The former Girls Aloud star to release book in September.
The Institute teachers releases book on drumming.
The X Factor boy band to release memoirs in the autumn.
Signature Series and Limited Edition guides to help in your adventures in Columbia.
The best-selling writer dies this morning.
The star of The Minister of Chance talks to us.
The music journalist recalls life in 90s New York City.
Sci-fi drama returns with fourth episode soon.
Online drama nominated for BBC audio drama award.
Girls Aloud star winning the festive book battle.
We speak to the Minister of Chance and the Hobbit star.
We interview the creator of The Minister of Chance.


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The Ramona series by Beverly Cleary, which is, in order: Beezus and Romona, Ramona the Pest, Ramona the Brave, Ramona and Her Father, Ramona and Her Mother, Ramona Quimby Age 8, Ramona Forever, and Ramona’s World. They were published from 1955 to 1999 (!) and include two Newbery Honors and one National Book Award. We read the current HarperTrophy edition.
These books are American classics. They have been respected for years, as has Beverly Cleary, the librarian-turned-award-winning author. Ramona has always been her most recognizable character, and is still one of her most loved and timeless. That’s probably the reason I started with Ramona in our boxed set when reading to my kids at night. That, and her books were furthest to the left, her series most complete.
Beverly Cleary was, famously, a librarian in her home state of Oregon, when she sort of stumbled on to her new career. It was the 1950s, and a child asked Cleary where the books were about kids like him. After some contemplation (and, I think, some more questions and conversations,) Cleary decided there was indeed a hole in children’s literature. While fantasy has its place, there were very few, if any, books about “kids like us.” So the imaginary but very realistic and relevant world on Klickatat Street (in Oregon in the 1950s) was born.
I have to admit that I was shocked–pleasantly–when my seven-year-old son fell in love with this series. I imagined it would be too girly with two female main characters, but Ramona is pretty darn universal. Sure, she loves a great pair of red boots or a bridesmaid dress, but she is also on the rambunctious, wild, and trouble-making side, so she appeals to a wide range of kids. Between her, her family, and her friends and neighbors, life on Klickitat Street is full of relatable and lovable characters. I loved Ramona, but I also related to toes-on-the-line Beezus and admired calm, peaceful, level-headed Mrs. Quimby. And my kids really appreciated the completely relatable problems. They saw themselves in the situations; they even made comparisons to issues in their own lives.
Another thing I really enjoyed was the setting, especially the time period. Cleary isn’t trying to force anything, she just writes about typical suburban America in the 1950s. There is no need for expose, everyone just has pretty normal lives, with their usual challenges and usual triumphs. In her books, the 50s feel interesting and calm, almost idyllic. And yet, like I keep saying, so relatable. The only thing about reading the 1950s at this point is that some things are lost in translation. But not people. Just random things. (My son loved converting the money value of things to today’s dollar equivalent.)
Having already started with the Henry Huggins series, I think I can safely say that Cleary’s writing is at its best with Ramona. It’s straight-forward and enjoyable, her plots and characters simple and un-distracting. True, there are no frills, but it lets the kids enjoy the story and helps the characters to shine.
It’s also funny. Ramona is funny. We’ll get to it more with the first book of Henry Huggins, but what other books can make a whole family chuckle over night reading? Not too many. And it’s not just kid humor. There is a vein of grown-up humor and sympathy streaking through all Cleary’s stories, even though kids may not notice it.
My one real complaint about this series? The illustrations. They are not the original illustrations, but since the books were written over such a wide time-span, there was a move to unify the Cleary books with new illustrations. (It’s nice for the box set.) However, I hate mediocre illustrations, and that’s what we found in our boxed set (Tracy Dockray). And the paperbacks I found online looked no better. There is, I suppose, a certain charm to this particular type of old-timey illustration, and yet… My son was always asking to see the illustrations, but way more than once my kids had something to say about a wonky looking hand, a kid who didn’t look quite like Ramona, or an inconsistency between the story and illustration. I’ve read so many MG series lately with terrible illustrations that I just don’t get it. There are many, many talented artists out there. Who’s hiring these guys and signing off on their work?!?
Some books in the series are a little better than others, but overall the Ramona series appears to be Cleary’s best. I liked Ramona and Her Father the best of the series, but reading it in chronological order seemed to be the way to go.
We own this movie: Ramona and Beezus (2010). We saw it before we read the books. I loved it from the beginning, but my daughter had to be convinced, which eventually she was.
The skinny is this: the movie is an amalgamation of things that happen across the Ramona series (even though it bears the title of one book). It is also very updated, so that the problems and tone are at home in the 21st century, as opposed to the 1950s. It also really underscores Ramona as an uber-imaginative, “artistic” type, which is fun because of the way the director deals with moments inside her head. I really enjoy almost everything about this movie, I only wish there were more imagination scenes.
3 thoughts on “Series Review: Ramona”
I never read this series as a child, but thanks to your write up, I am going to look out for it – it’s never too late to read a good book 🙂 And my father and I are building a book collection for my son who is now 3 🙂
This will be a great addition to your collection. Thanks for the comment.
I so loved Ramona growing up. Everything you say is right on. I always imagined that Beverly Cleary was a lot like Ramona. She understands the character so well. I did quit reading them In the late 80s though so I may have to pick up the later ones.

domain: literature


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Islam is one of the religions highly respected all over the world. One of the main reasons why it is well respected is because it has a lot of Islamic marriage laws that Muslims readily follow. In Muslim religion, there are two kinds of marriages namely Permanent marriage and fixed time marriage.
1. Permanent Marriage – This is a type of marriage that can last for the rest of the couple’s lives.
2. Fixed Time Marriage – This is also known as Mut’ah. In this type of marriage, a couple can only be married for a fixed amount of time. It can be as short as an hour although there are also instances when it can last for years.
When Muslims Can Get Married
Muslims are permitted to get married if they become physically ready for it. This means that women who already have had menstruation or for men who are already experiencing wet dreams, they are already allowed to get married. A Muslim girl who is virgin and mature and would seek marriage would need to ask the permission of her father beforehand. She is not required to ask the permission of her mother. There are instances however when the Wali also known as the parents or guardians of children will be allowed to make decisions for their children. Children can then be married before the required age.
How Muslims Can Get Married
There are certain steps that Muslims would have to follow so that they can be married.
1. There is a legal contract that is needed for Muslims to get married. In other religions, the contract must be written but for Muslims, the contract can be sealed verbally. There is a need for the couple to recite a formula with some representatives present.
2. The legal contract is required to be recited in Arabic but if in case the Muslims who are getting married are not Arabic; they can say the translation in any language.
3. If in case the translation is not correct or the meaning of the Nikah for marriage has been changed, the married will be declared void and null.
If ever Muslim men would like to marry other women from different religions, they will be allowed following the certain conditions:
• The woman should be a Jew or a Christian.
• The woman is a virgin.
• The woman understands the religion and the differences that it may have from her own.

domain: sociology


Concert pianist Ruth Laredo first played the piano at age 2, when she reached up to the keys and banged out ``God Bless America.`` But she`s not impressed.
``My mother was a piano teacher, so it was natural for me to be playing the piano,`` said Laredo, who grew up in Detroit. ``It was like walking or talking, very natural.``
Laredo`s mother taught her until she was 10, then sent her to another teacher. At the age of 10, Laredo played her first recital with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra.
``I didn`t feel like a little prodigy or anything, I just enjoyed it,``
says Laredo, who lives in New York and who has played around the world. ``I credit my parents for sending me to public high school. I had a very normal life.``
Laredo is the mother of a daughter herself, a 21-year-old who wants to become a high school English teacher. One of her most harrowing experiences on the concert circuit was the day her daughter had to have an emergency appendectomy two days before Laredo was to play a major performance.
``I was at the hospital when she woke up, and when something like that happens you don`t think about playing the piano. Later, I went home and I heard the Brahms B flat concerto I was to play on the radio. The announcer came on and said Ruth Laredo would be playing that locally. It was like a sign. I didn`t cancel. In fact, I don`t remember ever having to cancel.``
Laredo will be playing Maurice Ravel`s Piano Concerto in G with the Elgin Symphony Orchestra at 8 p.m. Saturday and at 3:30 p.m. Sunday, Oct. 21. Tickets: $17.50 adults; $15 senior students and students. 1-708-888-7389.


It’s recently been a half century considering that the US Supreme Click This Link http://order-brides.org/mail-order-bride-sites/russian-beauties-online-online-dating/ Courtroom legalized mixte marriages. Around the globe, men are choosing to marry ladies from different races with regards to various causes. They’re interested in the beauty of Cookware women or black women and are able to find the perfect match due to rise of globalization. However , some people remain skeptical regarding interracial connections. The question is : what are the secrets of successful interracial marriages?
According to researchers, there are several factors that contribute to the success of interracial marriages. That they include genuine communication, admiration for one another’s culture and values, and a willingness to find out from one an alternative. This is true for any romance but may be particularly crucial in intercultural couples. Is also vital to be aware of unconscious biases and also to unlearn stereotypes about other cultures.
While it’s very good to know that attitudes toward mixte marriage include improved over time, there’s even now a lot of prejudice to choose from. In fact, is considered still quite hard for some couples to get married because of racial elegance.
Interracial marriages are certainly more common in the South, the West as well as the Northeast. However , it may be important to understand that the country’s history of racial segregation has molded these styles. It’s also important to keep in mind that blacks and Hispanics are much less likely to get married to outside their race than whites. This http://www.swithk.com/news/36899 is largely because of lower availability of partners. Organized incarceration and higher fatality rates between blacks contain depleted the ranks of potential dark-colored partners.


