text:
© Borgis - New Medicine 2/2010, s. 54-62
*Sándor Bollók1, Zsuzsa Menczel2, István Vingender2
Representations of the Social Body and Drug Use
1Semmelweis University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (TF), Budapest
Head of Faculty: Prof. Dr. József Tihanyi
2Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Budapest
Head of Faculty: Prof. Dr. Judit Mészáros
Aim. In our research we studied the connections between the body culture and drug using behaviour.
Material and Method. An empirical, survey-kind of analysis was carried out; the questionnaire contains a list of questions concerning the use of the body, the habits of body training, the sport career and drug use. A 600-person sample was surveyed. The ages of the students were 17-19 years.
Results. There is a relationship between the importance of appearance and substance use. Smoking and the appearance mean basically the same; it 'assists' the young in social-cultural integration and attachment. The regularity of alcohol consumption habits and the importance of appearance follow the same construction. The use of illegal drugs has an even stronger relation to them. Physical appearance is organized into sharply different models. Smoking is significantly linked to the external and the hygienic models, but negatively. Alcohol consumption is also related to the model of the external gathered factors and drug use does not significantly relate to any of the models, but the correlation with the two mentioned models is also stronger.
Conclusions. Nowadays the social representations of the physical body are strongly linked to drug use habits. Psychoactive drugs have already become part of young people's present general culture of body use and body image. These drugs become in themselves part of the models of the body and body use. Drug consumption is part of the representation of the body.
The structure of the body problems
While the body appears in questions related to the soul, the different forms of consciousness – such as thinking, faith, values, attitudes, etc. – also in the quality of interpersonal relationships and the different behavioural forms, in fact the body plays a main role in all that, the topic remains basically unknown for the social sciences. However, the human body, like all human manifestations and attributes, has not only natural/biological but also socio-cultural characteristics. The problem related to the body is strongly connected to other phenomena, first of all social gender, sexuality, sport, physical activity, aesthetic body reconstruction and also questions of health. The problem of the body is also related to basically all forms of human behaviour, so most probably also to drug use.
Based on the anthropological fundamentals of body problems the social culture plays a decisive role in the body use of people (1). The culture of society defines all forms of manifestation of the body. Social organization as the system of human relations defines the way the human body appears to society. This latter fact plays an important role in the construction of the ways of behaviour (2). Drug use is a fundamental cultural factor and organizing element of the way of life of numerous social groups, mainly that of youngsters. So, the obvious question is: Can any causal connection be found between the representations of the body and drug use?
Contemporary anthropology examines body problems in the context of modern social transformations. The role of the body and its social status is examined and analysed from the angle of the fight between the social genders, in social success and the processes of integration and also in the light of the development of multiculturalism. From this aspect the body is on one hand the symbolism of social phenomena and mechanisms, social and cultural representation, and on the other hand the body appears as symbolic capital and a tool in the processes connected with the former ones. Similar roles can also be found in the scenes of drug use. This parallelism suggests there could be similarities between the two phenomena and certain cross-influences also.
The turning point in scientific attention to the body was the 18th century. Firstly, at that time those social institutions were formed which "intruded on the human body” (3), opening up the isolated world closed down by the external borders of the body, making it public for common knowledge. These new institutions not only allow us a look into the inner world of the body but also fundamentally define its limits. They define the basic values of the body culture, form the most important ways of use of the body and frame the dominant directions of the body consciousness. From the end of the 18th century the way we deal with the body and how we think about it turned into the form of fulfilling the cultural norms.
Since that time bodily behaviour has had two, well-identified but still related dimensions: the visible and the invisible bodily functions (4). In the opinion of Elias this twofold approach has definitely changed the connection of people and their bodies, as the inner and outer bodily manifestations are considered on different levels of importance in different cultures. Certain cultures consider important only the inner world of the body. Others – the majority – put the emphasis on the importance of the outer characteristics of the body. The fundamental question is which traumas the change from the inner to the outer world of the body can cause to people and also which requirements are to be fulfilled by them in this new context. Surely, the inner and the outer world of the body are sharply segregated from each other. The inner dimensions of the body represent the individual, the individuality; the outer surface is rather trying to fulfil the cultural norms. This way the outer surface of the body turns into some kind of demarcation line, incarnating the duality of the individuality and the environment and moreover that of the cultural world. This duality results in colourful cultural models of bodily behaviours. The values of social integration, the references and the adequacy and autonomy, the freedom and the independence define the way how the representatives of certain cultures and subcultures dissolve the contradictions of this duality in their behaviour and bodily manifestations. In our opinion in this dissolution drug use, as a specific way of behaviour, has a decisive role.
The thinkers of social sciences in their empirical observations concerning body-related problems focus on the fact that human beings are strangers in nature due to the conflict between nature and culture, so humans seek asylum in culture (5, 6, 7). One of the contemporary forms of escape might be the culture of the use of the body. However, based on our previous research it was found that drug use might also play a similar role in certain subcultures (8).
The human body in itself does not possess any tendency to define or to transmit any meaning. The body, in its „pure” form, is a certain kind of biological manifestation; at the most it is the manifestation of the personality. Considering the body as represented above, it is the message of society to show which strategy is to be used to raise the social position, to improve the social chances (9). All this means the biological body and the social body are significantly independent from each other. The meaning and the condition of one cannot tell anything about the other. The two kinds of bodily dimensions can be in harmony but can also be in insoluble conflict with each other (10). As a result, the relationship between the bodily biological and social temperament is also a human-specific social, social-psychological characteristic. In the case of a harmonic relationship, when the individual lives a balanced, stable and coherent social life, his/ /her body image is in equilibrium. However, when the original and the recognized body image is significantly different, then this leads to embarrassment in body and soul. This latter can finally influence the social behaviour of the individual. Drug using behaviour can easily enter this field of conflict.
The connection between drug use and the body
The basic problem of our research is how to reconcile a material entity (the body) and a mainly spiritual but otherwise somatic-based behaviour. The logical discrepancy of these two factors leads to methodical problems also: How is it possible to find causal relationships and connections between these two phenomena so different in nature?
We may consider the following, not all but numerous, connections between the body culture (not in the meaning of sport, physical activity) and drug using behaviour:
1. The social representation of the body, and also its way of use, target and all experiences forming it and images, beliefs and symbols deriving from all this, and also the motivations of drug use, the ways of the use, the experience lived and the "joys” of the effects all allow solutions which are rooted in modern society and culture, to social integration and participation.
2. Both phenomena, at least in their relevant forms, are specific characteristics of the postmodern society. The emphasized manifestation and role of bodily representations are as much the products of our times as the scenario of mass young drug use.
3. Both phenomena are primarily related to adolescence. The socio-cultural role and relevance of bodily manifestations and also drug use (its illegal form) are also characteristic of the subculture of the young. Both phenomena can basically be derived from the social rank, status and roles of the young.
4. The contemporary views of bodily representations and drug use are specific tools of identity constructions of the young. They do not only take part in the latter but are also a generating factor and in some way the purpose and idol, too (11, 12, 13).
5. Both phenomena strongly participate in the construction of the social relationships of the young. In the world of the network communities bodily representations and drug use are important and constructive elements.
6. In a special way both elements are important status signs in the subculture of the young. They mark and define the occupied place in society and in the narrow environment. They are status symbols.
7. They not only mark the occupied positions/status but they also help to acquire them. The bodily markers allow the privileges in the above detailed way or deprive their owners of them. Drugs, due to their performance increasing, energizing and other effects, can assist one to acquire new social status (14).
8. Both factors are symbolic representations of the young generation. This way they have a (sub)cultural mission and interpersonal roles. These organize communities, reinforce their cohesion and at the same time they express the dimensions of connections, belonging, the "us” feeling.
