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Introduction Sub-Saharan African (SSA) women with breast cancer (BC) have low survival rates from this potentially treatable disease. An understanding of context-specific societal, health-systems and woman-level barriers to BC early detection, diagnosis and treatment are needed.
Methods The African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) is a prospective hospital-based study of overall survival, impact on quality of life (QOL) and delays along the journey to diagnosis and treatment of BC in SSA. ABC-DO is currently recruiting in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. Women aged 18 years or older who present at participating secondary and tertiary hospitals with a new clinical or histocytological diagnosis of primary BC are invited to participate. For consented women, tumour characteristics, specimen and treatment data are obtained. Over a 2-year enrolment period, we aim to recruit 2000 women who, in the first instance, will be followed for between 1 and 3 years. A face-to-face baseline interview obtains information on socioeconomic, cultural and demographic factors, QOL, health and BC attitudes/knowledge, and timing of all prediagnostic contacts with caregivers in orthodox health, traditional and spiritual systems. Responses are immediately captured on mobile devices that are fed into a tailored mobile health (mHealth) study management system. This system implements the study protocol, by prompting study researchers to phone women on her mobile phone every 3 months and, failing to reach her, prompts contact with her next-of-kin. At follow-up calls, women provide updated information on QOL, care received and disease impacts on family and working life; date of death is asked of her next-of-kin when relevant.
Ethics and dissemination The study was approved by ethics committees of all involved institutions. All participants provide written informed consent. The findings from the study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presented to funders and relevant local organisations and at scientific conferences.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
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Strengths and limitations of this study
This protocol describes an ongoing prospective cohort study across five countries in sub-Saharan Africa (emphasising a within-African cross-country perspective).
The study uses a mHealth tool for study management and standardisation of data collection in real-time.
The generic set-up of the study's mobile platform means that other funded sites could easily join African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO).
The African settings pose many challenges—for example, minimising losses to follow-up, and obtaining valid information on disease progression and mortality.
This is a hospital-based study and, hence, will not capture the experience of women who solely seek care elsewhere (eg, traditional or spiritual healers).
Similar to global patterns, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),1 with 94 000 new cases of breast cancer and 48 000 deaths due to breast cancer occurring in 2012. This burden is projected to double between 2012 and 2030 due to population ageing and expansion.2 While breast cancer is, on average, a good-prognosis cancer in high-income countries, in SSA its prognosis is considerably lower.3 Excessive deaths due to breast cancer are reflected in a high breast cancer mortality:incidence ratio of 0.50 in SSA in 2012, twice that of Western Europe (0.24).2
Research on survival and outcomes of women having breast cancer in SSA is scarce. Among the studies that have been conducted, the 5-year survival estimates of women having breast cancer reveal that the 5-year survival estimates are near or below 50% in SSA,4–8 contrasting with 73% and 85% among black and white women in the US, respectively.9 However, many of these SSA studies are now either outdated,4–7 were conducted retrospectively,5 ,10 ,11 or with no linkable vital status registers and active follow-up; their losses to follow-up were often large adding uncertainty to survival estimates. In addition, prognostic and predictive factors examined were limited to only a few clinical and therapeutic factors.5 ,8 ,10–12 Of these factors, improved survival was found for women diagnosed at stages I/II than for those diagnosed at stages III/IV,5 ,6 ,8 ,12 demonstrating the potential to save lives if down staging could be achieved. Nevertheless, the potential for survival gains may be hampered by the relatively young patient profile in SSA, reflecting the young age structure of the underlying population, as younger age is associated with poorer survival.13 Further, while a predominance of more aggressive breast cancer subtypes (eg, triple-negative tumours) in some settings would impede survival prospects,14 ,15 the totality of evidence across SSA from the largest studies and from a meta-analysis demonstrate a clear predominance of better prognosis oestrogen receptor-positive tumours.16 ,17
An updated prospective and more comprehensive study of the entire journey of women with breast cancer in SSA is needed, that is, the journey from her first noticing symptoms through to the postdiagnostic treatment period and to subsequent disease cure, recurrence or spread. Influences on certain components of this journey have previously been studied in the SSA setting. Treatment received may depend on its availability, affordability, accessibility, quality and adherence in the presence of other comorbidities, and also its acceptability to patients who use traditional or other healers for healthcare.18 Patients may not complete the recommended treatment courses, due to lack of funds, no bed space in the hospital and particular to some settings, feeling well after initial treatment—the ‘paradox of wellness and non-adherence’.19–21 Further, for the multidisciplinary management of breast cancer, not all SSA health systems have accessible and adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities.22 Radiotherapy facilities in particular are lacking in much of SSA, while centralised oncology facilities are often at large distances from rural health centres and women's homes. Finally, SSA settings have a considerable number of HIV-positive patients with breast cancer23 whose survival and treatment tolerance need further investigation.24
On the basis of the available literature and the research teams' experience in SSA, we hypothesised that:
Poor survival from breast cancer in Africa is largely attributed to, in descending order of magnitude: late stage at diagnosis, lack of access to and compliance with appropriate treatment, tumour aggressiveness and comorbidities.
Breast cancer survival probabilities in certain African settings are better than in others, demonstrating realistic improvements that can be achieved to avoid deaths from this disease.
Lack of receptor status testing impacts on survival of women suffering from breast cancer especially for early stage disease.
Inappropriate treatment and lack of treatment adherence, due to poor availability of treatment, its lack of affordability and toxicity (eg, due to coexisting HIV), contribute to poor survival of women suffering from breast cancer.
A woman's socioeconomic position, education and culture influence her health beliefs and health seeking behaviour both prior to and post breast cancer diagnosis.
The African Breast Cancer—Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) study was designed specifically to examine the entire breast cancer journey and test these hypotheses.
Methods and analysis
Study design overview
ABC-DO is a hospital-based prospective observational study of outcomes after breast cancer diagnosis in five SSA countries: Namibia and South Africa in Southern Africa, Zambia and Uganda in eastern Africa and Nigeria in western Africa. Recruitment initiation was staggered across the participating hospitals, between September 2014 and early 2016 (table 1). At each site, over a 2-year period of enrolment, all women newly diagnosed with breast cancer are invited to participate in the study. Participation involves a baseline face-to-face interview with a study research assistant (RA) on the woman's presentation at the participating hospital, after which each participant is followed up by mobile phone for, in the first instance, at least one and up to 3 years (ie, with the funding presently in place). Data on factors hypothesised to have a direct impact on survival (proximal factors) such as tumour biology and treatment received are predominantly extracted from hospital records (patient notes, pathology reports, etc), using a standardised study proforma. Factors hypothesised to have an indirect impact on survival (distal factors) such as socioeconomic factors that influence diagnosis delays (figure 1) are obtained directly from the participants during the baseline interview. The full prediagnostic experience from first symptom recognition, every contact with caregivers, through to diagnosis are also obtained at baseline interview (figure 2).
At three-monthly intervals after the baseline interview, the study RA telephones the woman, or when appropriate, her next-of-kin, to obtain data on vital status, treatment side effects, treatment compliance and health status and possible barriers to healthcare utilisation and treatment adherence. To implement this protocol and to reduce losses to follow-up, mHealth technologies are used throughout.
Hospitals participating in ABC-DO to date are settings where: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) had already established,16–25 or were developing, a successful collaboration in breast cancer research; the site has at least 100 newly diagnosed women with breast cancer each year; and the selected sites together span countries and hospitals with contrasting patient profiles, catchment populations and health systems. Notably, ABC-DO countries are at different stages of the breast cancer transition, with breast cancer age-standardised incidence rates per 100 000 women in 2012 ranging from 22–28 in Zambia, Namibia and Uganda, to 42–50 in South Africa and Nigeria.2 The key characteristics of each site are summarised in table 1. All settings are located in the largest metropolitan area of the respective country, with the exception of the Nigerian hospitals, which are based in neighbouring south-eastern states of Abia and Imo. The Namibian and South African settings are similar in terms of routine at-diagnosis triple-receptor assessment, affordable care to most resident patients, and availability of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Both settings also have a relatively high HIV prevalence among the general population, and thus among younger patients with breast cancer.23 However, these two sites have contrasting catchment populations; Windhoek Central Hospital serves the entire country of Namibia while the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital serves a similarly sized local population within a 50 km radius of Soweto. Treatment expenses also vary by setting, with a range of minimal fees, which are often waived, to fees fully paid for by the patient and/or their families. In the Nigerian, Ugandan and Zambian sites, access to standard diagnostic and therapeutic management depends greatly on its availability at the time of treatment, as well as affordability to patients.
Women eligible for inclusion in ABC-DO are those who have confirmed primary breast cancer, through either a histopathological/cytological or clinical diagnosis, are aged 18 years or over at the time of diagnosis and are being newly seen at the participating hospital. All such patients are invited to participate regardless of their stage at diagnosis, ethnicity/race, country of origin, or place of current or past residence, previous history of no breast cancer or of any treatment considerations (treatment type, intention, affordability, private/public sector). A patient who had preliminary surgery or confirmatory biopsy at another clinic and subsequently referred to the participating ABC-DO hospital for further treatment is eligible. Patients who present with a second primary breast cancer are also eligible. There is the potential that some enrolled women will in fact present with recurrences rather than a second primary cancer—full diagnostic and treatment details of any previous breast problem, including breast cancer, are being obtained from all women so that at a later stage, all women reporting a positive history can be evaluated and excluded where appropriate. A patient who has already started her treatment for breast cancer at a participating hospital is not eligible.
Where tissue/cell sampling is performed, on histo(cyto)pathological confirmation, women diagnosed with either in-situ (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) D05) or invasive breast carcinomas (ICD-10 C50) remain included, whereas if microscopic evaluation indicates a benign lesion (eg, ICD-10 D24), the patient is excluded. If histo(cyto)pathological evaluation is not performed or the microscopic diagnosis, for any reason, remains indeterminable but her physician is treating her for breast cancer, the woman remains in the study. Clinically diagnosed breast cancers are included, because ABC-DO is an observational study, which attempts to capture the reality of the breast cancer situation in each setting; the study itself does not fund, and thus does not require, histo(cyto)pathological confirmation for enrolment, but if tissue is taken as part of the routine diagnostic work-up, consent to use it for research is obtained.