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Humans successfully made it to the Moon way back in 1969, but if we’re to drop by for longer visits our astronauts need a more efficient way of sourcing food long-term. Research has improved by leaps and bounds in this department, from cleverly formulated, vacuum-packed “space foods” to grow your own projects taking place on the International Space Station (ISS). A new avenue of investigation is now taking place back here on terra firma, rather unexpectedly in the kitchen of one of NASA’s scientists.
Stuck at home under lockdown conditions, NASA scientist Max Coleman has begun researching the efficacy of radishes as a key species for lunar farming. The experiment is part of a year-long project investigating solutions for lunar farming, and his team had been scheduled to begin testing at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory before Covid-19 came along and ruined everything.
Confined to their homes and frustrated, the team were discussing the different mediums they could attempt to grow radishes in as a way of mimicking conditions on the Moon when Coleman decided enough was enough. If he couldn’t go to the lab, then the lab would come to him. "Let's not theorize about this,” Coleman reportedly exclaimed on the call. “Why don't we just do it!"
Radishes are the poster child for space germination owing to their quick growing time.
NASA scientists are famed for their out-of-the-box thinking, which is good as no matter how enthusiastic you may be about radish germination, one giddy astronaut’s suburban kitchen does not a NASA laboratory make. Coleman was going to have to improvise. He began work using damp paper towels until some “Moon dust” desert sand arrived in the post. Chopsticks were used to make holes for the seeds and each sample was giving varying amounts of water to establish the smallest amount of this precious commodity needed to get the radishes going. The experiment, which used kitchen counter "electrodes" to measure moisture, is an example of exactly the kind of DIY thinking that earns you a gold star in space.
"The more you can use what's already there, the more efficient you can be because you don't have to carry that much with you," Coleman said. "We're trying to show astronauts can use horticulture to grow their own food on the Moon. We want to do one tiny step in that direction, to show that lunar soil contains stuff which can be extracted from it as nutrients for plants. This includes getting the right chemical elements to allow plants to make chlorophyll and grow cell walls."
The homegrown study into extraterrestrially grown radishes is far from perfect, but Coleman and his team will be able to take early lessons gleaned from his preliminary research back to the lab with them. Each of us has been surviving the boredom in our own way, but it would be pretty cool to say you sussed out lunar farming in between Netflix marathons.
Do you know what world-famous Mathematician Isaac Newton got up to when a deadly pandemic hit?

domain: news


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Diving Palau - Through the Lens of Franco Banfi
Portrait of Franco Banfi a Pro Photographer from Switzerland
I know Franco for many years and admire his great photos. It was no surprise to me to see when starting my job with Fish 'n Fins that Franco had been one of our happy customers. Hence it was very easy to get him to agree to be featured on FNF MAG and display some of his underwater art.
Franco Banfi Biography
Franco was born in Switzerland in 1958 and started diving in 1981. Although in Switzerland there is no sea, there are many lakes and rivers. In one of these lakes, Franco learned how to dive and one year later was immersed in the Maldives shooting his first roll of film.
Although the rivers aren't colorful as many tropical seas, in these waters Franco learned to compose images, looking more at the form, shadow, reflections, and light. After a while, he started to enter photographic competitions where in some years he won more than a hundred prizes all around the world: Europe, Japan, America, and New Zealand.
In 1992 Franco was invited to participate at the World Champion in Cuba where he won first prize World Champion in underwater photography. After this, he started to work with magazines and publications. In 1996 Franco published two books about Papua New Guinea edited from White Star Overcall.
I like almost every kind of picture, from macro to wide-angle, but my favorite shots are wide-angle, underwater landscape with animals and model, light, and colors.
Franco started an underwater photographer career 35 years ago and in 2000 left his job to become a professional photographer, specializing in underwater and wildlife images. Recently he founded a company skilled in running trips for micro-groups of enthusiasts, traveling to enjoy wildlife above and below the surface.
The basic elements that characterize his pictures are curiosity, attention to detail, movements, innovation. When Franco records the changes in life-forms and the interactions with humans it is not to convey the concepts of static conservation of exotic ecosystems but as a becoming, a perpetual mutation of existing biological diversity, the result of an evolution that consistently adds new variants to all ecosystems, a never-ending mutation.
Franco is an ambassador for Canon Italy; he is a member of IEPA.org (International Environment Photographers Association) and of the Wild Wonders of Europe.
As mentioned before Franco is an award-winning photographer (World Champion in underwater photography in Cuba) and he regularly gets top honors at the more prestigious international photo-competitions as Wildlife Photographer of the Year, Travel Photographer of the Year (TPOTY), Nature’s Best, International Photography Awards (IPA), etc.
Franco about his Palau Experience and diving with Fish 'n Fins
Fish & Fins is a great company to work with - skilled experienced friendly and very helpful people. The atmosphere is great and easy-going, which is a must for everybody, from tourists looking to enjoy a great vacation to professional photographers in search for the more elusive animal in crystal clear water. Palau underwater offers something for everybody, from beginners to experienced divers. I especially liked Blue Corner, where I found unbelievable visibility when I took pictures of the sharks, and Chandelier Cave a fairy-tale location, which can transform into a magical place when lighted correctly.

