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Readings: Psalm 51: 1, 7, 10-12, 16-17, Luke 18:9-14, Secrets of Heaven 874 (see below)
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Photo credit: Ric Rodrigues
This is a parable that is going to get a little meta: Jesus cautions us against making judgements based on stereotypes and caricatures by using…you guessed it, stereotypes and caricatures.
As we consider this parable, it is really important that we don’t fall into the trap of thinking that the story is about the characters in it. The parable really isn’t about a Pharisee and a tax collector, per se. We aren’t supposed to draw conclusions about either of those groups of people in general. The characters, and the assumptions that the original hearers would have had about them, are there to help us to come to a recognition of the ways in which our own tribalism and self-absorption can lead us to make assumptions about others that are not accurate.
So, the parable works by starting in one place, and then bringing us full circle around to interrogate the assumptions with which we began. Like many of Jesus parables, this one would definitely have shocked the original hearers, for he subverts their expectations on multiple levels.
Jerusalem was very sectarian in Jesus’ time. There were various groups and movements within Judaism that were in conversation with each other around the optimal way to practice being a Jew. Matt Skinner, Professor of New Testament at Luther Seminary, describes Pharisaism this way: that it was a movement that “emphasized obedience to the law as a way of making God’s benefits visible to God’s people”, and “adherence to religious ritual as a way to encounter holiness in the everyday.” (1) These topics were of great interest to Jesus and his own ministry, so it makes sense that Jesus would find himself in conversation (and to a certain extent, in competition) with the Pharisees. Like any movement though, within Pharisaism there would have had some who were practicing with integrity, and others who were not.
Throughout the gospels, we see Jesus delivering a multi-level critique, not only of religious practice, but about how religion becomes allied with power and commerce and politics. So, Jesus had a very complicated relationship with the Pharisees. There were some who actually agreed with him (find refs), and some who argued with him. When Jesus saw that some of them were upholding external ritual but being internally corrupt, he critiqued them and called them hypocrites. I’m sure Jesus, if speaking to us today, would have equally harsh words for any of us who would show up to church, sing hymns and take communion, and then go home and treat our loved ones badly or go to work and act dishonestly. The general point that Jesus was often making—don’t be a hypocrite, and external ritual can’t buy salvation—applies to us now just as much as to the Pharisees then. And just to be clear, it doesn’t apply more to the Pharisees then than it does to us now. They were just the ones who happened to be in conversation with Jesus about these topics in his day.
Over time, as the early Christian movement grew out of Judaism, and then found itself in conflict with Judaism, the gospel writers would often use Pharisee “as a cipher for villain.” (2) Christianity ran with this, and Pharisee became short-hand for “hypocrite” or “legalist trying to earn God’s favor.” Worse still, Christians have often assumed that the gospel depiction of Pharisees is historically accurate overall and a useful education on the nature, practice and motivation of Judaism today, which has contributed to anti-Judaism. We should be very careful not to fall into this trap, or to further this mistaken practice. Religion allied with power was the condition that was in conflict with Jesus, not Pharisaism per se, and definitely not Judaism, and we are just as vulnerable to the excesses and overreach of religion allied with power today as then.
The point that Jesus was trying to make here, is not that Pharisees would naturally be arrogant, but that the cultural understanding of the time, that learning and ritual purity would make someone more likely to receive God’s mercy, was not correct. The common person has just as much access to God’s mercy as the learned and elite and powerful.
And the reason that this was so very surprising in the context of the parable, is that Jesus heightened the contrast between the two characters. The second person coming to pray was not a figure like the beleaguered widow from last week, nor a common fisherman like the disciples, but the worst person that the hearers could imagine. A tax collector. These days, we might not much enjoy paying our taxes or doing our tax returns, but the whole process is rather automated and bureaucratic, and certainly lawful. We don’t hate the good folks at H&R Block. In Jesus day however, the Jewish people were being taxed by an occupying power, not their own monarch and certainly not a democratically elected government. So already, they were resentful, understandably so. To make matters worse, the Roman empire would usually contract with local people to collect the taxes owed, and these people would often collect more than necessary to line their own pockets. In that context, many tax collectors were turncoats and collaborators and mobsters. You can imagine how reviled they were, by ordinary people just trying to get by.
So imagine then the surprise, when it is the tax collector who is lifted up as the model in this parable. In one fell swoop, Jesus indicts the Pharisee for arrogantly assuming the internal state fo the tax collector, and indicts the hearers for assuming likewise.
The point being, that we cannot assume that we know where God’s mercy should go. That is not for us to know, nor for us to have an opinion about. And, just as the original hearers might well have thought “There is no way that God will the hear the prayers of that tax collector”, so too if any of us now are looking at the parable and saying to ourselves “typical Pharisee, how arrogant and legalistic” we are doing exactly the same thing as the character of the Pharisee is doing towards the tax collector. And we should probably stop it.
The thing is, it is not exactly wrong for the Pharisee to pray in thanksgiving for his benefits. The problem was in how the recognition of those benefits led him to look down on others. Let’s now take a look at this through a Swedenborgian lens. These characters represent our spiritual process, and the fact is that we are all in process, and God’s mercy is present to us wherever we are in that process. From our reading:
This scene depicts the first stage of regeneration…, a stage common to everyone who is being reborn: we imagine that we are doing good deeds and thinking true thoughts under our own power. Because we still cannot see clearly at all, the Lord lets us think this way.
So, the first step on the journey is being like the Pharisee; acting in certain external ways because we believe that we should, that it is right, that it is what God wants for us. This is totally appropriate, in fact, very necessary. The problem is that this initial step relies very much on our own selfhood, and the pleasure and gratification that our selfhood/goodness relays to us.
And if is we don’t keep moving in the process, moving towards a recognition that it is by the Lord’s power that we can do what is good and not our own, the more we will be tempted to identify with how our own selfhood and ego makes us feel. We will be more tempted towards behaviors that increase our perceived superiority.
This is why Jesus lifted up the tax collector’s prayer, an honest acknowledgement of where our ego will naturally take us given free reign. Biblical language calls that being a sinner, other traditions might call it being in delusion. The reality is though, that all goodness, power and love flows into from God; it does not originate in us. We can choose to open ourselves up to, or close ourselves off from, that inflow. And the main thing that closes us off from God’s inflow is believing that it doesn’t exist, thinking that goodness arises from ourselves. The inflow will always continue to flow toward us, but we have placed ourselves out of alignment with it. So the tax collector’s prayer was good, it acknowledged the mercy of God, and how dependent we really are on God.
But we have to realize that this prayer was not perfect either, or at least, not complete. Did the tax collector promise to change? No, actually he didn’t, though maybe it was implied. Was he afraid to? Unsure how to? Perhaps, we don’t know. All we do know, is that recognition of our sins, our habits and tendencies, and the recognition of our reliance on God is a very good and necessary precursor to change.
The Pharisee and the tax collector are both pictures of us in different places in our spiritual process, both a little stalled in their own unique ways. At every phase in our journey, there are places where we can get stuck, and we may well keep coming back to those places time and time again.
We definitely need to be able to be humble and recognize the nature of our selfhood, but we can’t let that be all we do, or let that become an impediment to change. We need to act. This is the tax collector’s work to do, what he needs to find the courage to attend to.
When we do act, it will always feel like it is from our own selfhood. This is necessary, this is good. Positive feedback and a sense of effectiveness is important. The temptation at this point though, is to think that we deserve merit for “doing it right.” We need to avoid getting caught up in our own sense of righteousness or to start thinking that we are better than someone else in some other place in the process. This is the Pharisee’s work to do.
The Pharisee and the tax collector are two sides of a coin, and we may find ourselves resonating with either one of them at different times in our life. God lets us be where we need to be in order to take our next step. But let us be sure to always try to see the wholeness of each person’s journey, and not fall into stereotyping. Caricatures can be helpful to make a point, but they are not real. People are real.
Psalm 51: 1, 7, 10-12, 16-17
1 Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions.
7 Cleanse me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.
10 Create in me a pure heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me. 11 Do not cast me from your presence or take your Holy Spirit from me. 12 Restore to me the joy of your salvation and grant me a willing spirit, to sustain me.
16 You do not delight in sacrifice, or I would bring it; you do not take pleasure in burnt offerings. 17 My sacrifice, O God, is a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart you, God, will not despise.
9 To some who were confident of their own righteousness and looked down on everyone else, Jesus told this parable: 10 “Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. 11 The Pharisee stood by himself and prayed: ‘God, I thank you that I am not like other people—robbers, evildoers, adulterers—or even like this tax collector. 12 I fast twice a week and give a tenth of all I get.’ 13 “But the tax collector stood at a distance. He would not even look up to heaven, but beat his breast and said, ‘God, have mercy on me, a sinner.’ 14 “I tell you that this man, rather than the other, went home justified before God. For all those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.”
Secrets of Heaven #874
This scene depicts the first stage of regeneration…a stage common to everyone who is being reborn: we imagine that we are doing good deeds and thinking true thoughts under our own power. Because we still cannot see clearly at all, the Lord lets us think this way.
Still, none of the good we do and none of the truth we contemplate while holding this opinion (a mistaken one) is the kind of goodness or truth that makes a part of faith. Nothing that we produce from ourselves can be good, because it is from ourselves…we are always thinking about how deserving and righteous we are. Some people, as the Lord teaches in Luke 18:9-14, go further and despise others in comparison with themselves. Others do other things just as bad. Self-centered desires add themselves to the mixture, making the exterior look good, although the interior is filthy.
As a consequence, the good that we do at this stage is not the good that belongs to faith. It is the same with the truth that we think. Even if the idea we adopt is absolutely true and is in itself a valid religious concept, nonetheless as long as we adopt it for selfish reasons, it has no religious good within it. Any truth, in order to be theologically true, has to have the good of faith from the Lord within it. That is when it first becomes good and true.
Readings: Amos 2:6, 14-16, Luke 18:1-8, Marriage Love 365:5 (see below)
See also on Youtube here
Photo by Mikhail Nilov: https://www.pexels.com/photo/pair-of-boxing-gloves-on-gray-surface-6739946/
As is very common with biblical parables, we might find ourselves a little confused upon reading this one, asking “What is the point of this parable?” Understandably. There are not one, but several points to this parable. Among them, the utility of persistent prayer, the responsibility of society toward the vulnerable, the responsiveness of God towards our need, and reflection on the quality of faith. It can be a little hard to figure out where to place our attention.
We are first introduced to the unjust judge. Certainly to us even now, he reads as callous and potentially corrupt. Additionally, to the Jewish hearers of this parable, he would also have immediately appeared religiously bankrupt as well. The Jewish scriptures repeatedly advocate for the care of widows and orphans and foreigners, people who are easily forgotten, who have no obvious recourse for survival amid patriarchal structures. In this context, The judge did not revere God and God’s commands, and so of course, did not feel any responsibility towards the vulnerable.
Then we are introduced to the figure of the widow. Now, when I read this parable, my internal image of the widow is someone who is meek. Persistent yes, but diminutive. This is totally my own baggage but I imagine her in the the way that I might advocate for my own self in real life. (knock knock) “Um, excuse me, I’m so sorry to be bothering you, but I have this problem, can you help me? (knock knock) I know that you are terribly busy but if you wouldn’t mind taking a look at my case? (knock knock) Yes, I know, its me again, but I really could use your help…” etc etc.
This picture of the widow is not supported by the text, though it is hard for us to tell this by the English. What is often translated as “yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will vindicate her, or in the end she will wear me out by her continual coming,” in the original greek, is actually a boxing metaphor. Its literal usage means to beat someone black and blue. I’m not saying the language was meant to imply that the judge thought the widow was really going to get violent, but rather, that the use of such a metaphor creates a very different picture to the deferential one I instinctively created in my mind. The widow was being a nuisance in such a way that caused the judge to use language that evoked being under attack.
And we see that, even so, this widow is lifted up as a faithful example. So while the parable is framed as being about prayer, I think we could also draw some lessons about persistence in relation to injustice in general, and about how we might approach eradicating injustice.
From the widow’s example then, clearly, we are to be people who notice injustice. And, we are to be people who are troubled and concerned about injustice. And, we are to be people who are persistent about correcting injustice, who are not content with allowing corrupt institutions or people (ie the judge) to go about business-as-usual. If our situation is unjust, we are empowered to resist it, not just once, but over and over again, until justice is restored.
What is more, we are empowered to resist with passion. The widow was clearly passionate enough in her entreaties to the judge that he employed a fighting metaphor to characterize her. In a real situation, we cannot know how much the judge’s own paranoia, or guilty conscience, might be projecting on to her. But, I do think a reflection upon the utility of righteous anger is appropriate here.
We heard in our reading today about what Swedenborg called zeal, that is, the condition under which we are moved to act passionately out of love. He points out that zeal often looks very much like anger, in that it can appear strident, or bristly. However, what is key is not so much what the zeal looks like to an observer, but what is motivating it internally. He writes:
The zeal of a good love harbors in its inner aspects friendship and love, but the zeal of an evil love harbors in its inner aspects hatred and vengeance. We said that zeal appears in outward respects like anger and rage, both in those who are prompted by a good love and in those who are prompted by an evil love. But because the internal elements are different, so also their expressions of anger and rage are different…
The point being that what matters is the internal motivation. Righteous zeal or anger is trying to protect something good and just. It can certainly be working for something that is good and just for the self —the widow was advocating for herself and her own situation; it is not that zeal is must always completely self-less or purely altruistic in order to be motivated by something good. But ultimately, righteous anger is advocating for a just principle that serves more than the self. An example is the Civil rights movement: each person of color involved in this movement was certainly advocating for themselves and their own inherent right to be treated justly, but also in a larger sense, they were fighting for the principle that all people have a right to be treated justly, as much of MLKs soaring rhetoric demonstrated.
Whereas, zeal or anger that comes from a wellspring of hatred and vengeance might take upon it any number of external justifications, even might look like it is working for the greater good, but its ultimate root is the perverse satisfaction of seeing others suffer under its zeal. Again from our reading, Swedenborg writes:
[its] internal element is hostile, savage, harsh, seething with hatred and vengeance, and it feeds on the delights of those emotions…. And even if it is appeased, still those emotions lie concealed within, like fires smoldering in the wood beneath the ash.
We are cautioned here against anger for the sake of anger, anger makes us feel powerful and potent and superior, as opposed to anger roused for the sake of justice itself, for the sake of how justice might be realized for all. Due to its emotional potency, anger can be seductive, even if we start out with good motivations, we can become addicted to how it makes us feel. Even more so if our anger has always burned for selfish reasons, smoldering in wait for a reason to lash out.
So it can be easy to imagine that anger is always a bad thing, and this can be confusing when we contemplate how often God is characterize as angry and wrathful in the bible. In the Old Testament, the prophets portrayed God as extremely angry when the Israelites consistently worshiped idols and ignored the vulnerable among them. From Amos we hear:
This is what the LORD says: “For three sins of Israel, even for four, I will not relent. They sell the innocent for silver, and the needy for a pair of sandals.(2:6) “I abhor the pride of Jacob and detest his fortresses; I will deliver up the city and everything in it.” (6:8)
Swedenborg makes the important point however, that even with God, how it might have appeared to the prophets, how they interpreted their visions in their context, is different from the reality. He writes:
So it is that the Lord's zeal, which in itself is love and compassion, is seen by them as anger…in fact there is no anger whatever in the Divine, nor any evil whatever, only pure forbearance and mercy. (1)
If God’s love and compassion are infinite, certainly God’s zeal, God’s passion, for us is beyond imagining. Love and compassion demand justice for all who are loved, demand that each beloved child of God be able to experience conditions of safety and contentment. Systems, like patriarchy for example, often serve some and not others, and can lead to some people, through no fault of their own, to be forgotten. But where injustice prevails, God sees those who are forgotten and lifts them up. Thus God’s zeal works for justice, for access for all to what they need to survive and thrive.
So how does God work to see that the forgotten, like the widow in the parable, be brought into community, into thriving? One way is through just systems and institutions instead of unjust ones. God gave a system of laws to a community, in the Old Testament this was the Israelites, and this community set up systems of justice so that they might be able to hold each other accountable to a shared mission for the greater good. And thus we see the widow appealing to the judge in the parable.
Such institutions are not infallible of course. People like the unjust judge rise up into power. People motivated by winning, by profit, supremacy, reputation, and glory. This is why we see in this parable a contrasting comparison between God and the judge. Even though this judge was associated with a system of justice, his heart was not in it. But God’s heart is always in it for us. God’s spirit moves along with those seeking for, working for, and creating justice. God’s spirit responds to this work and this desire. Our shared institutions, our shared vision for our communities need not be co-opted by selfishness. God will work with us to create and support a just world.
And so this widow is lifted up, that we might all seek the realization of a world in which she does not need to supplicate, did not need persistence, a world that sees her and values her automatically. For this we might pray, yes, in our minds and hearts, but we also pray with our feet, our letters, our compassionate and open conversation, our service, and our persistent protest.
Of course, when we talk about good zeal and bad zeal, righteous anger and unrighteous anger, we separate something in concept that is much more complicated in reality. We all act from mixed motivations. We all act from fear and self-centeredness sometimes, and altruism and love other times. We are simply human. So, if we are to take on the full import of this parable, to assimilate the necessity of persistent prayer towards a just world, we must recognize that our own hearts are a part of that world. Our persistent prayer cannot be for God’s intercession separate from our own engagement, for we know that God doesn’t work like that, our persistent prayer must be for justice to prevail in each and every heart, ours included.
For, righteous anger is powerful, and it is a very good thing in so far as it motivates us, gives us courage, gives us hope, gives us resilience, gives us the fortitude to do something difficult over and over again. But we cannot allow ourselves to get caught up in that power. Swedenborg writes:
The zeal of a good love immediately dies down and softens when the other desists from the attack; whereas the zeal of an evil love persists and is not extinguished.
Let us watch ourselves then, with both compassion and accountability, watch when our anger dissipates and when it does not, and ask ourselves what we holding on to and why. Zeal for justice is borne out of love, and when justice is achieved, love is what remains. It can be a cautious love, a wise love, a love with boundaries, a love born of clarity, but it holds possibility within it, not vengeance. A possibility that brings us all forward together, if we allow for it.
(1) Secrets of Heaven #8875
Amos 2:6, 14-16
6 This is what the LORD says: “For three sins of Israel, even for four, I will not relent. They sell the innocent for silver, and the needy for a pair of sandals. 7 They trample on the heads of the poor as on the dust of the ground and deny justice to the oppressed.
14 The swift will not escape, the strong will not muster their strength, and the warrior will not save his life. 15 The archer will not stand his ground, the fleet-footed soldier will not get away, and the horseman will not save his life. 16 Even the bravest warriors will flee naked on that day,” declares the LORD.
1 Then Jesus told them a parable about their need to pray always and not to lose heart. 2 He said, "In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor had respect for people. 3 In that city there was a widow who kept coming to him and saying, "Grant me justice against my opponent.' 4 For a while he refused; but later he said to himself, "Though I have no fear of God and no respect for anyone, 5 yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will grant her justice, so that she may not wear me out by continually coming.' " 6 And the Lord said, "Listen to what the unjust judge says. 7 And will not God grant justice to his chosen ones who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long in helping them? 8 I tell you, he will quickly grant justice to them. And yet, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?”
Marriage Love #365:5
The zeal of a good love harbors in its inner aspects friendship and love, but the zeal of an evil love harbors in its inner aspects hatred and vengeance. We said that zeal appears in outward respects like anger and rage, both in those who are prompted by a good love and in those who are prompted by an evil love. But because the internal elements are different, so also their expressions of anger and rage are different; and the differences are as follows:
1. The zeal of a good love is like a heavenly flame, which never leaps out to attack another, but only defends itself - defending itself against an evil assailant in much the same way as when such a one rushes at fire and is burned; whereas the zeal of an evil love is like a hellish flame, which spontaneously leaps out and rushes upon another and tries to devour him.
2. The zeal of a good love immediately dies down and softens when the other desists from the attack; whereas the zeal of an evil love persists and is not extinguished.
3. The reason for this is that the internal element in one who is prompted by a love of good, is, in itself, gentle, mild, friendly and kind. Consequently, even when, to protect itself, the external element hardens, stiffens, bristles, and so acts harshly, still it is tempered by the goodness which moves its internal element. Not so in evil people. In them the internal element is hostile, savage, harsh, seething with hatred and vengeance, and it feeds on the delights of those emotions. And even if it is appeased, still those emotions lie concealed within, like fires smoldering in the wood beneath the ash; and if these fires do not break out in the world, nevertheless they do after death.


