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SAN ANTONIO – A lower-dose, briefer radiotherapy regimen than is standard for early-stage breast cancer in the U.S. demonstrated comparable efficacy with fewer side effects at 10 years of follow-up in a pair of landmark U.K. studies.
"Long-term follow-up confirms that a lower total dose of radiation in fewer, slightly larger fractions delivered over a shorter treatment time is at least as safe and effective as standard 5-week schedules of curative radiotherapy in women with early breast cancer," Dr. John R. Yarnold declared in presenting the latest data from the U.K. START (Standardization of Breast Radiotherapy) trials at the annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium.
The historical standard of care for radiotherapy in patients with surgically excised early breast cancer is 50 Gy delivered in 25 fractions of 2.0 Gy each over the course of 5 weeks. That’s still standard practice in the United States.
In the United Kingdom, however, the standard nationwide is 40 Gy in 15 fractions of 2.67 Gy over 3 weeks. Radiologists term this "hypofractionation": delivering a lower total dose of radiation using fewer but larger fractions. Hypofractionation has standard practice in the United Kingdom since the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence–issued guidelines to that effect in 2009. Those guidelines were based in large part on the earlier, highly favorable 5-year outcomes of START A (Lancet Oncology 2008;9:331-41) and START B (Lancet 2008;371:1098-107).
The START investigators deemed it essential to conduct the new 10-year analysis because adverse effects of radiotherapy given for breast cancer can arise after the 5-year mark. Also, it was important to learn whether the early antitumor effects of hypofractionated radiotherapy persisted, explained Dr. Yarnold, professor of clinical oncology at the Institute of Cancer Research, London.
The two key findings at the 10-year mark of START are, first, that both breast cancer and the dose-limiting normal tissues respond similarly to fraction size, so there’s no advantage in continuing the 2 Gy fractions that have historically been the international standard; and, second, that a 15-fraction/3-week schedule is gentler on normal tissues and comparable in antitumor efficacy to a 25-fraction/5-week regimen.
The clinical implications are clear, Dr. Yarnold emphasized: "Patients can safely be treated to a lower total dose with fewer fractions than the historical standard of 50 Gy and 25 fractions. There are no detrimental effects of hypofractionation noted in any of the subgroups studied."
The 10-year rate of moderate to marked adverse treatment effects on normal tissues in START A survivors who received 39 Gy in 13 fractions over 5 weeks was 43.9% compared with 50.4% in those randomized to 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. The resultant 20% relative risk reduction with a lower total radiation dose delivered in fewer fractions was statistically significant. In contrast, the 10-year locoregional tumor relapse rates in the two groups were similarly low.
At 10 years in START B, patients who received 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks had a 37.9% rate of moderate-to-marked adverse effects on normal tissues, compared with a 45.3% rate in those who got 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks, for a highly significant 23% risk reduction. The relapse rate was 4.3% after 40 Gy and 5.5% after 50 Gy, a nonsignificant difference.
In both trials, all types of side effects involving normal tissues were significantly less common in the lower-total-dose, fewer-fraction groups. That includes brachial plexus injury, which has been a concern expressed by supporters of the historical standard regimen, Dr. Yarnold added.
Radiologists and surgeons in the audience called the 10-year START results "very, very important" and likely to be practice changing.
Canada has already switched from the historical standard to 42.5 Gy delivered in 16 fractions over the course of 22 days. Asked if he thinks U.S. radiologists, too, should change their practice in light of the START findings, Dr. Yarnold was diplomatic. "I foresee no scientific reasons why they should not consider that very carefully," he replied.
Follow-up will continue in the START trials, which are funded by the Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, the Medical Research Council, and the National Cancer Research Institute. Dr. Yarnold reported having no financial conflicts.

domain: medical


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HISTORY OF CHARLOTTTE
In 1811, Jedidiah Morse devoted four pages of his book Geography Made Easy to the twelve year-old State of Tennessee. At that time Tennessee was divided into five districts and twenty-seven counties. The population in 1800 was 105,602; however, by 1810 the census number had risen to 261,727 inhabitants. Knoxville served as the state capital with a population of 518; Nashville in the Mero District had 345 residents.
The earliest records indicating settlement in the Mero District, later Tennessee County, occurred in 1780s when early settlers acquired land grants from North Carolina Revolutionary War soldiers. In the 1790s large land speculators such as William Blount, Territorial Governor of the Lands South of the Ohio River; Thomas Blount (William’s brother); James Robertson, John Dickson, surveyor; Charles Stewart and Christopher Dickson were but a few to purchase huge tracts of frontier lands in what was to become Dickson County. Early settlers were drawn to the region by rich soil, abundant natural resources, and the discovery of brown iron ore.
As settlers began moving up onto the Western Highland Rim from the Cumberland Basin and beyond, they established farms and a small frontier settlement close to an all weatherspring on gently sloping hillside north of a small waterway known today as Town Creek. It was here a small community grew which was to become Charlotte, Tennessee. The old Chickasaw Trace passed by these abundant water sources, attracting man and beast alike long before the first white man came to the area. Research of early maps and deed records indicate Charlotte was the first frontier settlement on the Highland Rim that was not located on a major waterway.
In 1795, a territorial government was organized for this westernmost part of North Carolina. The following year Tennessee became a state. Tennessee County was abolished and the counties of Robertson and Montgomery were created. On September 1, 1803, two hundred and fifty seven residents in the southernmost parts of these counties petitioned the Tennessee General Assembly requesting a new county be formed, citing the hardships and distances they were required to travel to their respective courthouses. On November 3, 1803, the General Assembly acting upon this petition created the new County of Dickson named for William Dickson, a Nashville physician who also served in the Tennessee House of Representatives and in the United States Congress.
The first organizational meeting of the Dickson County Quarterly Court was held on March 19, 1804, at the “dwelling place” of Robert Nesbitt. Montgomery Bell, William Doak, William Russell, Sterling Brewer, Gabriel Allen, Lemuel Harvey, Jesse Craft, Richard C. Napier and William Teas were present at the first meeting of this body.
Between September 1804 and September 1806, the Quarterly Court meetings were adjourned to the log home of John Nesbitt on Big Barton’s Creek. By September 1806, the Court adjourned to meet at the house of John Spencer in the Town of Charlotte in December of that year. A new log courthouse was then under construction and scheduled to be completed in early 1807.
On August 4, 1804, an Act of the Tennessee General Assembly created the Town of Charlotte to serve as “Seat of Dickson County Government” naming Robert Dunning, Sterling Brewer, John Davidson, Montgomery Bell and George Clark as the first town commissioners. They were charged with the tasks of locating and purchasing forty acres for a town site, setting aside two acres in the center for a public square, and erecting a courthouse, prison and stocks. In early 1807 a tax was levied to “aid the building of the District Court house and prison.” It was not until December 12, 1808, however that the fifty acres of land on which Charlotte is located was finally deeded to the Town by Charles Stewart, a Nashville land speculator “…for and in consideration of the sum of five Thousand Silver Dollars to him in hand…” In January 1814, the County Commissioners authorized $2.00 to be paid to John Humphries “for drawing a plan of the Town of Charlotte.” The original town plan consisted of 59 lots and 11 streets around a public square.
The first post office opened in 1806 with the completion of a mail road from Nashville. Today Nashville sections of this early pike are referred to as Charlotte Avenue or Charlotte Pike. Charlotte rapidly developed into an enterprising trade center with the completion of the main stagecoach routes between Nashville, Clarksville and Memphis. Prior to the Civil War all roads westward led through Charlotte. The iron industry and agriculture were the main contributions in the development this thriving market town.
The political, social, religious and economic life of the county centered on this small community. The Quarterly Court and Circuit Court meetings provided the busiest times for local tradesman, innkeepers and merchants. The county commissioners dealt with numerous local issues such as granting permission to build toll roads, licenses for ordinaries, dams for streams to harness power for grist mills, saw mills and the growing number of iron works. The appointment of guardians for orphans, hearings on legal issues, setting the rates for ferries crossing major rivers and the levying of taxes also demanded the court’s attention. Contrary to local tradition there are no records in existence in the Hermitage Archives, Home of Andrew Jackson, or in the Tennessee State Library and Archives to support the claim that Andrew Jackson physically presided over the court of law and equity in Charlotte.
Agriculture was a major reason many chose to settle in the fertile hills and hollows of Dickson County. It has remained a major economic mainstay throughout the county’s 203-year history. Local agriculture was also critical to the development of the iron industry in the area. James Robertson is credited with the discovery of the rich brown iron ore veins in the present day community of Cumberland Furnace. In December 1792 he recorded his first deed for a 640-acre North Carolina land grant on the upper fork of Barton’s Creek. In 1793 he purchased two more adjoining land grants. By 1796 the first iron furnace and village was operating in Middle Tennessee. Robertson sold his Cumberland Iron Works to ironmaster Montgomery Bell in 1804. Bell expanded this iron works and established numerous others. William G. Harding made occasional trips to Charlotte to purchase iron from Bell for his blacksmith shop at Belle Meade Plantation.
In the 1820s Charlotte flourished and continued to do so during the 1830s and 1840s. During the early 1840s, John Eubank served in the Tennessee House of Representatives. The General Assembly, meeting in Murfreesboro was seeking to establish a permanent site for the state capitol. In October 1843 Eubank introduced a bill for consideration to locate the state capitol in Charlotte. Seventy-four members of the House were present when the vote was cast. Charlotte received 17 votes in favor of locating the state capitol in Dickson County but failed to win a majority.
The peace and prosperity of Charlotte in the early 19th century was significantly impacted by two events which altered the course of this community. On May 30, 1830, a tornado swept through this small town. The destruction in the community was devastating. On June 5th a special edition to the Nashville Republican and Gazette reported in an “Extract from a letter to the editor, dated Charlotte, Ten. June 1, 1830, ‘About half past ten o’clock last night, our village was visited with a Tornado, the violence and destructive effects by those who were witnesses to the awful and terrific scene. Our little town in now literally a heap of rubble…’” Many residents were injured, some seriously, but there was no loss of life when the above account was written. Most of the buildings were damaged or blown away including the courthouse, jail and post office. “The only building to escape injury was that occupied as a store by James Steel & Co,…”
Charlotte recovered from this disaster and continued to prosper until the outbreak of the
Civil War. In November 1863 two Federal regiments had moved into town utilizing the courthouse as their headquarters. The partially completed Cumberland Presbyterian Church became a field hospital. No major battles occurred here, but skirmishes and guerrilla warfare were common place. Town residences were confiscated to house Federal officers, troops camped around the Square and area farms were raided for supplies. By the end of the war, the antebellum era of prosperity had declined in this community.
The second event came with the advent of the expansion of the railroad at the end of the Civil War. The construction of the Nashville and Northwestern Railroad from Nashville to Kingston Springs was halted at the outbreak of the war. However, in 1864 while laying plans for a final drive against the Confederacy, the Union command determined that the rail line should be completed to Johnsonville so troops and supplies could be easily moved west to the Tennessee River. The post-Civil War communities of White Bluff, Burns and Dickson rapidly grew along the east to west railroad capturing businesses, new industry and economic development leaving the Town of Charlotte comparatively unchanged. County government, agriculture, timbering, tobacco, as well as beef and dairy production, have remained as the primary economic mainstays on the north end of the county over the past one hundred and forty years.
Today Charlotte retains much of its 19th century and 20th century charm. Over the last twenty-five years business and residences have been restored or maintained on three sides of the Public Square. The commercial and residential architectural styles and periods span approximately 175 years. During a normal work week “court days” still bring life and activity to the community. However, when the courthouse closes in the Afternoon, the town reflects the quiet, charming atmosphere of an earlier era. The Dickson County Courthouse in Charlotte remains the oldest courthouse “still in use” in Tennessee. In 1977 the Charlotte Courthouse Square Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places by the Tennessee Historical Commission.
Courtesy of the Heritage Book of Dickson County 1803-2006