domain: artistic


Choosing the right microphone is crucial when it comes to recording the beautiful and nuanced sound of a violin. With a wide range of microphones available on the market, it can be challenging to know which one is best suited for your specific recording needs. A violin is a delicate instrument, and capturing its unique sound requires a microphone that can accurately reproduce its tonal qualities.
The ideal microphone for violin recording will depend on several factors, including the recording environment, the style of music being recorded, and personal preferences. A well-suited microphone can bring out the violin’s warm and rich tones, while a poorly chosen one can produce a sound that is harsh or lifeless. That’s why it’s essential to consider various factors before purchasing a microphone for violin recording.
In this guide, we will explore the top five microphones for violin recording, including their features and benefits. We’ll also provide a buying guide to help you understand the essential factors to consider when choosing a microphone. Whether you’re a professional musician, sound engineer, or just starting, this guide will provide you with the necessary knowledge to make an informed decision when selecting a microphone for violin recording. So, let’s dive in!
Top 5 Microphones for Violin Recording
Audio-Technica PRO 35
The Audio-Technica PRO 35 is a high-quality microphone designed specifically for use with stringed instruments, including the violin. This microphone boasts some features that make it an excellent choice for recording violin performances.
One of the most impressive features of the PRO 35 is its UniMount clip, which allows for accurate positioning and provides shock resistance while also protecting the element. This is important when recording the delicate sounds of a violin, as any movement or shock can cause unwanted noise or distortion.
The PRO 35 also features a cardioid polar pattern, which reduces the pickup of sounds from the sides and rear, improving the isolation of the desired sound source. This makes it easier to capture the unique sound of the violin without picking up background noise or other unwanted sounds.
Additionally, the PRO 35 has an extended frequency response that captures subtle nuances of the performance. This is especially important when recording a solo violin performance, as every subtle nuance and detail can make a difference in the final recording.
The PRO 35 comes with a 6′ (1.8 m) cable permanently attached to the microphone, which is long enough for most recording setups.
The Audio-Technica PRO 35 is a versatile and reliable microphone that offers excellent sound quality for violin recording. With its UniMount clip, cardioid polar pattern, extended frequency response, and attached cable; it’s a great option for anyone looking to capture the subtle nuances of violin performance.
The Feather Violin Pickup
The Feather Violin Pickup by Myers Pickups is a lightweight and compact option for violinists looking to amplify their sound. It can be positioned on a multitude of instruments without modification or permanent installation, making it a versatile option for those who play multiple instruments.
This pickup is fully equipped with an internally powered, active preamp to produce the richest sound your instrument can deliver. The power source is included and pre-installed, and each pickup is meticulously tested before delivery. No phantom power is needed, and it is compatible with most wireless systems.
The Feather Violin Pickup is completely out of the box and easy to use. Simply plug in and play to instantly turn your instrument into an acoustic/electric instrument with volume control. All mounting hardware is included, making it a convenient option for musicians on the go.
One of the best things about this pickup is that it’s compatible with almost any musical instrument, so if you play more than just the violin, you can use it with other instruments as well. Plus, it’s made in the USA, ensuring high-quality construction and reliable performance.
The Feather Violin Pickup is a lightweight and versatile option for those looking to amplify their violin’s sound. With its compact size, easy-to-use design, and compatibility with almost any musical instrument, it’s a great option for musicians on the go. The internal preamp produces a rich sound, and the included power source makes it easy to use with most wireless systems
AKG Pro Audio C414 XLS
The AKG Pro Audio C414 XLS is a microphone that’s designed for high-quality, detailed recordings of vocals and acoustic instruments, including violins. It’s engineered for the highest linearity and neutral sound, ensuring that the sound you capture is as accurate and faithful to the original as possible.
One of the key features of the C414 XLS is its nine selectable polar patterns, which allow you to choose the perfect setting for every application. This is especially useful when recording in different environments with varying levels of ambient noise and acoustics.
The microphone also has three attenuation levels (-6/-12/-18dB), which makes it ideal for recording close-up or high-output sources of up to 158dB SPL. Additionally, it comes with three different switchable bass-cut filters to reduce wind noise, subsonic noise, or proximity effect.
The AKG Pro Audio C414 XLS also includes an overload warning with an audio peak hold LED to detect the shortest audio peaks, helping to ensure that you capture the best possible sound quality.
The AKG Pro Audio C414 XLS is a top-of-the-line microphone that’s ideal for recording high-quality, detailed sound. Its nine selectable polar patterns, three attenuation levels, and switchable bass-cut filters make it a versatile option for recording in a variety of different environments. The overload warning and audio peak hold LED add an extra layer of precision to your recordings.
Neumann TLM 103
The Neumann TLM 103 is a large-diaphragm cardioid microphone with a pressure gradient transducer and a one-diaphragm capsule. It features a transformerless circuit, which helps to keep noise levels extremely low at just 7 dB-A. The TLM 103 comes with a swivel mount, making it straightforward to handle for both home recording and professional studio use.
One of the key benefits of the Neumann TLM 103 is its reputation for high-quality audio. Neumann is a standard name in high-end recording studios around the world, and their microphones are known for delivering a professional touch that’s needed to capture the best possible sound quality.
The TLM 103 is becoming a standard for home recording and the music industry. It’s available in both satin nickel and matte black finishes and comes with a wooden jeweler’s box for safekeeping.
The Neumann TLM 103 is a top-of-the-line microphone that delivers the professional touch needed to capture high-quality audio. Its reputation for delivering excellent sound quality and its transformer-less circuit keep noise levels extremely low making it an excellent option for both home recording and professional studio use. While it doesn’t come with a shock mount, the TLM 103 includes a swivel mount and a wooden jeweler’s box for added convenience. If you’re looking for a high-quality microphone that will help you capture the best possible sound, the Neumann TLM 103 is an excellent option to consider.
The Beyerdynamic M160 is a unique double ribbon microphone with a hypercardioid polar pattern. It features an extended frequency response, excellent transparency, and transient response, which makes it an excellent option for recording violins and other acoustic instruments. Its compact and rugged design makes it easy to handle and use, and its warm and natural sound is sure to impress.
The M160’s hypercardioid polar pattern ensures that it captures the sound of the violin while minimizing unwanted noise from the surroundings. Its frequency response of 40 – 18,000 Hz captures both the high and low-end frequencies of the violin, resulting in a warm and natural sound that’s ideal for recording.
The Beyerdynamic M160 is a top-of-the-line microphone that delivers excellent sound quality and is built to last. Its unique design and hypercardioid polar pattern make it an excellent option for recording violins and other acoustic instruments. While it may be more expensive than some other options on the market, its excellent transparency, transient response, and natural sound make it worth the investment.
The Beyerdynamic M160 is a top-of-the-line microphone that delivers excellent sound quality and is built to last. Its unique design and hypercardioid polar pattern make it an excellent option for recording violins and other acoustic instruments. While it may be more expensive than some other options on the market, its excellent transparency, transient response, and natural sound make it worth the investment for serious musicians and recording engineers looking to capture the best possible sound.
Buying Guide (Things to Consider)
When it comes to choosing the best microphone for violin recording, there are several factors to consider. One of the most important is the frequency range of the microphone. It’s crucial to choose a microphone that can capture the full range of the violin’s sound, from the low notes of the strings to the high-pitched harmonics.
Another factor to consider is the sound pattern of the microphone. There are different polar patterns available, including cardioid, hypercardioid, and omnidirectional. The choice of the pattern will depend on the recording environment and the desired sound. For example, a cardioid pattern can help reduce background noise and focus on the sound of the violin.
Recording Venue Acoustics
The acoustics of the recording venue can also have a significant impact on the choice of microphone. A room with a lot of echo or reverberation may require a microphone with a directional polar pattern to minimize unwanted noise. Alternatively, a room with little echo or absorption may require a microphone with a broader polar pattern to capture more of the sound.
Sensitivity is another important consideration when choosing a microphone for violin recording. Violins produce soft and delicate sounds, so a sensitive microphone is necessary to capture all the nuances of the performance.
Mounting options for microphones can also affect the recording. Some microphones can be attached directly to the instrument, while others require stands or mounts. The choice will depend on personal preference, the recording environment, and the desired sound.
Finally, budget is an essential consideration. While high-end microphones can produce excellent sound quality, they can also be very expensive. It’s important to balance the cost of the microphone with its quality and intended use. For a home recording setup, a mid-range microphone may be sufficient, while a professional recording studio may require a higher-end model.
Choosing the right microphone for violin recording requires careful consideration of various factors. By selecting the right microphone, you can ensure that your recordings capture the full beauty and subtlety of the violin’s sound. The 5 microphones above are just a few examples of the many options available on the market.


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The debut EP by Bay Area-based rapper/producer Kero One collects three mixes each of two tracks, "Check the Blueprints" and "The Cycle Repeats." Kero One's roots are in the acid jazz movement of the early '90s, and neither of these songs would be out of place on an album by Guru or Us3. Kero One chose an interesting way to remix these songs: in both cases, the LP versions of the songs feature prominent turntable work and brass-heavy samples underneath his fluid, positive rhymes, while the remixes are considerably more mellow, with the "Check the Blueprints" remix based on mellow, groovy piano and "The Cycle Repeats" featuring Herbie Mann-style flutes. Unfortunately, the last two tracks are redundant "LP instrumental versions": basically just the first two tracks with the vocals wiped. Unfortunately, these tracks reveal that while the tunes are built on cool sounds, they're not intrinsically that interesting when Kero One's smooth, conversational lyrics are missing.
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AllMusic Review by Stewart Mason


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Milk prices have seen a significant uptick in the last six months and will continue to increase due to a shortage heading into the peak demand season, a report by Emkay Global Financial Services said.
“Milk and milk products have seen an average YoY inflation of 6.5 per cent over the last 12 months, while this increases to 8.1 per cent if we look at just the last five months. Monthly momentum has been at 0.8 per cent over the last year, more than double the pre-pandemic five-year average of 0.3 per cent, while its contribution to overall headline inflation has ticked up to 6 per cent post-pandemic,” the report said.
The ongoing spike in milk prices has several factors, linked to rising input costs, the disruption caused due to the pandemic, and international prices.
One of the biggest factors has been the sharp rise in fodder and animal feed costs, according to the report.
Fodder prices have been rising at double-digit rates since February 2022, and in fact the YoY price change has not dropped below 20 per cent since May. Animal feed prices have reduced somewhat over the last three months, but have averaged over 6 per cent for the last year
The most significant factor has been the drop in production and yield post-Covid. As demand from restaurants, hotels, sweetshops, weddings etc crashed during the pandemic, prices collapsed, which led to dairies cutting their procurement of milk from farmers.
Prices of skim milk powder (SMP), butter and ghee also fell.
Farmers had to reduce the size of their herds to control costs, while they also began to underfeed them, especially the calves and pregnant cattle that were not giving milk at the time, the report said.
A newborn calf typically reaches puberty in 15-18 months. Adding 9-10 months of pregnancy, it will start producing milk in 24-28 months after birth, while this is higher for buffaloes (36-48 months)
“Thus, the underfed and undernourished calves from the Covid period are the milk-producing cows of today. Milk yields have dropped, and dairies have been reporting lower milk procurement throughout the year. It must also be noted that Indian cattle have generally been low-yielding, at 1/10th of the global average,” the report said.
Additionally, India’s exports of dairy products have also increased substantially over the last three years, adding to the domestic shortage.
Dairy exports doubled from FY21 to FY22, largely due to soaring international prices, and are on pace to increase further in FY23.
The ‘flush’ season, from September onwards, is when animals generally produce more milk, with better fodder availability and lower temperatures. This peaks in winter and continues till March-April. Dairies also use the excess milk produced in this time to produce SMP and fat, which are then used during the summer months for reconstitution as demand for curd, ice-cream etc surges
“Therefore, the current scenario could continue into the summer months as there is a shortage of milk, especially fat, at a time when dairies would be building up stock. This view is echoed by leading industry figures, with the MD of Mother Dairy recently stating that milk prices will stay elevated till Diwali,” the report added.


text: A classic comedy prop with holiday colors!! Something so simple as a bag should have ONE color, one design on its outside, and ONE color, one design, on its inside right? Wrong! The Zipper Gag Bag simply doesn't know where to stop! Keep 'em guessing till they're dizzy. Instructions included.