9. Both factors include a significant opportunity of compensation so it can function as a technique like this. Deprivations occurring in other fields can be compensated or annulled by the overvaluation of the bodily representations and drug use in the (sub)culture.
10. Both factors have a performance improving effect. The above-mentioned social participation, its effectiveness and success can also be reinforced by physical capacities (inborn and acquired) and by drug use.
To sum up, the two phenomena, even being in two different socio-cultural fields, has several common characteristics. Therefore it is reasonable to suppose that there might be connections between them. Our research focused on this supposition.
The topic and the relevant questions of the research:
1. What kind of parallelisms and synergies can be shown between body representations and drug use?
2. Which bodily representations derive from the different ways of drug use?
3. What kinds of habits, attitudes and motivations are caused by drug use?
4. Are there any partial elements in the network system of the two phenomena and if there are, what are they?
5. Could the specific bodily representations be connected to scenarios of drug use?
6. Could physical education (not in the meaning of physical activity but socialization of the body culture) be an adequate tool or method of drug use prevention?
We are carrying out all parts of the research in the above-mentioned horizontal segments. The vertical dimensions would analyse the individual components, characteristics, attributes of bodily representations and drug use and analyse their "behaviour” in the context of the other part.
Methods and material
Our research was an empirical, survey-kind of analysis whose data were obtained from the answers to questionnaires filled in individually. The questionnaire contains a list of questions concerning the use of the body, the habits of body training, the sport career and drug use. There were altogether 63 questions. In this present analysis we obviously examine only a minor part of the data. The data were gained in 2008, by the help of interrogation agents. The data were analysed in 2009 in the final stage, using SPSS statistical program.
For our research we used a 600-person sample composed of 17 to 19-year-old secondary school students out of which 57.8% were males and 42.2% were females, so in the sample the males were overrepresented compared to the real proportions. But as far as the residence distribution is concerned our sample is closer to representing the real situation. 21.5% of the respondents were living in the capital, 38.8% in some other city, 39.5% in villages and 0.2% in farms. The secondary schools used in the sample to fill in the questionnaires were chosen randomly from the register of schools.
1. The social representations of the body are the main characters of the post-modern society, so these are essential questions for young people. This is considered in their minds as a significantly important method and tool in gaining social success and prosperity.
2. We suppose that society, culture and fashion set clear and very specific norms about the parameters of the ideal, "useful” body, able to reach success, and these prescriptions are followed by the young.
3. We suppose the contradictions among the above-mentioned social/cultural expectations, their fulfilment and acceptance, can cause social, cognitive and mental pressure that may often lead to drug use.
The interviewed group emphasizes the importance of the appearance. For 9 out of 10 young persons the appearance is significantly important, although hardly 10% approach this side of their personality neutrally. The proportion of those who do not even care about how they appear to the social world is basically insignificant. The preferences of external characteristics show a highly homogeneous image. It can be seen that the primacy of these external characteristics are not derived from the personality but norms and requirements regulated from outside worlds which the teenagers try to fulfil.
Table 1. How important is the appearance for you?
|1 Very important||229||38.2||38.2|
|2 Important enough||315||52.5||90.7|
|4 I do not care about my outlook at all||2||0.3||100|
The general value of the appearance appears in its segmented judgment as definitely articulated. The two most important factors are related to personal hygiene (well-cared-for appearance, fresh breath). The average value of these two factors also approaches the highest value of the scale. The variety of the answers is even smaller. The judgment about other bodily values and about factors in the representation of the body are harder to place in any groups. Among those ranked important enough are some related to body structure and body use (proportionate body, movement), as well as some related to decoration or representation of the body (perfume, clothing). The same can be said about the group of least preferred characteristics, in which height or eye colour and even the use of jewellery and piercing can also be found. If we do not consider hygienic parameters to be priority ones (it is possible based on reasons explained below) it can be declared that the different dimensions of the bodily appearance have no organized, well-built system; the young do not take their bodily advantages or inconveniences in a structure, but only randomly. For us this means that even if towards the external characteristics of the body there is a kind of uniform attitude, the structure of the appearance shows definitely individual solutions. This is basically in harmony with the theory of the plural society, so with the fact that there are some entities playing a cardinal role, their structure, inner emphasis and the ways leading to them are differentiated. The question, to be analysed later but not examined in this sub-group, of which aims and idols are followed by the bodily manifestations also plays an important role. The bodily conditions, as tools in self-realization and in capital conversion, obviously gain their importance depending on who has and what kind of specific vision, plan, idol about this and what he/she wants/supposes to use this for: in increasing the probability of success in human relationships, in the potential of realizing his/her needs, in one's future position in the field of employment. The heterogeneity of the judgments about the bodily manifestations is also proved by the fact that the less important one or another factor is considered to be based on the replies of the respondents, the higher is the differentiation level of the judgments about them.
Table 2. How important do you consider the following things in the personal appearance?
|Ideal female body||600||1||7||5.57||1.611|
|Weight of body||600||1||7||5.09||1.561|
|Ideal male body||600||1||7||5.05||1.750|
|Mimics of face||600||1||7||5.00||1.464|
|Height of body||600||1||7||4.24||1.545|
|Colour of the eyes||600||1||7||3.55||1.927|
(1: not important at all, 7: very important)
The role of the external characteristics of the body is considered in a very different way, as was supposed before, in the meaning that they ascribe a different level of importance to "good appearance” in different fields of life. But from another point of view they share the same opinion about the fact that they accord very similar importance to the appearance in the different spheres of life. This all shows that the social-cultural environment "describes” in a very homogeneous way the conditions of appearance in the different spheres of life. The only difference the young show is in the ranking of these spheres based on preference level in their own lives.
Table 3. Do you think the better your appearance is, the more chances you have in the following fields? (1=always, 2=occasionally, 3=no).
|At a party||600||1||3||1.33||0.553|
|Success at others||600||1||3||1.43||0.568|
The respondents consider definitely very important the appearance, in building intimate relationships and in the employment/work-related field. However, in the field of friendly-family kind of relationships, or in study-sport dimensions they consider external factors less important. It must be added though that this "less important” ranking is closer to the "occasional” ranking, too. So, to summarize it can be said that the respondents consider the bodily appearance relevant in all walks of life. For instance: 98.7% of the young consider at least "occasionally” important the appearance in "dating”; 96.7% in love; 66.7% in sport and 72.3% in friendship. In the opinion of 50.3% even the quality of family relationships is influenced by appearance. So the significance of the appearance is not placed in the important–not important scale but in the definitely important–very important one.
Table 4. Standing in front of a mirror reflecting your entire body, are you content with the image you see?
|Frequency||Percent||Valid Percent||Cumulative Percent|
|More or less yes ||450||75.0||75.0||88.8|
|No, as I do not like some part of my body||67||11.2||11.2||100.0|
Apart from the general judgments on external characteristics and their importance for us, the young's self-image remained the most important question.
Table 5. What would you do to change your body? (%).
|Different style in clothing||21.2|
|New types of cosmetics||11.2|
|Change from glasses to lenses||9.8|
|Not wearing glasses any longer||5.5|
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1. Mauss, Marcell: Szociológia és szociálantropológia. Budapest, Osiris Kiadó 2000. 2. Douglas, Mary: Rejtett jelentések. Budapest, Osiris Kiadó 2003. 3. Foucault, Michel: Felügyelet és büntetés. A börtön története. Budapest, Gondolat Kiadó 1990. 4. Elias, Norbert: A civilizáció folyamata. Budapest, Gondolat Kiadó 1987. 5. Berger, Peter L, Luckmann Thomas: A valóság társadalmi felépítése. Budapest, Jószöveg Műhely Kiadó 1988. 6. Hankiss Elemér: Az emberi kaland. Budapest, Helikon Kiadó 1999. 7. Featherstone, Mike: A test a fogyasztói kultúrában. in.: Featherstone, Mike - Hepworth, Mike - Turner, Bryan (eds): A test. Társadalmi fejlődés, kulturális teória. Budapest, Jószöveg Kiadó 1977. 8. Vingender István: A droghasználat szociális kontextusa. Budapest, Semmelweis Egyetem Egészségügyi Főiskolai Kar 2002. 9. Douglas, Mary: Natural Symbols. Exploration in Cosmology. New York, Pantheon Books 1982. 10. Hargreaves J: Body, Sport and Power relations. in.: Horne, J Jary, D, Tomlinson, A. (eds) Sport, Leisure arul Social Relations. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul 1987. 11. Peele, S: The meaning of addiction: Compulsive experience and its interpretation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books 1985. 12. Demetrovics, Zs: Drogfogyasztók társas kapcsolatainak személyközpontú felmérése: kezdeti eredmények. Szenvedély-betegségek, 4:6 1996. 13. Demetrovics, Zs: Drug and Disco in Budapest. Smoking, Alcohol Consumption and Drug-Using Behavior among Youth in Clubbing Culture. Budapest, Regional Resource Centre 1998. 14. Mauss, Marcel: "The Techniques of the Body". Economy and Society 1987 (1939); 2(1).

