Many current multi-color image forming devices build up an image on an intermediate and then transfer the color image in one step to paper. The best setting of transfer parameters, such as bias transfer roll voltage and current for the second transfer onto the paper, depends upon many factors, including the specific paper type aid current environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature.
To accommodate this, conventional image forming devices have provided limited adjustments or pre-set configurations that vary the parameters to adapt to certain contemplated conditions. Typically, this is achieved by predefining a limited set of reasonable settings in a look-up table. These are usually based on paper weight and include 3-5 broad categories to accommodate standard paper stock. The table may also be based on environmental conditions, such as high, low or moderate humidity conditions.
Although these procedures are an approximation of existing conditions, there is no guarantee that these will be the optimal settings for a given printing condition or paper stock. Instead, these predefined limited settings can lead to transfer losses of 10% or more.
Other methods and systems are known to control image transfer settings, such as through closed loop control. An example of this is U.S. Pat. No. 7,054,568 to Mizes et al., commonly assigned to Xerox Corporation, which provides a closed-loop control system that uses a full width array (FWA) area coverage sensor to measure residual mass per unit area (RMA) after transfer. Output from the sensor is used as feedback to control subsequent image transfer settings.
Other systems monitor patch density, but are media independent by taking measurements without actual transfer to a specific media type. Thus, they assist in control and formation of toner images on an intermediate transfer member, but do not account for second transfer efficiency, which will vary by transfer media type.
A single pass, multi-color image forming device has second transfer parameters optimized for current usage conditions, such as paper type and environmental conditions. The optimization is achieved by performing an optimization test procedure prior to printing of a desired image. The test procedure sweeps through a predefined transfer parameter range while developing and transferring a series of test patches onto actual paper of interest. Residual mass is measured for each test patch and the transfer parameter that leads to the minimal remaining mass is used to set optimized transfer parameters.
Current image forming devices that rely on lookup tables for parameter adjustment to accommodate paper type and conditions provide less than optimal results because they are only rough approximations of actual conditions. They also are tailored for only a few basic conventional media types and cannot adapt to new media types or environments. Closed-loop feedback systems may provide improvements, but also may suffer problems as feedback adjustments may have overly narrow adjustability or involve excessive control and complexity.
Thus, there is a need for an image forming device and method that can better optimize operating parameters relating to image transfer from an intermediate member to adapt to or accommodate a wide variety of current conditions and specific image forming media. That is, with ever-increasing need for efficiency and high copy quality there is a need for an image forming device and method that optimizes the transfer efficiency for any paper under any condition.
There also is a need for an image forming device and method that can achieve improved image transfer performance that does not require complex monitoring or control.
Exemplary methods and systems optimize the transfer setting for a given media type and environmental condition in an image forming device by running a series of prints with varying settings of the transfer voltage and monitoring the mass remaining (residual mass) on an intermediate transfer member after second transfer to a specific actual media. The methods are particularly suited for use with multicolor xerographic devices that transfer an image from the intermediate transfer member in a single pass.
In exemplary embodiments, test parameters corresponding to the minimum monitored target mass per unit area are set as optimized parameters for subsequent image transfers to assure the proper density and transfer efficiency for print conditions. In exemplary embodiments, the transfer parameter being optimized includes at least one of transfer voltage and transfer current.
Exemplary methods and systems ensure optimum copy quality over a wide range of media substrates (papers), including new media types, and printing conditions by using actual transfer media and current environmental conditions during the testing.
The monitoring may be achieved using existing hardware and sensors provided to monitor and control the developed mass on the intermediate transfer member. Accordingly, exemplary embodiments do not require additional hardware for implementation.
In exemplary embodiments, the image forming device may be provided with a conventional look-up table for default transfer settings, which can be used for routine printing jobs. However, when desired, such as when using unconventional paper stock or when optimal copy quality is desired, the optimization test procedure may be run to override the default settings.
Although any known or subsequently developed mass sensor may be used, additional advantages may be achieved when an Extended Toner Area Coverage (ETAC) sensor is used, such as the sensor disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,054,568 to Mizes, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various exemplary details are described with reference to the following figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side schematic view of an exemplary four color image forming device having an intermediate transfer member;
FIG. 2 is a view of the intermediate transfer member of FIG. 1 having exemplary test patches;
FIG. 3 is a view of the intermediate transfer member of FIG. 1 having different exemplary test patches;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an exemplary method for optimizing transfer parameters;
FIG. 5 is a chart showing second transfer sensitivity for each of several colors as measured by residual mass; and
FIG. 6 is a chart showing second transfer sensitivity for each of several colors as measured by efficiency.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Many modern multi-color image firming devices build up an image on an intermediate transfer member and then transfer the color image in one step to a media substrate, such as paper. Such image forming devices include, for example, photocopiers, laser printers, facsimile machines and the like. Examples of these include U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,791,452; 4,998,139; and 4,833,503, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
These image forming devices employ an imaging member such as a photoreceptor that is electrostatically charged, and then exposed to a light image corresponding to an image to be printed so that the imaging member is selectively discharged in accordance with the image. Thus, exposure of the imaging member records an electrostatic (latent) image on it corresponding to the informational areas contained within the image to be printed. This latent image is developed by bringing a developer material (liquid or powder) into contact with the latent image to form a toner image. The toner image recorded on the imaging member is then transferred to an intermediate transfer member, such as an intermediate belt or drum. The intermediate transfer member is transported past the imaging member to receive the toner image by pressing the intermediate transfer member against the toner image on the imaging member to receive the toner image therefrom. The intermediate transfer member then further transfers the toner image to a receiving material, such as paper.
An example of this is illustrated in FIG. 1, where a multicolor image forming device 100 has a plurality of print engines arranged in series, each of which transfers a different color toner image of a multicolor image to an intermediate transfer member 250. A first photoreceptor drum 210 a includes a charging device 220 a, an exposing device 230 a, a developer device 240 a and a cleaning device 270 a disposed around its periphery. A single color toner image formed on first photoreceptor 210 a is transferred to intermediate transfer member 250, shown in the form of a transfer belt 250, by first transfer corotron 254 a. Also, although shown using transfer corotrons 210, alternative transfer mechanisms could be provided, such as known biased transfer rolls. Belt 250 is wrapped around rollers 251, 253 which are driven to move belt 250 in the direction of arrow 255. Second, third and fourth photoreceptors 210 b, 210 c, 210 d, which also include charging, exposing, developing and cleaning devices (not shown) are used to form and then transfer second, third and fourth single-color toner images to belt 250 (on top of each other) using transfer corotrons 254 b, 254 c, 254 d. Typically, these would include separate stages for each of cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CYMK) colorants. Although four stages are shown, fewer or greater stages can be present. For example, as few as two stages could be provided to print black and a highlight color, or six stages could be provided, CYMK colorants plus red and blue colorants.
The multicolor image is then transferred to receiving material 212, such as paper by corotron 258. The paper moves in the direction of arrow 214. Upon completion of transfer, the intermediate belt 250 may pass a cleaning station 260 prior to advancing to photoreceptors 210 a-d as known in the art.
With the increase in use and flexibility of image forming devices especially color devices which print with two or more different colored toners, it has become increasingly important to monitor the toner development process so that increased print quality, stability and control requirements can be met and maintained. For example, it is very important for each component color of a multicolor image to be stably formed at the correct toner density because any deviation from the correct toner density may be visible in the final composite image. Additionally, deviations from desired toner densities may also cause visible defects in mono-color images, particularly when such images are half-tone images.
Most machines already have a mass sensor looking at the intermediate that is used for determining the mass per unit area transferred to the intermediate belt (TMA or DMA) from the four colors when internally generated patches are created on the photoreceptors for the individual colors and then transferred from the photoreceptor to the intermediate belt. The exposure and development parameters are then adjusted to keep this mass within a target range. For space reasons this sensor is usually located after the area where the image is transferred from the intermediate to paper. Although certain prior applications disabled transfer to allow the undisturbed image to reach the sensor for testing, embodiments enable transfer with the specific paper so readings reflect characteristics of the specific paper being transferred to.
With reference to FIG. 1, suitable sensors 280, 290 and/or 295 are used to measure the mass and/or voltage of a toner patch 400 transferred to belt 250 by each of the four photoreceptors 210 a-d. Known sensors may include a densitometer, such as an infrared densitometer (IRD) 290, and an electrostatic voltmeter (ESV) 280 (with or without backplate 285) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,307,119. More preferably, a suitable sensor would includes an optical Extended Toner Area Coverage (ETAC) sensor 295, which can be either a point sensor or an array sensor, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,054,568.
Known ETAC sensors are based on light scattering or reflecting from the patches on the surface of the intermediate transfer member. These sensors can look at both the specular and diffuse light coming from the patch as it is illuminated by a source. For color images at high density the diffuse image is able to record higher masses without saturating, but the specular signal will be more useful in looking at the low masses typical of the material remaining after transfer. While the light scattering based sensor is most likely to be the type used to measure the mass, this invention is not limited to a particular type of sensor but can be implemented with any type of sensor capable of detecting a small amount of toner on the intermediate.
