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Carroll garage fire deemed total loss
Courier Staff Report
Tuesday, October 08, 2013 11:00 AM
Three fire departments responded to a garage fire on Wrights Ridge Road in Carroll County Monday night.
Carroll County's Westside Fire Department received a report of a garage fire in the 2400 block of Wrights Ridge Road around 8:50 p.m. Fire units found a large garage on fire next to a residence when arriving at the scene, Milton Fire Chief Jason Long said.
Westside Fire Department called for assistance from Trimble County's Milton and Bedford fire units after receiving the call. All three fire departments worked for a couple of hours to put the fire out, Long said.
An all-terrain vehicle, tractor, other items in the garage and the building was a total loss, he said. The nearby residence had no damage.
The fire's cause has not yet been determined, Long said, but the fire may have been caused by a wood-burning stove.
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Free expert advice for hamster owners
Halloween enrichment ideas for your pets
Get in the Halloween spirit with your cats, dogs, and small pets with these frightfully fun and spooky enrichment toys and ideas. Your pets will love them!
Make your own: hamster and gerbil hotels
We all love to treat our pets and keep them happy. If you are looking to give your gerbils and hamsters a special something, then follow our steps to create some cheap and easy hamster and gerbil hotels!
An introduction to hamsters
Hamsters are fascinating pets; they all have individual characters and enjoy exploring their surroundings. With time and patience, some hamsters can even enjoy learning basic tricks.
Make your hamster feel at home
Create the best environment for your dwarf breed or Syrian hamsters

domain: hobby


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Anonymity in music doesn't have to be a hindrance to success – just ask Daft Punk. And while R&B duo dvsn may have avoided masks to hide their identities, they've also avoided their personalities taking the spotlight in comparison to their R&B peers, namely Miguel and Drake (also their label boss).
Vocalist Daniel Daley and producer Nineteen85 instead prefer their music to speak for itself, and it's so far been successful, with their 2016 debut 'Sept. 5th' and its 2017 follow up 'Morning After' both finding the R&B sweet-spot of sounding warm and passionate without being sickly or saccharine. Sept. 5th was a powerful statement of intent, and Morning After managed to maintain the quality, despite the thematic move from romance to heartbreak.
This, their third album, sees Nineteen85’s production pared back, with Daley’s vocals less of an instrument and more of a focal point than on previous records. With featured appearances from the likes of Future, PARTYNEXTDOOR and Buju Banton, it could be easy for Daley to sink into the background, but his personality shines through, and the tracks he shares vocals on are some of the strongest on the record – 'Flawless' with Summer Walker, and 'Again' with Shantel May, really benefit from the female counterpoint.
Some of the best tracks are those sticking to the tried and tested slow jam template; Muse is a ballad worthy of the best in the business, 'Still Pray For You' takes in classic soul influences without sounding trite, and the Usher sampling Between Us nods its head to its influences whilst still sounding fresh. But while Nineteen85’s production keeps it understated throughout, the likes of 'No Cryin' and the slightly incongruous bounce anthem 'Keep It Going' see the band testing new, more club friendly, waters – not entirely unsuccessfully.
With their modest personas and its subtle production, it could be easy to disregard dvsn’s third record as more of the same, but repeat listens reveal a warm and unpretentious record, from an act confidently starting to evolve.
Words: David Weaver
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Join us on the ad-free creative social network Vero, as we get under the skin of global cultural happenings. Follow Clash Magazine as we skip merrily between clubs, concerts, interviews and photo shoots. Get backstage sneak peeks, exclusive content and access to Clash Live events and a true view into our world as the fun and games unfold.

domain: artistic


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Be sure to check out Marvel's Runaways, DC's Legends of Tomorrow and the new Fixer Upper!
The magician performs up-close magic and attempts large-scale challenges in public.
First Aired: September 2, 2009
A teleportation trick has Criss dropping an object 250 feet above the ground and catching it before it hits the ground, all accomplished in one continuous camera shot.
Show More »
Download the TV Guide app for iPhone, iPad and Android!

domain: entertainment


Girl's Fun And Cozy Pull-On Winter Tights - Size: Small - Pack of 6
A savvy shopper from TX snagged this deal before you could.
Search our site to find another great deal. But hurry! With our low prices, we sell out fast!
Please note: BLINQ sells products in multiple conditions (new, open box, refurbished, etc). Not all reviews are reflective of the condition that you may purchase.
- 98% polyester / 2% Spandex
- All Seasons
- Soft, stretchy material hugs the legs and keeps wearers warm
- Extra toe reinforcement
- Adds warmth without bulk
- Pull-on closure
- Materials: 98% polyester / 2% Spandex
- Care instructions: Machine wash cold, do not bleach. Do not iron. Do not tumble dry.
- Get ready for winter with these soft, stretchy pull-on tights that keep kids warm and looking adorable
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- Retailer needs to move overstock, open box & refurbished inventory.
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- Condition is determined, with only the best items passing inspection.
- Item is heavily discounted on BLINQ.com to sell quickly.


DPMS AR-15 5.56mm Lower Receiver - COMPLETE ASSEMBLY A2
The DPMS LR-05ASF semi-auto AR15 lower receiver is forged from aircraft aluminum alloy and tempered to T6 Condition. Hardcoat anodized per Mil-A-8625 and black Teflon coated. Complete assembly including an A2 buttstock.
Trijicon AccuPower 1-4X24 30mm W/BDC - Circle/Dot Crosshair W/Green LED


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The Exo Terra Forest Branch is a high-quality vivarium decoration made from natural branches of grapevine.
The wood is heat treated and sandblasted removing any splinters or diseases. Natural branches help create a challenging three-dimensional climbing environment in your reptile’s vivarium.
This wood is versatile and can be used in both a desert and rainforest environment to create a natural terrarium set-up.
Many reptile species, including Arboreal reptiles like chameleons, will love this branch.
The aged hardwood branches can also be used as decor for exotic pets including snakes and amphibians.
These branches recreate the natural habitats of your pet – whether it’s a tropical forest, jungle or desert.

domain: pet


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Watch the First Trailer for ‘Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck’
Just a couple of days ago, Kurt Cobain: Montage of Heck director Brett Morgen revealed that the upcoming documentary will feature a previously unheard, 12-minute, acoustic Kurt Cobain song. Now we get an even greater glimpse into the film with its first trailer. Watch it above.
As promised, Montage of Heck incorporates animation, exclusive interviews, rare photos and home videos, all from the late Nirvana frontman’s archives. When the film airs on HBO on May 4, we’ll also hear several previously unreleased Cobain songs and more. The trailer features a home video of Cobain and former wife Courtney Love in their bathroom, a scene that was particularly moving for Morgen.
“That’s an image of Kurt no one has ever seen before,” Morgen said in an interview. “I’m so thankful that exists because it gives us such a great window into what they were like when the camera isn’t around – because that’s not a camera from MTV that’s shooting them.”
While we’ll have to wait until May to see the documentary in its entirety, some critics and fans got an early look when the film aired at this year’s Sundance Film Festival earlier this year. The premiere brought together Love and her daughter with Cobain, Frances Bean (who is also executive producer on Montage of Heck), who were previously estranged.


The baseball season hasn’t started yet and there is already fuel to the fire for The Lone Star Series.
Rangers second baseman Rougned Odor was at-bat for Venezuela in the World Baseball Classic Pool D tie-breaker game earlier this week. Odor ripped a line drive that was inches away from a home run and he pimped it with a bat flip thinking it was a home run.
Astros third baseman Alex Bregman was watching and felt the need to chime in.
As you can guess since the picture above isn’t a linked tweet that Bregman quickly deleted the comment. But Bregman’s message is clearly directed at Odor’s bat flip.
I can see where Bregman coming from. I do. He has shown himself as an all-business kind of player on the field and he expects the same “respect of the game” from everyone.
But frankly, I’m kind of tired of anyone attempting to cut down the amount of fun displayed on the baseball diamond. The World Baseball Classic has been a refreshing change of excitement and passion from the Latin teams.
Either way, the first Astros-Rangers can’t come soon enough. Let the next chapter of the Lone Star Series begin.