domain: psychology


Iraq's Communications and Media Commission has revoked the licence of Qatar-based state-funded broadcaster Al Jazeera for reportedly violating the country's official code of conduct and broadcasting rules and regulations that were issued in 2014 to regulate media coverage of "the war on terror". The commission also shut down the news outlet's offices in Baghdad.
This is the third time that Al Jazeera has been banned from reporting in Iraq. In 2013, in all nine satellite channels were banned from reporting on a military crackdown allegedly on Sunni Muslims. The state blamed the stations for promoting banned terrorist organisations who committed crimes against Iraqi people.
Reacting to the 27 April ban, Al Jazeera said that it was appalled and shocked by the decision. The Doha-headquartered company said on its website: "Al Jazeera is committed to its editorial principles in the coverage of current affairs in Iraq. It abides by its code of ethics in its coverage and programming, and by the highest global standards of professionalism, and has been doing so since its launch.
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domain: politics


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Donald and Melania trump
During the official round of the 48-year-old Melania trump to Africa journalist of TV channel ABC got her interview — the TV version of the conversation with the first lady of the United States will air today. Meanwhile, the channel continues to introduce excerpts from this conversation. It turns out that in the sensational interview to the correspondent of the Llamas Melania told not only about their own fears, harassment and difficulties the first lady, but also about his reaction to the numerous rumors about the infidelities 72-year-old wife of Donald trump.
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— admitted Melania.
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domain: celebrity


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Acadiana Addiction Center helps individuals battling with codeine addiction build a strong foundation for long-term recovery. Cocaine abuse also frequently prospects to heart attacks, actually in younger people who have very little other cardiovascular risk factors. Whenever people have outbreaks across their face and skin, while it could be due to something immediately on and to carry out with the skin alone, sometimes it is caused by some neurological issue, especially brought about simply by drug use. Heart: Most recreational drug use is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Substance abuse is when you use legal or illegal substances in ways you should not.
The long-term effects of codeine use will probably result in physical dependency along with serious emotional risks. Polysubstance use complicates the capability to study and be familiar with physiological effects of specific drugs on women, whilst increasing the risk linked with synergistic effects when substances are combined. Some drugs dry out the salivary glands, cause users to work their teeth and rot teeth out from the root. If your drug make use of is causing problems in your life—at work, school, home, or in your relationships—you likely have a medication abuse or addiction problem.
Using opium too much and for prolonged periods of time can lead to a tolerance of the drug. As the second-largest organ in the body, a wholesome liver does many things, including process food and solution into energy and nutrients for the rest of the body, and it filters out harmful substances in the blood. To properly cure following recovery from addiction and help prevent a relapse, it is crucial to take gradual procedure for restore your physical wellness. The method by which a drug is administered establishes how fast it affects the body and brain.
When a pregnant woman abuses drugs, she is usually potentially putting both herself and her baby in danger. On top of that, some drugs can harm the fetus so significantly it dies. Substance abuse and habit are fully treatable. There is several evidence that ecstasy may cause harm to some parts of the brain and this regular, heavy use can result in depression. However, learning the facts about medications and alcohol can support you make informed decisions about your health. Since there is simply no single test that may definitively diagnose someone with a chemical use disorder, health-care professionals assess these disorders by gathering extensive medical, family, and mental-health information, as well because securing a physical evaluation and medical tests to evaluate the sufferer’s medical condition.
Some medicines, however, produce metabolites that may cause their own physical symptoms. The crash” that uses an activator high can be significant, departing a person feeling really fatigued, hungry, irritable, emotionally confused, and depressed, which is followed by intense cravings. Drug craving can easily shift a person’s entire mental focus to obtaining the drug. Drug mistreatment can cause a variety of heart problems, from flattened veins and infected heart valves, to abnormal heart rate and heart attack.
The brain runs or monitors the body’s homeostasis, making adjustments to maintain a healthy, functioning system. In addition to the path of administration, the number of drug that can enter the system at a period is an important element as well. It’s physical, mental and emotional – all reasons to seek prescription drug abuse treatment today. Millions of people about the world consume drugs each and every day time – from a drink after work to unwind, to a line of cocaine or a hit of ecstasy to maintain energy about the dance floor.
Avoid emotional appeals that may only increase feelings of guilt as well as the compulsion to use medicines. Furthermore to cancers in the lung, another actually more probable outcome in many drug users, especially those who smoke their chemicals, is the probability of developing lung disease. Though there may be inconveniences to lending help, such as denying the living of the problem because a coping mechanism, witnessing the signs and symptoms of medicine abuse will often motivate a concerned person to action.
As the dangers of stimulant abuse and addiction became apparent, the medical uses for the substances were limited to narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and depression. For more information on how various drugs affect different parts of the body and disease risk, select an alternative in the Contents. Continual substance abuse causes irreparable brain damage, which can manifest as memory loss and personality changes. In Canada, find treatment helplines from Canadian Centre about Substance Abuse. Alcoholism is an habit to alcohol, and it is one end of a spectrum of liquor abuse.
The brain and body is delicately balanced, this can be the kind of balance that working with drugs can upset. The American Society of Dependency Medicine (ASAM) defines dependency as a disease impacting brain chemistry and circuitry, which then leads to compulsive drug-seeking and using behaviors. Families and friends have got to watch as the drug abuser pulls aside and the effects of drug abuse ravage their human body and mind. Among higher risks of cancer, heart stroke, and heart disease, drug abuse can deteriorate every system that keeps the physique functioning.

domain: medical


text: Active Ca(2+) absorption through epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5/6 in duodenum is activated by hyperpolarisation. However, when diet and Ca(2+) are plentiful, digestion products cause depolarisation. We therefore used homology-based PCR from a rat jejunal mucosal cDNA preparation to reveal the presence of the neuroendocrine L-type isoform Ca(v)1.3alpha(1). Immunocytochemical labelling and immunoblotting localised Ca(v)1.3 alpha(1) protein in apical membrane from proximal jejunum to mid ileum. Perfusion studies in vivo with 1.25 mM luminal Ca(2+) revealed L-type channel activity. Inhibition of glucose absorption with phloridzin strongly inhibited 45Ca(2+) absorption; absorption was inhibited by nifedipine and Mg(2+) and activated by Bay K 8644, none of which affect TRPV5/6. At 10mM Ca(2+), nifedipine inhibited 45Ca(2+) absorption with a time course similar to that at 1.25 mM Ca(2+): absorption was therefore channel-mediated rather than paracellular. We suggest that in times of dietary sufficiency, Ca(v)1.3 may mediate a significant route of Ca(2+) absorption into the body.

domain: chemistry


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Rep. Bill Dunn, a Tennessee Republican, said it is too early to predict if voters will approve the referendum, which will appear on the ballot in November 2002. A similar referendum passed last year in South Carolina.
If Tennessee were to implement a lottery, Dunn said a large portion of the money raised likely would go towards college scholarships.
Like some N.C. legislators, Dunn said several Tennessee lawmakers have argued that neighboring states like Georgia that already have lotteries are luring money away from the state.
A lottery in Tennessee would completely surround North Carolina by states that permit lotteries.
In his first State of the State address on Monday, Gov. Mike Easley advocated a lottery in North Carolina, pointing to the millions of dollars in revenue North Carolina is losing to neighboring states.
Some N.C. legislators have said voters in the state should have the chance to decide whether to join their neighbors in rolling the dice with a referendum.
"If the people of North Carolina vote on it and don't think it's wise, I respect their decision," said Rep. Bill Owens, D-Camden, sponsor of a bill to put a lottery referendum on the ballot in North Carolina in May 2002.
Owens said Tennessee's actions will only improve the chances of a lottery referendum passing in North Carolina. "If we don't pass it, it's just more money thrown out of North Carolina."
He added that if North Carolina does not implement a lottery, the governor's office has estimated that the lost revenue could reach as high as a $500 million.
Owens has introduced a lottery referendum to the N.C. House three times before, but all three proposals have died in committee.
The current bill is pending in a House committee, and Owens said he is not sure of a timeline for a full vote.
He said the bill would direct lottery proceeds to educational and infrastructure improvements in the state.
Owens also said 25 percent of lottery revenue would be used to fund college scholarships, similar to programs in Georgia.
But Sen. Virginia Foxx, R-Alleghany, said the Tennessee decision is no reason for North Carolina to jump on the lottery bandwagon.
She also said estimated revenue loss to the state has been exaggerated. "(Owen's estimate) is a totally inflated figure," she said. "I don't think (the loss is) anywhere near what lottery proponents say it is."
Foxx said there is no way to estimate exactly how much the state would stand to lose.
"There isn't anything to back up their argument," she said. "They don't know how much we're going to lose."
Foxx also said a referendum would raise constitutional questions. "We're not an initiative and referendum state like California," she said. "The only legitimate thing to do is to put it to a vote up or down (in the legislature)."
The State & National Editor can be reached at email@example.com.
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domain: economics


