text: BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in various cancers. To validate IMP3 as a prognostic biomarker in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we investigated the expression of IMP3, p53, and Ki-67, and their associations with clinicopathologic outcomes. METHODS: We studied 148 clear cell RCCs (CCRCCs) from patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. The expression levels of IMP3, p53, and Ki-67 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and the clinical and pathologic parameters were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of CCRCCs expressed IMP3. Forty-one percent of IMP3-immunopositive tumors developed metastases, while only 11.4% of IMP3-negative tumors developed metastases (p<.001). A Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with IMP3-immunopositive tumors had lower metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival than did those with IMP3-immunonegative tumors (p<.001 and p<.001, respectively). Expression of high Ki-67 proliferation index was also associated with a higher metastatic rate. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, pT stage and IMP3-positivity were independently associated with disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: IMP3 is an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with CCRCC to predict metastasis and poor outcome.


Rejection by Parliament on questions related to PKFZ and Scorpene trial are not justifiable
I am disappointed to receive two rejection letters from the Parliament Secretary, at the start of this Dewan Rakyat sitting, on questions I submitted for the current session. These rejections were based on the Parliament Standing Order 23(1)(h) and 23(1)(g) whereby it is claimed that my questions – on the Scorpene scandal and the PKFZ case – were not allowed in Parliament.
This is unacceptable as these questions involve public interest as both the issues have the element of taxpayers’ money being abused or unaccounted for.
These questions in summary ask whether:
- The PM will make himself available and present to testify at the Scorpene case in the French courts if subpoenaed and will the government now set-up a Select Committee to investigate the purchase of the scorpene submarines which involved commissions paid to Perimekar and Terasai; and
- Why the Transport Minister, with regards to the PKFZ case, ordered payment to KDSB without taking the advise of Port Klang Authority (PKA)’s lawyers and how will the Ministry recover the funds from KDSB should PKA win the RM1.6 billion suit against KDSB.
The excuse given by Parliament is that:
- The Scorpene question cannot be addressed because the matter is based on opinion/ assumption as the matter has not arisen in court; and
- The PKFZ question cannot be addressed because it is an on-going court case.
It is, in my view, not a matter of assumptions or prejudicial to a non-existing case nor an on-going case. It is purely a question of whether the government is going to act in the interest of the public in both issues and how are they proposing to investigate and rectify the spending of public funds should there be question marks on it.
As for the question on PKFZ, the question that I asked is not related to the on-going court trial, but it is about whether the Transport Ministry will continue to pay RM733 million to KDSB as it has been advised by the lawyer of PKA not to do so. Besides, this is also stated in a book written by former PKA chairman, Dato Lee Hwa Beng.
I would like to advice the PM and government ministries not to use Standing Orders in the Parliament when posed with questions that concern the general public. By doing so, this will only lead to the public’s view that this government has much to hide.
Media statement by Teresa Kok Suh Sim in Shah Alam on Tuesday, 12th June 2012


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SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (KELO) — June 5th has been dubbed 605 Day for South Dakota citizens and fans to come together and celebrate their love for the state.
So why the fifth day of June?
The date for this celebration represents the state’s singular area code. South Dakota is one of twelve states that has just just one area code.
People are celebrating all over the state.
The South Dakota Highway Patrol is even celebrating, using the hashtag #605Day to come together online and share pictures of their favorite spots in South Dakota.
Some organizations, like South Dakota Tourism and Downtown Sioux Falls, are offering prizes to people who display their South Dakota spirit on social media.
We want to see your favorite view of the 605. Send pictures of South Dakota scenes to uShare@KELOLAND.com and we’ll include them in a photo gallery online.

domain: news


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It’s hard to imagine nowadays but Final Fantasy 14 What was once regarded as an objective failure for Square Enix. When the MMORPG was released in 2010, it was panned by critics and fans, eventually its PlayStation 3 release was postponed indefinitely, and the game was eventually shelved after only two years. but since it was revived a realm reborn in 2013, Final Fantasy 14 has only become more and more popular and has now crossed an important milestone.
According to IGN, during a practical preview event for the upcoming Final Fantasy 14: endwalker detail, director Naoki Yoshida reveals that Final Fantasy 14 There are now over 24 million players. Yoshida shared a chart with the press to show how the number of players has grown. a real rebirth It was released eight years ago. In 2015, it had 4 million players. By 2017, this had grown to 10 million, and now it has more than doubled in the past five years.
Not only that, Yoshida says that this Final Fantasy 14 Becoming the Most Profitable Entry in the Whole last dream Chain. Yoshida adds, “Square Enix will only continue to invest in the game and ensure that it remains highly enjoyable for its players.”
With returns of this magnitude and rising player counts and profits, it’s hardly surprising that Square Enix continues to support Final Fantasy 14. foreshadowed endwalker The expansion will mark the end of the main story that began back in 2013, but Yoshida has already stated that the game will continue with a new story. In fact, Yoshida mentions supporting Final Fantasy 14 At least for another 10 years.
Square Enix isn’t going to be trusted either way Final Fantasy 14 Profit going forward. The company still has some important releases happening over the next few months, with Guardians of the Galaxy Game over by the end of October Final Fantasy 7 battle royale spin-off first soldier Launching for Android and iOS is scheduled for release later this year.
And then in 2022, there will be PlayStation 5 and PC exclusives forspoken, together Stranger of Paradise: Final Fantasy Origin, which recently got a release date and a second playable test to gather feedback from players. it is not taking into account Final Fantasy 16 Either, which still lacks a release date and has been shrouded in mystery since its announcement in 2020.
Final Fantasy 14 Available for PC, PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5.
There’s no traditional battle royale mode in Battlefield 2042, but Hazard Zone wants to take that itch for fans in its own way.
About the Author


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Courier chess is an old chess variant, played in Germany during the middle ages. The game disappeared almost everywhere at the end of the middle ages, but was played for a long time still in the famous German chess village Ströbeck. Even there, the game is not played anymore now.The game is described in Murray's history of chess, Gollons book, Pritchard's Encyclopedia of Chess Variants, and some other books on the history of chess. Gollon mentions this variant as "considered especially interesting by the author", i.e., by himself.
- A newer, but still historic version of this game: Courier-Spiel.
- The Courier Game. Description of Courier-Spiel, with printable pieces and board. By Larry Smith.
- Historic painting of a Courier chess game.
- Courier Chess ZRF. Zillions of Games implementation of this game, by Francis Monkman. If you have the Zillions of Games program on your computer, you can play Courier Chess with this ZRF-file.
The board and pieces
The game is played on a board with twelve rows and eight columns. The board is checkered, but there is no fixed rule on what color the left-hand-corner square must have.
Players have twenty-four pieces: twelve pawns, a king, a man (counsellor), a queen, a schleich (spy or smuggler, also translated as fool), two couriers, two bishops, two knights and two rooks.
The opening setup is as follows:
King f1; Queen g1; Rook a1, l1; Knight b1, k1; Bishop c1, j1; Courier d1, i1; Man e1; Schleich h1; Pawn a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f2, g2, h2, i2, j2, k2, l2.
King f8; Queen g8; Rook a8, l8; Knight b8, k8; Bishop c8, j8; Courier d8, i8; Man e8; Schleich h8; Pawn a7, b7, c7, d7, e7, f7, g7, h7, i7, j7, k7, l7.
The game starts with moving three pawns and the queen in a particular way, such that the following position arrives:
With this position, the game really begins.
Movement of piecesThe king, rook, and knight move as in the orthodox chess game.
The courier moves as the modern bishop.
The bishop (in courier chess) jumps two squares diagonally, so like the elephant in Shatranj (which undoubtly also is the origin of this type of move.)
The queen moves one square diagonally.
The man moves one square in an arbitrary direction, so like the king (but without being hindered by check etc.)
The schleich moves one square horizontally or vertically.
Pawns move as pawns in orthodox chess, but cannot make a double move from the second row. The promotion rule for this game is not known, but most likely, the rule is that a pawn promotes to queen (with the movement of a queen in courier chess) when arriving at the last rank.
Other rulesObject of the game is to mate the opponent. The rule on stalemate is not known; it is very likely that sometimes the game was played with stalemate a win for the stalemating player, sometimes the game was played with stalemate a draw.
Play It!Use Zillions of Games to play this game! If you have Zillions of Games installed, you can download this game and play it.
WWW page created: 1995 or 1996. Last modified: March 14, 2000.