domain: geography


Google's XL phone that in game-changer. bit is that phones it giving . is all things: that sweet and a camera that pushes the limit of what a phone camera do. The on the XL -- and its -- makes it phone out there. That alone is considering it. this camera the XL. With image behind that camera, the XL clicks photos with and of detail. one sharp shooter.
Samsung Galaxy S7
This is the sexiest phone of the year 2016. Period. With metal and glass body, and curves rounded edges, the Galaxy S7 a jewel. bit the phone, however, is that capable phone. Its camera , in low and its screen go wow watched high-quality FullHD content . The Galaxy S7, except its has an for improvement, is phone. Its hardware is smart and absolutely . Then, it even has like dual-SIM card support and waterproof body, missing in phones Google
Apple iPhone 7 Plus
The iPhone like iteration of last year's iPhone . deal and despite its flaws -- unwieldy, the have been higher -- the iPhone phone that delights users if with the iOS . The one reason why the iPhone is phone is its second camera. For anyone , the iPhone phone , even in , the brilliance of a 50mm lens. It clicks photos that personal, intimate and . suspect that in 2017 phones have the similar feature , the iPhone is winning the hearts of is into photography.
Huawei Honor 8
The Honor is poor man's Galaxy S7. This one from Huawei too stunner and if it wasn't for the , this phone too is those devices package. It's that in terms of its performance, screen and overall . And it packs } very capable camera with lenses. its image quality league of the or the iPhone , , even in conditions. , a pleasant of camera is its speed. those rare phone cameras that enough of clicking the of moving pets. Compared head-on with priced OnePlus or OnePlus 3T, loses. , with the OnePlus phones . If not for them, the leader this year.
Xiaomi Redmi 3S Prime
Xiaomi has remained from launching to phones market, ever since it entered . stuck to its 'one flagship phone year' strategy and plans to continue with it . The Mi do too well for it this year. The Redmi Note was . But, Xiaomi had one ace up its sleeve: the Redmi 3S Prime, is a doubt, its greatest hit for 2016.The phone comes with a 5-inch premium all-metal body with a rear-mounted fingerprint scanner. It feels . It pretty neat (720p) , dependable performance, cameras and a killer battery life. , it's super and Rs ,999. cheaper Redmi 3S. lesser RAM (2GB), lesser storage (16GB) and no fingerprint scanner. But then, it additionally prices Rs ,999. Not bad, .
Asus ZenFone 3
Asus ZenFone 3
As always, Asus launched ZenFones this year. past, this year's enGines were . The third-generation of ZenFones were all the premium , premium hardware and premium , Of ZenFones launched in 2016, the ZenFone .2-inch (ZE520KL) sense. The phone comes with a .2-inch FullHD Super IPS+ , a Qualcomm 625 processor with gigs of RAM the hood and a ,650mAh battery. At Rs 21,899 the ZenFone .2-inch (ZE520KL) offers a premium all glass and metal build, a neat , performance and battery life. , its main USP is its camera. The 16-megapixel camera the phone (assisted with f/2.0 aperture, auto-focus, 4-axis Optical Image Stabilisation d (real tone) flash) is an absolute steal at its .
Motorola Moto Z
The Moto Z smartphone, smartphone done right. Lenovo's modularity is from Google or LG it sticks to . undeniably premium Moto phone ever: all-metal phone with magnetic pins on the rear. The phone supports modules that Lenovo calls Moto Mods snap onto its back via these pins. Lenovo total modules for the Moto Z: one that turns the phone into a Pico projector, one that acts as , and one that adds JBL stereo speaker and zoom mod, by Hasselblad for up to X optical zoom on the Moto Z.
The HTC is, a doubt, phone that HTC has forever. of phone that HTC fans have and HTC fans have . The phone has all the bells and whistles of a high-end flagship, and it's safe that it delivers on front . premium build quality, with viewing angles, front-facing camera with , flagship-class performance and battery life. The star of the show, however, be the phone's bloat-free Sense UI and it's Hi-Res Audio . No phone comes even the HTC regard. If willing the HTC 10's hit and a miss rear camera the doubt, compelling reason why it, even at a (launch) as high as Rs ,990.
The Z11 new flagship killer in the . The Z11, with its no screen, smartphone straight out of . The OnePlus (and the OnePlus 3T) has become the gold to beat at around Rs ,000. the OnePlus commands a cool spec-sheet at a . The Z11 comes . If it for its wonky (and of charging-equivalent) the Z11 have outsmarted the OnePlus in sense of the word. The phone is exceptionally well-built than the OnePlus . , overall performance, top-notch camera capabilities (even in situations) and life keep you . At Rs 29,999 the Z11 has all the ingredients that a flagship, however, comes at . It kill the OnePlus . But, it a viable .