- The Federal High Court in Abuja on Tuesday declined to grant bail to suspended Deputy Commissioner of Police, Abba Kyari and four others
- Kyari and four others are standing trial for alleged hard drug trafficking offences preferred against them by the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
- Meanwhile, the NDLEA had on March 7, arraigned Kyari (1st defendant) and six others on allegations bordering on a cocaine deal
On Tuesday, August 30, the Federal High Court in Abuja fixed October 19, 20 and 21st as the trial dates for the embattled Deputy Commissioner of Police, Abba Kyari and four others.
Justice Emeka Nwite fixed the trial dates in his ruling on Tuesday in the nation’s capital, Channels TV reported.
He equally declined to grant bail to suspended Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), Abba Kyari and four others.
NDLEA versus Abba Kyari
They are being prosecuted by the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) on allegations bordering on a cocaine deal.
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Kyari was arraigned alongside four suspended police officers including ACP Sunday Ubia, ASP James, Inspector Simon Agirigba and Inspector John Nuhu as 2nd to 5th defendants respectively.
Ruling on the bail application, Justice Emeka Nwite said the applicants failed to present sufficient materials and evidence to warrant the granting of the fresh application.
Court voids FG's request for Abba Kyari’s extradition to US
The Federal High Court in Abuja has ruled that the federal government's request to extradite Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) Abba Kyari to the United States (US) is “incompetent and bereft of merit”.
The hearing presided over by Justice Inyang Ekwo was held on Monday, August 29.
The court's position is that the Extradition Act forbids the surrendering of a defendant already facing trial before a competent court.
"DCP Abba Kyari in our custody", official reacts to report of escape after terrorist attack on Kuje Prison
Meanwhile, the Nigerian Correctional Service had debunked reports that the suspended deputy commissioner of police, Abba Kyari, escaped during the Tuesday, July 5, terrorists' attack on Kuje Prison in the Federal Capital Territory.
Shortly after the late-night attack on one of Nigeria's top prison facilities, reports filtered into the media space that some top prisoners, including Kyari, managed to escape during the attack.
However, speaking to Legit.ng, the spokesperson for the NCS, Umar Abubakar, said the report is misleading.
He added that the suspended police officer who is facing charges for drug trafficking, among others, is hale and hearty.