Enrolment and baseline interview
All women presenting with suspected breast cancer diagnosis are invited to participate in ABC-DO; we do not wait until the diagnosis is confirmed to start identification of cases as some women never return for diagnosis and treatment. Through close liaison between clinicians and study RAs, the latter are alerted whenever the clinician identifies a suspected new patient with breast cancer. Before the treatment begins, the RA approaches the woman. After providing study information, the woman can choose to participate at that time, delay her decision or not participate. The number of women who refuse and their reason for refusal are being recorded, as is the number of women who are too ill to participate.
If women consent to participate in the study, at a minimum they are asked to complete the baseline interview, provide access to their medical records and be followed up through telephonic contact thereafter. The baseline interview obtains information on breast cancer risk factors, socioeconomic information, health attitudes, knowledge and beliefs. Women are asked about the dates they first noticed their symptoms, and all further dates when they informed another person or made contact with any service, system or professional for help/treatment/relief, including public and private health facilities, traditional healers, faith healers and religious institutions. The woman's own knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and causes are ascertained. At enrolment women are given a study contact card with the RA's telephone number.
Clinical, pathological and treatment information
Standard proformas are used to record all clinical, pathological and treatment information, or, to extract these from medical notes, as per the local site's preference. During the diagnostic period, this information includes clinical presentation of the breast mass, its size and extension, and where available, histo(cyto)pathological diagnosis and the status of receptors (oestrogen, progesterone and HER2 via immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH)). If any of this information is not available, we also record the reason why (eg, no capacity to perform test, patient cannot pay for test, results indeterminable). The study enrolment date is the date of baseline interview. Thereafter, there may be significant delays during the diagnostic period, thus so as to not exclude this important time window where survival gains could be made, the study RA obtains each of the dates at first presentation, date of biopsy/cytology and date of histocytological confirmation. Patient management information is also ascertained, including on surgical procedures, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and palliative care. For each treatment, the intended course is documented as well as the actual received treatment, and where these deviate, the reasons why. Updated disease status, including recurrence and metastases, will be recorded if and when the woman returns to the hospital.
At enrolment, women are also asked to provide consent for their tumour specimen to be used for research purposes (if such a specimen exists), including for genomic studies and, if not already performed as part of the diagnostic work-up, for IHC. The type and timing of the tumour specimen collection in relation to chemotherapy initiation is individually recorded for each specimen. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumour blocks will be sent to IARC for histopathological review and complementary studies. At the end of the study, morphological types, receptors' status and molecular subtypes will be independently evaluated at IARC and compared across sites. In some sites, women are also asked to provide a saliva sample for DNA extraction (Oragene DNA research kits). The convenient room-temperature storage of such samples makes them a viable solution for standardised DNA collection.
Patient and next-of-kin contact: follow-up methodology
Most SSA countries have no national identification systems or linkable electronic records of vital status thus ABC-DO requires a proactive approach to follow-up. Every 3 months, women are contacted to repeatedly update contact details for their next-of-kin. This telephone call is also used to obtain information on health, side-effects during treatments (neuropathy, hair loss), indications of potential recurrence (pain in chest, breathlessness, pain in armpit), care she is receiving and any changes to her family and work life. If the woman cannot be contacted repeatedly, the mHealth system prompts the RA to telephone her next-of-kin; if they inform the RA that the woman has passed away, information on the date of death and cause of death are obtained. In the instance where a death is reported by the woman's next-of-kin, while vital status and date of death may be accurate, cause of death information will be limited especially for patients who have multiple chronic morbidities.
Maintaining contact with patients by mobile phone is a novel methodological component, and, over the short-term has been successful in Africa,26 but the present study will evaluate the performance of this method over longer periods of time. Contact rates may be compromised by frequent changes of SIM cards or problems with mobile phone network connectivity.
ABC-DO mHealth application
To facilitate data collection and assist in the complex study management of timely contact with woman and/or their next-of kin, a specialised mHealth study tool is being employed. This application was specifically designed for the purpose of the ABC-DO study by Mobenzi Technologies (Pty), a South African mHealth solutions company specialised in m-application (app) development and support for health research. This m-technology has been successfully implemented in several studies.27 ,28 Screen shots of the app are shown in figure 3. Some of its features are:
The app's mobile interface is simple to use. Each RA has a mobile phone (or tablet with call capability) for data capture at the face-to-face baseline interview. At follow-up interviews, the RA's phone is used with a headset to call the patient's mobile or fixed line, with the RA immediately entering the woman's responses given over the telephone onto the app. All questionnaires/forms for each stage of data capture are contained on the app and administered through the app. Regardless of the complexity of the questionnaire, RAs simply respond to each question one-by-one. Automatic validation checks are incorporated, for example, to check patient eligibility, and most questions are in the format of predefined single or multiple options. There are few free-text fields and standardised data are captured in easily analysable formats.
The ABC-DO app is installed on the RAs' mobiles and automatically communicates with the Mobenzi web platform. Network connectivity is not required at the time of data capture, but is needed to automatically upload captured data, after which no data remain on the mobile phone.
The web platform provides automatic coordination and remote monitoring of the fieldwork. Each RA's mobile phone downloads a ‘to do’ list daily with relevant information on which patients are due follow-up. Investigators are able to remotely track the progress of the fieldwork in real-time and keep in touch with the RAs on the ground, creating a closer motivated team.
Data are encrypted and securely stored with access control codes defining levels of access (eg, local investigators have access to the data from their centre; while the study coordinator has access to all the data).
The above app is being used with one exception, the South African site. Their breast clinic already had a successfully operational database which contains information for the clinical management of patients, and treatment, as well as questions on barriers to diagnosis. Fields for the follow-up have been added so as to implement the ABC-DO design.
Data analysis plan
Overall survival analysis will be carried out using time since first presentation at the hospital as the relevant timescale. Absolute survival probabilities overall, and stratified by baseline characteristics, will be examined using Kaplan-Meier curves for sites and subsets of women of interest for example, by stage and for invasive breast carcinoma only. Relative survival estimates29 will be used to compare overall survival between sites as background mortality rates differ greatly between countries, especially in HIV-endemic populations.
To investigate determinants of survival within sites, Cox proportional hazard models will be used to estimate relative risks of survival time since baseline interview associated with explanatory variables including baseline factors (eg, age, ethnicity, tumour characteristics) as well as time-changing explanatory variables (eg, having received chemotherapy, number of chemotherapy rounds). Effects will be compared across sites before pooling the data across sites and estimating effects in a single Cox model stratified by site to account for between-site differences in the baseline hazards of death. In doing this, power will be gained to examine less-common exposures (eg, the effect of non-adherence to treatment, or survival in less common stages). To investigate the indirect determinants of survival (eg, socioeconomic factors, distance to hospital), crude HRs will be compared with those adjusted for relevant clinical variables to identify confounding and/or the pathways through which these indirect factors operate. We will also investigate the duration of the prediagnostic journey and its determinants using linear regression models and logistic regression models for a diagnostic journey of over 6 months, and for late-stage diagnosis.
The study aims to evaluate proximal and distal determinants of overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis, and to do so separately in each participating country. In each country, over 2 years of recruitment, smaller and larger centres are expected to have, respectively, ∼300 and 500 women recruited, with an average 2-year follow-up time. As diagnostic stage is a major prognostic factor, assuming 2-year survival probabilities of 0.85 for stage I/II and 0.5 for stage III/IV, the number of deaths at a site with 50% stage I/II disease is 100 and 160 for the smaller and larger sites, respectively. With 100 deaths, for an exposure prevalence of 30% and 50%, the study will have 80% power to detect HRs of 1.7 and 2.6; and in larger sites with 160 deaths, we have the power to detect HRs of at least 1.5 and 2.1, respectively.
Potential for expansion
The generic set-up of the ABC-DO mHealth study platform via an easily translatable and transportable m-platform means that other funded sites, especially in unrepresented francophone or lusophone Africa, are welcome to join this initiative.
Ethics and dissemination
ABC-DO does not involve invasive procedures or the alteration of standard clinical care. Patient information sheets are available in local languages, and explain in lay language the aims of the study, what the study involves and what will be asked from the participants. To avoid women agreeing to participate under false impressions of benefits to their treatment, the information sheets emphasise that a woman's participation: (1) will be entirely voluntary and that the woman will be entitled to withdraw at any time; (2) will not alter the standard clinical care that she will be offered and (3) will not cover diagnostic or treatment costs. Informed written consent is obtained from literate women. Local/institutional ethics guidelines are followed for obtaining proper consent from illiterate women (eg, patient's fingerprint as an alternative to a signature).
Findings from the study will be disseminated through presentations at both international and African-focused health conferences (eg, African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer), and submitted for publication to international peer-reviewed journals.
The authors thank the women who participated in this study. They also thank the dedicated team of study research assistants, notably Johanna Pontac, Allen Naamala, Teopista Nakazibwe, Agnes Kaggwa, Anne Nteziryayo, Chris Sule Oyamienlen, Kingsley Iwuoha, Esther Ezeigbo, Evelyn Bakengesa, Mirriam Mudolo and Mildred Lusaka.
Contributors VM had the original idea for this study. VM and IdSS designed the core study. FM wrote the first version of the manuscript. All the authors contributed to the development of the current study design, critically revised the manuscript and approved the final submitted version.
Funding ABC-DO is supported by the Susan G Komen for the Cure Foundation (IIR 13264158 to IARC and as part of ‘Implementing breast cancer care efficiency in Zambia through specialised health provider training and m-health evaluation of patient outcomes’ for the Zambian site) and by IARC.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Obtained.
Ethics approval The study was approved by ethics committees of all involved institutions: IARC (IEC 13-19, IEC15-18), LSHTM (6459), Federal Medical Centre Owerri, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (004-08-15), University of Witwatersrand (SA), Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS 1588) and the Ministry of Health and Social Services of Namibia (17/3/3).
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.