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The following map shows the distance from Al Ibrahimiyah to Al Anfushi.
For more detailed information about any of the places please click on the place name:
• Al Ibrahimiyah
• Al Anfushi
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Eleven Albany County legislators got $250 each in campaign donations from the Capital Region Chamber before the lawmakers scuttled a vote on paid sick leave legislation that's languished for over a year and that the chamber opposes, campaign records show.
A Times Union review of legislators’ campaign finance filings as the June 25 primary approaches revealed that the chamber, through its political action committee and the chamber itself, provided at least 11 donations totaling $2,750 between last July and October to legislators who chamber officials say support policies that align with the organization.
There are 39 legislators representing communities across the county.
This is the first time the chamber has provided campaign donations to local legislators, which underscores how detrimental the proposed legislation could be on economic development in the county, chamber President and CEO Mark Eagan said.
Campaign records show the chamber has contributed to elected officials on a larger level, like state Senate or Assembly, as well as state political committees, but this is the first time the group has donated to local officials.
“Ultimately, we want people in office that are supporting policies that we think are going to help the community be more competitive,” he said. “There have been other issues we haven’t been supportive of, but never an issue that would put Albany County at such a competitive disadvantage.”
Eagan said paid sick leave should be dealt with on a federal or state level.
The law would allow both full- and part-time workers to earn paid sick time -- at the rate of one hour for every 30 hours worked -- with limits on total time accrued dependent on the size of the employer.
Businesses with fewer than five employees and nonprofits with fewer than 200 workers under a single contract could provide unpaid sick days. Employees also couldn’t use accrued paid or unpaid sick time until the 90th calendar day following their start date, according to Local Law “C.”
Opponents include small businesses and nonprofits that fear the costs would be passed on to consumers or would require programs and services to be cut. Supporters argue the financial impact has been exaggerated and the measure would improve public health and worker conditions.
Legislators who got the donation said the $250 is nominal compared to donations from labor and trade unions to their colleagues in support of paid sick days, including its sponsor, Albany Democrat Douglas Bullock.
Bullock has received $1,700 from various labor groups – including the Albany Firefighters Union PAC and Plumbers & Steamfitters Local No. 7 – since Jan. 2016, records show. The legislator said he’s “proud of it” and noted that unions are supportive of the measure out of solidarity for other workers.
The bill isn’t just about unions, it’s about workers’ rights, Bullock said.
Larry Norden, deputy director of the democracy program at the Brennan Center for Justice at New York University Law School, said while the donations may be nominal when compared to larger contributions, it’s still another example of how donations can influence policy.
“It never looks good when you have a political contribution made just before a vote is scheduled to happen,” Norden said. “It’s $250, but I do think there’s no question that the ability to spread money around provides more influence and access.”
He said the biggest impact money can have on the political process is keeping things from being debated or voted upon. While elected officials may not be persuaded one way or another by the donation, Norden said it does create cynicism about the political system among constituents.
Elected officials argue the donations don’t affect their decisions.
“It has absolutely no influence,” said Guilderland Republican Mark Grimm, who received a $250 donation on Aug. 16, 2018. “I was against (government-mandated) paid sick leave before the contribution, and I was against it after.”
Citizen Action of New York has lobbied heavily in favor of the legislation, and questioned the impact these donations could have on officials' upcoming reelections.
- Local Law "C" would allow both full- and part-time workers to earn paid sick time at the rate of one hour for every 30 hours worked with limits on total time accrued dependent on the size of the employer.
- Businesses with fewer than five employees and nonprofits with fewer than 200 workers under a single contract could provide unpaid sick days.
- The law also allows victims of domestic violence to take sick time.
- Westchester County and New York City have similar laws already in effect.
"We expect our elected leaders to look out for the well being of their constituents," said Blue Carreker, campaign manager for Citizen Action. "Those who take money from business lobbyists in exchange for a negative vote are putting politics before people. I expect this information will have clear ramifications in the coming election."
Clarksville Democrat Victoria Plotsky, who is the Law Committee chairperson and received the chamber's donation on Aug. 18, 2018, said she’s heard from many people on both sides of the issue and has tried to work with proponents to come to a compromise, but has been unsuccessful
“I’ve really struggled with this because I know people are very much in favor of it. A lot of Democrats support it,” she said. “I like the idea, but I did not like the impact to nonprofits.”
Plotsky said she would have targeted large employers – like fast food restaurants – first and would allow all nonprofits to provide unpaid sick time.
Among the other legislators who received donations are Republicans Christopher Smith, Brian Hogan, Peter Crouse, Frank Mauriello and Patrice Lockart; Democrats Frank Commisso Sr., Rick Touchette and Joseph O'Brien; and former Democratic Legislator Ralph Signoracci.
It’s on the legislative Law Committee’s agenda again Thursday. Last year, Bullock pulled the proposed law from the committee agenda. It hasn’t had the votes to pass with opposition or uncertainty among legislators.
Bullock aims to move it out of committee and expressed dismay at what he described as employers “inflating and exaggerating” the costs associated with paid sick leave.
Earlier this year, the chamber argued the law would allow a perpetrator of domestic violence to get time off as a result of their abuse, so Bullock revised legislation again to clarify that perpetrators wouldn’t be eligible for the benefit.

domain: law


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Katonians and Katy, Texas visitors will be enjoying more great shopping, dining, and outdoor activities as a result of the coming expansion of the La Centerra shopping center.
Portions are set to be completed between December 2012 and the summer of 2014. Some of the venues scheduled to open are Grimaldi’s Pizzeria, Zoes Kitchen, Bonefish Grill, World of Beer, and Emmanuel Salon. Other projects include Central Green, an outdoor amphitheater, and 350 luxury residential mid-rise units.
To find out more about the growth of La Centerra and about leasing, visit their website.
City of Katy Animal Control Department
5456 Franz Road
Katy, Texas 77493
City Of Katy Animal Control
The City of Katy requires that cats and dogs in the city be registered with the Animal Control Department by the age of six months. You can find the registration form on the website above. A valid rabies vaccination certificate and two dollars must accompany the form. Dogs and cats may not run at large, except on fenced property belonging to the dog or cat owner. Any dog or cat more than six months old must wear a collar or harness that has attached to it a current tag showing that the animal has been vaccinated against rabies by a Texas licensed veterinarian as well as a tag showing that the animal has a current license issued by the City of Katy Animal Control Officer.
Each residential development also has its own rules and regulations with regard to pets. Check with your Association for requirements.