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It is quite a ways from the center of town. It was very close to the Arts and Sciences Museums, Aquarium and a major park however and the bus service is good. The room was clean, although we had to ask for a change because they had placed us in
the first floor and we had no view at all. Internet was reasonable and staff were helpful. I do not recommend room service. They never did bring our breakfast, and the dinner was not very good for the price.
Hotel features (5 = best, 1 = worst):
It is on the number 19 busline, which is centrally located near the train station. You can easily take the bus anywhere from the hotel.

domain: travel


text: A great place to build your custom home or place a manufactured home on this gently sloping land. Great views across the neighbor's 203 acre ranch and to the mountains. There is lots of privacy on either of the two pads on the property. Lots of room for an orchard or vineyard with a high producing well to irrigate. Off the beaten path and on a paved road. Walk the land and find the property corners which have been marked.

domain: geography


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Incisal Edge Restoration and Repair
The cervical fracture surface lies in the composite region of an underlying Black III cavity. In the past, this completely intact filling probably would have also been removed because of the fracture. Today, it is possible to treat the problem as a repair and leave the neighboring composite restoration in place while maintaining strict adherence to minimally invasive procedure. Even with the help of magnifying glasses, complete removal of the filling probably would have led to enlargement of the defect since the filling had been in place for 10 years. We therefore opted to pretreat the target area near the composite by means of intraoral airborne particle abrasion (Micro-Etcher system using 27 µm Al2O3 powder) before applying phosphoric acid to the enamel and dentine for conventional conditioning. This was followed by the bonding procedure, comprising the application of dentine adhesive to enamel, dentine and the aged composite material. This technique has already been described in the recent literature (Frankenberger et al., Am J Dentistry, 2003). The reconstruction was performed using an enamel and dental mass of esthetic composite material with the help of a silicone key positioned palatinally. This makes it possible to achieve a biomimetic and natural restoration, including a halo effect. Last photograph: Next recall.

domain: medical


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16 March 2015, 14:57
Russian Central Muslim Board urges artists to be more delicate about believers' feelings
Moscow, March 16, Interfax - The Central Spiritual Muslim Board of Russia in connection with Tannhauser performed in Novosibirsk urges artists to abstain from experiments with religious symbols.
"We urge all cultural workers be careful about interpretation of classic works of art and not to sink down to distorting historical authenticity when describing life and actions of most honored personalities of the world religions," the muftiate says in its statement posted by the organization's website.
"We believe it inacceptable that someone's ambitions and falsely interpreted freedom of views make God's messengers an object of blasphemous insults and desecrations through satirical caricatures or extremely subjective and superficial interpretations," the Muslim Board stressed.
The authors regret that some representatives of home culture "wishing to gain media popularity use inacceptable artistic experiments under pretence of making world famous authors more contemporary."
"Radically altering spiritual foundations, which have imperishable meaning for many generations, so that they meet their creative vision, they violently trample on the feelings of the believers," the statement reads.
The Novosibirsk prosecutor's office earlier brought administrative charges of public desecration and damage of religious and church literature, holy relics, symbols and attributes against Kulyabin, who staged Wagner's Tannhauser in a present-day setting. An administrative case has also been started against Novosibirsk Opera House Director Boris Mezdrich.
Both cases were initiated by Metropolitan Tikhon of Novosibirsk and Berdsk, who claimed that church symbols had been profaned.
Kulyabin's adaptation of Tannhauser premiered in December 2014. In it, the minnesinger Tannhauser was portrayed as a film director who made The Venus Grotto film. The leading part was performed by Stieg Andersen, a soloist at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. The musical performance was directed by the Latvian conductor Ainars Rubikis.
- Russia's historical mission is to keep Europe from breaking away from the Christian tradition - Foreign Intelligence Service chief 22 October 2019, 11:54
- Liberalism not useful for Russians - Russian Orthodox Church's rep 18 October 2019, 18:55
- Ukraine's chief rabbi demands that perpetrators, organizers of anti-Semitic provocation in Kiev be brought to justice 18 October 2019, 15:56
- Russian parish in Miami goes over to Constantinople Patriarchate 18 October 2019, 15:28
- Patriarch Kirill compares abortion practice to pagan sacrifices 18 October 2019, 15:26
- Patriarch Kirill calls on Russians to support ROC on situation with division in global Orthodoxy 18 October 2019, 15:22
- Russian Orthodox Church will not bless pilgrimages to Greek dioceses supporting new church of Ukraine 17 October 2019, 18:26
- Synod authorizes Patriarch Kirill to stop mentioning head of Greek Orthodox Church if it associates itself with OCU 17 October 2019, 17:36
- Traditional moral values, democracy can coexist - Patriarch Kirill 14 October 2019, 20:22
- Patriarch Kirill could visit Korean Peninsula next June 14 October 2019, 20:09
- Holy Synod of Moscow Patriarchate to assess Church of Greece decision to recognize OCU this fall 13 October 2019, 20:45
- Greek Orthodox Church hierarchs recognize OCU autocephaly 13 October 2019, 20:44
- New Syrian constitution must guarantee interests of all ethnic, religious groups - Putin 13 October 2019, 20:36
- Alma-Ata police conduct searches at Jehovah's Witnesses office 13 October 2019, 20:35
- Kardashian was named Egine after baptizing in Armenia 11 October 2019, 10:47
- Three Russian Islamist women accused of killing prison guard in Pakistan 11 October 2019, 10:45
- Man hurt in shooting near monastery in southern Urals 11 October 2019, 10:33
- Today's methods for countering anti-Semitism insufficient - FJCR 11 October 2019, 10:32
- Daughter, son-in-law of Orenburg priest charged with child molestation left in custody 09 October 2019, 14:12
- Two Jehovah's Witnesses released from custody, placed under house arrest in Russia's Primorye 08 October 2019, 13:38
- Kardashian baptized children in Armenia 08 October 2019, 10:12
- Georgian patriarch hopes for German president to facilitate settlement of Transcaucasia's crises 08 October 2019, 10:07
- Patriarch Kirill congratulates Western Europe's 'Russian exarchate' on rejoining Russian Orthodox Church 08 October 2019, 10:03
- Russian Exarchate to keep financial independence, traditions within Russian Orthodox Church 08 October 2019, 10:00
- Russian Orthodox Church Synod includes in it former Constantinople 'Russian exarchate' (updated) 07 October 2019, 15:46
- FJCR announcing two new synagogues in Crimea 04 October 2019, 10:00
- The Maronite Patriarchate denies it has recognized the OCU 04 October 2019, 10:00
- Bashkir hunter shot the priest taking him for a bear 03 October 2019, 11:57
- Chasids leave Uman 02 October 2019, 20:15
- Russian religious donators give Syria school worth $300,000 30 September 2019, 15:57

domain: news


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***To read the full blog, please check out the complete post on NewsBusters***
The latest installment of NBC Nightly News’s “Justice for All” series (a series about criminal justice and reform), anchor Lester Holt complained about the case of Crystal Mason, who according to the Tarrant County, Texas district attorney, “knew she wasn't eligible to vote and voted anyway.” That’s right, NBC was upset someone was prosecuted for illegally casting a ballot.
Holt was using gracious language from the start, like when he spoke about how “she saw it as a civic duty, Crystal Mason recalling the 2016 election and the vote that would change her life.”
According to the story, Mason’s mother encouraged her to go vote but when she arrived her name was not included in the voter rolls, and was instructed to fill out a provisional ballot. “But that sealed provisional ballot sealed her fate, landing her behind bars for illegal voting,” Holt stated dramatically.