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Location: Silvertown Underpass, Royal Dockland, London
Type: Studio Units
Stage: Competition Concept
The site comprised of a unique and individual space beneath an underpass on a busy motorway; an unattractive and complex site. The studio is passionate about the potential of unused infill sites, and working within the unique limitation and characteristics that these spaces come with.
For the LFA Silvertown Flyover Contest, we thoughtfully designed multi-functional studio spaces; combining both creative spaces and a vibrant communal area within the energetic landscape.


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Distinct variation in vector competence among nine field populations of Aedes aegypti from a Brazilian dengue-endemic risk city
Parasites & Vectors volume 7, Article number: 320 (2014)
In Brazil, dengue epidemics erupt sporadically throughout the country and it is unclear if outbreaks may initiate a sustainable transmission cycle. There are few studies evaluating the ability of Brazilian Aedes aegypti populations to transmit dengue virus (DENV). The aim of this study was to compare DENV susceptibility of field-captured Ae. aegypti populations from nine distinct geographic areas of the city of Belo Horizonte in 2009 and 2011. Infection Rate (IR), Vector Competence (VC) and Disseminated Infection Rate (DIR) were determined.
Aedes aegypti eggs from each region were collected and reared separately in an insectary. Adult females were experimentally infected with DENV-2 and the virus was detected by qPCR in body and head samples. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.
IR varied from 40.0% to 82.5% in 2009 and 60.0% to 100.0% in 2011. VC ranged from 25.0% to 77.5% in 2009 and 25.0% to 80.0% in 2011. DIR oscillated from 68.7% to 100.0% in 2009 and 38.4% to 86.8 in 2011. When the results were evaluated by a logistic model using IR as covariate, North, Barreiro, South-Central and Venda Nova showed the strongest association in 2009. In 2011, a similar association was observed for South-Central, Venda Nova, West and Northeast regions. Using VC as covariate, South-Central and Venda Nova showed the most relevant association in 2009. In 2011, South-Central, Venda Nova and Barreiro presented the greatest revelation associations. When DIR data were analyzed by logistic regression models, Pampulha, South-Central, Venda Nova, West, Northeast and East (2009) as well as South-Central, Venda Nova and West (2011) were the districts showing the strongest associations.
We conclude that Ae. aegypti populations from Belo Horizonte exhibit wide variation in vector competence to transmit dengue. Therefore, vector control strategies should be adapted to the available data for each region. Further analysis should be conducted to better understand the reasons for this large variability in vector competence and how these parameters correlate with epidemiological findings in subsequent years.
Dengue is a tropical disease and the most important mosquito-vectored viral infection of humans. There are approximately 50 million people infected with dengue each year and about 500,000 of these individuals are hospitalized with dengue hemorrhagic fever, mainly in the tropical and sub-tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the Americas. Remarkably, despite efforts aimed at control, the annual average number of dengue cases reported to The World Health Organization (WHO) has increased dramatically in recent years. Moreover, a geographic expansion of active dengue transmission has been observed over this same time period [1, 2]. In 2013, countries in the Americas reported more than 2.3 million cases of dengue, with 37,692 cases of severe dengue and 1,280 deaths, resulting in a mortality rate of about 0.05%. Brazil has reported the majority of the dengue cases during the last two decades .
Dengue virus (DENV) is a positive-strand RNA virus (Flavivirus; Flaviviridae). The DENV complex consists of four closely related but antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV-1, −2, −3 and −4). They are transmitted by several mosquito species of the genus Aedes (Stegomyia). For all DENV serotypes Ae. aegypti is the primary vector. The co-circulation of the 4 serotypes increases the risk of severe forms of dengue. Six years ago, DENV-4 was detected in Manaus, the capital city of the state of Amazonas infecting patients with an acute febrile illness . All four DENV serotypes are currently circulating or co-circulating in different areas of Brazil including Belo Horizonte, the city where this study was conducted. In recent years, dengue outbreaks have led to many atypical cases, including myocarditis, hepatitis, meningoencephalitis and acute kidney failure, and fatality rates have also increased .
The mosquito Ae. aegypti is distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of the globe and is now endemic in many countries. In the Americas, Ae. aegypti is predominantly found in urban and semi-urban areas of 35 nations and 9 territories , although, in recent years, its presence has also been reported in rural areas [5, 6]. Most Brazilian states are infested with Ae. aegypti and consequently at risk of dengue transmission . Due to the importance of Ae. aegypti as a vector of dengue and yellow fever virus, this mosquito species has been the subject of numerous studies focusing on population genetics and vector competence .
Aedes aegypti becomes infected when the mosquito bites and acquires an infected blood meal from a DENV-infected human, the primary host of the virus. The mosquito infection depends on factors such as DENV virulence, physical barriers and innate immunity that can confer resistance or susceptibility of an Ae. aegypti population. Effectively, this intrinsic permissiveness of a vector to an infection, for example, replication and transmission of the virus to a new human host, is related to a number of anatomical barriers. The vector susceptibility will depend on completion of the DENV life cycle by crossing physical barriers, which include target organs such as the midgut, hemocoel and salivary gland [8–10]. Infectious mosquito bites after this extrinsic incubation period (EIP) can result in an infection for humans [11, 12].
The transmission of DENV by Ae. aegypti in any geographic area depends on many factors, several of which are well defined. These include extrinsic features related to the environment and intrinsic factors associated with the virus/vector interaction including: (a) the proportion of individual mosquitoes that can be infected in a population considering presence of the virus in the insect body, which is defined as infection rate (IR); (b) the proportion of mosquitoes in which DENV can complete its life cycle (i.e., practically, virus present in the head reaching the salivary glands), which is defined as vector competence (VC) ; and (c) the vector’s ability to transmit DENV which is more precisely related to the disseminated infection rate (DIR), which is the proportion of DENV-infected mosquito heads (VC) in an infected population with virus dispersed in the body (IR).
Overall, the epidemiological pattern of dengue disease in tropical countries is a complex phenomenon. In Brazil, dengue epidemics are still diffusing throughout the country and outbreaks may or may not initiate a permanent and sustainable transmission cycle. Despite the importance of dengue as a disease that impacts millions of people, there are only a few studies evaluating the ability of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to transmit the virus. A better understanding of the relationship between DENV and mosquito vector is critical to the development of new and effective methodologies targeting the vector for control.
The goal of this work was to compare DENV susceptibility of field-captured Ae aegypti populations in the city of Belo Horizonte in two years, 2009 and 2011. The city has approximately 2.3 million inhabitants and has recorded thousands of endemic cases of dengue during the last two decades, with more than 80,000 cases reported in 2013. This study focused on intrinsic factors that affect the ability of the vector to transmit DENV by comparing the IR, VC and DIR of Ae. aegypti populations from nine distinct geographic areas of the city. The data presented here should be taken into account in future studies aimed at understanding dengue transmission dynamics in a large urban setting and in the development of effective strategies for vector control.
The research was performed in the city of Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais, located at latitude 19°49′01″, longitude 43°57′21″ and an altitude of 858 m above sea level. The city occupies an area of 332 km2, with a population of 2,375,151 inhabitants and population density of 7,167 inhabitants/km2 according to the census carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 2010 . The city has a tropical climate with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 23°C and annual average of 21°C. The relative humidity remains near 65% and the average annual rainfall is approximately 1,500 mm, being more frequent from October to March . The city is divided into nine administrative regions: Pampulha, Barreiros, South-Central, Venda Nova, West, North, Northwest, East and Northeast. In the present study we collected mosquitoes from all nine regions.
Aedes aegypti eggs were collected in 2009 and 2011. The collections were conducted in all districts of Belo Horizonte city. Eggs were collected with ovitraps in collaboration with the field-agents of the city’s Secretary of Health, which is responsible for detecting, monitoring and controlling mosquito populations. Larvae from field-collected eggs were hatched in aninsectary at a temperature of 28°C and relative humidity of 80%. The adults from each region were reared in separate cages and infection experiments were performed with 3–5 day old female mosquitoes.
The dengue virus serotype 2 used in all assays was a Brazilian strain isolated from a hemorrhagic fever patient in 1991, provided by the Molecular Microbiology and Virology Laboratory of the Ezequiel Dias Foundation located in Belo Horizonte. Prior to the experiments, frozen virus samples were amplified in cultures of C6/36 cells with Leibowitz-15 medium and supplements (20 μg/mL Gentamicin, 5 μg/mL Amphotericin B, 200U/mL Penicillin plus 2% inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum). Virus titration followed the TCID50 method . The mean viral titer used in the infection experiments was 5 × 105 TCID50/mL.
Two hundred Ae. aegypti G0 females from each of the nine districts were infected via a glass feeding device containing blood and DENV-2. Briefly, the feeders were covered with a skin of young Gallus domesticus. A mixture comprising 2/3 of blood mouse (Mus musculus) and 1/3 of C6/36 cell suspension infected with DENV-2 was added to the feeders and offered to the mosquitoes as described elsewhere . One hour after feeding, only fully engorged females were separated in cages and maintained with 10% glucose solution ad libitum until the 14th day after experimental infection, the time necessary for completion of the EIP.
Dissection and DENV-RNA extraction
A total of 40 infected females were randomly removed from each of the nine experimentally infected groups. They were carefully dissected under a stereoscope and their bodies and heads (always with attached salivary glands) placed in separate vials. Viral RNA was extracted from the two samples of each mosquito using the QIAamp viral RNA mini kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Detection of DENV by real-time (qPCR)
DENV-2 detection in the body and head of Ae. Aegypti was facilitated using qpcr. The reaction was performed in an ABI Prism 7500 Fast Real Time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems) using the Power SYBR® Green RNA-to-Ct 1-step detection system (Applied Biosystems). The 3′Non-coding region primers, B1-forward (5′-AGGACYAGAGGTTAGAGGAGA-3′) and B2- reverse (5′-CGYTCTGTGCCTGGAWTGAT-3′) were used . All analyses were performed in duplicate with standardized samples (to provide standard curves), positive control and negative control. The results were obtained using a standard curve and analyzing the melting curve for the specificity of the amplified products (~78.6°C) and to approximately CT 35, as outlined in The Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) .
Evaluation of infection rate, vector competence and disseminated infection rate
The Infection Rate (IR) was calculated as the proportion (percentage) of all experimentally infected mosquitoes (n = 40) in which DENV was detected (whole body). In contrast, the Vector Competence (VC) was calculated as the proportion of all experimentally infected mosquitoes (n = 40) for which DENV was detected in the head/salivary glands. The analysis of vector competence was performed according to Bennett et al. (2002) . Conceptually, the Disseminated Infection Rate (DIR) is the proportion of DENV-infected mosquito heads (VC) of all infected mosquitoes with virus (IR) in the body (DIR = VC/IR) .
Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences of IR, VC and DIR among the vector populations were evaluated using the two-tailed chi-square or Fisher’s tests. Comparison of these parameters among the two years of study was performed using the two-tailed Students t test (the Kolmogorov–Smirnov goodness-of-fit was used to assess the normality of the data). P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. The association of each district covariate t with IR, VC and DIR (dependent variables) was tested by univariate analysis. All the variables with a P-value of 0.25 or less were included in the full logistic regression model. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as an estimate of the risk. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate the fit of the models .
