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New Rule Requires Equal Treatment For Mental Illness
By Kelly Kennedy and Aamer Madhani, USA TODAY November 8, 2013
Friday's announcement said insurers must charge similar co-payments and deductibles for mental and physical treatments.
- Rule follows passage of a 2008 law requiring parity
- Insurers may no longer limit certain types of mental health treatment
WASHINGTON — Five years after the passage of a groundbreaking law establishing equality between mental health care and other medical treatments, the Obama administration announced its final rule Friday defining how that treatment must be provided.
The rule requires insurers to charge similar co-payments for mental health treatment as they would for physical ailments. It also makes clear that deductible and visit limits are generally not more restrictive for mental health and substance abuse care.
"This final rule breaks down barriers that stand in the way of treatment and recovery services for millions of Americans," said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. "Building on these rules, the Affordable Care Act is expanding mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity protections to 62 million Americans. This historic expansion will help make treatment more affordable and accessible."
HHS says the rule also includes several other consumer protections, including ensuring that parity is applied to care received in residential treatment and intensive outpatient settings, and clarifying that parity applies to all health care plan standards, including geographic limits and facility-type limits.
About 26% of Americans 18 and older have a diagnosable mental disorder every year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.
"The rule will really dictate how parity gets implemented," said former representative Patrick Kennedy, who worked with his father, late senator Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, on the Mental Health Parity Act. "We need to, most importantly, have the attitudes in the right places that this is something that's really going to revolutionize care."
In 2008, Congress passed and President George W. Bush signed into law the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act, which demands that mental illnesses be treated the same as other illnesses. The argument: Those who have cancer are not denied care after 10 visits if they are not healthy; those with depression should also not be denied care if they are not healthy.
The announcement came as Sebelius attended a mental health conference at the Carter Center in Atlanta. Former first lady Rosalynn Carter has long been a proponent of mental health parity and was heavily involved in lobbying for the law.
The rule change announcement was made jointly by HHS and the Treasury Department.
"Americans deserve access to coverage for mental health and substance use disorders that is on par with medical and surgical care," said Treasury Secretary Jack Lew. "These rules mark an important step in ending the disparities that exist in insurance plans and will provide families nationwide with critical coverage and protections that fulfill their health needs."
Insurers, including the insurance industry trade group America's Health Insurance Plans, have argued that it's too difficult to compare physical illnesses to psychological illnesses in an apples-to-apples way, and they have insisted upon evidence-based guidelines. Mental health experts say they can do that.
The industry also has said the rules could cause premiums to go up. USA TODAY reported Wednesday that there may be an influx of young people diagnosed with mental health issues as they finally gain access to treatment.
However, Kennedy and other mental health experts said, catching those illnesses early may lead to lower costs in the long-term.
Kennedy, who suffers from mental illness, said he expects that the law will help employers save money, because workers will be more productive, and that young people dealing with depression or substance-abuse disorders may get the help they need to allow them to make them productive early-life career decisions.
Also, Kennedy said, improved mental health care will allow mentally ill people with other chronic issues to take better care of themselves.
"I don't think my liberal mind and bleeding heart will be the reason that this gets implemented," Kennedy told USA TODAY. "I believe it will be economics."
But he said everyone in the health system will need to change behaviors to make parity work. Primary-care physicians must ask questions to gain knowledge about a person's mental health, and then they must understand how to get that person further help. Mental health providers may need to start taking insurance to ensure people have access to care. And insurers will need to be transparent about mental health coverage.
"Doctors check cholesterol and blood pressure, but the notion that in this day and age, they ignore a check-up from the neck up that could make all the difference in all the rest of our health is hard to believe," Kennedy said. "We're still stuck in a time warp."
Administration Issues Final Mental Health And Substance Use Disorder Parity Rule
Final rules break down financial barriers and provide consumer protections
The Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor and the Treasury today jointly issued a final rule increasing parity between mental health/substance use disorder benefits and medical/surgical benefits in group and individual health plans.
The final rule issued today implements the Paul Wellstone and Pete Domenici Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, and ensures that health plans features like co-pays, deductibles and visit limits are generally not more restrictive for mental health/substance abuse disorders benefits than they are for medical/surgical benefits.
Today’s action also includes specific additional consumer protections, such as:
- Ensuring that parity applies to intermediate levels of care received in residential treatment or intensive outpatient settings;
- Clarifying the scope of the transparency required by health plans, including the disclosure rights of plan participants, to ensure compliance with the law;
- Clarifying that parity applies to all plan standards, including geographic limits, facility-type limits and network adequacy; and
- Eliminating the provision that allowed insurance companies to make an exception to parity requirements for certain benefits based on “clinically appropriate standards of care,” which clinical experts advised was not necessary and which is confusing and open to potential abuse.
By issuing this rule, the administration has now completed or made significant progress on all 23 executive actions included in the President and Vice President’s plan to reduce gun violence. An updated report summarizing the status of all 23 executive actions is available here:
In January, as part of the President and Vice President’s plan to reduce gun violence, the Administration committed to finalize this rule as part of a larger effort to increase access to affordable mental health services and reduce the misinformation associated with mental illness. As the President and Vice President have made clear, mental illness should no longer be treated by our society – or covered by insurance companies – differently from other illnesses.
The Affordable Care Act builds on the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act and requires coverage of mental health and substance use disorder services as one of ten essential health benefits categories. Under the essential health benefits rule, individual and small group health plans are required to comply with these parity regulations.
“This final rule breaks down barriers that stand in the way of treatment and recovery services for millions of Americans,” said Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. “Building on these rules, the Affordable Care Act is expanding mental health and substance use disorder benefits and parity protections to 62 million Americans. This historic expansion will help make treatment more affordable and accessible.”
“Americans deserve access to coverage for mental health and substance use disorders that is on par with medical and surgical care,” said Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew. “These rules mark an important step in ending the disparities that exist in insurance plans, and will provide families nationwide with critical coverage and protections that fulfill their health needs.”
“New efforts are underway to expand coverage to the millions of Americans who have lacked access to affordable treatment for mental and substance use disorders,” said Labor Secretary Thomas E. Perez. “These rules will increase access to mental health and substance abuse treatment, prohibit discriminatory practices, and increase health plan transparency. Ultimately, they’ll provide greater opportunities for affordable, accessible, effective treatment to Americans who need it.”
The final Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act rule was developed based on the departments' review of more than 5,400 public comments on the interim final rules issued in 2010.
The final rules may be viewed at https://www.federalregister.gov.
A fact sheet on the rules is available here: http://cms.hhs.gov/CCIIO/Programs-and-Initiatives/Other-Insurance-Protections/mhpaea_factsheet.html.


The U.S. Thursday blacklisted senior Syrian regime officials and leaders of several military units as Washington continues to impose sanctions aimed at cutting off funds for the Bashar Assad regime.
The Treasury said in a statement it imposed sanctions on Luna Al Shibl, Assad’s top press officer, and Mohamad Ammar Saati bin Mohamad Nawzad, a prominent member of the Syrian Baath Party.
The U.S. State Department on Thursday also imposed sanctions on the leadership of several Syrian regime military units, including National Defense Forces commander Fadi Saqr, over their efforts to prevent a ceasefire, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said in a statement.
"The United States and its allies are united in continuing to apply pressure on Assad and his enablers until there is peaceful, political solution to the conflict. Assad and his foreign patrons know the clock is ticking for action," Pompeo said.
"The United States will continue to impose costs on anyone, anywhere who obstructs a peaceful political solution to the Syrian conflict," he added.
Thursday's move freezes any U.S. assets of those blacklisted and generally bars Americans from dealing with them.
“We will continue pressure against the Assad regime to compel it to end its attacks against the Syrian people,” Pompeo said, adding that the sanctions were timed to coincide with the seventh anniversary of the Assad regime's chemical weapons attack in Ghouta that killed more than 1,400 Syrians.
In June, the Trump administration increased pressure on Assad, his wife Asma and his inner circle with new economic and travel penalties for human rights abuses and blocking a settlement of the country’s bloody nine-year conflict. Last month, the State Department imposed sanctions on Assad’s eldest son, Hafez.
The State Department also has designated sanctions on 39 Syrian individuals, including the Assads, as well as members of their extended family, military leaders and business executives. Many were already subject to U.S. sanctions, but the penalties now also targeted non-Syrians who do business with them.
Separately, the Treasury Department imposed penalties on 24 individuals, companies and government agencies that the U.S. accuses of supporting Assad's corrupt reconstruction efforts.
The Treasury sanctions are the result of legislation known as the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act, named after the pseudonym of a Syrian policeman who turned over photographs of thousands of victims of torture by the Assad regime.


