplementary Fig. 1).
Benefit from Perioperative Chemotherapy
First, the potential predictors for incomplete AC were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Age ≥ 65 years, ASA score ≥ 3, albumin < 35 g/L, and open surgery was identified to adversely affect the completion of AC (all P values < 0.05; Supplementary Table 2). In contrast, NAC was identified as an independent protective factor (HR 0.245, 95% CI 0.182–0.331, P < 0.001). Postoperative complications (28.6% vs. 34.3%, P = 0.092), severe complications (stage III-V assessed by Clavien–Dindo classification system) (29.3% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.412), infection (29.1% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.212), and intra-abdominal infections (26.1% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.113) all did not significantly have an impact on the completion of AC.
The median CSS for patients with complete AC (≥ 6 cycles, n = 713) was not reached during the follow-up, which was significantly longer than that in the incomplete AC group (< 6 cycles, n = 1401) (55 months, P < 0.001). Further stratified analysis revealed that regardless of experiencing BTF and infections or not, complete AC significantly improved CSS in stage II/III GC patients. In addition, CSS was comparable among patients with complete AC, whether they received a BTF and/or contracted an infection or not (P = 0.496, Fig. 2a). CSS was still different among the four groups for patients with incomplete AC (P < 0.001; Fig. 2b), just as for the entire cohort. Furthermore, in patients receiving NAC, CSS was similar among the four subgroups (P = 0.654) but differed significantly in those who did not undergo NAC (P < 0.001; Supplementary Fig. 2).
In this large cohort study of stage II/III GC patients from a single high-volume institution, we found that 24.0% of patients received perioperative BTF and 7.0% developed postoperative infections, which ranked as the most common complication after radical gastrectomy. The results are in keeping with our previous study and other researches from eastern countries.6,22,23 The incidence of postoperative complications, including infections, were reported to be significantly higher in studies from western countries.24 Possible reasons include patients in western countries usually had higher BMI values and had a longer duration of surgery, which are well-established predictors for postoperative infections.6 The retrospective nature and that only ≥ grade II complications were analyzed in the present study also might have decreased the incidence of infections reported. In addition, BTF was confirmed as an independent predictor for postoperative infection, as found in previous similar studies.5,6,21 One of our previous studies analyzed 2064 patients who underwent resection for GC. After adjusting for confounding biases, such as age and tumor stage using propensity score matching analysis, BTF was still confirmed to be significantly associated with infectious complications. Patients who were transfused with a high-volume (> 7.5 U) intraoperatively and those with leukocyte containing erythrocytes were found to be at the highest risk.6
Although perioperative chemotherapy (chemoradiation combined therapy in some western countries) has been recommended as the standard treatment for locally advanced GC, only 713 (33.7%) of 2114 patients received at least 6 courses of AC. Some scholars have investigated the risk factors for noncompletion of AC and older age (> 65 years), body weight loss, creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min, poor immunological and nutritional status were identified as independent predictors.19,25,26,–27 In a retrospective analysis containing 765 GC patients from U.S. Gastric Cancer Collaborative, Squires et al. found that transfused patients were less likely to receive AC, but whether transfusion was an independent predictor for poor compliance with AC has not described.9 In the present study, although patients receiving BTF seemed unlikely to complete 6 cycles of AC (29.4% vs. 35.8%, P = 0.018, Supplementary Table 2), it lost its significance in further multivariate analyses (P = 0.858), which was consistent with our previous study.19 Thus, it seemed that BTF-caused poor prognosis of GC patients was not due to effects on noncompletion of AC.
With respect to survival, both BTF and infections were confirmed to have an adverse impact on CSS. More importantly, and for the first time, a synergistic adverse influence of both receiving BTF and developing infections on the CSS of GC patients was confirmed, which was echoed by the results of Aquina and colleagues.21 In their study of 24,230 stage I to III colon cancer cases, after risk adjustment, BTF and sepsis were found to be associated with poorer OS, CSS, and cardiovascular disease-specific survival. Additionally, there was an additive effect in those patients who experienced both BTF and sepsis. This finding can be partly explained by systemic inflammation and depression of host immune response during an operation, transfusion, and infections that accelerate cancer cell proliferation and invasion.21,28,29 Because BTF has an independent, and also a synergistic influence with regard to infection on prognosis after curative resection for GC, to reduce the risk of infection and improve survival, restrictive transfusion practice seems to be a promise strategy. In fact, some prospective, multicenter, large-scale studies have compared short and long outcomes after restrictive (hemoglobin < 70 or 75 g/L) or liberal (hemoglobin < 90 or 85 g/L) levels during surgery or after hematopoietic cell transplantation and concluded that a restrictive transfusion strategy would reduce the number of transfusions required without impacting on the mortality rate.30,31 It seems inappropriate to copy their experiences verbatim in patients who underwent gastrectomy and, more importantly, whether different BTF strategies would influence the prognosis of patients with malignancy, but this issue has rarely been investigated. Preoperative iron supplementation and transfusion with leukocyte-depleted red blood cells also may be useful strategies to reduce the requirement for transfusion and the rate of occurrence of infections. To establish whether these measures improve survival, further prospective studies are needed.6,32
Postoperative complications have been identified to have an adverse impact on completion of AC, but the causative mechanism remains unclear. Whether complete AC can mitigate the adverse influence of complications on prognosis has rarely been investigated. In a recent study that analyzed 206 patients who underwent curative resection for locally advanced GC, it was found that the 3-year OS of patients without postoperative complication was 62.1%, which was significantly better than 56.9% and 33.3% in patients experienced a minor (stage I-II assessed by Clavien-Dindo classification system) or a major (stage III-IV) complication, respectively. Further analysis revealed that patients who suffered a major complication were less likely to complete multimodality therapy.12 In particular, infectious complications has confirmed as a significant predictor for noncompletion of 1-year adjuvant S-1 monotherapy for GC in a multi-institution study.27 In the present study, however, the difference of completion of AC was slightly outside the significance level between patients who experienced postoperative complications or did not (P = 0.092). Additionally, severe complications, infection, and intra-abdominal infections were all identified to have insignificant influence on compliance with of AC. These results differed from previous studies, but the relatively low incidence of postoperative complications and low completion of AC may have had an influence on the statistical power of our model. Additionally, the economic burden also might act as a confounding factor when investigating the potential risk factors for incomplete AC in China, as a developing country. Thus, a further prospective study with a larger cohort of patients is needed.