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It was the school place race that had Birmingham parents in a real sweat.
The tiny catchment area was England’s fourth smallest in 2014, according to a new study.
In September that year, the pupil who clinched the last available place lived just 108 metres from the school – and every four-year-old who started there was drawn from a handful of surrounding streets.
No comment was available from the school, but the clamour for a spot was perhaps understandable.
Run by headteacher Rubina Darr, it was rated “outstanding” by education watchdog Ofsted when it was last inspected in November 2014.
Ofsted said pupils made “excellent progress” – despite most speaking English as an additional language.
A total of 82 per cent were also classed as being from “disadvantaged families”.
Schools data service FindASchool compiled the list of the country’s 100 most popular primaries, all with catchment areas of less than 300 metres.
Two other schools in Birmingham were also included in the list compiled using data from the last two years.
Nechells E-ACT Academy was ranked 12th with a catchment area of just 169 metres in 2014.
Deykin Avenue Junior and Infant School in Witton was placed 36th with a cut-off point of 224 metres.
Top of the list was Fox Primary School in London’s plush Kensington.
It had a cut-off distance of 98 metres in 2014 and counts ballerina Darcey Bussell and the late politician Tony Benn’s daughter Melissa as former pupils.
The race is on for a primary school place, with the deadline for September 2016 reception class applications falling on Friday.
But, according to FindASchool’s figures, many children could be left disappointed - with four in ten nationally missing out on their first choice of schools in 2015.
The Mail told last April how catchment areas in Birmingham were shrinking as a baby boom and rising immigration sparked a primary school place crisis .
Ed Rushton and Dominic Blackburn, who launched FindASchool in collaboration with directory inquiries website 192.com, said they found the schools’ admissions system a complex process.
“We found a bewildering array of different approaches to allocating places at oversubscribed schools,” said Mr Rushton.
“These range from the very simple, through to the incomprehensibly complex.”
The Friday deadline also applies to Year 2 pupils attending an infant school who need to apply for a Year 3 place at a separate junior school.
The council urged parents to apply online at www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite/schooladmissions