domain: pet


text:
Kulturkampf is a term in the history of Prussia and Germany, denoting a period of political and ideological clashes in the most general sense between German Protestantism and German Catholicism, and in a narrower sense between the rising German statehood represented by Otto von Bismarck and the perceived from it as hindering the national rise (in terms of secular education, civil marriages, etc.), subordinate to the Pope Catholic clergy. It all began in Berlin in 1870 with the annexation by Prussia of the other German states, which gave rise to the second (and later the third) German Reich. In 1872, the influential Jesuit order was banned. A number of other laws and administrative measures limit the influence of the Catholic Church in Germany. After a period of more or less intense struggle, in 1887 the new Pope Leo XIII declared the conflict over, which he said “harmed the church and did not benefit the state.”
This struggle also affected the French-speaking cantons of the Swiss Confederation. In the 19th century, the canton of Vaud and the city of Lausanne adopted discriminatory measures on religious grounds. Additional political decrees restrict certain civil rights of members of the Salvation Army. Today, this historical period is a black hole in the collective memory of even the Swiss themselves. This phase in Geneva’s collective memory is called the Kulturkampf (German: Kulturkampf – “cultural struggle”) or the struggle for civilization and secularism. This delicate and trivial technical term disguises the serious crimes of the State against religious communities.
In November 1871, under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), German nationalism intensified. His ideal of the Reich could not tolerate the religious authority of the pope. In fact, one third of the German people – German Catholics – are threatened with isolation, excluded from German nationalism. A multifaceted and relentless repression hit the churches for five years: priests were expelled from public schools; the constitution has been modified in its part concerning the freedoms of the Church; certain congregations were dissolved and their members expatriated. The Catholic Church has never been subjected to such all-encompassing attacks and blows. This European climate in political and spiritual aspect also warms the spirits in the Republic of Geneva.
The Lake State Council passed a law imposing a registration regime for religious congregations. The text of the law, which is still in force today, provides for the disbandment of those who oppose state regulation, as well as numerous fines for violators. In reality, however, the Geneva Council of State does not want a Roman Catholic episcopate in the city. And without much worry, on February 17th. A Swiss citizen was expelled, namely: Monsignor Mermillod, vicar bishop. In an equally authoritarian way, the political clique plans to reorganize the Catholic Church according to its views. By a large majority in the Grand Council on 19 February. In 1873 a restrictive law was passed. Catholic representatives make the mistake of abstaining, which, in effect, makes it easier to vote and pass the law without hindrance. Thus in the Geneva Republic – “Protestant Rome” began the nightmare known as the “Religious Question”.
The legislature provides for Catholic citizens to be able to elect only the curette until the episcopal deputy, the vicar, is approved by the council of state. On this basis, the existence of a Catholic diocese in the canton is prohibited. However, Roman Catholics refused to obey this secular dictate, which led to the nationalization of their church, called the National Catholic Church. This led to a government-ordered forcible takeover of the Catholic Church in Compessier on 20 January. 1875 and searches of the church of Shen-Burg on April 2, 1878 and others.
Meanwhile, during this era, the wind of freedom and democracy passed through Switzerland and throughout Europe. The federal constitution was adopted in 1874. The following year, the Geneva notables, Voltaire’s neighbors, did not even consider banning religious corporations in the canton and nationalizing their property. It will take twenty years for the situation to calm down and for the notion of tolerance to permeate souls. These grotesque measures did not only affect Catholics. Protestants also pay a high price.
The history of this explosive dossier culminated in 1906, when all state subventions, subsidies and contributions to religious organizations were discontinued.
Someone will say that this is an old story? This is not true at all! These are not historical incidents unrelated to the present. Today’s situation shows that the instincts for witch-hunting are not forgotten at all, but only asleep and ready to wake up at any moment for a new life. It is true that naming an avenue in the city of Geneva in memory of Cardinal Mermillod washes the face of the Geneva state from past crimes, but it is much more important to seek peaceful coexistence in a spirit of understanding and difference, of course, with respect for the law. .
In Geneva, the radical government of the state councilor Antoine Carteret (1870-1879) decided to implement the policy of the German chancellor, as applied by the radicals in the other Swiss cantons and in many other European countries. Let us recall the meaning of the word “radical”, as defined by Paul-Émile Littré at the end of the last century: “Who works for complete change, regardless of the political agenda in a democratic sense,” the word derives “root” and indicates the idea of radical change. As laudable as the idea is, radicalism opens the door to extremism insofar as a branch of the Geneva radicals, that of the liberal radicals, decides to erase all religious organizations perceived as enemies of the new democratic order, arguing the old radicalist argument that religion is “undemocratic ”.
Let us try to summarize and systematize the main events of the Geneva Kulturkampf, as told to us by historians (cf. “Histoire de Genève de 1798 à 1931”, published by the Historical and Archaeological Society of Geneva):
October 1870 Antoine Alfred Désiré Carteret, a radical liberal, becomes President of the Council of State of Geneva (the highest executive body in the republic).
June 18, 1871 Introduction of a bill, dictated by A. Carteret, prohibiting participation in the educational system of religious corporations or congregations.
October 1871 A. Carteret presents a bill on “religious corporations.”
October 23-25, 1871 Joseph Hornung, professor of law at the Geneva Academy (University), gave two lectures at the Grand Conseil (cf. Discours prononcés au Grand Conseil le 23 et le 25 octobre 1871 par Joseph Hornung, Genève, Imprimerie Soullier et Wirth, 1871), one in which he defended the principle that the State and the Church should be united and one in which he supported the new law on religions by denigrating the Roman Catholic monastic congregations, namely, accusing them of: conspiracy to cover Europe with a monastic network; the state must retain its power over the Church; Catholic congregations follow their own judiciary and refuse to obey the state one, and their members are subjected to violence; the withdrawal of the monastic communities from the world and their unquestioning obedience leads the latter to “social death”; the vows of poverty of their members are nothing more than an instrument for enriching the property of their members and their disinherited families.
February 3, 1872 The Grand Council (ie Parliament) passed the law on corporations by 51 votes to 32. This law is still in force in Geneva, reads, inter alia, the following: no group belonging to a religious order and living in a dormitory will be called a congregation; no group without the authorization of the Grand Council may be dissolved by the Council of State; no approval criteria are specified.
October 19, 1872 The Grand Council passes a law on education: education is secular. The state also oversees private schools.
February 17, 1873 The Vicar Bishop of Geneva, Msgr. Gaspard Mermillod is expelled from the Swiss Federal Council by Switzerland, if he is a Swiss citizen.
February 19, 1873 The law on the reorganization of the Catholic cult, inspired by A. Carteret, was voted by the Grand Council (77 votes in favor, 8 against and 2 abstentions). The state imposes elections for clergymen from the parishioners and recognition, approval of a bishop by the state authorities. Most Roman Catholics refuse to obey the law.
17 January 1874 The Apostolic Nuncio (Vatican Ambassador) is no longer recognized by the Swiss Federal Council and receives his passport and credentials back.
May 10, 1874 The National Catholic Church is established in Geneva. It is considered schismatic by Rome. Roman Catholics are boycotting the election, thus failing to reach the required quorum.
May 29, 1874 The new Swiss Constitution is adopted by the people of Switzerland. It contains several articles restricting the freedom of Catholics.
January 30, 1875 The quorum was abolished by law.
August 23, 1875 A decree was issued banning all religious corporations in the Canton of Geneva.
August 28, 1875 A law is passed banning any religious services in public places. This law has not been repealed to date.
May 24, June 3, 1876 The Grand Council (mostly made up of radical liberals) “purges” the magistrates so that, in the words of Antoine Carteret, “the tribunals can do what the people want.”
September 27, 1876 The property of religious corporations was incorporated into that of the state.
October 6, 1878 The people of Geneva refuse a reform of the Geneva Constitution proposed by A. Carteret, which provides for the strengthening of the powers of the State. In particular, the aim is to ban religious education.
November 10, 1878 A. Carteret suffered a serious loss in the elections to the Grand Council.
April 14, 1883 cardinal Mermillod, now Bishop of Lausanne and Geneva, has been recognized by the Swiss Federal Council.
1893-1900 Roman Catholics gradually regain most of their temples.
June 15, 1907 The Grand Council passed a law separating the Churches from the State (60 votes to 23), and the appropriation of temples ceased. The Act of February 19, 1873, was repealed.
June 30, 1907 The people of Geneva pass the law.
May 16, 1944 The Council of State decrees that only the Protestant National Church, the Roman Catholic Church, and the Christian Catholic Church (formerly the schismatic National Catholic Church) be recognized by the State (a status directly related to tax relief).
May 20, 1973 The people of Switzerland vote to repeal Articles 51 and 52 of the Swiss Federal Constitution, which until then had banned the Jesuits and the construction of new monasteries, with a total of 790,000 votes in favor and 650,000 against. 16 and a half cantons against 5 and a half.
Today, part of the legislation of the Kulturkampf era is still valid in Switzerland and Geneva and applies to minority religious communities that are not traditional for the confederation, namely:
1) Art. 50 (4) of the Swiss Federal Constitution, which states that an episcopate may not be established in Switzerland without the approval of the Confederation.
2) Art. 176 of the Geneva Constitution: a religious congregation or corporation may not be established in the canton without the permission of the Grand Council, and this authorization may be revoked.
3) The Law of February 3, 1872 on Religious Corporations (a magazine that the Council of State may dissolve unauthorized religious corporations).
4) The Act of August 28, 1878, which forbade religious services and religious dress in public places.
5) The regulation of May 16, 1944, defining only the Protestant National Church and the two Catholic churches as state-recognized.
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Canada Border Services Agency officials used documents found in a garbage bin to begin unravelling what they allege was a sprawling immigration fraud scheme led by a couple from White City, Sask., involving fraudulent job offers, hundreds of Chinese nationals and dozens of Saskatchewan business people.
CBC News has obtained a search warrant application that alleges a wide range of businesses — including a motel in Fort Qu’Appelle, an advertising agency in Estevan and an insurance company in Regina co-owned by the city’s former mayor, Doug Archer — were caught up in the scheme.
As part of its investigation, CBSA filed an information to obtain a search warrant (ITO) in March 2014. The agency sought and received authority from the court to access the banking records of Qi Wang and Yujuan Cui, who are accused in the case.
The ITO details peculiar bits of evidence for CBSA’s allegations, including an accidentally recorded conversation, a sheet of paper where someone was practising forging a signature, and an email in which the owner of a small computer company expresses surprise when he learns his company was offering jobs to 21 Chinese nationals.
In December 2015, the Crown filed a series of charges against Wang and Cui, accusing the married couple of receiving payments from Chinese nationals seeking permanent residency in Canada in exchange for securing them job-offer letters, often for positions that didn’t actually exist.
The Crown also alleges Wang and Cui offered money to legitimate business owners in Saskatchewan in exchange for fraudulent job offers. In some cases, authorities say, the couple simply forged job-offer documents without the business owner’s explicit consent.
In a fact summary filed in court, the Crown says CBSA investigators found more than 1,200 names of Chinese nationals in records seized from Wang and Cui’s home, with 641 of those names showing up in the federal or provincial immigration system.
Seventy-eight of those people had become permanent residents in Canada.
The Crown alleges the couple “illegally received approximately $600,000 from Chinese nationals” in exchange for job offers and “paid out approximately $95,000 to 17 different Saskatchewan business owners.”
CBSA says it’s the largest immigration case the agency has investigated in Saskatchewan since it took over responsibility for prosecuting criminal immigration offences from the RCMP in 2006.
In an email, Wang and Cui’s lawyer, Aaron Fox, said his clients are not guilty and will prove it at trial.
“They expect that all of the story will come out at that time and that they will be exonerated accordingly.”
Though charges were laid 3 ½ years ago, Wang and Cui, who now have an address in Roberts Creek, B.C., are still awaiting trial. A pretrial hearing is set for September.
None of the allegations have been proven in court.
From suspicion to dumpster diving
According to the ITO, the investigation began in April 2012, when a provincial immigration official saw Wang walk into the department’s Regina office carrying what the official believed was a stack of immigration applications.
It was particularly curious because Wang, who is also known as Chee, was in the midst of two-year suspension from participating in the Saskatchewan Immigrant Nominee Program (SINP). According to the Crown, he was suspended from September 2008 to September 2010, “as he had been offering jobs from Saskatchewan companies that were not in existence and offering positions from a company for which authorization had not been received.”
A SINP official did some digging around and discovered 19 active immigration applications that were suspicious, at least six of which appeared to be directly connected to Wang.
She sent the list to CBSA, where an investigator noticed something odd.
“All the businesses and employers/representatives exist, but the contact email addresses provided with the applications appear to belong to someone else,” the ITO says.
While the legitimate businesses appeared to have real websites and corporate email accounts, the immigration applications in their name were being submitted from Hotmail accounts.
The investigator decided this was worth a deeper dive. In May 2012, they emptied the garbage bin in front of Wang and Cui’s home in White City, east of Regina, and started sifting through it.
What they found helped them crack open what they say was a massive immigration fraud scheme.
Former mayor’s business involved
The ITO alleges that for more than a decade, Wang and Cui were actively recruiting Saskatchewan businesses willing to offer jobs to Chinese nationals.
As part of its evidence, CBSA pointed to Regina-based Knight Archer Insurance, which is owned by former Regina mayor Doug Archer and his wife, Gloria.
The ITO contains a database of 1,200 names of Chinese nationals. Beside many of those names is the name of a Saskatchewan business and a contact person.
Knight Archer Insurance and Gloria Archer’s name appear by the names of 16 Chinese nationals.
Doug Archer acknowledged in an interview with CBC that his company hired two to three “very good staff” using Wang’s services. But he said he’s not too familiar with the details.
“I wasn’t really very involved in that at all. That was Gloria that had some involvement,” he said.
During CBSA’s search of Wang and Cui’s home, they discovered a chequebook. It indicated that in 2012, Gloria Archer was the recipient of two payments: one for $3,000 and another for $7,000.
CBSA says this is evidence that Wang and Cui were “paying Saskatchewan business owners for providing fraudulent job offers to foreign nationals.”
The agency also says it has email correspondence between Qi Wang and Gloria Archer in which Archer wrote, “We were not clear on what happens with these referrals, do James and I get a fee for each referral?” To which Wang responded, “Yes.”
Doug Archer said he doesn’t know anything about those alleged payments. He also said his lawyer had advised him not to discuss it, as the matter is before the courts.
Gloria Archer hasn’t replied to CBC’s request for an interview.
She is one of about 20 business people who’ve been called as witnesses in the case.
‘I helped him to submit all information’
Dave Moscaliuk, the owner of Regina-based Impact Printers, has also been called to testify.
He confirmed with CBC that in 2012, Wang asked if he would be willing to offer jobs to Chinese nationals looking to immigrate to Canada.
He said it didn’t seem to matter to Wang whether there was an actual job available. He just wanted the job-offer letter.
“He wanted us to sign and agree that we’ll find a job, and if we don’t have one, he’ll find one for them,” Moscaliuk recalled. “So he was just trying to bring them into the country.”
The ITO indicates Impact made job offers to four Chinese nationals.
The documents say that on May 29, 2012, an official with SINP called Moscaliuk to ask some questions about one of those offers.
Moscaliuk told SINP that the email Wang had used for the immigration application wasn’t an official Impact Printers address, and that it was set up by Wang.
According to the ITO, Wang quickly did some damage control by emailing an explanation to SINP.
He said Moscaliuk is a friend and let him find some skilled workers for his business.
“I helped him to submit all information for him,” Wang’s email says.
He apologized for any inconvenience, explaining that he was just helping Moscaliuk.
Recorded conversation accidentally becomes evidence
Then some unexpected evidence dropped into CBSA’s lap after a conversation between Wang and Moscaliuk was accidentally recorded.
According to the ITO, on June 15, 2012, Moscaliuk left a phone message with SINP looking for the password to access his online SINP application.
“When Mr. Moscaliuk finished leaving his message, it seems that he tried to hang up his phone but was unsuccessful,” the ITO says.
The voice mail recorded a discussion between Moscaliuk and a man CBSA believes is Wang.
According to CBSA’s summary of the recording, the other man’s voice is inaudible at times, but it is still possible to understand much of the discussion.
What’s clear, the agency says, is that Moscaliuk “does not plan on actually employing the foreign nationals that he plans to offer jobs to.”
At one point in the conversation, the other man assures Moscaliuk: “They won’t ask you about it.”
“Isn’t that kinda being sneaky?” Moscaliuk replies, concluding himself that it is.
“So, can I be charged … if these people are coming over here and they get into the country and they didn’t have a job here and I am standing behind it?” Moscaliuk asks.
When reached by CBC News, Moscaliuk said he had no idea the conversation had been recorded.
He seemed taken aback after CBC read him a transcript.
“This kind of felt like an accusation call,” he said. “I think my mind’s racing … What the hell did I do wrong?”
Moscaliuk said he never hired anyone using Wang’s services. He said he ended his relationship with Wang after he discovered Wang had put his name on immigration paperwork from a competitor’s business.
Workers in the midst of a boom
According to CBSA’s account, Moscaliuk wasn’t the only business person Wang claimed to be helping.
In an interview, Mike Fritzler told CBC that Wang first reached out to him back in 2012, when Fritzler was the owner of Regina-based Fact Computer. The company has since been sold.
Fritzler said at that time, the province was in the midst of a jobs boom and it was tough to find workers.
He said he needed a few employees and Wang promised to handle everything.
“Well, that’s a businessman’s dream, right? Where you’re going, ‘OK, you’re going to find everybody. You’re going to handle all the paperwork. All I need to do is interview them and be sure they’re going to fit the job and hire them,'” Fritzler said. “That’s perfect.”
Only it wasn’t perfect.
According to the ITO, Fritzler’s relationship with Wang came to the attention of CBSA while investigators were digging through Wang’s trash.
They came across a job offer letter that was signed by “Mike Ferizker (sic)” and referred to the company as “Fact Coputers (sic).”
The investigators thought it peculiar that the head of a computer company couldn’t spell “computer,” not to mention “highly unusual that someone would misspell their own name.”
In an interview with CBC, Fritzler said he knew Wang was going to make some job offers on behalf of Fact Computers.
“I told him I only needed a few,” said Fritzler. When CBC asked how many people he needed specifically, Fritzler said “two or three.”
However, an email exchange between Wang and Fritzler, detailed in CBSA’s ITO, suggests the Regina businessman was open to offering nine jobs. But he got more than he bargained for.
“You put 21 positions on my file!!,” Fritzler wrote to Wang on Aug. 20, 2012. “You told me only 9!”
Wang replied: “21 positions. Make sure 21 all approved.”
CBC asked Fritzler why he originally said he needed just two or three workers when he seemed to have been expecting nine.
“We were growing very significantly at the time. So, could we have used all nine? Possibly. Could I have used two? Definitely. Could have used five? Maybe.”
According to the ITO, Fritzler told Wang he was put in an awkward position during a conversation with an immigration official.
“You have to tell me this stuff,” he told Wang. “I sounded like an idiot when she asked me about each position and how many people.”
Fritzler told Wang an immigration officer was digging into his files because Wang had forged and misspelled Fritzler’s signature.
Wang apologized, telling Fritzler, “I know you are super busy. So I just signed it for you.”
All of this led CBSA to conclude “there were no valid jobs for the SINP applicants that had job offers from Mike Fritzler.”
Fritzler said he really did want to hire a handful of people and he interviewed a couple of Chinese nationals referred by Wang.
However, in the end, nothing came of it, he said.
“I never was able to hire anybody and everything was messed up.”
Wang and Cui’s own companies offered jobs, too
CBSA’s ITO says there is also evidence that Wang and Cui put out more than 20 fraudulent job offers for companies they created.
Between 2004 and 2011, the couple set up at least eight companies, including two restaurants, two trading companies, an immigration firm, a general store and a construction company.
The agency says it has evidence that at least some of these businesses were fronts for their immigration scheme.
Not just in Regina
The alleged scam doesn’t just involve businesses in Regina. CBSA found evidence that Wang and Cui also targeted several small communities in southern Saskatchewan.
At its peak, Loretta Threinen’s Estevan-based business, KO Advertising, had just three employees.
She was stunned when CBC informed her that, according to the ITO, KO Advertising had offered eight jobs to Chinese nationals, including for customer service manager and sales manager.
“Holy crap,” she said. “Unbelievable.”
“I did not write those [job offer] letters,” Threinen said. She also pointed out that the address listed on the letter offering the sales manager’s position was not KO’s.
Bill Singh, who runs the Indian Head Motel Bar and Grill, says he and his wife have been the only full-time employees for years.
He said he was surprised when CBC told him CBSA found evidence his motel had issued six job-offer letters.
In Wang and Cui’s trash, CSBA investigators found a completed job offer for a Chinese national dated Feb. 17, 2012, to work at Singh’s motel.
Singh insists it’s fake and CBSA officials appear to back him up.
The ITO notes that the document has “Indian Head Bar & Grill” taped on the top of the page and a small piece of paper taped to the bottom with the signature “Bill Singh.”
CBSA also says it found a sheet containing a bunch of handwriting, including evidence that someone was “attempting to practise or replicate the signature of Bill Singh.”
Singh says he never signs with his English first name “Bill” but only with his Indian first name.
He hasn’t been called as a witness to the pending trial, but more than 40 others have, including 20 Saskatchewan business people. None of them has been charged in this matter.