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The appointment of Maite Sánchez as oenologist in 2009 marked a new era for Arrayán in terms of both the process of making its existing wines and her focus on adding autochthonous varieties to our range.
Her priority since then has been to enable the vines to bring out the full expression of each terroir. To achieve this, our vine-growing practices are environmentally-friendly, without herbicides or pesticides, in order to favour biodiversity and balance.
The same approach is applied to winemaking: fermentation occurs spontaneously using the grapes' natural yeasts, without any added products, the goal being to achieve the maximum purity and personality. The fundamental process of ageing takes place in appropriate vats to prioritise the expression of the fruit, using casks of different sizes from a range of coopers.
The grapes from each vineyard are processed separately so as to bring out the personality of each estate and village. This approach results in the wines from the 'La Verdosa' estate and those from the other villages where we have vineyards: Almorox, where the vineyards for Arrayán Albillo Real are located; El Real de San Vicente, where we harvest the grapes for La Suerte de Arrayán; and Cebreros, where the grapes for Garnacha de Arrayán are grown.
The huge differences in soil, variety, altitude and exposure give rise to each wine's unique personality.
Spain has a wealth of grape genetics. However, the industry focuses on just a few varieties, with the result that this diversity is in danger. In order to research the potential of some varieties now classified as marginal but which were once grown on our lands, we grafted eight under-represented autochthonous varieties, which were located with the assistance of the IVICAM (Wine and Vine Institute of Castilla-La Mancha):
- Hairy garnacha
- Grey garnacha
- White garnacha
- Moravia agria
Grafting took place in 2014 and 2015. Sufficient vines were grafted to provide a cask of experimental wine per variety. These varieties' ability to adapt to the terrain and the quality of their wine will be analysed in the coming years.
Madrid Technical University's Viticulture Research Group, supported by CDTI, joined the project in 2017. They began to work with us on the PEVIMEN project (Survey of the oenological potential of minority grape varieties in the Méntrida denomination of origin), which is funded by ERDF and will take place over three vintages on 1 hectare of experimental vines located in the winery's own vineyards.

domain: agronomy


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New Knights of Columbus fund for the Vermont Catholic Community Foundation
When Ronald Blouin was 20 years old, his father, a Fourth-Degree member of the Knights of Columbus, told him he wanted him to join the Catholic fraternal organization. So he did.
He is a life member of Knights of Columbus Council #297 in St. Albans, though he now is a resident of Venice, Florida.
But while living in his native St. Albans — where he was a member of Holy Angels Parish — Blouin was heavily involved in the Knights of Columbus, participating in fund raisers and encouraging young men to join.
“It’s a nice Catholic organization. They do a lot of stuff for people,” he said in a phone interview from Venice. “Whatever the need is, we are always there to help out.”
So when he received a letter asking him to contribute to a newly established Knights of Columbus Catholic Ministries Donor-Advised Fund in the the Vermont Catholic Community Foundation, he responded — the first Knight to do so. “It’s for a good cause,” he said. “I like to help people in need. I’m blessed. I’m not rich, but I’m comfortable. I like to help people who need it.”
“This fund is the first donor-advised fund in the foundation and is unique because representatives from the various Knights of Columbus councils will meet with the bishop each year to allocate the annual distribution to meet the greatest charitable and apostolic needs within the Catholic community,” said Ellen Kane, Executive Director of the Vermont Catholic Community Foundation. “All the councils are pooling resources to establish one fund, so, together, in consultation with the bishop, they can have a significant impact, while continuing to do their individual charitable works within their own councils.”
The mission of the Vermont Catholic Community Foundation is to support and serve apostolic activities of the Church and make grants to nonprofit organizations in the statewide Diocese of Burlington that reflect the compassion of Christ in service to the community.
Blouin has been retired for more than 30 years: He and his brother, Normand, used to own three IGA supermarkets and 26 rental properties.
The father of five, grandfather of 10 and great grandfather of five enjoys riding a bike, socializing with friends and talking over the internet with family in Turkey. “I play a mean game of ping pong,” he added.
For more information on the Vermont Catholic Community Foundation, go to vtcatholicfoundation.org.

domain: sociology


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Who would someone need to contact to find out how the extension on recertification process works?
The following is an extract from the Defense Transportation Regulation (DTR) Part II, 204, D. For cnvenience you can find Figure 204-2 at http://www.ustranscom.mil/dtr/part-ii/dtr_part_ii_204.pdf.
2. Refresher Training.
a. All HAZMAT personnel must receive refresher training at 24-month intervals IAW Service/Agency policy. This applies to all levels of required training and includes personnel involved with certifying shipments, preparation, packaging, or handling HAZMAT for transportation. Refresher training for persons who certify HAZMAT and conduct technical specialist training for subordinate personnel must be received from one of the approved schools listed in Para D.1.b; refer to Para D.1.d (for biomedical materials), Para D.1.h (for HW), , and Para D.1.g (for radioactive materials).
b. The Service HQ or agency focal point (Figure 204-2) may grant a 60-day extension to this policy if justified. Successive 60-day extensions to a person’s qualification expiration date may be granted for long-term or contingency operations. For U.S. Air Force personnel, extensions may be granted by the major command focal point. Extensions do not apply to commercial air shipments. Extensions for medical personnel attending biomedical material training will be granted by the USAPHC training proponent and will not exceed 60 days.
Open full Question Details

domain: law


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PUBLIC LEADERSHIP IN NEUROLOGY AWARD
Seth Rogen & Lauren Miller Rogen
Seth Rogen and Lauren Miller Rogen are supporting families dealing with dementia, educating young people about living a brain-healthy life, and inspiring the next generation of Alzheimer’s advocates and researchers. Through their organization Hilarity for Charity, they have used comedy to raise more than $15 million, reaching 260,000 people with grants, events and social media, and providing 350,000 hours of in-home relief as respite for dementia caregivers.
In 2012 journalist Susannah Cahalan published the New York Times bestselling memoir, Brain on Fire, which chronicles her hospitalization, diagnosis, and recovery from anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The memoir, a subsequent feature film, and Cahalan’s continuing advocacy have elevated public awareness of neuroinflammation, brain disease, the need for research, and the patient experience.
Scientific Breakthrough Award
Dr. Stephen L. Hauser
Professor Hauser’s research has advanced our understanding of the genetic basis, immune mechanisms, and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). His work led to the development of B cell therapies for MS patients, representing a powerful new approach for progressive forms of the disease. His 40+ year, career-long commitment has changed the landscape of treatment for what has been, until now, a relentlessly progressive form of MS.


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A veteran musician, Holt’s unique storytelling concerts will include original music as well as bluegrass and country tunes he’s collected over decades of archiving mountain music.
“I’ve really tried to hone my storytelling to fit into my music so it’s seamless,” Holt says. “To me that’s really interesting, to make a program feel like you’re talking on somebody’s front porch. I want it to be subtle and woven into this tapestry of music and story.”
Holt has been part of the storytelling world since the early days of the National Storytelling Festival. As he traveled over the mountains collecting old mountain music, he loved hearing the stories behind the songs. An old favorite was a story he heard from Fred Cockerham, a banjo player in Mount Airy.
“He was very droll,” Holt recalls, “but never really excited about anything. When he asked his wife to marry him, he said, ‘Would you like to be buried with my people?’ That was his proposal! I thought, yeah, I’ve got to tell the audience that. That’s just fascinating.”
Holt began incorporating these personal stories and folk tales into his performances soon after that.
“I realized there were a few people doing this for a living,” he says of storytelling in the 1970s. “There were 20, I guess, around the country, and the movement was growing. I was just lucky to be part of that wave of the storytelling revival.”
During Holt’s week-long residency, matinee performances will be held at 2 p.m. at the International Storytelling Center. A fluent multi-instrumentalist, Holt will accompany his stories with original music on steel guitar, banjo, harmonica and washboard.
Additionally, Holt’s residency will include a special evening concert, a tribute to Doc Watson that includes stories, songs and personal photographs. “Doc Watson: His Life and Legacy” is scheduled for 7:30 p.m., Thursday, Aug. 17. Tickets for this one-night-only event are $15 and are expected to sell out quickly.
A number of shops and restaurants in downtown Jonesborough will extend their hours Thursday evening before the concert. Shoppers can present their receipts at the International Storytelling Center to be entered in a weekly drawing for special prizes.
Holt’s uniquely positioned to share the story of his mentor’s life, not just as his friend, but as a collaborator on Watson’s three-album folk autobiography, which was released in 2002.
“I’m becoming one of the old-timers now. I’m 66, so a lot of the people whose music I really loved have passed away,” Holt says. “Doc was one of my main mentors from the time I was 18. “He lived a very rich life, going from a poor blind boy in the mountains of North Carolina to one of the world’s most recognizable musicians.”
Tickets for Holt’s matinee performances are $12 for adults and $11 for seniors, students and children under 18. Ticket holders for all matinee and evening performances will save 10 percent on same-day dining at The Olde Courthouse Diner, The Dining Room, Jonesborough General Store and Eatery or Main Street Café.
All concerts will take place in Mary B. Martin Storytelling Hall, an intimate theater in the heart of the International Storytelling Center. Shows are appropriate for all ages, and reservations are strongly recommended.
Holt is the latest storyteller to perform for the teller-in-residence program, which is curated by the International Storytelling Center. Also known as the Storytelling Live! series, the popular concerts attract a parade of world-class storytellers to Jonesborough through the month of October.
Information about all TIR performers, as well as a detailed schedule for 2013, is available at www.storytellingcenter.net.The International Storytelling Center is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Saturday.
Storytelling Live! is sponsored in part by Eastman Credit Union. Media sponsors are News 5-WCYB, FOX Tri-Cities, Tri-Cities CW, Johnson City Press, Kingsport Times-News, Herald & Tribune and Cumulus Media.
For more information about Storytelling Live! or to make a group reservation, call (800) 952-8392 ext. 222 or (423) 913-1276.