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BreakoutEDU games are a series of puzzles that require players to analyze the clues to open the corresponding locks. There are games that are digital, games that use a physical kit, and games that use both.
Want to use Breakout boxes (physical kits or digital) in your classroom or for a school event? Reach out to email@example.com for more information about what is available.

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What To Do If You Have a Spotted Lanternfly Infestation
The spotted lanternfly continues to spread fast in the central new jersey region, and various parts of Pennsylvania. This highly destructive insect is native to Asia and accidentally arrived in the US in 2012. It has been known to eat grapes, trees, flowers, vegetables, and many other plants in its path, making it very dangerous!
Any farmer in this area is undergoing stress due to the loss of their crops to this insect. Due to their damage to forestry and agriculture products, they are a threat to the economic wellbeing of the citizens of New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
If you spot a spotted lanternfly in your garden, report to the NJ or PA department of agriculture.
In the meantime, you can use these DIY tips to remove these unwanted bugs:
Squash the bugs
It is the least harmful method to the environment as no chemicals are used
Spray bottle of insecticidal soap
Spray the lanternflies on contact. Dish soap has been found to be effective in controlling lanternflies.
Capture Flies in a Bottle
holding a bottle in front of the insects makes them jump in
Use a shop vac
It will suck up the insects and then you can kill them
Wrap your trees with duct tape or sticky paper
Hose down the lanternflies if they are already on a tree and then apply duct tape or sticky paper around the trees. The insects will get trapped and you can get rid of them.
Spray weeds with vinegar
It kills the flies immediately
This poisonous plant attracts the lanternflies but kills them once they ingest it

domain: agronomy


In what comes as welcome news for the people of Ladakh, the Jammu & Kashmir administration has fulfilled the long pending demand of the people to create a separate revenue/administrative division for the region. The division will comprise Leh and Kargil Districts. Till now, the state of Jammu and Kashmir had two divisions- Kashmir and Jammu with Ladakh being the part of the former. Saugat Biswas, a 2006-batch IAS officer of the Jammu & Kashmir cadre, has been appointed the Divisional Commissioner for Ladakh division.
As per a tweet on this update by Department of Information and Public Relations of Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh is an isolated region with most of its part being 9,800 feet above the sea level. It has a sparse population and an inhospitable terrain which remains landlocked for nearly six months in a year. It poses insurmountable problems as far as the delivery of developmental schemes, redressal of public grievances, the conduct of administrative affairs and governance is concerned.
JK Govt orders creation of separate Ladakh Division pic.twitter.com/Uqkzr0PhP4
— DIPR-J&K (@diprjk) February 8, 2019
It also stated that the people of Ladakh have been demanding institutional arrangements that can help to promote and accelerate the pace of development and equitable all-round growth and development having regard to its peculiar geo-climate and topographic conditions. It is clear that the people of Ladakh have been demanding greater attention and better administrative apparatus so that the special needs of the region arising out of its peculiar circumstances are fulfilled. Finally, it is the present government which has taken a big step in the right direction.
The government has taken a number of steps for the development of the Ladakh region in the recent past. Earlier, it was reported that northernmost areas in the state of Jammu & Kashmir, viz. Kargil and Leh have been connected to the national grid. This is being seen as a shot in the arm for the ‘One nation One Grid’ project. The 220 kV Leh-Kargil-Alusteng Single Circuit transmission line spanning over 330 km is now ready. PM Modi had laid the foundation for this 220 kV Single Circuit transmission line in August 2014. This comes as a major relief for the remotely located region of Ladakh. Until now, it relied upon a local small hydro-plant and DG generation as it had not been connected to any power grid in the country. Power Minister R K Singh told the Times of India, “This is a milestone for our country. We have now connected our northernmost areas to the national grid. It is a milestone for the people of Ladakh and Kargil. Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone on August 12, 2014 and it was commissioned during this government’s tenure. This is commitment to people’s welfare.”
In another development, a railway line connecting Ladakh to the National Capital has been approved by the central government. The Railway line project will cut short the journey time between Delhi and Leh by almost half. The whole track laid down will be in broad gauge, resulting in easier transportation between Bilaspur in Himachal Pradesh to Leh in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. The project will serve as an extension of the Kangra Valley Railway to Mandi. The movement between Delhi and Leh will come down to 20 hours from the 40 hours. As per the findings from the first phase of the survey, the ambitious project is scheduled to have 74 tunnels, 124 major bridges, and 396 minor bridges. The trains running on the Bilaspur-Manali-Leh line will run at a maximum speed of 75 kilometers per hour, a great speed considering the elevation which is predominant in the terrain.
There have been a lot of speculations about trifurcation of Jammu, Ladakh, and Kashmir in order to solve the complex issues as far as the state of Jammu & Kashmir is concerned. One hopes that the creation of a separate revenue/ administrative division is a firm step in this direction.