domain: politics


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Maintaining independence, quality of life, and health is crucial for elderly adults. One of the major threats to living independently is the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that progressively occurs with aging, known as sarcopenia. Several studies have identified protein (especially the essential amino acids) as a key nutrient for muscle health in elderly adults. Elderly adults are less responsive to the anabolic stimulus of low doses of amino acid intake compared to younger individuals. However, this lack of responsiveness in elderly adults can be overcome with higher levels of protein (or essential amino acid) consumption. The requirement for a larger dose of protein to generate responses in elderly adults similar to the responses in younger adults provides the support for a beneficial effect of increased protein in older populations. The purpose of this review is to present the current evidence related to dietary protein intake and muscle health in elderly adults.
The United States is experiencing considerable growth in its elderly adult population. By 2015, the population aged 65 and over is projected to reach nearly 84 million . Maintaining independence, quality of life, and health is crucial for elderly adults . One of the major threats to living independently is the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that progressively occurs with aging, known as sarcopenia [2,3]. A loss or reduction in skeletal muscle function often leads to increased morbidity and mortality either directly, or indirectly, via the development of secondary diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity [3,4]. The prevalence of obesity among elderly adults has also increased over the last several decades. For example, the prevalence of obesity among men aged 65–74 increased from 31.6% in 1999–2002 to 41.5% in 2007–2010. Between 2007 and 2010, approximately 35% of adults aged 65 and over were obese . One reason for the increase in obesity could be due to body composition shifts that occur as we age, resulting in a higher percentage of body fat and decreases in muscle mass with age . Both sarcopenia and obesity act synergistically, which increases the risk of negative health outcomes and earlier onset of disability .
Nutrition plays an essential role in the health and function of elderly adults . Inadequate nutrition can contribute to the development of both sarcopenia and obesity [3,8]. As life expectancy continues to rise, it is important to consider optimal nutritional recommendations that will improve health outcomes, quality of life, and physical independence in elderly adults . Several studies have identified protein as a key nutrient for elderly adults (reviewed in [3,8]). Protein intake greater than the recommended amounts may improve muscle health, prevent sarcopenia , and help maintain energy balance, weight management , and cardiovascular function [11,12,13]. Benefits of increased protein intake include improved muscle function and the prevention onset of chronic diseases, which can increase quality of life in healthy elderly adults . Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the current evidence related to dietary protein intake and muscle health in elderly adults.
Traditionally, protein recommendations have been based on studies that estimate the minimum protein intake necessary to maintain nitrogen balance [3,8]. However, the problem with relying on these results is that they do not measure any physiological endpoints relevant to healthy aging, such as muscle function. The current dietary recommendations for protein intake include the dietary reference intakes (DRI) for macronutrients, which include an estimated average requirement (EAR), a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and an acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) . In the case of daily protein intake, the EAR for dietary protein is 0.66 g/kg/day and the Food and Nutrition Board recommends an RDA of 0.8 g/kg/day for all adults over 18 years of age, including elderly adults over the age of 65. The RDA for protein was based on all available studies that estimate the minimum protein intake necessary to avoid a progressive loss of lean body mass as determined by nitrogen balance [3,8]. The Food and Nutrition Board recognizes a distinction between the RDA and the level of protein intake needed for optimal health. Therefore, the recommendation for the ADMR includes a range of optimal protein intakes in the context of a complete diet (10%–35% of daily energy intake come from protein ), which makes the ADMR more relevant to normal dietary intake than the RDA .
Experts in the field of protein and aging recommend a protein intake between 1.2 and 2.0 g/kg/day or higher for elderly adults [3,8,15]. The RDA of 0.8 g/kg/day is well below these recommendations and reflects a value at the lowest end of the AMDR. It is estimated that 38% of adult men and 41% of adult women have dietary protein intakes below the RDA [16,17].
Most published results, based on data from either epidemiological or short-term studies, indicate a potential beneficial effect of increasing protein intake in elderly adults. These data demonstrate that elderly adults, compared with younger adults, are less responsive to low doses of amino acid intake . However, this lack of responsiveness in healthy older adults can usually be overcome with higher levels of essential amino acid (EAA) consumption . This is also reflected in studies comparing varying levels of protein consumption , suggesting that the lack of muscle responsiveness to lower doses of protein intake in elderly adults can be overcome with a higher level of protein intake. The requirement for a larger dose of protein to generate responses in elderly adults similar to the responses in younger adults provides the support for a beneficial effect of increased protein in older populations .
The mechanism by which dietary protein affects muscle is through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis and/or suppression of protein breakdown by the absorbed amino acids consumed in the diet [20,21]. There appears to be an EAA threshold when it comes to stimulating muscle protein synthesis. Ingestion of relatively small amounts of EAA (2.5, 5 or 10 g) appears to increase myofibrillar protein synthesis in a dose-dependent manner . However, a larger dose of EAA (20–40 g) fail to elicit an additional effect on protein synthesis in young and older subjects. Similar results were observed after the ingestion of either 113 or 340 g of lean beef containing 10 or 30 g EAA, respectively . Despite a threefold increase in EAA content, there was no further increase in protein synthesis in either young or older subjects following consumption of 340 g versus 113 g of protein. There are fewer data regarding the response of protein breakdown to different levels of protein or amino acid intake. The balance between protein synthesis and breakdown is discussed in more detail below.
Essential amino acids, especially the branched-chain amino acid leucine, are potent stimulators of muscle protein synthesis. Studies have focused on the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis via the protein kinase mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) [24,25,26], but the in vivo significance of this mechanism as a regulator of the rate of protein synthesis in human subjects is not yet proven. Several studies demonstrate that maximal stimulation of muscle protein synthesis is possible with 15 g of EAA (reviewed in ). This translates to ~35 g of high quality protein per meal delivering ~15 g of EAA. A larger amount of lower quality protein, which contains a lower content of EAA, would be required to achieve the same functional benefits. The addition of nonessential amino acids to a supplement containing EAA does not result in additional stimulation of muscle protein synthesis , indicating that the quality of the protein, or its amino acid profile, is a key determinant of the functional potential of protein in muscle health. This is supported by several studies demonstrating that the ingestion of milk proteins, compared with the ingestion of soy protein stimulates muscle protein synthesis to a greater extent after resistance exercise, owing to the higher content of EAA in milk protein [28,29,30,31]. The data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study support these findings , showing that intake of animal protein (with greater content of EAA), but not plant protein, was significantly associated with the preservation of lean body mass over three years in older adults . In that study, individuals in the highest quintile of protein intake had 40% less loss in lean body mass than those in the lowest quintile of protein intake .
When considering protein intake, it is also important to consider total energy intake. Age is associated with a progressive decline in basal metabolic rate (BMR) at a rate of 1%–2% per decade after 20 years of age [32,33,34]. This reduction in BMR is closely associated with the loss in fat-free mass, including muscle, and the gain of less metabolically active fat  that occurs as we age . In fact, studies suggest that BMR adjusted for the change in fat-free mass is 5% lower in elderly adults compared to younger adults . This implies that aging adults require a lower daily energy intake. However, the extent to which BMR may increase or decrease with age depends on the balance between weight gain with age, tending to increase BMR, and aging, which decreases BMR .
Although older adults typically eat less than younger adults, including less protein [15,16], it is important for aging adults to consider total caloric intake when choosing a protein source to incorporate in the diet. The discrepancies in quality between animal and plant protein sources go beyond the amino acid profiles. When the energy content of the protein source is accounted for, the caloric intake needed to meet the EAA requirements from plant sources of protein is considerably higher than the caloric intake from animal sources of protein . This is important to consider since obesity, especially with aging, is a major public health concern. Obesity is the most predominant factor limiting mobility in the elderly .
There is abundant evidence that muscle plays a central role in the prevention of many chronic diseases, including diabetes and obesity . In addition, evidence that optimal health for elderly adults is dependent on maintaining muscle mass is emerging [3,8]. EAAs are the primary nutrients responsible for the maintenance of muscle mass and function, but elderly individuals have reduced anabolic sensitivity to amino acids (termed anabolic resistance). An increasing amount of evidence suggests that a minimum threshold of EAA needs to be reached to elicit an anabolic muscle response, and older individuals require a higher concentration of amino acids compared to younger individuals.
Optimal protein intake per meal can be defined as the minimal dose of protein intake that results in the maximal anabolic response and thus can help maintain or improve muscle mass (reflected as lean body mass) and function over time. It has been reported that the optimal dose of dietary protein consumption in a meal that results in a near maximal anabolic response is ~35 g/meal  or 0.40 g/kg/meal of high-quality protein in elderly adults , translatable to 1.2 g/kg/day or 96 g/day for an 80 kg elderly adults. The optimum amount for elderly adults (0.24 g/kg/meal) is approximately 70% greater than that for young adults (0.8 g/kg/day) , indicating an age-associated anabolic resistance to dietary protein. It is likely that elderly individuals need more protein intake to achieve a maximal anabolic response per meal considering the varying degrees of quality of protein eaten in the real world. In a typical American diet, the consumption of the majority of total daily protein intake skews toward dinner (~50% of total amount; ~40–60 g protein) [16,17,39] that clearly exceeds the “optimal” protein dose (i.e., ~35 g protein/meal) without extra stimulation of anabolic response. This led to an interesting hypothesis that spreading daily protein intake evenly throughout the day can result in a greater cumulative anabolic response than the skewed pattern of protein intake . If this is the case, elderly adults can gain benefits regarding improvement in muscle mass and strength, and related functions, simply by adopting even distribution pattern of equal amounts of protein intake . However, the rationale behind this hypothesis is largely incorrect, as the hypothesis was solely based on data on muscle protein synthesis (MPS), which is only one half of the equation determining net anabolic response (i.e., net anabolic response = protein synthesis minus protein breakdown).
The significance of simultaneous measurement of both protein synthesis and breakdown is dependent on a number of catabolic conditions (i.e., loss of muscle mass over time) such as type I diabetes, cancer cachexia, and burn injury, in which the rate of protein synthesis is typically not blunted but actually normal or often increased , due largely to the increased availability of amino acids secondary to an accelerated rate of protein breakdown. This issue is important when quantifying the net anabolic response to dietary protein intake. Furthermore, although net anabolic response at the muscle level is the most relevant physiological response, the whole body is potentially involved in the anabolic response to protein ingestion, as approximately half of the total body protein turnover occurs at non-muscle tissues, particularly gut tissue . Thus, determination at the muscle level could underestimate total anabolic response. For example, a large portion of the amino acids absorbed from a meal is retained in gut proteins that turn over rapidly [42,43], particularly following a mixed meal, due largely to a systemic insulin response . Those amino acids can, in turn, be released into the blood over time as a result of a protein breakdown and be used for incorporation into new proteins in muscle. This is of particular importance in situations where older adults consume a protein intake greater than the amount that stimulates a maximal MPS.
Consistent with this notion, our recent findings showed that similar MPS responses were achieved by two doses of protein intake (40 g vs. 70 g), while a greater net protein synthesis at whole-body level was achieved with a meal containing 70 g of protein due to the suppression of breakdown amplifying the anabolic effect of the stimulation of synthesis . Furthermore, we have directly tested the “distribution” hypothesis at two protein levels (0.8 g or 1.5 g protein/kg/day) in mixed meals and found no beneficial effects of an even distribution pattern of protein intake on net anabolic response at whole-body level and MPS . Instead, we found the higher protein intake (i.e., 1.5 g/kg/day) resulted in a greater anabolic response at whole-body level and MPS. Strikingly, the positive anabolic response achieved with both levels of protein intake was largely due to reductions in protein breakdown, indicating the importance of simultaneous determination of both protein synthesis and breakdown, as protein synthesis actually declined with 0.8 g protein/kg/day, regardless of the distribution patterns. Furthermore, the same study  showed that whole body anabolic response increased linearly with increasing amount of protein intake (dose range: ~6.4–91.7 g), without evidence of plateau in older adults . These results extended previous findings shown by the Deutz group [46,47], indicating that the amount of total protein, but not the pattern of protein intake, is of importance with respect to maximizing anabolic response. Importantly, the linear relationship between the amount of protein intake and anabolic response has been recognized for more than half a century, as determined by a nitrogen balance technique, although the anabolic response beyond RDA for protein (i.e., 0.8 g protein/kg/day) has been ignored . Therefore, data indicate that there is no practical limit to the anabolic response in increasing amount of dietary protein intake.
Taken together, the data do not support the notion that a maximal anabolic response is stimulated with ~35 g of high quality protein per meal  or 0.4 g/kg/meal (1.2 g/kg/day) for older adults . The “even distribution hypothesis” was based on this limit of anabolic response , but that hypothesis ignored many important factors in determining true net anabolic response. These factors include the quality of protein consumed, the contribution of protein breakdown to the net anabolic response, and the potential involvement of whole body response, all of which result in the considerable underestimation of the maximal anabolic response. It is therefore unreasonable to base recommendations for the optimal level of protein intake in elderly adults on the idea that the maximal effective dose of protein is ~35 g per meal. If the goal of the optimal level of protein intake is considered to be the amount needed to maximally stimulate protein anabolism (i.e., synthesis minus breakdown), then consumption of dietary protein in accord with the higher end of the AMDR (35% of total calories) is reasonable. Unfortunately, long-term studies assessing the effect of this level of dietary protein consumption on functional outcomes in elderly adults have not been performed.
Signaling through mTORC1 is involved in the regulation of several anabolic processes in the body including protein synthesis [26,49,50]. In skeletal muscle, amino acids signal through mTORC1 to initiate the process of protein synthesis [25,51,52,53]. The translation initiation factors 4E-BP1 (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1) and p70S6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase) are downstream targets of mTORC1 [51,52,53]. Signals provided by EAA, especially leucine, are required for full activation of this pathway [25,51,54]. Muscle becomes resistant to the normal stimulatory effects of postprandial leucine concentrations with increasing age , which may result in the reduced stimulation of the mTORC1 pathway and reduced activation of translation initiation and subsequent MPS. This could be due to a reduced sensitivity to leucine with age, to less efficient absorption of leucine from the gut, or to the fact that the dietary protein intake tends to decrease with age [8,55,56].
Age-related muscle loss may involve a decreased response to EAA due to decreased phosphorylation of mTORC1 and p70S6K . In response to 10 g of EAA, mTORC1 phosphorylation, or activation, while significantly increased in skeletal muscle of elderly adults, is still significantly lower in younger adults . Guillet et al.  found that p70S6K phosphorylation is not stimulated in older adults after infusion with leucine. These findings are supported by Fry et al.  who found that elderly adults, compared with young adults, have significantly reduced phosphorylation of mTORC1 and translation initiation factors after a bout of resistance exercise. Gene expression of proteins associated with muscle protein synthesis and satellite cell function also differ between young and elderly adults in response to exercise and supplementation with EAA . While no difference was found between young and elderly in the fasted state, there was a significant decrease in protein (REDD1, TSC1, TSC2, and IGF1 receptor) expression six hours post-exercise and EAA intervention in elderly adults versus young adults . In addition, after only seven days of bed rest, elderly adults had a reduced response to EAA ingestion resulting in no increase in MPS, activation of translation initiation factors (4E-BP1 and p70S6K), and no increase in amino acid transporters . Elderly adults also had decreased LAT1 (L-type amino acid transporter) and SNAT2 (sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2) following seven days of bed rest . These findings are further supported in a study by Tanner et al. , who found that, after five days of bed rest, elderly adults (but not younger adults) had reduced amino acid-induced anabolic sensitivity, resulting in decreased muscle protein synthesis. In this study, elderly adults had increased MURF1 gene expression at baseline and increased AMPKα phosphorylation after bed rest, which is suggestive of increased muscle protein breakdown . These data are important because they demonstrate how quickly an injury or hospital stay could decrease skeletal muscle function. While all of these data suggest a potential role of changes in sensitivity of mTORC1 and related factors in the anabolic response as well as anabolic resistance in elderly adults, it must also be acknowledged that the nature of the data is correlational and thus does not definitively prove a cause–effect relationship. To this end, it has recently been shown that consumption of a very small dose of EAA (3 g) can stimulate muscle protein anabolism equivalently to 20 g of whey protein in the absence of any time-coincident changes in initiation factor activity .
Elderly adults are less responsive to the anabolic stimulus of low doses of amino acid intake compared to younger adults . However, this lack of responsiveness in elderly adults can be overcome with higher levels of protein consumption . This is also reflected in studies comparing varying levels of protein intake . This suggests that the lack of muscle responsiveness to lower doses of protein in older adults can be overcome with a higher level of protein intake. The requirement for a larger dose of protein to generate responses in elderly adults similar to the responses in younger adults provides the support for a beneficial effect of increased protein in elderly populations . The consumption of dietary protein consistent with the upper end of the AMDRs (as much as 30%–35% of total caloric intake) may prove to be beneficial, although practical limitations may make this level of dietary protein intake difficult. The consumption of high-quality proteins that are easily digestible and contain a high proportion of EAAs lessens the urgency of consuming diets with an extremely high protein content.
The authors were supported by the Claude D. Pepper Center for Older Americans in Little Rock, AR. Baum and Kim were supported by a Pepper Center Pilot Study Award P30 AG028718. Wolfe has received honoraria for talks or consulting from the National Cattleman’s Beef Association, PepsiCo, and Pronutria. Wolfe has also received research grants for the Abbott Nutrition and National Cattleman’s Beef Association. Baum has received grants from the Egg Nutrition Center/American Egg Board.
The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:
|4E-BP1||eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1|
|AMDR||acceptable macronutrient distribution range|
|AMPK||AMP-activated protein kinase|
|BMR||basal metabolic rate|
|DRI||dietary reference intake|
|EAA||essential amino acids|
|EAR||estimated average requirement|
|LAT1||L-type amino acid transporter|
|MPS||muscle protein synthesis|
|mTORC1||mechanistic target of rapamycin|
|MURF1||muscle RING-finger protein-1|
|p70S6K||ribosomal protein S6 kinase|
|RDA||recommended dietary allowance|
|REDD1||regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1|
|SNAT2||sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2|
|TSC1||tuberous sclerosis 1|
|TSC2||tuberous sclerosis 2|
The authors wrote and reviewed the material together.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.