An advantage of measuring the toner patch density on intermediate transfer belt 250 is that a single densitometer 290 can make a measurement for all colors (i.e., for the color patches formed by each photoreceptor) instead of using a separate mass sensor for each photoreceptor. Although DMA permits one to monitor the manner in which toner is deposited onto the imaging member, it does not provide a complete picture of the image formation process because DMA does not take into account the efficiency with which toner is transferred from the imaging member to the receiving material (e.g., paper) which ultimately receives the final image.
However, the same sensor can be used to look at an image after transfer if the transfer is enabled while the paper of interest is run through the machine. This will measure the extent of residual mass (RMA) remaining on the intermediate transfer member 250. Patches 400 for selected primaries, two color blends, and process black can be generated, developed, transferred to the intermediate. and transferred again to paper. The patches can be set up so that they align with the mass sensor just as the patches for TMA control. This eliminates the need for an additional sensor. Preferably, the patches would be set up so that a complete set fits within the width of a sheet, and transfer settings would be modified or swept between the feeding of each sheet. Thus you would need a number of trial sheets equal to the number of trial transfer settings to perform the testing. After each patch is transferred to the sheet, its RMA would be measured.
These measurements can be used by controller 300 to control various aspects of toner development and the transfer process. This may include, for example, set points for photoreceptor voltage potential, exposure levels, intensity levels, developer biases, developer bias frequency, bias transfer voltages, transfer current, etc.
FIG. 2 is a view of the intermediate transfer member of FIG. 1 having an exemplary test patch in which the spacing of test patches allows only a single test patch to be transferred to each sheet (the sizing of the sheet being known in outline form).
FIG. 3 is a view of the intermediate transfer member of FIG. 1 having exemplary test in which multiple test patches 400 are provided within the interval of a test sheet. This enables multiple test patches to be transferred to a single sheet (the sizing of the sheet being shown in outline form).
The focus of the disclosure is on control and setting of second transfer parameters so that the second transfer is optimized. The best setting of the transfer parameters for the second transfer depends upon many factors, such as paper type and environmental conditions. When the transfer mechanism is a transfer corotron, the transfer parameter may include transfer voltage. When the transfer mechanism is a biased transfer roll, the transfer parameter may include transfer current. Look-up-tables to determine reasonable settings for several broad categories of paper under several humidity conditions typically provide acceptable transfer. However, there is no guarantee that these will be the optimal settings, and they can lead to transfer losses of 10% or more.
Certain image forming devices, such as for example the Xerox 7750 multicolor copier, have a provision for adjusting transfer parameters in a step fashion. Although this particular device only allows manual stepping through parameter settings, embodiments could include software or hardware to automate the stepping through one or more transfer parameter ranges in accordance with the disclosed methods of testing.
The basic testing methodology is to sweep the transfer parameter, such as voltage or current, through a suitable range while a set of patches is developed and transferred to the particular paper of interest. For example, when the transfer mechanism is a corotron, the transfer parameter may be transfer voltage. When the transfer mechanism is a biased transfer roll, the transfer parameter may be transfer voltage. These patches would preferably be aligned with the suitable mass sensor and the parameter leading to minimum mass remaining on the intermediate member (and hence maximum transfer efficiency) is determined. Data may be generated with one, two, or more toner layers and a suitable weighed average may be used to determine the optimum setting.
In the case of the 7750 copier, nine setting adjustments are possible. When a single test patch is printed oil each sheet, this would result in a waste of nine sheets of paper to perform the testing and find an optimal setting. To save paper, possibly more than one set of patches could be fit within one sheet of paper as in FIG. 3.
Because there is a cost to the process, an operator may only want to run the optimization when he intends to run the one paper for a long job or for several jobs in sequence. Also, the knowledge of current environmental conditions could be used to establish a range of settings to optimize over. For example, the highest five settings out of nine could be examined at low humidity and the lowest five settings could be examined at high humidity. Thus, it is advantageous to provide an image forming system that is capable of default operation for routine jobs, but has the capability of optimization if desired.
An exemplary process for optimizing the second transfer will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and may use the image forming device of FIG. 1. The process starts at step S400 and advances to step S405 where it is determined whether an optimization mode is set. An advantage of this is that the image forming apparatus can operate in a default mode in which standard settings can be set and maintained. For example, if the image forming apparatus incorporates a lookup table, such as in a Xerox 7750 multicolor copier, the copier is able to operate in a default mode using the predefined values unless it is desirable to achieve optimized or customized settings. This may be, for example, when an important copy job is received requiring higher than average quality, or when using specialty media or operating is non-typical environmental conditions.
If the optimization mode is not set, flow advances to step S410 where default settings are used and the process is ended. However, if the optimization mode is set, flow advances from step S405 to step S420 where initialization occurs. This resets the current image transfer settings and sets one or more transfer parameters to a first value. Initialization may also include setting of a sampling rate N relating to the number of test samples and values to sweep through. Thus, N defines the sampling granularity of the testing. That is, the test parameter is varied from a lowest to a highest operating value, with a higher sampling rate resulting in a smaller incremental advance between each sampling. A sampling with N=3 would result in a low, a middle and a high value, whereas a sampling with N=9 would have the operating range divided into nine sampled values, with nine sheets of paper needed to find the optimum setting.
Although N could take any value, there is a tradeoff between optimization and efficiency. Because there is a cost and time associated with the process, an operator may select the level of optimization needed. For most purposes, a suitable N would be between 5-9 to attain a substantially optimized transfer setting. After that, there are diminishing returns, particularly when assessing multicolor print patches. To save paper, possibly more than one set of patches can be fit within one sheet of paper (as shown in FIG. 3). However, this would require a faster sweep of values or a slowing down of the transfer process.
Also, the knowledge of the environmental conditions being experienced now can be used to determine the transfer setting range to be varied. For example, in a system where the parameter can be varied between 9 values, the highest five settings out of nine can be examined at low humidity and the lowest five settings can be examined at high humidity.
Once the parameters are initialized, flow advances to step S425 where a test patch is generated on the intermediate member as known in the art. For example, the intermediate member 250 may include one test patch 400 at page width intervals as in FIG. 2 so each test patch is transferred to a different sheet. This allows sufficient time between test patches to adjust the transfer parameter to the next incremental value. Alternatively the interval between test patches can be reduced so that more than one test patch is transferred to each paper sheet as in FIG. 3.
From step S425, flow advances to step S430 where the test patch 400 is transferred from the intermediate transfer member to the media, such as a desired sheet of paper of any suitable type, as known in the art. Once test patch 400 is transferred, flow advances to step S435 where the residual mass of toner (RMA) on the intermediate member 250 in the test patch area is measured. Measurement can take various conventional or subsequently developed forms. Preferred embodiments rely on existing mass sensors provided on the image forming device to eliminate the need for additional sensors. Although simpler mass sensors could be used, preferred embodiments use an ETAC sensor, which provides a higher degree of accuracy. However, the invention is equally applicable to other methods such as vacuuming of the residuals from the intermediate member 250 for remote mass measurement using a scale.
From, step S435, flow advances to step S440 where it is determined whether additional samples are necessary. If so, flow advances to step S445 where the parameter value is incremented. From step S445, flow returns to step S425 where another test patch is generated.
If no further test samples are necessary, flow proceeds from step S440 to step S450 where a determination is made of the patch having the lowest RMA. When the transfer involves multiple color transfers, it may be desirable to determine the RMA of each individual color. Because each color could have differing transfer properties, the patch corresponding to the lowest RMA would be chosen based on an combination of color values and an associated weighting to achieve a composite optimization.
From step S450, flow advances to step S460 where the image forming apparatus transfer parameters are set based on the determined lowest RMA. For example, if there were nine test patches and the third patch had the lowest RMA, the transfer parameters would be set to the values used to generate the third test patch. From step S460, flow advances to step S470 where the process stops.
As is evident from the above discussions, this method is capable of optimizing transfer parameters without the need for any additional hardware, such as sensors, as it uses hardware already provided for other purposes. What is needed is the ability to controllably adjust one or more operating parameters relating to the transfer to sweep the parameter through several values within an operating range of values.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the transfer performance of an exemplary test conducted on a Xerox 7750 copier using 120 gsm Digital Color Gloss coated paper and ambient conditions (70° F. 70% RH). FIG. 5 expresses the results as the mass remaining on the intermediate member after transfer form each individual color of the image and FIG. 6 expresses the results in terms of transfer efficiency for the different colors. At a nominal value for the transfer voltage (determined by the look-up-table) of 2350 volts on single layer samples (CMY) there is some air breakdown, leading to transfer efficiencies between 90 and 95%. The transfer efficiency can be raised to almost 100% by lowering the voltage, but below 1400 volts the electric field is not high enough to transfer all the layers, and so the transfer efficiency drops off dramatically. In this particular example, at around 1500 volts, both single and multiple layers are transferred at high efficiency. This would be an optimal setting for this particular paper under the existing environmental conditions. Analysis of the RMA (FIG. 5) similarly shows that values between 1400V and 2000V result in reduced mass.
As shown by the graphs in FIGS. 5-6, each color component may act differently. Accordingly, when optimizing color printing, it may be necessary to assign weighted averages to derive a value that achieves the best results for the overall image.
Just as another detector can be used to look at RMA, if a corotron or other device is used to transfer toner to paper, parameters relating to their operation could also be adjusted on the basis of the RMA to optimize transfer for a given paper type.
It will be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, nay be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. For example, the test patches 400 may provide single color residual mass for testing or multiple layers for testing. Also, various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art, and are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.


