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I totally love b-ball socks and I have seen that as late as a couple of years prior, b-ball players center just around their shoes as their primary footwear. They disregard the benefit of wearing the right ball socks to their general presentation. Quick forward to the present time, the business has quickly progressed. Makers presently have broad exploration on materials, support, solace, plan, and generally development. Now and again, they team up with competitors to make inventive, polished, and practical ball socks. We are currently ruined for decision with such countless great quality socks for b-ball.
To assess the best ball socks, you need to initially grasp the various parts that make up a decent pair. These are the top or welt, leg, impact point, foot, bottom, and toe. Every one of the parts fills a need and their mix decides the general development and finish of your socks.
The welt is at the top and is the beginning stage of the socks. This can be made of versatile materials and holds up the leg part of the socks. The leg part would ordinarily have a ribbing example to permit breathability. The heel part is significant on the grounds that it is the groundwork of a well-fitted sets of socks. The foot part is the one that comes in close contact with the shoes’ upper while the bottom part comes in direct contact with the insole. Quality socks would ordinarily have a very much framed toe pocket.
For a requesting sport like ball, you must know about all parts of the socks to ensure that you are extra agreeable when you wear them. You additionally need to guarantee that your whole foot is completely upheld during high effect snapshots of the game. This is definitively the very thing I will assist you with in this article.
The right fit will provide you with the right degree of help required when you run all over the court. This will likewise give you additional certainty when you leap to snatch that bounce back. Socks ought to have built up structures on the lower leg and foot regions. Padded heels will give added shock retention during hard arrivals. The toe pockets ought to have a perfect proportion of cushioning with the goal that your developments are not obliged. Forms around the curve band of the foot can give you a cozy and secured in feel.
The outline of your socks will decide the solace level around the lower leg and calf regions. You ought to painstakingly consider this perspective as this has a high opportunity of uneasiness. Socks with assigned both ways foot lifts the degree of fit and solace. This is particularly valuable during high effect minutes when you slice to the center or when you endeavor to obstruct a shot.
B-ball socks are currently evolved considering players’ presentation. Nike even connects with competitors at each level of the game. They team up with NBA stars, converse with school players, and get input from center or secondary school players. This input circle is helpful to our ball local area as the items’ quality reliably gets to the next level.
Achilles and lower legs are inclined to scraped spot while playing b-ball so it are mean quite a bit to pad around these delicate regions. Twofold layered forefoot development gives added solace. You ought to pay special attention to socks with dainty ribbing from just beneath the lower leg to mid-foot. This gives added scope of movement and a considerably more agreeable fit.
Example And Surface
Cotton is the most well-known sock material for regular use. While this is great for non-sports shoes, ball requests an alternate material for most extreme solace and backing. To accomplish this, makers would blend cotton in with polyester, nylon, cotton or spandex. Pressure examples ought to be thought about so that padding is adjusted to explicit necessary regions for b-ball.
While assembling socks, the surface is accomplished by blending various sorts of yarns. How the yarns are sewed and the way in which the needle controls the example make the ideal surface. Ball socks will generally be more execution improving when the materials are made of a mix of regular and engineered filaments. Polyester ordinarily gets a terrible standing. Be that as it may, when it is joined with cotton, spandex, and nylon in the right extent, the outcome can be a top notch and agreeable material for our socks.
Visual characters of b-ball socks have acquired fame throughout the last 10 years. Indeed, even external the US, kids wear b-ball socks during ends of the week to look cool. There are such countless various varieties and plans to look over.
Large numbers of the athletic sock creators work intimately with shoes and attire architects to foster striking tones and lively designs. These socks are currently turning into a games design proclamation. It additionally adds more visual fervor and appeal to the sport of ball.
Players normally take a gander at the thickness of the socks to decide sturdiness while purchasing. In any case, the more significant thought is to take a gander at socks with the right padding around the strain focuses. High effect regions around the heels ought to have padding. The toe pocket arrangement ought to have more tight weaving designs.
While doing your clothing, put your grimy socks in the clothes washer and set it on delicate mode. Continuously utilize cold water and gentle cleanser. This will keep your socks from contracting and will permit you to broaden the life span of your ball socks.
5 Best B-ball Socks
Now that you comprehend the various variables to consider, let us get to the tomfoolery part of concluding which of the best ball socks to purchase.
1. Nike Dry World class 1.5 Team B-ball Socks
This sets of premium Nike b-ball socks are made of a mix of cotton, nylon, polyester, and spandex. The group cut style sits right at your calf. The licensed dri-fit innovation material keeps your feet dry throughout the entire game. The material is delicate and entirely agreeable. The curve band that shapes around the foot gives a protected and cozy fit.
The ribbed foothold at the bottom of the sock gives upgraded hold and foothold. This pair has explicit right and left foot which upgrades the general attack of the socks. Padding is designated on assigned zones of the lower leg and foot. The ribbing at the leg gives breathability. By and large, it has a decent outline that is agreeable to the lower leg and calf.
The Nike sock originators worked really hard in presenting this notable b-ball socks plan. It upset the sock business when b-ball players are purchasing sports socks in mass. Nike World class socks are the aftereffect of broad exploration and coordinated effort with expert and school players.
This is a seriously first class pair so take great consideration of it while washing. Make a point to set your clothes washer to delicate mode. Utilize cold water and gentle cleanser. Try not to blend your white socks in with shaded garments.
2. Nike Tip top Flexibility Ball Team Socks
The Nike World class Flexibility socks have two times how much spandex contrasted with its Dry Tip top partner. The outcome is a more stretchy sets of socks. You won’t battle to put these on. The socks’ interesting element is the ventilation zones that make it very breathable and cool. It has a curve band that gives you that safe and secured in feel.
Padding is designated on unambiguous tension regions around the impact point and chunk of the foot. The top or the welt has a ribbed example that is grippy. This holds the leg well and holds the sock back from moving. A ribbed emotionally supportive network folds over the injury inclined lower leg region. It has assigned both ways foot development for worked on fit.
The First class Flexibility is accessible in a few tones to suit everybody’s inclination. Each tone is intended to have its particular person. The front welt has a notable Nike logo and has an energetic example at the back. These socks will doubtlessly snatch consideration when matched with Nike signature b-ball shoes.
The socks are produced using mixed normal and manufactured materials. The example is firmly sewn which frames areas of strength for a. Toughness ought not be an issue. Ensure that you wash your socks delicately with cold water and gentle cleanser.
3. Under Protection Drive Ball Team Socks
The Under Defensive layer Drive b-ball socks are produced using practically half nylon. This makes the socks serious areas of strength for incredibly versatile. The protected ArmourFit innovation gives improved lower leg and curve zone support. This gives you a more tight and secure search the foot. Because of the idea of the fit, this pair may not be reasonable to more extensive feet.
The toe pocket is consistent and conveys a smooth, agreeable, and bothering free insight. High effect region of the feet are upheld by an essential padding framework. The material is breathable and wicks sweat rapidly. It keeps your feet dry while you center around your game. The ribbing designs on the foot and underside are intended to forestall scent causing organisms from developing.
High thickness pad on the impact point and foot gives greatest shock retention. The pads are likewise decisively intended to lessen mass. The socks are ergonomically shaped to explicit right and left feet.
The top welt has a notorious Under Reinforcement logo consolidated with an unobtrusive differentiating tone and yarn design. The lower leg region has elaborate plans that fold over the whole foot. This pair is machine launderable. As usual, wash it under delicate cycle with gentle cleanser to save its shape and structure.
4. Adidas Maker 365 B-ball Group Socks
The adidas Maker 365 b-ball socks are produced using a mix of cotton, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, and spandex. Adidas calls this texture the Climalite. Its one of a kind highlights are the regular cotton on the external texture and smooth mixed engineered materials in the insole. This mix is ideally suited for exercises that require high effect socks like b-ball.
This sets of group length socks are breathable and lightweight. The toe pocket and heels are made of polypropylene. This texture can wick dampness and is entirely tough. Solace and life span are a portion of its benefits. The lower leg region has an inside and out pad that offers upgraded help for your speedy moves to the bushel. Adidas has physically planned this pair to have explicit right and left foot. The foot region consolidates the Adidas Traxion plan which has incorporated hold yarns for upgraded footing and security. The curve pressure can embrace the whole foot. You will feel the additional help it gives to your Achilles.
The three stripes at the back projects a cutting edge Adidas picture. This is an ideal pair to be worn with Adidas signature ball shoes. While machine washing this pair, utilize a gentle cleanser and tumble dry on low. Continuously wash with like-colors.
5. Nike Execution Pad Team Preparing Socks
The Nike execution pad team preparing socks show a more conventional style and material. The texture is made of 70% cotton with mixed nylon and spandex. It is fast drying and keeps you happy with during serious snapshots of your game. The material watches out for wick sweat away from your skin to keep you dry throughout the entire game. High-wear regions around the heel and toes have delicate supported cotton texture. The highest point of the foot has a lattice layer that upgrades ventilation when you are moving. The general padding around the whole foot is agreeable enough for ball use.
The footing on the foot region is nice. It can deal with the tensions from going around and changing course during the game. Curve support is secure enough for horizontal developments. The highest point of the socks has the notorious Nike swoosh logo on the two sides. The welt has delicate edges and holds up the socks’ legs emphatically. Ribbing on the leg is agreeable and the plan improves wind stream.
In rundown, this three-pair bunch of socks suits economical players. The padded b-ball socks are sturdy and can endure machine wash. Regarding care, consistently wash with like-colors and gentle cleanser.