Prior to the experimental DENV-infections, sub-samples of eggs from all Ae. aegypti populations were screened by qRT-PCR to confirm they were negative for natural dengue virus infection. This scrutiny of possible natural infection of the mosquitoes was necessary since this study was developed with adult female mosquitoes derived from field-collected eggs from endemic areas.
Characterization of the IR, VC and DIR of the belo horizonte city
Analysis across all nine districts of Belo Horizonte from the two collections, revealed dissimilarities in the characteristics related to experimental DENV-infection of the Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The infection rates (IR) varied from 40.0% to 82.5% (60.6 ± 8.4) in 2009 and 60.0% to 100.0% (mean = 78.1 ± 6.1) in 2011. The vector competence (VC), infection of mosquito heads and salivary glands, ranged from 25.0% to 77.5% (mean = 54.7 ± 7.6) in 2009 and 25.0% to 80.0% (mean = 50.8 ± 8.2) in 2011. The disseminated infection rates (DIR) oscillated from 68.7% to 100.0% (mean = 91.1 ± 3.3) in 2009 and 38.4% to 86.8 (62.4 ± 6.1) in 2011. Despite these differences between the two collection years, the differences were only statistically significant for the DIR (p = 0.008) (Figure 1).
Infection rates (proportion of DENV detected in the body related to the total number of blood-fed mosquitoes)
In 2009, the highest IR (82.5%) was detected for Ae. aegypti populations from four regional districts (North, Barreiro, South-Central and Venda Nova). The lowest IR in 2009 (25.0%) was found in Pampulha. Comparative statistical analyses revealed that the IRs were significantly higher (p ≤ 103) in North, Barreiro, South-Central, Venda Nova and West than in those observed in Pampulha, Northeast, East and Northwest districts. In 2011, the highest IRs were considerably higher with an IR of 100% calculated for Venda Nova, 97.5% for South-Central, and 95.0% calculated for both the West and Northeast districts. The North and Barreiro districts had similar IRs (65.0%), and the lowest IR (55.0%) was calculated for Northwest. Comparative evaluation of the IR data showed that they were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.003) in South-Central, Venda Nova, West and Northeast districts compared to the North, Barreiro, Pampulha, East and Northwest districts. No other significant differences were observed (Table 1).
Vector competence (proportion of DENV in the head/salivary glands of total of blood-fed mosquitoes)
For the 2009 Ae. aegypti populations, the highest VC was calculated for the South-Central district (77.5%) and the lowest for Pampulha district (25.0%). Comparatively, the analysis of all regional districts illustrated significantly higher VC rates (p ≤ 10−3) in North, Barreiro, South-Central, Venda Nova and West districts than in Pampulha, Northwest, East and Northwest districts (Table 1). In 2011, the highest VC rates were higher than those determined for 2009. In 2011 the highest VC was calculated for the mosquito population from the West district (82.5%). The next highest rate was reported for populations from the South-Central and Venda Nova districts (80.0%), and the lowest VC rate was from mosquitoes from the Barreiro district (25.0%). Comparatively, there were significantly higher VC (p ≤ 10−3) in South-Central, Venda Nova and West than in those observed in North, Barreiro, Pampulha, East and Northwest. Moreover, the VC rate in the Northeast region was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.009) than in Pampulha, Barreiro, East and Northwest. No other significant differences were observed (Table 1).
Disseminated infection rate (proportion of DENV in the head/salivary glands related to the total number of mosquitoes with DENV in the body)
In 2009, the DIR was very similar among the regional districts, varying from 84.7% to 100%, except for the Northwest region for which a significantly lower DIR was calculated (68.7%) (p = 0.003). The mosquito populations of North, Pampulha, South-Central, Venda Nova, West, Northwest and East presented DIRs significantly higher than Barreiro and Northwest districts (p ≤ 0.009). However, this profile was not observed in 2011 when the DIR varied from 38.4% (Barreiro) to 86.8% (West). The mosquitoes of North, Pampulha, South-Central, Venda Nova, West, and Northeast presented DIRs significantly higher than Barreiro and East districts (p ≤ 0.009) (Table 1). Figure 2 summarizes the IRs, VCs and DIRs found in all regional districts of Belo Horizonte showing plots directly superposed over the city map.
Statistical analysis of the IR, VC and DIR of the Ae. aegypti populations
Results were evaluated in a logistic model having the IR as covariate. In 2009, North, Barreiro, South-Central and Venda Nova presented the strongest associations. In 2011, the same was observed for South-Central, Venda Nova, West and Northeast regions. However, considering VC as covariate, the results demonstrated the most relevant association for South-Central and Venda Nova districts in 2009. In 2011, South-Central, Venda Nova and Barreiro regions were the ones showing the strongest associations. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good fit of all models. Analysis of DIR data using logistic regression models indicated that Pampulha, South-Central, Venda Nova, West, Northeast and East (2009) as well as South-Central, Venda Nova and West (2011) were the districts with the strongest associations. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed good fit of all models.
Understanding the relationship between DENV and its vector, Ae. aegypti, is critical for epidemiological reasons. Government health authorities fight against the vector as the only available tool for the control of dengue disease. There are no drugs or vaccines available to cure or prevent dengue in humans at this time. The presence and the density of vectors determine the intensity of the necessary vector control actions. However, an important fact must be considered: the mosquito populations vary in their permissiveness for flavivirus development [7, 21, 22]. This phenomenon is known as vector competence, which is related to the barriers encountered by the virus from its entry in the mosquito to its release in the saliva during blood feeding . With this knowledge, control efforts can target mosquito populations with greater competence to transmit dengue and present higher risk for specific regional areas.
Our results, in general, illustrate that although infection rates in some Ae. aegypti populations were high, a significant proportion of individuals did not develop DENV infection of the heads/salivary glands by the end of the EIP. Consequently, mosquitoes with DENV in the thorax and abdomen, but not in the heads/salivary glands, were not competent vectors and would not be able to transmit viruses by bite to new vertebrate hosts such as humans. To complicate matters, this trait varied regionally among Ae. aegypti populations as well as between the two collection years in Belo Horizonte.
In 2011, whole body infections of mosquitoes from most regions were higher than in 2009, except for the North and Barreiro regions. However, this observation was not reflected in higher head/salivary gland infection rates or vector competences across the same regions in 2011 as compared to 2009. It would appear that most mosquito populations from 2011 were capable of acquiring the virus more efficiently than 2009 populations, but that their intrinsic barriers were more capable of blocking virus migration to the head/salivary glands. It was noticed that South-Central, Venda Nova and West regions consistently presented the highest infection rates in the body and head for both collection periods.
In 2009, most regions, except the Northwest, presented very high-disseminated infection rates, most above 80%. It seems that, once the mosquitoes from these regions acquired whole body infections, virus was capable of reaching the heads/salivary glands at high rates, likely making these populations effective vectors for the DENV. However, the same phenomena were not observed in 2011 when only the South-Central, Venda Nova and West regions showed similarly high dissemination rates. This might indicate that 2011 Ae. aegypti populations expressed more effective intrinsic barriers to virus migration from the body to the head/salivary gland. The findings also illustrate that biological phenotypes of mosquito populations, which are related to the mosquito-virus interaction, can vary significantly from region to region and year to year. This diversity may be explained by population fluctuations and gene flow among vector populations. It should be emphasized that the disseminated infection rates were very high, specifically in 2009, independent of the region from which the study population was acquired.
It is important to consider that besides DENV transmission to the human host by the vector (horizontal transmission), DENV is also maintained in the vector population vertically (transovarial transmission) [23–26]. Considering the higher IR but lower DIR in Belo Horizonte in 2011, it appears that the potential of transovarial transmission to maintain DENV in the mosquito populations was greater in Ae. aegypti captured in 2011 than 2009. In contrast, the mosquito population sampled in 2009 appeared to have a greater likelihood to transmit dengue by bite to humans than to offspring. Comparison of the number of dengue cases in these two years: 23, 332 cases in 2009 and only 8,529 cases in 2011 may support this hypothesis . Moreover, based on data from the last two decades, the endemicity of dengue in Belo Horizonte shows that the number of cases peaks over a 3 year period, followed by a decrease for variable periods illustrating the nature of the epidemic and inter-epidemic cycles . It is possible that in this region, non-permanence of dengue in humans is related to transovarial transmission of DENV within the Ae. aegypti population, thus the vector acts as the inter-epidemic viral reservoir. Recently, Chaves and collaborators  demonstrated that DENV virus could be passed by transovarial transmission through at least six generations of a population of Ae. aegypti originating from Belo Horizonte. An alternative hypothesis for DENV not being identified in the salivary glands is because it could not leave the midgut due to the mosquito midgut barrier, a major determinant of vector competence . Further studies are necessary to better understand the role of transovarial transmission and maintenance of DENV in non-human/host cycles during inter-epidemic years.
Other studies have also shown that Ae. aegypti has a continuous variation in its competence to transmit flavivirus [7, 19, 21, 22]. The first study that evaluated the vector competence of Ae. aegypti populations to DENV was performed by Bennett et al. . In this study, the authors analyzed the variation in vector competence of 24 Ae. aegypti populations from Mexico and the United States for DENV-2 and demonstrated that these populations show significant variation in their ability to transmit DENV. Similar results were observed in this study, except over a much smaller area. We observed considerable variation in vector competence within and between populations analyzed from short spatial and temporal collections.
Changes in Ae. aegypti susceptibility to transmit dengue as assessed in the nine populations, during the two collection periods, could be related to movement of the insect population and/or possible mating between the individuals from different regions. These findings illustrate the need for population genetic studies to determine the genetic relatedness of these populations, and to investigate the genetic polymorphisms that may be associated with vector competence. We report significant results from this study. However, further studies need to be conducted to better understand the variability in vector competence. For example, the correlation of IR, VC and DIR data with the epidemiology of dengue could result in findings that lead to more effective control measures. We conclude, therefore, that Ae. aegypti populations of Belo Horizonte exhibit a wide variation in vector competence to transmit dengue viruses. These data enhance the importance of developing vector control measures in accordance with the vector competence found in each region.
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This study was partially funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPPGH5332) (DEN and PFPP) and by the following Brazilian agencies: Foundation of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz. (FIOCRUZ) (PFPP and NFCS), Strategic Programme for Supporting Health. Research (PAPES V) (PFPP), Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological. Development (CNPq) (PFPP and NFCS), Thematic Programme of Support to Centers of Excellence (PRONEX Dengue Network) (PFPP and NFCS) and Minas Gerais State. Research Support Foundation (FAPEMIG) (PFPP and NFCS).
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
PFPP, BMS, NFCS, JEMP, DEN and JRA conceived and designed the experiments; CMG, JMTB and BAC: field collection and laboratory procedures; FFM, JEMP, BMS and LDS: statistical data analysis; CMG, FFM, BMS, LDS, JEMP, JAR, NFCS, DEN and PFPP data interpretation and manuscript preparation. This manuscript is a part of the PhD thesis developed by CMG and supervised by PFPP and NFCS. PFPP and NFCS are productivity fellows of the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). All authors read and approved the final version of this article.
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Cite this article
Gonçalves, C.M., Melo, F.F., Bezerra, J.M. et al. Distinct variation in vector competence among nine field populations of Aedes aegypti from a Brazilian dengue-endemic risk city. Parasites Vectors 7, 320 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-320
- Dengue virus (DENV)
- Aedes aegypti
- Field population
- Infection rate
- Vector competence
- Disseminated infection rate