domain: game


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Luis Coronel is a busy man. In addition to promoting his music and co-hosting a special concert with Larry Hernandez, Coronel will again be joining the judging panel of talent show, “Tengo Talento Mucho Talento” – this time as a permanent judge.
In its 14th season, “Tengo Talento Mucho Talento” has been a hit with viewers. Their Facebook page has garnered more than 100,000 likes, and each season receives millions of viewers.
Luis has been a guest judge for the past two seasons, but thanks to an overwhelming audience response, the show has added him to the judging panel.
In a press release, Coronel said that the last two seasons were a great response and is delighted to return to the show.
Check out the new season and be sure to follow Latin é for the latest in Latino Entertainment.

domain: entertainment


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Religious institutions have the sacred duty of protecting children as well as vulnerable adults against sexual predators. It is disheartening that these institutions instead serve as a perfect grooming ground for the perpetrators of this abominable act. The victims are left to suffer unbearable emotional pain while the perpetrators enjoy the protection of these institutions.
But it’s high time that narrative changed. If you were sexually abused by a clergy member, sexual abuse attorneys at Horowitz Law are ready to help you pursue damages and ensure the clergy and institution pay for their misdeeds.
What is clergy sex abuse?
Clergy sex abuse occurs when a clergy member uses his/her position of religious authority to subject a subordinate or member of the congregation to unwanted sexual contact. Clergy sex abuse covers the inappropriate use of power by priests, pastors, bishops, rabbis, imams, deacons, nuns, etc. at Horowitz law, we represent victims of any faith, including but not limited to abuse within:
- Catholic Church
- Protestant Churches
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Church of God in Christ, Inc.
- Seventh-Day Adventists
- Baptist Church
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Who are the defendants in a clergy abuse case?
Usually, the first defendant is the perpetrator of the abuse. Victims can file a civil lawsuit against the perpetrator and recover damages even if they would not be held criminally liable. Besides the clergy, the religious organization may also be held liable if there is any negligence. Such organizations are expected to protect their congregation from abuse their negligence can stem from:
- Concealing abuse
- Not properly investigating or reporting cases brought to their knowledge
- Failing to maintain the proper procedures and protocols expected of such organizations
Our clergy abuse attorneys at Horowitz Law will help you evaluate your case and determine the parties that can be held liable.
What is the statute of limitations in sexual abuse cases?
A lot of clergy sexual abuse victims are minors and many do not discover the abuse for what it is until much later. If you were sexually molested by a clergy member as a child, do not think it’s too late to come forward. We are experienced in "getting around" the statute of limitations based on various legal theories. Sexual abuse laws vary from state to state and in several states there is no statute of limitations.
Simply schedule a free consultation with our clergy abuse lawyers and they’ll be glad to help. However, the best time to do that is now because every second counts in clergy abuse cases.
Schedule a free consultation with an expert clergy abuse lawyer
The psychological effects of clergy abuse could last a lifetime. However, you can facilitate your healing process by ensuring the clergy and the religious organization are made to pay for their actions. If you or anyone you know has suffered from clergy abuse, contact a clergy abuse lawyer for a free and confidential consultation.

domain: sociology


Canon PIXMA MP990
Wireless All-In-One Inkjet Photo Printer
PIXMA MP990 is a Wireless All-In-One Inkjet Photo Printer that offers unmatched quality. It all starts with the built-in Wi-Fi capability that allows MP990 users to print wirelessly from anywhere.
Users can also easily connect to a wired network if they choose to use via Ethernet installed. While integrated Automatic Duplex printing can help users by automatically printing on both sides of the paper, this will reduce paper costs by up to 50%.
The PIXMA MP990 All-In-One printer is capable of delivering maximum resolutions of up to 9600 x 24002 dpi with 6 individual ink tank systems that include black and gray ink for color photographs and professional black and white.
For the convenience of users, the PIXMA MP990 also has a 3.8-inch Color LCD to enhance the image before printing.
Here are scanner drivers that need to activate the connection between the printer and computer.
Download – MP990 series MP Driver – Ver.1.05 – Windows 8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP
Download – MP990 series Scanner Driver – Ver.15.5.1b – OS X 10.5/10.6/10.7/10.8/10.9/10.10


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Heat the oil in a pan over a medium heat, then add the onion and cook for 5 minutes. Add the peppers and cook for 5-8 minutes until softened. Add the chilli, ginger, garlic, thyme and allspice and cook for 2 minutes. Add the coconut cream with a splash of water to loosen it slightly and simmer for 2 minutes. Remove from the heat and add the lime juice and sugar, then season to taste.
Make four packages by laying out a large sheet of tin foil with a sheet of greaseproof paper on top of it (you might need to trim this to make it roughly the same size as the foil). Place a salmon fillet on each, then slightly bring up the sides and divide the coconut sauce between each parcel. Scrunch the sides together to create a parcel, but leave enough space for the fish to steam.
Place each parcel on a hot barbecue or griddle pan for 8-10 minutes until the fish is just cooked through. Open the parcels and serve.

domain: food


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Double Cheese Turkey Nachos Supremos
Makes: 4 servings
- 1 tbsp (15 mL) olive oil
- 1 cup (250 mL) onions, diced
- 1 clove garlic, minced
- 1.5 lbs (680 g) ground Ontario turkey
- 2 tbsp (25 mL) taco seasoning mix
- 1 cup (250 mL) tomatoes, diced
- 2 tbsp (25 mL) coriander, chopped (optional)
- 1 lb (500 g) nacho chips
- 1/2 cup (125 mL) shredded cheddar cheese
- 1/2 cup (125 mL) shredded Monterey Jack cheese
- 1 cup (250 mL) sour cream
- 1 cup (250 mL) guacamole
- 1 cup (250 mL) salsa
In a large pan on medium, heat oil and sauté onions until tender and starting to brown. Add garlic and turkey and continue to sauté for approx 8-10 minutes or until turkey is fully cooked and starting to brown. Add taco seasoning mix and tomatoes and cook until tomatoes are soft. Remove from heat and stir in coriander. Set aside.
Pre-heat oven to 350ºF (180ºC).
On a large baking sheet, spread the nacho chips evenly to form one layer. Spoon turkey mixture evenly over the chips. Top with shredded cheeses and bake for 10-15 minutes, or until cheese melts and nachos turn golden in colour.
Serve warm with side dishes of sour cream, guacamole and salsa!


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SOUTH BEND, IN – The South Bend Cubs have announced a makeup date for their postponed game originally scheduled on Sunday, May 9 versus the Quad Cities River Bandits.
The game will be made up as part of a 7-inning doubleheader on Saturday, August 21. Gates will open at 4:30 p.m. ET and first pitch of game one is now scheduled for 5:00 p.m. Game two will begin approximately 30 minutes following the conclusion of game one. Flat Screen TV giveaways will not begin until the start of game 2.
Fans who have purchased tickets for August 21 can attend both games. Anyone who purchased tickets for the game on May 9 and has not exchanged them, can still redeem their tickets for any other South Bend Cubs 2021 regular-season home game for an equal or lesser value. Tickets can be redeemed by visiting the South Bend Cubs Box Office or by calling (574) 235-9988.
The South Bend Cubs welcome the Peoria Chiefs, High-A affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals to Four Winds Field for a six-game series beginning August 3. Promotions that night include Triple Play Tuesday, presented by Kayem Foods. Fans can purchase a game ticket, hot dog, and fountain soda package beginning at $12 when purchased at least 24 hours in advance. It’s also Tail Waggin’ Tuesday presented by WellPet LLC. Fans can bring their dog to the ballpark but must sign a waiver prior to entry.