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Situated on a cobbled cul-de-sac in the heart of Marylebone, The
Mews sits amongst historic former carriage houses. Laid out over
three floors, it offers two bedrooms, open plan living spaces and a
kitchen with beautifully laid out dining space.
This prime location offers a plethora of things to see and do right on your doorstep. Whether it's taking a stroll along Oxford Street to the iconic Selfridges department store, or heading to Regent's Park and the world-famous London Zoo. A short walk away, you also have access to The Marylebone Village, one of London's most vibrant shopping districts, renowned for its abundance of independent eateries and lifestyle boutiques.
Lower Ground Floor
The City of Westminster is arguably one of the most recognisable boroughs in London - it houses over 11,000 listed buildings of architectural and historical importance including Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square.
It's also home to the West End of London - a vibrant cultural hub for world-class museums, theatres, exhibitions and flagship department stores.

domain: geography


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The Shubert Organization and Neil Meron announced today that Emmy nominated writer and comedian Amber Ruffin has joined the creative team for the upcoming Broadway-aimed production of Some Like It Hot. Ruffin joins Tony nominee Matthew López to adapt the musical comedy from the beloved MGM film and will begin performances in 2022. Some Like It Hot is a brand-new Broadway musical comedy, featuring a book by Matthew López (The Inheritance) & Amber Ruffin (The Amber Ruffin Show), music by Marc Shaiman, lyrics by Scott Wittman and Marc Shaiman (Hairspray) and direction and choreography by Casey Nicholaw (The Book of Mormon). The musical is based on the classic MGM Oscar-winning film Some Like It Hot which has been named the “Funniest American Movie of All Time” by the American Film Institute.
Amber Ruffin on joining the creative team: “I am so thrilled to be working with real Broadway legends Matthew López, Casey Nicholaw, Marc Shaiman, and Scott Wittman on this honestly groundbreaking project. This is truly a different kind of musical and I can't wait for people to see it!”
Matthew Lopez on working with Ruffin: “When I was first approached to write Some Like it Hot, the idea that convinced me it was something worth doing - besides getting to work with Casey, Marc, and Scott - was the opportunity to take a classic comedy about Prohibition-era America and rethink it for a contemporary audience,” said Matthew López. “As a queer BIPOC writer, it is an exciting proposition to create a show with characters whose race is instrumental (and not incidental) to the story. It became apparent to me that if we were to honor our commitment to tell that story with honesty and integrity, it required a Black creative voice on the team. It didn’t take long for all of us to agree that Amber was the person to approach. It is my great joy and pleasure that she agreed to join us. That she’s smart and funny and deeply kind is no surprise to anyone who has been paying attention to her work and career these last several years. I cannot wait to huddle in the back of the theatre with her every night and work with her to continue to make this show the thing we all set out to create.”
Photo: Getty Image

domain: artistic


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Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921) was a U.S. astronomer whose work guided the field to understand distances in the universe. At a time when women's contributions were undervalued, attributed to male scientists, or ignored, Leavitt's findings were seminal to astronomy as we understand it today.
Leavitt's careful work measuring the brightness of variable stars, forms the basis of astronomical understanding of such topics as distances in the universe and the evolution of stars. Such luminaries as astronomer Edwin P. Hubble praised her, stating that his own discoveries rested largely on her accomplishments.
Early Life and CareerHenrietta Swan Leavitt at work on cataloging stars while at Harvard Observatory. Harvard College Observatory
Henrietta Swan Leavitt was born on July 4, 1869, in Massachusetts to George Roswell Leavitt and Henrietta Swan. Little is known about her private life. As a college student, she studied a number of subjects, falling in love with astronomy during her years at what later became Radcliffe College. She spent some years traveling around the world before settling back in the Boston area to pursue further studies and work in astronomy.
Leavitt never married and was considered a serious, church-going woman with little time to waste on more frivolous aspects of life. Her co-workers described her as pleasant and friendly, and very focused on the importance of the work she was doing. She began to lose her hearing as a young woman due to a condition that only worsened with time.
In 1893 she began working at Harvard College Observatory under the direction of astronomerE.C. Pickering. He directed a group of women, dubbed merely as "computers". These "computers" conducted important astronomy research by studying photograph plates of the sky and cataloging characteristics of stars. The women were not allowed to operate telescopes, which limited their ability to conduct their own research.
The project involved careful comparisons of stars by looking at photographs of star fields taken several weeks apart to look for variable stars. Leavitt used an instrument called a "blink comparator" which allowed her to measure brightness changes of stars. It's the same instrument that Clyde Tombaugh used in the 1930s to discover Pluto.
At first, Leavitt took on the project for no pay (since she had her own income), but eventually, she was hired at a rate of thirty cents an hour.
Pickering took credit for much of Leavitt's work, building his own reputation on it.
The Mystery of Variable StarsA typical Cepheid variable star called RS Puppis. This image was made by data taken by Hubble Space Telescope. NASA/STSCI
Leavitt's main focus was a certain type of star called a Cepheid variable. These are stars that have very steady and regular variations in their brightnesses. She discovered a number of them in the photographic plates and carefully cataloged their luminosities and the period of time between their minimum and maximum brightnesses.
After charting a number of these stars, she noticed a curious fact: that the period of time it took for a star to go from bright to dim and back again was related to its absolute magnitude (the brightness of the star as it would appear from a distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years).
During the course of her work, Leavitt discovered and cataloged 1,777 variables. She also worked on refining standards for photographic measurements of stars called the Harvard Standard. Her analysis led to a way to catalog star luminosities across seventeen different magnitude levels and is still used today, along with other methods to determine a star's temperature and brightness.
For astronomers, her discovery of the "period-luminosity relationship" was huge. It meant they could accurately calculate distances to nearby stars by measuring their changing brightnesses. A number of astronomers began using her work to do just that, including the famous Ejnar Hertzsprung (who devised a classification diagram for stars called the "Hertzsprung-Russell diagram"), and measured several Cepheids in the Milky Way.
Leavitt's work provided the "standard candle" in the cosmic darkness they could use to find out just how far away things were. Today, astronomers routinely use such "candles" even as they still seek to understand why these stars vary in their brightness over time.
The Expanding UniverseThis Hubble image shows the Andromeda Galaxy and the variable star that Edwin P. Hubble used to determine the distance to Andromeda. His work was based on Henrietta Leavitt's work on the period-luminosity relationship. The upper right image is a closeup of the starfield. The lower right image shows his chart and notes upon discovery. NASA/ESA/STScI
It was one thing to use the variability of Cepheids to determine distances in the Milky Way-essentially in our cosmic "back yard"-but quite another to apply Leavitt's period-luminosity law to objects beyond it. For one thing, until the mid 1920s, astronomers largely thought that the Milky Way was the entirety of the universe. There was much debate about the mysterious "spiral nebulae" that they saw through telescopes and in photographs. Some astronomers insisted they were part of the Milky Way. Others argued they were not. However, it was difficult to prove what they were without accurate ways of measuring stellar distances.
Henrietta Leavitt's work changed that. It allowed astronomer Edwin P. Hubble to use a Cepheid variable in the nearby Andromeda Galaxy to calculate the distance to it. What he found was astonishing: the galaxy was outside our own. That meant the universe was much larger than astronomers understood at the time. With measurements of other Cepheids in other galaxies, astronomers came to understand distances in the cosmos.
Without Leavitt's important work, astronomers wouldn't have been able to calculate cosmic distances. Even today, the period-luminosity relationship is an important part of the astronomer's toolbox. Henrietta Leavitt's persistence and attention to detail led to the discovery of how to measure the size of the universe.
Henrietta Leavitt's LegacyThe study of variable stars by Henrietta Leavitt is her legacy to astronomy. NASA
Henrietta Leavitt continued her research until just before her death, always thinking of herself as an astronomer, despite her start as a nameless "computer" in Pickering's department. While Leavitt was not officially recognized during her life for her seminal work, Harlow Shapley, the astronomer who took over as the Harvard Observatory director, did recognize her worth and made her Head of Stellar Photometry in 1921.
By that time, Leavitt was already suffering from cancer, and she died the same year. This prevented her from being nominated for a Nobel Prize for her contributions. In the years since her death, she has been honored by having her name placed on a lunar crater, and asteroid 5383 Leavitt carries her name. At least one book has been published about her and her name is usually cited as part of the history of astronomical contributions.
Henrietta Swan Leavitt is buried in Cambridge, Massachusetts. At the time of her death, she was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the American Association of University Women, the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She was honored by the American Association of Variable Star Observers, and her publications and observations are archived at AAVSO and Harvard.
Henrietta Swan Leavitt Fast Facts
Born: July 4, 1869
Died: December 12, 1921
Parents: George Roswell Leavitt and Henrietta Swan
Birthplace: Lancaster, Massachusetts
Education: Oberlin College (1886-88), Society for the Collegiate Instruction of Women (to become Radcliffe College) graduated 1892. Permanent staff appointment to Harvard Observatory: 1902 and became head of stellar photometry.
Legacy: Discovery of period-luminosity relation in variables (1912), led to a law that allowed astronomers to calculate cosmic distance; the discovery of more than 2,400 variable stars; developed a standard for photographic measurements of stars, later named the Harvard Standard.
Sources and Further Reading
For more information about Henrietta Leavitt and her contributions to astronomy, see:
- American Association of Variable Star Observers: Henrietta Leavitt-Celebrating the Forgotten Astronomer
- Britannica.com: Henrietta Swan Leavitt
- Carnegie Science: 1912: Henrietta Leavitt Discovers the Distance Key
- Miss Leavitt's Stars: The Untold Story of the Woman Who Discovered How to Measure the Universe, by George Johnson. 2006, W.W. Norton and Co.
- PBS People and Discoveries: Henrietta Leavitt