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Theater: more performances coming up soon in 2017...
Bette Davis... “Fasten Your Seatbelts!"
written and performed by Bettina Lohmeyer
supervised by Susan Batson
last performances in New York City:
Friday, October 9th 2015 @ 8 PM
Saturday, October 17th 2015 @ 3 PM
Wednesday, October 21st 2015 @ 8 PM
Sunday, October 25th 2015 @ 3 PM
Monday, November 2nd 2015 @ 1 PM
Joe Franklin (Bloomberg Radio, 2014) about the Show:
"Bettina Lohmeyer as Bette Davis in "Fasten Your Seatbelts" ignites into originality and pure entertainment. An evening of blazing theatrical fireworks. Brilliant - it soars!"
The Susan Batson Studio
300 West 43rd Street (btw. 8th/9th Ave)
Shooting completed in Berlin: "Journey to Jerusalem" (Kess Film) 2017
Shooting completed in New York: "Pastor Paul" (Fearless Films) opens September 19th 2015 in London (Portobello Film Festival)
director: Russ Senzatimore; role: Greta
The short film "24/7" (director: Jeanette Wagner; role: Krissy) was awarded the "Certification of Excellence" at the film festival in Kolkata, India and was invited to the Portobello film festival in London in 2014.
FEC Festival_European Short Film Festival Reus (Spain, opening March 11th.)
Landshut short film festival (March 18th-23rd)
Frankfurt Lichter film festival (March 17th-23rd)
Workshops 2017 (based on the Susan Batson Methode):
"On Camera Training" March 31 - April 2 in Vienna
"Scene Study on Camera" April 21-23 in Vienna
"Creating a Character" April 28 - May 2 in Thalwil/Switzerland (currently fully booked)
For further information please use the contact form