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Lawyers representing former NFL players in their concussion claims estimate payouts from the settlement with the league will likely reach $1.4 billion
Earl Thomas and Le'Veon Bell are just two NFL stars who have struggled to sign long-term deals with their respective teams. Is this a bad sign for the future?
Will Leitch asks former NFL Pro Bowl running back and star of Netflix's "Luke Cage" Thomas Q. Jones if NFL personalities would be Superheroes or Super Villains.
The Arizona Cardinals suspended general manager Steve Keim for five weeks and fined him $200,000 after he pleaded guilty to extreme DUI following a Fourth of July arrest in a Phoenix suburb


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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Ace your medical courses and pass the Boards with the most up-to-date review of medical microbiology and immunology Covering everything you need to know for academic and career success, Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology delivers a high-yield review of the most important aspects of the topic in a concise yet comprehensive style. It explores both the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology and discusses important infectious diseases using an organ system approach. With an effective mix of engaging text, color images, tables, figures, Q&As, and clinical vignettes, this is the proven, one-stop guide to mastering the application of microbiology and immunology to infectious diseases. • Facilitates any study objective or learning style • Essential for USMLE review and medical microbiology coursework • 650 USMLE-style practice questions • Complete USMLE-style practice exam • Pearls impart basic science necessary for passing the USMLE • 50 clinical cases illustrate the importance of basic science information in clinical diagnosis • Concise summaries of medically important organisms • Chapter-ending self-assessment questions with answers • Color images depict clinically important findings, such as infectious disease lesions • Gram stains of bacteria, electron micrographs of viruses, and microscopic images depict fungi, protozoa, and worms • Chapters on infectious diseases from an organ system perspective
Ace your medical courses and pass the Boards with the most up-to-date review of medical microbiology and immunology! This trusted, popular guide provides a high-yield review of the most important aspects of microbiology and immunology in a concise yet comprehensive style. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology covers both basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology. Important infectious diseases are discussed using an organ system approach. The effective mix of engaging narrative text, color images, tables, figures, Q&As, and clinical vignettes make this an invaluable, proven one-stop guide to mastering the application of microbiology and immunology to infectious diseases. This updated edition reflects the latest research, treatment, and developments, as well as a new chapter on COVID-19. Outstanding Tools for USMLE Studying: Facilitates any study objective or learning style Essential for USMLE review and medical microbiology coursework 654 USMLE-style practice questions test your knowledge Complete USMLE-style practice exam Pearls cover the basic science necessary for passing the USMLE 50 clinical cases illustrate the importance of basic science information in clinical diagnosis Concise summaries of medically important organisms Color images depict clinically important findings, such as infectious disease lesions Color micrographs of stained microorganisms Chapter-ending self-assessment questions and answers New chapter on COVID-19 with images
This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in precision medicine in stroke. It starts by explaining and giving general information about precision medicine. Current applications in different strokes types (ischemic, haemorrhagic) are presented from diagnosis to treatment. In addition, ongoing research in the field (early stroke diagnosis and estimation of prognosis) is extensively discussed. The final part provides an in-depth discussion of how different interdisciplinary areas like artificial intelligence, molecular biology and genetics are contributing to this area. Precision Medicine in Stroke provides a practical approach to each chapter, reinforcing clinical applications and presenting clinical cases. This book is intended for all clinicians that interact with stroke patients (neurologists, internal medicine doctors, general practitioners, neurosurgeons), students and basic researchers.
Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice Nurse, Second Edition is a comprehensive resource that serves as a bridge between clinical experience and the advanced knowledge necessary for the role of an APRN. It helps graduate students navigate the data and presentation of symptoms that must be considered when making a diagnosis and recommendation for treatment. This unique text includes expanded pathophysiology content across the life span and information to meet the needs of many advanced practice population areas, including pediatrics, psychiatric mental health, and gerontology. It also incorporates information from both an acute and primary care focus.
Both an ideal learning tool for students and a superb resource for patient education, Netter's Pediatrics, 2nd Edition, is a rich visual aid featuring more than 500 images by Drs. Frank H. Netter, Carlos Machado, and others working in the classic Netter style. The uniquely aesthetic and accurate artwork is accompanied by up-to-date text contributed primarily by physicians at the prestigious Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, all designed to work together to help you diagnose and care for children with common clinical conditions. New chapters, new features, and new online access makes this pediatrics resource a must-have for pediatric rotations, when studying for exams, or when preparing for patient consultations. Offers at-a-glance information for a quick overview of common pediatric issues—from nutrition, allergy, infectious disease, and adolescent medicine to cancer and heart disease. Depicts key details for each condition with 500 detailed, crystal-clear images provided by Dr. Frank H. Netter, Dr. Carlos Machado, and others working in the Netter tradition. Features new clinical vignettes at the start of each chapter. Includes numerous new chapters including transgender health, feeding and nutrition, device and technology management, endocrine dysnatremias, syndromic intellectual disability, and mitochondrial disorders. Provides access to more than 20 printable patient education brochures online.
"Approximately 13,000 citations for publications, organizations, and other sources of information on more than 450 health-related subjects." Arranged under both general and specific subjects. Each subject entry lists bibliographical information for abstract services and indexes; annuals, reviews, and yearbooks; associations and professional societies; handbooks and manuals; online databases; periodicals; popular works and patients education; research centers, institutes, and clearinghouses; and textbooks and general works. Many cross references.
Save hours of study time, build test taking confidence, and ace the USMLE Step 1 and course exams with most user-friendly, complete, and frequently updated review of medical microbiology and immunology available There's no faster or more effective way to prepare for the USMLE Step 1 and course exams than Medical Microbiology & Immunology Examination. Completely updated throughout, the Ninth Edition offers a concise, high-yield review of the basic and clinical aspects of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology, with an emphasis on the clinical application of microbiology and immunology to infectious diseases. Everything you need for fast and thorough exam preparation: The most frequently updated microbiology review available 600+ USMLE-format questions A complete USMLE-style exam with case-based questions Review questions and case studies to reinforce essential material An emphasis on must-know areas of bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology An intense focus on clinical application Summaries of important microorganisms for rapid review Summary tables that emphasize important epidemiological aspects of infectious diseases Basic science pearls that summarize fundamental concepts Informative tables and figures An understanding of the clinical relevance of microbiology Revised and expanded coverage of HIV, hepatitis viruses and immunology
May 21-22 May 21-22 2018 2018 Vienna, Austria Key Topics : Microorganisms in Pharmaceutical Industry, Microbial Ecology and Next Gen Sequencing, Microbial Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Drug discovery, development and formulations, Molecular and Protein based Therapeutics, Bioprocess engineering and Systems Biology, Biotechnology Outbreak, Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Data integrity, Bioinformatics and new predictions, Oncology and Recombinant pharmaceuticals, Biosensors and their application in healthcare, Microbial Identification and Contamination, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell technology, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic studies, Role of new technology in Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry and Biomolecular Science,
Presented in question-and-answer Recall format, this book helps students memorize the facts that are most often tested on the USMLE. The Power Review section helps students brush up on the details and test how well they've retained knowledge over the study period. It organizes facts according to their specific basic science disciplines.

domain: library


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Health problems among detainees in Switzerland: a study using the ICPC-2 classification
BMC Public Health volume 11, Article number: 245 (2011)
Little is known about the health status of prisoners in Switzerland. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the health problems presented by detainees in Switzerland's largest remand prison.
In this retrospective cross-sectional study we reviewed the health records of all detainees leaving Switzerland's largest remand prison in 2007. The health problems were coded using the International Classification for Primary Care (ICPC-2). Analyses were descriptive, stratified by gender.
A total of 2195 health records were reviewed. Mean age was 29.5 years (SD 9.5); 95% were male; 87.8% were migrants. Mean length of stay was 80 days (SD 160). Illicit drug use (40.2%) and mental health problems (32.6%) were frequent, but most of these detainees (57.6%) had more generic primary care problems, such as skin (27.0%), infectious diseases (23.5%), musculoskeletal (19.2%), injury related (18.3%), digestive (15.0%) or respiratory problems (14.0%). Furthermore, 7.9% reported exposure to violence during arrest by the police.
Morbidity is high in this young, predominantly male population of detainees, in particular in relation to substance abuse. Other health problems more commonly seen in general practice are also frequent. These findings support the further development of coordinated primary care and mental health services within detention centers.
Prisoners are an underserved and vulnerable population. They frequently have had limited previous access to healthcare due to educational, social and economic disadvantage [1, 2]. Prison has been identified as a significant opportunity to address the health needs of vulnerable groups. In particular, prison health services aim to reduce inequalities by providing primary care services that are similar in range and quality to those available in the community . Addiction, psychiatric problems and infectious disease are recognized as important health problems in prison, their extent varies widely from one setting to another . Belgian prisoners have been shown to make substantial use of primary care services during incarceration . In US jails 36.9% of inmates in 2002 reported having a current medical problem but only 42% of them said that they had seen a health care professional about it. The most frequent specific health problems were dental problems (25%), arthritis (13%), followed by hypertension (11%) and asthma (10%). Furthermore, 13% of inmates reported being injured since admission .
The frequency and range of health problems encountered in prisons should shape the composition and competence profile of prison health care services. Yet little is known about the primary care needs of detainees in most European countries, and no detailed description is available for Switzerland. The aim of this study was thus to provide a detailed description of the health problems of detainees in Switzerland's largest remand prison.
In 2007, Switzerland had 115 institutions for 5715 prisoners of whom 29% were in pre-trial detention. This country had an average of 76 prisoners per 100'0000 residents, which is one of the lowest rates in the world . Geneva however topped the national statistics with an average of 200 inmates per 100,000 residents . The majority of detainees in Swiss jails were male (93.6%) and of foreign origin (81.4%) . Furthermore, the canton of Geneva has the highest proportion of foreigners (38.3%) among its general resident population .
The study took place in Switzerland's largest remand prison, situated in Geneva and built in 1977. Initially conceived to receive 270 prisoners, this prison is overcrowded with a mean occupation rate of 169% in 2007. At the time the study took place, 10 to 20% of detainees were sentenced prisoners waiting to be transferred to another institution. The medical unit attached to Geneva University Hospitals is completely independent of the prison administration. It offers a low-threshold primary care approach to health care and employs 37 health professionals, including general practitioners, nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists and dentists. The facility operates 24 h/day with a nurse present at all times. All detainees admitted to the facility are submitted to a health assessment by primary health care nurses within the first 8 hours of their admission. This evaluation acts as triage to identify any health problems requiring medical attention, such as allergies, injuries, breathing problems, mental health problems including suicidal ideas, addiction, regular medical treatment, suspicion of tuberculosis or allegations of violence during arrest. The nurse evaluation is also an introduction to the facility's health service. When necessary, nurses refer detainees immediately to a primary care physician. At any time, inmates can ask for a medical consultation and are then addressed to a primary care physician. Referrals to the psychiatric team occur via the primary care physician.
Instrument and design
This retrospective, cross-sectional study assessed the health problems of all detainees leaving the facility between January 1st and December 31st in 2007. All health records (nurse evaluation forms and medical files) were reviewed and coded using the French version of the international classification of primary care, second edition (ICPC-2) [9, 10]. This coding is particularly adapted to primary care where complaints do not always lead to a specific diagnosis. The questionnaire (additional file 1) grouped ICPC-2 diagnoses within six categories created to reflect the clinical reality of prison medicine: 1. symptoms without precise diagnosis, 2. substance abuse or self-harm, 3. infections, 4. general internal medicine, 5. psychiatry and 6. injuries.
Daily use of at least one cigarette defined tobacco use. The first three questions of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were used to assess alcohol misuse defined as excessive drinking including heavy drinking, binge drinking or both, or alcohol abuse or dependence. The standard 10-item AUDIT  has been tested and validated in primary care, but its length precludes its use in jail settings. The derived three-item AUDIT-C has shown good screening performance for alcohol use disorders and risky drinking, and is now considered a reliable alternative to the standard AUDIT score [12, 13]. All detainees were asked about illicit substance use during the initial nurse evaluation. Prisoners referred to the primary care physician were systematically screened again for substance use during the first consultation. Active cocaine, respectively heroin use was classified as positive if used during the last 30 days before entering the prison. Previous cocaine, respectively heroin use was recorded if prisoners reported lifetime but no active use. Regular use of cannabis or benzodiazepine (more than once a week, without medical prescription) was recorded if the prisoner reported use during the last 30 days before admission to the prison. Cocaine, heroin and cannabis use were grouped as "illicit drug use". All detainees were asked about exposure to violence during arrest in the initial nurse evaluation and referred to the primary care physician if such exposure was reported. Socio-demographic data were age, gender, nationality (as a proxy for origin). Length of stay was recorded as it could be correlated with morbidity. Detainees who stay longer in prison have a higher probability of developing health problems and being in contact with health services.
The methodology and the coding instrument were pre-tested over a three-month period (October 2006 to December 2006). Approximately 400 files were analyzed during this pre-test. It allowed improvements to be made to the research procedure. A codebook was established to harmonize the use the ICPC-2 coding system within the research team. All health records were then coded following this procedure. One coder (DB) reviewed all the files and followed strict coding rules established by the research team at the initiation of the study. Coding doubts were discussed and resolved during regular meetings both with another coder in a different detention setting (DMH) and the entire research team. All data were recorded anonymously. Our focus was on somatic health problems and substance abuse. A more detailed description of specific psychiatric health problems are presented in a separate article .
Statistical analysis and ethical approval
Descriptive statistics were computed for demographic characteristics. The frequencies of ICPC-2 coded health problems were computed with 95% confidence intervals. Unless specified, we used Chi square tests to explore possible associations between commonly occurring health problems and patient characteristics. Age and sex-adjusted odds ratios for the association between origin and health problems were obtained with logistic regression models. Statistical analyses were done with S-Plus 7.0 Enterprise Developer and SPSS 15.0. The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva University Hospitals.