domain: biology


text:
Taylor Swift and Calvin Harris broke up, according to widespread reports.
It's a dark day for all. So let's remember that happier times, or, more specifically, the happiest time.
Taylor, Calvin riding on an inflatable swan in an infinity pool almost a year ago to the day of the breakup (eh, more like 11 months, but still):
What is happiness if not riding a $55 pool toy on a hot summer day while making goofy gestures into the distance?
The breakup is reportedly amicable. Let's just hope some good will come of it, preferably in the form of good music from both of them.


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text:
and those too that were near them, as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, brought food on asses, and on camels, and on mules, and on oxen; provisions of meal, fig-cakes and raisin-cakes, and wine and oil, and oxen and sheep, abundantly; for there was joy in Israel.
And Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two skin-bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched corn, and a hundred raisin-cakes, and two hundred fig-cakes, and laid them on asses.
And when David was a little past the summit, behold, Ziba, Mephibosheth's servant, met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and a hundred raisin-cakes, and a hundred cakes of summer fruits, and a flask of wine.
And as soon as David came to Mahanaim, Shobi the son of Nahash of Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and Machir the son of Ammiel of Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite of Rogelim,
And all the people came up after him, and the people piped with pipes, and rejoiced with great joy, so that the earth rent with the sound of them.
And all the people of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet; and they had slain Athaliah with the sword beside the king's house.
When it goeth well with the righteous, the city rejoiceth; and when the wicked perish, there is shouting.
When the righteous increase, the people rejoice; but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn.
Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, when I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, who shall reign as king, and act wisely, and shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land.
And as he drew near, already at the descent of the mount of Olives, all the multitude of the disciples began, rejoicing, to praise God with a loud voice for all the works of power which they had seen,
And a voice came out of the throne, saying, Praise our God, all ye his bondmen, and ye that fear him, small and great.

domain: library


text:
- Refrigerated Italian Cheese
- Half Wheel Rosemary and Olive Oil Asiago Cheese
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domain: food


Pahor condemns migrant family separation
Geneva, 20 June - President Borut Pahor condemned the US policy of separating families who seek asylum in the US as "unacceptable and inconceivable" in Geneva on Wednesday, where he is attending a meeting of the United Nations Human Rights Council. He said he would do everything in his power to stop the practice.
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The Samsung Galaxy Tab A7 of Wi-Fi variant was available in the market and other online platforms like Amazon. The tablet was launched in the country with both the Wi-Fi and the LTE variants. The Galaxy Tab A7 has features with many updates.
It has a 10.4-inch display and quad speakers for a great experience. This tablet has been powered by the octa-core processor and has a single-RAM with the storage configuration. The tablets have come in three adorable colors as the options. The Samsung Galaxy Tab A7 available on Amazon. and it was also good for playing heavy games like pubg , garena , cod
Price of the Samsung Tab A7
The price of this tablet was start from Rs. 17,999 for the sole of 3BG+32GB storage model. As we told you that this tablet was available in three color options: Grey, Silver and Gold. You can get this tablet from the listed platforms like Amazon and the Samsung.com.
buy it from here
Features of this tablet
The Samsung Galaxy Tab A7 was an Android 10-based UI 2.5. This tablet has paired with the 3GB of RAM, and powered by the octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon of 662 Soc. For the gallery option and for the photos and the videos.
This tablet has been a pack of the 8-megapixel rear camera.
This records a Full-HD video at 30fps, in the front of the tablet.
It was featured with a 5-megapixel snapper which was for the selfies and for the video calls.
The Galaxy Tab A7 includes dual-band Wi-Fi, Glonass, Bluetooth, a 3.5mm headphone jack, and the Beidou Galileo. This tablet has a battery backup of 7,040 mAh, and in measuring this tablet has 157.4×247.6×7.0mm.
And in weight, this was 476 grams. The Galaxy Tab A7 has includes the sensor on the onboard like the accelerometer.
The Geomagnetic sensor, hall sensor, the Gyro Sensor, and the Ambient light sensor make this tablet a worth.