domain: design


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Max Armstrong talks about a water rescue, crop progress, death of a NASCAR crew chief, dirtiest beaches and the Big Boy locomotive.
Max Armstrong shares a sneak peek at what farmers will see at the 2019 Farm Progress Show
Max Armstrong talks about rough road conditions, Farm Tech Days, college football game attendance and a salute to the nation during a cattle competition.
Max Armstrong offers a look at the financial challenge facing agriculture
Max Armstrong talks about store closings, farmers talking with congressional members, loon deaths and celebrating the moon walk anniversary.
Max Armstrong shares insight on the African Swine Fever issue in China and how it may impact global markets
Max Armstrong talks about heat safety and illness, wheat harvest, autoworker contracts and a thief who lost his wallet.
Max Armstrong talks about climate change, grain prices, wheat harvest, a deported murder suspect and car part thieves.
Max Armstrong offers a look at the challenge of climate change to agriculture
Max Armstrong talks about heat indexes, cautious marketing, too many cats, an ATV accident and a prison release.

domain: news


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Differential effect of HERG blocking agents on cardiac electrical alternans in the guinea pig.
Beat-to-beat alternations of the cardiac monophasic action potential, known as electrical alternans, were studied at drug concentrations that have known arrhythmogenic outcomes. Electrical alternans were elicited from the heart of anesthetized guinea pigs, both in the absence and presence of drugs that inhibit the delayed rectifier K(+) channel encoded by the human ether a-go-go related-gene (HERG), and are associated with the fatal arrhythmia, Torsade de Pointes. Two other HERG inhibiting drugs not associated with Torsade de Pointes were also studied. At concentrations known to be proarrhythmic, E-4031 and bepridil increased mean alternans 10 and 40 ms at pacing frequencies
Fossa, AA; Wisialowski, T; Wolfgang, E; Wang, E; Avery, M; Raunig, DL; Fermini, B
Volume / Issue
Start / End Page
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

domain: biology


text:
|Make G-Mart your home for comics!|
Something Epic #4 (Cover C - Szymon Kudranski)
(W/A/CA) Szymon Kudranski
No longer in denial of his powers, Dan is treated by his new mentor-a curious figure from his past-to a whistle-stop tour of the imaginary multiverse. With guest appearances from Image Comics' greatest characters! Twenty-nine pages of story and art for the regular price of just $3.99!
32pgs, FC SRP: $3.99
|Issue:||#4 (Cover C - Szymon Kudranski)|
|Cover Date:||2023 August|
Something Epic Comic Book Subscription
Something Epic $2.60 $3.99
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domain: artistic


TechTip: Modeling Process Electric Heaters in Xist Webinar
October 05, 2023 | 10:00 AM CDT (UTC -05:00)
Xist® 9.1 introduced electric heater functionality. This webinar describes the basic modeling approach for electric heaters and the inputs and outputs for the electric service types. It also covers the current limitations of the model and forecasts potential improvements in Xist. A case study demonstrates how users can build and evaluate an electric heater design.
Join this webinar to learn more.
Registration deadline: October 03, 2023 (11:59 PM US Central Time)
Facilitated by Ashley Hinojosa
Project Engineer, Engineering Services, graduated with a BS in mechanical engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. During her studies, she completed two internships with oil & gas equipment company Proserv, gaining experience with product testing and technical writing. She worked in heat exchanger sales, covering the Houston, Waco, and Dallas/Fort Worth areas, for almost two years before joining HTRI. As a member of the Engineering Services group, she focuses on technical support and contracts but also assists with development of other materials for HTRI's technical program.


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Dunklin, Adams earn Big South weekly honorsSeptember 22, 2003
By CSU Sports Information
|Aaron Dunklin had breakout game last week|
CHARLESTON, SC - Two Charleston Southern University football players were honored on Monday by the Big South Conference for their strong performances in Saturday's 49-42 win over West Virginia State College.
Wide receiver Aaron Dunklin was named as the conference's Offensive Player of the Week, while running back Robert Adams was tabbed as the league's Freshman of the Week.
Dunklin, a 5-11, 180-pound senior from Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, caught five passes for 139 yards, including touchdown receptions of 43 and 58 yards. The outing was the best of the early season for Dunklin, a 2002 All-Conference selection. Dunklin is currently second in the league with 16 receptions and leads the league with a 17.2-yard average per catch.
Adams, a 6-2, 200-pounder from Lompac, California, rushed for a career-high 148 yards on 20 carries, scoring twice in his team's victory on Saturday. Adams, who moved from linebacker to running back in the final week of preseason drills, is CSU's leading rusher after four games with 227 yards. Adams is averaging 6.0 yards per carry and leads all Big South running backs with four rushing touchdowns.
In other football related news, freshman quarterback Collin Drafts is currently ranked 16th nationally among all I-AA quarterbacks in passing efficiency. Junior Kijana Thomas is ranked 28th nationally in kickoff returns, averaging 25.93 yards per return. Thomas had 169 returns yards in last week's win over West Virginia State.
CSU is ranked 17th nationally as a team in turnover margin, having forced 12 turnovers and commited six in four games. CSU has recovered seven fumbles, which is the 10th highest total in Division I-AA.
Three CSU linebackers are currently among the top 10 tacklers in the Big South Conference. Freshman Jonna Lee leads the Bucs with 34 total tackles and is ranked sixth in the league. Bowe Butler is ranked seventh in the league, averaging eight tackles per game, while Torri Barber is ranked 10th in the league, averaging seven tackles per game.

domain: sports


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Remember that scene from Jurassic Park where Jeff Goldblum says “life, uh… finds a way”? His logic is simple – if something in nature has got even the most remote chance of happening, given enough time it probably will. A group of all female dinosaurs will eventually reproduce. Nickelback will, given enough time, write a song the doesn’t suck. And two custom bike genres which may seem mutually exclusive will eventually merge to form a whole new subspecies. Take this little Yamaha XT600 beastie, for instance. Half cafe and half tracker, it’s the latest creation from Portugal’s Redonda Motors. And while science may have never intended it to be so, we’re kind of glad nature took its course.
“This is the latest project from Redonda Motors,” says the exoctically named João Barranca, the shop’s owner. “It’s a a 1998 Yamaha XT600E. This design blends the cafe racer style with that of the tracker. The intention was to build a motorcycle for the city that was very fun and easy to ride.”
The XT600 base was chosen for the build as it’s an agile old thing that has more than enough motor for everyday urban use. With that being said, João still took it upon himself to improve the handling by dropping the height of the bike by about 20cm/8″.
“The fuel tank comes from an old Honda CB550, and the freshly painted design was based on the Honda bikes of the 60s, with some added Yamaha colours to make sure nothing got too blasphemous,” says João. The tank also adds to the bike’s super compact shape and minimalist aesthetic, disguising the 600cc thumper masterfully. Well, as long as you don’t count the sound it makes.
The original wheels have been changed to beefier ones capable of taking a wider road tire and thusly erasing the original bike’s ‘balancing on hula hoops’ stance. The bespoke exhaust was designed and built in a high-grade stainless steel to give it both a tracker style and a beautiful bass note. Now that’s our kind of orchestra.
And the bike’s original subframe was masterfully replaced by one built from scratch by João himself. It not only supports the seat and whatever butt cakes just so happen to be perched on it at the time, but it also hides most of the bike’s messy electrical components, too. The original air filters were replaced by new foam Ramair filters.
All the new bike’s em formação is now given out by a small Koso dial. The rear light and indicators were both changed to LEDs, and up front an old Suzuki GT750 headlight was re-jigged for its new Yamaha home. Also notice the small projector placed on the bike’s front left-hand side. Neat-o.
“The design and creation of the subframe were the most difficult parts of this build,” says João. “Ensuring the seat was supported with sufficient strength to hold the driver’s weight was no easy task. And with the creation of this new subframe, I of course had to reposition all the necessary components so that the motorcycle can run. That was not an easy task.”
“The color and the combination of different styles are for me the best parts of this bike,” he says in summary. “The scrambler exhaust system, combined with the old school bench seat and the cafe racer fuel tank results in something I find very interesting.”
So, what’s your take? Freak of nature or the start of a wonderful new species? Somehow, we feel we’ll be seeing a lot more of these types of hybrids. Cafe’s stripped-back and mean minimalism matched with the more casual nature of an Enduro and a sprinkling of tracker DNA thrown in for good measure. If this isn’t natural, then we’re not quite sure what is.


text: Home Disney Park News Mickey & Minnie’s Runaway Railway Virtual Queue Ending Feb. 22ndDisney Park News Since its opening in late January the Mickey and Minnie’s Runaway Railway attraction has been operating on a virtual queue. The queue, managed through the Disneyland App, has been the main way for guests to experience the attraction in Toontown. Starting Feb. 22nd the attraction will move to a normal attraction queue. This means guests may get in line anytime throughout the day without the need of a boarding group. Disney may still utilize a virtual queue during busy times or on busy days. Guests should look for signs towards the park and/or land entrance for virtual queue notifications. Guests may still purchase an Individual Lighting Lane to experience the attraction via Lightning Lane. A limited number of these are available to purchase each day.See also Disney DailyDisney Park NewsDisney Springs·Last updated:March 31, 2024The Magic of Streaming Unites Disney+Hulu No word yet on if the attraction will move into the Genie+ line up or not.

domain: travel


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Consciousness and Creativity Filigree Brass Skull Necklace
This skull necklace features a captivating and intricate filigree brass skull with a turquoise stone accent and handmade rainbow tassel on a hand woven chain with turquoise accents from Brazil.
The skull in Buddhism is often recognized as a symbol of impermanence. This mala is an amazing way to reflect on impermanence in your daily practice. It is a powerful reminder to be here now and to live in the present moment; because nothing is permanent, everything is possible.
Necklaces measures approximately 32" around. Skull is about 1 3/8" in length and 5/8" wide. Tassel is about 1 3/4" long.