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Recently we've been talking a lot about the Pill and human contraception in general. When we discussed the effects of the progesterone levels and a other few sides effects, I was surprised. I didn't know any of these side effects and was surprised how little I truly knew about the Pill. When researching for this post I decided to focus on side effects of the Pill that people may not know about. Since the Pill is one of the most studied prescriptions that a physician can prescribe, I think that there really is no excuse for my previous ignorance.
Women's Health Magazine recently did an article on the surprising effects of the Pill. First of all, there was apparently a common misconception that the Pill increases cancer risk. This is not true; the Pill actually dramatically reduces the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer by 80% in women who take it for at least 10 years. The Pill also does not make you gain weight. Instead, it affects the body composition by making it harder to build lean muscle and lowering levels of muscle-building hormones and increasing the levels of hormones that break down muscle tissue. The Pill also stabilizes hormone levels, which reduces mood swings for most, not increases them. In some people though, the Pill can be a depressant. Pill users are twice as likely to be depressed as nonusers. WebMD also has a thorough article on the Pill detailing any questions that people may have, possible side effects, and common misconceptions about the Pill.
With all the information about the Pill and its side effects available online, it really is embarrassing that I didn't know any of this. That is the same with all prescriptions though. In this day and age, so much information is available for free online. People should be much better informed and know exactly what they're taking.
Women's Health Magazine article: http://www.womenshealthmag.com/health/birth-control-side-effects?cat=16350&tip=16349

domain: medical


When safety authorities are asked what the greatest leap ahead in surveillance technologies has been in the earlier 10 years several don’t talk about resolution or wireless sign transmission.
They point out movement detection recording.
What Is Movement Detection Recording?
Spy cameras are products that are used to keep an eye on more than places in which a single are not able to be physically existing. They are great gadgets for surveillance, and with this detection technology, they have become a lot better.
Essentially, this detection spy cameras are individuals which are activated (i.E. Set into recording method) only when there is some variety of exercise or motion in their assortment. They remain inactive normally. When there is some motion, a sensor constructed inside the digicam picks up the modify in the environment and this triggers the cameras to begin recording. Thus, movement detection cameras file only when there is motion inside of their range, which helps make them significantly effective surveillance units.
The place Is this Detection Recording Valuable?
Movement detection recording is advantageous in different areas.
*This type of recording can be a helpful appendage to a newborn’s cradle. The detector will commence recording as quickly as the infant stirs or wakes up from rest. This offers parents peace of thoughts as they can figure out precisely what their toddler is up to.
* This detection recording is being employed in residences appropriate now for evening surveillance. These cameras are set up at the entrance and back again doors of the residences to locate out if there is any sort of movement.
* Family members also use motion detection recording for their homes when they go on holiday. These sensors select up any movement at any of the entry and exit details of the homes in their absence.
* Retailers, offices and other professional places uncover movement detection cameras valuable to run a small but effective protection employees. Primarily the detection camera allows security guards to focus on the areas where anything is really taking place.
The best use of detection recording spy cameras is during the night or when individuals are somewhere else on getaway, i.E. When almost everything is intended to be tranquil. At Black Cube of moments, even if there is a slight movement, it is picked up by the sensors.
Fees of Movement Detection Cameras
Since motion detection is effectively a new trait in spy cameras you must anticipate to shell out more for them.
These cameras could price a couple of hundred dollars, and may go up to US four hundred, based on their characteristics and specs.
Legalities of Using Movement Detection Cameras
The use of movement detection cameras is subject to the same rules that use to other spy cameras.
Privacy problems exist. You require to examine out no matter whether it is legal to use a spy digital camera in your area for the purpose you want. Generally, retailers and other professional areas that put in this detection cameras have to put up a board that warns staff that the area is beneath electronic surveillance.
Motion detection cameras could be a lot more expensive, but they can find the money for you a excellent amount of psychological peace when they are in motion.


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While UK retail enjoyed a third consecutive month of rising year on year sales in July, growth was much slower than expected at 11 per cent.
As we move into August, retailers are predicting disappointingly flat sales.
"Retailers reported an annual rise in sales and orders for the third month in a row, but the increase was far slower than firms had anticipated," commented Judith McKenna, Chair of the CBI Distributive Trades Panel and Asda Chief Operating Officer.
"The unprecedented poor weather for the time of year did not help, but retailers also expect conditions to remain tough during August. With consumer confidence weak and wage growth remaining sluggish, the longer term outlook for retailers remains challenging."
While many had hoped the Olympics would provide a boost to retail activity, this has not appeared to be the case so far.
Want to receive up to the minute toy industry news straight to your inbox? Click here to sign up for the free ToyNews Daily Digest and Newsflash services. You can also follow ToyNews on Twitter and Facebook.

domain: news


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Chemical cleaning is a technique relevant in freeing walls and surfaces of numerous equipment, heat exchangers, pipelines, vessels and kettles from unwanted residues and bacterial contaminants. Additionally it is crucial in water purification, treatment, disinfection and conditioning. With varying techniques to its name, several industries take advantage of the procedure. |
The most crucial areas of chemical cleaning gear on providing environment-friendly options to consumers. Regardless of where it really is applied, the goal would be to primarily free the top from contaminants. Here are the various methods listed under this cleaning process.
Chlorine dioxide method
Biofilms and legionella are two of the very most common microbes that live in water. Biofilms are residences or havens for organisms that contaminate products in water solutions. Legionnaires disease is brought on by legionella or perhaps a Gram negative bacterium.
Using chlorine dioxide, the biofilm or legionella might be taken off water system. This is a favored technique since it has the ability to prevent future formation of contaminants plus it is also utilized in both cold and hot water systems. Chlorine is proven to get a safer solubility in water and it has the ability to eliminate THM precursors. Additionally, it increases coagulation although it destroys phenols. It is really not hazardous to health insurance and lacks any distinct smell.
Another proven chemical cleaning process for water disinfection is definitely the ultraviolet or UV radiation. Apart from water, this may also disinfect air and solid surfaces contaminated by microbes. Its ability to disinfect was reported since biology and lightweight waves were introduced within the fields of science research.
Ultraviolet radiation has several positive aspects. It really is considered safe since there is no reason to monitor any dangerous chemicals thus the outcomes of disinfection are quickly attained. Any household or business establishment will not have to spend a great deal because the initial system and operating expenses are very minimal. It will not alter the taste and odor of water too and they also are often installed and maintained.
Ozone is certainly one molecule which contains three atoms of oxygen and is also naturally created by a number of chemical reactions. It might range from ultraviolet rays from the sun in addition to from waterfalls and thunderstorms. Additionally it is a chemical cleaning process utilized in wide regions of water treatment and purification. It really is utilized in potable water treatments as well as in the broader municipal wastewater sites. Additionally it is being widely recognized in a number of industries.
For more information about curatatorie chimica,simply visit our website.
Related Articles -
curatatorie chimica, curatatoria azur, curatatorie bucuresti,

domain: chemistry


The MOA stipulates that the HPP adapt context sensitive solutions to mitigate the altered viewshed and that jurisdictional wetland delineation be included in the BA.
That was my initial reaction as I stepped gingerly through the verbal minefield that is transportation communications. Working in public involvement on infrastructure projects, it seems there’s a techno-jargon phrase ready to detonate at every turn.
In my first transportation project meeting, I wasn’t taking notes so much as writing down techno-terms so I could look them up later. What were they talking about? I mean, come on, “jurisdictional wetland delineation?” Are you kidding me? I knew I was really in trouble when they handed me a five-page, single-spaced, alphabetized list of acronyms!
I’d wondered how my 25 years of journalism experience was going to translate into the PR world. As it turns out, it translated into translating.
A local newspaper editor, who covers one of my projects, put it like this: “Mitigation sounds like a big word to most people. To me, it represents government-speak for “ease your pain” and would immediately be edited out of normal newspaper copy by changing it to something that more resembles plain English.”


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Volunteer Sierra Leone: Muslims of Sierra Leone (Video)
Volunteer Sierra Leone is helping refurbish Muslim schools throughout Sierra Leone to provide good education to some of the poorest people in the world. Current projects include building a new school for Castle Farm Primary School and refurbishment of over 65 muslims schools.
Posted on August 24, 2014, in VIDEOS and tagged deeds, Education, good deeds, knowledge, muslim, muslims schools, projects, schools, sierra leone, video, volunteer, volunteer sierra leone, world. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment.

domain: sociology


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Formerly the residence of Nashville's Cheek family, the 30,000-square-foot Georgian-style mansion was opened as a museum in 1960 and houses the Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art. The art collection contains photographs, paintings, prints, and sculptures and focuses on American works dating between 1910-1970. Other artwork includes Chinese snuff bottles and one of the largest collections of English Worcester porcelain.
The estate is considered one of the finest examples of the American Country Place Era period, as it has retained much of the original property. The mansion and grounds were designed by architect Bryan Flemming, who considered one of the best architects and landscape designers of the time. The estate was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.
Leslie Cheek made his fortune from his family. His father, Christopher, and Christopher's cousin, Joel, started a wholesale grocery business in 1890. They also got into coffee making as well. They became very successful and sold their company for $42 million in 1928, which was an enormous sum at the time. Leslie earned a portion of this money, which allowed him to build the mansion. He and his wife, Mabel, traveled to Europe in 1929 to study architecture and collect art and furnishings. They finally moved in in 1932 and for the next twelve years often hosted lavish parties. The estate became a museum in 1960

domain: artistic


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Root To Bloom
Root to Bloom equips readers with the knowledge and tools to grow, eat and celebrate every edible part of the plant (just as the nose-to-tail movement has recast people’s understanding and appreciate of meat).
The book will explore the lesser-used parts of a plant that are often snubbed in favour of the produce we’ve come to expect. It includes a comprehensive rundown of 35 edible plants (from coriander to onion to sweet potato), covering extra components of edibility, including flowers, roots and weeds. It educates people about ideal growing conditions, the nutrition level of the parts, as well as activities on how to prepare/preserve them for eating – with recipes (such as Japanese pickled sweet ginger, pickled nasturtium pods, and broccoli leaf coleslaw).
As well, it includes six breakout chapters on key related topics: medicinal; herbicides; skin care; weeds/foraging; the orchard; and preserving flowers
A Scented Life
A comprehensive and stylish guide in using the ancient practices of aromatherapy for modern wellbeing.Discover the power of one simple breath.Aromatherapy is the practice of using pure essential oils extracted...
Apiary Made Beeswax Cheese Wrap Pack
The hardworking bees at our farm in Victoria's Yarra Valley are helping us to take up the fight against cling wrap and food waste. Dedicated to helping protect the environment,...
Apiary Made Raw Wildflower Honey
Raw honey filled with sweetness and organically grown in the Yarra Valley. Our bees freely forage the local national park in the Yarra Valley, veggie gardens and to create this...