domain: artistic


Due to increasing developments in large (gigabit) application programs, very large scale integration (VSLI) technology, high speed transmission media, high speed data networks, and others, researchers question the ability of most existing transport protocols to handle enormous amounts of data efficiently. Applications such as video conferencing, distributed processing, and real-time imaging requires protocols and networks that are capable of providing large bandwidths and low delays. Transport and network mechanisms implemented in VSLI allow a substantial amount of protocol processing to be performed in hardware. Several performance criteria are placed on existing transport protocols to meet the needs of gigabit applications. This paper compares the different transport protocols, such as Delta-t, Network Block Transfer (NETBLT), Transport Protocol Class 4 (TP4), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Versatile Message Transaction Protocol (VMTP), in terms of the following transport services: connection management, data transfer, and flow and error control.


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Authors:P. Srivastava, H. Raut, H. Puntambekar and A. Desai
Storage of medicinal plants may cause deterioration of the active principles with time, thus, reducing the efficacy of plants. Therefore, quantification of the active principle is essential before using the crude drug. Phyllanthus amarus (PA) contains lignans, namely, phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin, which shows anti-hepatotoxic activity. In this paper, we highlight the effect of storage conditions on the quantification of bioactive markers by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis in the crude plant material of PA. HPLC analysis of crude PA samples stored for certain period at long-term study (LS, 30 °C and 65% RH), accelerated study (AS, 40°C and 75% RH), and real-time study (RT) conditions was carried out using the LiChroCART Purospher® STAR RP-18 endcapped (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column along with a Purospher STAR RP 18e (4.0 × 4.0 mm, 5 μm) guard column using methanol:water (70:30) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1 with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 220 nm. The HPLC study indicated that PA samples kept under LS condition are rich in lignan contents as compared to the samples stored under AS and RT study conditions. Therefore, PA should be used fresh to get maximum concentration of active lignans or it should be stored under LS conditions up to 6 months.
Authors:F. Wang, H. Fan, D. Chen, H. Bai, Z. Chen and L. Xiao
Radiolabeled somatostatin analogue is a useful ligand for scintigraphic imaging of somatostatin receptor-bearing tumors. In
this study, we investigated the effects of different radiolabeling conditions on labeling yield and ratio between mono-iodinated
and di-iodinated125I-Tyr3-octreotide by HPLC analysis. In vitro and in vivo stabilities of125I-Tyr3-octreotide and111In-DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide were also determined. Both radiolabeled compounds were relatively stable in vitro, but were decomposed to free125I− and111In-DTPA in vivo, respectively.
Plants have developed various mechanisms to protect themselves against oxidative stress. One of the most important non-enzymatic antioxidants is ascorbic acid. There is thus a need for a rapid, sensitive method for the analysis of the reduced and oxidised forms of ascorbic acid in crop plants. In this paper a simple, economic, selective, precise and stable HPLC method is presented for the detection of ascorbate in plant tissue. The sensitivity, the short retention time and the simple isocratic elution mean that the method is suitable for the routine quantification of ascorbate in a high daily sample number. The method has been found to be better than previously reported methods, because of the use of an economical, readily available mobile phase, UV detection and the lack of complicated extraction procedures. The method has been tested on Arabidopsis plants with different ascorbate levels and on wheat plants during Cd stress.
Authors:E.E. Sage, Y.X. Chang, R. Wickneswari and M.M. Mackeen
HPLC-UV system. The sample set was kept at -20 °C for 24 h and injected into the HPLC-UV system using the same method. 1.5 HPLCanalysis of HN labelled samples GABA standards and samples labelled with HN were analysed in triplicate using an Agilent 1100
Authors:M. Drobac, J. Arsenijević and N. Kovačević
reduced pressure (Rotavapor RII, Buchi) and redissolved in 5 ml of 80% (v/v) MeOH. Prior to injection, extracts were filtered through a 0.45 μm syringe filter (Captiva, Agilent Technologies). 1.3 HPLCanalysisHPLCanalysis was performed on an Agilent 1100
A novel method for separating and concentrating magnolol and honokiol from Magnoliae Cortex by solvent sublation and analysis of the compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been established. The optimum conditions for solvent sublation were use of n-butanol as sublation solvent, sample solution at pH 2, nitrogen flow 50 mL min–1, and sublation time 50 min. The floating product obtained under the optimum conditions was determined by HPLC analysis on a C18 reversed-phase column, with 22:78 (%, v/v) water-methanol as isocratic mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.00 mL min–1. When the method was used for quantification of magnolol and honokiol in Magnoliae Cortex recovery ranged from 98.1 to 106.1%, RSD was from 3.07 to 4.80%, and LOD for honokiol and magnolol were 0.94 and 1.14 ng mL–1, respectively.
Authors:M. Szaufer-Hajdrych, W. Bylka, I. MatłAwska, M. Wójciak-Kosior, G. Matysik and J. Jodynis-Liebert
Densitometric HPTLC and HPLC have been used for quantification of p-coumaric and protocatechuic acids in an ethereal fraction from a methanolic extract of Aquilegia vulgaris L. HPLC analysis was performed on an RP-18 column with methanol-water-formic acid 25:75:0.5 (υ/υ) as mobile phase. Thin layer chromatography was performed on Si60 F254 HPTLC plates with mixtures of heptane, dichloromethane, diisopropyl ether, formic acid, and water as mobile phases. Satisfactory separation of the phenolic acids was achieved by use of the multiple gradient development technique. The quantities of p-coumaric and protocatechuic acids determined by HPLC were 0.374 and 2.283 mg g−1 dry plant material, respectively; HPTLC results were somewhat higher — 0.396 and 2.584 mg g−1, respectively. The precision of both methods, expressed as relative standard deviation, was satisfactory. The methods are useful for quality control of Aquilegia vulgaris extracts.
The fruits of Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo Alef. are very much appreciated in low calory human diets, mainly for their delicate taste. Their carotenoid pattern has not yet been established, as both the epicarp and the mesocarp are white, suggesting that they contain no carotenoids. HPLC analysis of carotenoids from these fruits revealed a chromatographic pattern very similar to that of other fruits belonging to different varieties of Cucurbita pepo L. - a fact with great chemotaxonomic importance. The main carotenoids are lutein and ß-carotene; traces of violaxanthin, lactucaxanthin, ß-cryptoxanthin, 9Z-ß-carotene and 15Z-ß-carotene are also present. HPLC separation was achieved on a Nucleosil 120 - 5 C18 column, using the following mobile phases: A - acetonitrile : water (9 : 1) and B - ethyl acetate. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the solvent gradient was as follows: from 0 to 16 min - 10 to 70% B, then from 16 to 25 min - 70 to 10% B. Quantification of the carotenoids was achieved by the internal standard method, using echinenone as internal standard. The total carotenoid content was found to be 1.12 µg carotenoids/g dry weight for the mesocarp and 3.62 µg carotenoids/g dry weight for the epicarp.
Authors:F.-Y. Du, X.-H. Xiao, P.-P. Xu and G.-K. Li
An efficient ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted (IL-MAE) method has been developed for extraction of dehydrocavidine from Corydalis saxicola Bunting (C. saxicola) for subsequent rapid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield of dehydrocavidine reached 9.446 mg g−1 within 10 min under the optimum IL-MAE conditions (1.5 mol L−1 [hmim]Br as extraction solvent, liquid-to-solid ratio 20:1 (mL:g), and extraction temperature 70°C). Compared with conventional procedures, the proposed IL-MAE method has many advantages, for example high extraction yield, short extraction time, low solvent consumption, no use of volatile organic solvents, and no further sample clean-up before HPLC analysis. The method was validated for limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, recovery, and reproducibility. The calibration range was 5.0–200 mg L−1 and the correlation coefficient, r, was 0.9996. The LOD and LOQ were 0.035 and 0.12 mg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day assays were below 2.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Recovery was between 93.8% and 109.3% with RSD values below 5.0%. The method can be used for rapid and effective extraction and analysis of active components from medicinal plants.
Authors:T. Sivakumar, R. Manavalan and K. Valliappan
This paper deals with optimization of a liquid-liquid extraction procedure for simultaneous HPLC analysis of domperidone and pantoprazole in human plasma. Central composite design and Derringer's desirability function were used to optimize the concentration of KOH and the volume of ethyl acetate as the main factors affecting the liquid-liquid extraction procedure. After extraction, the analytes were separated quantitatively on a C18 column with 10 mM pH 7.0 phosphate buffer-methanol-acetonitrile 48.46:20:31.54 (υ/υ) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.20 mL min−1 and with UV detection at 285 nm. It was concluded that extraction recovery of both the analytes was affected by KOH concentration and that recovery of pantoprazole was affected by ethyl acetate (extraction solvent) volume. Extraction recovery under optimum extraction conditions was 93.52% for domperidone and 92.72% for pantoprazole. The optimized extraction method was validated. Linearity was established for six levels in the ranges 10–1000 ng mL−1 for pantoprazole and 15–1000 ng mL−1 for domperidone. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) and detection (LOD) were estimated as 9.84 and 5.91 ng mL−1, respectively, for pantoprazole and 14.56 and 8.79 ng mL−1 for domperidone. The optimized method was linear, specific, accurate, and precise; the high recovery (>92%) and low relative standard deviation (<2.5%) enable reliable quantification of these analytes in spiked human plasma.

domain: literature


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The materials were authored by some of the world’s leading climate scientists and accompanied by the following note: We feel that climate science is too important to be kept under wraps.
We hereby release a random selection of correspondence, code, and documents.
as “an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere,” either by “human industry and agriculture” or by natural causes like the Earth has “experienced numerous” times “through its history.” * Some writers use the phrases “global warming” and “climate change” to mean temperature changes strictly caused by human activity.   Other writers use adjectives such as “man-made” and “anthropogenic” to distinguish between human and non-human causes.  (“Anthropogenic” means “of human origin,” and “AGW” stands for “anthropogenic global warming.”) * Just Facts’ Standards of Credibility require the use of “language that is precise and unambiguous.” Hence, when human causes are stated or implied, this research uses terms like “man-made” and “human-induced.” * The greenhouse effect is a warming effect caused by certain gases that retain heat from sunlight. Without such gases, the average surface temperature of the Earth would be below freezing, and as explained by the , “life, as we know it, would not exist.” The global warming debate is centered upon whether added greenhouse gases released by human activity will overheat the Earth and cause harmful effects. * Human activities currently release about 37 billion metric tons of CO2 per year, which equates to about 5% of natural CO2 emissions.
Natural processes absorb the equivalent of all natural emissions plus about 57% of man-made emissions, leaving an additional 16 billion metric tons of CO2 in the atmosphere each year. † In permafrost regions, perennial snow accumulations trap air bubbles that leave records of past airborne CO2 concentrations,   and because regional CO2 concentrations vary by less than 10 parts per million over the Earth, these local records are globally representative.  * Instruments located on satellites can measure certain properties of oxygen that vary with temperature.
For instance, the sea level in the Indian Ocean is about 330 feet below the worldwide average, while the sea level in Ireland is about 200 feet above average.