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Variety of flavors were very good. We only eat the plain shaved ice with a couple of flavors. There are also all kinds of local snacks.
1 - 10 条点评，共 11 条
The shaved ice was good.. What really good was li hing mui package they sell. That was soooo good and cheap!! I wish I bought more.. Li Hing Mui is dried plum powered in what is call li hing mui. It is sweet and salty...更多
Shave ice is just as good as the North Shore, and they also have a wide assortment of crack seed. They make goody baskets of any size. Great family.
This is my favorite place to go for shave ice with ice cream. Generous with ice cream which I really like. Nice people and fast service. Many different flavors and served in a cup which is so much easier to eat on the run. They...更多
Baldwins had good shave ice and snacks but I'll rate their shave ice only. The shave ice is good, but I wouldn't rate it among the top 5 on the island. Now that doesn't discourage me from stopping here if I want shave ice and...更多

domain: food


text:
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Название: Augustin Cournot: Modelling Economics
Автор: Touffut J.-P.
"If Augustin Cournot had still been alive, he could have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics on at least three different occasions", exclaimed Nobel Laureate Robert Aumann during the 2005 Cournot Centre conference. From his earliest publications, Cournot broke from tradition with his predecessors in applying mathematical modelling to the social sphere. Consequently, he was the first to affirm the mathematization of social phenomena as an essential principle. The fecundity of Cournot's works stems not only from this departure, but also from a richness that irrigated the social sciences of the twentieth century.In this collection, the contributors - including two Nobel laureates in economics - highlight Cournot's profound innovativeness and continued relevance in the areas of industrial economics, mathematical economics, market competition, game theory and epistemology of probability and statistics. Each of the seven authors reminds us of the force and modernity of Cournot's thought as a mathematician, historian of the sciences, philosopher and, not least, as an economist. Combining an epistemological perspective with a theoretical one, this book will be of great interest to researchers and students in the fields of economics, the history of economic thought, and epistemology.

domain: library


text:
Written by Lucas Hamilton, Edited by Vyas Ponnuri
Motorsport has always been a summer sport. However, races have taken place in the winter before, most notably the 2021 finale at Abu Dhabi taking place in the middle of December, and the South African Grand Prix taking place between the 28th of December and the 2nd of January between 1962 and 1968.
These are extreme examples, however, as both countries are warmer in this time of year, with the United Arab Emirates usually scorching through the summer months, and South Africa being in the southern hemisphere.
However, some racing series only take place throughout the winter months, to capitalise on young drivers being available to race, not filled up by contractual agreements across the traditionally European summer seasons.
This has led to big gaps between calendars, and is most apparent across junior formulae, with gaps sometimes ranging up to six months between the end and start of seasons. Winter series play the role of helping bridge this gap over the long breaks.
A prime example of the winter series format gaining popularity is the aptly-named Formula Winter Series. The Formula Winter Series is a brand new Formula 4 championship based in Spain, running through the winter, before the majority of national series commence once again.
The series was founded as a more affordable alternative to the F4 United Arab Emirates Championship, and Formula Regional Oceania, both of which run through the winter. This is due to the competition staying in Europe, and not having to transport equipment across the world.
The 2023 championship, the first in its history, saw eventual 2023 Italian F4 champion Kacper Sztuka crowned its inaugural champion. The Pole raced against F4 rivals Frederik Lund and Gianmarco Pradel, en route to the title. The series is set to return in 2024, with another quartet of rounds all in Spain yet again, with the series visiting MotorLand Aragón instead of the Circuito de Navarra, for the third round in 2024.
Less so a winter series, and rather a summer series, taking place in the southern hemisphere, the Toyota Racing Series in New Zealand often has a history of kicking off the racing season in the land.
The recently-renamed Formula Regional Oceania Championship, featuring the prestigious New Zealand Grand Prix, returned after a cancelled 2022 season, following the COVID-19 Pandemic, in a new name.
The 2023 season, however, featured a lot fewer Formula One juniors than usual, though. with the Formula Regional Middle East Championship attracting more drivers to race instead.
The FRMEC attracted junior formulae stars Andrea Kimi Antonelli, Dino Beganovic, Aiden Neate, Gabriele Mini, Nikola Tsolov, and Red Bull juniors Pepe Marti, and Tim Tranmitz, whereas almost half of the FROC line-up was from Australia or New Zealand.
This is not an uncommon feat for the championship, however, for a series that saw F1 hopefuls train in preparation for the upcoming season not so long ago, it is a worrying decline.
A more high-profile championship running through the winter is Formula E. The all-electric single-seater World Championship commenced in September of 2014. The series always got underway in the latter months of the previous years to the main year of competition, before the COVID-19 Pandemic hit.
Ever since, Formula E has not had their main season start in the previous year. The seasons are still hyphenated between years, though, due to the pre-season testing taking place late in the year. Formula E has always been off-kilter with their schedule, but has never explicitly been a winter series, with each of its nine seasons stretching well into the summer months.
Perhaps the strangest winter series throughout recent history is the Florida Winter Series. The Florida Winter Series only lasted one year, 2014. The series was organised by the Ferrari Driver Academy, and held races around three tracks in Florida, Sebring, Palm Beach, and Homestead-Miami.
The series featured 12 non-championship races, three at each venue, with two race events at Homestead-Miami. The latter featured two different variations of the road course, with the first one being the standard road course, and the second including the final corner of the oval.
The series involved all members of the Ferrari Driver Academy back then, such as Raffaele Marciello, Lance Stroll, and Antonio Fuoco. The series was also contested by future F1 World Champion Max Verstappen, the Dutchman getting his first competitive laps in a race car, ahead of his 2014 F3 European Championship season.
The winter series is a staple of modern motorsport, and will certainly stay. The newest addition to the growing list of winter series include the F4 Saudi Arabia series, set to run until the 30th of March 2024. The series started with a four-race, non-championship event at Bahrain.
Winter series are great tools to get the drivers training again after the winter break, and keep themselves race-ready through the long wait until racing gets back going again, keeping in mind the half-a-year gap between the end of the 2023 Italian F4 season and the start of the 2024 Formula Regional European season, the most logical step-up for a driver progressing out of Formula 4.
Having long gaps of inactivity is not good for a drivers development, and these series in the Middle East and New Zealand are great at keeping the drivers in top shape. However, this isn’t always great for a driver’s budget either, so new series’ like the Formula Winter Series allow these drivers who wouldn’t normally get opportunities, a chance to race in these winter series, and keep their higher aspirations alive whilst on a budget.

domain: geography


Guardians defending Bolton’s heritage have criticised plans to transform a key gateway site as a “blot” on the landscape.
In a formal objection to the council, the heritage group has said the “overbearing” 20-storey tower at the centre of the Trinity Gateway project would compete for prominence with “much-loved” local landmarks like the town hall and parish church.
Bolton and District Civic Trust described the multi-million-pound scheme as a “desert of hard paving” which gives out the wrong message at a time of a climate emergency.
The group also fear that the 144 apartments would act as an “overflow development” for young office workers commuting to Manchester.
A spokesman said: “In the recent past, Bolton Council has turned its back on high-rise development, it being deemed to be unpopular with residents, difficult to maintain and unsightly in an essentially low-rise environment.
“Suddenly, in an attempt to ‘capture’ some of the high-rise living ‘boom’ that is sweeping across central Manchester, it is deemed to be acceptable, even desirable, to once more encourage high-rise living in the town.
“There is no evidence for believing that this is appropriate for the habitation needs in the context of sustainable town centre regeneration.”
Beechlane Investments submitted plans for the Trinity Gateway project, which includes 30,000 sq ft of office space, a 505-space multi-storey car park and public open space, together with a proposal to turn the former Magistrates’ Court in Le Mans Crescent into a hotel.
The development, which would be located on the corner of Bradshawgate and Trinity Street, is intended to kickstart the regeneration of this part of the town centre which is one of the five “intervention areas” in the council’s £1.5bn masterplan.
The heritage group also objected to the lower and upper ground floors in Le Mans Crescent being part of the proposed hotel, urging it to be retained by the council for potential expansion of the library and museum instead.
A council spokesman: “Consultation is underway on the planning applications which have been submitted for both Le Mans and Trinity Gateway.
“We welcome comments on the developer’s proposals, and feedback received on planning matters will form part of the report which is considered by planning committee.”
A spokesman for the developer said: “The Trinity Gateway project application marks an important step in the regeneration of Bolton town centre.
“We read with interest all of the comments from consultees and aim to deliver a project which will kick start positive change in this part of the town.”
Councillors on the planning committee are due to make a final decision on the proposal in the new year on the advice of town hall planners.
To view or comment on the planning application, visit the council’s website at and search for application reference number 07369/19.