text:
This week’s rug trend is all about beautiful, bold overdyed rugs. The washed, saturated hues of these rugs give an updated look from classic Persian styles. They add interest with a collected, global vibe. I loved using a black overdyed rug from Rugs Direct in the living room of my recent Cadiz Project. It set a unique, rich foundation for the room. Using this space as an example, I’ve outlined a few of my favorite tips for decorating with overdyed rugs.
Rugs Direct has beautiful selection of overdyed rugs to choose from. Below are a few of my favorites for you to shop. Don’t forget to take advantage of the exclusive 15% off discount they are offering for my readers. You can receive it here. Have a wonderful day!
- Revival Pink
- Journey – Indigo, Beige
- Santa Barbara – Royal Shimmer – Grey
- Journey – Black, Tan
- Revival Charcoal
- Journey Indigo, Blue


text:
(From left to right: Carol Alvarado, Martha Fierro, Ana Hernandez and Mia Mundy)
Four candidates have filed to run for the special election for State Senate District 6. The special election was called by Governor Greg Abbott to fill the vacancy created when State Senator Sylvia Garcia (D – Houston) resigned after winning election to Congress.
To run, a candidate must be at least 26 years of age, a Texas resident of 5 years, and have been a resident of the Senate District for 12 months. The application must also be accompanied by a filing fee of $1,250.
Reform Austin has previously reported on two current house members who have filed to succeed Garcia, Ana Hernandez (D-Houston) who represents House District 143, and Carol Alvarado (D-Houston) who represents House District 145.
On Friday November, 16th, two additional candidates filed. Martha Fierro, a Harris County Republican Precinct Chair (Pct. 72) and former nurse; and Democrat Mia Mundy, an executive search consultant.
For some residents of Senate District 6 this won’t be their first time voting in a special election for their Texas Senator. In 2012, the seat became vacant after the incumbent Mike Gallego died suddenly, triggering a special election in January 2013. A total of eight candidates filed to run including one Independent, two Republicans, four Democrats, and one candidate from the Green party.
In order to clinch the seat a candidate must receive at least 50% of the total votes, or there will be a runoff race between the two candidates who received the most votes.