domain: geography


22nd June 2014
Transcripts of the last week of parliamentary debates and questions on fracking and shale gas and oil
- Michael Fallon denies any cases of water contamination from fracking
- Value of shale gas to the economy
- Investment in the shale gas industry
- The Lords debate the Infrastructure Bill proposals to allow drilling without landowers’ consent
- Learning from the American experience
With thanks to theyworkforyou.com
Debate on shale gas in the House of Commons
Priti Patel (Witham, Conservative)
What recent estimate has he [the Energy Minister] made of the value to the UK economy of the shale gas sector.
Michael Fallon (The Minister of State, Department of Energy and Climate Change; Sevenoaks, Conservative)
The Government are promoting responsible shale development for greater energy security, to deliver jobs and growth and to support investment. The recent EY report estimates that there could be £33 billion-worth of spend on shale gas exploration creating about 64,000 jobs, including over £20 billion on hydraulic fracturing and £8 billion on drilling and completion of the wells. That is why we are supporting exploration to understand just how much of this potential can be realised.
I thank the Minister for his response. Given the enormous projected value of the shale gas sector and the opportunity shale provides for energy independence, do the Government have plans to support more investment in shale gas infrastructure?
Yes, we have set out the new fiscal regime that will apply to shale exploration. We have a system of robust regulation in place. There are some dozen companies now exploring, and I shall shortly be inviting applications for new onshore licences under the 14th licensing round, which will afford more opportunities for new companies to enter this market, and I know colleagues across the House will want to champion applications for licences in their area.
Tom Greatrex (Shadow Energy Minister; Rutherglen and Hamilton West, Labour)
The Minister in his reply referred to robust regulation, and he is right that robust regulation is important, as is comprehensive monitoring of those regulations to meet the higher public acceptability test for this technology. Given that groundwater can contain methane naturally, will the Minister explain why it is that, more than two and half years after the issue being raised with his predecessors, it is still the case that the regulations do not include the baseline monitoring of methane in groundwater, especially as there are concerns about such contamination in the US and elsewhere? Surely it is important that we have that as part of the regulation to ensure confidence in the regulatory regime for shale gas.
There are no examples from the United States of hydraulic fracturing contaminating groundwater because, as the hon. Gentleman will appreciate, the fracturing takes place very much deeper than any groundwater levels. I am happy to look at the specific point that he mentions about baseline monitoring.
[This point is disputed by environmental organisations]
Second Reading of the Infrastructure Bill, House of Lords
We still do not have the clauses related to fracking, and consultations on that issue and important issues relating to the Land Registry and community electricity are still incomplete—some have not even commenced.
The noble Baroness said, if I noted it down correctly, that this legislation is “still being developed”. If I may say so, that is one of the most remarkable statements I have heard from a Minister while introducing a Bill, which the House would expect to be fully developed at the point of introduction. Instead, we have a major heading, “Fracking”, and a long spiel from the noble Baroness about how this will be vital for the future energy needs of the country, but the following pages are blank. With respect, that is no way to treat Parliament or your Lordships. In the vernacular, the Government are legislating on the hoof—or perhaps I should say on the future hoof, as we do not even know what hoof they are going to be legislating on hereafter.
If the intention is to put shale gas production in line with the coal industry, water and sewerage, all of which have access to underground land, then we welcome this in principle. I endorse the potential gains that the noble Baroness mentioned as being well worth securing if it is possible to develop shale gas in this way. But communities need to be reassured about impacts on the environment, including methane levels, contamination of the water table and seismic shifts.
However, the big and immediate issue on energy, whatever the potential long-term gains from fracking, is the need for new power stations. According to a recent survey by the CBI and KPMG, two-thirds of British companies fear that UK infrastructure will deteriorate over the next five years and their most critical concern is about energy. Britain’s supply of electricity is dangerously close to demand. The safety margin of capacity has been shrinking and now stands well below the 20% necessary to ensure against shocks. Thanks to its antiquity and the demands of environmental legislation, roughly one-fifth of existing generating capacity will drop out of the system over the next decade.
Lord Teverson (Liberal Democrat)
We need to change the trespass legislation to bring it in line with many other areas. I am tantalised by the fact that there is such a positive reaction to geothermal energy, which is also affected by this change in legislation. In the Queen’s Speech debate, I started to ask what else the Government can do to help us kick-start the technology for geothermal energy and ensure there is that legal change. The Minister quite rightly pointed out that it has great potential for us as a country. I agree that fracking is important for our energy security in the medium term in terms of gas provision. However, in moving towards decarbonisation, gas can be only a transition energy source but it can be an important part of that formula, given the major decline in North Sea oil production.
Lord Cameron of Dillington (Cross-bench)
On the fracking clauses, I was not alone in believing that we would see those clauses in this Bill. Noble Lords will remember that I mentioned this in my speech on the second day of the Queen’s Speech debate. In a somewhat jocular account of the Government’s legislative programme, the House Magazine said that this was going to be called the “drill, baby, drill” Bill. Well, it will be. I am grateful to my noble friend for the letter that she sent me yesterday which said that the House will have an opportunity to consider those clauses once the consultation was complete and the Government could be sure that they would have sufficient support for them. That is one way of doing it. We want to get ahead with this—that is why the Bill has been introduced—and it is perfectly possible, with the notice that has been given, to have the clauses dealt with as they were.
Lord Hodgson of Astley Abbots (Conservative)
fracking has not so far appeared in the Bill. However, my noble friend on the Front Bench has trailed it extensively so I take this opportunity to urge the Government, as they consider the whole issue of fracking, to consider at the same time the possibility of establishing a sovereign wealth fund for the UK. Noble Lords will be familiar with the concept of such a fund, whereby a country, instead of spending all the proceeds from the exploitation of a precious and finite resource on immediate consumption, puts some proportion aside to benefit future generations. One could argue that this is akin to an everlasting pension fund for UK plc. The noble Lords, Lord Oxburgh and Lord Cameron of Dillington, were fringing on this when they talked about local participation in individual schemes.
The Earl of Lytton (Crossbencher)
On fracking, I will only say this as a Sussex resident: the typical yield decline in the output from a fracking well is phenomenally steep. For all the theoretical reserves that exist, typically about 10% or less may be recoverable—maybe that will improve. I do not believe that aquifers are an issue; they operate much nearer the surface than the shale gas and shale oil reserves. However, at the surface one gets roads, tanks, pipes, vehicle tracks and the vehicles themselves that are all associated with this, even after the initial well drillers have all packed up and gone home. These may be acceptable, but I think we need a better understanding of cost-benefit, and some of that goes for much of the rest of the Bill.
Lord Hunt of Chesterton (Labour)
Will this [indigenous oil and gas] be a possible source of energy for the UK via fracking? It is important to consider all the environmental costs. It is unknown by many in Britain, as we have been told here by visiting American politicians, that in the energy Bill proposed by President Bush he explicitly said that the costs of water and water clean-up would not be ascribed to the energy. It is therefore really important that all the environmental costs should be ascribed to the energy benefits or costs of fracking. It would be useful to have that point clearly made. The assumption in all the discussions is that you put a pipe down in the ground and oil or gas will come up out of the pipe. But the point about the experience of America is that, once you start really forcing the structure of the ground well below, you can get a release of gas coming up through other cracks, and some of these—as you can see when you look at the photographs from North Dakota—are very serious indeed. You can see flames popping up in between the nodding donkey gas extractors. There are still significant features of the chemistry of shale that need to be understood, when the shale is there in the presence of water. I visited a chemistry lab at the University of Leicester where they are studying this, and they pointed out that there were still important research questions to be assessed.
it is very important that if communities are to be involved in fracking, as has been suggested—I think that the Minister suggested that—they must also contribute to the costs. As others have emphasised, these costs include roadways and destruction of the local bio-environment, as well as the costs of the water supply and clean-up and recycling. So it is not just a free lunch. There will be quite considerable investment in all of that—but I believe that if the community is involved the right answer might be obtained.
Lord Davies of Oldham (Labour)
We appreciate that the consultation that the Government are carrying out on this does not conclude until August and we are quite content to wait to see the government proposals as a consequence of that consultation. However, it indicates what a rag bag of a Bill this is that government proposals about one of its more important features are scarcely before the House today.
Baroness Kramer (Liberal Democrat)
We recognise that the oil and gas industry in the UK is of national importance and will be a vital part of the energy mix. While investment levels in the UK continental shelf are rising and near-term prospects are strong, there are new challenges for exploration and production. The environment is, frankly, very different from the circumstances when production peaked approximately 15 years ago. We will be responding very shortly to the Wood review.
Written questions to the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Gregory Campbell (East Londonderry, DUP)
To ask the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change whether he has had any discussions with his counterpart in the United States Department of Energy as to any change in the estimated levels of recoverable shale gas reserves which has occurred in the US since fracking began; what effect, if any, this might have on potential fracking in the UK; and how the emerging lessons of shale gas extraction in the US and elsewhere are applied in calculating and updating estimates of recoverable reserves in the UK.
Ministers in the Department meet their ministerial counterparts from the Department of Energy in the United States of America on a number of occasions and have wide-ranging discussions.
All meetings between external organisations and Ministers in the Department of Energy and Climate Change are published on a quarterly basis on the Department’s website and are available for download at this link: http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/accesstoinform/registers/registers.aspx
As has been the case with successive Administrations, it is not the Government’s practice to provide details of all such meetings


U.S. Physical Therapy USPH, +0.67% is sinking more than 23 percent to $11.58 after the Houston outpatient clinic operator reported first-quarter earnings of $1.8 million, or 15 cents per share, down from its year-ago profit of $2.1 million, or 16 cents per share. Revenue, however, rose 12 percent to $25 million in the latest three months from $22.2 million in the same period a year earlier. The company attributed the revenue increase to a jump in patient visits, as well as rise in revenue per patient visit. U.S. Physical Therapy said results were hurt by bad weather and the state of the economy. The company also trimmed its outlook for the fulll year to earnings growth of 10 to 17 percent, well below its prior projection for growth of 17 to 22 percent.
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Climate Change and the UNGPs
Climate change impacts the enjoyment and/or realisation of all human rights, though the impact may be felt differently and disproportionately by different individuals and groups. Climate change also has a bearing on the achievement of all Sustainable Development Goals, not least Goal 13 (take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts).
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) do not address climate change explicitly. Nevertheless, the UNGPs are relevant to climate mitigation efforts on the part of States, businesses and other stakeholders. For example, as part of their Pillar I duty under the UNGPs, States would be expected to take a range of effective measures to protect against business-related climate change within their territory and/or jurisdiction. Similarly, business enterprises may not be able to discharge their responsibility to respect all internationally recognised human rights unless they integrate climate change considerations into their human rights due diligence processes. Diverse judicial and non-judicial mechanisms are also being used to seek remedies against both States and businesses for causing, contributing to, or failing to prevent climate change.
Building on existing climate change standards, its prior work and sessions organised at the UN Forum in
2018, the Working Group on Business and Human Rights will develop an Information Note on what all three pillars of the UNGPs entail for States and business enterprises in relation to climate change. We hope that this Note will provide practical guidance to all relevant stakeholders. Further information will be posted on this webpage in due course.