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Online Marketing Made This Top Producer a Silicon Valley Success
Shashank Shekhar, CEO of Arcus Lending in San Jose, Calif., uses a strong presence online to attract tech-savvy clients.
People Movers of the Week: June 26
Mortgage professional hiring and new job appointments for the week ending June 26.
CFPB Delays TRID Two More Days to Schedule Saturday Launch
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's new mortgage integrated disclosure rules will now take effect Saturday, Oct. 3, two days later than the previously rescheduled Oct. 1 deadline.
Fannie Matches Freddie, Makes Desktop Underwriter Free
Fannie Mae will no longer charge mortgage lenders to submit loans to its Desktop Underwriter automated underwriting system, a decision that follows a similar move by Freddie Mac earlier this month.
Delayed TRID Deadline Was a Close Call for Lenders
Many lenders may not have been ready for the CFPB's new mortgage disclosure rule if it took effect on Aug. 1 as planned. Now a slip-up by the agency itself has given lenders a two-month reprieve.
InHouse Releases Valuation Software for Lenders, Appraisers
InHouse Connexions has released a new software product for commercial lenders and appraisers for valuing properties.
How Automation Can Help Control TRID Compliance Costs
Throwing bodies at TRID implementation won't solve problems. Using technology to automate origination processes can help rein in costs and maintain compliance.
Nationstar's Bid to Overhaul Homebuying: Revolution or Waterloo?
The mortgage lender Nationstar Mortgage Holdings is pouring a lot of energy into a digital and mobile homebuying platform called Xome. The strategy could attract tech-savvy millennials but carries plenty of risks including whether consumers would be improperly steered to its products.
Targeted QC Reviews Better Protect Lenders From High-Risk Loans
In the struggle between operational compliance and cost control, advanced analytics and technology can help lenders find an efficient middle ground.
As Volume Drop Looms, Stonegate Seeks Efficiency to Preserve Profits
Resigned to the fact that purchase volume is unlikely to make up for any decline in refinancing, Stonegate Mortgage is focused on improving efficiency to increase loan profits over trying to grow loan volume.
TRID to Prompt Title Industry Consolidation: First American
First American Financial Corp.'s title business is expecting a slow gain in market share driven by the upcoming integrated disclosures reforms, in part due to consolidation in the title industry.
Five Headaches Facing Lenders as Mortgage Disclosure Deadline Nears
Mortgage lenders are in the final stretch of preparing to deliver the new TILA-RESPA Integrated Disclosures to borrowers. But it's not just the change of forms that's causing alarm bells. Fines could be steep and legal liability could be even higher for violators, while necessary technology changes are expensive.
LenderLive Acquires Certified Mail Provider Walz Group
LenderLive in Denver has acquired Walz Group, a provider of certified mailing services.
In Bid to Boost Business, Freddie Mac Makes Loan Prospector Free
In a sign that the GSEs may once again be trying to compete with each other, Freddie Mac will no longer charge lenders to use its Loan Prospector automated underwriting system.
Why Property Valuation Methods Must Be More Robust
Technology that takes into account the sales, cost and income approaches to property valuations is a more comprehensive method of risk assessment and can help detect pricing bubbles before they wreak havoc on the mortgage and real estate industries.


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BOTOX 33317 | COMMON BOTOX FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
posted: Sep. 23, 2019.
When it comes to getting rid of fine lines and wrinkles, Botox 33317 is a well-known injectable treatment. It is common among celebrities and used by everyone who wants to achieve a beautiful, wrinkle-free, and younger-looking face. If you’re considering a Botox treatment for the first time, then you may have questions in your mind that need answers. To help you, here are the top Botox FAQs:
How Does Botox Work?
Botox is a neurotoxin that is injected into the targeted area using an ultra-fine needle. It works by preventing the nerve signals that are responsible for the facial muscles to contract. Once injected, the Botox will relax and reduce the movement of muscles that causes expression lines and wrinkles.
Parts of My Face Can Be Treated with Botox?
Botox can be administered in various facial areas. It can be used to address lines and wrinkles on your eye area, lips, and chin. It can even be used to alleviate pain from TMJ and teeth grinding or for jaw slimming effect.
Is Getting a Botox Treatment Painful?
Botox treatments are minimally invasive and quick. It requires no anesthesia or downtime. There will be slight discomfort during the injection, but it will surely go away once the treatment is over. If you plan to get a Botox during your lunch break, then rest assured that you’ll be able to return to work right after your appointment.
Are the Results Instant?
Results vary for each patient, but it usually takes around 3-5 days before you can see results.
How Long Does it Last?
Botox can last between 3-5 months from the date of the treatment. Your body metabolizes the Botox over time, leading to the return of wrinkles and fine line. But you can opt to maintain by getting treatments every 3-4 months.
Where to Get Botox 33317?
Get rid of your fine lines and wrinkles, and wake up to a younger, more beautiful you! At Tory R Lindh DMD, you can feel comfortable with us knowing that Dr. Lindh, Dr. Orris, and Dr. Leonard focus on facial aesthetics, have a comprehensive knowledge of facial anatomy and have experience injecting Botox 33317 Cosmetic. Contact us for inquiries or visit our website for more information!

domain: medical


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ST. CROIX INSIGHTS
4 Steps on how to afford college – High School graduation is in the air.
BY BRETT ANDERSON/ST.CROIX ADVISORS, LLC
How to afford college?
I’m not worried about having to pay $10,000, $15,000 or $30,000 each year for four or five years for my kids to attend college. I used to worry about having to save or pay for college. I don’t anymore. My perspective completely changed based on my personal experience that wasn’t even related to paying for college. I’m happy to have a sidebar conversation on why if you ever want. Back to paying for college and how to make it affordable. Here are 4 simple steps each and every one of our kids can take to help pay or reduce their college tuition bill.
Over my vast experience in the financial services world, talking with hundreds if not over a thousand people, it’s generally not the mortgage or the car payment, but rather just everyday life that really gets us. It all adds up. $5 here, $50 there, $250 here- it all adds up to real money each month. It’s financial leakage. We all have it, yet, some of us are better than others at controlling it.
This is the best way to obtain free money for college. When you kids focus and invest the time preparing for this exam, chances are it will be money in the bank, depending on the school if you score a 30 or higher. Most kids are not going to achieve a perfect score on the ACT to get a full ride, but I suspect many have the chance to receive some type of money based on their score. I know this is to be true as I’ve seen it firsthand.
FAFSA Form (Free Application for Federal Student Aid)
This is going to seem like a dah moment, but it’s overlooked and so easy to fill out your form wrong and miss out on real money. First off, you don’t even want to fill out the form, so you rush through it not paying attention to the details. For example, line 91 of the FAFSA form wants to know about parent’s current investments. Without thinking or looking into the details, you’ll look at your balance sheet and fill it in. But wait…. what are they really asking? This line has major exclusions – the home they live in, cash, savings and checking accounts the value of life insurance and retirement plans, and other similar types of accounts. You want to make sure you understand the question they are asking and provide the actual number they seek. Otherwise, you might be missing out on financial aid monies.
No matter what, you want to schedule an appointment with the financial aid officers. I’ve had clients knock off $3,000, $10,000 off their kid’s yearly tuition bill just by making a phone call. Many are reluctant to make a phone call or plead on their own why they need additional financial support. I see it this way, do you have another way within 10 minutes to make $5,000 or $10,000? No, you do not!
Save money with community college first
I know many will not find this ideal. Heading to a local community college, but it’s a great strategy on how to afford college and truly allow you time in discovering what you‘d like to pursue as a degree. Changing your college major is expensive. Remember, when you graduate with a four-year degree from a college or university, it’s doesn’t matter that you attended the local community college.
These are four simple steps on how to afford college. College will be your 3rd or 4th largest expenses in your lifetime. Let’s it get it right together. If you want to discuss other money-saving strategies, give me a shout.
Also, sign up for our eNewsletter blog that includes timely financial matters, news, and planning strategies that you can implement today.
Ask yourself- can my portfolio support my lifestyle in my retirement?

domain: finance


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Robert James Rooke was born on October 6th 1993 in Edmonton Alberta. He was exposed to music at an early age and started playing electric bass at age 11. Robert then picked up the guitar at age 13 and never looked back. He started writing songs at the same time and won the local contest “Chestermere Idol” with an original song.
Inspired after hearing Stevie Ray Vaughan’s version of Little Wing, Robert devoted himself to learning the blues from trying to emulate the likes of SRV, Jimi Hendrix, Joe Bonamassa and John Mayer. Over time Robert’s musical interests expanded and he attended Mount Royal University to obtain a diploma in Jazz Guitar Performance. After graduation of Mount Royal, Robert attended Musicians Institute in Hollywood California during the summer of 2015. Some notable groups that Robert has played with as a guitarist are The Mocking Shadows, Leaving Thomas, JK and The Relays, Meta Mofo and Ellen Doty.
After returning to Calgary from Hollywood, Robert harkened back to his song writing roots and self-released his first EP entitled The Road. The Road is a collection of rock, blues and country compiled together in an expression of all Roberts influences. Be sure to check out The Road on iTunes or Robert’s website at www.robertrookemusic.com.


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Like UFC 230 that takes place a month before it, UFC 231 has gone through a little bit of juggling.
Between Bellator and the UFC, there are eight major title fights scheduled before the end of 2018.
According to Brian Ortega, the UFC has a backup plan in case Max Holloway can’t fight at UFC 231.
UFC featherweight champion Max Holloway admits the past few months haven’t been easy.
After his most recent fight was scratched, Brian Ortega is getting things in writing.
The highly anticipated showdown between UFC featherweight champion Max Holloway and Brian Ortega is officially back on.
Brian Ortega felt “thrown under the bus” by fans before but now feels vindicated about waiting to reschedule his title fight with Max Holloway.