CARDIFF: Australia opened its Rugby World Cup campaign with a comfortable 28-13 win over Fiji at Cardiff’s Millennium Stadium.
Man of the match David Pocock scored two early tries from rolling mauls before twinkle-toed prop Sekope Kepu grabbed Australia’s third in the second half.
The Wallabies led 18-3 at halftime but failed to secure a bonus point for scoring four tries.
That could prove costly in the ‘group of death,’ given England were able to nail maximum points in their opening match against Fiji.
Former NSW Waratahs fly half Ben Volavola scored Fiji’s only try by slicing through the defence of locks Rob Simmons and Kane Douglas, while Wallabies coach Michael Cheika has concerns over prop James Slipper, who left the field with suspected concussion following a nasty head clash in the second half.
Both Cheika and captain Stephen Moore batted away questions about missing out on the bonus point, with Cheika even claiming he had been unsure about their existence at the tournament.
“We haven’t thought about the bonus point,” Cheika said.
“It’s not Super Rugby, it’s the World Cup.”
Added Moore: “I thought Fiji were terrific — they’re a much-improved side.
“We’re happy with our boys’ efforts, but there’s plenty to work on for the next Test.”
Australia now prepare for what should be a one-sided walk-over against Uruguay, with Cheika signalling his intention to field an entirely different starting XV