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On this episode of 'Homeless in San Diego: Real People, Real Stories,' host Greg Anglea, CEO of Interfaith Community Services, welcomes Abrea Ponce and podcast alumnus David Baker. David and Abrea have dedicated their lives to helping homeless youth out of the difficulties they experienced first hand.
Having come from a variety of hardships, from being kicked out of her home at a young age, to entering the prison system right after, Abrea is now a Project Specialist at the Regional Task Force on the Homeless in San Diego. These experiences have redefined her perspective on many things and ultimately gave her new sense of purpose in helping homeless youth. It’s people like Abrea and David who show us that growth is truly possible and that the work being done to prevent these issues is in good hands.
Calls to Action:
Youth Listen up! – We need your voice to help with this movement. It is vital to ending youth homelessness that we solve these problems together.
Attend a Youth Advisory Board meeting
Where: San Diego Youth Services in Point Loma - 3255 Wing St, San Diego, CA 92110.
Date/Time: Every Thursday, 10 a.m. - 12 p.m.
Come as you are; all are welcome. Stipends provided.
Contact David or Abrea directly if you need help
David: (760) 519-4750.
Abrea: (619) 602-2006.
Provider Application – The Regional Task Force on Homeless has a Request for Proposal (RFP) out. Submit your proposal before June 30, to apply for funding for the following projects: Host Homes for Rapid Rehousing, Holistic Diversion/Prevention Services, Housing Navigators, and Youth Advisory Board.
Learn more about the Coordinated Community Plan.
Providers, learn more about the HUD's Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program.

domain: sociology


- 1 Which technologies does Audi use in its TFSI engine principle?
- 2 Are Audi TFSI engines good?
- 3 What’s better TDI or TFSI?
- 4 What is the difference between FSI and TFSI?
- 5 What is S line Audi?
- 6 What is a 35 TFSI Audi?
- 7 Which is the best Audi engine?
- 8 How many miles will an Audi last?
- 9 Why do Audi’s use so much oil?
- 10 Which is faster TDI or TFSI?
- 11 What does TDI stand for in Audi?
- 12 How long do TDI engines last?
- 13 Is FSI or TSI better?
- 14 Are FSI engines reliable?
- 15 Is TFSI supercharged?
Which technologies does Audi use in its TFSI engine principle?
This engine is equipped with “Cylinder on Demand” technology, which means that when operating at part load, four of its cylinders are deactivated. This reduces fuel consumption by an average of five percent.
Are Audi TFSI engines good?
In most cases, the Audi TFSI engine has proved reliable but, as with all engines, correct and timely maintenance is the key to longevity. Pre-2012 TFSI engines may have higher-than-average oil consumption, which could be nothing to worry about but in some cases signifies that the piston rings in the engine may be worn.
What’s better TDI or TFSI?
Traditionally there would be a premium for getting the diesel engine but in this case they cost exactly the same. According to Audi’s official figures the obvious benefit of the tdi is better economy but it is slower than the tfsi.
What is the difference between FSI and TFSI?
Tfsi has timing chains and fsi has timing belts. fsi has timing belts. TFSI – Turbo Fuel Stratified Injection.
What is S line Audi?
Audi S line is a trim package available for many Audi vehicles that provides a sportier appearance. The S line package often includes Audi Drive Select to allow you to change the vehicle’s suspension dynamics or a sport suspension. Distinctive exteriors, bumpers, and badging complete the package.
What is a 35 TFSI Audi?
As with all recent Audi models, the naming of the A3 35 TFSI gives few clues as to what’s under the bonnet, with this car getting a turbocharged 1.5-litre petrol engine producing 148bhp. It features smart fuel-saving technology that allows it to run using only two cylinders when cruising.
Which is the best Audi engine?
1. Supercharged 3.0L TFSI DOHC V6 — This engine is a our top pick based on power and its having the most placement on the Ward’s Automotive Top 10 Best Engines lists throughout the years.
How many miles will an Audi last?
But with a reasonable amount of maintenance, a modern vehicle can last to somewhere between a 150,000 to 200,000 miles. That number is based on taking really good care of the car, doing all of the maintenance that is required and recommended; and replacing your audi parts as soon as they start to wear out.
Why do Audi’s use so much oil?
Why Your Audi A4 is Burning Oil and Overheating The base problem with these engines is that the piston rings allow small amounts of oil to leak out into the cylinders. Once in the cylinders, it burns, leading to high oil consumption.
Which is faster TDI or TFSI?
So TDI being a turbo diesel engine, lies in the 90 to 150hp range. These engines have significantly more torque, something in the 150 to 240 lb/ft range. In comparison, the TFSI is a turbo gasoline engine racking up about 180 hp, but a similar torque.
What does TDI stand for in Audi?
The ‘DI’ element of the TDI tag stands for ‘Direct Injection’, the most efficient way of getting fuel into the car’s cylinders.
How long do TDI engines last?
The TDI engine may last up to 500k miles but everything around it won’t. And if you depend on VW dealerships to perform the repairs, plus the added premium of diesel fuel over high octane gas, the long term cost savings will erode. For example, the Turbocharger is good for 100 to 150k miles.
Is FSI or TSI better?
The TSI is a much better overall engine As others have mentioned, the timing chain, oil filter, etc are all improvements (even though the FSI oil filter was easy, too). However, the major improvements are found within the fueling system In addition, the TSI rods look stouter than the FSI rods.
Are FSI engines reliable?
The 2.0 turbo FSI ( Engine Code BWA) is the most reliable inline 4 modern engine made by VW group.
Is TFSI supercharged?
The 3.0 TFSI develops 213 kW (290 hp) and a huge 420 Nm (309.78 lb-ft) of torque. It combines two state-of-the-art technologies in perfect style – gasoline direct injection and compressor supercharging. Extensive comparative tests revealed the mechanical supercharger to be superior to a biturbo concept for this engine.