domain: library


Everyone needs an extra email address. Hotmail is big. GMail is, well.... Google. Yahoo- the name says it all. Excite - if only it did. That is why I created OtherEmail many years ago. It is my attempt to create an easy email address to remember when I wanted something that was not related to my work email and not associated with those free email services. If you already have an other email account then just click the link at the top. If you want one you can try to convince us you need it. The best reasons submitted explaining why you need a not-so-throw-away email address on our dime will get an account. Just send an email to us at firstname.lastname@example.org If we don't reply then either the mailbox has been slammed with spam (it is on the front page after all) or your reason didn't meet our secret standards. By the way- we charge 5 bucks for whining about not getting an email address.


So can I really say anything that I want? Anything? Let’s see…According to the SCOTUS, doing a satirical advertisement depicting a religious figure getting drunk before he preaches and losing his virginity to Good Old Mom in the outhouse is coarse but acceptable parody. So absent any personal standard to leaven my own content; I’m pretty much able to offend whomever I want.
According to Pope Francis, not so much. Soon after Muslim desperadoes shot twelve staffers at the satirical French Magazine Charlie Hebdo, Pope Francis offers us the following homily.
“It’s normal. You cannot provoke. You cannot insult the faith of others. You cannot make fun of the faith of others.”
He goes on to clarify. He wasn’t saying it was perfectly normal to shoot people, but the context in which he said this makes me wonder whether he believes his own qualifier. Why wouldn’t it become normal SOP if it works so well that the Pope kowtows to the demands of the cutthroats soon after the killings? Reward violence and basic economics suggests that you’ll keep getting more.
Reverend Falwell gets slandered in a porn magazine. Reverend Falwell takes the magazine to court and loses. Court rules that portraying Christian Ministers as drunks who fornicate with their mothers is acceptable speech in America. The Vatican sez: “ ”. Obviously Jerry Falwell wasn’t violently homicidal enough to get his needs attended to. You pretty much get what you tolerate.*
Charlie Hebdo publishes similar garbage about The Prophet Muhammad and Islam in general. Twelve of their workers get assassinated. Now Pope Francis takes notices that people say unpleasant things about religious figures. Now this becomes a problem. Now, after the bodies hit the pavement, we need to watch what we say.
So why doesn’t Francis just publish a Papal Bull announcing that terrorism works like hell? Al Capone was somewhat lapsed as a Catholic but he explained the theology behind what happened to Charlie Hebdo quite succinctly. You can always get more with a kind word and a gun.
If Pope Francis is truly this much of a moral coward in the face of naked, thug-like violence, than he justifies it in the minds of the killers and those who sent them. By telling us now, after terror was used to silence Islam’s critics; that we can’t go around offending religious people Pope Francis rewards the killers. He sanctions the violence and gives them prima facie evidence that they are tactically correct to shoot up any Christian or atheist that gets uppity and flaps their garbage neck.
There are entire intellectual movements dedicated to silencing, marginalizing and eliminating the influence of Christianity around the world. They claim that Christians spout off a lot of crap about good behavior and good intentions that is really just designed to control people and not let them have any fun. When The Vatican is totally silent on behalf of Christian leaders who are accused of getting jiggy with their mom in the outhouse; but then tells us not to offend radical Islamic terrorists who kill anyone who offends Allah, we can justifiably wonder who Pope Francis has more respect and commonality with.
The Atheistkulters over at Less Wrong or IFLS will always tell you the real point of religion is to run a con game to get power over people. It’s just a way to pass around the collection plates and steal from the gullible. Did Pope Francis just provide evidence these obnoxious cranks and parlor pinks were correct? Do we as Christian believers now have to pay a Dane-geld every time some Muslim gets “offended?” I can’t help but wonder about Pope Francis. As French Enlightenment Thinker Voltaire famously said. “We are ruled by those we are not allowed to criticize.”
*-Which is why your local BDSM parlor will always extol the higher virtue of tolerance. It’s all that stands between them and the pitchforks.


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The Look Ahead: BIPAC Discussion With Sen. Rob Portman
- Week of May 4: The U.S. House is out of session.
- Tuesday, May 5, 9:45 a.m., Online: BIPAC holds a tele-town hall with Sen. Rob Portman (R-OH). MSCI members should contact MSCI Vice President of Finance and Government Affairs Jonathan Kalkwarf for information about how to join.
- May 6, 2015, 12 p.m., Washington, DC: The National Association of Manufacturers will hold a briefing on tax reform and small businesses. Register here.
- June 2-3, 2015, Washington, DC: MSCI and the National Association of Manufacturers will host a fly-in for members.

domain: economics


Biostar NF720D A2GPlus 6.x Chipset SMU Driver 5.1.2600.0139 for Vista Publisher's description
from BIOSTAR Group
Biostar NF720D A2GPlus 6.x Chipset SMU Driver 5.1.2600.0139 for Vista
CPU SUPPORT AMD Phenom X4AMD Phenom X3AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core ProcessorAMD Athlon X2 Dual-Core ProcessorAMD Athlon 64 FX ProcessorAMD Athlon 64 ProcessorAMD Sempron Processor HT Support HT 5.2G MEMORY Support Dual Channel DDR2 533/667/800/1066(1066 by AM2+ CPU) MHz4 x DDR2 DIMM Memory SlotMax. Supports up to 16GB MemoryвЂ»It is recommended to use those Validated DDR2-1066 modules suggested by AMD EXPANSION SLOT 3 x PCI Slots1 x PCI-E x1 2.0 Slot1 x PCI-E x16 2.0 Slot STORAGE 6 x SATA2 3Gb/s Connector (Chipset limitation, SATA5 and SATA6 do not support SATA mode, only support AHCI+RAID mode)1 x IDE ConnectorSupport SATA RAID: 0,1,5,0+1 USB 6 x USB 2.0 Port2 x USB 2.0 Header GbE Realtek RTL8111C - 10/100/1000 Controller CODEC Realtek ALC662 6-Channel HD Audio REAR I/O
1 x PS/2 Mouse1 x PS/2 Keyboard6 x USB 2.0 Port1 x RJ-45 Port3 x Audio Connector INTERNAL I/O 1 x Printer Header2 x USB 2.0 Header6 x SATA2 3Gb/s Connector1 x IDE Connector1 x Floppy Connector1 x Front Audio Header1 x Front Panel Header1 x CD-IN Header1 x CPU FAN Header1 x System FAN Header1 x Serial Header DIMENSION ATX Form Factor Dimension: 29.3cm X 18.9cm ( W x L ) OS SUPPORT Support Windows XP / XP 64 / Vista / Vista 64
It is highly recommended to always use the most recent driver version available.
Do not forget to check with our site as often as possible in order to stay updated on the latest drivers, software and games.
Try to set a system restore point before installing a device driver. This will help if you installed a wrong driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer.


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Guanine-rich telomeric sequences stimulate DNA polymerase activity in vitro.
- Additional Document Info
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Guanine-rich oligonucleotides and short telomeric DNA sequences can self-associate into G-quartet stabilized complexes. We discovered that this self-association can occur in sequencing reactions and that higher-order structures stimulate DNA polymerase to synthesize extended DNA strands. Base analogues were used to identify Hoogsteen base pairings as stabilizing forces in these stimulatory DNA structures. Scanning force microscopy confirmed that quartet-DNA was formed from these oligomers and that these extended, four-stranded structures could be bound by DNA polymerase. Since guanine quartet-stabilized structures are proposed to exist in vivo, such structures may stimulate DNA polymerization in vivo.
author list (cited authors)
Ying, J., Bradley, R. K., Jones, L. B., Reddy, M. S., Colbert, D. T., Smalley, R. E., & Hardin, S. H
complete list of authors
Ying, J||Bradley, RK||Jones, LB||Reddy, MS||Colbert, DT||Smalley, RE||Hardin, SH

domain: biology


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||Where are the paintings?|
This article is in need of more images and/or better quality pictures in order to achieve a higher status. You can help the Assassin's Creed Wiki by uploading better images on this page.
The Sunken Jaw of the Styx was a cave in Pheraia's Retreat in Elysium. Found at the most southern tip of the region near the border with Deukalion's Heritage, it housed one of the Keeper's Insights.
During the Peloponnesian War, the Spartan misthios Kassandra explored the place and found the Keeper's Insight.
- The name of the place references Styx, the border river which ran between the Greek underworld and the world of the living.