domain: law


text:
To improve fossil fuel CO2 emissions estimates, high spatial and temporal resolution inventories are replacing coarse resolution, annual-mean estimates distributed by population density. Because altering the emissions changes a key boundary condition to inverse-estimated CO2 fluxes, it is essential to analyse the atmospheric impacts of redistributing anthropogenic emissions. Using a coupled ecosystem–atmosphere model, we compare 2004 atmospheric CO2 concentrations resulting from coarse and high-resolution inventories. Using fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventories with coarse spatial and temporal resolution creates spatially coherent biases in the atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The largest changes occur from using seasonally varying emissions: in heavily populated areas along the west coast and the eastern United States, the amplitude of the near-surface CO2 concentration seasonal cycle changed by >10 ppm, with higher concentrations in summer and lower concentrations in fall. Due to changes in the spatial distribution, spatially coherent annual mean concentration differences >6 ppm occur; and including the diurnal cycle causes changes >3 ppm. To avoid significant errors in CO2 source and sink estimates from atmospheric inversions, it is essential to include seasonality in fossil fuel emissions, as well as to utilize higher-resolution, process-based spatial distributions.
Approximately one-half of the CO2 emissions from human activities is accumulating in the Earth's atmosphere, whereas the remaining portion of emitted CO2 is absorbed by sink processes on land and in the ocean (Raupach et al., 2007). Inverse models can be used to quantitatively estimate the strengths and spatial distribution of carbon sources and sinks by combining simulations of atmospheric transport and atmospheric CO2 concentration data (Enting, 2002). Provided as a boundary condition to the inverse estimation process, accurate fossil fuel emissions are necessary to isolate the biospheric and oceanic fluxes.
Compared with other aspects of the carbon cycle, fossil fuel CO2 emissions have traditionally been considered well understood. Country-level CO2 emissions for the industrialized world have been quantified at annual and monthly time scales (Marland and Rotty, 1984, Blasing et al., 2005). To downscale to sub-national spatial scales, Andres et al. (1996, A96) allocated emissions to a 1°× 1° map using political units and population density. Although these estimates are adequate for forward and inverse modelling carbon cycle studies that use coarse spatial scales and annual mean temporal scales, attempts to estimate carbon sources and sinks at finer space (sub-state) and time (sub-month) scales confront several shortcomings: the fossil fuel component lacks seasonal and diurnal variation, has insufficient spatial resolution and uses population density as a spatial proxy, which is not always spatially coincident with fossil fuel combustion. A recent study by Gregg et al. (2009) illustrates that the spatial distribution of emissions is far different than a per capita distribution and that it is essential to include seasonal variations of emissions patterns in modelling studies. In a sensitivity study of atmospheric inversions by Gurney et al. (2005), the lack of seasonality in fossil fuel emissions produced biases of up to 50% of seasonal flux estimates at the height of the growing season in regions where fossil fuel emissions are large.
In an effort to overcome these limitations, Gurney et al. (2009) produced a U.S. process-driven, fuel-specific fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventory, quantified at scales finer than 10 km h−1 for the year 2002. Called the ‘Vulcan’ inventory (http://www.purdue.edu/eas/carbon/vulcan/), this data product includes detail on combustion technology and 48 fuel types through all sectors of the U.S. economy. The Vulcan inventory is built from decades of local/regional air pollution monitoring and complements these data with census, traffic and digital road datasets. The emissions data sets are processed and provided at both the native resolution (geocoded points, county, road, etc.) and on a regularized grid to facilitate atmospheric modelling and climate studies. The Vulcan inventory is being used in energy analysis, socioeconomic studies and forward and inverse atmospheric modelling studies as a replacement for the coarser, population-based fossil fuel estimates (Cragg and Kahn, 2009; Parshall et al., 2009; Schuh et al., 2009). Because the fossil fuel CO2 emissions are an important boundary condition to the atmospheric CO2 inversion process and thereby alter the inverse-estimated CO2 sources and sinks, it is important to understand the impacts of both the spatial distribution and the seasonality of fossil fuel emission on the atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This study investigates the impact of the Vulcan emissions on CO2 concentrations using a coupled ecosystem–atmosphere model, SiB3–RAMS.
This study uses the Simple Biosphere Model Version 3 (SiB3) coupled to the Brazilian version of the Colorado State Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) (Wang et al., 2007, Corbin et al., 2008). Two year-long SiB3–RAMS simulations over North America are performed for 2004. The simulations use 40 km horizontal grid increments and 46 vertical levels up to 24 km. To cover North America, the simulations have 150 × 90 gridcells. The meteorological fields are initialized and nudged to the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) meso-scale Eta-212 grid analysis with 40 km horizontal resolution (AWIPS 40-km; Rogers et al., 2000). The initial atmospheric CO2 field and the lateral boundary concentrations are set and nudged to 3-hourly 2004 global concentrations on a 1.25°× 1° grid from the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Parameterized Chemical Transport Model (PCTM) (Kawa et al., 2004; Parazoo et al., 2008).
To investigate the impact of spatial and temporal redistribution in fossil fuel emissions on atmospheric CO2 concentrations, this study utilizes two different inventories: A96 and Vulcan. A96 is a 1° annual distribution of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, and anthropogenic CO2 was emitted constantly in each grid cell at every time-step. The Vulcan inventory version 1.0 has 10 km horizontal resolution and hourly time-steps over the U.S. domain. Both of the annual fossil fuel CO2 emissions estimates are re-gridded from their native resolutions to the SiB3–RAMS 40 km grid. Because the simulation is performed for 2004 to utilize the global PCTM CO2 data set, both the Vulcan and A96 emissions are scaled to match the total estimated 2004 emissions from the Energy Information Administration (EIA, 2007). Neither inventory uses air traffic emissions, and all fluxes are added to the first model layer. The first simulation, FF95, uses A96 fossil fuel emissions estimates; and the second case, HRFF, uses the Vulcan inventory.
3.1. Spatial redistribution impacts
To isolate the impact of spatially redistributing fossil fuel emissions, we investigated differences in annual mean CO2 fluxes and atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Quantifying the fossil fuel emissions using the Vulcan process-based model rather than using population density redistributes the emissions in space (Fig. 1, top panel). In general, the emissions are reduced over large, spatially coherent areas in the Vulcan inventory. To compensate for this reduction, individual gridcells have much higher emissions due to ‘point sources’ such as power plants or manufacturing facilities. Regional patterns exist where the Vulcan emissions shift from city centres to suburban areas, particularly in the south and east. Differences also occur due to traffic patterns: higher emissions through the central United States correspond to major highways.
Utilization of the higher resolution, process-based emissions inventory versus the population-based approach creates spatially coherent anomalies in the CO2 concentration field, with differences up to 6 ppm (Fig. 1, bottom panel). The annual mean CO2 concentration differences reflect the different spatial emission patterns of the two inventories, but are more spatially coherent across large scales when compared to the differences in the surface emissions themselves. The most noticeable differences in the CO2 concentration field are associated with large point source emission differences. Centres of high concentrations occur in the central and southeastern United States over specific locations of power plants, whereas regions of lower concentrations occur over cities with high-population density but where the power generation does not occur within city limits. Significant changes occur over heavily populated areas in California: the northcentral region has higher concentrations in the HRFF simulation whereas the southern coastline has considerably lower concentrations. The lower concentrations over southern California are advected southward along the coast by strong wind currents, creating a large spatially coherent region over the Pacific ocean. Lower concentrations in the HRFF case also occur over the Pacific northwest, the southwest and the front range of the Rocky Mountains, whereas higher concentrations are seen over the northern-central and southern-central states. Differences due to the spatially coherent emission differences are minimal, due to the small magnitude of the widespread changes.
The alternating patterns of high and low CO2 creates significant concentration gradients. For example, a gradient of more than 6 ppm occurs in central Texas, where the emissions shift from the city to more remote areas. Several other dipoles of higher and lower concentrations exist throughout the eastern United States, primarily due to shifting of emissions away from population centres to isolated large point sources (e.g. power plants, refineries, large factories).
3.2. Temporal redistribution impacts
Fossil fuel emissions vary diurnally and seasonally, and including this temporal variability will impact the resulting atmospheric CO2 concentrations. On the diurnal time scale, densely populated areas experience maximum emissions during morning and evening rush hours due to heavy motor vehicle traffic. On the seasonal time scale, the United States average Vulcan emissions have maximum emissions in July and August and lower emissions during the spring and fall. The seasonal cycle differs from the long-term mean seasonal cycle reported in Blasing et al. (2005), which showed maximum emissions in January and a secondary maximum in the summer; however, Blasing et al. showed that the magnitude of the summer maximum substantially increased between the 1980s and the 1990s. It should be noted that seasonality in the residential and commercial sectors, which contributed 10% to the total emissions, was not included in the Vulcan release version used in this study.
The seasonal cycle in the Vulcan emissions varies regionally (Fig. 2). Consistent with the U.S. total seasonal cycle, the largest emissions occur during the summer (JJA) and the smallest emissions occur in the fall (SON). Regionally coherent increases (decreases) in fossil fuel emissions persist over the majority of the country during JJA (SON); however, the magnitude of these changes is generally less than 1 μmol m−2 s−1, except at localized cities or power plants with large seasonal cycles causing differences greater than 5 μmol m−2 s−1. In the winter (DJF) and spring (MAM), the regional seasonality is much weaker, as the differences between the annual mean emissions are generally less than 10% except at individual gridcells. During the first half of the year, the eastern and western halves of the country have opposite anomalies, with the eastern states having higher emissions and the western states generally having lower emissions in DJF (and vice versa for MAM). In general, individual anomalous gridcells (dominated by large point sources or cities) follow the large-scale seasonal cycle; however, the seasonal cycle at several of these locations does vary. For example, in California, individual grid cells with emissions lower and higher than the annual mean can be seen in the summer and fall, respectively. Both large-scale seasonality and individual gridcell seasonality will alter the atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Figure 3 shows the CO2 concentration difference at 30 m above the land surface between the HRFF and FF95 simulations. Spatially coherent differences can be seen in the eastern half of the country, where the concentrations from the HRFF case are higher than the FF95 concentrations in the summer and lower in the fall. The largest difference between the two cases occurs in August, when near-surface CO2 is more than 15 ppm higher in the HRFF case at individual gridcells. On average, differences spanning 3–6 ppm are seen over the entire eastern portion of the country. In the fall when the Vulcan emissions decrease, the CO2 concentrations in the HRFF case also decrease, and large-scale differences spanning 4–6 ppm occur in the southeast, with maximum differences in November.
In certain locations, the sign of the differences remains the same throughout the year due to the different spatial allocation of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the Vulcan versus A96 data products, but the magnitude of the differences are affected by the Vulcan seasonality. In southern California, lower concentrations persist year-round, but the magnitude of the difference varies from ∼6 ppm in the summer to greater than 15 ppm in the fall and winter. Similar features occur across the central states, with spatially coherent differences centred over cities (i.e. Denver, CO and Dallas, TX, USA). Between lower concentrations in the fall and higher concentrations in the summer, the amplitude of the seasonal difference between the HRFF and FF95 simulations exceeds 15 ppm at some locations (Fig. 4, top panel). The magnitudes of the seasonal amplitudes are spatially coherent, highlighting the regions that are significantly affected by the Vulcan seasonality. The seasonal CO2 amplitudes are greatest over densely populated regions and less dramatic over the central and western United States, where the fossil fuel emissions are smaller.
In addition to seasonal changes, the Vulcan emissions also have diurnal variability. Diurnal variations in emissions cause spatially coherent concentration anomalies over cities and highways; however, the magnitudes of the differences between the two simulations are small relative to the seasonal impacts, causing changes less than 3 ppm (Fig. 4b). Monthly maps of diurnal amplitude concentration differences indicate the seasonal variability in the diurnal cycle only causes small changes in the CO2 concentration anomalies. Although the diurnal variability does alter the atmospheric concentrations, the impact on regional scales appears to be much smaller than the impacts from seasonally varying emissions.
This study investigates the impact on simulated atmospheric CO2 concentration resulting from the use of Vulcan, a new high-resolution fossil fuel CO2 emissions inventory created for the United States. When compared to previously used, population-based inventories, the Vulcan emissions show significant spatial and temporal redistribution of the fossil fuel CO2 sources. When transported with an atmospheric transport model, these space and time emissions differences alter near-surface simulated CO2 concentrations on regional scales. The different spatial emissions pattern found in the Vulcan inventory creates patterns of alternating high and low CO2 concentration anomalies that persist over regional scales when compared to CO2 concentrations driven by the A96 emissions inventory. Including diurnal and seasonal variability in fossil fuel emissions impacts regional CO2 concentrations on these time scales. Although diurnal impacts appear to be relatively minor, the seasonally varying emissions alter regional concentrations by more than 15 ppm over densely populated regions on the eastern and western coasts. The seasonal impacts are greatest in summer and fall, when the CO2 concentrations in the HRFF case are generally higher and lower, respectively. The magnitude of the spatial and temporal differences indicates that including fossil fuel seasonality is essential in modelling studies, followed in importance by accurate spatial distribution rather than per capita estimates. Since the use of a high resolution, process driven approach to quantifying fossil fuel CO2 emissions creates spatially coherent regional-scale anomalies, using coarser spatial distributions with no temporal variability will create biases in the CO2 concentrations and thus may cause significant errors in source and sink estimates from atmospheric inversions.
The authors thank Daniel Mendoza and Chris Miller at Purdue University for processing the Vulcan emissions. The authors also thank Rachel Law at CSIRO for very helpful comments and suggestions to the paper. Support for the writing of this work has been granted as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. This research was funded by NASA under subcontract 521-0438-01 from Purdue University.

domain: literature


text:
deathCAVE – Smoking Mountain (Satanik Royalty)Monday, 5th October 2020
deathCAVE, a new band from Seattle whose arsenal is a healthy mix of sludge and doom, graced us with their debut offering Smoking Mountain and it sounds as gargantuan as the name implies. Produced by Ben Verellen of esteemed noise mongers Helms Alee, it’s a trippy ride into doomy psychedelia that warrants repeated listens.
“Death Cave” comes crashing out of the gate with classic chugga riffs that quickly elevate to the sound of guitars hitting your noggin like a brick wall. The first thing I noticed was the vocals, as Freiburger sounds almost exactly like Ben Verellen, which in itself is a good thing. Slow-burning “Last Breath” boasts of a gnarly bass tone not unlike Brian Cook’s of Russian Circles and a guitar solo of cosmic proportions. deathCAVE has done a commendable job of putting the spotlight on the destruction of nature and humanity’s eventual demise through the lyrics which go hand-in-hand with their apocalyptic tunes. Album highlight “The Seer” greatly delivers on the doom demolition and Andrea Vidal’s vocals instills that immaculate quality to the song, perfectly displaying the balance of beauty and brutality akin to the Smoking Mountain itself.
Black Breath’s Neil McAdams and Botch’s Dave Verellen each have guest spots (“The Road” and “Poison Wizard”, respectively) that further enhance the brutality and scope of dread of Smoking Mountain, and there really isn’t anything that detracts from the impact of deathCAVE’s debut record. If anything, the band is another sludge/doom powerhouse in the making to look forward to.