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I sent Fanny a “smile” for the first time in August 2011. The first thing that I told her was, “You have a nice smile”, to which she replied, “You are too kind.” I liked that answer, and I was intrigued by our 100% match. I was a young senior pastor in an elderly congregation with little extra time for meeting people my own age, and she was trusting in the Lord to guide her online experience. ChristianMingle provided a safe environment for us to meet genuine Christians. From that first “smile”, the messages soon grew longer and more frequent. Even though we lived only 30 minutes apart, neither of us was in a hurry to rush the process, and the online portion of our deepening friendship lasted 6 months before we upgraded to telephone conversations. But when she joked that it might be another 6 months on the phone before we met in person, I realized that we needed to see each other face-to-face.
We met up just before Valentine’s Day 2012, and I showed up with yellow tulips because I knew they were her favorite. I took her to an Italian restaurant where we talked so much that we missed our movie! On my way back to drop her off, she suggested we stop at a bookstore and browse. She didn’t want the night to end so soon either! A few days later, I went all out for Valentine’s Day to show her how much I liked her.
Early in our emailing stage, I asked Fanny what she found romantic, expecting her to list the usual things like chocolates, roses, and candlelit dinners. Instead, she opened herself up and described a romantic picnic scene, complete with the setting sun and a bit of light rain, offering me a glimpse of her heart and imagination. The evening I proposed to her, I attempted to recreate this romantic picnic in her living room. Her lamp was marked “sunset”, her potted plant “forest”; I squirted water out of a spray bottle to recreate the rain. I reread to her the words she had written and kissed her hand, just like in her story. Then I got on one knee and asked her to marry me, to which she answered, “A million times ‘Yes’.”
We got married in the fall, and it has been three months since our wedding. We feel so happy and blessed by the Lord, so grateful to Him for bringing us together.

domain: literature


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The Benefit That Comes with Benefits
Benefit packages are great. But when you’re an employer trying to stay competitive, benefits come with a price tag you might not like. With Delta Community, you can add the benefit of Credit Union membership to your list of things to offer your employees without incurring any costs to your business. You’ll appreciate the simplicity of it. And your employees will appreciate having all the services and available at Delta Community Credit Union.

domain: finance


After years of wrangling, Mississippi House and Senate negotiators on Tuesday said they’ve reached agreement on a medical cannabis bill and plan to pass it on to the governor on Wednesday.Keep Reading Final Mississippi medical cannabis measure expected Wednesday
The House on Wednesday passed a Senate medical marijuana proposal, but only after changing the bill to lower the amount of cannabis a patient could get. The vote was 104-14 on the amended Senate Bill 2095.Keep Reading Mississippi House amends medical cannabis bill, returns to Senate
The vote on Senate Bill 2095 was initially counted as 45-5, well beyond what would be considered a veto-proof majority, but subject to change as it was by use of morning roll call and senators could change their votes or check in through the end of the day.Keep Reading Senate overwhelmingly passes Mississippi medical cannabis
After years of debate and hang-fire, a Mississippi medical marijuana program for people with chronic and debilitating illnesses inched forward Wednesday, with a Senate committee passing a bill along to the full chamber.Keep Reading Senate vote on Mississippi medical cannabis bill expected Thursday. Here’s a look at the bill.
Legislative negotiators and leaders have agreed on a draft of medical marijuana legislation. Leaders on Thursday released some details of the proposal.Keep Reading MS lawmakers reach long-awaited medical marijuana deal
Mississippi Today political reporters Bobby Harrison and Geoff Pender discuss medical marijuana with Sen. Kevin Blackwell, R-Southaven, who has been leading the negotiations with Rep. Lee Yancey, R-Brandon, in hopes of reaching a compromise between the two legislative chambers on the issue.Keep Reading Podcast: MS Sen. Kevin Blackwell talks about medical marijuana
“I believe we have basically most of the major issues resolved,” said Sen. Kevin Blackwell, R-Southaven, who’s leading the Senate’s medical marijuana work. “… We’re very, very close.”Keep Reading Lawmakers ‘very, very close’ to medical marijuana deal
Mississippi lawmakers are trying to reach consensus on a medical marijuana program after the state Supreme Court shot down one overwhelmingly passed by voters last year with ballot Initiative 65.Keep Reading House, Senate leaders: Medical marijuana legislative session could be held in August


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Huge crowds descended on Conisbrough as organisers of the town’s annual gala hailed it the best yet.
Despite a morning downpour the shower failed to dampen spirits as hundreds of folk of all ages enjoyed an array of attractions.
Penny LLoyd-Rees, secretary of organisers Conisbrough Forward said: “It was a brilliant day and people stayed right to the end.
“Hundreds of people watched the Street Vibes dancers and the performance by Conisbrough Castle Cavaliers.
“It was really hot day and the downpour in the morning didn’t dampen people’s enthusiasm. I think it was Words: Kev Rogers
“It wasthe best ever, there were far more people here than last year.”
As well as dance performances other attractions on the Ivanhoe Centre fields included face painting, a fairground and bouncy castle as well as displays of falconry.
The Ivanhoe Centre hosted its first produce and craft show for years.
Ivanhoe Centre chairman, Ron Pleasance said: “It was a small show but a good one and we expect lots more entries next year.”

domain: entertainment


As the nation waits to see if a president gets impeached for only the third time ever, there have been accusations of extortion of world leaders by the first commander in chief to give hush money mid-campaign to a porn star.
But NBC News says what the impeachment hearings lack is "pizzazz."
The media observation, made on Twitter and in an extended piece online, lamented the first public inquiry hearing in more than 20 years wasn’t “dramatic.”
“At a time when Democrats are simultaneously eager to influence public opinion in favor of ousting the president and quietly apprehensive that their hearings could stall or backfire, the first round felt more like the dress rehearsal for a serious one-act play than opening night for a hit Broadway musical,” wrote Jonathan Allen.
The view wasn’t shared by all media, including others working at NBC News. Ben Rhodes, a regular commentator on MSNBC, said Allen took the wrong approach.
“Maybe it’s more important for the American people to learn the facts than to have an analysis of pizazz,” he responded. “That’s the purpose of public hearings and we’d be a lot better off if it was the basis for our politics.”
Regardless, quite a few lamented on Twitter a focus on pizzazz over substance, even at a time when drag queens are showing up to hearings to provide coverage for smartphone-only news outlets.
A sampling on the post-pizzazz commentary:


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- "....but I suspect that Ireland is important because it belongs to me." In context, one of Stephen's more arrogant, yet weirdly awesome moments. Hell, Stephen's whole drunken rage against the British soldiers is a great Refuge in Audacity moment subverted in that he ends up falling on his face and having to be rescued by Bloom, but still.
- The scene in the pub in "Cyclopes" where eternal doormat Nice Guy Bloom finally stands up to the anti-semitic Citizen and proudly affirms his own Judaism in front of everybody. The first scene in the whole book where Bloom shows real backbone.Bloom: Mendelssohn was a jew and Karl Marx and Mercadante and Spinoza. And the Saviour was a jew and his father was a jew. Your God.
- The last such scene takes place between the second-last and last chapters: Bloom has asked Molly to bring him breakfast in bed the next morning, instead of (as is usual) the other way round. Molly's interior monologue starts with her mulling over this request.
- The whole damn novel is one crowning moment of awesome for Joyce, who utilizes and parodies (sometimes affectionately sometimes not) so many styles of writing that the novel itself is an Odyssey tracing several hundred years of the literary discourse.
- Joyce wrote it during a period when his eyesight was failing, so to compensate he wrote in crayon on large sheets of butcher paper. This makes Justin Hammer's toolish self-promotion of "the Ex-Wife" even ''more'' clueless.
- As a testament to the book's influence, there's now a statue◊ of Molly Bloom standing in Gibraltar. She was chosen as the subject of the statue because she's—without doubt—the most famous Gibraltarian in the history of fiction.
Awesome / Ulysses


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Seeing double? That's not supermodel Christie Brinkley's twin sister posing next to her on the cover of Bella NYC's July issue. That's her stunning 15-year-old lookalike daughter, Sailor!
The former Sports Illustrated swimsuit model, now 59, was so proud of their joint cover that she posted the image on her Facebook page on July 8, captioning it "Sailor, Chester and me on our first cover together since Sailor started modeling!" (Chester is their adorable dog.) The Brinkley beauties sport similar beachy waves in the shot and matching gorgeous smiles. Both are wearing sweaters, but while the elder Brinkley opted to style hers off-the shoulder and pair it with a sequined mini skirt, her teen daughter went a more modest route, pairing hers with green jeans.
This isn't the only magazine that Sailor appears in this summer. The young model also posed for Teen Vogue's August issue, in which she she says she doesn't want to "turn into a stick" for the sake of her career. Her healthy role model? Mom, of course!
"It was only recently that I wanted to get into modeling. I said, 'Mom, should I diet?' and she was like, 'No! You don't need to be skinny, you just need to be happy with yourself and confident and fit.' All of her photos really show that. She was like a goddess," said Sailor.
For access to all our exclusive celebrity videos and interviews – Subscribe on YouTube!