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Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the 19th century. The map below shows the development of the village.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village.
The map shows the development in the population of Chorleywood, which is a village adjacent to London, from 1868 to 1994. In over a century, the village had considerably been more populous. There are 4 stages showing the most prominent growth in Chorleywood's population. Generally, all the residential expansion happened where there were lots of traffic.
The first stage, which lasted from 1868 to 1883, saw the expansion od residence in the East part of the main road. Next, in the 1883 - 1922 stage, the appearance of the railway attracted more residents in the southern direction of the formal expansion. The railway section near the right sie of the main road became more densely populated. Move onto the next stage ( 1922-1970), the expansion happened in 2 areas which were on the both sides of the second expanded area. A motorway was also published at the end of the stage in 1970. The last stage was the most outstanding growth since there were more residential parts in the conjunction of the main road and the motorway and that one of the main road and the railway.


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Peptides have received a lot of fame in the cosmetic industry but when it comes to understanding how they work, things aren’t always clear. Having been a popular ingredient in anti-aging skin care products for some time now, why have we chosen Matrixyl 3000™ and how does it work?
Matrikines are extracellular derived peptides which regulate the activity of surrounding cells (most importantly in our case the fibroblasts). Normally, when proteins like collagen or elastin break down in the extracellular matrix, the portions of the broken protein (the matrikines) act as a signal to repair the damage and activate the production of new extracellular matrix proteins. The peptides Pal-GHK and Pal-GQPR in Matrixyl 3000™ mimic this signal of extracellular damage, and thus production of new molecules like collagen and elastin is activated.
With a repaired extracellular matrix caused by the increased production of collagen and elastin, the skin will appear firmer, and wrinkles will be less visible.
If you are looking for more information, or need clarification, please contact us with any questions about the technical aspects of the active ingredients in Skin Management System by Dr. Strauss!
Send us an email if you have any questions or want to learn more! email@example.com
Skin Management System by Dr. Strauss
Comments will be approved before showing up.

domain: chemistry


The Kihon Black Stretch Denim is a 12oz Japanese stretch denim with a black exterior warp and interior weft, for an classic blacked out look. This denim contains 2% Elastane for increased comfort and stretch recovery performance, allowing the Kihon to stretch and snap back to shape wear after wear. Other details include tonal black stitching, black co branded Drop leather patch, and mil-spec non-reflective black zipper and rivets. Cut and sewn in Canada at the Naked & Famous Denim family owned factory.
The Super Guy is a skinny fit with a medium rise, a slim top block, and a taper from knee to hem.
- 11.5oz Japanese Stretch Denim
- 98% Cotton / 2% Elastane
- Made in Canada
- SKU: 1MS756000


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I originally took the idea from Beauty and the Beast but then modernised it, I believe today’s society and current media believe all girls should look perfect, which they have created to be a superficial unrealistic view of women. I wanted my video to reflect this, by twisting the gender roles from the original storyline I believe I have achieved this.
The media present most desirable females to be perfectly proportioned, beautiful photoshopped women. The message sent out to its audiences is that unless you look like these females you cannot be beautiful yourself. This is creating a massive impact in particularly on teenage girls as the younger generation has a vastly increasing need to grow up. Girls are dressing more provocative and unsuitable clothing for their age, more and more girls feel self-conscious about there weight when they have no need to, in some extreme cases leading to having eating disorders.
Although my video shows a girl who gets noticed through having superficial items such as make up and hair extensions, I wanted to use this in an extreme and explicit way to show what the media is ultimately doing, the only difference is its unconscious and implicit to the viewer.
I also wanted to present to the viewer how easily it is for victims in schools to get cyber bullied by so many online, bullying has become a bigger issue since the internet as it allows bullies to humiliate people publicly.
Although I have completely changed the story from the original the moral of the story is still there; that you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover.

domain: sociology


The must-have accessory for sport-touring! Greatly eases basic chain maintenance, tire changes, parking, and bike cleaning. Super-strong steel construction features typical German design and high engineering standards. Superb integration with the factory exhaust and sidestand components -- retain all existing features without sacrificing lean angle or clearances.
All hardware needed to mount the centerstand included. Typically installs using basic hand tools. No welding, cutting, or drilling of existing frame or body parts required. Tough black powdercoated finish with some gray fittings or hardware as applicable. A double-retention spring is included as a safety feature to prevent the centerstand from contacting pavement if one of the two springs should fail during a ride. Designed to work with OEM components -- we cannot assure fit with aftermarket exhausts or other accessories.
Special Note: We do not recommend installing centerstands on bikes with a lowered rear suspension because use on a lowered bike may result in:
- Ground clearance & cornering clearance problems
- Difficulty in lifting the lowered bike onto the centerstand
- Review by dana
Had a SW Motech centerstand on my V-Strom so choosing it for the Tiger 1050 was a no-brainer.. It tucks away nicely and doesn't interfere with suspension travel or cornering clearance in the slightest.
Installation is easy. Insert the bolt through the two cast bosses built into the frame, attach the upper spring hanger with one bolt, attach the rebound bracket with two, and attach the springs.
I did not buy the spring insertion tool, so I installed the springs by making a loop of parachute cord, looping it around the base of the stand, and pulling the springs one at a time while guiding them on to the perch with needle nose pliers.
The powder coating looks great so this product should prove very durable. (Posted on 9/1/2013)


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For clients ready to explore the offerings beyond our traditional scorecard approach, we can introduce clients to a suite of services that may provide additional savings and growth opportunities. Introduction to strategies that may utilize securities-related offerings are offered to accredited investors through registered representatives of Green Vista Capital, LLC, a registered Broker Dealer and Member of FINRA & SIPC.
Alternative opportunities are one of the strategies your team of professionals may employ. The team takes a collaborative approach – starting with an understanding of your current portfolio holdings and long-term goals, then partnering with you to identify complementary options. The strategies may serve to illuminate additional sources of savings and wealth not yet identified.
Various real estate opportunities that qualify for tax incentives or provide tax benefits, and provide unique opportunities for growth.
As provided for in the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, qualified opportunity zones (QOZ) offer specific tax incentives designed to promote long-term investment into designated developing neighborhoods across the country. This strategy can provide a way to defer, reduce or even eliminate capital gains.
The R-CLAT strategy offers a unique structure designed to mitigate the impact of taxation on income by creating income tax deductions, providing tax-free supplemental retirement benefits and providing significant funds to charity.
Your team of professionals has combed through the statutes to find strategies that may help you keep more of what your earn. Discover additional offerings designed to preserve your wealth.
Roth conversions are typically multi-year strategies used to take advantage of the lower tax rates provided by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA. The TCJA presents an opportunity for some people to take advantage of the lower tax rates to convert traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs. Additional strategies may be offered to minimize the tax liability.
Cost segregation strategies provide an opportunity to reclassify building components and accelerate depreciation. This approach is ideal for buildings that cost more than $500,000 and have been purchased and/or rehabilitated within the past five years.
Captive insurance is a form of self-insurance. With captive insurance, a business can create its own coverage or supplemental coverage to achieve two goals: protection for the business and financial advantages for the owner.
According to Section 831(b), up to $2.2 million (indexed for inflation from 2015) can be excluded from underwriting income.