domain: news


text:
The Reds made contact with the German's representatives today about him succeeding Brendan Rodgers who was sacked following the 1-1 draw with Everton yesterday.
And Starsport understand the former Borussia Dortmund boss could be appointed before the end of the week following successful opening talks.
Klopp is the clear favourite to replace Rodgers but former Chelsea and Real Madrid manager Carlo Ancelotti is also a contender should talks breakdown.
Klopp, 48, has been out of work since leaving Dortmund at the end of last season following a disappointing campaign which saw them in the relegation zone during the first half of the season.
However, he boasts an impressive C.V. having led the club to two Bundesliga titles as well as the 2013 Champions League final.
Klopp took an indefinite sabbatical following his departure from the Westfalenstadion but claimed last month that he was ready to return to management if the right job came along.
And he is open to taking the Liverpool hot seat provided the right conditions are met.
Liverpool officials moved quickly after giving Rodgers the boot as they aim to have a new man in place by the time they face Tottenham after the international break on October 17.
Club owners Fenway Sports Group lost patience with the former Swansea boss after a run of of results which saw Liverpool win only one of their last nine games in normal time.
The Reds lie 10th in the Premier League table after eight games although they are just three points off a top-four spot.
Rodgers today released a statement through the League Managers Association in which he spoke of his disappointment at his three-and-a-half year reign coming to an end.
"I am, of course, incredibly disappointed to be leaving Liverpool Football Club," he said.
"It has been both an honour and a privilege to manage one of the game's great clubs for the last three years.
"I have worked every day to represent the club to the best of my ability, to develop both individual players and a team that the club's magnificent fans can be proud of.
"There have been some very memorable moments during my time at Liverpool and I would like to thank all of the players for their hard work and commitment.
"The current squad is one in transition, but they have some real talent and are showing a strong sense of togetherness.
"I expect to see them continue to grow and develop over the coming weeks and I wish them and my successor well for the rest of the season.
"Liverpool has a magnificent football heritage and I have nothing but respect and admiration for the history, tradition and values that make the city and the club so exceptional.
"As well as my players, I would like to thank everyone connected with the club; Fenway Sports Group, the Liverpool Directors, in particular Ian Ayre, my coaching staff, the staff throughout the club, the volunteers, the Academy staff and its young players and of course the amazing Liverpool fans for their unwavering support, passion and dedication which has made my time at the club so special.
"Finally, I would like to give a special mention to John W. Henry, Tom Werner and Mike Gordon. They gave me this great opportunity and even though we will no longer be working together I am sure our relationship and friendship will continue into the future."


February 26, 2015 - 9:50 am
NEW YORK — A trucker accused of using a James Bond-style retractable bumper to evade a $95 toll on the George Washington Bridge has been charged with using burglary tools, police said on Thursday.
Hauling a load of candy across the bridge toward New York City on Wednesday, Pablo Ortega flipped a switch on his dashboard as he approached the toll gates over the Hudson River. That engaged a device that tilted up the truck’s bumper and attached license plate, said Joseph Pentangelo, a spokesman for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police.
“The officer positioned at the toll booth sees the bumper lift to a 90-degree angle. This makes it unreadable to the EZ-Pass reader,” Pentangelo said, referring to the electronic device that collects the toll from vehicles at the bridge entrance at Fort Lee, New Jersey.
The Port Authority, which operates the bridge, charges a $95 toll for an 18-wheeler crossing the Hudson into upper Manhattan.
Authorities also found the rear license plate of the red 1997 Peterbilt tractor-trailer was obscured with grease and unreadable.
Ortega, 45, of the New York borough of Queens is the owner-operator of the big rig. He was charged with tampering with public records and possession of burglary tools. It was not known how many times he had used the device.
“He did volunteer that the kit cost him about $2,500,” said Pentangelo, noting its legal use is to protect bumpers from getting scraped at construction sites and other places with uneven pavement.
The device is the most sophisticated used so far by a toll scofflaw, said Pentangelo, noting others have created homemade devices to lift up the license plate itself or have used tape to obscure the plate.


Buckeyes, Badgers set for Big Ten championship game.
Big Ten still on the outside as top four stays the same.
Ohio State’s division title celebration muted with Michigan next.
Buckeyes score 38 straight points to start game, improve to 9-2.
Big Ten title game set following UM loss, OSU win.
Buckeyes mainstays play final game in Columbus on Saturday.
Buckeyes play struggling Illini in final home game.
Buckeyes are now a 41-point favorite against visiting Illini.
Ohio State found success on the ground against Michigan State.
Buckeyes could keep alignment from MSU game


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Despatches from Moscow say that at the Garrison Club on January 27 a mock trial took place in which God figured as the accused. The trial was witnessed by 5,000 Red Army officers and soldiers, Leon Trotzky and Secretary Lunatsharsky participating.
Evidence was presented for and against God, as a counter-revolutionary power, and speeches delivered by the “defense” and the “prosecution”. A verdict of “guilty” was announced at the end of the proceedings.
The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practices of the time they were published.

domain: history


FLOWERY BRANCH - The top-ranked Athens Christian girls track and field team was the only Class A team at the Flowery Branch Invitational on Saturday, but that didn't stop the Lady Eagles from taking top honors.
Athens Christian finished on top of 19 teams with 108 points and four first-place finishes. Redan finished in second and Dunwoody took third.
Mary Echols, last year's Banner-Herald girls track athlete of the year, took first in both the 100-meter hurdles and 300-meter hurdles.
Savannah Spranger added a first-place finish in the discus and Samantha Cortese finished first in the shot put.
Destiny Jenkins finished second in the 800 and third in the 1,600 run. Taylor Noggle added a second-place finish in the 3,200, and Emily Haley finished third in the pole vault.
► ACS BOYS FINISH FOURTH: The Athens Christian boys team finished fourth behind Dunwoody, Redan and Mill Creek on Saturday at the Flowery Branch Invitational.
Jordan Pickerell gave the Eagles their only first-place finish, taking top honors in the shot put. He also finished second in the discus. Levi Cummings added a second-place finish in the pole vault.
Josh Jenkins, a Kennesaw State signee, finished second in the 3,200- and 1,600-meter races. Zach Lillie finished second in the high jump.
► ATHENS CHRISTIAN 15, TALLULAH FALLS 1 (five innings): At Tallulah Falls, the Eagles won their fifth straight on Saturday, cruising to a mercy-rule win over the Indians.
Chris Rowe got his first win from the mound, pitching three no-hit innings and striking out five.
Zach Gretsch went 2-for-3 for the Eagles (9-1, 6-1 in Region 8-A) and Cameron Fields went 3-for-4, falling a homer shy of the cycle.
Athens Christian will host Hebron Christian on Thursday at 5:15 p.m.
► ELBERT COUNTY 5, JEFFERSON 1: At Elberton, Jefferson gave up four runs in the first inning and could not catch up Friday, dropping its Region 8-AA South record to 2-5.
Elbert County's Chance Yeargin held the Dragons to just one hit while striking out 15. Second baseman Drew Carson recorded the only hit for the Dragons.
Jefferson (3-6) will host North Oconee on Monday at 5:55 p.m.
► WARRIORS, TITANS STAY CLOSE: At White County, Oconee County finished 16th and North Oconee finished 17th at the 21st Annual White County Warrior Invitational on Saturday.
Brookstone finished first out of 24 teams with a score of 292. Oconee County bested North Oconee by a single stroke, 332-333. Jackson County finished 22nd with a score of 361.
Claxton Faulkner (80) and Will Barr (81) led the way for the Warriors and Brett Whitmire (85) and Zach McCook (86) also scored.
North Oconee was led by Charlie Haack's 80 and Davis Verner's 81. Tyler Williams and Dalton Greene each shot an 86.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


text:
Introducing the amazing and so sweet Heflin family! Karen and Houston have 4 beautiful girls and I just fell in love with all of their personalities. In birth order...Madelee, Emery, Haven, and the most recent addition is precious Gable. Such an easy family to shoot, so full of love and joy! I had so much fun and I hope you find some you really love.
Can I shoot ya'll again really soon??