Of 2195 prisoners leaving the prison during 2007, 1510 (68.8%) had a primary care consultation during their stay and 685 (31.2%) only had an initial health assessment by the nurse. Hundred-fifteen different nationalities were represented and 92.8% detainees with at least one medical consultation were of foreign origin. Main regions of origin were Western Europe (28.9%), followed by North Africa and Middle East (27.5%) and Sub-Saharan Africa (20.1%). More details are shown in table 1. Length of stay was short as 27% stayed less than one week and 78% less than three months in the prison.
ICPC coded health problems
Figure 1 describes the ICPC coded health problems identified in 2195 health records. Morbidity was high; both somatic (57.6%) and mental (32.6%) health problems were highly prevalent. There were no gender differences in relation to the percentage of somatic health problems which were observed in female (61.1%; 95%CI 51.9-70.3) and male (57.4%; 95%CI 55.3-59.5) of detainees (p = 0.45). Major somatic health problems were: 1. skin (27.0%), 2. musculoskeletal (19.2%), 3. digestive (15.0%) and 4. respiratory (14.0%) disorders. Somatic disorders were slightly more frequent in those 29 years (median) or older (64% vs. 53%, p < 0.0001). Mean number of identified health problems were 2.4 (SD 1.8). Those who stayed less than 1 month had a mean of 2.0 (SD 1.3), those who stayed 3 to 6 months a mean of 3.2 (SD 2.0) and those who stayed more than 6 months a mean of 4.1 (SD 2.6) identified health problems.
Symptoms or complaints without precise diagnosis
Substance abuse was frequent and observed in 1562 detainees (71.2%): 61.5% smoked tobacco and 34.8% reported excessive alcohol consumption. Forty percent used at least one illicit drug (heroin, cocaine or cannabis) in the 30 days before admission. Lifetime consumption of cocaine or heroin was 33.8%. All substances were more frequently used by men compared to women (details are presented in figure 3 and table 3).
Infectious diseases were found in 23.5%. As shown in figure 4, upper airway infection was the most frequent infection, followed by fungal infections. Hepatitis C infection was found in 5.7% of detainees and among 15.4% (95%CI 12.8-18.0) of those who used either heroin or cocaine on admission. A fifth of Georgians, who also showed high prevalence rates of illicit drug (see below), were infected by HCV (20.8% CI95% 9.3-32.3). Only 0.8% (95%CI 0.4-1.3) of non-users of illicit drugs had hepatitis C infection. Chronic Hepatitis B was identified in 1% and HIV infection in 1% of the inmates.
Health problems grouped as "general internal medicine"
Thirty percent had health problems grouped in this category (figure 5, table 2). Skin problems, such as xerosis with pruritus, acne or eczema were predominant in this group. Asthma was the second most frequent health problem, observed in 3.2% of men and 2.8% of women. Diabetes was identified in 1.3% (CI95% 08-18) of male and in no female detainee.
Psychiatric disorders (excluding substance abuse)
Excluding substance abuse, psychiatric problems were found in 15.9% of men and 25% of women (figure 6). Depression was observed more than twice as frequently in women (16.7%) than in men (6.9%). Other frequently observed disorders were personality (5.5%) and adjustment disorders (4.5%).
Exposure to violence and injury
Injuries occurred in 18.3% of detainees and were more than twice as frequent in men (18.8%) compared to women (8.3%) (figure 7). Nearly one in ten detainees alleged being a victim of violence during arrest; 90% of these blaming the police. No significant gender differences were found but alleged exposure to violence by the authorities was more frequently declared by younger inmates (≤28 years) compared to older detainees (>28 years) (9.4% vs 6.1%, p = 0.0037).
Self harm (drug overdose, self-mutilation and swallowing of foreign bodies) was observed in 1.9% of women and 4.7% of men. No death occurred in the institution during 2007.
Origin-related health problems
Compared to Western Europeans who served as the reference group, sub-Saharan Africans had a higher burden of infectious diseases (OR 1.62, CI95% 1.21-2.17), and detainees from North-Africa/Middle-East more psychiatric problems (OR 1.47, CI95% (1.09-1.98). Other statistical significant differences were observed only for substance abuse related problems: Asians had a higher prevalence of heroin use (OR 2.06, CI95%1.14-3.73). In particular Georgians had high prevalence rates of illicit drug use (56.2%, CI95% 42.2-70.3). A quarter of them used heroin (27.1%; CI95% 14.5-39.7) and 31.2% cocaine (CI95% 18.1-44.4). Detainees from North-Africa/Middle-East were more likely to use benzodiazepines (OR 1.81; CI95% 1.38-2.37), cocaine (OR 1.5, CI95% 1.13-2.01) and alcohol (OR 1.48; CI95% 1.16-1.87). Lower rates were found for Eastern Europeans for cannabis (OR 0.67; CI95% 0.49-0.92) and alcohol misuse (OR 0.69; CI95% 0.51-0.92).
This study is the first to detail the wide range of health problems among detainees in a Swiss remand prison. Illicit drug use (40.2%) and mental health problems (32.6%) were frequent in this mainly migrant population, but most of these detainees (57.6%) required care for common primary care problems, such as skin (27.0%), infectious diseases (23.5%), musculoskeletal (19.2%), injury related (18.3%), digestive (15.0%) or respiratory problems (14.0%). Until recently Switzerland lacked national comparative data concerning health problems in primary care. With the advent of electronic medical records this is slowly changing. A recent publication provides data about ICPC-2 coded electronic medical records of 24 Swiss GPs concerning 29'398 doctor-patient encounters. Main reasons for encounter were musculoskeletal (21%), circulatory (19%), respiratory (9%) and endocrine, metabolic and nutritional disorders (8%) . Prevalence data in our study were different for most health problems (with the exception of musculoskeletal disorders). This adds value to our findings in highlighting the extent to which primary care services in prison may differ from those provided to the general population. Our findings are consistent with findings in Britain  and Belgium , where detainees consulted 3 to 3.8 times more frequently compared to the age-and sex-adjusted general population. Main ICPC-2 code groups in the Belgium study were the same as in ours. Nearly 70% of detainees in our study had consultations with a primary care physician. The high need for primary care services in prison can be explained by the accumulation of negative social determinants of health which contributes to a high burden of disease [2, 4, 17] but also by improved access to health care services in prison as well as the prison culture. For example, self-medication is usually forbidden in prison. Prisoners therefore have few opportunities to resort to self-care and are more likely to request medical help even for simple complaints .
Publications concerning US jail inmates report the following most frequent medical problems: arthritis (13-20%), hypertension (11-21%), asthma (10-24%), heart problems (5.9-11%), hepatitis (2.6-10%) and diabetes (2.7-6.5%) [5, 18] Gender differences were observed with higher burden of chronic medical disorders, psychiatric disorders and drug dependence in women compared to men . Our study identified higher burden of psychiatric disorders in women, an equal burden of somatic health problems in both groups and a higher burden of drug dependence in men. Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension (3.5%) and diabetes (1.2%) appear to be less frequent in the population involved in our study. As blood pressure was checked among all prisoners during the initial nurse evaluation, measurement bias is unlikely to explain the low proportion of hypertension in our study. In addition our findings in relation to hypertension and diabetes are well in line with population data in Switzerland, suggesting that, with the exception of tobacco cessation counseling, these detainees may have little need for cardiovascular preventive care.
Our study identified prevalence rates ≥10 times those found in the general population for tuberculosis (0.2% vs. 0.006% ), HCV infection (5.7% vs. 0.7-1%  and heroin use (12.3% vs. 0.7%). Worldwide, TB-notification rates are found to be 14.9 times higher in prisoners compared to civilians, in Western Europe TB-notification rates are 8.1-times higher . The high rates of infectious diseases and particularly of tuberculosis are related to risk factors which aggregate in prison: low socioeconomic status, intravenous drug use, homelessness, lack of access community based health care as well as the origin of high TB-incidence countries [22, 23]. Our findings highlight the vulnerability of detainees to TB and other infectious diseases and stress the need for effective screening and containment measures in prison . The frequency of common health problems such as dyslipidemia, back pain, or epigastralgia was well in line with that observed in the general Swiss population [24–26]. Asthma was less frequently reported than in prison settings in the US, UK or Australia [18, 23], but in accordance with general population data of Switzerland .