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Safe sensorless standstill monitoring
Standstill monitor - SAFEMASTER S
The safe sensorless standstill monitors of the SAFEMASTER S series detect the standstill of 3-phase and 1-phase motors independent of the direction of rotation. Otherwise required sensors, such as encoders or proximity switches, are not required. Access to the hazardous area of a system is only granted by the enable signal of the standstill monitor after the drive has been switched off and coasting. To detect a standstill, the remanence voltage induced by the motor windings is evaluated and thus offers safe standstill monitoring up to Cat. 4 / PL e or SIL 3, even if the motor has already been switched off.
Safe detection of standstill, e.g. for:
- Safety circuits according to IEC / EN 60204 in plants with dangerous machine parts or tools, e.g. for the release of protective devices
- Avoidance of machine damage when unexpected running in the process can lead to collisions
- Motor controls with reversal of direction of rotation
Safe sensorless frequency monitoring
Frequency monitor - SAFEMASTER S
The speed and frequency monitors monitor frequency-controlled drives without sensors and safely up to 690 V. Sensorless frequency monitoring eliminates the need to install additional proximity switches or initiators. The frequency monitor thus creates new possibilities for design, planning and retrofitting, even for larger machines and systems, e.g. in woodworking or machine tools.
The frequency monitors are used for safety-related detection or monitoring of overfrequency, underfrequency or for monitoring a set frequency window. In case of deviations or violation of the set window range, the frequency monitor switches off safely and shows its strengths compared to frequency inverters with integrated safety functions when simplicity, flexibility and safety are required in equal measure.
Standstill and speed monitors Safety functions according to DIN EN 61800-5-2
According to the new Machinery Directive, the operating state of a drive must be safely monitored and maintained when it is stopped. Typical applications include the release of safety gate interlocks after the standstill of the hazardous movement has been detected, as well as working with open guards and reduced speed during machine setup operation. With its extensive product range of sensorless standstill monitors, Dold already offers a convenient solution for safe standstill monitoring (UG 6946).
With appropriate wiring, the safety functions STO (safe torque off), SOS (safe operating stop), SLS (safely-limited speed), SSM (safe speed monitoring) and SSR (safe speed range) can be implemented. SAFEMASTER S series standstill and speed monitors offer maximum safety up to Cat. 4 / PL e or SIL 3.


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There is no such thing as a vegan, or at least there shouldn’t be.
There is nothing distinctively inaccessible about vegan food. Everyone is able to eat vegan food, so shouldn’t it be more approachable than a hamburger or a glass of milk?
The labeling of products as vegan is functional because it saves time spent scanning ingredient labels. A product with a vegan label is declaring the lack of animal products in its constitution so that a consumer does not need to sort through each ingredient.
But now we have people labeling themselves as “vegans.” With the existence of vegan people, vegan food has an assumed destination so that it functionally transcends its ingredients (or lack thereof) to become an entirely new category of sustenance. It’s sustenance that’s become unreachable to the majority of people.
Vegan exclusivity has created aversion in the meat- and dairy-eating population toward vegan food. This is kind of ridiculous, considering vegan food is theoretically the most all-inclusive, and it’s seriously delicious.
In an effort to prove this, Students for Environmental Action’s Food Policy group will be giving away free vegan food on the following dates (locations TBA):
Come by, enjoy our food, and help break down useless stereotypes.

domain: food


The borough of Ville-Marie unveils images of the future Place du Village, a public space located at the corner of Sainte-Catherine Est and Wolfe. Starting this spring, the neighborhood will enjoy a functional, green space with a clean, sober design: a perfect canvas to evolve according to the needs of the community, and capable of hosting events of all kinds during the summer season, day and night.With this revamped public square, Ville-Marie is reaffirming the need to create places for gathering and expression, culture and human encounters, thus combining the appropriation and animation of public space with social cohabitation.
"This project is the concrete expression of a shared desire to intervene in the development of public spaces in order to improve the experience of visitors and residents of the Village, as identified in our Collective Intervention Strategy for the Village. It is also part of a series of projects and interventions soon to be unveiled to promote the enhancement of this emblematic Montreal district," commented Robert Beaudry, city councillor for the Saint-Jacques district in the Ville-Marie borough.
A multi-purpose public square, integrated into its environment
Destined to become a permanent public square, this transitional development project proposes a concept distinguished by its simplicity and conviviality. It will fit in perfectly with the pedestrianization of rue Sainte-Catherine Est this summer, creating a natural extension between the artery and the square. The chosen design will also recreate the link between rue Sainte-Catherine Est and rue Atateken, which has been blocked for several years.
To enhance the user experience, colorful bistro tables and chairs will fill the space. The square will also host a container set up as a reception area, offering food and drink. Finally, a diversified cultural program will enliven the square all summer long.
"The redevelopment of Place du Village, the true heart of the neighborhood, is an important step in the revitalization of the Village. The SDC du Village is delighted to see this initiative take shape, and we are convinced that this revitalized public space will strengthen the sense of belonging, promote exchanges within our community and be the scene of a multitude of activities and gatherings for merchants, residents and visitors to the Village," added Gabrielle Rondy, General Manager of the Société de développement commercial (SDC) du Village - Village Montréal.
Ongoing public consultations on the future of the area
A genuine open-air forum for consultation and discussion will be organized here. The entire community will be invited to express its views on the various scenarios envisaged for the redevelopment of the area. Place du Village will thus be the ideal gathering place to pool everyone's ideas.
For further information (page in french): montreal.ca/actualites/la-place-du-village-se-transforme-cet-ete-66313


text:
Release Date: 01/01/2018
Skill Rating: 10+ year-olds
Components: Board, Cards, Figures, Placeables and Tokens
Disney Villainous is a strategy game where you are a Disney villain striving to become the evillest villain in the land. You move around the board to locations from your character's film, playing cards and taking evil actions. It's a strategic game...