domain: artistic


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Art collection to suit younger auction buyers
Author: Richard Brewster | Posted: 23rd March, 2016
A small collection of paintings and sculptures comprise Leonard Joel’s second petite contemporary art auction from 11.30am Thursday March 24 at 333 Malvern Road, South Yarra.
The inaugural petite contemorary art auction was held in 2015.
This collection includes street art, Roar school and minimalist works that appear to be favourites among younger buyers or discerning purchasers looking for something different.
Most of the works carry estimates of several hundreds of dollars.
Some of the more interesting works include Ron Mueck’s key ring It’s a Girl, Justin Lee Williams’ Untitled, and Daniel Truscott’s Surrealist themes and amusing titles exhibited here in Bird Flu 2005 and There is Always Tomorrow, painted the same year.
Ahmarnya Price’s diptych The Werewolf is an interesting piece bound to attract buyers, while Chris Booth’s Figure 1a (Study) 2010 certainly catches the eye.
Another painting worth considering is Mark Maglaic’s Faces 2008.


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Sue William Silverman’s fifth work of creative nonfiction, How to Survive Death and Other Inconveniences, is forthcoming from the University of Nebraska Press, as part of its American Lives Series, in March 2020. Her recent poetry collection is If the Girl Never Learns (Brick Mantel Books).
Sue’s first memoir, Because I Remember Terror, Father, I Remember You (University of Georgia Press, 1996), won the Association of Writers and Writing Programs award in creative nonfiction, and her second memoir, Love Sick: One Woman’s Journey through Sexual Addiction (W. W. Norton, 2001), was also made into a Lifetime television original movie nominated for two PRISM Awards. Her most recent book, a memoir-in-essays, The Pat Boone Fan Club: My Life as a White Anglo-Saxon Jew (University of Nebraska Press), was a finalist in Foreword Reviews’ IndieFab Book of the Year Award.
She is also the author of Fearless Confessions: A Writer’s Guide to Memoir (Georgia), and a poetry collection, Hieroglyphics in Neon (Orchises Press). One of Sue’s personal essays appears in The Touchstone Anthology of Contemporary Nonfiction: Work from 1970 to the Present (Simon & Schuster), while four other essays won national writing contests with Hotel Amerika, Mid-American Review, Water~Stone Review, and Blue Mesa Review. A flash essay is featured in brevity.com’s 20th Anniversary Special Issue.
Other poems and essays have appeared in such places as The Rumpus, Bellingham Review, Prairie Schooner, Chicago Tribune, Detroit Free Press, Arts & Letters, Creative Nonfiction, and River Teeth. Sue was featured in an interview in The Writer’s Chronicle and has been the subject of several documentaries including for the Discovery Channel and WE-TV. As a professional speaker, she has appeared on national radio and television programs such as “The View,” “Anderson Cooper-360” and “CNN-Headline News.” She holds an honorary doctorate from Aquinas College.
Silverman was interviewed at AWP 2019 by Rich Fahle, Executive Producer of PBS Books, on how AWP and writing change lives, including hers. Watch the full interview at PBS.org.
Learn more at www.SueWilliamSilverman.
BS - Communication/Journalism | Boston University


text:
Nigeria lost 1-0 to Cameroon in the first friendly played on Friday, June 4, 2021, but despite the loss, Rohr has insisted that his team’s progress and learning is the most important to him than just winning ahead of the second game on Tuesday, June 8.
“The most important thing is not the result, but it’s to progress to learn and to work,” the Franco-German lost.
Rohr had to scrappily put together a team after a host of withdrawals hit his squad before the friendly games.
16 players, including five defenders, two midfielders and several forwards, were missing from his initial squad for the game.
The struggle continues for Rohr ahead of the second game, with defenders William Troost-Ekong and Jamilu Collins ruled out of Tuesday’s game due to injuries.
Rohr called up Hungary –based Vincent Onovo, who arrived in the team hotel just after dinner on Sunday to get more bodies in defence.
A slew of changes is also expected, with Francis Uzoho in place of Okoye Maduka while Chidozie Awaziem and Valentine Ozornwafor have been confirmed to start the game.
Rohr has also hinted that he might use the three-man defence system with Moses Simon as a wing-back.
Another late invitee, Anthony Izuchukwu, from Slovakia, is another possibility.
“Some of the players who arrived from Nigeria were not so fit for the first game, but they have recovered well, and we are physically we will be better,” Rohr also said.
Friday’s defeat was Rohr’s first loss to Cameroon in four matches.
Defender Awaziem isn’t bothered about the loss and is looking ahead to the extensive tests ahead for the Super Eagles.
He, however, still stated that the team is not happy with the loss on Friday.
“It was a good test for us because we have a bigger test in front of us. The game was a good test for us but the problem is that we lost the game which we don’t like which everyone is not happy about,” Awaziem said.
“I think it was a good test, we could see the ability of everyone and know how to prepare for the second game.
“We also want to win the game because it will help our confidence.”
The game will kick off at 5 pm on Tuesday and will be played at the Stadion Wiener Neustadt.