domain: geography


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Mechanism of Photosynthesis
Plant physiology deals with the studies of life processes that are similar in many organisms. Thousands of chemical reactions are underway in every living cell transferring water, mineral salts and gases from the environment into organized plant tissue. Plants are also endowed with the property of photosynthesizing, a unique feature that is inevitable for life on earth. Plant function can ultimately be understood on the basis of the principles of physics and chemistry. Studies in plant physiology depend strongly upon plant anatomy, cell biology and structural & functional chemistry. At the same time, the structural sciences of plant anatomy and cell biology become more meaningful because of plant physiology. It deals with the various processes seen in plants throughout its life from the moment of conception when it begins as a zygote until death.[userpro_private]
It is the only mechanism of energy input in the living world. Like energy-yielding oxidation reactions upon which all life depends, photosynthesis involves oxidation and reduction. The overall process is an oxidation of water (removal of electrons with the release of oxygen as a by-product) and a reduction of CO2 to form organic compounds such as carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis is a two component reaction system:
Photosynthesis consists of two types of reactions: a light dependent one and a light independent one. The light dependent reaction is a photochemical reaction, culminating in the generation of NADPH + H+, ATP are energy rich and form the assimilatory power, the source of energy utilized for CO2 fixation can go apace irrespective of whether light is present or absent &therefore are collectively designated, dark reactions. But the driving force for the events of dark reaction is provided by the products of light reaction. It was Blackman, who first recognized that photosynthesis is a two component reaction system. Here are some evidences, experimental and otherwise, that confirms this.
Photosynthetic rate in continuous and intermittent light:
Warburg (1919) found that Chlorella registered a higher rate of photosynthesis, when exposed to intermittent light than when exposed to continuous light. The explanation for this observation is that during the short intervals of dark period, the products of light reaction could be utilized. But, when the algal cells were exposed to continuous light, the products of the light reaction accumulated and not enough of them could be utilized since, no dark reaction followed. This accounts for the shortfall in the products of photosynthesis
1) Employment of inhibitors: Warburg (1920) showed that cyanide added to a photosynthetic system reduced the rate of photosynthesis. This depression in the rat of photosynthesis was much greater under intense light than in weak light, indicating that it is the dark reaction which is affected.
2) Temperature coefficient: The temperature coefficient of any chemical reaction is the ratio between its rates at two temperatures, 10o C apart from one another (Q10). Almost all chemical reactions have a Q10 value of two, i.e., the rate of chemical reaction doubles up, if the temperature is raised by 10oC. Within a certain range of temperature, this is true of photosynthesis also. This means that part of the photosynthesis reactions are regulated wholly by temperature, unaffected by light.
3) Tracer Technique: Green plants kept in light for some time and shifted to a dark chamber thereafter, continued to produce the end product of photosynthesis. Radioactive isotopes supplied under such conditions always showed out in an array of products, wholly considered photosynthesis. These experiments provide direct proof of theory that photosynthesis consists of a light reaction and dark reaction.
4) Work of Arnon’s group: This group of workers successfully separated the lamellar and stroma parts of chloroplasts. The lamellar fragments, on exposure to light produced NADPH2, ATP and molecular oxygen, the last of which escaped from the system. The assimilatory power, consisting of NADPH2 and ATP, when fed to the stroma fragment of the chloroplast yielded products of photosynthesis is made up of two sets of reactions, one light dependent and another light-independent, but they also identified the physical locations where those reactions occour.[/userpro_private]


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Cook 'backs British entry'
The euro fell against the yen amid reports that Foreign Secretary Robin Cook is set to use a Tokyo speech to press the case for British adoption of the currency.
Japanese traders switched out of the euro and into yen in Tokyo trade, pushing the euro down to 115.91 yen against Friday's Japanese close of 117.63.
Caught in the yen-dollar movements, the euro eased slightly to $1.0584 in Tokyo, although the trend was clouded by rumours of intervention by Japanese authorities, who are expected to sell yen in an effort to limit its strength.
Dealers attributed the euro's fall partly to fallout from German state election results over the weekend. Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's Social Democratic Party was rejected by voters in Brandenburg and Saarland. Others said the yen was being supported ahead of second-quarter Japanese GDP figures due on Thursday, which are expected to confirm the country's economic recovery.
Meanwhile, Cook is expected to tell his Japanese audience later today that the euro was already 'bringing new strength' to member countries.
Unsourced reports of his speech claim he will back British adoption of the euro 'subject to the support of the British people in a referendum'.
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domain: politics


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Our 1st book is out now • Find out more & order a copy »
sooo much worse than the origanal its not even funny.
One pair of jeans. 20 fabrics markers. Too much spare time.
Dyed Designer Jeans on a DIY Budget
Using a felt ornament as a design for a stamp.
from old jeans to a unique nightmare piece!
Printed Denim for Every Sweetheart
Friends, this project is a must do. It's easy (I did the whole thing during baby's afternoon nap). It's cheap (under $8, including the jeans). And you're gonna look CUTE.

domain: design


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For my October scrapbook class – which was early this month – we made this Pumpkin Carving layout.
This two page layout was from one of Wendy’s WOW scrapbook class a year or two ago. This is a very quick and easy page to put together.
We also used this layout for an Apply Picking page – changed the colors and using the Tart& Tangy set as accents. Instead of a large pumpkin shape we cut out an apple shape from Designer Series Paper that was a shade of red.
Here the little pumpkin stamp is from one of the Family Accessory stamp sets. The alphabet stamp set is the Just Perfect Alphabet – and it was just perfect for this title – anything bigger I would have run out of room. The background is Sahara Sand and the other colors are Pumpkin Pie, Old Olive and Chocolate Chip. The Modern Label punch was used to cut the stem of the pumpkin and the Small Oval punch was used for the leaf.
The hardest part of this layout is tearing the Designer Series Paper to create the layered pumpkin shape. Normally I trace my patterns on the back of the piece to cut it out. But for this one it worked better to trace on the front and then carefully tear away the traced line to give you the pumpkin layers.
I bought a nice big round pumpkin yesterday – now to have someone carve it for Saturday. I know I have old pictures of the kids when they were little and they each carved a pumpkin – if I don’t take new pictures this week I’ll have to go find those and put them on this cute layout.
Have a great day!

domain: hobby


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Written By: Marjorie Cliff Picard
Compact water softeners can be found in apartments, condos, RVs, boats, mobile homes and regular homes where they can fit into small places, like under sinks and in closets and anywhere a larger water softener cannot go. Some are portable, so you can move them from houses to boats to RVs without a fuss-wherever soft water is needed. They all need a certain amount of care, the amount depending on the model.
Even the most basic water softener needs to have the owner regenerate the unit.
- First, the salt level must be checked every month. The specifications outlined in the manufacturer’s manual must be followed. The right type of salt and the right amount must be used. Salt regenerates the resin beads and gets them ready for more softening. The lid can be lifted to see the brine tank. Or, if an electric model is used, checking the LED display can be done.
- Salt must be added on a regular basis. As a general rule, salt is added when the level is less than half-full.
- The right form of salt must be added. This could be either a tablet, a block, or in granular form. The tablet is most common. It dissolves most completely and does not build up in the brine tank.
- The system should be inspected on a regular basis, usually every several months. This can be done by the owner or a trained technician from a water conditioning firm for a fee. The inspection should include a search for any leaks and any other signs of wear and tear. It can be done at the time the salt is replenished. If there is a solid build-up of salt in the brine tank, this is known as bridging or forming salt bridges. This condition usually develops in areas of high humidity, and needs to be addressed. The salt may not be touching the water, thus not regenerating the resin beads and softening the water. These bridges must be broken up, and the best thing to use is a broom handle. Once a salt bridge is formed, it will happen over and over with increasing frequency. In humid areas, the salt level should be kept lower and added to a little bit at a time and more frequently.
- The brine tank of older units should be cleaned every 6 to 12 months depending on the age and condition of the system. More modern units need less maintenance but should be cleaned at least once a year to assure efficiency. When the tank is cleaned, the salt should be completely dissolved first, then scrubbed with soapy water. This should avoid build-up of residue.
Some compact water softeners can use as little as one pound of plain table salt and nine to ten gallons of water. Cleaning it can be as simple as:
- Shutting off the water supply
- Unhooking the outlet side
- Taking off the top
- Pouring in the salt
- Putting the cap back on
- Turning on the water supply
- Rinsing the unit for 15 minutes
The life span of a unit depends on the water quality of the area as well as the care given to it. It may reach 20 to 25 years. If the unit is not using the salt or regenerating, it may be worth fixing if the problem is simple. If only a few parts need replacing, the unit may not need to be disposed of.


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For the past five years, City Hall has cut from the budget because it says it can't afford those programs. Those cuts are based on complicated revenue forecasts done by City Hall and others.+ More details
What are Tags?
Tags are keywords that describe videos. For example, a video of your Hawaiian vacation might be tagged with "Hawaii," "beach," "surfing," and "sunburn."