|Publication number||US6160245 A|
|Application number||US 09/314,447|
|Publication date||Dec 12, 2000|
|Filing date||May 19, 1999|
|Priority date||May 19, 1999|
|Also published as||CA2301296A1, CA2301296C|
|Publication number||09314447, 314447, US 6160245 A, US 6160245A, US-A-6160245, US6160245 A, US6160245A|
|Inventors||John F. Broker, Douglas W. Gardner|
|Original Assignee||Maytag Corporation|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (34), Referenced by (10), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to the art of household appliances and, more particularly, to a variable volume signaling device for conveying to an operator of the appliance both the activation of user input controls and when the appliance reaches a predetermined operational stage.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Essentially all household appliances, including microwave ovens, ranges, dishwashers, washing machines, clothes dryers and the like, are provided with user input controls for use in selecting desired operating parameters of the appliances. For instance, a microwave oven generally incorporates an electronic keypad having both numeric and function control buttons which enable a user to select desired operation cycles, such as defrost or cooking cycles, and to also input activation time periods. Typically, a user would be provided with some type of feedback signal as a means of verifying when an engaged control button has been activated. Most commonly, an audible signal in the form of a short beep is produced to signify the pressing of each control button. In addition, it is common to signal the user when the selected operation cycle has been reached, such as an end of cycle feedback signal, by producing an audible signal which has a different tone, length or the like, as well as volume, from the key pressing signals. In the case of a microwave oven, this signaling generally takes the form of a series of louder beeps. In other types of appliances, such as clothes dryers, buzzers or tone generators are commonly utilized for this purpose.
Regardless of the type of audible signal produced, it is often desirable to adjust the volume level associated with such a signaling system. In certain appliance models, provisions are made for controlling the volume level of the signal indicating when a certain operational stage, such as an end of cycle condition, has been reached. However, it can also be desirable to vary the volume of the signals generated upon use of the keypad. Since the user will be situated at the appliance when inputting the desired cycle parameters and will generally be remote from the appliance when the cycle condition is reached, adjusting these volume levels evenly could result in the user being subjected to a somewhat ear splitting sound while operating the keypad. For at least this reason, audible signaling systems of the type described will generally have fixed volume signaling for the operation of the control pad, while some enable variances in the volume output for the operational stage signals. Although it would be possible to provide separate user input and operational stage signaling systems, each incorporating its own volume adjusting circuitry, such an arrangement would unduly add to the cost and complexity of the overall appliance.
Based on the above, there exists a need in the art of appliances for a signaling system which produces audible signals upon both the activation of user input controls and when the appliance reaches a certain operational stage, wherein the volume levels associated with each of the signals can be simultaneously adjusted at varying increments or rates.
An appliance constructed in accordance with the present invention incorporates a system for providing a first audible feedback signal to a user when input controls are manually activated and a second audible feedback signal when the appliance reaches a predetermined operational stage. The system is designed so that a single volume control change functions to adjust the volume levels of both the first and second audible feedback signals, with the volume level adjustments being automatically made, preferably at varying increments or rates.
Although essentially infinite volume levels could be developed between established high and low settings, in a preferred form of the invention, four predetermined sets of volume levels are available. More specifically, the audible signaling system can be turned off or placed in any one of low, medium or high settings. In the off position, no audible signals are produced. In the low setting, rather moderate signals, such as 40 dB for the first audible feedback signal and 45 dB for the second audible feedback signal, would be produced. When the system is changed to the medium setting, the volume for each of the first and second audible feedback signals is automatically increased, but at varying increments or rates. For example, the first audible feedback signal would be increased a few decibels to, for instance, 43 dB, while the second audible feedback signal is increased to a much greater extent, for instance, to 51 dB. A similar step increase is made for each of the volume levels when the high setting is chosen. For example, the first audible feedback signal could increase to 46 dB, while the second audible feedback signal would jump to a much higher level, such as 63 dB. In any case, the established volume adjustment range for the first audible feedback signal would be less than the range associated with the second audible feedback signal, yet both signals would be systematically controlled based on a selected user setting.
With this system, even when the user desires the high level setting for the second audible signal, he or she would still experience a comfortable volume level when setting the input controls such that the user would be spared the ear splitting high decibel range established for the high second audible feedback signal when operating the input controls. Therefore, the system provides an integrated volume control arrangement which enables a single operator control to be used to adjust, at varying rates, multiple feedback signal volume levels simultaneously. The overall system can be advantageously used to selectively establish appropriate signal settings based on numerous factors, such as varying hearing capabilities between consumers, the location of the appliance in a particular home or simply the personal preferences between different appliance users.
Additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when taken in conjunction with the drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts.
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a washing machine incorporating the variable volume signaling system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary signaling control system for use in the invention;
FIG. 3 shows an electric circuit which forms part of the signaling control system in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows an electric circuit which forms part of the signaling control system in accordance with a second embodiment; and
FIG. 5 shows an electric circuit which forms part of the signaling control system in accordance with a third embodiment.
For exemplary purposes, the invention will be described for use in connection with a washing machine as generally shown at 2 in FIG. 1. However, it should be initially understood that the invention is equally applicable to various other types of appliances, including, but not limited to, microwave ovens, dishwashers, ranges, clothes dryers and various other common household units. As shown in FIG. 1, washing machine 2 includes an outer cabinet shell 4 having an associated door 6 which can be selectively opened to expose a washing basket 8. In the embodiment shown, washing basket 8 is mounted within outer cabinet shell 4 for rotation about an axis which is angled slightly downward and rearward. For the sake of completeness, washing basket 8 is shown to include a plurality of holes 10, as well as various annularly spaced and radially inwardly projecting fins or blades 12 which are fixedly secured to washing basket 8. In a manner known in the art, washing basket 8 is adapted to rotate during both wash and rinse cycles such that articles of clothing placed therein actually tumble through either a water/detergent solution or water supplied within washing basket 8. Of course, washing basket 8 is adapted to be driven by a motor (not shown), with the motor preferably being constituted by a variable speed, reversible electric motor. Washing machine 2 is also shown to include an upper cover 14 that provides access to an area for adding detergent, softeners and the like.
More pertinent to the present invention, washing machine 2 is shown to incorporate an upper control panel 16. In the preferred embodiment shown, control panel 16 includes a keypad, generally indicated at 20, and a rotary control knob 24. Keypad 20 and control knob 24 are utilized to manually establish a desired washing operation, with each of keypad 20 and control knob 24 being used to manually set certain cycle parameters of washing machine 2. For instance, keypad 20 is shown to include a section 30 used for setting a desired fill level for a given washing operation, a section 31 for use in establishing desired wash and rinse water temperatures and a section 32 for establishing a desired type of washing operation, such as gentle, normal or the like, typically based on particular fabrics being washed. On the other hand, control knob 24 is used to set the type and duration of the washing operation.
Although control panel 16 is shown to include keypad 20 and control knob 24, it should be understood that these particular types of control elements are merely intended to be exemplary and that other types of control elements, including manual switches or rotary knobs could be readily utilized. In accordance with the present invention, keypad 20 also includes a section 40 for use in establishing feedback sound levels provided to a user upon both the activation of the user input controls of keypad 20 and when washing machine 2 reaches a predetermined operational stage, such as an end of cycle condition. Keypad 20 and rotary control knob 24 form part of an overall appliance control system generally indicated at 50. Control system 50 includes a CPU 52 which incorporates a signaling control circuit 56 to which section 40 of keypad 20 is linked. CPU 52 controls the operation of the appliance by outputting signals to a wash and rinse cycle control module 58 and also to an audible feedback device 60, such as a buzzer or other type of tone generator. The present invention is particularly directed to the manner in which the settings established at section 40 of keypad 20 are processed by signaling control circuit 56 to establish variable volume outputs for audible feedback device 60 as will now be described in detail.
In the most preferred form of the invention, section 40 of keypad 20 includes four buttons 62-65 which can be used to manually select between off, low, medium and high volume feedback levels respectively. In accordance with the invention, the pressing of any one of buttons 62-65 functions to automatically set the volumes of both a first audible signal which provides the user with immediate feedback that a selected control panel button has been depressed and a second audible feedback signal used to indicate that an operational stage, such as the end of a cycle or a time to add bleach or fabric softener, of washing machine 2 has been reached. At this point, it should be recognized that the function of buttons 62-65 could be performed in various ways without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, a rotary knob or other type of signal level selector element could also be employed to switch between the multiple feedback settings. In addition, the actual number of volume settings could also be changed so long as at least two distinct signaling levels are provided.
In the embodiment shown, button 62 is used to turn off audible feedback device 60. That is, if no audible feedback signals are desired by the user, button 62 would be activated to send a signal to signaling control circuit 56 to cancel all outputs to audible feedback device 60. If button 63 is selected, rather low first and second feedback volumes would be established. For instance, the volume level associated with the first audible feedback signal would be set at approximately 40 dB, while the volume level for the second audible feedback signal would be set at approximately 45 dB. Therefore, the activation of any user input control on keypad 20 would be reflected by a tone or beep being produced in the order of 40 dB. On the other hand, when washing machine 2 reaches, for example, the end of a cycle, a 45 dB signal would be developed. Preferably, the second audible feedback signal would not only differ from the first audible feedback signal in volume, but also in duration and style.
If the user selects the medium level signaling button 64, the volume levels associated with each of the first and second audible feedback signals would be automatically adjusted, but at varying rates. For instance, the first audible feedback signal would be moderately increased a few decibels, e.g., to 43 dB, while the second audible feedback signal would be further increased, such as to 51 dB, by signaling control circuit 56. Finally, if the user selects the high level signaling button 65, the first audible feedback signal would again moderately increase to, for instance, 46 dB. At the same time, the second audible feedback signal volume would jump to a rather high level, such as in the order of 63 dB.
With this system, even when the user desires the high level setting for the second audible signal, he or she would still experience a comfortable volume level when setting the input controls. In any event, the system provides an integrated volume control arrangement which enables a single operator control to be used to adjust, at varying rates, multiple feedback signal volume levels simultaneously. The overall system can be advantageously used to selectively establish appropriate signal settings based on numerous factors, such as varying hearing capabilities between consumers, the location of the appliance in a particular home or simply the personal preference between different appliance users.
In the preferred embodiment described, the pre-established volume settings are simply stored in CPU 52. However, CPU 52 can be provided with suitable logic that would provide an essentially infinite number of settings. In this situation, the volume setting for the second audible feedback signal would simply be determined from a mathematical formula or preset curve that would adjust the second audible feedback signal at a different rate than the first audible feedback signal. In any case, it is preferable to have the second audible feedback signal increase at a rate which is multiple times greater than the incremental increase for the first audible feedback signal as the volume is adjusted from low to high. In the example provided, as the first audible feedback signal is increased 3 dB, i.e., from 40 dB to 43 dB, the second audible feedback is increase double, i.e., 6 dB or from 45 dB to 51 dB. When the first audible feedback signal is increased to high, another 3 dB increase is made, whereas the second audible feedback signal is increase four times this amount. Therefore, it is preferable in accordance with the invention to actually alter the second audible feedback signal multiple times the volume amount established for the first audible feedback signal when the signaling system is changed between its settings.
Although there are various ways to accomplish the variable volume aspect of the invention, it is preferable, as illustrated in FIG. 2, to step down an available 48 volt power supply 70 within washing machine 2 to create a 5 volt supply 72 which is filtered at 74 and delivered to a volume control module 76, such as a MOTOROLA 6805 uP chip. Module 76 then establishes the output frequency to audible device 60 based on its pre-programming and the user selected control inputs. It should be realized that the particular circuitry components utilized can greatly vary without departing from the invention and designing different circuitry to perform the same function is well within the skill of an ordinary artisan. However, for the sake of completeness, three possible circuit arrangements for audible device 60 and control module 76 will be described below with particular reference to FIGS. 3-5 wherein like reference numeral refer to corresponding components.
Initially, it should be noted that, in the most preferred form, audible device 60 is constituted by a piezoelectric device. In general, such sound producing devices are formed from complex crystals or ceramics which have the property of changing their dimensions in response to having a voltage placed across them. As such, they will vibrate when placed in an alternating voltage and, if the voltage is within a predefined range, an audible sound will be produced. Such devices are commonly used as buzzers, loudspeakers and the like, with an audible range roughly between 100 Hz to about 15,000 Hz, but preferably between 1,000 Hz to 10,000 Hz.
An important feature of piezoelectric devices is that they are self-resonant, i.e., they possess a natural electromechanical frequency at which they are most efficient. At frequencies above and below the resonant frequency, their sound producing efficiency falls off. The resonant frequency can be shifted by putting a reactive component, such as a capacitor, across the device. Also, the peak associated with the device can be broadened, at some loss to its efficiency, by putting a resistor across the piezoelectric crystal. In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, capacitor C1 and resistor R2 are provided for these purposes. Resistors R1 and R3 are provided to match the requirements of transistor driver Q1. Here, the chip of volume control module 76 generally functions to as a square wave generator. In this embodiment, audible device 60 has a resonant frequency of 2700 Hz which will produce a rather high pitched buzzing noise. The frequency can be adjusted to vary the volume of audible device 60, e.g., to 2300 Hz for a low output.
FIG. 3 is provided to illustrate the use of pulse width modulation (PWM) to vary the volume output. This embodiment is based on providing a constant frequency signal at the speaker output while varying the ON/OFF ratio of the pulse width modulation output signal. That is, the longer the "ON" time and the shorter the "OFF" time, the higher the average voltage developed. Therefore, the square wave produced will vary in form to develop high-to-low duty cycles. When the duty cycle is higher, more power is delivered to audible device 60 to develop a louder sound. Here, volume control module 76 is used to create the cycle variations.
As illustrated in the variable frequency circuit of FIG. 4, pin 13 of volume control module 76 drives Q1 "ON" when the voltage is at zero or close to common. This applies a positive voltage to one side (pin 1) of audible device 60. When pin 13 is high, i.e., at a voltage close to +5 Volts with respect to common, Q1 is "OFF" and pin 1 of audible device 60 is pulled down to -18.5 Volts by R2. Therefore, this circuit arrangement allows audible device 60 to see a signal near 24 Volts peak to peak from volume control module 76 which, in turn, is only operating with the 5 Volt input. In any event, this embodiment teaches one way in which the volume associated with audible device 60 can be varied through frequency changes. In other words, the loudest signal is developed at the resonance frequency of audible device 60 and lower volumes are simply established by altering this frequency.
In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the power to audible device 60 is increased by increasing the-amplitude of the AC voltage without increasing the DC voltage. This function is performed through the use of an AC voltage doubler circuit. In the embodiment shown, amplifiers Q1 and Q3 are driven by an AC voltage input. These amplifiers are essentially driven in parallel, with their outputs being in phase, i.e., the amplifiers are in synchronism. In order to effectively double the output voltage to audible signaling device 60, amplifiers Q1 and Q3 must be placed out of phase with one another so that when voltage to one is increasing, the voltage to the other is decreasing. The output of amplifier Q1 goes through Q2 and then to audible device 60. However, the output of amplifier Q3 leads to an inverter Q4, which changes the voltage signal 180°, and then to audible device 60 through Q5. With this arrangement, the outputs of Q2 and Q5 are out of phase such that their outputs are effectively summed to produce twice the AC change in voltage. This higher voltage is used to drive audible device 60 at the higher output level.
Based on the above, it should be readily apparent that the varying volume output required for the present invention can be developed in a number of ways. Therefore, although described with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be readily apparent that there exist numerous ways to accomplish the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. In any event, it is to be understood that the above invention description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive, such that the invention can be utilized in connection with various types of known appliances and should only be limited by the scope of the following claims.
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|US9078556||Sep 24, 2010||Jul 14, 2015||Bsh Bosch Und Siemens Hausgeraete Gmbh||Household appliance and method for operating a household appliance|
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|U.S. Classification||219/506, 219/720, 219/494, 340/392.3, 219/412, 340/384.72|
|International Classification||D06F39/00, H05B6/68|
|Cooperative Classification||H05B6/6435, H05B6/66, D06F39/005|
|European Classification||D06F39/00P, H05B6/66, H05B6/64K|
|May 19, 1999||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: MAYTAG CORPORATION, IOWA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BROKER, JOHN F.;GARDNER, DOUGLAS W.;REEL/FRAME:009981/0609
Effective date: 19990514
|Apr 22, 2004||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 27, 2008||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 10, 2012||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 12