domain: entertainment


Emirates decides to tackle the problem of air transport pollution
Dubai-based Emirates said on Monday (January 30) that it wants to reach the 50% sustainable fuel target for its flights by 2030, as the rich Gulf emirate hosts a controversial COP28 this year.
The Emirati airline launched on Monday, January 30 a first demonstration flight with a Boeing 777-300ER without passengers, with 100% sustainable fuel in its engine from Dubai International Airport.
Airlines are blamed for pollution by environmentalists, and the 300 or so airlines claiming 83% of the world’s air traffic and united in the International Air Transport Association (IATA) are calling for increased production of sustainable aviation fuels.
“If, by 2030, 50% of fuel comes from SAF, that would be a big step forward, but it will depend on the ability of companies to produce it and deliver it to airports,” warned Adel Al-Redha, chief operating officer at Emirates.
It is important that producers make efforts as well and “offer affordable prices” because high costs would be an “obstacle for airlines or companies,” he said.
Before the pandemic, SAF production was only 25 million liters, according to IATA, while aviation consumed some 413 billion liters of fuel in the same year, according to figures from the International Energy Agency.
Major producers have increased their production to 200 million liters by 2022, according to IATA, which hopes to reach 30 billion liters per year by 2030 in its ambitious “net-zero” CO2 emissions project for air transport by 2050.
Leading environmental NGOs accuse the airline industry of disproportionately promoting these alternative fuels, which they say are used only marginally.
Dubai is the major hub for air transport, and the United Arab Emirates will host the next UN climate conference, COP28, at the end of the year, against a backdrop of criticism from NGOs, as the country is one of the world’s leading crude oil exporters.


text:
FAMILY SOCIAL NETWORKING 5
Familysocial networks are exceedingly crucial as they help in keepingfamily members together no matter the distance between the familymembers. For instance, through the use of the social media, it ispossible for family members to share information such as photos andcommunicate directly through chats (Lüsted,2011). The use of the social networks amid family members will bediscussed in this assignment in this regard, two cousins that liveaway from home will be discussed. One of the cousins (Taylor) is onthe social network, while the other is not on the social network(John).
Consideringthese two cousins, there is a comparison with regard to what I knowconcerning them. Concerning Taylor, I know much of him because it hasbecome exceedingly easy to share most of the information on thesocial network. For instance, Taylor usually shares his photosconcerning his life while he is far away. Through this, it becomeseasy to know what is going on with his life. Whenever, Taylor has alife event concerning him, it is always easy to know because theevent is usually shared on the social network. For example, whenusing the Facebook, it has been easy to know most of his events suchas birthday, marital status, and events that he is attending. This isbecause this information has always been shared on the social networkthrough updates. Besides, it has always been easy to share withTaylor because chatting on the social media is less costly than usingother communication tools (Ryan, 2011). Indeed, Taylor and I chatalmost daily using the Facebook chat. This has helped in knowing andunderstanding Taylor in a much better way. In terms of relationshipwith Taylor, it has become exceedingly easy to understand him becausehe always shares any information almost daily. I have more contactwith Taylor
Johnis not on any social media, which implies that in order to keep intouch, he has to use other modes of communication. In most cases,John uses letters as a means of communicating. Through the letters,it has been exceedingly difficult to know much about John because hecommunicates once in a while. Besides, since it is not possible toshare much of his personal life through the letters, most of hisinformation is hard to know and understand. In fact, I know verylittle information about John because most of his information he doesnot share since he is not connected to the social network. It hasbeen difficult to understand the relationship with him in a betterway because he does not always share information once hecommunicates using letters, he only mentions information he is askedfor and does not always add something new. I have less contact withJohn since he is not on the social network. Comparing him withTaylor, Taylor is more social than John because he is open in sharingmost of his information.
Itend to believe that the social network technology has become anexceedingly critical element in ensuring that it brings individualscloser, no matter the distance. Although family members may not beliving closer to each other, the social networks such as the Facebookhave been used by the family members as a communication tool. Despitethe distance amid family members, it is possible to chat and shareany information through the social networks (Partridge,2011). With the social networks such as the Facebook, it is alsopossible to know the events that a family member is associated withthis is because the social networks bring the updates to membersautomatically. Thus, it is possible to know much informationconcerning a person on the social networks such as relationshipinformation and how he/she can be contacted for example, it ispossible to know whether a person is married, in a relationship orsingle without the need of asking him/her. Therefore, through usingthe social networks, it has become exceedingly easy to maintaincontacts between family members since communication is alwaysmaintained. This has been evidenced in the case of Taylor, where Iknow a lot of his information because he is on the social network.
Lüsted,M. A. (2011). Socialnetworking: MySpace, Facebook, & Twitter.Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co.
Partridge,K. (2011). Socialnetworking.New York: H.W. Wilson.
Ryan,P. K. (2011). Socialnetworking.New York: Rosen Central.


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The latest run of Call the Midwife only just ended, but the cast are already back in action!
Season 8 concluded in the UK earlier this month with the show’s 70th episode.
After the finale aired on BBC One, it was officially confirmed that the hit period drama series about a group of nurse midwives working in the East End of London will continue for another three seasons.
The makers of Call the Midwife certainly aren’t wasting any time, as the ninth season commenced filming in England this week.
The long shoot begins with 2019’s Christmas special, before moving on to eight brand new 60-minute episodes for broadcast in early 2020.
To celebrate the start of filming, the Call the Midwife team have posted a lovely photo of actress Ella Bruccoleri, who plays Sister Frances, with the clapperboard for the first scene of Season 9.
Season 8 will premiere in the USA later this month on Masterpiece on PBS.
While you wait for the new season, why not check out the new official Call the Midwife board game?!
Call the Midwife is available on DVD on Amazon.