Most psychiatric disorders were observed more frequently than in the general population. However, the proportion of detainees with psychiatric disorders was low compared to available data from the literature where prevalence rates of up to 65% for personality disorder (including 47% with antisocial personality) were found [23, 28]. Several reasons may explain these findings. First, the health problems were identified by general practitioners and not by specialists. The ICPC-2 tool favors the identification of symptoms and complaints where diagnoses are not available and is particularly adapted for ambulatory settings in primary care. Second, we did not systematically use a diagnostic screening interview which explains why certain diagnoses were less prevalent in our study than usually described in the literature. This appears to be particularly true for long lasting problems such as personality disorders compared with acutely symptomatic mental disorders. Third, remand detainees differ from the local Swiss population regarding several socio-demographic characteristics, all of which are relevant for the prevalence, course and outcome of most mental disorders. More specifically, compared with the general Swiss population, detainees included in our study were younger, more often foreign born and with lower socioeconomic status. However, in order to allow for a broad comparison, ranges of prevalence mentioned in the DSM-IV  for specific disorders are presented in Table 3.
Our findings in relation to the high rates of heroin, cocaine and benzodiazepine use were well in range with those from previous studies, both in the US and in Europe [30–33]. That 40.2% detainees used at least one illicit drug at entry highlights the need for general practitioners (GP) working in detention to be well trained in addiction medicine. Offering adequate care to detainees who suffer from drug addiction is an important priority. It is particularly important to implement harm reduction strategies, such as opioid substitution treatment which has been shown to be a powerful tool to: 1. decrease the level of injecting, 2. prevent the transmission of blood-borne viruses, 3. prevent drug-related prison violence and crime following release as well as recidivism [30, 34]. Furthermore, excessive use of alcohol (34.8%) and tobacco (61.5%) requires particular attention. Smoking rates were more than twice as high as in the general population in Switzerland where 32% of men and 23.8% of women smoked in 2007 . Smoking is highly problematic in confined institutions as exposure to passive smoking is almost inevitable for everyone: inmates, prison officers and health professionals.
A challenge for the GP working in prison is continuity of care. Disease management requires good coordination with different health services before and after imprisonment. This is particularly important for medical management of infectious diseases such as hepatitis which is more prevalent in prison compared to the general population . Fifty-six percent of iv drug users in Switzerland are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) . Our study identified hepatitis C in 15.4% of those who reported using either heroin or cocaine on admission compared to 0.8% who denied use of illicit drugs. Vescio showed in a meta-analysis that HCV sero-prevalence in prison is closely related to the proportion of iv drug users in prison who are found to have a 24 times higher risk of HCV infection . We identified highest sex- and age-adjusted opiate-consumption rates in Asians. These findings are concordant with international prevalence studies which confirm high rates of opiate and intravenous drug use in Asia. This region represents almost one-quarter of people who inject drugs worldwide . In particular Georgia has one of the highest intravenous drug use rates worldwide (4.2% of 15-64 year olds), compared to Switzerland where 0.65% of 15-64 year olds inject drugs . Georgians in our sample had high prevalence rates of HCV infection which were four times higher than the average (20.8% vs 5.7%). High rates of hepatitis C in this sample, even in the absence of a systematic screening policy, confirm the need to develop such a policy in our setting, and country of origin could serve as a rough decision-making criterion for ordering additional health screening. Imprisonment has to be considered as an opportunity to provide medical care and preventive measures to this hard-to-reach population. Furthermore, hepatitis C treatment is proven cost-effective in prison settings  but can only be effective if the prison health services and particularly the GP is able to achieve continuity of care.
Following systematic screening upon admission, alleged violence from the authorities was reported by 8% of detainees. Our health service has set-up a system for reporting these alleged violent events to a state ombudsman in order to favor a reduction in unethical behavior in law enforcement state services.
In the absence of systematic screening policies in our institution, the identification of problems such as STI, AIDS, hepatitis and psychiatric illnesses was based on clinical evaluation and/or patient requests for tests. This may have led to underestimations of the frequency of these health problems. Yet, our primary aim was not to provide precise prevalence data but to offer data on frequently encountered health problems in order to inform prison healthcare services development. Even if our findings provide conservative estimates of prevalence rates, they underline the high morbidity in this population in particular in relation to addiction and infectious diseases but also in relation to more common health problems seen in general practice. That all detainees underwent a health evaluation and were systematically referred to the physician when a medical problem was identified adds strength to the notion that, despite its limitations, our study provides a comprehensive picture of the health status of this population.
Another limitation was that data were extracted retrospectively by only one coder, a primary care physician who had not necessarily been involved in the care of each of the patients. Errors in coding, however, were minimized by setting strict rules for coding at the initiation of the study. Doubts were discussed and resolved in regular meetings with the research team. Finally, we studied a single facility in one country. Thus our findings may not necessarily be generaliseable to other detention centers in other countries. Yet we hypothesize that the health profile described here would be comparable in other detention centers where the sociodemographic profile corresponds to that described here. The study population was similar to that of other pre-trial prisons in Switzerland, which are also characterized by high proportions of migrants (81.4%) and males (94%) . Factors contributing to the high rates of incarceration in migrants include high rates of illegal migration throughout Europe, the lower socio-economic status of this group and the fact that they are less likely to be granted a bail sentence. The high proportion of foreigners in Swiss jails underlines the need for culturally-sensitive approaches and non-stigmatizing attitudes towards this vulnerable population.
Strengths of the study include the large sample size including inmates of both genders. Information was gathered on all inmates present in the detention facility over an entire year. The use of the ICPC-2 coding system allowed us to capture the full range of health needs for which these inmates could benefit from primary care services upon admission and during their incarceration.
The wide range of health problems that were identified in this prison population highlights the need for GP working in prison to acquire skills in many domains, including general internal medicine, addiction medicine, psychiatry and language- and culturally-appropriate communication with patients. Prison health services and prison authorities should carefully assess the possibilities for strengthening self-care options in prison in order to reduce the burden of self-limited illnesses on primary care services. For many inmates, contact with the prison health service is their first ever opportunity to meet a health professional. Addressing the health needs of these prisoners through well coordinated psychiatric and primary care services offers an opportunity to reach-out to this hard-to-reach vulnerable population in the interest of their individual health and of public health.
International Classification of Primary Care
Opioid Substitution Treatment
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The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/11/245/prepub
The authors would like to thank staff at the prison health unit of Champ-Dollon as well as to Carmen Ruffino for their support throughout the project.
This study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva ("Mimosa Fund").
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
HW participated in the study design and its coordination, the interpretation of the data, and drafted the manuscript. PS, DMH and GN participated in the study design, its coordination, the interpretation of the data, and gave critical contribution to the manuscript. BC participated in the study design, performed the statistical analysis, participated in the interpretation of the data and gave critical contribution to the manuscript. AE participated in the interpretation of the data, and gave critical contribution to the manuscript. DB participated in the study design, its coordination, data collection, the interpretation of the data, and gave critical contribution to the manuscript. LG participated in the literature review, interpretation of the data, and gave critical contribution to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Wolff, H., Sebo, P., Haller, D.M. et al. Health problems among detainees in Switzerland: a study using the ICPC-2 classification. BMC Public Health 11, 245 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-245