In the present study, the median CSS of patients who experienced both BTF and infection improved from 17 to 50 months if they completed at least 6 cycles of AC and became comparable to patients who had either a BTF or an infection or neither (P = 0.496; Fig. 2a). The median CSS of patients who had both a BTF and infection was still significantly shorter if the planned AC was incomplete (P < 0.001; Fig. 2b). These findings strongly support the completion of AC, particularly for patients who receive a BTF and/or develop infections. In concordance with the results of our study, Li et al. reported that completion of multimodality therapy could extenuate the adverse influence of complications on the long-term survival of locally advanced GC patients.12 Another retrospective study conducted by Vicente and colleagues confirmed that preoperative therapy for GC was protective for poor oncological outcomes in patients with complications after gastrectomy.33 It was echoed by Hayashi et al., who argued that NAC could cancel out the negative influence of infections on prognosis in advanced GC patients.34 Elimination of micrometastases by NAC before postoperative complications occur may suppress the growth of residual invisible cancer cells and control metastasis. Thus, in order to complete AC and negate the impact of complications on survival, there may be some room for consideration of performing NAC (instead of postoperative chemotherapy), especially in patients at high risk of suffering from postoperative complications.12,33,34 Further prospective studies are still necessary to clarify this supposition.
Only 224 patients (10.6%) received NAC in the present study, which was significantly lower than that reported in Western countries.33 The possible explanation was D2 gastrectomy followed by AC was considered to be a standard in the East (China, Japan, etc.), whereas NAC (or neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy) is recommended as standard treatment in the West.35 Briefly speaking, large type 3 or 4 tumors, and/or bulky nodal disease, was the main target of NAC in our institution. As shown in Supplementary Fig. 2B, the prognosis were comparable among those receiving BTF or not, developing infection or not. The negative results may be due to the extremely small sample size (n = 4 and 5 in (−)transfusion/(+)infection and (+)transfusion/(+)infection group, respectively), thus dramatically increases the possibility of a type II error and limits the statistical power. Thus, further prospective studies with a large cohort of patients are still needed to clarify the interaction among BTF, infection, and prognosis in patients undergoing NAC.
Although some important findings have been reported, the present study has a number of limitations. First and principally, it was a retrospective and single institution study. Thus, it is possible that some complications (particularly stage I-II) might have been missed and selection bias was inevitable. Second, a growing body of evidence shows that NAC can improve the R0 resection rate, completion of AC, and prognosis in patients with locally advanced GC. Only 224 patients (10.6%) received NAC in our study, which may harm the generalizability of our findings, especially in Western countries, where NAC (or radiochemotherapy) is recommended as standard treatment. Third, several anticancer regimens were used in our institution during the study, such as oxaliplatin plus S-1, oxaliplatin plus capecitabine, or S-1 alone. This also may have an impact on the completion of AC and prognosis, as a result, becoming a confounding factor. Fourth, the median follow-up period (22 months) was relatively short, but more than 90% of recurrences were diagnosed within 2 years of surgery.36 Notwithstanding the above-mentioned limitations, the present study nevertheless first investigated the interaction of BTF, infections and AC on survival of stage II/III GC patients after radical gastrectomy, based on a relatively large cohort of patients.
The present study from a high-volume center in China has revealed that BTF was a significant predictor for postoperative infectious complications following radical gastrectomy for stage II/III GC. Both BTF and infections had an adverse impact on CSS and a synergistic influence was confirmed in patients who had a BTF or experienced infections. More importantly, we found that completion of AC could compensate for the adverse influence of BTF and infections on prognosis. These findings strongly support the need for patients with locally advanced GC to complete AC, particularly patients who have received a BTF and/or developed infections. NAC seemed to be a feasible strategy for treatment, but further prospective studies are required.
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This study was supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2020JJ5339), the Science and Technology Foundation of Changsha (No. kq1907125), and the Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province (No. 20200608).
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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1 Survival curves in 2114 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for stage II/III gastric cancer classified by receiving perioperative blood transfusion and experiencing postoperative infectious complications. A) Disease-free survival; B) Overall survival. (+) defined as receiving perioperative blood transfusion or experiencing postoperative infectious complications (TIFF 5534 kb)
2 Survival curves in 2114 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for stage II/III gastric cancer classified by receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or not. A) Patients received no neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 1890); B) Patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 224) (TIFF 5344 kb)
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Xiao, H., Xiao, Y., Chen, P. et al. Association Among Blood Transfusion, Postoperative Infectious Complications, and Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients with Stage II/III Gastric Cancer After Radical Gastrectomy: Emphasizing Benefit from Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 28, 2394–2404 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-020-09102-4