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Catherine Gaggioli, 28, has always loved books, but despite teasing from friends and family she knew she wouldn’t become a librarian.
“People used to tell me when I was little, ‘Oh you’ll probably become a librarian because you love books so much,’ and I was like, ‘No that’s not how it works, just because I love books doesn’t mean I’m going to become a librarian.'”
She did go on to earn a master’s degree in library and information science from Simmons University, but she did not become a librarian.
Gaggioli is a book fairy.
In 2017, with fellow Simmons classmate Araceli Hintermeister and local author Judy Gelman, Gaggioli founded Books on the T, an organization committed to spreading the joy of reading and literacy across Greater Boston by dropping free books in and around MBTA stations.
During the day Gaggioli is a research archivist at the Massachusetts Archives and Commonwealth Museum, but during her commute she hides books in tucked-away spots, on escalators, low ledges and benches, for other bleary-eyed commuters to take and enjoy for free. A distraction from hideous delays, or something to spark a smile, Gaggioli and her team of volunteer book fairies scatter about 15 books a week in every corner of the T network, from Mattapan to Malden.
Books on the T is Boston’s chapter of the global Books on the Move campaign, which started in London in 2012. There are 20 similar branches across the world, in cities like New York, Chicago, Buenos Aires, Madrid and Delhi.
Gaggioli recently sat down with the Scope to talk about why the book fairies started this campaign and what motivates them to continue the work. The following transcript has been edited for length and clarity.
Q: How does Books on the T work?
A: We get all of our books from publishers and from the authors. [Judy] arranges all of that and then Araceli and I distribute the books to our book fairies who are the volunteers who drop the books. I do all the social media.
We also partner with organizations in Boston. Our biggest partner is the Boston Book Festival. They let all of their authors know that we exist and so we get a lot of the titles from the Boston Book Festival. We partner with 826 Boston, which is a writing program for youth in the city. Those books are always wonderful to drop because the voices in those books are really unique and it’s really wonderful. They cover such a wide range of topics, from cooking to immigration experiences to all kinds of stuff, so we really love dropping those books a lot.
We’ve built a good solid network of people who like to drop the books and we really focus on local authors, that’s how we kind of distinguish ourselves from Books on the Subway [in New York] or Books on the Underground [in London]. London and New York are major cities so they do really big books, big titles, and we do some of those but we really like to focus on local authors. We do more picture books, books for young adults, whereas the other cities tend to focus more on adult reading we try and cover everything, all the people of Boston.
Q: Does that include titles in other languages?
A: Yes. We don’t have as many bi-lingual titles as we’d like but we [drop them] whenever we can. We’ve dropped a few books in Spanish, we’ve dropped a few books in Chinese, but that is something that we’re constantly trying to get more of is bi-lingual titles. Those aren’t books that are published that much and it’s harder to get copies of them.
Q: Where does your drive for this come from?
A: I just really love books. I’ve always loved books, and I adore giving people books. I also really like Boston and I really like taking the T. I feel like putting books out there for people to find. I just hope it makes somebody’s day you know? That it’s like, “Oh a book that I can just take.” You don’t need to buy it, there’s no strings attached to it, you can just take it. I’ve found books that I never would have picked up and I’ve loved them and that’s what I want to give to everybody. It brings so many benefits, it brings literature to people, it brings excitement to the commute, it makes you look at your city in a different way and appreciate it in a different way.
As soon as I started dropping books I noticed so many more details about all of the T stations in Boston, little ledges and little nooks and crannies. I’ve gotten to the point now where I think I could identify 90 percent of the Boston’s T stations just from a picture of bricks.
Q: But aren’t people glued to their phones during their commute?
A: I would say in Boston 50 percent of people are reading books. This is the perfect city for it and I like it because it gets people to look up and look around. I hope the people who know that we’re out there aren’t like just hustling through the T station but they’re looking around and are like, “Oh, maybe I’ll find a book today.”
Q: Are there any challenges dropping books?
A: We’re always afraid that the books are getting chucked, like thrown out. I’ve seen people pick up the book and then toss it and I’m like, “No, it’s a book just take it, or don’t take it if you don’t want it.” We also don’t want the books to cause any harm so we try not to put them on places where they’ll fall and cause danger.
Q: Do you know anything about the people picking up the books?
A: We’ve gotten a lot of people picking up the books who have long commutes, where they’re taking the commuter rail in and then taking the Red Line to get to work. They’ll find it on the Red Line and they’ll send us a picture of it out on the commuter rail because they took it all the way home. That’s what I want, because all of the book fairies have a limited network, we’re just kind of dropping them on our way to work and that’s a path you take the same way everyday, so it’s wonderful when people pick them up and spread them further.
Q: How did it go negotiating with the MBTA when you first started Books on the T?
A: It was kind of good. There were a couple of hiccups where they were very concerned about the janitors having to clean them up, or [the books] being in places that would cause problems. We can’t use their logo on any of our stuff so we have a modified logo, but their communications person was really great to work with, so we figured it all out and made it all work.
Q: Do you have any plans for the future of Books on the T?
A: It seems to be working the way it is. We do want to partner with a couple of organizations that have contacted us [and] we want a bit more community feedback. We want to draw attention to more communities in Boston. We hope that the more people become aware of us the more books that we’ll get. I feel like we’ve really, in the last year or so, really cemented that we cover a wide range of audiences age-wise, interest-wise, so I feel like we’re going to keep doing that and we want to partner with more local communities.
Q: Is there anything about Books on the T that you think people should know?
A: We’re a bunch of Bostonians who really love books and who really want other people to enjoy reading the books that we drop. That’s really what it is. I think of it as a big Boston book club, that’s what I want. I want people to find the books and know that other people are finding them and reading them and just enjoy reading.


text:
Unexpectedly Eighty: And Other Adaptations
copies bought in the last week
As Viorst gleefully attests, eighty is not too old to dream, to flirt, to drink, and to dance. It's also not too late to give up being cheap or to take up with a younger man of seventy-eight. Zesty, hopeful, and full of the pleasures of living, Viorst's poems speak to her legions of readers, who recognize themselves in her knowing observations, in her touching reflections, and in her joyful affirmations. Funny, moving, inspirational, and true - the newest in Judith Viorst's beloved "decades" series extols the virtues, victories, frustrations, and joys of life.


MCI-W vs CHL-W Match Details
Date: Sunday, 8 September 2023
Time: 13:00 (BST) / 17:30 (IST)
Venue: Joie Stadium, Manchester
MCI-W vs CHL-W Match Preview
Manchester City almost set their chances high for winning the title last season by winning this meeting 2-0 against eventual champions Chelsea but ultimately settled for the fourth spot on the table. Their standing meant no Champions League football and an 11 point adrift from the top spot was indeed a disappointing end to the campaign. City decided to stick with their manager Gareth Taylor offering him a year extension while making just one significant signing in the summer in the form of Jill Roord, breaking the British record fee in women’s football. The Dutch international scored on his debut in the 2-0 victory at West Ham in the opener after a goalless first-half before Lauren Hemp, who also netted in that win over the Blues, gave the away side the victory. City ended the game with 10 players for Leia Ouahabi’s second booking but it sets them well against the holders in their first home game of the season. Unbeaten in the last 19 home games, City will hope to use this early title contention fixture as an inspiration to win the league for the first time. That being said, their last loss here came against the Blues incidentally back in November 2021.
The WSL title is not secured these days until and unless Chelsea go on a poor run of results which hardly has been in their dominance of the league over the years. Emma Hayes’s side would like to remind City of the fact by winning their fourth successive away fixture stretching from last season. The holders also had a winning start to the new WSL season with a 2-1 victory over Tottenham Hotspurs although they did conceded a lot of chances from their London rivals. 13 in total which was the most since 2013. World Cup hero Zecira Musovic had to pull off some important saves in it even though Mia Fishel and Lauren James scored in the decisive period for the Blues in the game. However, players are still recovering from the World Cup and recent international hectic so the team was not expected to be at its full gear. Chelsea will think nothing else than three points on Sunday to make an early hold on the top of the standings.
MCI-W vs CHL-W Team News
Left-back Leia Ouahabi’s dismissal in the first game means Kerstein Casparij could be added to the starting eleven with Laia Aleixandri switching flanks to accommodate the right-back. Coach Gareth Taylor said star striker Bunny Shaw will be in contention to start after missing City’s league opener with an injury. Defender Demi Stokes is also closing on a return but this fixture comes too soon for her.
Chelsea were delighted to offer Fran Kirby some minutes off the bench after her long injury layoff while striker Sam Kerr will also be in the mix after resuming full training this week. The Australian will be pushing new signing Mia Fishel, scored in her debut, for the forward position. Little to no changes is expected from the London derby win against Tottenham Hotspurs.
MCI-W vs CHL-W Predicted Lineups
MCI-W: Ellie Roebuck; Kerstein Casparij, Alanna Kennedy, Alex Greenwood, Laia Aleixandri; Jill Roord, Yui Hasegawa, Deyna Castellanos; Chloe Kelly, Khadija Shaw, Lauren Hemp
CHL-W: Zecira Musovic; Jess Carter, Maren Mjelde, Bright, Niamh Charles; Sophie Ingle, Melanie Leupolz; Rytting Kaneryd, Lauren James, Guro Reiten; Sam Kerr
MCI-W vs CHL-W Dream11 Team Prediction
GK: Musovic (7.5)
DEF: Bright (8.5), A Greenwood (8.5), Charles (8)
MID: Kelly (9), James (9), Roord (8.5), Reiten (9)
FW: Kerr (9), Shaw (8), Hemp (9)
Vice-captain: Lauren James
Captain: Lauren Hemp


Community content and other resources are now linked from Power Apps documentation. Please use documentation GitHub to submit any additions and alterations.
New framework feature ask ?
Share your ideas and vote for future features.
Suggest a new idea. Please add idea label as PowerApps component framework (PCF).
You will have to contact Barhead regarding their Barhead Kanba solution as they have not made it publicly downloadable.
Some of the controls submitted here are available for public download and the creators have provided links to github, etc. More of the controls have been submitted as examples and their creators either want to sell them to you or at least have you contact them so they can use it as a marketing opportunity for the creators.
The solution contains the following components:-
I hope people find it useful.
Is there a sample or guidance to develop a custom control for the CRM Form subgrid scrollbar? I am looking to implement a custom scroll bar for a subgrid on Dynamics Form and looking for some directions to see if its even possible at this moment.
Pretty quiet in here guys 😊
-- Here's another PCF Sample for I developed last night.
Uses the Main Form Dialog (navigateTo Function within Model Power Apps) to bring up a entity main form without losing context and navigating away from your original record.
Source code, download and overview available here:
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Power Platform release plan for the 2021 release wave 2 describes all new features releasing from October 2021 through March 2022.


May 20, 2019-
Hannah Brown’s Silver Sequin Halter Gown at the Pageant Competition
The Bachelorette Season 15 Episode 2 Fashion
Although she may have been sitting at the judges table and had no real competition, Hannah Brown totally won the evening wear portion of tonight’s ‘Bachelorette’ beauty pageant in her silver sequin halter gown. She’s beauty and she’s grace, she’s
miss one of the best dressed women in the United States!
The swimsuit portion on the other hand, she left up to the guys strutting their stuff in little speedos. And we thought her dazzling dress would be the only thing we couldn’t look away from…
Shop Other Fashion Seen On The Bachelorette: