Alibaba.com offers 3,230 cement refractory products. A wide variety of cement refractory options are available to you, such as processing service, shape, and material.
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Cement manufacturing plant includes cement equipment such as cement crusher, cement ball mill, rotary kiln, cement dryer, cement roller press, and other cement plant equipment for cement production. ... AGICO Cement is a cement plant manufacturer with production capacity of 30,000 tons of equipments and structure parts and 20,000 tons of ...Read More
3.This iron ore slurry is pumped to the agitation tank. This iron ore slurry is finally pumped to the flotation machine with the fine sulfide ore (~-0.074 mm) going to froth flotation cells for recovery of iron. 4.In magnetite processing plant,the process of flotation separation is replaced by magnetic separation.Read More
simple hard rocks crushing plant flowchart simple hard rocks crushing plants flowchart simple hard rocks crushing plants flowchart Crushing Plant Design and Lay Jump to content Welcome to HIP Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd. Looking forward to your joining!Read More
Here we are going to show you some of the process equipments for sale that featured by our reliable suppliers and manufacturers, such as Maize Corn Grain Grinder Machine. We will do everything we can just to keep every buyer updated with this highly competitive industry & factory and its latest trends.Read More
Metso Outotec grinding mill parts Metso Outotec has a proven history of designing, manufacturing, and servicing grinding mills and components. Our extensive range of global expertise allows us to be a flexible service partner.Read More
Vertical Roller Mill. Automatic control system makes remote control, low noise, and integrate sealing device stop dust spill and pollute the environment. ... vertical roller mill optimization . ... Market of Mineral Grinding Machine Made In ThailandSupplier of Mineral Grinding Machine Made In Thailand summed World Market of Mineral Grinding ...Read More
Belt conveyors keep the position of conveyed items stable as they move, are less likely to jostle or bump fragile items than other types of conveyors, and can support irregularly shaped items. Conveyor support stands, conveyor hardware, conveyor brushes, and conveyor guides are used to install conveyors, support conveyors, and direct material ...Read More
cement crusher manufacturers Germany AS a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling equipment, we offer advanced, rational solutions for any size-reduction requirements, including quarry, aggregate, grinding production and complete stone crushing plant. We also supply individual crushers and mills as well as spare parts of them.Read More
You'll LOVE our Idli Rava by Rani Brand®--Here's Why: 100% Natural, No preservatives, Non-GMO, Gluten Free PREMIUM Gourmet Food Grade Flour. Rani is a USA based company selling spices for over 30 years, buy with confidence! Net Wt. 2lbs (908g), Authentic Indian Product, Alternate Names:Rice, Idli Rava PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Net Wt. 2lbs (32oz) Product of India Packaging: Plastic Bag ...Read More
Aug 14, 2018 Mineral jigs are a type of mining equipment, also referred to as gravity concentrators or jig c o ncentrators, that are used in operations to separate different ore materials based on their ...Read More
Reduce the volume of disposable glass containers up to 95% us-ing a glass crusher. These models crush glass into recyclable cul-let. Ideal for bottling plants, processing facilities and ware-houses. Some models may be used as a steel and aluminum can crusher as …Read More
The Working Principle of Ball Mill: This machine is a skeleton pattern ball mill with horizontal cylindrical turning gear, drive by outer gear and two hoppers. The material goes to the first hopper after the spiraling by the quill shaft from the feeding equipment.Read More
Cement is not only a huge business, with annual revenues in the hundreds of billions of dollars, it is also considered a vital oil in fast-growing economies and emerging markets.Read More
Top 7 best wet grinder for Indian cooking with coconut scrapper, traditional stone from famous brands like Butterfly, Preethi and Lakshmi. Read More. ... Check Price on Amazon. 4. Vidiem Wet Grinder (White and Green) WGST303.Read More
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Hydrous kaolin is characterized by its fine particle size, plate-like or lamellar particle shape and chemical inertness. Metakaolin is manufactured by the calcination of kaolin to form an amorphous pozzolanic white mineral additive for use in cement based products.Read More
coal mill in power plant pyrite - rudradevelopers.co.in. ... Coal crushing machine and grinding mill for processing plant ... 13 Dec 2012 ... What type of small machine used for crushing coal in power plant 25 ton per day for sale ... coal crusher mining equipment in nigeria for sale.Read More
Europe Crusher Plants Europe Crusher Plants Manufacturers. Crushing plantsach cone crusher is completely takenrices quoteone crushers manufactures in europequipment lines aggregate manufacturing internationals one of the astec companies, designs, manufacturers, markets andincluding jaw crushers, cone crushers, impact cone crusher cases europethe first cone crusher crusher.Read More
In spite of the wide use of stone columns and their development in construction methods, present design methods are empirical, and only limited information about designing stone columns are available in technical codes. The stone column technique was adopted in European countries in the early 1960s. Stone columns in compressive loads failRead More
Feb 16, 2015 A Mixing Mill With Stock Blender and Hydraulically Operated Mill Guides. February 16, 2015 by Prasanth Warrier Leave a comment. Share With Your Network Here: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window)Read More
price of gold ore stamp mill in zimbabwe. SAM is a professional manufacturer and exporter of mining equipment, such as: crushing plant, mobile crushers, grinding mill machine, feeding & conveyor, screening & washing, beneficiation equipment, price of gold ore stamp mill in zimbabwe, etc.Read More
Buy and sell locally. Craigslist has listings for tools - by owner in the Corpus Christi, TX area. Browse photos and search by condition, price, and more.Read More
Refractory Materials For Sale
Rongsheng Refractory Materials Company. If you need any kind of refractory materials for sale, please contact Rongsheng Kiln Refractory Company.The refractory materials for sale in Rongsheng Kiln Refractory Company are popular and sold both domestically and internationally, exporting to India, Vietnam, Korea, Russia, Pakistan, Iran, etc. RS company will make the high quality and best price ...Read More
China Refractory Plant, China Refractory Plant ...
A wide variety of refractory plant options are available to you, such as ceramic, fiberglass. You can also choose from glazed, hand carved. As well as from free samples. There are 7,343 refractory plant suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country or region is China, which supply 100% of refractory plant respectively. Refractory ...Read More
Cement Plant Refractories Supplier India
Wholesale Trader of Cement Plant Refractories Supplier India - High Alumina Refractory Cement offered by Ess Ess Ceratech, Faridabad, Haryana. Send Email Call 08048412602 79% Response RateRead More
Refractory Fire Bricks | Kiln Building Fire Brick
Refractory shapes include precast cement and fused or sintered refractory products that are formed prior to installation in furnaces, boilers or other high temperature equipment. Refractories are hard, heat resistant materials and products such as alumina, silicon carbide, fire clay, bricks, precast shapes, cement or monolithics and ceramic ...Read More
Kiln In Cement Plant – Cement Rotary Kiln &Amp; Vertical Shaft ...
The cement vertical shaft kiln produced by AGICO uses high-quality refractories. Under normal circumstances, it can be used for 6-10 years. Under normal circumstances, it can be used for 6-10 years. Secondly, the shaft kiln we produced covers a small area.Read More
Refractories For The Cement Industry | Prasunjit Sengupta ...
It describes how to characterize the refractory material and select refractories for various equipments in the cement plant. The author explains refractory installation, in general, and the rotary kiln specifically, as it is distinct from static furnaces used in metallurgical or process industries.Read More
Cheap Fire Bricks For Sale From Rs Group Refractory …
Fire bricks for sale, also called firebrick or shaped refractory material, is a kind of refractory material which possesses certain sizes and shapes. Shaped refractory materials generally refer to refractory bricks, which have standard rules in shape, and can be temporarily processed during construction as required. Fire block is mainly used in ...Read More
High Temperature Tools &Amp; Refractory | Castable Refractory
High Temperature Tools & Refractory is your source for refractory and other knifemaking supplies. We specialize in high temperature tools and refractory for forges, kilns, and heat treating applications. We have been serving the needs of industry, small business, and the individual craftsman since 1999.Read More
Proper Refractory Mixing
Good refractory practices are necessary to achieve proper refractory installation. It all begins with mixing. As discussed in the article “The Lost Art of Mixing Refractory,” published in the February 2008 issue of Insulation Outlook, it is common to find workers without previous experience mixing refractory at power plants.. If the workers installing the refractory have limited experience ...Read More
Refractory Bricks For Sale Turkey
Jul 23, 2018 Refractory Bricks For Sale Turkey July 23, 2018 July 6, 2018 by cheapfirebricks On November 9th, 2016, RS company received the construction design requirements for the power plant kiln of Turkey customers.Read More
Cement Made With Volcanic Ash Can Make Cities Stronger And ...
Producing cement is a hugely energy intensive process that accounts for around five percent of global CO2 emissions, so scientists are continually searching for greener ways of doing things.Read More
High Grade Refractories,Monolithic,Cement For Cement ...
Refractory has developed products keeping in mind energy savings and plants with high specific output for the lime industry. UNSHAPED REFRACTORY PRODUCTS ( MONOLITHICS) In constant efforts to intensify customer services and improve products, Refratechnik have developed innovative refractory concrete grades. These refractory concretes are state ...Read More
A B S Refractories Pvt.Ltd.
ABS PRODUCT RANGE: We offer a wide variety of Refractories from fireclay shapes and high Alumina bricks (36 to 95%Al2O3 ), Mullite and Alumina Zircon bricks to the entire range of Monolithics i.e. high cement, low cement , ultra low cement, no cement and self flow castables, confirming to ASTM, DIN, GOST and ISI specification .Read More
Advanced Rotary Kiln For Cement,Lime,Iron Ore Pellets ...
Advanced Rotary Kiln For Cement,Lime,Iron Ore Pellets,Refractories,Titanium Dioxide,Alumina,Vermiculite,Metakaolinby Henan Zhong , Find Complete Details about Advanced Rotary Kiln For Cement,Lime,Iron Ore Pellets,Refractories,Titanium Dioxide,Alumina,Vermiculite,Metakaolinby Henan Zhong,Rotary Kiln Used In Metallurgy,Cement Plant Dry Process Rotary Kiln,Rotary Kiln For Sale …Read More
Refractory Bricks, Cement Castable For Kiln
About. Zhengzhou Kerui (Group) Refractory Co., Ltd. is one of leading manufacturers and distributors of high quality refractories for use in industries including steel plants, metallurgical plants, Carbon Plant, cement producers and Lime Kiln.Read More
Aluminum Castable Cement Suppliers
We look forward to serving your business. As one of the most professional aluminum castable cement suppliers in China, we're featured by quality products and competitive price. Please rest assured to buy aluminum castable cement for sale here from our factory.Read More
The Refractories Institute Member
In 2019, Mt. Savage Specialty Refractories continues to be a leader in user friendly, low cement castables and gun mixes, no cement products, as well as a leader in the area of lightweight insulating refractories. The contractor looking for mixed truckloads is well served by the Mt. Savage, Maryland plant.Read More
Harbisonwalker Refractory Products And Solutions
HarbisonWalker International refractory products are time tested against highly corrosive, heat-intensive applications. We can provide consultation on the right product choices, and we offer a breadth of services and support for a variety of technology solutions that work across industries.Read More
Refractory Ceramic Fibres
Raw refractory ceramic fibres are white or gray fibrous materials supplied in bulk fibre, blanket form, or contained in a solid product. [ 2 ] RCFs are produced when raw materials (kaolin clay, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and sometimes ZrO 2 ) are melted, then spun or blown into alumino-silicate fibres with average diameters between 1.2 to 3.5 micrometers ...Read More
Refractories Services srl un’azienda specializzata nella realizzazione, installazione, manutenzione e assistenza tecnicadi rivestimenti refrattari su qualsiasi tipo …Read More
Monolithic Refractories For Metalcasting, Minerals ...
CEMENT / LIME REFRACTORY PRODUCTS From cyclone to cooler for rotary kiln furnaces used by cement and lime manufacturers. URC offers a variety of refractory products designed to conquer the rigid demands of each kiln stage. Read More. FOUNDRY REFRACTORY PRODUCTS Induction melting and holding, high tonnage cupolas, transfer and treatment products ...Read More
Harbisonwalker International Selects Location For New ...
Mar 27, 2017 Moon Township, Pennsylvania – March 27, 2017 – HarbisonWalker International (HWI), the largest supplier of refractory products and services in the U.S., has selected The Point Industrial Park in South Point, Lawrence County, Ohio as the location for construction of its new, state-of-the-art monolithic refractories manufacturing facility. The site is subject to completion of the Read More...Read More
China Luzhong Plant Price Mlj85fh Energy Saving Refractory ...
China Luzhong plant price MLJ85FH energy saving refractory for cement kiln with low density, Find details about China Cement rotary refractory, insulation bricks from Luzhong plant price MLJ85FH energy saving refractory for cement kiln with low density - Zibo Luzhong Refractory Co., Ltd.Read More
Harbisonwalker International Refractory Products: Hwi
Every day around the world, HarbisonWalker International’s people and products stand up to the challenges and pressures of every job. And for over 150 years, we’ve served virtually every industry that needs refractory products to do its job.Read More
Cement Products &Amp; Supply Co., Inc. In Lakeland, Florida
Cement Products & Supply Co., Inc. 516 W. Main St., Lakeland, FL 33815 (863)-686-5141 • Fax (863) 683-2034 Service you can build on since 1912 Founded in 1912, Cement Products & Supply Co., Inc. is the oldest and most respected block producer and masonry supplier in Polk County.Read More
Concrete / Refractory Cement Skulls : 8 Steps (With ...
Concrete / Refractory Cement Skulls: Disclaimer: I am not a professional skull maker. I dabble in a lot of things and sometimes I luck out. In fact I am reminded daily how lucky I am by my wife. This is likely not the ideal mould making tutorial, just something I pulled together at…Read More
How To Mix Perlite And Cement | Hunker
Perlite concrete mixed at a ratio of 1 part cement to 6 parts perlite has an insulation value, or k value, of 0.64 and a compressive strength of 125 to 200 pounds per square inch. At a ratio of 1 part cement to 4 parts perlite, you achieve a k value of 0.83 and compressive strength of 350 to 500 pounds per inch.Read More
Refractory Selection Guide For Cement Industry Applications
Apr 27, 2011 A complete range of refractories for the cement industry is offered by ANH Refractories Europe. These are “Intelligent Refractories” consisting of VERSAFLOW castables and VERSAGUN products, Ultra low cement castables/gun mixes, insulating and dense castables/gun mixes, plastic ramming mixes, rapid cure/rapid heat-up range, and fibre reinforced ceramic composites (F.R.C.C).Read More
Cement &Amp; Lime, Paper
Cement & Lime INTOCAST provides refractory technology specifically optimised to satisfy requirements of customers in the cement and lime industry. In close cooperation with customers, our experts find solutions best suited for the job. Concepts are economically optimised as well as compliant with the relevant environmental regulations.Read More
Mathios Refractories » Cement Industry
Cyclones are the vital part of the preheater in a cement plant. Lower cyclones, in contrast to their upper counterparts, refractories are subject to significantly higher thermal and abrasive loads.For this reason materials with special additives such as zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2), silicon carbide and other ultra-high strength materials are proposed.. The refractory materials offered by MATHIOS ...Read More
Refractory Batch Mixers
(Click on thumbnail to enlarge) At DustMASTER Enviro Systems, we offer a full line of refractory mixers that are designed to hold up to the most extreme industrial environments.Available refractory mixers include our flagship Turbin Mixer XL series as well as horizontal shaft paddle mixers and planetary mixers with motors ranging from 7.5 hp up to 100 hp. Batch style mixers are available ...Read More


text:
Time Limit: 2 Seconds
Memory Limit: 65536 KB
Dogs and Cats are human's friends. But as we all know, when dog and cat live together, they might fight. One day, N people go to the pet shop to buy the pets. They all want to buy one cat and one dog. But some people might be allergic to some cats.
Now the problem comes, how many different reasonable ways can make all the people satisfied. A reasonable way satisfies that the cat and the dog which belong to the same people will not fight and the master is not allergic to his cat.
Input will consist of multiple test cases.
The first line of each case consists of three integers N, M, P(1≤ N, M, P≤ 10). N is the number of people, M is the number of cats, P is the number of dogs. Notice that we use i(1≤ i≤ N) represent the ith people, use i(N+1≤ i≤ N+M) represent the (i-N)th cat, use i(N+M+1≤ i≤ N+M+P) represent the (i-N-M)th dog.
The next line contains an integer Q implies we will give you Q relationships.
In the next Q lines, each line contains two integer x and y, means x and y can't live together.

domain: pet


text:
Cortical Activation Patterns Correlate with Speech Understanding After Cochlear Implantation
Cochlear implants are a standard therapy for deafness, yet the ability of implanted patients to understand speech varies widely. To better understand this variability in outcomes, the authors used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to image activity within regions of the auditory cortex and compare the results to behavioral measures of speech perception.Design:
The authors studied 32 deaf adults hearing through cochlear implants and 35 normal-hearing controls. The authors used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure responses within the lateral temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus to speech stimuli of varying intelligibility. The speech stimuli included normal speech, channelized speech (vocoded into 20 frequency bands), and scrambled speech (the 20 frequency bands were shuffled in random order). The authors also used environmental sounds as a control stimulus. Behavioral measures consisted of the speech reception threshold, consonant-nucleus-consonant words, and AzBio sentence tests measured in quiet.Results:
Both control and implanted participants with good speech perception exhibited greater cortical activations to natural speech than to unintelligible speech. In contrast, implanted participants with poor speech perception had large, indistinguishable cortical activations to all stimuli. The ratio of cortical activation to normal speech to that of scrambled speech directly correlated with the consonant-nucleus-consonant words and AzBio sentences scores. This pattern of cortical activation was not correlated with auditory threshold, age, side of implantation, or time after implantation. Turning off the implant reduced the cortical activations in all implanted participants.Conclusions:
Together, these data indicate that the responses the authors measured within the lateral temporal lobe and the superior temporal gyrus correlate with behavioral measures of speech perception, demonstrating a neural basis for the variability in speech understanding outcomes after cochlear implantation.

domain: health


Starr Instruments DD-100 series analogue dial Durometer is used to test the Shore hardness of many different grades of rubber, plastic, elastomer, leather, wax etc.
They are a fully mechanical precision instrument with 'lazy arm' (Dual Needle) for peak hold measurement.
A Durometer works by measuring the resistance to an indentation that is made with a specific shape indenter and spring load, which values are based on the applicable Shore scale.
Our DD-100 Durometer is available in either Shore A or Shore D scale.
Shore A is used for soft to medium compound plastic, rubber and elastomers
Shore D is used on harder plastic and thermo-set resin etc.
Using the device is simple. Just press the Durometer against the object being tested and the needle will show the hardness value. Peak results are indicated by the 'lazy' arm. Reset the lazy arm after each test.
ASTM D 2240 stadnard method best practice means taking average result from at least 5 measurements in each location.
Check out our Durometer buying guide in our blog for more information on choosing the correct Durometer scale for you testing needs.
- Needle Stroke: 2.5mm
- Red "Lazy Arm" Peak Pointer
- Measure Range: 0 ~ 100 HA / HD
- Shore A indenter: Truncated 35° cone, 0.79 mm diameter
- Shore D indenter: A 30° conical point, 0.1 mm radius tip
- Unit Weight: 200 grams approx.
|Brand||STARR INSTRUMENTS by Test-Equip|


Air quality advisories are in effect for many communities in Alberta as wildfire smoke moves in from British Columbia.
In Canada, wildfire season typically runs from early April to late October. Wildfires can significantly increase air pollution levels, which can harm your health.
Symptoms of smoke exposure:
- Mild and common symptoms include watery eyes, runny nose, sinus irritation, scratchy throat, mild coughing and headache.
- Less common and more serious symptoms include shortness of breath, wheezing (including asthma attacks), severe cough, dizziness, chest pains, heart palpitations.
How to protect your health during a wildfire
- Limit outdoor activity and strenuous physical activities as much as possible.
- Drink lots of water to help your body cope with the smoke.
- Sealing or keeping windows and doors closed.
- Avoid smoking, vacuuming, burning of incense and candles indoors.
- Wildfire smoke 101: Wildfire smoke and your health
- Wildfire smoke 101: Using a portable air cleaner to filter wildfire smoke
- Wildfire smoke 101: How to prepare for wildfire smoke
- Wildfire smoke 101: Combined wildfire smoke and heat
During prolonged smoke exposure, it’s important to stay active when you can. Pay attention to the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) or other indicators of smoke levels in your community and watch for opportunities to get outside and be active if conditions improve. Get air quality updates on your mobile device. Download the app for iOS and Android: https://open.alberta.ca/blog/?page_id=160
Word of the Day:Irritation: discomfort or inflammation in a body part


text:
My hand trembles as I watch her approach on her daily walk around the park. Her ponytail and tight jeans make her appear to be in her mid-twenties.
I shuffle to the middle of the path. To talk to her, I must slow her down. “Do you think it will rain?”
She stops and looks at the darkening sky. “I hope so.”
She turns to size me up. A balding man of fifty, shaking like a schoolboy about to ask a girl to dance, leaning on an umbrella is all she sees. “I wish I had taken my umbrella.”
The threat of rain is the reason I chose this day to speak to her. It would keep the crowds away. “Perhaps we can walk together, in case it rains. That is, if you don't mind an old man slowing you down.”
“I'm headed to the top.”
This is unexpected. For weeks, I had watched her take the path around the pond, never the one to the lookout. I resolve to see my plan through. “I'm going that way too.”
She backs up. “Are you sure? It's a long way up and I’m not planning on returning… soon.”
I touch the envelope peeking out of my breast pocket. It’s still there. I return my hand to my side only to find my thumb and index finger have taken it upon themselves to rub each other in circles. “I am. It is the last item on my bucket list.”
“You've finished your list?”
“After I reach the top, I'll die happy.” I try to make her believe.
She smiles as if I was an old friend. “You have made your final... resolution?”
I resolved to pop my question and let the chips fall where they may. The chance of hearing the answer I want is slim, but I need to know. “Yes, I have a final resolution and I intend to see it through.”
“Me too.” She offers me her arm. “We can go together.”
I accept and we begin walking up the hill, arm in arm. I imagine what it would be like to be younger and held in her arms. I’m in love. “They call me Jack. What is your name?”
“You haven’t seen the news.” She took a deep breath. “They call me the Ice Princess. Back in 2014, I was pregnant and suffered a heart attack. My husband rushed me to the hospital where I died. My family arranged for my body to be cryopreserved. It wasn’t my choice to hang upside-down in a vat of nitrogen for fifty years waiting for medical science to advance to the point where I could be rejuvenated.”
“I did read your story in the paper. You were Jane Smith.”
“They didn’t tell the whole story. How I woke to find my last thoughts frozen in my mind, my family. Without them, I find it lonely. That’s why I’m… abdicating.”
She forces a smile. “You...

domain: literature


text:
GBW’s Taylor Rayfield represents two men who are suing the former employers of an athletic coach and one-time Olympian accused of sexually abusing dozens of young men for several decades. ABC 7 profiled one of her clients who spoke out about allegations that Syracuse University and Camp Greylock in Becket, MA gave Conrad Mainwaring unfettered access to sexually assault student athletes.
Helping Our Clients Tell
Their Story & Get The Compensation They Deserve
We've Recovered Billions of Dollars & Handled a Wide
Range Of Complex Cases

domain: law


text:
Firm calls for state of emergency in education sector
Indigenous tech giant, SystemSpecs, has called on the Federal Government to declare a state of emergency in the education sector to address the myriads of problems confronting it.
Speaking at the business of education summit themed: “Unlocking the potential for science, technology and innovation in our schools,” SystemSpecs Executive Director, Deremi Atanda, appealed to government and critical stakeholders not to handle the drawbacks with levity.
At the summit organised by education information service platform, Edusko Africa, in Lagos, Atanda also urged the government to embrace more actions and less talk in solving educational problems, such as lack of innovation, infrastructure and teaching aids, poor funding, and governance.
The tech expert added that the importance of unlocking potential in science and education should also not be overlooked as this could bring about innovation culminating in the economic and sustainable growth of Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
According to Atanda, education is a determining factor for the development of any country.
“People really need to know what it means when there is a crisis in a sector. It means that the country cannot make any meaningful economic development if we don’t fix it.
“Scientific knowledge allows us to develop new technologies, solve practical problems and make informed decisions both individually and collectively. The potential of science in education promotes scientific literacy and responsible citizenship,” he said.
Atanda also called for the designation of a national emergency coordinator, who would be held responsible for organising a nationwide intervention in education, just as Nigeria had for COVID-19.
The call to action by the pan-African tech giant comes amid concerns for the poor state of education in the country.
Citing UNICEF recommendation, Atanda noted that one in every five of the world’s out-of-school children is in Nigeria.
He said: “Even though primary education is officially free and compulsory, more than 10.5 million of the country’s children aged 5 to 14 are not in school. Even when children go to school, the education they receive is often of low quality; based on outdated curricula without impacting the critical skills necessary to compete with children from other parts of the world. One of the areas where this is obvious in science, technology and innovation. The technology advocate, therefore, called for the mainstreaming of coding for Nigerians right from childhood.”

domain: news


text:
Being able to recognize signs of when your pet is in pain is important. Pets, unlike other members of our family, can’t communicate when they are experiencing pain. Dogs and cats tend to be more resilient than people. In most cases they cope with pain and continue with their normal daily activities. It isn’t until the level of pain is high that it becomes obvious.
Just like with people, dogs and cats are individuals. Some dogs are more resilient than others. This individuality isn’t breed specific. I have seen smaller breeds that people would assume to be more “sensitive” exhibit a higher pain tolerance and be more resilient than larger breeds that one would assume is “tough”. Cats are more resilient than dogs, and for this reason it is harder to recognize signs of pain in cats.
Assessing pain in pets can be difficult, sometimes even for a veterinary professional. However, there is a basic formula that you can use to help evaluate your pet at home. The “Three A’s”; Attitude, Activity and Appetite can give you a lot insight into your pet’s health.
Attitude is basically how your pet is acting. Though easier to evaluate in dogs, it can be applied to cats as well. Bright, Alert and Responsive (B.A.R) is a term we use in Veterinary medicine. It means your pet is happy, energetic and displaying its normal behavior. It’s happy to see you, is responsive when you address it, ask it to go on walk or play with a toy. You know your pet best, and you know what is normal for your family member. Once we use “normal” as the baseline, it makes it easier to recognize abnormal behavior. More subdued, quiet or depressed are abnormal behaviors. Not as responsive or energetic. Not eager to go on a walk or play. For some pets, especially cats, hiding or avoiding behavior is seen. Increased anxiety, restlessness, increased deep breathing or panting especially at night. All of which are signs that your pet could be ill or in pain.
Activity can be viewed as the normal activities your pet does in a day or week, and how well or if they are able to accomplish them. The start of your pet’s day is when they awake in the morning. A lot of information can be gained watching your pet “get out of bed in the morning”. Pets sleep more than people, but an increase in the amount of time your pet stays in bed or reluctance to get out of bed in the morning can indicate a problem. How long does it take your pet to physically stand up? Does your pet struggle to stand up? The first few steps getting out of bed are also important. A lot of dogs exhibiting arthritis will show signs, or limp when they first get up. Once they get moving and their joints get lubricated this sign can be missed. Is your pet reluctant to go up stairs, jump on Furniture, or to go on long walks. A lot of information can also be obtained watching your pet “going to the bathroom.” Pets with back and hip can have problems posturing to perform this simple function. Lastly, any change to your pets walking or running, whether it’s as obvious as limp or subtle as “a few missed steps”, is abnormal.
Appetite is a very important tool in monitoring your pet. A decrease in your pets appetite or reluctance to eat or drink are signs that your pet is ill or in pain. Just like activity, a lot of information can be gained from your pet’s mealtime. How interested in eating is your pet? Did it finish all it’s food? Does it appear that your pet is interested in eating, but it doesn’t eat it’s food? Is it avoiding hard food or treats? Does it look like it’s having difficulty chewing? These signs could indicate pain in your pet’s mouth or with it’s teeth. Also pets with neck or back pain will sometimes avoid eating because it hurts to lean down and approach the food dish. It is for these reasons that it’s important to;
- Monitor your pets food and water consumption
- Take a few minutes to watch them eat
- Measure out their food , rather than “topping up” the bowl (esp. for cats)
- Train your dog to eat in 30 minutes or less, rather than letting it graze throughout the day. Dogs are meant to eat their food in one sitting. Dogs that are grazers are much more difficult to monitor. This means that you have a better chance of finding signs in your dog if it’s not a grazer.
In our practice, we subscribe to the fact that owners know their pet best. We know that owners are often the first one to recognize subtle signs in their pets who can’t communicate themselves. I have seen first-hand numerous occasions where owners were embarrassed that they were over reacting or being paranoid, when in fact they were right that something was in fact medically wrong with their pet. Other clients thought something was wrong but couldn’t pin point exactly what was wrong and delayed an appointment. The purpose of this article is to help guide owners to recognize signs that something is wrong and catch it early. You can then confidently seek Veterinary care to help insure your pet is well and pain free.

domain: medical


text:
Philadelphia City Council plans to hold hearings on plans to protect the city from environmental threats from derailment of an oil train.
Councilwoman Blondell Reynolds Brown is calling for the hearings, saying she wants to make sure precautions are in place to limit risks as trains transport oil through Philadelphia.
On Feb. 16, a train carrying oil derailed in West Virginia, causing an explosion and massive fire.
“If there’s ever an accident, it would be a bad thing, so we need to be proactive and figure out what type of prevention measures [are] in place to avoid an accident,” said Reynolds Brown. “We don’t want to be in an ‘I wish, I shoulda, coulda’ place.”
In January, an oil trained derailed in South Philadelphia. And in 2014, another derailment had tanker cars hanging over the Schuylkill River.


Mallion rapid connection carabiner 6mm
MAILLON RAPIDE SQUARE STAINLESS STEEL 6mm
This maillon is suitable for attaching the two harness reserve shoulder straps to the two ends of the reserve bridles, using two maillons. The best strength/weight connector on the market, manufactured in France by Peguet.
This maillon can be used for attaching the harness to the risers however we would recommend that you rather use suitable Karabiners for harness to riser attachments.
This maillon is not suitable for single point attachment between the harness and the reserve, or for any attachment for tandem paraglider or tandem reserve.
- Shape: Square
- Material: Stainless Steel
- Diameter: 6.0mm
- Weight: 42g
- Height 57 mm / Width 42 mm
- Load 450 kg / Break 2250 kg


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I am going to be in the USA in early July and am looking at spending a week (8 days) exploring Colorado and Yellowstone. My wife and I plan to fly in to Denver and hire a car and pretty much do a loop that takes in the Rockies, Yellowstone National Park (Old Faithful and Hot Springs especially), and maybe even try to get over to Mount Rushmore before we fly out. Any suggested itineraries would be most welcome. Oh and by the way, Happy New Year!!
Road Trip Visit - Denver, Yellowstone, Mount Rushmore
Recent ActivityView all United States activity »
- 1 San Francisco hotel in Fisherman's Wharf or Union Square
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- 3 Yosemite in Winter
- 4 New York (for women turning 50th) 2015
- 5 Quick SoCal question
- 6 Required snow tires & rental cars?
- 7 Business in San diego and then a weeks vacation?
- 8 Tampa in February
- 9 Louisiana Hotel Questions
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- 11 January Jaunt to the Southernmost City ~ Long with Pics!
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- 13 Prince Philip Cruise (Whittier) vs Kenai Fjords (Seward)
- 14 New England September
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- 17 Car Rental West Palm Beach
- 18 Group of 10 adults to Hawaii
- 19 Austin Food Trucks
- 20 Weekend road trip from Omaha
- 21 Photos from Texas Christmas Road Trip
- 22 searching for urban master planned community
- 23 Arthritis and Humidity where to live?
- 24 Condos near Disney World
- 25 family celebration trip

domain: travel


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The final in a series of five videos demonstrating different techniques for my Introductory Video class, Media 115, at Peninsula college. Each technique is to be combined with a concept; here it is Creativity. I’ve been using my dog, Sam, in each video, for a sense of cohesiveness. How does a dog display creativity?
Turns out, Sam is a pretty creative guy and knows how to spell his name. The music by Moby scores the frenetic pace perfectly.
I had to learn new skills to do this. Wasn’t sure if I could pull it off. Using Adobe Premiere Pro I utilized cropping, blending modes, stacking and reverse speed.

domain: artistic


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Custom Gift Boxes
Gift boxes customized by using different styles and amazing designs are an excellent way to enhance the outlook of gift. Custom gift boxes by packagingninja are cost effective and sturdy. Our boxes have ample space to perfectly fit your gift. We create gift boxes to make your events remember-able. We make boxes that match to your event theme so your gift receiver feels privileged. We make gift boxes for business giveaways so your products market visibility increases and your brand reaches skies of success. We work day and night to make your custom gift boxes look ravishing.

domain: design


Greens leader Richard Di Natale’s backs cannabis decriminalisation
Recreational cannabis use would be legalised in Australia under a radical Greens plan to create a “tightly regulated” market and generate hundreds of millions of dollars in Federal tax revenue.
In a significant escalation of Greens drug policy, Federal leader Richard Di Natale wants Australia to follow the lead of Spain, Uruguay and nine US States and decriminalise marijuana use for all adults.
“Governments around the world are realising that prohibition of cannabis causes more harm than it prevents,” Senator Di Natale said.
“It’s time Australia joined them and legalised cannabis for adult use.”
Sales to those under the age of 18 would be banned under the policy, which calls for a new Government agency to be set up and given a monopoly over the wholesale supply of marijuana to shops.
The Australian cannabis agency would issue licences for production and sale, as well as collect a tobacco-style excise from consumers and redirect the funds to drug treatment and education programs.
Sales staff would be forced to do “responsible sale of cannabis” training and varieties of marijuana would come in plain packaging detailing strains and health warnings.
Advertising would be banned and adults could grow up to six plants for personal use.
Arguing that the war on drugs had failed, Senator Di Natale said Australia’s approach to illicit drugs was an “unmitigated disaster” and it was time for real reform.
He said a poll last year showed 55 per cent of Australians believed cannabis should be taxed and regulated like alcohol or tobacco.
“As a drug and alcohol doctor, I’ve seen that the tough on drugs approach causes enormous harm,” he said.
“It drives people away from getting help when they need it and exposes them to a dangerous black market.”
A costing by the Parliamentary Budget Office for independent senator David Leyonhjelm, who wants marijuana legalised, found in 2016 that legalising cannabis would generate about $300 million a year in GST revenue, as well as save about $100 million a year in reduced Australian Federal Police and Australian Border Force costs.
Australian Drug Law Reform Foundation president Alex Wodak welcomed the announcement, saying banning cannabis had not reduced its use or availability, and yet had “distracted police from following up more serious crimes, harmed a lot of young people and helped make some criminals rich”.
But the Australian Medical Association has “significant reservations” about the proposal.
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Product review: Acerbis Adventure Suit
Jordan's worn the Acerbis Adventure suit in the searing heat of the Moroccan Desert and a damp, cold Thetford Forest. How did it fare?
Most adventure branded gear is no good for actual off-road adventure riding – it’s simply too heavy and restrictive to wear. The Acerbis Adventure suit is totally different because it’s really a rally suit that can be used for adventure riding, although I think that’s a good thing.
It comes with waterproof liners plus thermals, so it can be used for plugging miles on the road, but it’s most at home off the beaten track. Once you head off-road, the fit and function all make perfect sense. I’ve done all sorts of riding in this suit, from rally riding in the searing heat of the Moroccan dunes to green laning in the miserable cold of Thetford Forest.
Either dressed up or opened up, it’s been perfect and the in-built pocket for a hydration bladder is brilliant. One of the best features is that you can zip the sleeves off and wear just the gilet over a lightweight jersey to fulfil your ultimate Dakar fantasies.The trousers are also available in two different fits (touring and baggy) depending on whether you’ll be off-roading or soft-roading.
It’s also remarkably hardwearing. I couldn’t count how many little offs I’ve had in this suit but it took a huge 40mph slide to leave any visible damage. If you’re looking for an outfit that’s at home on the trails but doesn’t leave you looking like a power ranger, then this will be pretty much spot on.
It could just be bad luck but the second time I used the suit one of the vent poppers broke, then about six months in the main jacket zip broke. Acerbis did say that assuming you hadn’t clearly trashed it, the jacket would be repaired or replaced under warranty.
So what about the competition?
Jordan's also tested the Spada Stelvio Adventure suit it's a direct competitor for the Acerbis Adventure suit and worth considering.

domain: hobby


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An online culinary network evolved in the winter of 2011. The mission of My Twist On This is simple; to create a forum for networking with others who have a passion for cooking, and teaching others how to create delicious meals.
This site is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to its affiliates.
This recipe of catfish coated with mustard was inspired by one of my brothers-in-law. I tried it a couple of times and really loved it. His preparation was different from the method in which I prepare fish, but the end result was outstanding.
When I think back on some of the meals that I prepared for Easter Sunday, my mind often lingers on a recipe that I found in the Houston Chronicle newspaper many years ago. It was called an Oven Bag Brisket and it was simply divine! Tender, moist, and delicious!

domain: food


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9.1 REACTION MECHANISM: AN ANALOGY
Chemical kinetics is the study of how reactions take place and how fast they occur. (Kinetics tells us nothing about the spontaneity of a reaction, however! We’ll study that a little later.)
Consider this scenario: A group of people are washing a pile of dirty dishes and stacking them up as clean, dry dishes. Our “reaction” has dirty dishes as starting material, and clean, dry dishes as the product:
dirty dish → clean-and-dry dish
But what about a soapy dish? We know it’s part of the process, but the equation doesn’t include it. When we break down the pathway of a dirty dish to a clean-and-dry dish, we realize that the reaction happens in several steps, a sequence of elementary steps that show us the reaction mechanism:
1) dirty dish → soapy dish
2) soapy dish → rinsed dish
3) rinsed dish → clean-and-dry dish
The soapy and rinsed dishes are reaction intermediates. They are necessary for the conversion of dirty dishes to clean-and-dry dishes, but don’t appear either in the starting material or products. If you add up all the reactants and products, the intermediates cancel out, and you’ll have the overall equation.
In the same way, we write chemical reactions as if they occur in a single step:
2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
But in reality, things are a little more complicated, and reactions often proceed through intermediates that we don’t show in the chemical equation. The truth for the reaction above is that it occurs in two steps:
1) 2 NO → N2O2
2) N2O2 + O2 → 2 NO2
The N2O2 comes and goes during the reaction, but isn’t part of the starting material or products. N2O2 is a reaction intermediate.
Just as the soapy dishes and rinsed dishes are produced and then consumed, we can identify an intermediate in a series of elementary steps as a substance that is produced in one elementary step and then consumed in a subsequent step. Although the two elementary steps don’t need to be sequential, they often are. As above, note that intermediates will not be part of the overall balanced chemical reaction. Depending on the rate of the elementary step that consumes the intermediate, the concentration of the intermediate will vary in solution. As the consuming elementary step becomes faster, the steady-state concentration of the intermediate becomes smaller, and it becomes harder to detect the intermediate.
What determines the rate of a reaction? Consider our friends doing the dishes.
1) dirty dish → soapy dish
Bingo washes at 5 dishes per minute.
2) soapy dish → rinsed dish
Ringo rinses at 8 dishes per minute.
3) rinsed dish → clean-and-dry dish
Dingo dries at 3 dishes per minute.
What will be the rate of the overall reaction? Thanks to Dingo, the dishes move from dirty to clean-and-dry at only 3 dishes a minute. It doesn’t matter how fast Bingo and Ringo wash and rinse; the dishes will pile up behind Dingo. The rate-determining step is Dingo’s drying step, and true to its name, it determines the overall rate of reaction.
The slowest step in a process determines the overall reaction rate.
This applies to chemical reactions as well. For our chemical reaction given above, we have
2 NO → N2O2 (fast)
N2O2 + O2 → 2 NO2 (slow)
The second step is the slowest, and it will determine the overall rate of reaction. No matter how fast the first step moves along, the intermediates will pile up in front of the second step as it plods along. The slow step dictates the rate of the overall reaction.
Once again, there’s an important difference between our dishes analogy and a chemical reaction: While the dishes pile up behind Dingo, in a chemical reaction the intermediates will not pile up. Rather they will shuttle back and forth between reactants and products until the slow step takes it forward. This would be like taking a rinsed dish and getting it soapy again, until Dingo is ready for it!
Example 9-1: Which of the following is the best example of a rate?
A) rate = ∆[A]/ ∆t
B) rate = ∆[A]/ ∆[B]
C) rate = ∆ [A] ∆[B]
D) rate = ∆[A]2
Solution: Regardless of the topic, rate is always defined as change in something over change in time. Choice A is the answer.
9.2 REACTION RATE
The rate of a reaction indicates how fast reactants are being consumed or how fast products are being formed. The reaction rate depends on several factors. Since the reactant molecules must collide and interact in order for old bonds to be broken and new ones to be formed to generate the product molecules, anything that affects these collisions and interactions will affect the reaction rate. The reaction rate is determined by the following:
1) How frequently the reactant molecules collide
2) The orientation of the colliding molecules
3) Their energy
Every chemical reaction has an activation energy (Ea), or the minimum energy required of reactant molecules during a molecular collision in order for the reaction to proceed to products. If the reactant molecules don’t possess this much energy, their collisions won’t be able to produce the products and the reaction will not occur. If the reactants possess the necessary activation energy, they can reach a high-energy (and short-lived!) transition state, also known as the activated complex. For example, if the reaction is A2+ B2 → 2 AB, say, the activated complex might look something like this:
Now that we have introduced all species that might appear throughout the course of a chemical reaction, we can illustrate the energy changes that occur as a reaction occurs in a reaction coordinate diagram. Consider the following two-step process and its reaction coordinate graph below:
A → X
X → B
A → B
Notice that the transition state is always an energy maximum, and is therefore distinct from an intermediate. Remember that reaction intermediates (shown as X in this case) are produced in an early step of the mechanism, and are later used up so they do not appear as products of the overall reaction. The intermediate is shown here as a local minimum in terms of its energy, but has more energy than either the reactants or products. The high energy intermediate is therefore highly reactive, making it difficult to isolate.
Since the progress of the reaction depends on the reactant molecules colliding with enough energy to generate the activated complex, we can make the following statements concerning the reaction rate:
1) The lower the activation energy, the faster the reaction rate. The reaction coordinate above suggests that the second step of the mechanism will therefore be the slow step, or the rate-determining step, since the second “hill” of the diagram is higher.
2) The greater the concentrations of the reactants, the faster the reaction rate. Favorable collisions are more likely as the concentrations of reactant molecules increase.
3) The higher the temperature of the reaction mixture, the faster the reaction rate. At higher temperatures, more reactant molecules have a sufficient energy to overcome the activation-energy barrier, and molecules collide at a higher frequency, so the reaction can proceed at a faster rate.
Notice in the reaction coordinate diagram above that the ∆G° of the reaction has no bearing on the rate of the reaction, and vice versa. Thermodynamic factors and kinetic factors do not affect each other (a concept the MCAT loves to ask about).
Catalysts provide reactants with a different route, usually a shortcut, to get to products. A catalyst will almost always make a reaction go faster by either speeding up the rate-determining step or providing an optimized route to products. A catalyst that accelerates a reaction does so by lowering the activation energy of the rate-determining step, and therefore the energy of the highest-energy transition state:
The key difference between a reactant and a catalyst is that the reactants are converted to products, but a catalyst remains unchanged at the end of a reaction. A catalyst can undergo a temporary change during a reaction, but it is always converted back to its original state. Like reaction intermediates, catalysts aren’t included in the overall reaction equation.
Our dish crew could use a catalyst. Picture Dingo walking to pick up each wet dish, drying it on both sides, and walking back to place it in the clean dish stack. Now imagine a helper, Daisy, who takes the wet dish from Ringo, then walks it over to Dingo, and while he dries and stacks, she returns with another wet dish. This way, Dingo can dry 5 dishes a minute instead of 3, and the overall dish-cleaning rate increases to 5 dishes a minute. Daisy is the catalyst, but the chain of events in the overall reaction remains the same.
In the same way, chemical reactions can be catalyzed. Consider the decomposition of ozone:
O3(g) + O(g) → 2 O2(g)
This reaction actually takes place in two steps and is catalyzed by nitric oxide (NO):
1) NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)
2) NO2(g) + O(g) → NO(g) + O2(g)
NO(g) is necessary for this reaction to proceed at a noticeable rate, and even undergoes changes itself during the process. But NO(g) remains unchanged at the end of the reaction and makes the reaction occur much faster than it would in its absence. NO(g), a product of automobile exhaust, is a catalyst in ozone destruction.
It is important to note that the addition of a catalyst will affect the rate of a reaction, but not the equilibrium or the thermodynamics of the reaction. A catalyst provides a different pathway for the reactants to get to the products, and lowers the activation energy, Ea. But a catalyst does not change any of the thermodynamic quantities such as ∆G, ∆H, and ∆S of a reaction.
Example 9-2: Which of the following statements is true?
A) Catalysts decrease the activation energy of the forward reaction only.
B) Catalysts decrease the activation energy of the reverse reaction only.
C) Catalysts decrease the activation energy of both the forward and reverse reactions.
D) Catalysts decrease the activation energy of the forward reaction and increase the activation energy of the reverse reaction.
Solution: Catalysts decrease the activation energy of the forward reaction and reverse reaction—that’s why they have no net effect on a system that’s already at equilibrium. Choice C is the correct choice.
Example 9-3: Which of the following is true about the hypothetical two-step reaction shown below?
1) + 2 B → C + 2 D (fast)
2) C → A + E (slow)
A) A is a catalyst, and C is an intermediate.
B) A is a catalyst, and D is an intermediate.
C) B is a catalyst, and A is an intermediate.
D) B is a catalyst, and C is an intermediate.
Solution: C is an intermediate; it’s formed in one step and consumed in the other. This eliminates choices B and C. Now, is A or B the catalyst? Notice that B is consumed but not reformed; therefore, it cannot be the catalyst. The answer is A.
Example 9-4: A reaction is run without a catalyst and is found to have an activation energy of 140 kJ/mol and a heat of reaction, ∆H, of 30 kJ/mol. In the presence of a catalyst, however, the activation energy is reduced to 120 kJ/mol. What will be the heat of reaction in the presence of the catalyst?
A) —10 kJ/mol
B) 10 kJ/mol
C) 30 kJ/mol
D) 50 kJ/mol
Solution: Catalysts affect only the kinetics of a reaction, not the thermodynamics. The heat of the reaction will be the same with or without a catalyst. The answer is C.
9.4 RATE LAWS
On the MCAT, you might be given data about the rate of a particular reaction and be asked to derive the rate law. The data for rate laws are determined by the initial rates of reaction and typically are given as the rate at which the reactant disappears. You’ll rarely see products in a rate law expression, usually only reactants. What does a rate law tell us? Although a reaction needs all the reactants to proceed, only those that are involved in the rate-determining step (the slow step) are part of the rate law expression. Some reactants may not affect the reaction rate at all, and so they won’t be a part of the rate law expression.
Let’s look at a generic reaction, a A + b B → c C + d D, and its rate law:
rate = k [A]x[B]y
x = the order of the reaction with respect to A
y = the order of the reaction with respect to B
(x + y) = the overall order of the reaction
k = the rate constant
The rate law can only be determined experimentally. You can’t get the orders of the reactants, not to mention the rate constant k, just by looking at the balanced equation. The exception to this rule is for an elementary step in a reaction mechanism. The rate law is first order for a unimolecular elementary step and second order for a bimolecular elementary step. The individual order of the reactants in a rate law will follow from their stoichiometry in the rate-determining step (similar to the way they’re included in an equilibrium constant).
Let’s look at a set of reaction rate data and see how to determine the rate law for the reaction
A + B + C → D + E
From the experimental data, we can determine the orders with respect to the reactants—that is, the exponents x, y, and z in the equation
rate = k[A]x[B]y[C]z
and the overall order of the reaction, x + y + z.
Let’s first find the order of the reaction with respect to Reactant A. As we go from Experiment 1 to Experiment 2, only [A] changes, so we can use the data to figure out the order of the reaction with respect to Reactant [A]. We notice that the value of [A] doubled, and the reaction rate doubled. Therefore, the reaction rate is proportional to [A], and x = 1.
Next, let’s look at [B]. As we go from Experiment 1 to Experiment 3, only [B] changes. When [B] is doubled, the rate is quadrupled. Therefore, the rate is proportional to [B]2, and y = 2.
Finally, let’s look at [C]. As we go from Experiment 1 to Experiment 4, only [C] changes. When [C] is doubled, the rate is unaffected. This tells us that the reaction rate does not depend on [C], so z = 0.
Therefore, the rate law has the form
rate = k[A][B]2
The reaction is first order with respect to [A], second order with respect to [B], zero order with respect to [C], and third order overall. In general, if a reaction rate increases by a factor f when the concentration of a reactant increases by a factor c, and f = c x, then we can say that x is the order with respect to that reactant.
The Rate Constant
From the experimental data, you can also calculate the rate constant, k. For the reaction we looked at above, we found that the rate law is given by: rate = k[A][B]2. Solving this for k, we get
Now, just pick any experiment in the table, and using the results of Experiment 1, you’d find that
Any of the experiments will give you the same value for k because it’s a constant for any given reaction at a given temperature. That is, each reaction has its own rate constant, which takes into account such factors as the frequency of collisions, the fraction of the collisions with the proper orientation to initiate the desired bond changes, and the activation energy. This can be expressed mathematically with the Arrhenius equation:
k = Ae−(Ea/RT)
Here, A is the Arrhenius factor (which takes into account the orientation of the colliding molecules), Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas-law constant, and T is the temperature in kelvins. If we rewrite this equation in the form ln k = ln A — (Ea/RT), we can more clearly see that adding a catalyst (thus decreasing Ea) or increasing the temperature will increase k. In either case, the expression Ea/RT decreases, and subtracting something smaller gives a greater result, so ln k (and thus k itself) will increase. (By the way, a rough rule of thumb is that the rate will increase by a factor of about 2 to 4 for every 10-degree (Celsius) increase in temperature.)
The units of the rate constant are not necessarily uniform from one reaction to the next. Reactions of different orders will have rate constants bearing different units. In order to obtain the units of the rate constant one must keep in mind that the rate, on the left side of the equation, must always have units of M/s as it measures the change in concentration of a species in the reaction over time. The units given to the rate constant must, when combined with the units of the concentrations in the rate equation, provide M/sec.
Below is a generic second order rate equation.
Rate = k[A][B]
Assuming that the concentrations of both A and B are in molarity (M), then in order to give the left side of the equation units of M/s, the units of the rate constant must be M−1s−1. If the rate were third order, the units would be M−2s−1, or if first order then simply s−1.
Example 9-5: Based on the data given above, determine the rate law for the reaction A + B → C.
A) Rate = k[B]
B) Rate = k[A][B]
C) Rate = k[A]2[B]
D) Rate = k[A][B]2
Solution: Comparing Experiments 1 and 2, we notice that when [B] doubled (and [A] remained unchanged), the reaction rate doubled. Therefore, the reaction is first order with respect to [B]; this eliminates choice D. Now, comparing Experiments 3 and 4, we notice that when [A] doubled (and [B] remained unchanged), the reaction rate also doubled. This means that the reaction is first order with respect to [A] as well. Therefore, the answer is B.
Example 9-6: Which of the following gives the form of the rate law for the balanced reaction
4 A + 2 B → C + 3 D?
A) Rate = k[A]4[B]2
B) Rate = k[A]2[B]
C) Rate = k[C][D]3/[A]4[B]2
D) Cannot be determined from the information given
Solution: Unless the given reaction is the rate-determining, elementary step, we have no way of knowing what the rate law is. The answer is D.
Example 9-7: Using the data given above, determine the numerical value of the rate constant for the reaction A + B → C.
Solution: First, let’s find the rate law. Comparing Experiments 3 and 4, we notice that when [A] doubled (and [B] remained unchanged), the reaction rate increased by a factor of 4. This means the reaction is second order with respect to [A]. Comparing Experiments 1 and 3, we notice that when [B] doubled (and [A] remained unchanged), the reaction rate increased by a factor of 2. This means the reaction is first order with respect to [B]. Therefore, the rate law is rate = k[A]2[B]. Finally, using any of the experiments, we can solve for k; using the data in Experiment 1, say, we find that
Chapter 9 Summary
• Kinetics is the study of how quickly a reaction occurs, but does not determine whether or not a reaction will occur.
• All rates are experimentally determined by measuring a change in the concentration of a reactant or product compared to a change in time (often given in M/s).
• Molecules must collide in order to react, and the frequency and energy of these collisions determines how fast the reaction occurs.
• Increasing the concentration of reactants often increases the reaction rate due to an increased number of collisions.
• Increasing the temperature of a reaction always increases the reaction rate since molecules move faster and collide more frequently; the energy of collisions also increases.
• Activation energy (Ea) is the minimum energy required to start a reaction and decreases in the presence of a catalyst, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
• Transition states are at energy maxima, while intermediates are at local energy minima along a reaction coordinate.
• A reaction mechanism must agree with experimental data, and suggests a possible pathway by which reactants and intermediates might collide in order for a chemical reaction to occur.
• The sum of all elementary steps of a mechanism will add to give the overall chemical reaction.
• The slow step of the mechanism is the rate limiting step, and determines the rate of the overall reaction.
• A rate law can only be determined from experimental data or if given a mechanism, and has the general form: Rate = k [reactants]x, where x is the order of the reaction with respect to the given reactant, and k is the rate constant.
• The overall order of a reaction is the sum of all exponents in the rate law.
• The value of the rate constant, k, depends on temperature and activation energy, and its units will vary depending on the reaction order.
• Coefficients of the reactants in the rate limiting step of a mechanism can be used to determine the order of a reaction in the rate law; coefficients from the overall reaction alone CANNOT be used to find the order of a reaction.
CHAPTER 9 FREESTANDING PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. In the reaction A + 2 B → C, the rate law is experimentally determined to be rate = k[B]2. What happens to the initial rate of reaction when the concentration of A is doubled?
A) The rate doubles.
B) The rate quadruples.
C) The rate is halved.
D) The rate is unchanged.
2. Which of the following statements is always true about the kinetics of a chemical reaction?
A) The rate law includes all reactants in the balanced overall equation.
B) The overall order equals the sum of the reactant coefficients in the overall reaction.
C) The overall order equals the sum of the reactant coefficients in the slow step of the reaction.
D) The structure of the catalyst remains unchanged throughout the reaction progress.
3. Which of the following is represented by a localized minimum in a reaction coordinate diagram?
A) Transition state
C) Activated complex
4. Which factor always affects both thermodynamic and kinetic properties?
B) Transition state energy level
C) Reactant coefficients of the overall reaction
D) No single factor always affects both thermodynamics and kinetics.
5. Which of the following best describes the role of pepsin in the process of proteolysis?
A) It stabilizes the structure of the amino acid end products.
B) It lowers the energy requirement needed for the reaction to proceed.
C) It increases the Keq of proteolysis.
D) It lowers the free energy of the peptide reactant.
6. Based on the reaction mechanism shown below, which of the following statements is correct?
2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
1) 2 NO → N2O2 (fast)
2) N2O2 + O2 → 2 NO2 (slow)
A) Step 1 is the rate-determining step and the rate of the overall reaction is k[N2O2].
B) Step 1 is the rate-determining step and the rate of the overall reaction is k[NO]2.
C) Step 2 is the rate-determining step and the rate of the overall reaction is k[NO2]2.
D) Step 2 is the rate-determining step and the rate of the overall reaction is k[N2O2][O2].
7. When table sugar is exposed to air it undergoes the following reaction:
C12H22O11 + 12 O2 → 12 CO2 + 11 H2O
(∆G = −5693 kJ/mol)
When this reaction is observed at the macroscopic level, it appears as though nothing is happening, yet one can detect trace amounts of CO2 and H2O being formed. These observations are best explained by the fact that the reaction is:
A) thermodynamically favorable but not kinetically favorable.
B) kinetically favorable but not thermodynamically favorable.
C) neither kinetically nor thermodynamically favorable.
D) both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable.
CHAPTER 9 PRACTICE PASSAGE
One way to determine a rate law is to look at the slowest elementary step in a reaction mechanism. The rate law is equal to the rate constant times the initial concentrations of the reactants in the slowest step raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation. If a chemical appears in the rate law raised to the X power, we say the reaction is X order for that chemical.
In cases where the slow step is not the first step, the rate law will likely depend on the concentration of intermediate species. This is experimentally inconvenient, since the concentration of intermediates is not as straightforward to control as starting materials. As such, rate laws are often rewritten substituting terms consisting solely of starting materials, when possible. For example, consider the decomposition of nitramide:
O2 NNH2 (aq) → N2O(g) + H2O(l)
This reaction consists of three elementary steps (shown below), with step 2 as the slow step.
Step 1 (fast equilibrium):
O2NNH2(aq) O2NNH−(aq) + H+(aq)
Step 2 (slow):
O2NNH−(aq) → N2O(g) + OH−(aq)
Step 3 (fast):
H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)
One could write a valid rate law for this reaction of the form:
rate = k[O2NNH−]
However, the inclusion of the intermediate term is not ideal. The fast equilibrium in Step 1 allows the substitution of [O2NNH−] according to the equilibrium condition:
Solving for [O2NNH−], and substituting into the rate law gives an equally valid expression, detailing how the rate may be altered by varying the concentration of starting material and the pH of the reaction mixture:
The mechanism for this reaction consists of three elementary steps. The first step is an equilibrium reaction with a significant back reaction and the last step is an equilibrium reaction lying so far to the right that we consider it to go to completion:
1. What is the order of the decomposition of nitramide in water with respect to H+?
A) Negative first order
B) One half order
C) First order
D) Second order
2. If Step 1 were simply a fast reaction and not a fast equilibrium, what would be the expected rate law for the decomposition of nitramide in water?
A) Rate = k[O2NNH2]
B) Rate = k[O2NNH−]
C) Rate = k[H+][OH−]
D) Rate =
3. If separately synthesized Na+[O2NNH−] were added to a reaction in progress (assuming total solubility of the salt), what effect would this have on the rate?
A) No reaction would be observed.
B) The rate of the reaction would decrease.
C) The rate of the reaction would increase.
D) It is impossible to tell without experimental data.
4. If the [H+] goes up by a factor of four, the reaction rate will
A) increase by a factor of four.
B) increase by a factor of two.
C) decrease by a factor of two.
D) decrease by a factor of four.
5. Considering Step 1 in isolation, if a known amount of O2NNH2 is dissolved in water, which of the following plays a role in determining how fast the reaction reaches equilibrium?
A) The pH of the solution
B) The reaction temperature
C) The magnitude of the equilibrium constant
D) The stability of O2NNH2 compared to O2NNH−−and H+
6. What is true regarding the enthalpy and entropy changes for Step 3 of the mechanism?
A) ∆H > 0, ∆S > 0
B) ∆H > 0, ∆S < 0
C) ∆H < 0, ∆S > 0
D) ∆H < 0, ∆S < 0
7. Which of the following best describes how a catalyst might speed up a reaction?
A) It raises the temperature of the reaction mixture.
B) It raises the activation energy, making it easier to overcome the energy barrier.
C) It increases the rate of the slowest step.
D) It increases the frequency of collisions between molecules.
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 9 FREESTANDING PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. D Since the rate law is independent of [A], (i.e., rate is only dependent on the concentration of B), changing the amount of A will have no effect on the rate.
2. C Choice A is incorrect because rate laws are dependent on the slowest step. If a reactant does not participate in the slow step, it will not be included in the overall rate law. Choice B is incorrect because rate laws of overall reactions can only be determined experimentally. Choice D is incorrect because while it is true that a catalyst comes out of a reaction unchanged, it can undergo temporary transformations during the reaction and revert back into its original form at the end. Choice C is the best option because rate laws can be determined from elementary steps of a reaction mechanism by simply raising the reactants to their respective coefficients.
3. D It should be noted that choices A and C are the same and should therefore be eliminated. Additionally, transition states are localized maximums, not minimums. Choice B is incorrect because the product for a spontaneous reaction is the absolute minimum and not a localized minimum. Intermediates are formed and then used. They have a certain lifespan represented by a local minimum on the reaction coordinate diagram.
4. A Choice B is purely a kinetic factor and can be eliminated. Choice C is eliminated because it dictates the thermodynamic quantity Keq but not necessarily the kinetics of the overall reaction (only of the rate limiting step). Gibbs free energy, a thermodynamic property, is defined as ∆G = ∆H — T∆S, and the Arrhenius equation defines the rate constant k, a kinetic property, as k = Ae(—Ea/RT). Both equations contain the T variable representing temperature. Therefore, choice A is correct and choice D must be incorrect.
5. B Pepsin is an enzyme, a biological catalyst. Catalysts lower the activation energy by providing the correct orientation of reactants for a reaction to proceed. Enzymes make a reaction go faster and affect the kinetics of the reaction, making choice B the best answer. Stability of the products, Keq, and free energy of the reactants are all thermodynamic properties, so choices A, C, and D are eliminated.
6. D The rate-determining step (RDS) of a reaction mechanism is the slowest step of that mechanism, eliminating choices A and B. The rate law of an elementary step can be determined from the coefficients of the reactants in the elementary step. Because Step 2 is the RDS, the overall rate law will be equivalent to the rate law for the RDS. Therefore, rate = k[N2O2][O2].
7. A Given the very negative ∆G value, this is a very thermodynamically favorable, spontaneous chemical reaction (eliminate choices B and C). It is important to make the distinction in this case between kinetics and thermodynamics. The reason only trace amounts of products are formed is that the reaction proceeds at an incredibly slow rate (therefore NOT kinetically favorable) due to a high activation energy.
SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 9 PRACTICE PASSAGE
1. A The passage states that if a chemical is raised to the X power, the reaction is X order with respect to that chemical. The rate law can be written as Rate = k[O2NNH2][H+]−1, so the reaction is negative first order with respect to H+.
2. B If the first step was simply a fast step, then we would be able to make the normal assumptions about elementary steps and rate laws. More specifically, the rate law could be determined by the stoichiometry of the slow Step 2, which would yield the rate law in choice B.
3. C Recall that re-writing the rate law in terms of observable starting conditions does not make the rate including [O2NNH−] invalid. The two rate laws are equivalent to one another. As such, increasing the concentration of [O2NNH−] will increase the reaction rate.
4. D Since [H+] is in the denominator of the rate law expression and raised to the first power, if [H+] goes up by a factor of four, the rate will go down by a factor of four.
5. B The question requires an answer related to the kinetics of the reaction. Choices A, C, and D are not kinetic factors. The temperature of a reaction is factored into the rate constant (k = Ae(−Ea/RT)), so it will play a role in determining the speed of progress to equilibrium.
6. D Neutralization reactions release large amounts of heat, so ∆H must be less than zero, eliminating choices A and B. From the point of view of entropy, two molecules become one, increasing the order of the system. Moreover, two aqueous species turning into a pure liquid increases order. Therefore, disorder decreases and ∆S must be less than zero.
7. C Catalysts don’t work by raising the temperature of the reaction mixture, so choice A is eliminated. They lower the activation energy, not raise it, so choice B is wrong. Catalysts sometimes work by speeding up the slowest step (and sometimes by providing an alternate, faster reaction mechanism), so choice C is a viable answer. Catalysts can’t change the frequency of collisions between molecules, leaving choice C as the best answer.