The American flag and California state flag have been folded and are being kept inside a Balboa Peninsula home after they were found lying in the sand near the pole where they and other flags have been flying for 70 years.
“I don’t know if they were cut down or if a strong wind blew them off,” said Kelly Brown, who over the years has taken care of the flags and replaced them when they became tattered.
The Balboa Peninsula resident is a bit suspicious, especially because the flags and their flagpole have been at the center of a city dispute in recent weeks.
On June 22, a Newport Beach code enforcement officer put a notice on the plumber pipe flagpole that sticks out of the sand along the oceanfront boardwalk requesting that the “personal property” (meaning the flags and pole) be removed by June 25, or the city would confiscate them.
City officials said the officer acted on a request from an anonymous person who first asked if the city owned the flagpole and flags and then complained of the private property encroachment onto public grounds.
Brown said she was shocked when she learned of the complaint after calling the phone number included with the city note. She said the flags and flagpole have been a staple there since 1952.
“It’s not like it’s offensive,” Brown said. “It’s the American flag and it’s historical. Every day there are at least 20 people taking their pictures in front of it.”
As a sign of support, one man purchased dozens of American flags on poles – the size most people would hang from their homes – and planted them from where the boardwalk ends at E Street up to 72nd Street.
“I saw them all the way up the peninsula,” Brown said.
Judd Shaw, Brown’s neighbor who recently attached two new flags Brown had purchased to replace those becoming tattered, was also dismayed by the city’s request for removal.
“It’s become almost iconic, how many people come by and take a photo of the flags at sunset with the lifeguards in the background,” he said. “What’s the encroachment? Where is the issue? It’s a flagpole and it’s never had a political message.”
Brown and Shaw both enlisted the help of City Council members. In the end, Brown threw credit to Councilman Noah Blum who, she said, helped intervene to give the flags a reprieve, especially for the approaching Fourth of July.
The flags were not taken down and city officials have since figured out the flagpole is on city property, city spokesman John Pope said. Other beach encroachments, he said, have come to the city’s attention such as plants and benches homeowners have added.
Had the flagpole been found to be on state land, the matter would have had to been taken up by the California Coastal Commission.
“The city’s direction is to work with the resident and see if she wants to get a permit,” Pope said. “That way, if it’s not maintained, the city has someone attached to the permit.”
Brown said Wednesday morning, July 14, she wasn’t sure what a permit would involve and she hadn’t yet heard from the city. And she said she was still mystified why someone would even think about complaining about the American flag in the first place.
“Two Marines and an Army guy were renting the house next door on the weekend the city put the notice up,” she said, adding her father and grandfather served in the military. “They said they would chain themselves to the pole to stop it from being removed.”
Shaw said he sees this dispute as an opportunity for the city to foster community and a sense of pride.
“Newport Beach has a great opportunity to step up,” he said. “Here stands a pole erected prior to the boardwalk. How many people have visited Newport Beach and taken photos there and then taken them back to their houses in Wyoming, Florida, and all along the East Coast and have that as a memory?”
Councilwoman Diane Dixon said she sees the permit as a great solution. “We’re thankful she’s taking care of the flag.”


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Who names these characters? Ugh.
FUN FACT: You can now find my comics and stickers at Grand Rapids Vault of Midnight!
Vault is one of the most magical comic book stores I’ve ever been to. It was an awesome day when they opened the location in GR.


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（中外新闻社 中外新闻网记者 刘登臣）5月8日，为纪念卫国战争胜利77周年，俄罗斯驻华大使馆在北京举行“不朽军团”游行活动。联合国国际合作协调局副局长、中外新闻社总裁韦燕，中外新闻社执行社长刘登臣等应邀出席俄罗斯庆祝伟大的卫国战争胜利77周年北京活动，见证百余名中俄各界人士齐聚一堂，共同追忆烽火岁月，致敬曾英勇作战共同抗击德国法西斯和日本军国主义，为解放苏联、欧洲和中国献出生命的革命先辈。
On May 8, the Russian Embassy in Beijing held the "Immortal Regiment" parade to commemorate the 77th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. Deputy Director of the United Nations International Collaboration and Coordination Agency, President of Home and Abroad News Press Mrs. Wei Yan, and Executive Director Mr. Liu Dengchen were invited to attend the event to celebrate the 77th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War victory in Russia. More than a hundred people from all walks of life from Russia and China participated the event and paid tribute to the revolutionary forefathers who fought bravely together against German fascism and Japanese militarism and gave their lives for the liberation of the Soviet Union, Europe and China.
In the square of the Russian Embassy, a number of descendants of heroic martyrs dressed in Soviet uniforms, holding the flag of the Soviet Red Army and photos of their relatives and friends who participated in the Great Patriotic War, marched in procession to the resounding Russian songs and said loudly "Ula (long live)" in Russian to remember the glory of the great victory achieved by the two peoples together.
The event started at 10:10 am, the Russian Ambassador to China, H.E. Mr. Andrey Denisov delivered a speech. He said: “We are here with you today is a testament to remember the unforgettable history, which is especially important in the 21st century and becomes more and more important every year. The memory of those who are alive today was given by our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers, and we should pass it on to the future generations and never forget this tradition.”
作为在中国胜利日庆祝活动的一部分，这将是 “不朽军团” 历史爱国主义的重要活动。我们在这里要缅怀致敬伟大卫国战争参战者，大家在活动中纪念历史，也纪念烈士为我们的和平生活做出的贡献。
In addition to the celebration of the Victory Day in China, this is an important component of historical patriotism of the "Immortal Legion". We are here to honor the memory of those who fought in the Great Patriotic War, where everyone commemorates history and the contribution of the martyrs to our peaceful life.
The Immortal Regiment is an international social movement held in Russia, CIS and other countries to commemorate the participants and victims of the Second World War. Russian Victory in the Patriotic War Day refers to Russia's commemoration of the Soviet Union's Victory in the Patriotic War Day, when fascist Germany officially signed its surrender in Karlshorst, a suburb of Berlin, in the late evening of May 8, 1945 (early morning of May 9 in Moscow time). The Soviet Union (Russia) designated May 9 as the Great Patriotic War Victory Day and has held annual commemorative events since then, with military parades being the main event on this Victory Day.
At the event, Russian students and artists performed wonderful programs. Our reporters saw that many people came to commemorate that historic moment. They wear a yellow and black striped "St. George Ribbon" on their chests and arms, which symbolizes bravery and victory. The World War II veterans were the main protagonists of the Victory Day, and they are the most respected people.
Every year on this day, people pay tribute to the memory of their compatriots who died in the Great Patriotic War in many ways. In many Russian cities, flowers are laid at the Great Patriotic War Memorial "Motherland" and the tombs of the unknown soldiers. Large numbers of soldiers, veterans of the Great Patriotic War and all people also gathered in city squares and parks to commemorate this great day.
To mark the 77th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, Russia will hold a Victory Day Military Parade on May 9th in Red Square in the Russian capital, Moscow. The Russian Defense Ministry said a total of 11,000 troops, 33 foot squads, 131 modern weapons and military technology equipment and 77 aircraft will participate in the parade, including the T-90M "Breakthrough" main battle tanks, T-14 "Amata" main battle tanks, "Kurganets " infantry fighting vehicles, "Iskander" missiles, "Tornado-G" multiple rocket launcher system. The parade marking the 77th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War will take place in 28 Russian cities.
President Wei Yan exchanged friendly words with the Russian Ambassador to China, H.E. Mr. Andrey Denisov. We presented the “Home and Abroad News” magazine on the cover of the meeting between the two heads of state at the 2022 Winter Olympics to deeply feel the solid foundation of traditional friendship between the two countries. As a "witness of China's reform and opening up", Ambassador Denisov not only witnessed the rapid development of China's economy and society, but also felt the positive impact of China on the world development. He said with deep emotion: “Russia expresses its deep gratitude to the Chinese people for their great contribution to the victory in the Great Patriotic War.”

domain: history


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Get familiar with the biggest sales in the South Sound.
Make Peppermint-Infused Goodies
Give Memories instead of Things — They Last Longer
Make a restaurant favorite at home.
"The Dude" will perform his music at Broadway Center Nov. 21.
Myths and truths
Places to Play on Gray South Sound Days
Meet Chris Britt — Political Cartoonist and Children’s Book Creator
Here's your chance to see behind the scenes at the zoo!
visit one of the South Sound’s many farms
Change Up Summer Looks This Fall
Tacoma Opera Pays Homage to Local Tribes
for Healthier Kids
Glass Patches Seed Passion for Local Art


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Emporio Armani is pleased to announce that its collaboration with Shawn Mendes will continue into the spring/summer 2019 season. Since 2017, the Canadian singer and songwriter has been the face of the Emporio Armani Connected touchscreen smartwatch line. In 2018, he also became the spokesmodel for the entire collection of Emporio Armani watches.
Shawn Mendes is therefore the star of the new Emporio Armani watches advertising campaign, shot in London by photographer Billy Kid. The images, in soft black-and-white, capture intense close-ups and document fragments of everyday life, conveying Mendes’s candour and spontaneity. In the photos, the singer wears timepieces from the Emporio Armani watch and Emporio Armani Connected smartwatch lines including the latest aluminium model.
On 7th March 2019, Shawn Mendes: the Tour set off around the world, with the singer promoting his third album, Shawn Mendes. Since his entrée into the international music scene with his first album, Handwritten, in 2015, Mendes has received numerous accolades and was nominated for two Grammy Awards at the 2019 ceremony, for Best Pop Vocal Album and Song of the Year (for “In My Blood”).