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ever since gold and silver i've favored having cyndaquil in my party as soon as i can. i always nickname him zippo, cuz its cute and awesome at the same time :) --- games playing- pokemon white, animal crossing WW, Assassin's creed brotherhood, nier, and lollipop chainsaw
My favorites would have to be my very first team in the blue version. Venusaur, Jolteon, Ninetales, Golem, Gyarados, Pidgeot. --- I don't care which team wins the NBA playoffs...as long as it's not the Miami Heat.
Sandshrew will always hold a special place in my Pokémon heart. It was the very first one I ever saw.
A pity there are FAR better ground types out there than the Sandshrew family, but hey, liking something doesn't have to be about how effective or badarse it is, right? --- --- The best laid plans don't last a second in real life. In the end, all you can do is bum-rush your objective and hope for the best.
Ninetales. To me I think it's the most beautiful Pokemon there is, and is just all around very awesome. Shame my friend's Flygon always kills my Ninetales whenever we battle though. >_> --- PSN: Shibuya_Reaper 3DS FC: 3668-7261-4909
So many Umbreon fans (myself included). Not only do I like his design, but he beat Pokemon Stadium 2 with toxic stalling for me. It was very memorable to beat a challenging Pokemon game without spamming attack moves (*cough psychic cough*).

domain: game


text:
Learn more about Dr. Edward Schultz:
View the full profile to get information on:
- What's important to you
View full profile
- Currently 4 of 4 stars
The overall average patient rating of Dr. Edward Schultz is Excellent.
|Ease of Appointment||
|Spends Time with Me||
|Follows Up After Visit||
Specialties & Research
Dr. Edward Schultz, MD is board certified in Emergency Medicine.
Education & Awards
Dr. Schultz graduated from St. George's University, St Georges.
Dr. Schultz has 1 hospital affiliations:
- St Joseph Regional Health Center
Accepted Insurance Plans
Dr. Schultz accepts these health insurances in at least one office:
- Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas - 1 plan
- Aetna - 1 plan
Similar doctors nearby
- Additional Information
- Where does Dr. Edward J. Schultz practice?
Dr. Edward Schultz practices Emergency Medicine near Bryan, TX.
See Bryan Emergency Physicians.

domain: medical


text:
We are soon 8.000.000.000 people on the planet and according to waitbutwhy.com we would all fit into New Zealand if we lived as densely as people are doing on Manhattan. So, the world is not too small, but it might feel like that because of how we live and the way we live. Most of us live in cities or suburbs always surrounded by culture, society and people. Still, we feel more separation and loneliness than ever. All around us are strong power structures full of corruption and control which we cannot escape from completely in a fully colonized world. We live and act like we have lost all respect for nature and other fellow species on Earth. The society was created from and by the ego, it is run by the ego and we can’t solve our problems with the same level of consciousness they were created from.
More and more of us are starting to see through this and in a normal daily life we feel this disconnection to nature, each other and, most of all, ourselves. It’s easy to be distracted by social media, news, advertisements, our jobs, our responsibilities and the constant flow of overwhelming information. We want more simplicity, stillness, silence and peace. We seek love, truth, purpose, fulfillment and connection. How can we reconnect with fellow humans again? How can we reconnect and take better care of our bodies? How can we reconnect with our food and become conscious of how we consume? How can we reconnect with nature and start respecting animals? And how can we best reconnect with our inner self? Conscious communities are popping up all over the world created by humans that want a different lifestyle connected to nature and each other. The communities are founded on love and harmony and is inspired by how old tribes used to live.
How can we and how will we organize our society in the future? We work and pay taxes to keep the government alive and the governments act like they own the people. What if it was the other way around? The government should be working for us, support us and be owned by the people. How can we collaborate and trust each other in a world of so much separation?
Many people seems to believe that the battle is between capitalism and socialism. These are two concepts representing two opposite and crucial concepts; freedom and collaboration. We want freedom, individual expression and to be sovereign. On the other side we must also live together and collaborate. The distortion of socialism is too much top down control and the distortion of capitalism creates a hunger games society. We have tried both and none of the contrasts create a peaceful and harmonious society. The problem isn’t the concepts themselves but our own level of consciousness which is ruled by the ego and the illusion of separation. It manifests as imbalance in every area of society. We must change on the inside before we can change on the outside. When we move into oneness and unity consciousness, we live from love and from our heart space, we will perceive things differently, act differently and different solutions will come to us in return. Solutions that we still can’t perceive at our current level of consciousness.
An idea came to me about using technology to support us with collaboration on a local or global level. The idea consists of creating a fully transparent digital system using blockchain where all the government transactions are being monitored. People can track every single tax money they pay in terms of where and how they are being spent by the politicians. All governmental money moves inside this system and open for everyone to see, and people can vote directly with their tax money by deciding where they want them to be spent. Imagine 20% of what you pay in tax is up to you where to spend. Do you want to build better roads or hospitals? That is direct democracy and there is a chance that people will be more open to paying taxes if they could decide and track where their money goes.
Will we live in a world consisting of countries in the future? Countries are actually just large organization most people consider absolute and forever necessary. As far as we know, this form of organizing the world appeared after the agricultural revolution when people started to settle down in societies permanently. They were created based on location, not values or common interests, and the members rarely became members by choice. Countries were created by strong men hundreds of years ago when this way of structuring a society was most convenient and made more sense in terms of the level of technology. Today our level of technology is different, the society is changing rapidly and the world is globally connected. Will we need countries the way they are today or will we find different structures for collaborating in the future? Maybe we can participate in one global decentralized online community and live in smaller tribes and local communities which we choose individually? It all depends on our technology and how the collective consciousness evolve. It might not look like it, but we are moving towards more coherence, more universal order, more unity and a higher intelligence.
One thing we know for sure is that things are changing rapidly in these times. Technology are advancing, individuals are waking up to a higher version of themselves and the collective consciousness is rising. New systems, structures and solutions will become a part of our lives in the future whether we want it or not. What do you think the future society will look like? How do you think we will evolve collectively? Let me know in the comments.