domain: chemistry


text:
During a speech in San Antonio, Texas on Monday, she hailed the state’s range as “as distinct as the bodegas of the Bronx, as beautiful as the flowers of Miami, and as unique as the breakfast tacos here in San Antonio.”
Her remark alluded to the standard dish within the South Texas space, the place many Hispanics, so-called Latinos or Hispanics, stay.
But quickly there have been reactions to Jill Biden’s selection of phrases. The subsequent day, a media group representing the Latinos group accused Biden of decreasing the group’s range to stereotypes.
“We are not tacos,” the group identified sourly.
“Using breakfast tacos to try to demonstrate the uniqueness of Latinos in San Antonio shows a lack of cultural knowledge and sensitivity to the diversity of Latinos in the region.”
The White House has apologized for the assertion.
“The first lady apologizes for her words conveying something completely different than pure admiration and love for the Latino community,” her spokeswoman Michael LaRosa wrote on Twitter.
The journey to Texas was supposed to attraction to Spanish-speaking voters forward of the midterm elections to Congress this fall, a bunch that has historically been vital to Democrats.


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Teachers within the American Language Center are dedicated and collegial gurus, with their learners as their initially fascination. All lecturers for the ALC ought to possess at least a Bachelor's diploma and may be Accredited in Instructing English like a Foreign Language (TEFL/TESOL), from a facial area-to-facial area certification study course of at the least one hundred twenty Make contact with hours, including a exercise instructing element and reflective comments. places??along the route, which the Mines and Geosciences Bureau attributed to the fragility in the rock foundation, the abandoned mining operations near the street and the natural ground fractures that were undetectable in the 1900s. |Berlitz Colombia is providing indigenous amount English speakers, with TESOL certificates and no less than a Bachelor´s degree, the prospect to examine the interesting Colombian tradition by training inside their language centres in Bogota and ... Posted: two weeks ago|The Spanish presidencia, which was Found at Bagiw with the vicinity of Guisad Valley was later moved to Cariño's home in which the current town hall stands. Bagiw, a neighborhood phrase for "moss" once abundant in the region was converted via the Spaniards into Baguio, which served since the name with the rancheria.[seven]|* ?�網?��??�載之內容資?�僅供參?�用，�??��?確資?�均以領事館?�佈?�準??Beneath the Köppen local climate classification, Baguio encompasses a subtropical highland local weather (Cwb) that carefully borders a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Town is recognized for its mild local weather owing to its significant elevation. The temperature in the town is often about seven??8|eight} levels Celsius decreased when compared to the temperature in the lowland region.|�?????�?�?????�???�?�?�?�???????????�?�???????�??� �???�???�?�?Do you've expertise teaching languages and a passion for sharing your love of various languages and cultures with Some others? Do you excel at encouraging Other individuals enhance their capacity to communicate your native tongue? Then ... Posted: three weeks in the past}
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domain: geography


text:
Roses are a symbol of love. If you have ever fallen in love, then I’m sure you would have expressed it using a red rose. Haven’t you? So how can you leave these blooms out of the picture when it comes to the most special day of your life? Well, you’ve guessed it correct. I am talking about you to buy bulk wedding roses and spread the love in the air on your special day.
- Use it decorate the venue. There are virtually endless decoration ideas when it comes embellishing the venue for your wedding using roses. You can use them as the perfect entrance. Decorate the entrance door with rose buds and create a festive look. Create a wall full of roses and use it as the background for photo-shoot on your special day. And, the feeling of a being a show stopper is lurking right around the corner for you!
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text:
Actress Han So-hee shared her recent situation.
On Jan 12th, Han So-hee uploaded some images on her SNS without any special caption.
In the photos, Han So-hee was taking a selfie while getting her makeup done. At that time, the tattoos on her arms were completely erased and her thin forearms were revealed, drawing everyone’s attention.
Meanwhile, Han So-hee has recently gained worldwide recognition with the success of Netflix’s series “My Name“. Currently, her romance music drama “Soundtrack #1” in collaboration with Park Hyung-sik is about to be released.

domain: celebrity


text:
In a survey of youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), nearly 9% reported suicidal/death ideation, highlighting the importance of suicide risk assessment in this population, according to study results published in Diabetes Care.
The American Diabetes Association recommends routine screening for psychological comorbidities in patients with T1D, given evidence that patients are at increased risk for depression and suicide. The goal of the current study was to explore the role of comprehensive suicide risk assessments in youth and young adults with T1D.
The study cohort included 550 individuals with T1D aged 10 to 24 years who were screened from January 2016 to June 2017, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Of these patients, 49 (8.9%) endorsed suicide/death ideations on the questionnaire and completed a standardized suicide risk assessment protocol that contained questions on desire and ideation, resolved plans and preparations, and other risk categories.
Clinically elevated symptoms of depression were reported in 83.4% of the patients who endorsed suicidal ideation compared with 9.6% of the overall sample.
A previous suicide attempt was reported by 8 patients (16.3%), 4 of whom used T1D supplies in their attempt. A total of 9 patients reported that they had devised prior plans to attempt suicide by overdosing on insulin (3 respondents) or pills (2 respondents). All patients denied having a current plan to die by suicide, and none reported any preparations for a future attempt.
As for suicide risk assessment classification, most individuals (79.6%) were classified as low risk, 4.1% as low to moderate risk, 12.2% as moderate risk, and 4.1% as moderate to severe risk. By the end of follow-up, no patients had completed suicide.
The study had several limitations, including its retrospective design and missing information on diabetes distress.
“[T]he assessment of suicidal/death ideations is an urgent need in all youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Using a standardized framework, assessing suicide risk as part of routine pediatric type 1 diabetes care is feasible,” concluded the researchers.
Majidi S, O’Donnell HK, Stanek K, Youngkin E, Gomer T, Driscoll KA. Suicide risk assessment in youth and young adults with type 1 diabetes [published online December 10, 2019]. Diabetes Care. doi:10.2337/dc19-0831


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The Rev. Franklin Graham is blasting Caitlyn Jenner's decision to pose nude for the cover of Sports Illustrated, calling it "moral bankruptcy."
"What happens when you remove biblical standards and leadership from a country? Moral bankruptcy, that's what," Graham wrote in a Facebook post Monday.
"CBS News just reported that Caitlyn Jenner will pose nude for the cover of Sports Illustrated, draped only in his Olympic gold medal and an American flag. There's a lot wrong with that picture!"
Graham was referencing recent reports
that said Jenner, formerly known as Olympic gold medalist Bruce Jenner, will appear on the cover of an upcoming issue of the sports magazine.
Jenner is transgender and became known as Caitlyn last September.
Graham also references other examples of what he calls the immoral "agenda" in today's media world, including a New York Times story about legalizing prostitution and supporters of a children's movie sequel calling for a lesbian character.
"God calls His people to be salt and light in a dark world. Pray for our nation, and get involved by standing up for God's truth and His righteousness," Graham writes.
© 2022 Newsmax. All rights reserved.


Nicole Sia is the Managing Editor for Townsquare Media's national brands.
2015 Billboard Music Awards: Watch All the Performances
The 2015 Billboard Music Awards packed its three-hour broadcast chock full of incredible musical performances and collaborations on Sunday night (May 17). Watch them all here.
B.B. King, Legendary Blues Guitarist, Dead at 89
B.B. King — singer, songwriter and groundbreaking blues guitarist — died peacefully in his sleep Thursday evening in his home in Las Vegas. He was 89.


text:
I'll start from the beginning.
In high school, I had attempted suicide and was diagnosed with depression. For two years I was prescribed Paxil before I eventually decided to be weaned off of the medication. The next few years went fine. I was rarely, if ever, more depressed than normally and when I was I was sure to find someone to talk to about it without resorting to what I had done in the past.
Since I am trying to include everything, I should mention that, since some time last year, perhaps November, I have no had a menstrual cycle (save for in April). I thought little of it, stupidly, because I am overweight and have heard when women become overweight or obese that sometimes their menstrual cycles stop suddenly. The one time I did have one was this past April, as I have said, and that was because I had gone to the gynecologist and had been given hormones to start one. Since that last one, I still do not have them regularly.
My trouble started in March, however. One morning, around eight, I still hadn't gone to bed because I was typically someone who slept all day and stayed up late at night. I started having palpitations and chest pains and called 911. At the hospital they told me there was nothing visibly wrong with my heart, the EKG was normal, and they prescribed 25mg of Atenolol, which I still take to this day. They set up an appointment with a cardiologist, and after a few more hospital trips and trouble breathing, I had tests done and they've said there's nothing wrong with my heart (and that I didn't have mitrol valve prolapse, as we had thought). So I got an appointment with my old psychiatrist, and was given an SSRI by my doctor.
It didn't take more than a few days before the SSRI seemed to make my attacks worse. One day I started having them pretty regular, back to back, and had trouble breathing. So I went to urgent care and was given Ativan. And in all my subsequent trips I've been given Xanax, Kolonopin, and another whose name I can't remember. Needless to say, each seemed to offer little relief, and actually seemed to make the symptoms worse.
I also wound up being told I had a UTI and was given a host of antibiotics that haven't helped the pain I often get in my pelvis and lower back.
After describing the experiences to my doctor, and telling her about my absent cycle, she had me take a twenty-four hour urine test which, according to her, said that my dopamine levels were low. So we've scheduled an appointment with an endocrinologist, but another doctor (the offices I've been going to have been having a shortage) had me take another test, because he's convinced I may have Cushing's Syndrome. I've done the test, but I'm waiting for an appointment for the ultrasound.
My current problem is that recently, within the past few weeks, I've had more and more trouble sleeping. When I try to sleep, I'm made more aware of my heartbeat, which seems to make me anxious. I also tend to have frequent stomach pains, hot flashes, and chest pain, but without palpitations, coupled with the pelvic/back pain. Lately I've noticed that during the day I constantly feel weak, almost as though I may pass out at any moment, my vision is blurred and sometimes I even see spots. Sometimes I'll get a little relief from burping when I have the chest pain, but rarely. I'm also getting random, sudden pains in my chest that feel like a sort of tightening, if that makes any sense. Anything I eat is reacted to negatively by my body, whether it be stomach pain or nausea diarrhea. What I mean to say is I don't think Cushing's is the proper diagnosis, and I'm not sure if this is merely anxiety. Any help?
The short list of it, since I've typed an eyeful, and I'm still missing out on things I've experienced:
- frequent severe and sudden pains in pelvis/lower back
- occasional trouble breathing
- chest/throat pain without palpitations
- constant weakness/lightheadedness
- blurred vision/seeing spots
- hot flashes
- spot headaches
- sudden, painful tightness in chest that lasts for a few seconds and happens at least three times a day, randomly
- no menstrual cycles
- gastrointestinal problems/negative reactions to any/all food
- taking 25mg Atenolol daily
- normal ekg tests, no high blood pressure, normal echocardiogram, 24-hour urine test suggests low level hormones, normal thyroid tests
I'm really just sick of everyone telling me oh, it's just anxiety. I rarely eat because I know that anything that passes my lips will upset my system, and it takes a good five hours before I finally drift off to sleep. I get more than enough sleep and yet I always feel tired and like I'll faint at any moment, and I'm worried about that happening when I'm home alone.