West Haven benefit in tune with needs of waterfront DJ
WEST HAVEN For six or seven years now, Mike Nuzzo has made people smile as one of the three waterfront disc jockeys who spin tunes on the deck at the end of Oak Street, along the popular boardwalk.
Sometimes he makes them laugh like when he sings along with the tunes he spins.
But he always leaves them feeling better than when they wandered over.
Now some of Nuzzos friends want to give some of that good feeling back.
For the past three years, Nuzzo, 78, has had failing kidneys. He undergoes dialysis three times a week. He is on a waiting list for a new kidney that could come through at anytime.
While Nuzzo, a World War II Navy veteran, expects his veterans benefits and Medicare will cover the cost of the surgery, his friends worry about Nuzzo and his wife, Michele, making ends meet.
So, having already sponsored a bench in Nuzzos name on the boardwalk, they have now organized a benefit ziti dinner, said co-organizer Tony Gervasio.
It will take place from 4 to 8 p.m. Sunday at the Off-Shore Restaurant, 852 Jones Hill Road. Tickets are $12 in advance and $15 at the door.
"Were trying to defray the cost that its going to cost him," said Gervasio, who met Nuzzo at the beach.
Nuzzo is one of the people in recent years who have taken over for the late "Captain Tony" Assunto, who originated the idea of spinning tunes for what originally were impromptu dances down at the shore.
"Hes got five children. Hes behind the eight ball," said Gervasio, who organized the dinner along with his friend, Marian Torniero. "Hes a nice fella. He deserves it."
Nuzzo, a retired supervisor at Harloc Products, handles the DJ chores on Mondays and Saturdays each summer and early fall. He said he appreciates what fellow West Haveners are doing for him.
"Ive got a lot of good friends," he said.
Nuzzo said he has been doing OK lately.
"It could be better but it could be worse, too," he said.
For more information, call Gervasio at 934-3165.
Mark Zaretsky can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org or 789-5722.


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A genetic defect
The new study revealed a genetic defect that causes juvenile arthritis in a young identical twin. Juvenile arthritis is the most common rheumatic disorder in children. Up to now, there was no clear cause for this. Scientists had been suspecting for a long time that various combinations of specific genetic and environmental factors make children susceptible to the disease.
Scientists examined the genetic code of each cell separately. "This enabled us to discover what went wrong in every cell type in the twins' blood. Thanks to the newest genetic techniques and immunological insights we could link the genetic defect to the disease's origin", according to dr. Stephanie Humblet-Baron (VIB-KU Leuven), one of the researchers involved in the study.
Mimic a human disease in mice
Experiments in mice confirmed the findings from the DNA test. Prof. Susan Schlenner (VIB-KU Leuven): "Thanks to new techniques it is relatively simple to quickly apply genetic modifications in the DNA of mice. This enables us to mimic the disease of individual patients in mice models. In this case it confirmed that the genetic defect effectively leads to a higher susceptibility to athritis."
From cause to treatment
According to immunologist prof. Adrian Liston (VIB-KU Leuven) these new insights are invaluable for the biomedical research. "Understanding the cause of the disease is the key to treating it." Liston's team works closely together with prof. dr. Carine Wouters, who, as a University Hospitals Leuven doctor, coordinated the clinical aspect of the research: "This study is an important milestone. The new mice model will be a tremendous help to examine the disease mechanism in more detail and to develop targeted therapies for this disorder."


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domain: economics


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I won! I have managed to stumble past the finish line for NaNoWriMo, despite my ups and downs throughout the month! I’m so pleased I was able to finish a project like this despite how bumpy the writing road has been this year. Thanks for following along with me!
Today I worked on a thing I started towards the end of the month, with no idea where it’s going but to establish a new character I’ve been working on.
Word Count: 2229
Final Word Count: 50078
Vantage, with the markings of blue upon his face and body, had been born to a prescribed duty. His mother hadn’t known it would show so obviously on his skin. She’d thought she could hide him away from those who would come for him, but even her clever spells had limits.
He’d lived his life on the run, always keeping a step ahead of those who would bring him back to their side. The desperation only grew the more the borders shifted and the various people of the timewilds fought for their own section of the land.
So many people thought that the Eighth King would solve their problems. The eighth king heartily disagreed.


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Color paint cans
Detergent bottles containers. Cleaning supplies
Fashionable green color living room with corner
Set of underwater coral scenes
Background template with mandala pattern design
Overlapping colorful paper sheets in colors of rainbow spectrum. With shadow effect. Happy abstract
Vector Color Cat Roses Illustration design art
Set of bright markers on a white background. Realistic vector illustration. Courageous colors markers.
Red air balloons on a concrete background
Classic bathroom for girls
Abstract background with Christmas lights
Nail polish of a different colors in stack spilled
Vector colorful, sparkling background.
Back to School Sale Design with Colorful Pencil, Brush, Chalkboard and Other Learning Items on
Beautiful girl with multi-colored hair and creative make-up and hairstyle. Beauty face.
fat obese man designer holding sample of color palette guide overweight guy with colors catalog
Kingfisher is sitting on a branch and waiting for his fish on of summer foliage. Kingfisher halcyon from a branch realistic illustration isolate.
Colorful cherries on a wooden table
Blue air balloons group on a concrete background
Set of watercolor bright beetles, bugs fly and bees. Isolated colorful cartoon buttle and bug. Insect set decoration
Beautiful girl with multi-colored hair and creative make up and hairstyle. Beauty face.
Festa Junina Illustration with Party Flags, Paper Lantern, Colorful Confetti and Typography Letter
Bunch balloons in clouds. Cartoon blue cloudy sky and colorful 3d glossy balloons vector
Set of bright markers on a white background. Courageous colors markers. Realistic vector illustration.
Around the World Color Card Vector Illustration
Colorful air balloons group on a concrete background
Cyan air balloons group on a light blue background
Vegetables with salad leaves.
Bouquet of hyacinths in a white basket, dark
Lovely rose flower
Abstract technology lines background design
Set of color wooden pencil collection on grey
Row from colored aerosol spray paints
Water splash in dark blue color with a drop of
Art concept. Back to school. Watercolors with white notebook and brush on blue background.
Yellow autumn trees. Colorful garden tree, autumnal garden bush and fall season tree leaves vector illustration set
Set of fruit juice splash. Watermelon, citron,
Colorful roses background Vector watercolor.

domain: design


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Star back could play in latest round of Super 15.
Injury-hit leaders Coastal Sharks will be without key players and opponents NSW Waratahs are missing Wallaby ace Israel Folau in this weekend’s feature Super 15 match.
The Durban-based Sharks, leading the competition by two points from Australia’s ACT Brumbies, have been dealt a blow with the loss for the season of lock Pieter-Steph du Toit, while fly-half Patrick Lambie (bicep) and scrum-half Cobus Reinach (fractured hand) are out for six weeks.
The Waratahs are fifth overall and have a good record in Durban, winning two of their last four games there, but they are without their eight-try fullback Folau, who has a bruised throat, for Saturday’s match.
The Northern Bulls will try to make it two defeats in a row for back-to-back champions Waikato Chiefs in Pretoria on Saturday.
Australian conference leaders the Brumbies have a derby against the Rebels in Melbourne and the Queensland Reds will look to bounce back from their unproductive trip to South Africa against the Western Stormers in Brisbane.
In Durban, the Sharks’ depth will be tested against the Waratahs as they look to bounce back from their first defeat of the season, 23-19 to the Bulls in Pretoria last weekend.
The Waratahs view Saturday’s match as an opportunity to prove they’re no one-man band with Folau missing.
Folau has made a sensational start to this season’s Super Rugby with eight tries in four games.
“It’s pretty obvious that Izzy adds a lot to our group in terms of his attacking ability and overall game,” Waratahs captain Dave Dennis said.
“But we’ve still got great depth and it creates an opportunity for someone else. We’re not too worried about having someone else stepping up.”
Bulls coach Frans Ludeke has made one change for the game against the Chiefs with winger Akona Ndungane, who missed last week’s win over the Sharks because of compassionate leave, back in place of Sampie Mastriet.
Skipper Victor Matfield said the Chiefs will be a stern test.
“They are well balanced with a lot of strike power at the back, but also have a solid and strong first phase in their play,” Matfield said.
“We will have to be very accurate and use our changes if we want to win,” he said.
The Chiefs had plenty to ponder on the journey to Johannesburg after they were upset 18-15 by the Western Force in Perth last weekend.
The Chiefs’ performance was littered with unforced errors, handling lapses and a high turnover rate, while their lineout also had its anxious moments.
Waikato have not won at Loftus Versfeld since 2001 and have lost in their last six visits, so this will be a tough place to bounce back.
Wallabies centre Christian Lealiifano will make his Super Rugby return from the Brumbies’ bench, while his centre partner Tevita Kuridrani is back in the starting lineup for the Rebels on Friday.
Lealiifano has spent the last five months in rehabilitation after ankle surgery, while Kuridrani missed last week’s win over the Stormers to attend a funeral in Fiji.
The Rebels have dumped former Wallaby scrum-half Luke Burgess to the bench among six changes with Nic Stirzaker coming in at number nine as coach Tony McGahan seeks fresh attacking impetus for his struggling side against the Australian conference leaders.
The Queensland Reds will be without their Wallaby flanker Liam Gill (hamstring) and fullback Aidan Toua (pectoral) for the home encounter with the Cape Town-based Sharks, who have made seven changes after their third Australasian tour defeat last week.
In the weekend’s remaining games, Canterbury Crusaders have home advanatage against the Wellington Hurricanes and in another New Zealand derby, the Blues host the Otago Highlanders in Auckland.
The Central Cheetahs, Golden Lions and Western Force have byes.