Daniel F. Iuculano
Contact: Dan Iuculano
Phone: (904) 302-8911
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If you’re a fan of the hit series “Succession,” then Sarah Snook is no stranger to you. This Australian actress has been making waves in Hollywood with her impressive acting chops and striking presence on screen. But do you know everything there is to know about this rising star? In this blog post, we’ll dive deep into Sarah Snook’s biography, age, height, weight, and more! So sit back and get ready to learn all about one of the most talented actresses in the business today!
Introduction to Sarah Snook
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress who is best known for her role as Shiv Roy on the HBO drama series Succession. She has also appeared in films such as The Turning, Sleeping Beauty and Steve Jobs.
Born on 28 October 1987 in Adelaide, South Australia, Sarah Snook grew up in a creative household. Her mother was a writer and her father was a musician. She began acting at the age of eight, appearing in school plays and local theatre productions.
Snook attended the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 2008. After graduation, she appeared in several theatre productions before making her television debut on the Australian soap opera Home and Away in 2009. She has since appeared on television shows such as The Pacific, Offspring and Timeless.
In 2018, Sarah Snook made her Hollywood debut in the film Ready Player One. The following year, she starred alongside Ansel Elgort and Taron Egerton in the action-thriller film Baby Driver. She will next be seen in the upcoming horror film The Turning, based on the novella by Henry James.
|Real Name/Full Name||Sarah Ruth Snook|
|Nick Name/Celebrated Name:||Sarah Snook|
|Birth Place:||Adelaide, South Australia|
|Date Of Birth/Birthday:||December 1, 1987|
|Age/How Old:||35 years old|
|Height/How Tall:||In Centimetres – 165 cm
In Feet and Inches – 5’5”
|Weight:||In Kilograms – 58 kg
In Pounds – 128 lbs
|Parents Name:||Father – N/A
Mother – N/A
|School:||St. John’s Grammar School|
|College:||National Institute of Dramatic Art|
|Husband/Spouse Name:||Dave Lawson (m. 2021)|
|Net Worth:||$5 million|
Early Life and Education
Sarah Snook was born on October 1, 1987, in Adelaide, South Australia. She is the daughter of Andrew and Julie Snook. Sarah has two sisters; a older sister named Emily, who is also an actress, and a younger sister named Charlotte. Sarah attended St Peter’s Collegiate Girls’ School before studying drama at Flinders University Drama Centre in 2006.
After graduation, Sarah began her acting career with small roles in Australian television series such as All Saints (2008) and Bed of Roses (2010). She made her film debut in the 2010 horror flick Road Train and had a small role in the 2011 action movie The Innkeepers. In 2012, Sarah starred in the independent drama Not Suitable for Children opposite Ryan Kwanten. The film was a critical success and helped to launch Sarah’s career.
Sarah’s breakout role came in 2014 when she was cast as Shannon Ashworth in the HBO series Succession. The show was a critical and commercial hit, and Sarah’s performance earned her rave reviews. She has since gone on to star in films such as Steve Jobs (2015), Predestination (2015), Holding the Man (2015), and Jasper Jones (2017).
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress, best known for her role in the film “Predestination”. She has also appeared in the television series “Rectify” and “The Future”.
Born and raised in Adelaide, Sarah Snook began her career as a model before turning to acting. She made her film debut in the independent film “Not Suitable for Children” (2012), followed by a supporting role in the sci-fi thriller “Predestination” (2014). She has since appeared in a number of television series, including “Rectify” (2013-2016) and “The Future” (2017).
Sarah Snook is a talented actress with a bright future ahead of her. We can’t wait to see what she does next!
Net Worth and Earnings
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress best known for her starring role as Shiv Roy on the HBO series Succession. She has also appeared in such films as Steve Jobs, The Dressmaker and Predestination.
As of 2021, Sarah Snook’s net worth is estimated to be $2 million dollars. She has earned her wealth through her successful career in acting. Her salary for her work on Succession is reported to be $100,000 per episode. She has also been paid well for her work in film. For example, she earned $500,000 for her role in Steve Jobs.
|Net Worth (2023)||$5 Million|
|Monthly Income And Salary||$30,000 +|
|Yearly Income And Salary||$4,00,000 +|
Height, Weight, and Age
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress known for her roles in the films The Dressmaker and Steve Jobs. She has also appeared in the television series Offspring and Servant.
Snook was born on 1 October 1987 in Adelaide, South Australia. She is the daughter of Andrew Snook, a doctor, and his wife, Julie. She has two older sisters, Emily and Charlotte. Snook was educated at St Peter’s Girls’ School and later attended the University of Adelaide, where she studied economics and psychology.
After graduation, Snook worked as a financial analyst before pursuing a career in acting. She made her film debut in the 2009 film My Year Without Sex. In 2012, she appeared in the film Not Suitable for Children. The following year, she had a supporting role in The Dressmaker. In 2015, she starred in the biographical drama Steve Jobs.
Personal Life (Relationships, Marriage, Family)
Sarah Snook is in a committed relationship with actor Angus McLaren. The couple met while filming the television show Packed to the Rafters in 2008 and have been together ever since. They have two children together, a daughter born in 2014 and a son born in 2016. Snook has spoken openly about how her relationship with McLaren has helped her deal with anxiety and depression, saying that he is her “rock”.
The actress is very close to her family and often speaks about how much she values their support. She is particularly close to her older sister, who she says has always been her “sounding board” and biggest cheerleader. Snook has said that she would love to have more children someday, but for now is focused on her career and being the best mother she can be.
Awards and Achievements
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress who has achieved critical acclaim for her performances in a number of films and television series. She won the AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance in the film Predestination, and has also been nominated for several other awards including the AACTA Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Drama for her performance in The Slap.
Social Media Presence
Sarah Snook is an Australian actress who has appeared in a number of television shows and movies. She is best known for her role as Sloan Sabbith in the HBO series The Newsroom.
Snook was born on 1 October 1987 in Adelaide, South Australia. She attended Pembroke School and later studied acting at the Victorian College of the Arts in Melbourne.
Snook made her acting debut in 2009 with a small role in the Australian TV series Satisfaction. She has since appeared in a number of other Australian TV shows and movies, such as Indiana (2010), Bait 3D (2012), These Final Hours (2013) and Predestination (2014).
In 2012, Snook moved to the United States to pursue her acting career. She landed her first major role in the HBO series The Newsroom, where she played the role of Sloan Sabbith, a financial analyst at the fictional news network ACN. The show ran for three seasons from 2012 to 2014.
Since The Newsroom ended, Snook has appeared in a number of Hollywood movies, such as Steve Jobs (2015), Holding the Man (2015), Jessabelle (2014) and Sleeping Beauty (2011).
You can follow Sarah Snook on social media:
Sarah Snook is a talented actress, who has made her mark in the entertainment industry. She is an inspiration to many and continues to prove that she can tackle roles of any genre with ease and grace. We hope this article provided you with a greater understanding of her life, career, and accomplishments that have enabled her to become one of Hollywood’s most sought-after actresses. With each new role, we look forward to seeing what amazing things Sarah Snook will do next!

domain: celebrity


Modern apartment in center of Lodz, located next to the popular main street - Piotrkowska. Close to the bus/tram stations, museums, parks and shopping centers.
Lots of restaurants, shops in close area. Museum, shopping centers and important landmarks are nearby.
Next to the building there are public transport stations like public bike, tram and bus. Paid parking space available on the street


In this webinar, automotive simulation expert Brian Harrington explains why simulation tools like SIMUL8 are used throughout the entire life cycle of assembly facilities; from designing processes, to operational decisions and continuously improving performance.
Brian Harrington is a Six Sigma Black Belt with 20 years operations research and simulation experience at Ford Motor Company. He designs and implements manufacturing process improvements which incorporate many conflicting objectives such as robust, flexible, and lean systems.
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San Francisco News
Parents accused of killing man who pimped their daughter
SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- The parents of a teenage girl remain in jail after San Francisco police say they shot and killed a man who was pimping their daughter.
Prosecutors accuse Barry Gilton and Lupe Mercado of hunting down 22-year-old Calvin Sneed. Sneed died after being shot to death near Candlestick Park on June 4.
Police say Sneed was a known gang member and had been wounded in a drive-by shooting last year.
San Francisco District Attorney George Gascon claims his office has strong evidence that Gilton and Mercado killed Sneed.
shooting, candlestick park, george gascon, san francisco news
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Most Viewed StoriesMost Viewed Photos

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Get the free Short List Podcast sent directly to your computer featuring the night's live music recommendations, audio clips, show details, and priceless banter that's worth EVERY PENNY! Yes, you can subscribe via iTunes!
Gram Rabbit, Lotus
Tractor Tavern, $12, 9 p.m.
Back when I was a lowly Eugene Weekly intern, my editor gave me our press copy of Gram Rabbit’s 2004 debut record, Music to Start a Cult To. Since then, I’ve relegated a lot of albums to my external hard drive to make space for new music on my ancient, mp3-clogged iBook, but Music makes the cut every time. With its eclectic combination of dance party electro, countrified rock and roll songs and sultry, Goth-esque vocals courtesy of Jesika von Rabbit, there’s nothing predictable about it. And subsequent albums, particularly Gram Rabbit's third and latest effort, RadioAngel & the RobotBeat, continue to defy the notion that a band should pick a sound and stick with it. Why should they? They’re from Joshua Tree, California, which is (sorta) close to L.A. and the desert; why shouldn't they cram cowgirl ballads, disco songs, metal songs and a few sexy slow jams onto the same record? Sure, the band’s lofty aspirations mean that sometimes, a song fails due to cheesy lyrics or an uninspired melody, but so what? Mostly, their music is awesome—particularly the cowboy stuff and the disco party jams— and in this case, the something-for-everyone approach works spectacularly well.