domain: finance


text:
Jun 26, 2012, 12:40 PM EDT
There’s a good news, bad news situation at play with Boston Bruins prospect Alex Khokhlachev.
The good? After a second solid season with OHL Windsor, he’ll be in Wilmington this week for Bruins Development camp.
The bad? In the fall, he’s off to Russia.
Joe Haggerty of CSNNE.com reports (via the Windsor Star) that Khokhlachev — taken 40th overall by Boston in 2011 — will play with Spartak Moscow of the KHL next season, where he’ll reunite with his father, Igor, who works in Spartak’s front office.
More, from Haggerty, who astutely points out Khokhlachev’s nickname is “Koko”:
Khokhlachev led the Spitfires with 25 goals and 69 points in 56 games last season, and wouldn’t appear to have much to prove at the junior hockey level after two dominant seasons. Essentially, Koko is “in between” being ready to graduate from Canadian junior hockey, and not being old enough to play in the AHL next season as a 19-year-old prospect.
So Khokhlachev will play the season in Russia, and the Bruins retain his rights while having until June 1 next year to sign the talented young forward prospect before losing those rights.
Some will draw comparisons between this situation and the one Washington faces with Evgeni Kuznetsov, but that’s unfair. Khokhlachev really is in bind given his age, whereas Kuznetsov is eschewing the Caps’ minor league system to stay in the KHL.
Should also be noted that, at 19, Khokhlachev will be gaining invaluable experience playing with men at the pro level. Spartak features a few ex-NHLers, like Branko Radivojevic and Shaone Morrisonn.
- Blackhawks’ Sharp: ‘We knew we had to get two points’ 5
- Video: Brian Engblom takes a puck to the head 9
- Flames jump back into third in Pacific, beat Preds 6
- Letang concussed, Penguins will dress five defensemen 17
- NHL on NBCSN: Sharks desperate for wins, Penguins seek definitive end to slump 7
- Video: Bolts lose Garrison, Paquette in loss to Wings 4
- Bruins ruin Lundqvist’s return 28
- Video: Letang hospitalized after Doan hit (Update) 48
- Bruins chalk Rask’s absence up to dehydration (Update) 4
- Happy returns: Datsyuk plays for Detroit 2

domain: news


text:
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3 reviews | 4.7 out of 5
This book gives you everything you need to know if you're considering adopting a racing greyhound. A wide range of subjects including expectations on first day at home to training advice. A must read.
Great book for anyone thinking about adopting a greyhound.

domain: library


text:
This ring holder is perfectly glittery! It would look amazing on a dressing table, in the bathroom or adorning a lovely sideboard.
It is made with high quality resin, pigments, shimmer and sparkle which enable me to make wonderful ocean details!
Measuring approx 4.5cm high.
Important – there are imperfections on this piece as the top is missing its peak and this has been reflected in the price. No refunds will be given.
Please note – the jewellery does not come with the holder.
1 in stock


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Monitoring, documentation and reporting
Athan conducts research in three ways: through monitoring, documentation and reporting. Athan’s research team monitors for potential violations of freedom of expression daily. Additionally, they monitor legal changes and how long-term freedom of expression issues are being dealt with. For example, Athan documents the number of cases under several laws, such as: the Telecommunications Law, the Law Protecting the Privacy and Security of Citizens, the Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Procession Law and Section 505 of the Penal Code as well as the number of journalists prosecuted or sued.
By documenting, Athan systematically turns observation into evidence. This allows for a quantitative overview of the situation. Documentation and analysis form the basis for their conclusions. Therefore, Athan is a reliable source for up to date information about freedom of expression in Myanmar.
Athan reports on the situation of freedom of expression in three different formats: statements, short analyses and full research reports. While short statements provide current figures, short analyses provide a brief, illustrated overview on eight pages or less. In contrast, reports have a limited, in-depth focus on specific issues. Reports bring together all the evidence, legal and historical context into a single document.
Published full research reports by Athan so far include:
- a report on the “Status of Freedom of Expression Within the First Two Years Under the Civilian Government” (10th June 2018, Myanmar only),
- the “Mid-term Report on Freedom of Expression” (18th October 2018, bilingual),
- the “Mid-Year Report on the Status of Freedom of Expression in Myanmar” (1st September 2019, bilingual) and
- a special report, “Promises Turn into a Statue: Unsettled Disputes about General Aung San Statue in a Land with Untold History” (April 2019, bilingual).
The special report documents the erection of a statue of General Aung San in the regional capital of Kayah (Karenni) State. This report provides some historical background of the independent Karenni States. It then quotes some Karenni ethic people’s reasons for their rejection of statues of General Aung San on their land. Lastly, it documents the suppression of Karenni activists for exercising their right to free expression.
These analyses and research have contributed to reports by other national and international organizations.


PENANG, April 9 – Containers with plastic and waste are jamming up the Penang Port, says a businessman, calling for an immediate set up of a task force to look into the situation.
“There is an urgent need for a task force that can look into clearing the growing traffic of these containers that are potentially hazardous,” says Tham Soon Seong, a businessman and housing developer who once served as branch manager for the Danish shipping company, Maersk Line Sdn Bhd.
“These containers with waste and plastic will start to leak waste water and become toxic over time, and this will flow into the sea and cause pollution,” Tham told Weekly-Echo in an interview.
“It is just a disaster waiting to happen, considering the nearby residential areas, villages and if a fire happens that will just make matters worse,” said Tham, who is very familiar with Penang’s port operations, having served on the Penang Port Industry Consultative Committee from 1982 to 1992.
He said the former Minister of Energy, Technology, Science, Climate Change and Environment, Yeo Bee Yin had somewhat brought under control the issue of plastic pollution particularly that at the Penang port but the consistency was not there now.
Apart from a lack of attention on the issue by the port operators, he said there was also a lack of knowledge on the part of staff not connected to port activities.
They lack certain information and knowledge on the damages and consequences such containers storing plastic and waste could bring, he said, adding that those who had the information, especially port officers, may not be passing sufficient feedback to the relevant authorities or government agencies.
He called on the port authorities and customs department and related government agencies work together to regularly review the congestion issue and also come up with long term solutions to the problem.


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Talk of the Nation today was discussing online video and our very own Jakob Lodwick was part of the discussion. Caitlin also got a mention from the gal that wrote the piece for New York Magazine (see Caitlin's flickr for more info).
Even though Cait's not actually in the clip, she's in the cast in spirit.
Here's a link to the Talk of the Nation show. The part with Jakob is about halfway through:


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you can gain additional voting power over time, allowing your vote to have an even
greater impact on submission scores!
Help Mr Stick find his way across the 4 worlds of earth! This is only my second game so don't blame me if its not the new Fancy Pants 4! Arrow keys to move
wow this was great! :)
i agree with tdmshadowcp
giv4e it a story better controls and bosses
not too bad for your first submission but . . .
it really should have a story and better controls
Like the transparency.
It seems as if the colors make it harderrrrr........What's the music?
The sequel to "Outpost:Haven"
Hunt The Candy!!!
A thrilling rush through cyberspace!
newgrounds.com — Your #1 online entertainment & artist community! All your base are belong to us.

domain: entertainment


text:
“Erase acne scars and get clean, fresh skin!”
Your Accent Scar Reduction Treatment:
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Treat acne and acne scarring
Regenerates your skin, coming back fuller and smoother
Our Alma laser scar reduction treatment improves the texture, tone and appearance of skin with minimal downtime. This treatment is specifically designed to dramatically improve many problem skin areas – including reducing the aesthetic imperfections of acne scarring.
Our laser targets the surface of the skin where prior acne has made the surface uneven.
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How it works
Lasers and light-based systems treat the causes of active acne, not just the visible symptoms. The tissue is warmed, destroying sebaceous glands in the skin, resulting in a long-term reduction in the sebum production: Acne is simply dried up.
The light also reduces the amount of bacteria in the skin, which are a major cause of inflammations. The warmth of the light stimulates collagen neo-synthesis in deeper skin layers, mildening deeper acne scars. This smoothes the skin surface; uneven areas perfectly match the healthy skin.
The acne treatment with lasers and light-based systems has almost no side effects and can be applied on all skin types. Inflammated skin is very sensitive; the patient may experience slight discomfort during the treatment.
Accent Scar Reduction Results
Within the next day, you can expect to see tiny holes forming, which will begin to disappear as the skin starts peeling three to five days out. By the end of the first week, your skin will have healed, and should be showing immediate changes.
Why get your Accent Skin Tightening treatment at the Laser Center of Milford?
Our technicians are certified by Alma laser – the medical aesthetic laser industry leader – and take their time and expertise to explain any questions you may have.