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The Portfolio Committee on Environment, Forestry and Fisheries heard that the National Veld and Forest Fire Amendment Bill should include a clause about finance.
This suggestion was expressed by a majority of the people of Bela-Bela, Mopani and Vhembe districts in Limpopo during the committee’s public hearings on the Bill.
They welcomed the Bill and said that money will be needed for the provision of training to all newly established community-based fire protection associations (FPAs) in order for them to be able to fight the fire when it breaks.
In Waterberg District, the majority of residents who participated in the public hearings called for the inclusion of community property associations as additional legal entities that should join FPAs.
The Bill in its current form proposes that only the owner in respect of state land, including state-owned enterprises, public entities or an organ of state must join a registered FPA in the area in which the land is situated. It further proposes that this should happen within a year after enactment into law by the President.
In Mopani District, most residents complained about people who dispose used diapers in the forest, saying that this practice pollutes the environment and negatively impact on the ecosystem.
In Vhembe District, the committee heard that the Bill is good in its current form as it seeks to resuscitate what was a normal practice in the past, in which traditional leaders used to work with rangers to hold accountable those who start veld fires.
The committee has concluded its three-day public hearings programme in Limpopo and will proceed to Gauteng in the next two weeks.
The committee Cahirperson, Ms Faith Muthambi, said that the committee is not in a position to comment on the public’s inputs until public hearings are concluded in all the nine provinces.
“At the moment we are focused on soliciting and consolidating inputs from memebers of the public and, when we are done, we will sit as the committee to consider and delibarete on all the inputs,” said Ms Muthambi.Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Republic of South Africa: The Parliament.


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Book 6, SCVC Taskforce - SCVC Taskforce Romantic Suspense Series
This book can be downloaded and read in iBooks on your Mac or iOS device.
**For fans of the SCVC Taskforce series! Mitch’s story is finally here!
**A portion of the proceeds of this story will go to dog rescue organizations! Sign up for my newsletter at email@example.com or follow my Facebook Author page (https://www.facebook.com/AuthorMistyEvans) to track how much we raise!
A wildfire out of control…
His twin brother is dead and the only way National Intelligence officer, Mitch Holden, is going to make it through the holidays is by staying focused on his latest SCVC Taskforce investigation—catching a homegrown terrorist with a penchant for arson. The terrorist has started a wildfire eating up thousands of acres of forest and putting dozens of people in danger. When Mitch is pulled off that assignment to play bodyguard to a sexy forensic psychologist who sees past all his defenses, he ends up in the middle of a personal wildfire that’s as out of control as the one burning around the two of them.
A killer on the loose…
The trial that should have made her career cost Dr. Emma Collins everything—her home, her future, the baby that was growing inside her after she testified against famous actor Chris Goodsman, debunking his insanity defense and sending him to prison for murder. Rebuilding her life in the aftermath, Emma now rescues horses, dogs, and juvenile delinquents, and there’s no way she’s heading to a safe house because Chris Goodsman has escaped. She refuses to let anyone terrorize her or destroy her life again. But when a smart-talking, irresistible federal agent shows up insisting he has to protect her, she realizes her new bodyguard needs a bit of therapy. Good thing taking in lost causes happens to be her specialty.
Two people filled with grief may get burned…
Trapped at the ranch by the wildfire, Mitch and Emma explore a searing attraction, but soon discover they’re not alone. A killer has joined them—one who will do anything to get revenge and isn’t afraid to take out anyone who gets in his way.
Other books in the series include:
Deadly Pursuit featuring Cooper & Celina
Deadly Deception featuring Thomas & Ronni
Deadly Force featuring Cal & Bianca (their story continues in the Fatal Series!)
Deadly Intent featuring Nelson & Sophia
Deadly Affair – A SCVC Taskforce Worlds Novella featuring Cooper & Celina
Deadly Affair highly recommended.
This book was a short sweet story. It only took a couple hours to read but it was jam packed with mystery and intrigue and of course romance. I highly recommend this book. Loved it.
Deadly Affair was Amazing!
This was the first book in this series I read. It was an easy read and hard to put down. It definitely kept me wanting to read more. From the story plot to the characters, Deadly Affair was an excellent read. As Cooper and Celina were taking you one way, all of a sudden things would go a different way. Such as in life. They kept me on my toes, not knowing what was going to happen and hoping that it would end as a love story... The story flowed smoothly from one point to the next. Even when things would take a change there was no disappointment as the next adventure was as enticing as the one before! Anxious to read more of the series! ❤
The weekend everything was supposed to go right...
...was the weekend everything went wrong. Cooper (leader of DEA task force) and his girlfriend Celina (forensic photographer) head out of town for a romantic weekend. Both have a burning secret to tell the other. His is a tiny diamond ring in his pocket. Hers is the tiny baby in her belly. But when a body shows up close to the hotel they are staying at, everything takes a back seat. Great short story. Loved how you could relate to the characters. Part of a series but stand alone novel. Totally worth the read!

domain: literature


Choosing the right totally free VPN is critical to safeguarding your level of privacy online. Make sure to look for a system with spotless privateness practices and a history that avoids questionable behavior. It is also a good idea to choose one that is founded outside of the Fourteen Eye Alliance and has reliable encryption. As well, make webskillspro.net/board-software-comparison-for-better-understanding sure the service does not limit your details and has a solid wipe out switch. Finally, make sure it provides a large amount of totally free data (most on this list offer by least 10 GB/month) and supports torrenting.
There are plenty of free VPN options, but many of these have limitations that can make your web experience aggravating and hazardous. For example , a lot of free VPNs collect individual data to sell off online, and other wines bombard users with obnoxious ads. The very best free VPNs are ones that agree to strict level of privacy policies and also have simple, efficient apps.
The most notable rated free of charge VPN companies use robust encryption and also have strong secureness features to ensure that your data is safe when using their servers. They likewise have extensive machine lists and work with well-known streaming systems. Some even let you bypass Netflix’s geo-restrictions. The best totally free VPNs in addition have a robust destroy switch and support torrenting. Finally, they have to have a responsive customer program and a clean, straightforward interface. A free trial is an excellent way to try a service prior to paying for a subscription. It is vital to note that a free VPN will routinely have limited features in order to bait users in to upgrading to a premium rendition.


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As a child I was already attracted to Africa. It started at school, I had several Congolese girlfriends.
My wish to have children was not concluded with two children of my own and my husband and I adopted two more African children.
Now my family was complete!
The longer the more I came into contact with Africa. On the one hand, I was forced to find out how best to take care of African hair. On the other hand, I think it is only normal that my two African children know their roots. That is why we eat African food every week, go to African parties and have also been to Africa on vacation several times.
My children grew up and I felt like doing something else professionally. And what could be better than being able to combine your hobby with your work. In 1989 I started Voodoo. A few years later I felt that there was a need for an Afro hair salon, which I started in 1990.
In the beginning, that was certainly a sense of what was good in the market.
I have tried different things, for example clothing, Dutch wax, African art, …
Now I have come to a balance between my afro hair salon and African shop.
I work in it daily and I enjoy doing it! I have a very varied audience and I find that so fascinating.
Location / Contacts
- Monday Open all day
- Tuesday Open all day
- Wednesday Open all day
- Thursday Open all day
- Friday Open all day
- Saturday Open all day
- Sunday Open all day

domain: sociology


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Swan Falls offers many places to explore along the south side of the Snake River. No matter which designated campsite you choose to post up at, you’re sure to get outstanding canyon views. Be sure to bring your fishing rod (and fishing license) on this particular hike, smallmouth bass can be found in the calmer waters along the banks of the river. The surrounding area is a combination of old jeep paths and foot trails that are easy to navigate. Bird watching is spectacular – many birds of prey such as owls, hawks, osprey, eagles, and falcons nest along this stretch of the Snake River.
Things To Know
- Day-use picnic shelter (Reserve Your Spot – Fees Apply)
- Garbage service
- Accessible restroom facilities
- Fishing docks
- Interpretive signs
- Below the dam is a ramp for whitewater boater access to the river.
- New equestrian facility
- Five designated campsites upriver of the dam
Adventure In Your Inbox
Want more Hiking & Backpacking adventures like this delivered straight to your inbox? Sign up below for new adventures monthly.


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Patna: Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar and his 4 secretaries on Saturday (July 4, 2020) underwent COVID-19 exams as he not too long ago attended an occasion with Bihar Legislative Council Chairperson Awadhesh Narayan Singh, who has examined constructive for coronavirus.
“CM has directed all officers who came in close contact with him to also undergo testing,” mentioned Bihar CM’s Office.
Earlier on Saturday, Bihar Legislative Council Awadhesh Narayan Singh examined constructive for COVID-19.
He administered the oath to 9 newly-elected members of the Legislative Council on July 1, the place CM Nitish Kumar was additionally current.
Deputy CM Sushil Kumar Modi together with different political leaders and officers additionally attended the oath-taking ceremony.
According to the Union Health Ministry on Saturday, Bihar has a complete of 10,954 COVID-19 confirmed circumstances, out of which 2,660 are nonetheless lively, whereas 80 individuals have succumbed to the virus.