domain: artistic


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5 Ways to Boost Fine Art Sales
Boost Fine Art Sales in 5 Simple Steps
1. Fine Art Shows Provide Publicity and an Opportunity to Sell Artwork
An art show booth shot from the side. This booth belongs to Photographer David Braun.
Participating in local fine art shows is a great way to spread your art to the local community. You can even travel to other communities to take part in art shows. This can help to make yourself familiar with the art buying community. Art show attendees may not buy from you the first time they see you. But if they like your work, and continue to see it at more art shows, they may be more inclined to make a purchase. Shows can be a great investment and marketing strategy. The more you put yourself out there, the more people will know about your work. Fine art shows can help your art to grow a following.
You can widen your scope of potential customers if you offer giclee prints of your artwork, along with the originals. Giclee prints are available on many substrates including canvas, matte paper, watercolor paper and more. You can usually print your giclee on the same type of substrate as your original. Selling giclee prints of your artwork will expand your market to a new tier of buyers. With the economy in the shape it is, many people cannot afford to buy original artwork. However, they may still be in the market to buy! Whatever the case is, don't give anybody an excuse NOT to buy your art. That way, when someone says, "I really like this piece, do you have a print of it?" You can answer them with a 'yes' and possibly make the sale. If you are interested in giclee printing view this page to learn more! If you are interested in artwork reproduction read more here!
3. Create a Fine Art Website to Boost Sales
Creating and maintaining a strong online presence should be a main part of your business model. This is true for any business, including art! A website will allow anyone with a computer to get access to your art. You can display originals for sale, prints for sale, or art services for sale. Think of the audience your artwork can reach. There are several ways to create a website for your art. You can hire someone to build a website for you and maintain SEO (Search Engine Optimization). You can build your own website to feature your art with a free site building tool. If you are not familiar with the computer that option may be difficult. You can apply to join an online art gallery like this one. These websites will feature, and possibly sell, your art for you. There may be a setup cost or fee per year. Keep in mind that you will be featured with other artists. The benefit of these websites is that they are set up and are already generating traffic. Which in turn, could lead to traffic on your page. Even if you have a website, it can still be a good idea to join an online art community. If your art is visible multiple places on the internet, it will reach more potential buyers.
4 Promotional Material
This shows functional art that can be used as promotional items. Let people know you exist. Create promotional items with your art, name, website, and a way to reach you. This could a simple business card, postcard, or a flyer. Hand them out at the shows. Give the attendees something to remember you by. Having small promotional items for sale with your artwork can help generate more sales. It can also help your artwork to reach more people. You could offer items like cutting boards, mousepads, coasters, phone cases, magnets and mugs. Check out our Sublimation Page for a list of these items we offer. Offering smaller items for sale can add another tier of buyers to your market. You can even offer these items on your website to boost online fine art sales.


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A Black Seattle family couldn’t bury their young son where they wished because of racism. 60 years later, does an apology help?
Decades after a Black family was denied a plot for their young son in a Seattle cemetery -- a decision that withstood a court challenge -- the state Supreme Court has overturned that old ruling and apologized. Family members had mixed reactions to the news. WATCH


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In my post about the wedding, I shared some of my favorite pics from the wedding. We literally received over 1,000 of photos from our photographer and I loved so many of them. I think I posted 300 or so on Facebook. I didn’t just love them because they were pictures of such a glorious and special day, but also because the pictures were amazing. Our photographer seriously did a great job. Everyone said to make sure you were picky about the photographer for your wedding and now I totally get it. Here's why having a great wedding photographer is really important.
1. You'll want the best moments captured beautifully
I will be honest here, you are going to miss a ton at your wedding. That sounds sadder than it really is. You’re nervous and excited. People are asking you a million things. You’re worrying about the caterer, the bar, and every little detail that you want to control. And everything happens so fast. I believe I walked down the aisle and said vows to Mr. T, but honestly I don't remember everything 100%. So you’ll want a good photographer to capture those moments in a beautiful way so you’ll be reminded of how you felt at that very moment.
2. You don’t want to feel like you’re on display
I’ve been to weddings where the photographer is all up in your business. It's hard to have a good time when you're constantly aware that someone is snapping pics. It's also hard to get those really cute candid shots. I seriously didn't notice our photographer at all. There were times I wondered where he was and he was standing right next to me.
3. You want someone who knows what he or she is doing
Our photographer knew how to take pictures of a wedding. He knew where to go on the grounds for shots and how to direct us (and our wedding party and families) on what to do to make great shots. I loved that because we didn’t have to spend 20 minutes getting organized and another 30 actually taking the shots. With so many things already crammed into such a short time and so many things you’ll want pictures of, you want to be able to maximize your time. You also don’t want to have to give your photographer a whole bunch of direction. There’s just not enough time for all of that.
4. You want someone who notices the little details
The people at your wedding are obviously important, but so are all the little details that make your day. The flowers, decorations, cake, food, alcohol, getting ready, the venue. You put so much work into everything. Those are all things that will help you remember everything about the day. And you’ll want to see everything and everyone all together. Our wedding was all about DIY and so much of it was done in pieces so seeing it all together was so amazing. Our photographer also captured so many little details and so many unique moments. I cannot even begin to describe how special it all is (and I don’t really use the word special all that often).
Now, keep in mind that I am saying you good photographer. I am not saying you need an expensive one. Do not (and I repeat do not) automatically eliminate someone because of their price. Be sure to look at their work and set up a meeting so you can see their work in its entirety. Then choose based on what’s the most impressive to you.
Also choose based on who can capture what’s important to you. One thing that was important To Mr. T and me was that we have pictures that weren’t boring and monotonous. We chose our photographer for the way he captured things. His pictures are playful and unique and that was important to us.
All of our pictures are by Kevin Lush. And I hope that these all really capture all of the beautiful photos we have. It was really hard to choose a few. I wish I could share them all.