domain: medical


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Years Active: 1998–present
Genres: Country, Rap/Hip Hop, Soul/R&B
Cynthia Loving (born November 3, 1978), also known by her stage name Lil' Mo, is an American R&B singer and songwriter. She is best known for collaborating with artists such as Ja Rule, Angie Martinez, Sacario, Missy Elliott, Ol' Dirty Bastard and Fabolous, and for her hit single "Superwoman Pt. II."
'R&B Divas' Dish on L.A. Spinoff at Hollywood Premiere
Lil Mo Spills the Tea on 'R&B Divas L.A.'
Lil Mo Wants Keyshia Cole to 'Bow Down' and Stop Tweeting
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domain: celebrity


Woodinville Fire Benevolent Fund is sponsoring a viewing of “Finding Kind” at Overlake Christian Church, 9900 Willows Road NE, Redmond. The viewing is May 10, 2012 at 6:30 p.m. The show is free to the public. The movie addresses girl-on-girl bullying. Due to the nature of the subject and some strong language used intermittently throughout the film, it is recommended for age 10 and over. More information about the film can be found at findingkind.indieflix.com.


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The Stinging Fly – 21 March
21st March 2016 @ 7:30 pm - 9:30 pm£5
The ILS comes together with The Stinging Fly literary magazine to reflect on the literary legacy of 1916. The bumper anniversary edition, subtitled ‘In the Wake of the Rising’, brings together 43 writers to respond to the literature and events of the 1916 Rising. Readings by contributors: Martina Evans, Aisling Fahy, Grahame Williams, and Joan Win Brennan will accompany a discussion between the ILS Hon. Secretary, Gavin Clarke, with publisher Declan Meade and guest editor Sean O’Reilly.
… [I]n today’s tough market, where literary fiction is no longer the cornerstone of the publishing business, no longer the prestige flagship of any respectable publishing firm, the influence of the literary magazine is arguably no longer what it once was. However, in Ireland, one small but beautifully formed magazine is bucking that trend, launching the careers of literary talents, nurturing them with care and even publishing their work in book form. How, exactly, does The Stinging Fly do it?”Alison Walsh, The Sunday IndependentSean O’Reilly on editing the special edition:
‘There are many reasons behind the publication of this special edition of The Stinging Fly in the centenary year of the Easter Rising. Perhaps the most important one, I would say, is that any literary magazine, whether it likes it or not, is a product of the times in which it is made. Hopefully, it is also an inspirational and critical response to those times. The issue would open up an alternative space for writers to re-read and respond to the events of that Easter Monday, the background and the legacy, and to the Proclamation itself, a founding document of the Republic, outside of the official events and memorials planned by the government of the day—which, as I write, is preparing to go to the people again. The writers were free to respond to this material in whatever way they wanted, in any shape or form.’
The ‘In the Wake of the Rising’ issue will feature on The Book on One on RTÉ Radio One during the week March 21st to March 25th.
The Stinging Fly magazine was established in 1997 to seek out, publish and promote the very best new Irish and international writing. Three issues are published each year. The Stinging Fly Press operates in tandem with the magazine and has published debut short-story collections by Kevin Barry, Michael J. Farrell, Mary Costello, Colin Barrett, Claire-Louise Bennett and Danielle McLaughlin.
Tickets are not available as this event has passed.


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Corn dogs, popsicles, frozen chocolate bananas…….here’s one more thing to eat off a stick.
By now you’ve probably heard of these things called cake pops. They are the cutest thing on a stick! Essentially, it’s balls of cake dipped in chocolate and covered in sprinkles (or not) and made to look like lollipops. As you can see from above, the possibilities are endless when it comes to decorating these pops.
I decided I was too much of a wimp to tackle this project alone, so I did what any wimp would do, invite a friend to join me! Together, we struggled through the tough parts and learned as we went. We had a few balls drop down the stick like the New Year’s ball in Time Square. And, just like that ball, we celebrated when it got down to the bottom, because then we got to eat it…………Happy New Year!
Red Velvet Cake Balls
1 box red velvet cake mix (cook as directed on box for 13 X 9 cake)
1 can cream cheese frosting (16 oz.)
1 package chocolate bark (regular or white chocolate)
After cake is cooked and cooled completely, crumble into large bowl. Mix thoroughly with 1 can cream cheese frosting. (It may be easier to use fingers to mix together, but be warned it will get messy).
Roll mixture into quarter size balls and lay on cookie sheet. (Should make 45-50. You can get even more if you use a mini ice cream scooper, but I like to hand roll them). Chill for several hours. (You can speed this up by putting in the freezer.)
Melt chocolate in microwave per directions on package.
To make lollipops, insert the lollipop sticks while the chocolate is still wet. Decorate with sprinkles.
TIP – Dip end of your lollipop stick in the melted chocolate before inserting into chocolate bottoms. Not sure if this helps a lot, but it couldn’t hurt.
DON’T – get water in the chocolate. Make sure your hands are completely dry. Water will cause the chocolate to separate and mess up all your hard work.
Let them dry in a styrofoam block that you have already poked holes into.
When completely dry, cover the lollipops with small plastic treat bags and tie with a ribbon.

domain: food


PULS is launching the PISA protection module that enables PLCs or other critical equipment to be connected directly to one 24V power supply and, at the same time, protect up to four other associated circuits. In the event of one or more of these circuits becoming overloaded, the PISA module interrupts the current to prevent the output voltage to the PLC being adversely affected. Each output channel is fitted with an internal fuse conforming to UL248 and meeting the requirements of Branch Circuit Protection UL508A section 31.1.2.
PISA units also serve as diagnostic tools by identifying which circuit has failed, simplifying fault-finding and reducing downtime.
PISA modules give operators the opportunity to connect devices according to their power requirements via four current-monitored output channels. Outputs ranging from 3-10A are available enabling wires of a smaller cross-section to be used where appropriate, thereby saving costs.
PULS UK's Managing Director, Harry Moore, comments: "The PISA module offers customers a number of advantages both in terms of protecting vital circuits from failure and saving costs by allowing cabling to be used more intelligently. Alongside that, PISA's ability to pin-point an overloaded circuit is a valuable tool for assisting fault diagnosis in the working environment where time is money."
Contact PULS UK for more information about the PISA protection module.


- Mumbai have 8 points from 7 matches and are at number four in the points table
- Despite the loss, Chennai remain on top with 10 points from 7 matches.
- Pollard was adjudged Man of the Match for his all-round performance.
Mumbai Indians veteran all-rounder Kieron Pollard has become the fastest fifty-runner in IPL 2021. Pollard completed his half-century off 17 balls in the 27th match of IPL against Chennai Super Kings (CSK). Pollard was voted Man of the Match for his all-round performance.
Pollard hit 3 fours and 6 sixes during his half-century in the match played at Arun Jaitley Stadium in New Delhi. Pollard’s name is the record for the fastest half-century from Mumbai in the IPL.
This is the first time Mumbai has scored more than 200 runs in the IPL. Interestingly, 218 runs were Chennai’s best score against Mumbai. Despite this, he was defeated.
Even against KKR, he has hit half a century on 17 balls.
Prior to this, Pollard had scored a half-century in 17 balls against KKR in Mumbai in 2016, while Mumbai batsman Ishaan Kishan completed only 17 balls against KKR in Kolkata in 2018. Hardik Pandaya played a half-century in 2019 against Kolkata on the same number of balls.
Mumbai wins on the last ball
In this match played at New Delhi’s Arun Jaitley Stadium, Mumbai captain Rohit Sharma won the toss and called Chennai to bat first. Chennai scored 218 for 4 wickets. In response, the Mumbai team won by losing 6 wickets on the last ball.
Pollard scored an unbeaten 87 off 34 balls which included 6 fours and 8 sixes. Apart from this, Pollard also took 2 wickets for 12 runs in 2 overs. For Mumbai, opener D Cock scored 38 runs while Rohit Sharma scored 35 runs while Krunal Pandya was dismissed for 32 runs.