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Desi girl Priyanka Chopra is impressing the international audience with her charm and her list of achievements is going on and on! The diva bagged a meaty role in Hollywood series Quantico and she is geared up for her debut Hollywood flick Baywatch. Now, the latest report revealed that Priyanka Chopra will soon appear on Jimmy Fallon’s chat show.
Priyanka will add some desi tadka by appearing on the show, Fallon Tonight on March 3. Priyanka is the first Bollywood star appearing on this show. The other eminent Hollywood personas appeared on this include Jennifer Lopez, Penelope Cruz, Martin Scorcese, Ryan Reynolds, Ben Stiller.

domain: entertainment


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Have you always wanted to make ice cream but weren’t sure where to start? Has the process of creating desserts seemed too complicated for you? Let Ice cream cone cupcakes candy solve those problems for you!
You can make your ice cream with as many colors and flavors as you want. But don’t forget you have the cone that complements the ice cream! Put the two desserts together to create a tasty dessert that will get you drooling with anticipation.
Purchase your ingredients to create the foundation of your dessert mixture. Even the ice cream cones will be made from scratch to help you appreciate it. Thanks to a waffle iron, you can craft several cones to match the ice cream you are making.
The best part is that none of this makes a mess in the kitchen. You go through each step properly, as if you were working in an actual kitchen. No need to worry about mistakes or failing, because there is good guidance making sure everything is fine.
Once your cones have properly settled, you can place your ice cream on top of the cone and decorate it after it sets. Add fruits or sprinkles to complement your ice cream mixture, giving you plenty of variety even if it doesn’t look special.
Here are the features of the game:
- Buy your ingredients to make the perfect ice cream and cone.
- Go through all the preparation and cooking as if you were in an actual kitchen.
- Create your cone and put in as much care as if it was a separate dessert.
- Combine your ice cream and cone together to finish your dessert.
- Decorate your finished dessert to give it that extra unique touch.


Broader Policy and Program Environment: a context
This Report outlines the broader Australian Government policy and program directions in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and how the Healthy for Life program sits within them.
Positioning Healthy for Life in the broader policy and program environment: A Context, 2005
Table of Contents
- The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health context
- Department of Health and Ageing and Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health policy context
- The whole-of-government approach to Indigenous Affairs
- Policy and program precursors to Healthy for Life
- Broader context in child and maternal health and chronic disease policy
- A population health approach
- A quality improvement approach
In the 2005-06 Budget, the Australian Government announced a new Healthy for Life program. Healthy for Life provides $102.4 million over four years to improve the health of Indigenous mothers, babies and children, improve the early detection and management of chronic disease and, over time, reduce the incidence of adult chronic disease. Healthy for Life takes a quality improvement and population health approach to support the achievement of these objectives.
Healthy for Life is focussed on primary health care services that deliver health care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Healthy for Life will sit within, and align with, the broader context of child and maternal health and chronic disease initiatives and activities, both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander specific and mainstream. Healthy for Life will also align with broader Australian Government arrangements for Indigenous Affairs.
The purpose of this context paper is to describe how Healthy for Life sits within the broader Australian Government policy and program directions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and the whole-of-government Indigenous Affairs arrangements.
2. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health context
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience higher rates of maternal mortality, poorer pregnancy outcomes and higher levels of neonatal and infant mortality than other Australians.1 A higher incidence of low birth weight, combined with other early life risk factors, predisposes Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to poorer adult health outcomes. High rates of chronic disease and their predisposing risk factors also occur in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations.2 Many of the pathways to poor health outcomes provide opportunities for early intervention, and evidence exists for the effectiveness of specific interventions in improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples health outcomes. Healthy for Life targets child and maternal health and chronic disease because of the high burden of disease in these areas, and because there is evidence that interventions in these areas will make a difference to health outcomes.
The National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health 2 (‘NSF’), developed by the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council, sets the framework for action by governments in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health for the period 2003-2013. The NSF also outlines nine key result areas for action in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, inclusive of child and maternal health and chronic disease. Healthy for Life aligns with the principles and priorities of the NSF.
3. Department of Health and Ageing and Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health policy context
The Australian Government Health Portfolio’s Outcome 7, Improved health status for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, is managed within the Department of Health and Ageing by the Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (OATSIH).3 All programs within the department have a responsibility to meet the specific needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.
The department pursues a three-pronged approach to achieving sustainable gains in health status for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people that aims to:
- improve the responsiveness of the mainstream health system;
- provide complementary action through Indigenous-specific health programs; and
- work collaboratively across governments and the health sector to improve service delivery and outcomes.
The long-term strategy of OATSIH is to improve the access of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to comprehensive primary health care services. The aim is to provide coordinated clinical care and population health and health promotion activities to facilitate illness prevention, early intervention and effective disease management. The Australian Government has a commitment to collaboration amongst Indigenous communities, mainstream health providers and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to achieve better health outcomes. Under the whole-of-government arrangements for Indigenous Affairs, collaboration with other agencies, including education, science and training, family and community services, as well as with State and Territory governments, local government and communities, is a high priority.
Healthy for Life has been developed in the context of the approaches and directions of the Department of Health and Ageing in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health.
4. The whole-of-government approach to Indigenous Affairs
Improved coordination and accountability of Indigenous-specific and mainstream policy and programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians has been identified as a key objective of the whole-of-government Indigenous Affairs arrangements. The Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination (OIPC) in the Australian Government Department of Family, Community and Indigenous Affairs is coordinating a whole-of-government approach to programs and services for Indigenous Australians.4
Early childhood is identified as one of three key priority areas under the whole-of-government arrangements. The Early Childhood Interventions Working Group of the Secretaries’ Group on Indigenous Affairs was established in early July 2004 to provide strategic and cohesive advice to Secretaries and the Ministerial Taskforce on Indigenous Affairs on innovative ways to address the early childhood needs of Indigenous Australians. Under this initiative, various policy and program options are being explored for implementation from 2005-06.
The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) is the peak inter-governmental forum in Australia, comprising the Prime Minister, State Premiers, Territory Chief Ministers and the President of the Australian Local Government Association (ALGA).5 COAG has agreed to a National Framework of Principles for Delivering Services to Indigenous Australians.6 The principles of this framework address sharing responsibility, harnessing the mainstream, streamlining service delivery, establishing transparency and accountability, developing a learning framework and focussing on priority areas.
COAG priority areas include early childhood development and growth, early school engagement and performance, positive childhood and transition to adulthood and substance use and misuse. COAG has also committed to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participation at all levels and a willingness to engage with representatives, adopting flexible approaches and providing adequate resources to support capacity at the local and regional levels. Healthy for Life aligns with the principles, priority areas and intent of the COAG commitments.
5. Policy and program precursors to Healthy for Life
A number of activities funded by OATSIH provided information and examples of best practice which contributed to the development of Healthy for Life. These included the Continuous Improvement Projects for the Early Detection and Management of Chronic Disease, the Child and Maternal Health Exemplar Site Initiative and the development of Improving health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers, babies and young children: A literature review. The broader policy environment as described in this paper and internal policy work also contributed to the development of Healthy for Life.
5.1 Continuous Improvement Projects (CIPs)
In 2003-05 the department provided support to 14 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care services to refine their approaches to the early detection and management of preventable chronic disease. The CIPs aimed to improve clinical organisation and systems, through a continuous improvement approach, to deliver improvements in clinical processes and intermediate health outcomes. The CIPs model used facilitators to provide support and guidance to services to undertake continuous improvement activities. CIPs workshops were also held to share information and learnings in continuous quality improvement and chronic disease in primary health care settings. Components of the CIPs, such as the use of facilitators and workshops, have been retained in Healthy for Life.
5.2 Child and Maternal Health Exemplar Sites
A Child and Maternal Health Exemplar Site is an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service selected as a 'best practice' site in the regional delivery of child and maternal health services in a comprehensive primary health care setting. The primary purpose of the Child and Maternal Health Exemplar Site Initiative was to establish a service level mechanism to inform national, regional and local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child and maternal health policy and program development. Learnings from the Child and Maternal Health Exemplar Sites have been incorporated into the supporting material for Healthy for Life.
5.3 Literature review
Improving health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers, babies and young children: A literature review was published in 2005.7 The review was conducted to collate information on interventions which have been shown to improve health outcomes or intermediate health measures in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers, babies and young children. It describes interventions in antenatal and mother/baby programs; nutrition and growth; infectious diseases; and housing and environment. The review also notes the limited amount of high quality information available in the area of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child and maternal health.
6. Broader context in child and maternal health and chronic disease policy
A number of national mainstream and Indigenous-specific initiatives exist or are emerging that align with the objectives of OATSIH in relation to Australian Government Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander child and maternal health and chronic disease policy development. These include:
- The National Agenda for Early Childhood (Australian Government Taskforce for Child Development, Health and Wellbeing)
- National Strategic Framework for Child Public Health (National Public Health Partnership’s Child and Youth Inter-governmental Partnership)
- The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nutrition Strategy and Action Plan (National Public Health Partnership’s Strategic Inter-governmental Nutrition Alliance)
- Healthy Horizons: Outlook 2003-2007. A framework for improving the health of Rural, Regional and Remote Australia
- The Department of Health and Ageing National Child Nutrition Program
- The Rio Tinto Aboriginal Health Partnership
- Research initiatives, including the work of Cooperative Research Centre for Aboriginal Health, National Medical Health and Research Council, Kulunga Research Network, Institute for Child Health Research, and the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children
- The National Health Priority Areas Initiative
- The National Chronic Disease Strategy
- The National Diabetes Strategy
- The National Strategy for Heart, Stroke and Vascular Health in Australia
- Healthy Weight 2008: Australia’s Future. The National Action Agenda for Children and Young People and Their Families (National Obesity Taskforce)
- The Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol and Physical Activity (SNAP) Framework for GPs
- The National Tobacco Strategy 1999 to 2002-03 : A Framework for Action
- The National Strategic Improvement Frameworks.
Healthy for Life complements these initiatives, focussing specifically on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care settings.
State and territory governments carry responsibility for a significant proportion of service delivery aspects of child and maternal health and chronic disease management, including, but not limited to, birthing services, community based primary health care, food and nutrition, immunisation and sexual health. Healthy for Life will coordinate with state and territory activities to increase effective service provision to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.
7. A population health approach
Healthy for Life takes a population health approach to improving health outcomes. In this context population health is defined as an organised response to protect and promote health, and to improve health outcomes of the service population. Within Healthy for Life this approach is particularly intended to emphasise the need to assess health impacts and outcomes for specific population groups within the clients of a service, and to plan service improvements which will impact on these outcomes. Evidence based interventions, data collection and evaluation are important components of this approach. The population health approach also includes disease prevention and health promotion, and acknowledges social and environmental determinants of health.
8. A quality improvement approach
There has been an increasing focus on quality improvement in the health care sector, starting with tertiary institutions and extending to primary care. The quality improvement approach is intended to improve effectiveness, efficiency, acceptability, access, appropriateness and safety of health care services. The aim of this model is to increase the likelihood that health services for individuals and populations are functioning consistent with current knowledge of best practice and are achieving the desired health outcomes.
Many aspects of health service functioning and government funding are aimed at improving quality. These include procedures and protocols consistent with best practice clinical guidelines, accreditation, compliance with standards, audit and feedback cycles, continuing professional development, staff training, adverse incident review mechanisms and electronic patient information and recall systems.
Healthy for Life uses the PDSA cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act) approach to continuous quality improvement and service development. This model allows health services to assess their present service delivery, plan changes, implement changes and then reassess their progress. This cycle allows ongoing improvements over time, with the ultimate aim of improving health outcomes for clients. The model also allows for improvements to specifically meet the needs identified by individual services and can be directed at improving the priority health outcomes for those services.
Quality improvement initiatives that have informed Healthy for Life include:
- The National Primary Care Collaboratives8;
- The Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Quality Improvement Initiative; and
- The Menzies School of Health Research Audit and Best Practice for Chronic Diseases - the ABCD Project.
Healthy for Life has been developed within the broader environment of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, whole-of-government Indigenous Affairs arrangements, and policy/program development in child and maternal health and chronic disease management. Healthy for Life also had some specific precursors in the Continuous Improvement Projects and the Child and Maternal Health Exemplar sites.
Healthy for Life was designed to complement and build on this broader context, focussing on primary health care services. It is intended that the lessons from other programs will benefit Healthy for Life, and that Healthy for Life will fill a gap that has not been met by other programs.
Healthy for Life uses population health approaches and quality improvement processes and tools in its design, providing a targeted boost to service delivery in the areas of child and maternal health and chronic disease. The development of Healthy for Life has benefited from the broader context described in this paper, and over time should result in improved health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
1 Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. 4th ed. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2003. Available at: http://www.aihw.gov.au/ publications/index.cfm/title/9226
2 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Council. National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health 2003-2013, Framework for Action by Governments. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2004. Available at: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-oatsih-imp07-13
3 More information on OATSIH can be found at: http://www.health.gov.au/indigenous
4 More information on COAG can be found at: http://coag.gov.au/index.htm
5 Available at: http://coag.gov.au/meetings/250604/index.htm#attachments
6 Herceg A. Improving health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers, babies and young children: A literature review . Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2005.
7 For more information on the Australian Primary Care Collaboratives see: http://www.apcc.com.au
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The Polar Tourism Guides Association (PTGA) is picking up more cruise line clients and individual veteran expedition team members looking for assessor training. “The main guts of it is that we are a third-party vetting association,” said Graham Charles, president. (cruiseindustrynews.com)
Antarctica21, a leader in the air-cruise model to Antarctica, is set to offer travelers a rare chance to visit Cape Horn, the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia in late September and October, when the austral spring brings a sense of renewal, as the cycle of life begins once again.
The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators has announced robust new restrictionson commercial drone use in Antarctica. The constraints, voted in at IAATO’s annual meeting in Cape Town, South Africa (April 30 –May 3), mean those using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for commercial purposes on IAATO vessels will have new restrictions limiting piloting opportunities.
The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) has pledged to turn the tide on plastics with new guidelines set to reduce single-use plastic use among visitors to the white continent.
Pioneering expedition cruise company Heritage Expeditions is returning to East Antarctica with a visit to Mawson’s Hut planned for Christmas Day during its 25-day voyage ‘In the Wake of Mawson’ following the historic region’s first ice free summer in eight years.
With a shared common vision in premium experiences and responsible travel, PONANT and National Geographic Expeditions offer an extensive range of expedition cruises throughout the world. Their unique itineraries allow guests to experience some of the most remote places on the planet, with a focus on respecting the cultures, environment and marine life of the places visited.
The International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) is redeveloping its ship scheduling process, as part of its commitment to ‘leave only footprints’ through the effective self-management of guest activities.
Antarctica21, the world’s first air-cruise to Antarctica
Antarctica21, a leader in the air-cruise model to Antarctica, announces its new 2020/2021 expedition schedule with 40 air-cruises this season. Joining the company’s fleet of expedition vessels and aircraft, the new M/V Magellan Explorer will make its maiden voyage on November 28, 2019.
Antarctica is a vast, unspoilt, fascinating continent with landscapes of huge icebergs, snow-covered mountains and sea ice that is home to exceptional wildlife. You can discover this magic region for yourself on an all-inclusive(1) expedition cruise with PONANT and National Geographic.
Antarctica21’s Magellan Explorer Launched (Credit: Carlos Kuschel)
Antarctica21 has announced its 2020-2021 expedition schedule with 40 air-cruises season. Joining the company’s fleet of expedition vessels and aircraft, the new Magellan Explorer will make its maiden voyage on November 28, 2019. (cruiseindustrynews.com)
The end of the 2018-19 Antarctic season saw One Ocean Expeditions (OOE) welcome the first group of agents participating in the new OOE Agent Certified FAM Programme. Agents from around the world including the UK, Europe, North America, Australia and China joined OOE hosts for a 10-night voyage to the Antarctic Peninsula on board RCGS Resolute.
With the final voyage of the 2018-2019 Antarctic expedition cruise season complete, One Ocean Expeditions (OOE) reflects on an exceptional season that took passengers to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia, the Falkland Islands and beyond the Antarctic Circle, witnessing incredible wildlife, interacting with special guests and learning from OOE’s team of educators and experienced polar expedition guides.
Ahead of Seatrade Cruise Global in Miami next week, Marlink (booth #2108) reports that the expedition cruise market is in full-on growth mode in terms of demand for connectivity in the most remote corners of the planet.
Lindblad Expeditions-National Geographic has announced the addition of an Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falklands departure. The new voyage will depart on November 19, 2019. The company said their other three 2019-2020 departures are nearly sold out and they have re-routed the 102-guest National Geographic Orion for a fourth departure.