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FORT MYERS, Fla. A 28-year-old assistant high school basketball coach was arrested in connection with a driving under the influence and a deadly hit-and-run, the fort myers police department said.
The 8 Best Colorado Fly Fishing Destinations + Nearby Camping 3 of Colorado's Best Kept Fly Fishing Secrets – Top 3 Best Kept Fly Fishing Destinations in Colorado Avoid the Crowds and Catch Some Great Fish To those who want to keep their secret location safe and secret, I’m going to make you angry. I believe fly fishing is best when shared and I believe if people hear my top secret locations to fly fish in Colorado, that they will respect those areas with catch and release and proper conservation.
Christopher Rea, 40, of Tupelo, was arrested by the Lee County Office, first degree arson. Police reports The following reports were filed Friday by the Lee County Sheriff’s Office and the.
Fly Treatment West University Az Registered Nurse – RN – Radiology Recovery Unit in Colorado Springs, Colorado | Careers at PSF-PENROSE HOSPITAL Developer, former casino owner deifik dies in crash at 64 Marvin Roberson, 33, of Roswell, and Natalie Strauss, 26, of Sandy Springs, had been every killed in the wreck, which occurred on. Two of us died in an in a single day wreck after a motorcycle crashed proper right into a tractor-trailer on I-285 in Sandy Springs, police talked about.Search for jobs hiring in your area using ZipRecruiter’s job search engine – the best way to find a job. Find jobs hiring near you and apply with just 1 click.Trafalgar releases 2020 USA & Canada program The david wax museum @ The Vogue Pete Buttigieg Might Be President Someday. He’s Already Got the First Man. – Under soft indigo lights on the concrete floor, Mr. Buttigeg and Mr. glezman danced for the first time as a couple while the band david wax museum played a slow-tempo, soulful cover of the 1988 song.The operation is expected to close in the second half of 2020. of the issuer bid program. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the.Fly Infestation West University Az The festival site in Pilton, Somerset and the surrounding south west will be the hottest place. and UV levels. She’s now owner of two Arizona dispensaries and a cultivation center. After opening GreenPharms Dispensary in Flagstaff in 2013 with the help. Though they brought some clients with them, they’d.
A Lee County school bus driver was arrested today for allegedly driving under the influence while she was on her way to work. According to the Lee County Sheriffs Office, an off-duty deputy saw Lane Tripp, 46, weaving on the road in her personal vehicle.
Update: According to information from Walton County Sheriff’s Office, Carole Ann Etheridge, 49, was arrested and charged with one count of driving under the influence and 16 counts of endangering a child, DUI. Bond was set at $3,042 for the DUI charge and $1,420 for each of the child endangerment charges.
School Bus Driver Charged with DUI While Working. Posted on August 25, 2017 september 20, 2017 by admin. By Monica Ruechel. As a DUI school, we always try and keep up with the newsworthy DUI stories in our area.. On Monday, police pulled over a school bus driver in Walton County near.
A Pierce County Schools bus driver faces 15 charges after crashing her bus. Although police haven’t specified details of Perritt’s alleged intoxication, she is charged with 13 counts of endangering.
Letters: No need for hunger at school; Refinery report needs more data; DIA is Stapleton-esque (5/31/19) #2007 chevrolet colorado # #Video – Credit News 2007 Chevrolet Colorado Specs & Safety – CarsDirect – The table below shows all 2007 Chevrolet Colorado specs by style, including mpg (fuel economy), transmission details, and interior and exterior dimensions. Additionally, find 2007 chevrolet colorado warranty and reliability information, such as limits on bumper-to-bumper coverage and major components.Venice gondolier sun. – ufdc.ufl.edu – Letters of more than 250 words may be edited for length. We do not publish letters that condemn or praise business service. We do not publish poetry, open letters or letters to third parties. Letters from the same person will not be published more than once a month.Backpass: Is Colorado Rapids interim coach Conor Casey a genius? Backpass: Badji makes his case – Burgundy Wave – Backpass: Badji makes his case. New. or the litmus test Vancouver was the first team Conor Casey faced after being named interim head coach two days before the match. Colorado Rapids knocked out of U.S. Open Cup in penalty kicks This is the second year in a row that the Rapids have lost to a.
SAN MARCOS, Texas (KXAN. in the Hays County Jail charged with two counts of intoxicated manslaughter and one count of intoxicated assault. A spokesperson with Texas State University confirms.
Home for Sale in La Junta, Colorado $152,900 which culminates in Pueblo at the Colorado State Fair and included stops in Denver, Grand Junction, Durango, Montrose, Alamosa, Salida, Greeley, Vail, Glenwood Springs and La Junta; and applaud the.
Studstill Media File Photo. KIRKLAND – An Ogle County man is dead after an incident in rural Kirkland involving a boom lift and power lines. The DeKalb County Sheriff’s Office reports that Tuesday afternoon they were called to Old State Road near Malta Road for a man injured by power lines. The deceased, identified as 36-year-old Luke T Carmichael of Kings, was allegedly operating a boom.
AUBURN, AL (WTVM) – The two bus drivers. the roadway and arrested him. Police were unable to locate the female at the time of the initial report. patillo was arrested on four counts of public.
Phillies get HRs from Harper, McCutchen to beat Rockies – TSN.ca NHL Western Conference Quarterfinals: TBD at Colorado Avalanche Home Game 1 (Date TBD) Tickets – Pepsi Center – Thursday, April 11th Hedges, Padres beat Reds 4-3 to end 6-game losing streak Padres Use Big Inning to Snap Losing Streak – nbc 7 san diego – Friar score all four runs in the 3rd inning to beat Cincinnati.. During their 6- game losing streak the Padres were averaging two. The Padres got four runs and six hits in that one inning of a 4-3 win over the Reds.. Catcher Austin Hedges led off with a solo home run, his 3rd of the year, to tie the game 1-1.Mark it down folks. bobby lou comes home on January 8th, 2015. Read more must-see 2014-2015 Vancouver Canucks games and get the best deal on Canucks tickets.
BALDWIN COUNTY, AL (WALA/CNN) – A student jumped into action when he realized his school bus driver may have been drunk. Vicki Patrick is facing DUI and reckless endangerment charges after her.

domain: news


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After competing as a featherweight for nearly four years, unbeaten Austrian phenom Mochamed “The Beast” Machaev opted to switch things up as he makes his fourth appearance under the BRAVE Combat Federation banner.
The 21-year-old standout from Vienna, Austria is set to make his bantamweight debut at BRAVE CF 52: Bad Blood in Milan, Italy this Sunday, August 1 against Russian spitfire Gamzat Magomedov.
Machaev, the 2020 BRAVE CF Breakout Fighter of the Year awardee, has never had an issue making weight at the Featherweight division, however going down a weight-class increased the level of difficulty of his weight-cut journey. The Beast made several changes to his process, and admitted to going vegan, something he has always wanted to do, to make weight. “Plant-based food is better for you,” he said.
After what seemed like a daunting and frustrating weigh-ins process, Machaev was able to make weight as he tipped the scales at 61.6 kilograms. Meanwhile, his opponent, Gamzat Magomedov, checked in slightly heavier at 61.7 kilograms.
Holding a pristine professional record of 10-0 with five victories via knockout and one win by way of submission, Machaev bared that this is no one-off stint at bantamweight. “I’m planning to stay at bantamweight. Bantamweight is my division,” he said.
A decisive victory over a high-profile opponent such as Magomedov will further bolster Machaev’s stock in the division and could land him a chance to vie for the vacant BRAVE CF Bantamweight World Championship.
Machaev believes the striking aspect of the match-up against Magomedov can be the difference-maker.
“He’s a typical wrestler, that’s it. In technical striking, he’s not on my level. He comes from a wrestling background, so he has good wrestling. But we will see how good he really is’’, he stated.
“It’s actually easy. I will strike with him, I will defend his takedowns, and I will get the finish, as planned in the very first minute of the fight.”

domain: sports


Over deze norm
||Lucht- en ruimtevaart
This International Standard provides guidance to control system engineers on what to simulate and how to use simulation to support their system engineering tasks. Ground testing limitations typically preclude a comprehensive “test as you fly” approach to most space system control systems. Likewise, flight tests are prohibitively expensive. Therefore, high-fidelity simulation models of the control system components must be validated. Wherever, possible ground test results should be compared to simulation model outputs. Validated models are then used in various simulation environments to predict flight performance. As an important means of design, analysis and validation, simulation of the control system is widely used in each phase of the control system development, including conceptual design, detailed design, prototype validation, and integrated system verification. This International Standard provides simulation requirements of control system for different phases in the process of designing a control system. Control system engineers can carry out various types of simulation experiments during various phases, according to this International Standard. This International Standard establishes a minimum set of requirements for simulation of control system. The requirements are generic in nature because of their broad applicability to all types of simulations. Implementation details of the requirements should be addressed in project-specific standards, requirements, handbooks, etc. In general, standards can focus on engineering/technical requirements, processes, procedures, practices, or methods. This International Standard focuses on requirements and recommendations. Hence, this International Standard specifies what must be done; it does not prescribe how the requirements are to be met, nor does it specify who the responsible team is for complying with the requirements. Conflicts between this International Standard and other requirements documents shall be resolved by the responsible technical designer.
||Space systems - Simulation requirements for control system


Did you see burglars force their way into a house near Cheltenham?
The break-in happened in Uckington, in Tewkesbury Road, on Friday, between 3pm and 7.30pm.
It is believed that the raiders smashed windows to the back door before entering the house.
As of now, it is not clear if anything was stolen.
Any witnesses who were in the area at the time are asked to contact police if they saw any suspicious activity.
If you can help, call police on 101 and quote incident number 408 of November 10.
Join the conversation on our new Gloucestershire Live Facebook page for Cheltenham