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Cucumbers are one of my most highly recommended vegetables, and if you have a garden, you can easily grow them at home.1,2,3 Aside from being able to control pesticide and fertilizer use, you’ll also avoid the wax applied to many commercially sold cucumbers. There are dozens of varieties that thrive in both cool and warm climates, although they can be a challenge to grow if temperatures are consistently in the mid-90s.
While made up of 90 to 95 percent water, cucumbers still manage to provide a host of valuable nutrients, including vitamins A, B5, C and K, along with manganese, potassium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, silica and fiber. Cucumbers also contain lignans that bind with estrogen-related bacteria in the digestive tract, contributing to a reduced risk of several cancers, including breast, uterus, ovarian and prostate cancer.4
Other phytonutrients called cucurbitacins — part of a larger group known as triterpenes, and the part of the cucumber that gives it a bitter taste — also inhibit cancer cell development. Preliminary findings also suggest cucumbers have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.5
In traditional medicine, cucumbers are used to treat headaches. The seeds are diuretic, and the juice — thanks to caffeic acid and vitamin C — can be used as an acne treatment and a soothing remedy for tired, puffy eyes.
Technically, cucumbers are a fruit, related to both the melon and squash families. The three main categories of cucumbers you can choose from are:
• Slicing cucumbers: thick-skinned and generally larger, growing to be 6 to 8 inches long
• Pickling cucumbers: thin-skinned and smaller, reaching 3 to 4 inches in length
• English or gourmet cucumber, also known as “burpless:” a longer, thinner version with very small seeds
Some varieties of cucumbers will be more bitter than others. Beit Alpha, Lemon Cuke, Tendergreen burpless and White Wonder are among the sweetest. You can find a listing of other popular varieties on Rodale Organic Life’s website.6 As a general rule, cucumbers need quite a bit of garden space, as they grow on trailing vines. However, there are also bushy varieties that only need minor staking, making them suitable for container gardens.
Popular bush varieties include Hybrid, Salad, Picklebush and Arkansas Little Leaf, the latter of which will produce fruit without pollination, making it an ideal choice for apartment dwellers and small container gardens. To optimize your container-grown cucumber, plant it in equal parts of potting soil, compost, perlite and peat moss, and use a container that is at least 12 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep.
The plants also need five to nine hours of full sun. The greater the sun exposure, the more productive the plant will be. An east-west directed trellis will optimize light exposure. That said, if temperatures are consistently in the mid-90s, provide the plants with filtered afternoon shade to avoid overheating.
Depending on the variety, your cucumbers will be ready for harvest in 50 to 105 days. For earlier harvest, start the plants indoors, using a grow light, approximately four weeks before your last spring frost date. They’re fast growers, though, so most gardeners will simply plant from seed directly in the garden.
For a late summer/early fall harvest, sow a second batch four to five weeks after the first. Cucumber plants are highly vulnerable to frost, so avoid planting seeds or seedlings in your garden until all danger of frost have passed, and the average soil temperature is at least 50 degrees F.
1. Plant seeds7 in rows, about one-half inch to 1 inch deep, anywhere from 1 to 6 inches apart. The plant will grow best in loose, well-draining soil. Mix in ample amounts of compost to encourage growth. Ideal pH is between 6 and 7.
2. Ideally, water heavily in the morning and allow it to lightly dry out to a depth of about 3 inches before soaking it again. This will help prevent stem rot and powdery mildew, as the plant has a shallow root system.
Allowing the plant to dry out too much can make the fruit bitter, however. A layer of mulch will help maintain the moisture balance. Adequate moisture is particularly important during flowering and fruiting. Sandier soils will require more frequent watering.
3. Once the plants are about 4 inches tall, thin the rows so the plants are spaced about 12 to 24 inches apart, depending on the variety.
4. Four weeks after planting, side-dress with compost, aged manure or 1 tablespoon of 10-7-7 organic fertilizer. A 7-5-5 or 6-3-3 balance can also be used, just make sure it has a slightly higher nitrogen ratio to stimulate leaf growth and fruiting.
That said, excessive nitrogen (and/or low boron or inadequate pollination) will result in cucumbers with hollow centers — a sign of excessively rapid growth, preventing the fruit from forming properly.
5. As the plant grows, train it upward on your trellis. Alternatively, grow them in a large pot, whiskey barrel or raised bed, where it can sprawl over the sides. Growing them vertically will produce straighter fruit, however, and protect the fruit from pests and rot.
The striped cucumber beetle, easily identified by its bright yellow body with black spots (resembling an elongated yellow lady bug), can be quite destructive, munching through the plant and spreading plant diseases such as mosaic virus and bacterial wilt, the latter of which causes the plant to wilt and die.
Wilt-infected plants will not produce fruit. Moreover, cucumber beetles are particularly attracted to plants with bacterial wilt, so be sure to remove any infected plants to prevent spread. To determine whether your plant actually has bacterial wilt, Gardening Know How offers the following suggestion:8
“[C]ut the stem and squeeze both ends. A sticky sap will ooze out of the cut. If you stick these ends back together and then pull them apart again, making a rope like connection between the two in the ooze, this means they have the bacteria. Unfortunately, once cucumbers have wilt there is no saving them.”
One of the most effective ways to control the cucumber beetle is to disrupt its lifecycle by covering young plants with row covers and rotating your crop each season. Keep the row covers on until the plant starts to flower. At that point, you want beneficial pollinators to have access to the plant.
Misshapen fruit is often the result of inadequate pollination. Flowering plants such as lavender, thyme and dandelion will attract pollinators such as bees and butterflies into your garden. If you notice a lack of pollinators, you may need to hand pollinate your cucumbers to ensure a successful crop. For instructions, see Gardening Know How’s “How to Pollinate Cucumber” section.9
A natural insecticide that can be used to ward off the cucumber beetle is kaolin clay. It needs to be applied preventatively, as it acts as a repellent. Common plant diseases include alternaria leaf blight, angular leaf spot and bacterial leaf spot — all of which can be reduced or prevented by selecting a disease-resistant variety.
Stem rot and powdery mildew can be prevented by following the watering schedule suggested in the top bullet above. Blossom end rot is discouraged by avoiding excessive drying of the soil between watering.
The cucumbers are ready for harvest when they’re about 1 to 1.5 inches in diameter, firm with round edges and a bright medium to dark green. Yellow, puffy, wrinkled or mushy water-logged fruits should be discarded. Yellowing fruit is a sign of over ripeness, the color resulting from a drop in chlorophyll — the exception being if you’re growing a yellow-fleshed cultivar, such as the Lemon cucumber.
The more frequently you pick the fruit, the more productive the plant will be, so harvest a few every couple of days. Harvesting in the morning will ensure maximum crispness. If you prefer less seedy cucumbers, pick them while they’re on the skinnier side. The seeds will develop the longer the fruit remains on the vine. With size, the cucumber will also develop bitterness.
To maintain their freshness longer, store your cucumbers at room temperature. Avoid overly warm areas, however, as vitamin C, B6 and carotenoids are susceptible to heat damage. Loss of these nutrients may be slowed through refrigeration.10
Half-used cucumbers can be refrigerated in a sealed container to prevent them from drying out. Avoid storing cucumbers near bananas, melons and tomatoes, as these produce ethylene, a plant hormone that initiates the ripening process. For optimal quality, use up fresh cucumbers within two days.
Fresh cucumbers are delicious sliced with a pinch of salt, or pickled with some vinegar and sliced onions. Pureed cucumbers also make for a refreshing, cold gazpacho soup.
Simply mix the cucumber puree with fresh diced tomatoes, green peppers and onions; salt and pepper to taste. Diced cucumbers can also be added to tuna fish or chicken salad. Other simple cucumber recipes include cucumber salad with lemon herb dressing and feta and cucumber rolls with creamy avocado.
There are many ways to use cucumbers that do not involve eating them, however. Mother Nature Network’s article, “13 Ways to Use Cucumbers” offers a range of tips, including the following:11
• Hair conditioner to counteract chlorine damage — Blend one egg, 1 tablespoon of olive oil and one-quarter of a peeled cucumber in a blender. Spread the mix evenly through your hair and leave on for 10 minutes. Rinse thoroughly
• Refreshing skin tonice — Puree one whole cucumber in a blender with 4 tablespoons of fresh mint and pour through a strainer. The juice toner can be stored in the fridge for 24 hours. Cucumbers have near-identical pH as skin, making it excellent for skin health
• Anti-blemish face maske — Blend a 1-inch slice of peeled cucumber in a blender until liquid, then add one drop of rosemary essential oil. Whisk one egg white until stiff, then fold in the cucumber liquid. Apply to face, avoiding your eyes and mouth. Leave on for 15 minutes, then rinse off with a damp washcloth
• Cooling summer bathe — Add 2 cups of Epsom salt, one sliced cucumber and a handful of crushed peppermint leaves (to release the oils) to a tub of tepid water