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This is a new vet for our family. The few times I've called they have been so helpful. The vet helped us with our dog and helped him get better.
Quick, quality care with reasonable prices. Many vets seem to be raising prices simply because they can, but I don't feel that way with Veterinary Medical Associates.
Dr Katie and her staff are wonderful. Every interaction is filled with kindness, respect and knowledge. They all strive to keep their patients calm for a low stress visit. I would recommend them to anyone.

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Pollen carbon dating
The data include geophysical or biological measurement time series and some reconstructed climate variables such as temperature and precipitation.NCEI provides the paleoclimatology data and information scientists need to understand natural climate variability and future climate change.First demonstrated in the 2010s, significant numbers are now being deployed in tropical coastal areas, where conditions are ideal for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC).Each island is hexagonal in shape and interlocked with other islands, forming artificial archipelagos.
These islands also feature housing developments, fish farms, greenhouses and eco-tourism complexes, in addition to the water and power production facilities. Deep ocean mining operations are widespread Exploitation of the ocean for its resources had for centuries been confined to fishing and coastal developments.India's currency, the rupee, is now challenging the renminbi as the world's strongest.Due to its global influence and military capabilities, India has also gained a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.One strategy being used to alleviate this crisis involves compact, floating "energy islands".
These combine offshore power generation with desalination plants.By comparison, China's average age is 46 and its working population has been declining.* Expansion and development of India's service sector – adding greatly to the global knowledge-based economy – has occurred in parallel with a slowdown in China's growth as its economy matures.