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I’m excited to announce my embarkation on creative journey for the remainder of 2017: a 30-Day Photo Challenge!
I will be posting a photograph each day…there is no way to predict of what, but the “why” is clear: to give you a glimpse of my life in Ireland. Also: because why NOT take a picture every day for a month? Something interesting is bound to happen :).
U2 released a new album today, Songs of Experience. As a huge fan, I often look back on their records as marks on my creative/emotional timeline. Each new collection of songs has meant something special to me, depending on where I am at that point in my life. My heart is certainly in a different place in 2017 than it was in 2014, 2009, 2004, and so on, when other albums have been released.
The photo above is where I listened to Songs of Experience for the first time and I’ll always remember that. I went on an emotional journey: I saw vibrant colors, discovered new sounds and above all, felt closer to my own identity as a creative individual.
Aren’t we all just trying to get home?
© 2017 – Jason Natzke

domain: hobby


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Two males were arrested on suspicion of money laundering and gambling act offences. The den, which occupied the upstairs area of an industrial unit in Splott, was searched, and all gambling paraphernalia seized and removed. The seizure included six poker tables, a spinning prize wheel, poker coins and chips, and multiple flatscreen televisions.
Kay Roberts, Gambling Commission Executive Director of Operations, said: “We are committed to tackling illegal gambling activity across the UK and will continue working closely with law enforcement and partner agencies to achieve this.”
The Cardiff den was raided as part of Operation Henhouse, a month-long intensification period against fraud. Funded by the National Economic Crime Centre (NECC), Operation Henhouse was a collaborative effort by multiple police forces, organised crime units, and partner agencies across the UK.
Tarian ROCU coordinated the activity for southern Wales. In total, six arrests were made, seven warrants were executed, and over ten Cease and Desist notices were issued to individuals committing fraud and money laundering offences across the region.
Detective Sergeant Emma Brown, of Tarian’s Proactive Economic Crime Team (PECT), said: “Fraud has become the most commonly recorded crime in England and Wales and is often committed in conjunction with other serious offences, such as money laundering.
Over the course of the Henhouse intensification period, we have arrested individuals under suspicion of Fraud by False Representation and money laundering, together with executing warrants in respect of the distribution of illegal TV Firesticks.
Our engagement teams have also delivered cybercrime and fraud awareness inputs to community groups, colleges and universities, and businesses, to help prevent people from becoming victims of fraud.
For advice on how to spot the tactics and techniques commonly used by fraudsters, and to help reduce your risk of becoming a victim, visit the new Stop! Think Fraud website at stopthinkfraud.campaign.gov.uk
If you suspect you have been the victim of fraud, visit Action Fraud for advice at www.actionfraud.police.uk and report it online or by calling 0300 123 2040.”
Please donate here: Support Carmarthenshire News Online Thank you for supporting independent journalism and contributing to the future of local news in Carmarthenshire. Carmarthenshire News Online has been dedicated to providing unbiased and trustworthy news, free from commercial or political influence. By donating as little as £1, you can help ensure the continuation of this important source of information for the community. Your contribution will have a significant impact on the sustainability of independent journalism. If you're looking to enhance your brand's visibility, we also offer advertising opportunities on our Livestream and podcasts. Our special offers provide excellent value for reaching our engaged audience. To learn more about these opportunities and to discuss your advertising needs, please feel free to call or text us at 07308598604. Thank you again for your support, and together we can ensure the availability of quality local news for Carmarthenshire and beyond.
Please donate here: Support Carmarthenshire News Online


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The deadline to register to vote, update your address, or to change your political party for the Tuesday, September 24, 2013 Preliminary Municipal Election is Wednesday, September 4, 2013.
Residents who are looking to register to vote or make a change to their current registration may do so by applying in person at City Hall, requesting an application by mail by calling the Boston Election Department at 617-635-3767 or by downloading a mail-in registration form off of our website.
The Boston Election Department (City Hall – Room 241) will be open until 8PM on September 4 to accommodate last minute Voter Registrations. Those looking to fill out a Voter Registration form after 5PM on that date should enter City Hall by the Congress Street entrance. All registrations that are mailed to the Election Department must be postmarked by September 4 in order to be eligible for the upcoming election.
All registrations postmarked after the 4th will be unable to be processed until after September Preliminary Municipal Election and will not be eligible until the Municipal Election on November 5, 2013.
Please visit the Election Department Website at http://www.cityofboston.gov/elections to:
– Find a list of neighborhood locations where registrations can be found
– Download a Voter Registration Card or Absentee Ballot Application
– Search to verify your Voter Status
For additional questions regarding your Voter Status please contact the Election Department at 617. 635.3767 or visit us at City Hall – One City Hall Square Room 241 – Boston, MA 02201


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My name is Dave Sherva and I live in Minnesota which is home to 10,000 lakes and just as many insect species. I love the outdoors and all the amazing creatures that live in the woods and fields. I have been keeping several species of reptiles, praying mantids, tarantulas, scorpions, and stick insects over the years..
I wanted to create a site that could be used as a resource for people interested in keeping or breeding native or exotic insects as pets. Keeping insects as pets is a growing hobby worldwide and in Europe it is very popular. There is so much to learn and it’s a hobby you can get into with absolutely zero cost.
Parents if your child is begging for a pet but your not sure if they are ready for the responsibility I would highly recommend looking at a pet insect and here are the reasons why.
We need to teach our kids the importance of insects in our world. Insects should not to be feared, I see so many people just freak out when they encounter a spider in their house or a millipede in the shower.
Without insects we would have very little food to eat as they pollinate nearly 80% of our food. They also turn the leaves and grass clipping and garbage at the dump into rich soil. Insects are also used in research to help us cure illnesses in humans.


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- Inducing Gamma Oscillations and Precise Spike Synchrony by Operant Conditioning via Brain-Machine In...
Neuron, Volume 77, Issue 2, 23 January 2013, Pages 361-375
Ben Engelhard, Nofar Ozeri, Zvi Israel, Hagai Bergman and Eilon Vaadia
SummaryNeural oscillations in the low-gamma range (30–50 Hz) have been implicated in neuronal synchrony, computation, behavior, and cognition. Abnormal low-gamma activity, hypothesized to reflect impaired synchronization, has been evidenced in several brain disorders. Thus, understanding the relations between gamma oscillations, neuronal synchrony and behavior is a major research challenge. We used a brain-machine interface (BMI) to train monkeys to specifically increase low-gamma power in selected sites of motor cortex to move a cursor and obtain a reward. The monkeys learned to robustly generate oscillatory gamma waves, which were accompanied by a dramatic increase of spiking synchrony of highly precise spatiotemporal patterns. The findings link volitional control of LFP oscillations, neuronal synchrony, and the behavioral outcome. Subjects’ ability to directly modulate specific patterns of neuronal synchrony provides a powerful approach for understanding neuronal processing in relation to behavior and for the use of BMIs in a clinical setting.
Summary | Full Text | PDF (2440 kb)
- Learned regulation of brain metabolism
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Volume , Issue , 09 May 2013, Pages
Niels Birbaumer, Sergio Ruiz and Ranganatha Sitaram
AbstractSelf-regulation and voluntary control of circumscribed brain regions using real-time functional MRI (rt-fMRI) allows the establishment of a causal functional link between localized brain activity and behavior and cognition. A long tradition of research has clearly shown the brain's ability to learn volitional control of its own activity and effects on behavior. Yet, the underlying neural mechanism of self-regulation is still not fully understood. Here, we propose that self-regulation of brain activity is akin to skill learning and thus may depend on an intact subcortical motor system. We elaborate on the critical role of the basal ganglia in skill learning and neurofeedback, and clarify that brain-self-regulation need not be an explicit and conscious process as often mistakenly held.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1074 kb)
- Learning to move machines with the mind
Trends in Neurosciences, Volume 34, Issue 2, 1 February 2011, Pages 61-75
Andrea M. Green and John F. Kalaska
AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCIs) extract signals from neural activity to control remote devices ranging from computer cursors to limb-like robots. They show great potential to help patients with severe motor deficits perform everyday tasks without the constant assistance of caregivers. Understanding the neural mechanisms by which subjects use BCI systems could lead to improved designs and provide unique insights into normal motor control and skill acquisition. However, reports vary considerably about how much training is required to use a BCI system, the degree to which performance improves with practice and the underlying neural mechanisms. This review examines these diverse findings, their potential relationship with motor learning during overt arm movements, and other outstanding questions concerning the volitional control of BCI systems.
Abstract | Full Text | PDF (1252 kb)
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Neuron, Volume 77, Issue 2, 216-218, 23 January 2013
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Volitional Control of Cortical Oscillations and Synchrony
Eberhard E. Fetz1, ,Corresponding author
- Oscillatory activity in motor cortex has been observed in many experimental contexts, leading to various hypotheses about its possible behavioral function. In this issue of Neuron, Engelhard et al. (2013) report that oscillations can be volitionally controlled, opening new directions to explore their function and underlying mechanisms.