domain: food


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Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition, but heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition the choice of separation techniques is based. Another example of a homogeneous mixture is salt water if the bottle sits undisturbed for very long, the mixture will separate into its component parts. Air is a homogeneous mixture and oil in water is a heterogeneous mixture homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their components. Separation makes it possible to study and use the individual components of a mixture heterogeneous mixtures can be separated into their respective. What is a homogeneous mixture are all solutions homogeneous mixtures can homogeneous mixtures be separated into their components.
Independently research at least 7 different methods for separating mixtures substance homogeneous mixture heterogeneous mixture. A homogeneous mixture formed when substances dissolve ~do not separate into layers over time ~no substances in solution can be trapped. Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures the components keep their separate the components of a mixture can be separated out by physical means. Can separate those let us read all about separation of mixtures in this topic question for you q1 what is the heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture.
All mixtures, heterogeneous and homogeneous, can be separated into pure substances using physical methods, such as distillation or chromatography. The separation of the components of a mixture is a problem frequently separate mixtures rely on differences in the physical properties of the components. In heterogeneous mixtures, two or more ingredients (or phases, regions with uniform composition and properties) intermingle, but remain physically separate. Once the alloy has been formed the atoms from the different metals will have shared there electrons with each other and come to an equilibrium.
A homogeneous mixture is a solid, liquid, or gaseous mixture that has the same proportions of this type of mixture is very stable, ie, its particles do not settle, or separate as a homogeneous mixture, a solution has one phase (liquid). Who everybody this is a video about distillation or a separation of a homogeneous mixture in this piece of glassware which is called a retard there is a solution of. Separation of mixtures identify the different ways of separating mixtures a homogeneous mixture is that which has the same composition. Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions separate particles are not visible because one dissolves in the other = dissolution in salt water salt is the.
Homogenous mixtures also called solutions can be separated into the constituent substances by distillation if there is a difference in the concentration of the. Mixtures are physically combined structures that can be separated into their original a heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical substances. You can't pick out components of a homogeneous mixture or use a simple mechanical means to separate them you can't see individual chemicals or.
Free essay: introduction a heterogeneous mixture is not uniform throughout therefore, separate components of a heterogeneous mixture can. Separation and purification technology is a journal dedicated to the dissemination of engineering for homogeneous solutions and heterogeneous mixtures.
Use the process of chromatography to separate mixed mixtures (solutions) separation processes homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances. Classified as heterogeneous mixtures by definition, a homogeneous mixture consists of a single many mixtures are not as easy to separate. If the answer is no, the matter is a heterogeneous mixture considered particles are large enough to be seen and to be separated from the mixture examples. Alternatively, separation of a chemical species from a mixture of similar compounds the separation of a mixture in distillation would be to add a homogeneous.


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Although I am MAD about Marketing, I am also MAD about Breast Cancer Awareness. As women, too often we neglect our health and YES, I’m speaking about myself too. We get so bogged down with career, husband/boyfriends, children, paying the bills and just taking care of everyone around us except ourselves. This month it is so important that we take time to remember our health. Without good health, we won’t be able to do all the things that everyone around us depends on us to do.
Know the symptoms so you can take control! Listen to the Mad Lady!
What are the symptoms of breast cancer? When breast cancer starts out, it is too small to feel and does not cause signs and symptoms. As it grows, however, breast cancer can cause changes in how the breast looks or feels. Symptoms may include the following:
October is Breast Cancer Awareness month but this shouldn’t be the only month of the year that we think about breast cancer. Be proactive, not reactive. Get a mammogram and do the follow-up screenings every two years.
Your life and the people you love are depending on you!
What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
She is mad and she is not going to take it anymore! The Mad Lady Marketing Blog is just her way to drive home the importance of marketing in business. With over 15 years of experience in marketing, graphic design and communications, this marketing expert is mad (crazy) about marketing and mad (angry) at small businesses that don't understand or utilize marketing to promote their business.
Mad Lady Marketing is MAD!!
Contact the Mad Lady if you have questions, comments or want her to speak at your next event! Click here!


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Joanna Moorhead writes that women having an emergency caesarean section are traumatised, and often subsequently demand an elective section for other pregnancies (I felt totally out of control, June 16). She points out that these women are now NHS "frontline targets", with primary care trusts "offering cash incentives to hospitals in a bid to reduce the number of surgical deliveries".
The article raised important issues, such as the dilemma facing obstetricians when dealing with high-risk pregnancies, and expectations for them "to at least question a woman's decision to go for a repeat caesarean if there is no clear medical reason". But when it stated that "for NHS managers, there is clearly a financial incentive to reducing the amount of surgery", I was concerned that it risked propagating a common misconception.
As a midwife with more than 30 years' experience, I disagree strongly that reducing caesarean sections is about quotas and saving money. It is about giving mothers a healthier and more holistic birth experience, and babies a better start in life.
We midwives are not bullies who want women to suffer during birth. We support attempts to reduce medical interventions like caesareans, which are major surgical operations, because there are good clinical reasons - such as the "risk of serious complications including haemorrhage, infection and uterine rupture", which you mention. If there was a significant reduction in sections, savings could be made; however, it must also be remembered that hospitals are compensated for the greater costs associated with caesarean sections.
The World Health Organisation says caesarean sections should not exceed more than one in eight births; however, almost one in four babies in England is born this way. For some women, as the article says, it is appropriate to plan a section, or have an emergency one. Still, the issue is whether women are making informed choices about their options for childbirth. And the article did not address the government's four national choice guarantees - for maternity care, antenatal care, place of birth, and postnatal care.
Moorhead pointed out that "many of these [sections] could be avoided by better support in labour, and the sort of one-to-one care that many maternity units struggle to provide". But the question is, why do units struggle to provide such support? This must be addressed: we need many more midwives, not just doctors, to address women's options for childbirth. The issue for me is less about how we professionals deal with the dilemma of women asking for procedures we do not believe they need - it is more about ensuring that women are helped to understand the full implications of the choices they are making. A study of 454 women in Liverpool, published in May, said very few pregnant women opt for a planned caesarean section when thinking about birth options.
A woman is not an NHS "frontline target". She is an individual; and ultimately the decision for her method of birth should be based on her informed choice, with full explanations of the risks and benefits of her birth options.
• Professor Cathy Warwick is general secretary of the Royal College of Midwives email@example.com


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Category:Art in Venice
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
English: Works of art that were created or found in Venice and are still located there. For works of art that were created or found in Venice but now are preserved elsewhere please see Category:Art from Venice instead. For works of art which are not sure where they are, please see: Category:Art of Venice.
This category has the following 14 subcategories, out of 14 total.
- ► Architecture in Venice (8 C, 4 F)
- ► Art galleries in Venice (2 C, 1 F)
- ► Mosaics in Venice (13 C, 22 F)
- ► Paintings in Venice (16 C, 45 F)
Media in category "Art in Venice"
The following 26 files are in this category, out of 26 total.


Center for Health Information and Data Analytics
Faced with a rapidly changing health care environment and in the wake of a global pandemic, the ability to access and analyze data has never been more important. Colorado Hospital Association provides data and analytics support to communities, health care stakeholders, and hospitals with insights, benchmarking, and actionable data of hospital services in Colorado. Through the Center for Health Information and Data Analytics (CHIDA), CHA is committed to providing information that will help hospitals and health care stakeholders continue to provide much-needed quality care in their communities.
CHA maintains a robust set of data from multiple sources. Leveraging a powerful data infrastructure system, CHA manages multiple data programs. The first is the discharge data, which collects standardized inpatient and outpatient hospital claim level data from all member hospitals in Colorado. This data is augmented with community level and other third-party data. This unique dataset allows for patient-level and population-level analysis of hospital care delivery for hospital members, researchers, and other community stakeholders. CHA also manages the DATABANK program, a summary of finance data. CHA licenses this program to 10 other states that allows for state, regional, and national benchmarking and analysis.
For more information, contact Krista Smith, CHA manager of data quality and security, at 720.330.6064.


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Scoliosis is a pathological condition of the spine with an abnormal lateral curvature of atleast 10 degrees on the X-ray. Lateral curvature of atleast 20 degrees or more is necessary for scoliosis to be evident. In most cases, the cause is unknown, and the condition tends to run in families.
All the answers published on this website are written by verified Health and Wellness Experts and Therapists. The Content has been moderated by the iCliniq Content Review Team before publication. Post your health questions on iCliniq-Wellness by choosing the right Wellness Specialty and get them answered. Your queries will be answered 24/7 by top Wellness Experts from iCliniq-Wellness.
Query: Hi doctor, My back is curving to the left and I have pain throughout the ribs of the vertebrae. My right knee hurts with the spine that connects to the hips. I have a constant dull pain on sitting down with my legs flat and bending over amplifies the pain. Read Full »
Answer: Hello, Welcome to icliniq.com. You have scoliosis in your spine. It is caused due to various reasons. Doing a couple of corrective exercises can help. I recommend you to meet a good physiotherapist who is experienced in scoliotic corrective exercise. Come back to me with an X-ray to help with good... Read Full »
Query: Hello doctor, I am a 19-year-old male. Around two months back, I had a hiccup when dead-lifting and my lower back or lumbar spine area had a sharp pain. At the time, I did not think much of it and since then discontinued dead-lifts. Over time, I have developed some sciatica in my left hamstring area... Read Full »
Answer: Hi, Welcome to icliniq.com. Based on what you wrote, it sounds as though you may have scoliosis, a wedged vertebrae in the lumbar spine, a disc issue, or even lower cross syndrome. If there is any way to attach images of the X-rays, that would be ideal (though I know the current situation is not ide... Read Full »
Query: Hello doctor, I had this stiffness, almost something pushing in my left thoracic area just under my shoulder blade, for the past six months and I feel it most when I am moving my left arm forward or keeping it forward or upward for some time (like for example when I wash plates). It is not painful, ... Read Full »
Answer: Hi, Welcome to icliniq.com. I have reviewed your question. After reading your post, I immediately thought you might have a rib subluxation. This is very common with scoliosis (I myself have frequent rib issues). Since you know you have scoliosis, this will explain why this issue appears to be chro... Read Full »
Query: Hi doctor, When I was 10 years old, I had spine surgery for removing a lipoma tumor. I was fine before surgery. After the surgery, I was unable to walk as my right leg became very weak. Now my age is 20 years. I can walk and play now. But, I walk with some difficulty, and after surgery, I had bulgy ... Read Full »
Answer: Hi, Welcome to icliniq.com. The present pain in the scoliotic region might be due to a muscular strain in the paraspinal muscles, which is quite common while playing sports like badminton. Another possibility is an early neuro radiculopathy, occurring due to a pinched nerve in one of the intervert... Read Full »