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Battle of Kettle Creek: American Militia Defeat Tory Force
"Engagement Between the Whigs [Patriots] and Tories [Loyalists]"
Author and date of production unknown
Courtesy of www.georgiaencyclopedia.org
(Unless otherwise indicated, all illustrations are from Wikipedia)
Today in Military History: February 14, 1779
The American War of Independence (1775-1783) provides the setting for today's battle narrative. Nearly all students of history know of the battles in the northern colonies. But, the battles for control of the southern states were just as important, and in some cases, just as brutal. This conflict took place in the backwoods of Georgia, but involved American militia unites from nearby North and South Carolina.
From the beginning of the American Revolution, colonists joined together to form militia companies to defend their homes against the "King's troops." Many of these militia units knew little of formations and the "proper" way to load and fire their weapons in volleys, and the like. Eventually, with the influence of European-trained officers, American forces began to stand toe-to-toe with the British regulars.
However, in some areas of the colonies, the militia companies were the norm rather than the exception. The southern colonies – particularly Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina – the terrain was not conducive to the formation of regular forces. In addition, there were a much higher percentage of people who supported the British Crown against the rebellious Americans. Consequently, the American Revolution in the South was a much more personal and acrimonious conflict. Divided loyalties tore many a family apart.
The last major battle fought in the north took place in June of 1778, when Washington's army attacked the rearguard of a British army which was pulling back to New York City at the battle of Monmouth. New York was still in British control, but was being threatened by French naval forces. One year earlier, a major British setback occurred at the battle of Saratoga, in which a major English army was surrendered to the Americans.
King George III was unwilling to officially recognize American independence. He supported a policy of bombarding, attacking, and holding major colonial ports; inciting Native American tribes to attack frontier settlements; and encouraging the recruitment of Loyalists (also called Tories) to oppose the independence movement. Much of this was included in what came to be known as the "southern strategy."
The British began their southern strategy by sending expeditions from New York City and Saint Augustine, East Florida, to capture Savannah, Georgia late in 1778. The New York expedition, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell, arrived first, and successfully captured the town on December 29, 1778. When British Brigadier General Augustine Prevost arrived from Saint Augustine in mid-January, he assumed command of the garrison there, and sent a force under Campbell to take control of Augusta and raise Loyalist forces
Archibald Campbell (1739-1791); Oil on canvas by George Romney (c 1792)
Archibald Campbell (1739-1791)
Oil on canvas by George Romney (c 1792)
Leaving Savannah on January 24, Campbell and more than 1,000 men arrived near Augusta a week later, with only minimal harassment from Georgia militia on the way. Augusta had been defended by South Carolina General Andrew Williamson leading about 1000 militia from Georgia and South Carolina, but he withdrew most of his men when the British approached. His rear guard skirmished briefly with Campbell's men before withdrawing across the Savannah River into South Carolina
Campbell immediately started recruiting Loyalists, signing up about 1100 men, but relatively few actually formed militia companies. Campbell then began requiring oaths of loyalty, on pain of forfeiture of property; many took this oath insincerely, quickly letting Williamson know their true feelings. Early in his march, Campbell dispatched Colonel John Boyd on an expedition to raise Loyalists in the backcountry of North and South Carolina. He met with success, and recruited several hundred men. As he traveled south back toward Augusta, more Loyalists joined his company, until it numbered over 600 men in central South Carolina. As this column moved on, the Tories plundered and pillaged along the way, predictably drawing angered colonists to take up arms.
The Continental Army commander in the south, Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, based in Charleston, South Carolina, had been unable to respond adequately to the capture of Savannah. With only limited Continental resources (he was short of both men and funds), he was able to raise about 1400 South Carolina militia, but did not have authorization to order them outside the state. On January 30 he was further reinforced at Charleston by the arrival of 1100 North Carolina militia under Gen. John Ashe. These he immediately dispatched to join Williamson on the South Carolina side of the Savannah River near Augusta.
The Georgia banks of the Savannah in the Augusta area were controlled by a Loyalist force led by Col. Daniel McGirth, while the South Carolina banks were controlled by Georgia militia led by Col. John Dooly. When about 250 South Carolina militia under Col. Andrew Pickens arrived in the area, Pickens and Dooly joined forces to conduct offensive operations into Georgia, with Pickens taking overall command.
Andrew Pickens (1739-1817)
Oil on canvas painting, author and date unknown
Current location in Fort Hill, Clemson SC
Prelude to the Battle
On February 10, Pickens and Dooly crossed the Savannah River to attack a British Army camp southeast of Augusta. However, they found the camp unoccupied, and learned that the company was out on an extended patrol. Suspecting they would head for a stockaded frontier post called Carr's Fort, Pickens sent men directly there while the main body chased after the British. The British made it into the fort, but were forced to abandon their horses and baggage outside its walls. Pickens then besieged the fort until he learned that Boyd was passing through the Ninety Six district of South Carolina with several hundred Loyalists, headed for Georgia. He reluctantly raised the siege and moved to intercept Boyd.
Pickens established a strong presence near the mouth of the Broad River, where he expected Boyd might try to cross. However, Boyd and his force, grown by then to 800 men, chose to skirt to the north. He first tried Cherokee Ford, where eight Patriots with small swivel guns in an entrenched position repulsed his approach. Boyd moved north about 5 miles and crossed the river there, skirmishing with a small Patriot force that had shadowed his movements on the Georgia side. Boyd reported losing 100 men (killed, wounded, or deserted) in the encounter.
By the time Pickens learned that Boyd had crossed the river, he and his militiamen had crossed into South Carolina in an attempt to intercept Boyd. He immediately returned to Georgia upon learning of Boyd's whereabouts. On the morning of Sunday, February 14 Pickens caught up with Boyd when he paused to rest his troops near Kettle Creek, only a few miles from Col. McGirth's Loyalist camp.
Col. Boyd and his Loyalist regiment from North and South Carolina were headed to nearby Wrightsborough, where another group of British soldiers were located. Exact figures for Boyd's force are sketchy, probably numbering between 600 and 700 effectives. There were reports that many of the Carolinians were coerced into joining, and many used their feet to make a statement about their participation. On the evening of February 13, Boyd and his Loyalist militiamen camped in the vicinity of a cowpen or small farm in a meadow atop a steep hill in a bend of swampy Kettle Creek. It was surrounded by swamp, canebrakes, and thick woods. Boyd knew he was being pursued, but not how closely. His camp was established on the western side of Kettle Creek.
The Patriot militiamen numbered somewhat more than 300 men – a figure of 340 has been used in several histories. Col. Pickens was the overall commander, with John Dooly and Elijah Clarke as his subordinates. They had been pursuing the Loyalist militia between South Carolina and Georgia for several days; Col. Pickens wanted to end the threat to Augusta quickly.
Battle of Kettle Creek
Pickens men began movement about 10:00 am, when they heard the sound of Loyalist drums in their camp. Pickens sent Dooly and Clarke, leading columns of about 100 men each, through the woods and swamps to assault the enemy camp on the flanks. Pickens directed his own men – about 140 men – up a narrow path to attack the cowpen atop the hill in the center. The six hundred or so Loyalists held a strong position on the east side of Kettle Creek.
Battle of Kettle Creek, map from 1926 book
Boyd had posted pickets outside his camp, but they were lax and allowed the Carolinians to get close to their position. Despite Pickens's orders, the foremost Patriot militiamen fired at the sentries. The sounds of shooting alerted Boyd to his danger.
Boyd organized a hasty defensive line near his camp, then chose 200 men to advance toward the sound of the firing. Boyd's men reached a location northeast of the camp where some of the Loyalist militiamen had found a cow to butcher for a meal. Afterwards, they bivouacked in the open, using a crude breastwork of fallen trees and rail fencing for protection in case of an attack. Boyd led his men to the barricade, and ambushed the approaching Patriots. A hot firefight ensued, pinning down the small American center.
In the meantime, the flanking movements under Cols. Dooley and Clarke were held up, first by the terrain and then by Loyalist attacks. Neither side used any real formations or tactics, mostly using cover and firing at exposed targets. [Dooly would later write that only the hand of Providence saved him, Clarke, and Pickens, as they all exposed themselves on horseback during the fight at Kettle Creek.]
Still, Pickens's usual good luck had held. Many of the Loyalists, having come along only under threats and intimidation, had already deserted before the battle began. Three of Dooly's rifle men found themselves behind the lines. Seeing a British officer giving orders, the men fired on him and mortally wounded the enemy commander, Boyd. When Boyd fell, many of his Loyalist militiamen fell back towards their camp, then crossed the creek to reform. At this point both Dooly and Clarke's men successfully emerged from the swamp and charged the disorganized Loyalists. Despite the efforts of their second in command Captain William Spurgin, most of the Tories fled. After a battle lasting, at most, two or three hours, the Patriot militia was victorious.
Considering the size of the two forces, casualties on both sides were light. The Loyalists, in addition to the death of their commander Col. Boyd, had between 40 and 70 killed and initially 75 men captured. Leaving the battlefield, some of the Loyalists made their way back to North and South Carolina, while others were captured by Pickens's militiamen. Casualties among the Americans totaled seven dead and fifteen wounded.
Footnote #1: Altogether, about 150 Tories were captured after the battle. The remaining men made their way to Col. Campbell. He reported 270 men joined his force, and they were formed into two regiments, the North Carolina Royal Volunteers, and the South Carolina Royal Volunteers. However, by the end of the summer of 1779, both regiments had dissolved due to desertion.
Footnote #2: According to accounts of the battle, Col. Pickens found the dying Col. Boyd in the fight's aftermath – apparently the men were acquainted prior to the war. Boyd requested that Pickens return a broach to his wife, and tell her about the circumstances of his death. By all accounts, Pickens did so.
Footnote #3: Andrew Pickens served in a number of military actions in the remainder of the American Revolution, most notably at the battle of the Cowpens (January 17, 1781). He would later serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. Fort Pickens in Alabama is named in his honor. He is the seven-times-great grandfather of former U.S. Senator and Presidential candidate John Edwards.
Footnote #4: The site of the Kettle Creek battle, which is located in Wilkes County, GA, is maintained by the Kettle Creek Battlefield Association, and Wilkes County. It has a number of monuments and markers commemorating the battle and the various participants.

domain: history