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Celebrate a quarter-century of performing arts with Newberry Opera House during its 25th season.
With acts ranging from Bluegrass and Rock to Comedy and Country, there’s a show for everyone. Upcoming performances include:
- The Red Clay Strays | Thursday, Aug. 31
- KT Tunstall | Thursday, Sept. 7
- A Brother’s Revival | Saturday, Sept. 9
- Del McCoury Band | Thursday, Sept. 28
- Gregorian | Friday, Oct. 13
Get ready to fill your calendars — select show tickets are available now.


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She is known for being one of Hugh Hefner's three girlfriends and for her role on the E! Wmv Size 53MB. Michael Berryman is a Cult-Horror Movie legend and it angered me so much that this film did not let him live up to the potential we would normally expect from an actor like him.. Plot Troubled by the death of his father in an auto accident, Kale Brecht attacks his Spanish teacher when the teacher invokes his father while reprimanding him. Marquardt attended Galt High School for her freshman and sophomore years and then transferred to Lodi High School, from which she graduated in After resisting for a while she eventually gives in. Subsequently, Cuthbert appeared in the lead role in the films The Quiet and Captivity
Crime films based on actual events
Blythe Auffarth nude
A group of recent college graduates are heading up to a cabin in the mountains to for a week of snowmobiling and fun. But you are probadly use to that taste in your mouth. Her voice credits include Hayley Smith on the animated television show American Dad! Member feedback about Jersey Girl film: Views Read Edit View history. Lyubov Aksyonova Fire Walk with Me and its revival television series Twin Peaks:
Blythe Auffarth photos and videos @ memorialbrass.com
Brenda Scott The show was Annie and Blythe beat out many little girls for the title role. I believe that everyone has known at least one person that has been abused at some point in their lives. Wmv Size 53MB. No other sex tube is more popular features more Kelly Clarkson scenes than Pornhub.
Besides not having a central focus to the story of the film, the characters are all poorly established, and the film spends more time trying to rip off other films rather than trying to be good on its own. Barbara Schulz Picocksso 6 years ago. He also leaves money in the woods for Meg to run away with it. He is best known for his recurring role as Eldridge on Two and a Half Men —12 and former teen hustler Rusty Beck on the series finale of The Closer and in its spinoff series, Major Crimes — Director Gregory Wilson plays a brilliantly unsettling hand in establishing an eerily accurate 50s setting, kids actually playing outside, comically square tins of beer, the ice-cream man regarded as king and of course sleepovers. The film follows a teenager who is placed on house arrest and begins to spy on his neighbors, thinking one of them is a serial killer.

domain: entertainment


In a strategic move to broaden its position in the utility segment, Greenlee, a Textron Inc. company, announced it has acquired ownership of Sherman & Reilly, Inc., a manufacturer of underground and aerial transmission and distribution products based in Chattanooga, Tennessee.
“Sherman & Reilly is an acknowledged leader in heavy pulling products for distribution and transmission applications,” said Scott Hall, President, Textron Industrial Segment and Greenlee. “Like Greenlee Utility, the company has a strong brand built on innovation and service to the utility professional. S+R is a logical complement to our Greenlee Utility® and Gator® products and will significantly expand Greenlee’s presence in the utility segment.”
“We are excited to be joining the Greenlee Textron family,” said Mike Dunn, general manager of Sherman and Reilly. “The combined strength of our brands, along with Greenlee’s established presence in the utility channel will further accelerate our growth and provide new opportunities for our talented employees.”
Sherman & Reilly is the leading US manufacturer of pulling and stringing equipment for the power utility segment. The company currently employs 110 people and will join the Greenlee® family of brands alongside Greenlee®, Klauke® and Greenlee CommunicationsTM. In addition to its portfolio of pulling products and accessories Sherman and Reilly will continue to manufacture a range of cable installation blocks and distribute fiber-optic blowing systems for the telecommunication market. Sherman and Reilly will become a separate business unit within Greenlee, led by Dunn.


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In this study, we conversed Bisbromomethyl-biphenyl and thiourea to a new biphenyl dithiol (BPDT) and used it as a co-curing agent. Its structure was confirmed by means of F-TIR, 1H-NMR, and MS spectra. We co-cured the conventional diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin with BPDT and aliphatic tetra-thiol (Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate)) to get a colorless encapsulant (HRIL). The optical properties were measured after curing process. The refractive index was 1.64 which is the highest refractive index among the current existed LED encapsulant, and the transmittance of the cured HRIL was above 85% on the visible wavelength. Furthermore, the effect on light efficiency of LED was evaluated and found that the light efficiency was promoted 14%, compared with the conventional epoxy encapsulated LED. This result certainly reveals that the high refractive index encapsulant can effectively enhance the light efficiency of LED. We also analyzed the thermal mechanical property and thermal stability of the cured HRIL which contained a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) by TMA and TGA. The Tg of the cured HRIL was 85.2degC and the thermal decomposed temperature was 327.7degC. After 110degC/1000h thermal aging test, the decrease of transmittance was less than 5% and the thermal resistant result unveils that the novel high refractive index encapsulant is suitable for high performance LED applications.


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|Description : Map of San Mateo county showing the major towns, highways and much more.
San Mateo is a Northern California county, located just south of San Francisco on the Peninsula. Formed in 1856, San Mateo County is now an important region of the Bay Area, home to many major cities, including South San Francisco. As of the 2010 US Census, the population of San Mateo County is about 718,451. The county seat is in Redwood City, but the largest city in San Mateo County is Daly City.
Some of the important cities in San Mateo County are San Mateo, South San Francisco, Daly City, San Carlos, San Bruno, and Redwood City.
San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is located in San Mateo County, situated between San Bruno and Milbrae. San Francisco International is one of the top ten busiest airports in the United States.
Last Updated On : September 13, 2012

domain: travel


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Yeah, so what, you might say. There are thousands of women sitting in jail, not being able to see their children on Mother's Day.
But, there is lots more to this story, the woman is 7 months pregnant, abused by her ex-husband, there is evidence that her children were sexually abused by the ex-husband, and the judge, in all his infinite stupidity awarded custody of the children and granted permission to the ex to move the children to Texas. Trish has all the goods here, here, here, here, and the body and link to a petition to free the abused, pregnant woman, Genia Shockome here.
Additionally, the judge, NY Family Court Judge Damien J. Amodeo, admits that it was HE, not the ex-husband,
that prompted the induced the post-traumatic stress disorder and panic attacks that Genia suffers from. Amodeo made this claim to justify his determination that Genia falsely claimed that her husband's abuse had caused her to develop PTSD falsely (which is estimated to develop in around 75% of battered wives).
Furthermore, Shockome is sitting in jail, for nothing more than strenuously objecting to this abusive judge. What a fucking charmer this judge is.
Go sign the petition so this woman can be freed and have her children returned to her, and most importantly, remove an abusive judge from the bench.


Toshiba enhances Satellite notebooks
- 18 February, 1998 13:52
Toshiba has unveiled its new range of Satellite notebook computers for corporate and home users.
The Toshiba Satellite 300CDT and 310CDS are billed by the company as unprecedented value-for-money, priced at $5175 RRP and $4370 RRP respectively. Boasting a 166MHz or 200MHz Intel Pentium processor with MMX, Satellite 300CDT features 16MB of RAM and a large 12.1in display. For quick and easy access, the 2.1GB hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive are all in one unit.
The Toshiba Satellite Pro 470CDT, which is designed for the corporate user, is priced at $5405 RRP. Designed to integrate with any network regardless of its shape or size, the Satellite Pro 470CDT features the latest Intel 200MHz Pentium pro-cessor with MMX technology, basic 32MB RAM which is expandable to 160MB, a 2GB hard drive, an internal 10x CD-ROM drive, floppy disk drive and a 12.1in display with 800 x 600 resolution.
Tel (02) 9887 3322
Fax (02) 9887 3201


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|This article is about the SpecOps' unique attachment. For similarly named modifications, see Extended Mag.|
THIS IS A GAGE WEAPON PACK #01 ITEM!
|Price||$12,600 / 6|
|Drop||Card Drop & Side Job|
|Internal name|| |
The Extended Mag. is a Magazine mod that increases the base Magazine stat of the weapon by 12, while decreasing the Concealment rating.