domain: health


The chain is made up of a number of connecting rings. The chain can be used in many fields such as for example cement, ships, roads, and wharf transportation. The product quality and performance of the chain will straight affect the equipment’s operating effectiveness and coal production capacity.
The product is made from high-quality alloy steel and through special heat treatment process. It has good mechanical properties such as high bearing capacity, strong wear resistance, great toughness and so on. It can offer round chain products of ISO, DIN, ASTM, NS, JIS, AS standard and according to customer’s special requirements, and it could perform surface treatment such as incredibly hot dip galvanizing, electroplating, and blackening according to client requirements.
Roller chain sprockets, sometimes called single-strand sprockets, have a series of tooth around a central bore and so are used in mixture with roller chains to move conveyors and other industrial machinery. Fixed bore sprockets are designed to fit a specific shaft size and include a keyway and setscrew therefore they’re prepared to install. Plain bore sprockets are manufactured with out a keyway or established screw. Keyways or set screws can be machined to the exact size necessary by the existing shaft and app. Bushed bores have significantly more clamping region around the shaft to provide a secure suit for high torque or high-power applications when the shaft is at risk of slipping, such as paper milling and agricultural machinery.
MC33 Conveyor Chain Dual FLEX CHAIN is a detachable-type chain with a durable, double flex design for both horizontal turning and standard articulation.It retains its pulling power around the curves with middle line radii as small as 18 ins. Its wide-web best style provides much more than adequate carrying surface. Obtainable in HZPT File-Hard Promal(Duramal) , MC-33 Chain is generally interchangeable with similar 2.500 inch chain of other manufacturers. This chain is named “5550” chain aswell.
MC-33 Chain’s flexibility provides a wide range of applications in dairy, bottling, and related industries. It works in the direction of its links’ open up ends on Brutaloy sprockets.
A chain conveyor operates on the theory of interconnectivity: a chain connects each gear, resulting in a smooth conveying procedure. The chain conveyor includes a series of gears connected into a continuous program by the chain. Typically, each gear has the teeth which create a free rotational interface with the chain. The set up is set in such a way that each line posesses single pendant. Conventional metal or multi-flex plastic chains are commonly used in connecting the gears. As a result, this class of conveyors is best suited for use in transporting items with high load capacity.
gear chain, the best option for you.


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Since the dawn of time, the sky above has fascinated humankind. We have yearned to understand them, to know what lies amongst and beyond the deep blue of the night sky. Ancient peoples created zodiacs and myths to explain the constellations and to connect them to the deeds of men and women on Earth. In art, star motifs bring with them a wonder and yearning to understand not only humanity, but also the natural world around and above us. Show your fascination with astronomy and astrology by calling this pattern into your life.
Jess is owner & captain of the Rogue Crusade. She wears many hats as gnomes often do. She currently does all of the web mastering, much of the customer service and social media marketing, order processing, loot curating, and designing of a huge portion of the loot. She has a BFA in Graphic Design and background in craft industry product development and community theater, and the Crusade is her ongoing mission to bring it all together. Oh, and she’s a total nerd.


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How I Make My Mixed HIV Status Relationship Work
I'm HIV positive, but my partner is not. And though science has rendered that difference medically negligible, it's hard to shed decades of stigma overnight.
How I Learned to Give Up Control in My Open Relationship
Why loving someone means allowing them to be who they are, even when that person is no longer in sync with who you are.
My Advice for People Considering Polyamory
Polyamory won't fix your problems or save your relationship, but it may help you grow.
Seven Actual Things Straight People Can Learn from Gay Relationships
Come on over to our side, straights, it's way better over here.
Rape Happens in Gay Relationships Too
Gay or straight, relationship or no relationship, context is completely irrelevant if you've said "no."
Weird Tales From My Year On Gay Dating Apps
Dating can be scary, and online dating especially so. Prepare yourself by laughing at other people's misfortunes.


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Interview with Marumbo Sichinga
Marumbo Sichinga – Poet
|Current City||Lilongwe, Malawi|
Name of Poem: MOSAICS
The problem with growing up
With privilege is that you broke
Everything knowing that mommy and daddy would be able to
Buy it back and so you broke your console and phone
Knowing you could always replace them
And now you grew older and you treat hearts
And bodies the same
As if when you break hearts and people
You can replace them
We tend to love mosaics because they remind us that broken
Pieces can be made whole and beautiful
But we forget that the art of mending hearts and bodies
Is a skill God never shared with us
Interview Date: February, 2022
“Living in Malawi shapes who I am and what I experience and how I react to it and that can come out in my writing.”
I started writing in my first year of university.
Growing up my mother used to read us stories and I always loved books and literature.
Over time I fell in love with poetry, I would attend poetry shows and even read my friends poems until one day I decided to give it a shot.
Favourite poet is hard but let me try to name a few: Q Malewezi, Alex Chiwaya, Chris Msosa, Darkshadow, Phindu Banda, George the Poet, Miles Carter, Gemini, Joseph Solomon, Koleka Patuma and Upile Chisala.
The list can go on and on, each of these poets teaches me something I embrace and cherish.
My writing tends to be drawn from my experiences and the things I see and feel, living in Malawi shapes who I am and what I experience and how I react to it, and that can come out in my writing.
Spoken word poetry is continuing to rise and be accepted in the country and this makes me very happy.
Over time, artist are beginning to find their voices and sound unique and true to themselves and hopefully it can’t continue to grow and be a respected art form.
Yes, I also released an experimental project in 2018 which I will leave unnamed, then I worked on another project called ‘Things I Wish I Said’ in 2019 and this year I hope to release another project.
Certainly, I am happy with the encouragement I have received and I think the fan base is steadily growing, I still have a lot of work to do but hopefully over time the rt will get better and speak for itself.
Spoken word poetry is continuing to rise and be accepted in the country and this makes me very happy. Over time, artists are beginning to find their voices and sound unique and true to themselves and hopefully it can continue to grow and be a respected art form.
Writers block, that illusive beast, my friend once told me that sometimes writers block is just fear that what I will write will suck.
I think of poetry as my job, I won’t always enjoy my job but I have to do it, so when I feel writer’s block creeping in I force myself to write.
Not all poems make it, some are left in the drafts and that’s okay.
It varies sometimes a few minutes in the studio, other times a few hours other times a few days depending on theme and message and how it comes about.
But usually I try to come back to my original drafts to edit and re-do and to make sure I’m careful with my words.
To aspiring writers, I would say keep writing and practicing, be patient the success or the stage or platforms you desire won’t come over night, always seek to learn and do your best every time you get an opportunity.

domain: literature


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The listed playscripts for college students to perform avoid ” cuteness”. They reveal and question the darker aspects of human nature in a safe way and often with comedy.
Scripts for plays for performance by college students offer challenges for young actors. Many plays are suitable for college theater departments, theater classes and student drama groups.
Discover one-act comedy plays and full-length drama scripts for college and university students in theatre training programs and drama education. Many of the scripts are suitable for College readers theatre scripts.
The scripts are valuable plays for college students because they involve the audience in big questions of modern life, including drug misuse, sexual abuse, school shootings, faith, belief, racism, the environment, twists on Shakespeare’s Hamlet, famous marriages from history.
Showing all 1 result
- $7.97 – $55.98
A Pastor’s Tale – The True Story of Silent Night
- 15 minutes
- 1 - 5F; 2-7M; Max 7; Min 7
Comedy, Simple Props, Teens
A one-act Christmas comedy – a play with live music for young actors, telling the story of how the Christmas song “Silent Night” came to be written. Set in Oberndorf, Austria in 1818, the play is staged with live guitar in a Readers Theatre format. Memorized historical vignettes are combined with a straight-forward Christmas reading. But it soon goes “off-book” as student readers question the truth of the text they’re reading, and they end up squabbling on stage among themselves. Just when their performance seems doomed, Josef Mohr remembers a short poem he had been writing—Silent Night.Read More