domain: artistic


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The No. 2 UNC women’s tennis team finished off its successful first weekend of the indoor season with a pair of wins against East Carolina University and Campbell University. The doubleheader took place at the Cone-Kenfield Tennis Center.
UNC is now starting off spring play with a 4-0 record on the season, securing Brian Kalbas’ 500th win as UNC’s head coach.
The doubleheader meant the team spent over eight hours in the Cone-Kenfield Tennis Center after playing matchups on Friday and Saturday versus Elon and Appalachian State Universities. However, the Tar Heels kept momentum to secure 7-0 wins against both of their opponents on Monday.
“Coming off the pair of Friday, Saturday matches I was definitely very sore yesterday, definitely took a light hit,” senior Elizabeth Scotty said. “I think just preparing and taking it each match at a time, not getting in your head when it gets closer to the end is super important especially during these long days.”
The first match saw UNC first-year Reese Brantmeier and graduate student Abbey Forbes defeat ECU’s Ines Bachir and Alisha Hussain, 6-1. Junior Reilly Tran, along with Scotty, followed with a swift 6-0 win, defeating Martina Muzzolon and Isabella Rivera Ortiz to secure the doubles point. UNC swept in the singles matchups, with all of the players garnering decisive two-set victories and boxing out ECU for the 7-0 win.
Kalbas was not the only one with a big milestone; Brantmeier secured her first wins as a Tar Heel. She defeated Bachir in 6-1, 6-3 singles wins and then secured back-to-back 6-0 set points versus Campbell’s Lena Karlovcan in match two — in addition to her doubles wins with Forbes.
“Obviously, Reese getting her first wins at UNC, she did great,” Kalbas said. “We just started practice about a week ago, so a lot of that off-season preparation is there. You can see us get better every match, and it’s great to get the team playing in matches again.”
No. 1 singles player Fiona Crawley, senior Sophia Patel and junior Sara McClure all played in both singles sets and secured decisive wins in both matchups.
“Spring is just a different animal, it’s such a different feeling playing six in a line, you know,” Crawley said. “I think that just getting more match-tough is the best thing for our team, and Coach knows that.”
UNC similarly dominated in match two against Campbell, with the Brantmeier-Forbes duo securing another 6-0 doubles victory following a 6-1 victory by Patel and sophomore Lindsay Zink to secure the doubles point and set up another singles sweep. No. 8 ranked Carson Tanguilig posted 6-1, 6-0 victories versus Mariana Ossa — followed by a set of 6-0 wins from Tran and Brantmeier — clinching the match for the Tar Heels.
After a five-match series at home to open the season, the Tar Heels women’s tennis team is nothing if not living up to their name. Currently on a 58-game home winning streak and boasting six ranked singles players on their roster, the team moves into the 2023 season feeling strong in their abilities and their communication as a team and with their coach.
“We tell (Kalbas) what we want to do, who’s healthy, who’s feeling good, how we’re feeling, and what we feel like we need to prioritize, and he takes that into account,” Crawley said. “We all have really good communication, just so flawlessly coming back together to start off this season.”
UNC will play their fifth home match, versus N.C. Central University on Wednesday, Jan. 18, before heading to Auburn, Alabama to compete against Auburn University and University of Wisconsin on Jan. 21 and 22.
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AuthorSheridan, Michael Dale
MetadataShow full item record
PublisherThe University of Arizona.
RightsCopyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author.
AbstractCampaign finance laws in the United States have changed dramatically over the last thirty years. These changes are largely due to laws passed by Congress and decisions from the Supreme Court. Two major laws that determined the course of the laws were the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, and the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002. These laws outline how campaigns were required to run. In addition to laws passed by Congress, decisions from the Supreme Court have dramatically changed the scope of electioneering. Buckley v Valeo, decided in 1976, and Citizens United v FEC, decided in 2010, both brought major changes to elections, ranging from disclosure requirements to the creation of SuperPACs. These decisions, paired with the laws passed by Congress set the stage for a campaigning system that many see as in dire need of reform.
Degree ProgramHonors College


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Thursday, January 14, 2010
You Go Google!
I applaud Google for taking a stand against censorship and intellectual property rights in China in light of the recent security breach at Google and 34 other Silicon Valley companies. Censorship by the Chinese government and a cyberattack on the g-mail accounts of human rights activists pushed Google to act. Personally, as an American citizen, I never really thought much about censorship and security on-line when I logged into Google. I had no idea that the Chinese government had placed restrictions on content that could be pulled up on Google’s search engines at its Chinese mainland site: Google.cn. Now I’m not so naive.
However, that has all changed now as—at the time of this writing—Google is operating freely and without any restriction on content in China. Within minutes of the information firewall imposed by the Chinese government going down, citizens of China were able to download previously hidden information and images on Tibet and the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre. How long will this freedom of information last in China? Not long I predict.
In addition to stopping censorship on its search engines, Google is considering pulling out of China completely. Will Google, and other American companies with Chinese interests, continue to sit back and let Communist China dictate restrictions on how an American company should operate? Doesn’t America stand for Freedom? That should apply to Internet freedom as well.
I am hoping that change is possible and the lure of revenue will not draw Google back in. Censorship and cyberattacks are just plain wrong. Unfortunately, the Chinese citizens are the losers in this game. If Google stays the course and leaves China, the current free and open Google search engines vanish. If Google backs down and continues to censor information, the Chinese government will gain yet another victory and place further restrictions and limits on Internet searches in mainland China.
Google is blazing a path here. Western companies operating in China have long bent their own morals and rules to accommodate those of Communist China. Google stood up and said “NO!”
There are some who will say it’s okay to change the operating rules for the Chinese government, and we should just work out some sort of a deal with China. This has undoubtably been going on for a long time already. But is it really possible to negotiate with an unyielding Communist government? Just ask those who witnessed, died in, or survived the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, which the Chinese government has continuously attempted to cover up.
Freedom of information or censorship? Which would you choose?


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Zero Copay Program, Inc. now serves New York’s 5 boroughs, Long Island, Westchester, and parts of Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Healthcare providers across your community are using ZCP, a pharmaceutical copay relief program for commercially insured patients to receive their FDA-approved medication at $0 copay.
View our expanding list of Eligible Products for your dermatology and/or oncology needs. If your medication is listed, then you could be paying $0 copay for your medication.
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ELIGIBILITY: Patients must have a legal and valid prescription and be covered by commercial insurance to be eligible to utilize the benefits of Zero Copay Program. Patients must be at least 18 years of age, or have verbal or written consent from their legal guardian. Patient must be a legal resident of NY, NJ, or PA.
EXCLUSIONS: Those excluded are patients covered by -but not limited to- Medicaid, Medicare, Medigap, VA, DOD, Tricare insurance, or where offers of this type are prohibited by law.


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Unique green hotel and boutique spa resort among the haciendas of Yucatan, Mexico. An ideal destination for nature lovers who want to experience authentic Mayan cultural traditions, enjoy healthy gourmet food, and explore the majestic Mayan temples of Chi
It's more than an island. Discover Sicily and discover the world. The world's first multicultural society, the island is Europe's most historically cosmopolitan region, having been ruled by Asians, Africans and Europeans.
Things to do in Australia & New Zealand, with over 2,000 travel experiences throughout the best tourism regions of Cairns, Port Douglas, Sunshine Coast, Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne, Queenstown, and Auckland.

domain: travel


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Is greed good? I don't think most people would say that it is. But in this one instance, if used properly, it can be good for some.
The stock market these days is based on greed. Not on the greater good, but simply on the premise that investors always want to make more. Some is never enough. They must make more. To do that, they need capital. The need for greed is a weakness that can be exploited by those at the lower level to affect real change.
I think it is great that some are trying to affect change. I truly believe that the Occupy Wall Street, and all of the secondary Occupy protesters have their heart and minds in the right place. They mean well and want true change.
Sadly, what they are doing will not get any results.
Only one thing matters to those who control the money system. The flow of money, of capital and the ability to make more money off of it.
What most do not realize is that they are part of the system they abhore, and therefore, part of the problem.
If most really understood the stock market system, they would know that almost everything that happens there is driven by large mutual funds. In that respect, we are all part of it. Very few of us don't have a mutual fund. We put money in these funds with hopes of a steady return so we can have a long and happy retirement.
If we truly want to change the system, without breaking the system and therefore only hurting ourselves, there is only one way to make that happen.
We need to only invest in funds which meet our moral goals. If we want to invest in companies that don't send jobs overseas, then we need to pick funds that have only those. If we want to encourage companies to go green and consider the health of the environment when they make decisions, then we need to get educated and find out who they are, and then support them with our investment so they can compete.
Those who control the money will take notice of this. Money talks, bullshit walks.
We have all heard that before. If the big power players see that the flow of money stops, they will alter their behavior on their own. There is no need to march down any street and Occupy anything. It won't make one bit of difference. The powers that be won't change one iota of their behavior because of it and will just ride it out until it fades off. But if their fund starts to lose capital, they will change immediately.
There is real suffering out there. There is no doubt about that. Based on the state of nations finances now, it is going to get much worse before it gets any better. That is the reality that almost all will face.
It will be up to those who stand up for the greater good to take some major short term pain. Investing in funds that don't include the richest and most successful companies means a much lower return on investment now, but likely a much better future for your children and grandchildren.
Marching down Wall Street and parking your ass is noble, but how many are willing to take real pain when they get back home?
How many are willing to stop shopping at Walmart? How many are willing to make less on their investments now so the system can be changed?
I started this blog with the "Greed is good" clip. This mentality has gone on for many decades, and Wall Street, the movie, showed in real terms that buying a company, breaking it up, selling the parts and eliminating jobs is a strategy that makes big money for those who do it.
The only way to stop this behavior is to take the money supply away from those who do this, and those who take that profit and then buy politicians and control media.
Going higher up the food chain and destroying the pyramid that rides underneath it is the only way to create real long lasting change.

domain: economics


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Reves De Singapour perfume
The revival of the iconic 'Reves De Singapour®' Perfume - 'Dreams of Singapore' was precisely that: a timeless and brilliant blend of fragrant notes. We have reintroduced this fragrance, specially crafted for men, and we hope you appreciate its charm.
'Reves De Singapour' translates to "Dreams of Singapore," and it perfectly encapsulates an era when everyone was yearning for a brighter future and collectively working towards shaping the amazing Singapore we know today.
As we now enjoy the fruits of their labor, it is essential to honor and express gratitude to the pioneering generation. Their visionary contributions across various industries and their concerted efforts have played an integral role in shaping the Singapore we are proud of today.
Surprisingly, the first color television arrived in Singapore in 1974. The 1960s marked a pivotal period in the island's development, emphasizing industrialization and manufacturing, ultimately leading to the prosperity of the 1970s and full employment in Singapore.