The creative work of rapper EGO has recently become increasingly popular.
This was proved by the last concert, recently held in Nalchik. For two hours, the audience sang and danced with him, and at the end they applauded while standing. “It was grand! I gave a concert for the first time in Nalchik, and I was pleasantly surprised by the way I was met here! ”, The artist says.
What is the main secret of his success? To this question EGO replies shortly: "You need to sing about sore."
Just three days ago, the rapper released two new tracks: "At the helm" and "Do not cry." The last song turned out so vital that EGO plans to shoot a clip on it in the near future: “Now we are just getting ready to shoot a video for this song. I am sure they will understand her. We chose the topic specially, it is topical - dedicated to all wives and mistresses. ”
Also in line is the recording of new songs, which are undergoing full-scale work, and plans for the future include filming a concert, the organizers of which promise an enchanting show: “We always try to conduct concerts in an unusual format, to surprise the audience, to please her. Each track is a new catchy number. And therefore, we are not rushing things, but we are trying to approach this issue thoroughly, ”said the concert director of the artist, Arthur Shomakhov.
Well, we will wait for the performance of EGO in your city!
In December, the rapper will take a tour of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, a concert will also be held in Cherkessk, and towards the end of the month the idol will be met by fans from Saratov and Volgograd.
More videos on the artist's official website: http://www.egomc.ru/video


text:
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