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Climbing mountains, both figuratively and literally, is something you can do in La Plagne. Raise your eyes towards your goal and tackle the climb.
Make the most of our best holiday deals in La Plagne
Accommodation, transport, activities, lift pass...See our good deals
Voir sur la carte

domain: travel


Buy christmas songs and carols for guitar mandolin or ukulele read 3 books reviews amazoncom. Christmas carols arranged in easy keys for guitar autoharp banjo ukulele and other instruments christmas carol sheet music angels from the realms of glory guitar tab mandolin tab ukulele tab baritone ukulele tab hark the herald angels sing joy to the world guitar tab mandolin tab ukulele tab. Christmas carols and songs are a bit tricky to play on guitar ukulele or banjo they sound better played on a piano or by an orchestrahowever they are so lovely to sing and so well known that its worth trying to find or work out some easier. Christmas songs and carols for guitar mandolin or ukulele bookmark pdf epub kindle library bookmark id 9757c9 bookmark pdf epub kindle library christmas songs and carols for guitar mandolin or ukulele this summary . Willy m teaches guitar ukulele and mandolin lessons in winston salem nc hes the author of the dead mans tuning series of mandolin songbooks and is a former member of the american federation of musicians tags christmas ukulele songs christmas ukulele tabs 11 christmas ukulele songs 0 replies leave a reply want to join
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In today’s automobiles, technology has integrated deeply into every nook and cranny. One such integration is the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), a crucial safety feature in modern vehicles. Its primary role?
To inform drivers if one or more tires are under-inflated. However, after fixing the tire pressure, you might notice that the warning light still lingers on your dashboard. If you’ve ever found yourself in such a situation, this guide is for you.
What is the TPMS?
Before diving into the resetting procedures, it’s essential to grasp the essence of the TPMS. At its core, the TPMS is a real-time monitoring system that uses sensors to track tire pressure. If the pressure in any tire falls below the manufacturer-recommended level, the system triggers an alert, usually in the form of an illuminated icon on the dashboard.
- Direct TPMS: This system uses pressure sensors installed inside each tire to measure the actual air pressure. If the pressure drops below the set threshold, the sensor sends an alert to the car’s computer system, triggering the warning light.
- Indirect TPMS: Instead of pressure sensors, this system utilizes the car’s Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) wheel speed sensors. If a tire’s pressure decreases, its diameter changes slightly. The system detects this variation and lights up the warning.
Reasons to Reset the TPMS Light
Why would you need to reset the TPMS light? Here are some common scenarios:
- Refilling Tires: After addressing the under-inflation, the light might not go off automatically.
- Tire Rotation or Replacement: The system might need recalibration after these procedures.
- Seasonal Temperature Changes: Cold temperatures can decrease tire pressure, causing the light to come on. Once temperatures stabilize and tires are adjusted, the light may remain.
- Sensor Issues: Sometimes, the sensors themselves might malfunction, necessitating a reset.
Steps to Reset the Tire Pressure Light
Resetting the TPMS light can vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle. However, here’s a generalized procedure:
- Start the Engine: Turn on the vehicle but don’t start driving.
- Locate the TPMS Reset Button: Often found under the steering wheel, but your vehicle’s manual will provide the exact location.
- Press and Hold: Press the reset button until the TPMS warning light blinks three times.
- Wait: After releasing the reset button, wait for a few minutes. If the light doesn’t return, the reset is successful. If it does, there might be a sensor issue, or the tire pressure is still incorrect.
Inflate & Deflate Method
- Check Pressure: Ensure all tires are inflated to the recommended PSI.
- Turn on Ignition: Without starting the engine, turn the key to the “ON” position.
- Deflate Each Tire: Release air from each tire for 5-10 seconds. Do this for all tires, including the spare.
- Wait: The TPMS light should start blinking.
- Re-inflate Tires: Immediately bring all the tires back to the recommended PSI.
- Drive: Sometimes, driving the car for about 10 minutes at a speed over 15 mph can reset the system.
Using a Scan Tool
For vehicles that don’t have a reset button or for more complex issues, a TPMS scan tool can be indispensable. This is how you’d use one:
- Connect the Tool: Plug the scan tool into the car’s OBD II port.
- Navigate the Menus: Select the “TPMS” option.
- Select Your Vehicle: Input or select the make, model, and year of your vehicle.
- Choose ‘Reset’: Follow on-screen instructions to reset the TPMS system.
- Disconnect the Tool: Once done, safely disconnect the tool.
After the Reset
After you’ve successfully reset the TPMS:
- Regularly Check Tire Pressure: Don’t solely rely on the TPMS. Make it a habit to check the tire pressure manually.
- Monitor the TPMS Light: If it comes back on shortly after a reset, there might be a deeper issue, like a faulty sensor or a leak.
- Professional Check: If you’re unable to reset the light or if it comes on frequently, it’s wise to have professionals inspect the system.
Prevention, as they say, is better than cure. To avoid the hassle of having to reset the TPMS light often:
- Monthly Checks: Regularly check tire pressures even if the TPMS light doesn’t come on.
- Tire Maintenance: Keep up with tire rotations and alignments.
- Monitor Tire Health: Old or damaged tires can lose pressure more quickly. Replace them when necessary.
- Know the Impact of Temperatures: Cold weather can decrease tire pressure, so adjust accordingly in different seasons.
What is the primary difference between Direct and Indirect TPMS?
The main difference lies in their monitoring approach. Direct TPMS uses pressure sensors inside each tire to measure the actual air pressure, while Indirect TPMS relies on the car’s Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) wheel speed sensors. It detects changes in tire diameter, which might be due to variations in pressure, to trigger the warning light.
Why might my TPMS light remain on even after I’ve refilled my tires?
Several reasons can cause this. It could be due to a system needing recalibration after tire rotation or replacement, seasonal temperature changes affecting tire pressure, or potential sensor malfunctions.
Do all vehicles come with a TPMS reset button?
No, not all vehicles have a dedicated TPMS reset button. The location and presence of this button can vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle. If you’re unsure, it’s best to refer to your vehicle’s manual.
If I can’t find a reset button or if the manual reset doesn’t work, what should I do next?
You can try the Inflate & Deflate Method mentioned in the guide. If that doesn’t work, using a TPMS scan tool, which plugs into the car’s OBD II port, is another effective method. If all else fails, consider seeking professional help.
Is there any harm in frequently resetting the TPMS light?
While resetting the TPMS light in itself isn’t harmful, frequently needing to reset may indicate an underlying issue with the tires or the TPMS system. It’s essential to investigate the root cause to ensure safety.
Can I solely rely on the TPMS for tire safety?
While the TPMS is a valuable tool for monitoring tire pressure in real-time, it’s advisable not to rely solely on it. Regular manual checks and tire maintenance are essential for overall tire health and safety.
The TPMS is an invaluable tool for ensuring the safety and efficiency of your driving experience. However, like all technology, it might need occasional adjustments or resets. Understanding how to reset the tire pressure light can save you time, effort, and perhaps even money.
Always remember, while the TPMS is a helpful tool, nothing replaces the importance of manual checks and regular tire maintenance. Safe driving!


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I think IYCN has slept a lot, its time to stand up. get to define our work and kick off from some were, all the state Governments must know we exist including the Federal Government. lets not sit back and relax and feel less concerned, lets put ourselves together and put up a Strong functioning body, I'm eager to play my role in national and International development i don't know about you.
I believe that the youths are the possible force and man power that can bring about a sustainable and effective political, economic and social change in Nigeria. I therefore propose the motion, for the establishment of IYC State, Local Government and secondary school chapters respectively. i therefore urge the leadership of the IYC Nigeria to put this into consideration for the effective delivery of the goals of the IYC, MDGs, to the rural areas.


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This is an excellent interactive resource to teach children about copyright. Prepared by the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., a nonprofit corporation founded in 1953 to foster interest in and advance the study of copyright law and the rights in literature, music, art, the theater, motion pictures, and other forms of intellectual property.
The National Association for Music Education, among the world's largest arts education organizations, is the only association that addresses all aspects of music education. This portion of the website includes information on determining Fair Use - reproducing copies of sheet music, recording, distribution, etc.
Interactive tools (question and answers) that guides users through the educational exceptions in U.S. copyright law, helping to explain and clarify rights and responsibilities for the performance and display of copyrighted content in traditional, distance and blended educational models. This tool covers Section 110(1), the “face to face teaching” exception and Section 110(2), the TEACH Act (Technology, Education and Copyright Harmonization Act)
Funded by The New York State Music Fund, established by the New York State Attorney General at Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors Have you composed a song? Are you wondering if you should cover it yourself or sign up with a record label?
Sharing your scoops to your social media accounts is a must to distribute your curated content. Not only will it drive traffic and leads through your content, but it will help show your expertise with your followers.
How to integrate my topics' content to my website?
Integrating your curated content to your website or blog will allow you to increase your website visitors’ engagement, boost SEO and acquire new visitors. By redirecting your social media traffic to your website, Scoop.it will also help you generate more qualified traffic and leads from your curation work.
Distributing your curated content through a newsletter is a great way to nurture and engage your email subscribers will developing your traffic and visibility.
Creating engaging newsletters with your curated content is really easy.


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Ministry establishes organization to study ChinaThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade opened its first research organization studying China yesterday, amid Seoul’s growing interest in and alarm over the fast rise of its powerful neighbor. The Institute of Foreign Affairs and National Security (Ifans), an affiliate of the ministry, said yesterday it has opened the Ifans China Center at its base in Yangjae, southern Seoul.
The center was established “to bolster research activity on China’s rise as a global power in the 21st century and support the government’s diplomacy toward China on multiple fronts,” an Ifans official said.
Foreign Minister Kim Sung-hwan made a congratulatory keynote speech during the inaugurating ceremony held at the Ifans, followed by a lecture on South Korea-China relations made by the former ambassador to China, Chung Jong-wook.
Several other government figures and scholars, including Vice Foreign Minister Shin Kak-soo and Zhu Feng, international relations professor at Peking University, later discussed a future course for the two countries in a round-table discussion.
At the ceremony, Shin Jeong-seung, another former ambassador to China, was appointed as the first director of the Ifans China Center.
Shin said he will try to expand cooperation between the center and other China research agencies at home and abroad and foster an international research hub for China. South Korea and China, which established bilateral diplomatic ties in 1992, upgraded bilateral relations to a strategic cooperative partnership in 2008. A combined 5 million or so South Koreans and Chinese visited each other’s country last year.
By Moon Gwang-lip [email@example.com]