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BRUNO WEBER’S WEINREBENPARK
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William Morris, first design for Snakeshead pattern and final fabric, 1876-77. Cotton, dyed and block-printed. England. Birmingham Museums
Based on the Fritillaria meleagris, a plant of the lily family that grows wild in some British meadows. Snakeshead also draws upon the colouring and patterning of Indian textiles.Manufactured for Morris & Co. Source
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Use only sharp, clean pruning shears and make slanting cuts about 1/4 inch above a growth bud. Aside from sun, food, and water essentials, one thing you can do to turn your climbing roses into prolific bloomers is proper pruning. New roses have to compete with older roses that have a stronger root base, so the new plants won't get the nutrition they need to grow strong. One trick to make climbing roses produce more bloom is to train them more laterally than vertically. In general, lighter colored climbing roses will be more tolerant to shade the darker-colored roses. Pruning is only necessary once a year after the plants have been established. These roses bloom more than once per season and generally bloom on new wood. and spread almost as wide. They are great for bringing a vertical accent to the garden, covering walls and fences, or growing over pergolas and arches. Or plant the roses in an area that has rich, loamy soil with good drainage. Plant your climbing rose in moist but well-drained, fertile soil. To protect the canes of climbers, either wrap the canes together by bundling something like straw on the outside for insulation or remove the canes from their trellis or support and lay them on the ground. Take care not to injure new growth. Photo/Illustration: Paul Zimmerman Roses. The canes of climbing roses can also be laid on the ground and covered with approximately 6 inches of garden soil to protect them for the winter. There are many wonderful climbing roses to choose from, both old and new. This will improve drainage in heavy clay soils and improve water retention in sandy soils. If possible, allow your roses to grow horizontally, than vertically, as they will produce more flowers. One of the best ways to buy climbing roses are as bareroot plants. Climbers need little or no pruning the first two years. If it has been pruned back each year like hybrid teas and other shrub roses then bloom production will be minimal. Plant climbers in an area that receives plenty of sun. Prune off overgrowth on climbing roses and tie securely to structures to prevent top-heavy canes from breaking in the wind. Winter protection should be gradually removed beginning in late March or early April when new growth begins. Pruning Roses by Type. They can make a dramatic addition to a landscape. How you water is as important as the frequency. Climbing roses are a great way to add new dimension--and height--to your yard or garden. Most climbing roses do best in full sun, but some are more tolerant of shade. In the spring, remove any dead wood, weak canes and any canes to avoid overcrowding or crossing. A fence full of climbing roses takes 3-5 years to mature and fill in. Pruning Roses for Winter. At this time, remove small, twiggy canes and old, woody, less vigorous canes at the base of the plant in favor of the young, vigorous canes that are long and flexible. Do not prune climbing roses for the first 2 to 3 years. Getting the most from your Climbing Roses. To get the most out of your climbing roses, here are a few simple tips to assure an abundance of bloom and enjoyment in your garden: Roses do best in full sun. Backfill any gaps with the soil mix you made earlier but do not pack the soil too tightly around the new rose. Also, cover the base of the plant with soil or mulch. To keep roses healthy, avoid wetting the foliage. Fertilize regularly with a balanced fertilizer that provides ample amounts of all the necessary nutrients. They are typically easier to care for and more vigorous than other roses. Many gardeners prune their climbing roses, for maintenance and … Protect climbing roses in the winter if you live in an area where temperatures frequently get and stay below freezing. This is the time to prune the canes on all the rose bushes, except the climbing roses, down to … They are typically easier to care for and more vigorous than other roses. Copyright © 1997-2020, J&P Park Acquisitions, Inc. Seek advice from a specialist rose nursery if you’re looking for a climbing rose for shade, the will have a few options for you. Photo/Illustration: Paul Zimmerman Roses A fence full of climbing roses takes 3-5 years to mature and fill in. They need something sturdy that they can be loosely secured to or woven through. Offer valid for first time registrants only. Fall and Winter Care of Roses. Pruning Roses for Winter. Patience is the key! If you have grown roses before, understand that caring for climbing roses is not exactly the same as caring for other types of roses. Like other climbing roses, the Don Juan variety doesn't need much care after it's become a developed and established plant. Climbing roses are a great way to add new dimension--and height--to your yard or garden. Newer climbers tend to produce larger blooms and more of them throughout the growing season. When trained on an arbor they can create a dazzling entry to other parts of the garden. Roses do best with the equivalent of 1” of rainfall per week during the growing season. Their size and habit allows them to be used as an architectural feature. No matter what soil is in your garden it can be improved with the addition of organic matter such as compost, mulch or peat moss. Climbers can be trained on a fence or trellis> to provide screening or garden walls. Cut back the stem to a leaflet or a bud with 5 leaves. These tend to be quite high in nitrogen. Also, pick a site that will accommodate the climber's growth habit. Prune roses once they are at least 3 to 4 years old. Climbing roses do not have tendrils or suckers like vines, so they require external supports to grow vigorous.
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That Turkish Empire is about to fall, dynasties Karađorđević and Obrenović to emerge, and telegraph, telephone and television to come to Serbia are just some of the events which were foreseen by Serbian prophets- Tarabić family.
Among thick, green hills of the two mountain beauties Zlatibor and Tara, there is a mystical pit of a magical beauty and undescribable energy. In the 19th century, this soil exactly, was inhabited by a family whose predictions and wise thoughts are still hot topics. Spasoje Trabić and his four sons, Miloš, Sava, Lazar and Milan had predicted numerous events- some of them had happened, and for some people still wait to happen.
There are few explanations about the magical power of prediction Tarabići are known for. The most expanded one is based on the Kremna stone or the Cosmic ball. That is, it is believed that once upon a time, this village was flooded by millions of stones from the space which had radiated with the energy that causes the clairvoyance. One smooth stone ball is kept and is settled in Prophet’s home, near the village.
Even more important things than how and why Tarabić family was clairvoyant are events that they had foreseen and how much had their thoughts influenced the lives of future generations. According to the traditional legends, this family had always been respected by the residents of Kremna and surrounding places. One of them seeked the advice from them, other wanted them to explain them certain events, while some of them just wanted to listen wise thoughts of Kremna’s prophets.
The most famous members of the family were Miloš and Mitar. Some sources tell that other prophets had also lived in this village and that their prophecies were also very realistic. However, Tarabić family was and still is the most famous and most accepted one. Their general acceptance reflects in the great number of correct prophecies but also in the wise thoughts of a simple Serbian farmer that had simply and picturesquely shown the reality.
That is exactly what makes these prophets unique. They had explained and foreseen some of the key events in the 19th and 20th century in a language that everyone could understand and decode. Starting with the, unthinkable at the time, downfall of the Royal Dynasty Obrenović, to a prediction that the throne will again be occupied by the Karađorđević family. Predictions had simply started to actualize one after another and that was when the entire Balkans had heard about Tarabić family.
“After the assassination of King and Queen Obrenović, Serbian throne will be taken by Karađorđević family once again. That’s when we will start a war with Turks again. Four Christian countries will attack Turkey and our border will be set at Lim River. Then we will again be able to recover and revenge our Kosovo”.
Tarabić family had foreseen the coming of telegraph, telephone and television to Serbia during the time when that was hard to imagine. Another prediction unusual for that time is related to the building of Kremna Railroad. Three decades before “Ćira” is about to go down the Shargan Eight, Mitar Tarabić had foreseen that “through the Gypsy area will pass the iron way with the iron, fire car that will always stop at the place where the Gypsy tents are ”.
Prophecies about Balkan War, World War I and II are also well known. Events that followed the Second Great War were explained to the details and very authentic: “… People with the star on the forehead will appear. They will rule Užice and these areas for exactly 73 days, and after that, before the enemy force, they will go across Drina, Uvac and Lim. When that happens, a great hunger will appear so Serbs will start wars, slaughter and murder each other. The conquering army will watch our hate and will laugh at us. A man, with blue eyes, on a white horse, will appear amongst people. The star will shine on his forehead. The enemy will hunt him accros the country. He will gather a strong army and set Belgrade free. He will push the enemy out and our kingdom will be larger than ever. Russia will make a pact with other across the sea countries, burn the swastika and set the slaved people of Europe free…“
Predictions of Josif Broz Tito’s coming to power, formation of numerous modern organizations and other key events that have marked the 20th century were also written down. Still, some of Tarabić family’s foresights have not come true until today. For example, Kruševac is still not a capital of Serbia, neither a salt mine was opened near Bajina Bašta with whose formation, according to them, Serbia should get better.
Predictions of Tarabić family were written down by their godfather Zaharije Zaharić. According to the beliefs, the original records were put in a bottle and walled into the base of a house in Užice.
Majority of their foresights hadn’t had exact dates, but they said “When it will be, will be”, “It’ll happen soon”, etc. Because of that, people await some of them, and for some is known that they won’t ever come true. Either way, if you end up on the road between Zlatibor and Tara, stop by Kremna. Besides the magnificent nature, you will bump into the house of old prophets, and maybe into some secret prophecy because there are plenty of them in this small village.
Village Kremna you can find it on Google maps >>HERE<<
Near Kremna is a biker friendly “ZIP caping” check it out here