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Last night MileBug 2.1 hit the App Store with the most exciting feature of the year - GPS Full Path tracking with Map Display. Ever since Apple allowed apps to run in the background, users have been requesting full GPS tracking. Now it's here - http://bit.ly/MileBug!
When adding a new trip, select "GPS Tracking" under the odometer readings on the Add Trip screen. This will slide on a Map View and show your current location. Simply tap "Start Tracking" and MileBug will drop a pin every time you move more than 1/10 mile. You can return to Add Trip and fill in the rest of the information, save it, and even leave MileBug to open other apps. As long as MileBug is running in the background (which it does by default), it's tracking your trip.
At any time, you can open the Trip and return to GPS Tracking and see your path on the map. Your path is drawn on the map, with dragable pins every 1/10 mile. To edit your path, you can drag pins around, remove pins, even add new pins. If you happen to forget to turn off GPS tracking when you arrive at your destination, you can easily trim your path to the correct pin when you do remember.
Full Path GPS Tracking is in the full version only. MileBug Lite GPS is only "as the crow flies" and does not include map display.
Please let us know in the comments below how it's working for you and suggestions on improvement, or even new features for our next release.
MileBug in the App Store - http://bit.ly/MileBug


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Yeh Hai Mohabbatein the popular Star Plus show produced by Balaji Telefilms is seeing intense drama with Ishita (Divyanka Tripathi) and the girls trying to find out where Niti Guha disappeared and also about her caretaker nurse.
Ishita will finally strike gold when she will get to know of the nurse Tia’s whereabouts when Tia’s father will meet with an accident.
They will believe that Tia will come to see her father and will keep their eyes glued.
Will Arjit (Mithil Jain) fall prey to Ishita’s plan?
We buzzed actors of Yeh Hai Mohabbatein but could not get through to them.
Watch this space at IWMBuzz.com for updates.


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С Дани Петканов
София ден и нощ
Не така, брат
10 първи срещи
От новия сезон
Syrian Deputy-Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad said that Russia is fulfilling its "obligations assumed in the UN Security Council, at the General Assembly and in all international forums" by fighting "terrorism," during an interview with Russia Today in Damascus on Friday. In reference to Russia's naval operations against militant forces in Syria, Mekdad said that Russia had "openly reported on the number of missiles and the targets that were hit." The deputy minister said that this practice was the same for Russia's air force too. Deputy chief of Staff of the Russian Armed Forces Lieutenant General Igor Makushev held a press briefing in Moscow, Friday, where he confirmed that the Russian Air Force had "successfully hit 60 terrorist targets in Syria" during the latest round of airstrikes.
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Battlecross 'Rise to Power' (album stream)
Published Aug 19, 2015Yesterday (August 18), it was revealed that Michigan thrash metal unit Battlecross would be opening for Scumdogs Gwar on their upcoming 30th anniversary tour. The younger band are likewise in the mood to celebrate, considering their new Rise to Power LP hits stores this Friday (August 21) via Metal Blade. If you want to get the party started even earlier, though, you can do so by streaming the full album right now.
The album is the band's third for Metal Blade and fourth overall. Featuring 10 amped-up thrash attacks, it's the first full-length from the band to feature drummer Alex Bent, who started playing with the group in 2014.
Opener "Scars" is a powder keg of quick licks, scissor-beat insanity and the venom-dripping hisses of vocalist Kyle "Gumby" Gunther. "Not Your Slave" is a blood-boiling, double-time ode to independence. Elsewhere, you've got the speedy, double kick-driven "Bound By Fear" and the Swedish-style melodic death metal crusher "Shackles."
You can stream the set down below.
The full rundown of Battlecross' trip with Gwar, which includes a number of Canadian dates, can be see here.


With Birchwood's Shoot-N-C Bull's-Eye Assorted targets are for both long range and short distance shooting, with targets for several shooting needs- including rifles, handguns, pistols and airguns. Great for indoor and outdoor use and low light conditions. The self adhesive backing makes targets easy to put up. Bullet holes are revealed with bright chartreuse rings.
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The Duluth Police Department is notifying the public on the release and relocation of a Level III Predatory Offender 55 year old, David Houle.
https://flic.kr/p/SaRUAJ | Duluth PD, Georgia | Duluth Police Department, Georgia Dodge Charger Vehicle #877 Picture Date: 03/17/2017 This Dodge Charger is owned by the Duluth Police Department in Georgia. Here it's pictured on racetrack Road Atlanta as Duluth Officers train for emergency driving situations during a track day event.
Missing Female Julie May Hill Case Classification: Endangered Missing Missing Since: July 18, 1980 Location Last Seen: Duluth, St. Louis County, Minnesota Age at Time of Disappearance: 22 years You may remain anonymous when submitting information to any agency. Duluth Police Department Agency Contact Person: Sgt. Laura Marquardt Agency Phone Number: 218-730-5501 For complete info on case http://www.doenetwork.org/cases/1517dfmn.html
Friends and family members of a Duluth woman missing for nearly two months pleaded with the public Friday to come forward with information as police announced a reward in the case. Lt. Mike Ceynowa announced that the Duluth Police Department is offering $1,000 to anyone who provides a tip that l...
https://flic.kr/p/SpPD6p | Duluth PD, Georgia | Duluth Police Department, Georgia Dodge Charger Vehicle #877 Picture Date: 03/17/2017 Dodge Chargers belonging to the Duluth Police Department in Georgia sit parked at Road Atlanta Raceway. Officers from Duluth P.D. attended a track day event to train for emergency driving situations.
Along with police departments across the United States, the University of Minnesota Duluth Police Department (UMDPD) encourages students and faculty to spend several hours with a police officer in their Ride-Along program. It is a way to understand the challenges, risks, and rewards of the police officer’s role. “I have done a few Ride-Alongs and have helped set students up for several Ride-Alongs as well,” said Mia Johnson, the Better Neighbors director for the Student Association at UMD…
Officer Misty Howell and K-9 Alf with the Duluth Police Department celebrate after Alf successfully found evidence during a training demonstration at Cannon United Methodist Church as the K9 unit visits campers


Members are invited to attend the joint kickoff for our three consortium committees on Friday, 26 March at 9am eastern US time:
- Outreach Committee – Its mission is to organize, promote, and manage events that provide value to AIS Consortium members and promote the goals of the AIS Consortium; Committee Advisor = Xiangen Hu, University of Memphis
- Resource Repository Committee – Its mission is to work toward building a critical mass of open-source and exemplar software components for the AIS community ; Committee Advisor = Richard Tong, Squirrel AI
- Evaluation & Certification Committee – Its mission is to create and operate an evaluation and certification service for the AIS community, especially for the conformance, compliance and support of the IEEE AIS standards.; Committee Advisor = Louise Yarnall, SRI
More information about the committees can be found on our website: https://
Members are requested to designate at least one person per committee to represent you at this important meeting at which we will discuss plans and elect committee officers. We request your representative(s) RSVP by responding to Bob Sottilare no later than 23 March.


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Christmas may still be a couple of months away but plans have already been made for this year’s West End Christmas Fortnight.
It will be held from November 24 to December 8.
Various events have already been planned and the fortnight kicks off with a children’s craft event on November 24.
The festive fun continues on November 25 with a vintage tea and fashion event.
On November 28 is the switch-on of the Christmas lights along with a concert and fireworks.
The West Port lights will be switched on on November 30.
Throughout December there will be Christmas fairs, a design market, craft events, Christmas tea and carols, football, and a Christmas ceilidh.
There will also be various children’s activities at Blackness Library, a children’s window spotting competition, and a best dressed shop window competition.

domain: library


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Medallion image created using the emboss resist technique. Stamp image in VersaMark ink on white cardstock, emboss with clear embossing powder and then sponge with Wild Wasabi and Pool Party ink.
Stamps: Day of Gratitude, Hand-Penned Holidays
Paper: Chocolate Chip, Pool Party, Whisper White
Ink: Chocolate Chip, Pool Party, Wild Wasabi, VersaMark
Accessories: Vintage Wallpaper Embossing Folder, Big Shot, Sponge, Clear Embossing Powder, Antique Brad, Eyelet Border Punch, 5/8″ Satin Chocolate Chip Ribbon, Stampin’ Dimensionals

domain: hobby


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