domain: history


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Melissa Harris-Perry hated the film The Help. You can see her memorably scathing, outraged review here. This morning, ahead of the Oscar’s, she had a really illuminating segment on the real history of African American women domestic workers, the economic and sexual exploitation they have suffered, their role in the Civil Rights Movement, and the disservices that the acclaimed blockbuster movie did them.
Here is the Amazon description of McElya’s book:
When Aunt Jemima beamed at Americans from the pancake mix box on grocery shelves, many felt reassured by her broad smile that she and her product were dependable. She was everyone’s mammy, the faithful slave who was content to cook and care for whites, no matter how grueling the labor, because she loved them. This far-reaching image of the nurturing black mother exercises a tenacious hold on the American imagination.
Micki McElya examines why we cling to mammy. She argues that the figure of the loyal slave has played a powerful role in modern American politics and culture. Loving, hating, pitying, or pining for mammy became a way for Americans to make sense of shifting economic, social, and racial realities. Assertions of black people’s contentment with servitude alleviated white fears while reinforcing racial hierarchy. African American resistance to this notion was varied but often placed new constraints on black women.


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domain: design


I still remember the first time I heard “Magic Doors,” and realized that Portishead had somehow managed to refine its sound from the cliche of Trip Hop, and yet remain emotionally consistent with everything that had come before. There is such sorrow and melancholy in this track; it’s not just Beth Gibbons’ voice, or the words she’s singing (“I can’t deny or hide from me/I don’t know who I’m meant to be”). Is it the constantly-downward synthetic strings, or the finality of the piano when it appears? I don’t know; whereas earlier Portishead had a retro cool to it, this song – and a lot of Third, the album it comes from – is purposefully dissonant and awkward in its beauty. The opening tone that crashes into the drums… It’s utterly compelling, but somehow difficult to listen to at the same time. You struggle through this song, in a way, but in such a way that the entire thing feels curiously enriching nonetheless.
It’s been years since I’ve really listened to “Glory Box,” probably the biggest hit from Portishead’s first album Dummy; it was one of those songs that I was convinced I had over-heard, that I was too used to from listening to the album endlessly when it came out, and then the single came out and it was everywhere… But it’s playing in the cafe that I’m sitting in right now, and it sounds much sharper, much less bloated and self-obsessed than I remembered it. It’s as if I had replaced the original – with Beth Gibbons’ voice cracking with emotion and the retro guitar twanging shamelessly, not quite a cliche just yet, months and countless rip-offs yet to come – with some idea of what it sounded like.
There are some songs that I wish I could hear for the first time all the time; relive the thrill of that first listen, the zigging when I expected a zag, or whatever, and be surprised and impressed every single time. This is definitely one of them; it was worth ignoring the song for years to hear it again as if it was, if not the first, then surely not the one hundredth, time.


Airline Weekly Lounge Is on Hiatus
We’re taking a short break to retool the Airline Weekly Lounge podcast. When we return, you’ll get the same exclusive insights and great conversation along with new guests and a new host. Expect insightful conversations and deeper analysis of that week’s aviation news and developments.
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He comes from years of manufacturing. Messages sent to two different cell phones belonging to Davis requesting comment were not returned.
The committee will then evaluate the applying businesses on factors such as economic impact, strength of business plan and proximity to churches or schools, Rasmussen says. Davis has two delinquent tax warrants for payroll withholdings filed in Milwaukee County in by the Department of Revenue, according to court records. To an outsider, WIP looks like forward motion, such as a cylinder sawed, polished and ready for welding.
Vendors visited Crostini two or three times a week asking about unpaid bills or checks that had bounced, Oertel says. Oertel says he plans to seek help from the Department of Workforce Development to help the unpaid employees. He comes from years of manufacturing.
Messages sent to two different cell phones belonging to Davis requesting comment were not returned. No employees received their last paycheck, which should have been due Friday, Oertel says. He comes from years of manufacturing. We are getting more done with less.
Kraft was the first person from JARP to take the lean accounting focus within the lean operations program. Offering faster delivery gives customers flexibility so they can order closer to their own assembly date. I was expecting to learn how to do things faster, but not necessarily differently. No employees received their last paycheck, which should have been due Friday, Oertel says.
He comes from years of manufacturing. The committee will then evaluate the applying businesses on factors such as economic impact, strength of business plan and proximity to churches or schools, Rasmussen says. But to an accountant, WIP looks like money spent — for labor, overhead and material — on something that is not ready to be sold.
Posted by: Sagrel | on October 2, 2012
Deppiesse sold his Stevens Point business Indulgence Wine Bar and moved his inventory to Crostini to partner with Davis, Deppiesse says, but on paper that arrangement was never finalized because Davis stalled on the paperwork. He understands my position, and the challenges of survival in manufacturing. Single piece flow heeds a core precept of lean operations — the need to free up the flow of material, says course leader Jeffrey Oelke at Engineering Professional Development at UW—Madison.
The space likely will reopen soon under a new name and operator. He comes from years of manufacturing.
Wqusau figured his Guys Point determination Rapid Cheese Bar and wausau craigs his originate to Crostini to site with Davis, Deppiesse exceptions, but on everlasting that concentration was never discovered because Davis expected on the wausau craigs. Vendors expected Crostini two or three leads a week pin about unpaid bills or circles that had bounced, Oertel toys.
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1479 Fruitvale Ave consists of 51 Apartments and 3 ground floor commercial spaces facing the street. 1465-1467 Fruitvale Ave consists of 4 ground floor commercial spaces facing the street. On the backside of both of these parcels there is a 27-space outdoor parking lot with a secure gate. Both parcels must be sold together. All the commercial spaces are leased and the apartments have significant rental upside as does the building. The building is master metered but there is a separate circuit breaker panel in each apartment making it a real value add to install separate electric meters. With an 800 amp vault box, there is plenty of power to service the electric appliances and the heat to the apartments. The vacancy factor for the building was low during the pandemic and very stable today. The vacancies in the building now are only vacant because of the remodeling that is needed. Being 2 blocks to BART, this rental location is very desirable.


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Headlines about Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV (NYSE:ASR) have trended somewhat positive on Friday, according to Accern Sentiment Analysis. The research firm identifies positive and negative media coverage by monitoring more than 20 million blog and news sources. Accern ranks coverage of publicly-traded companies on a scale of -1 to 1, with scores nearest to one being the most favorable. Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV earned a media sentiment score of 0.21 on Accern’s scale. Accern also assigned news coverage about the transportation company an impact score of 45.5767089892601 out of 100, indicating that recent media coverage is somewhat unlikely to have an impact on the company’s share price in the near term.
Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV (NYSE:ASR) traded down $0.16 during trading on Friday, hitting $188.31. 62,010 shares of the company were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 72,967. The company has a quick ratio of 1.83, a current ratio of 1.83 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.41. Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV has a 52 week low of $131.72 and a 52 week high of $229.45. The firm has a market cap of $5,680.00, a P/E ratio of 24.20, a PEG ratio of 4.99 and a beta of 0.60.
A number of research analysts recently issued reports on ASR shares. Zacks Investment Research downgraded shares of Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV from a “strong-buy” rating to a “hold” rating in a research report on Wednesday, September 20th. UBS Group upgraded shares of Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV from a “sell” rating to a “neutral” rating in a research report on Friday, October 13th. Finally, downgraded shares of Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV from a “buy” rating to a “hold” rating in a research report on Tuesday, October 3rd. One research analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, seven have issued a hold rating and one has given a buy rating to the stock. The company currently has an average rating of “Hold” and an average target price of $213.00.
TRADEMARK VIOLATION NOTICE: “Somewhat Favorable Press Coverage Somewhat Unlikely to Impact Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV (ASR) Share Price” was reported by Stock Observer and is owned by of Stock Observer. If you are reading this piece on another domain, it was illegally stolen and reposted in violation of United States and international copyright legislation. The original version of this piece can be accessed at https://www.thestockobserver.com/2018/01/12/somewhat-favorable-press-coverage-somewhat-unlikely-to-impact-grupo-aeroportuario-dl-srst-sab-cv-asr-share-price.html.
Grupo Aeroportuario dl Srst SAB CV Company Profile
Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste SAB de CV (ASUR) is a Mexico-based holding company. It and its subsidiaries hold concessions to operate, maintain and develop approximately nine airports in the southeast region of Mexico, as well as over 10 airports in Colombia. The Company operates through segments, including Cancun airport and subsidiaries (Cancun), the Villahermosa Airport (Villahermosa), the Merida airport (Merida) and Services.
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