domain: sociology


God bless this patriot. Through thick and thin he's been able to infiltrate the swamp.
He may look like a 12-year-old boy wearing his dad's clothes in an attempt to sneak into the movie theater, but he's done some incredible work in exposing corruption.
Hopefully he's got some good security. Cause there's probably a bounty on his head.
Maybe this is how his story started? He realized early on he was good at infiltration and disguise.
Now we just need a wikileaks dump and it will be close to the excitement of election night.
Don't, stop right there.
Do you want people to OD on winning?
This is simultaneously the most shocking and least shocking video I have seen in ages. Not shocking because it's everything we already knew, but shocking to finally hear it from the horse's mouth. Nice try, MSM, your Russia hoax is officially over!
Has there been this much winning since the election?!
Let's get back to Russia Russia Russia!
The entire legacy media is worse than cancer. This includes Fox News.
Wait...is this what O'Keefe is supposed to release tomorrow???
SPEZ: Duh, yes it is O'Keefe/Project Veritas, but they didn't even post this on their site or Twitter yet. Did someone hack them to get this?
Do we have to get permission from CNN to view this video?
This is the est expose I think I have seen in ages. This will go viral.
Holy shit, CNN is fake news confirmed by their own employee!!!! I can't stop fucking laughing, we've been winning all day and its still only Monday.
You saw it here first folks. How long until Drudge picks it up and the MSM ignores it? Don't let them act like this isn't yuge! CNN is going down!
James O'Keefe delivers the goods again!
The libtard cucks will, as usual, demand the 'full and unedited' video footage to be shown, otherwise it's all 'fabrications from Alt-Right trolls'.
Wait for it.
9th Circus BTFO by SCOTUS, RBG BTFO by Congress, CNN getting kicked in the nuts VERY HARD by Time Warner and Shareholders....it's a good Monday but there is still work to do and people to lock up.
It's been a pretty damn good week for President Trump, and an extremely terrible weak for his liberal opponents and the media. The wheels are starting to fall off the liberal machine after repeated losses and they're starting to fight each other, while Trump is uniting conservatives under his banner and turning them against the RINOs in Congress.
With them being in such disarray, this is going to give him a huge chance to get a lot of things done until (if) they can pull their heads out of their asses. The Wall, voter ID, healthcare, and infrastructure are all huge at the moment. They're what he needs to hammer.
We Love Our President, Don't We Folks?!
COVFEFE 9-O BITCHES
His first act better be to fire McCabe.
Not an accident on the same day as McCabe story in Cirica.
I don't know how much more winning I can take today
Of course. Everything God Emperor does is intentional and has a purpose. He's taking on the most corrupt and powerful cabal of deep state criminals in human history, so his strategies are quite complex and the timing is always meaningful.
howabout just repeal - anybody with me or are you all fine with the fed govt's power grab??
He just looks like an asshole. The way he's holding his hands. You know he's the type of guy who always sends his food back at restaurants, and parks in handicap spots. What a dick.
When obamacare passed, the feds basically took over 16% of the U.S. economy. If you repeal and replace it, they still control the whole health care industry. If you just repeal it, you get the government mitts off our bodies and privacy
^ has a point.
Federal prison is the best cure for swamp creature I hear
That's the most un-Derrick Watson looking person that I could have imagined.
Flood Hawaii with all of the refugees
Yep this camera man and the one that caught the side of beef. May key bless there lives forever!
Side note: Why is that man in a tie wearing safety glasses?
those heel's she has on are under alot of pressure, shrapnel is imminent. safety first!
Maybe they are going in under sniper fire?
The real version makes the story even better: The cameraman was tipped off by two separate friendlies in Washington and told to be there.
OMG, the article in Circa News today is mind blowing (that you link to). That McCabe's grudge against Flynn is because Flynn objected to McCabe harrassing an outstanding employee. McCabe is dirty, more will come out on him.
Circa is putting out amazing work over the past 2 months. Judicial Watch level good.
Direct link to article on Circa:
Son of a bitch. Every....single........one of these Democrat appointees is CORRUPT.
I'm beginning to think all Democrats are criminals


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West Shore RCMP have found a new commanding officer, although it’s not clear when he’ll take up his new post.
RCMP Inspector Kevin Violot will take command when he is able to move from his post in the Northwest Territories. He has 31 years with the Mounties and is currently the acting criminal operations officer.
“He is on a quick timeline to take command. That is the hope,” said Cpl. Kathy Rochlitz.
Former West Shore detachment commander Mark Fisher took the job as chief of the Oak Bay Police in July.


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Reaching a moment when my time comes
My Lord in heaven will call me home
Leaving this old earthly body behind
To a spiritual realm with no space or time
What will I do when I first meet my Lord?
Will I shout out his name or say not a word?
Can I touch His garment as Iíve always dreamed of?
When I stand in His light, will I feel His love?
Imagine Him in a grace filled mansion
With shimmering angels in floating dimensions
A home brimming with love and affection
Limitless beauty in all directions
I will sense I am home, I will know right away
At the feet of my Lord, I will kneel and pray
I will dance for joy at merely His sight
He will beckon me on with a shining light
I am filled with a sense of peace right now
No doubt in my mind what life is about
The life our Lord intended for me
At the end of my days I know where Iíll be
When my time here on earth is through
Iíll reach eternity by the way of the Truth
My spirit will dwell in a universal sea
In heaven with Jesus at my destiny
PLEASE ENCOURAGE AUTHOR
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domain: literature


text:
Most of the investors recently have been curious over the performance of Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) stock. At the end of the day, it’s only a stock’s performance that matters. With this in mind, it’s worth taking a look at the chart to get a sense of where it might be headed in the future.How has the stock performed recently?
Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) has been trading in a bearish manner, based on the relative positions of the stock’s 20 and 200 day moving averages. In the last month, the price of F has decreased -19.12%. Shares are now up over the past year, outperforming the broad market by -100% and underperformed a peer group of similar companies by -180%. After the latest session, which saw the stock close at a price of $10.70, F sits below its 52-week high.Momentum indicators
Of course, these surface-level price movements don’t tell us much about the direction that F may be headed in the future. To do this, analysts often study the speed and magnitude of a stock’s price movements with what are known as momentum indicators. The logic is that as a stock’s momentum slows, it may be nearing key support or resistance levels and possibly the end of a current trend. Two such indicators are the RSI (Relative Strength Index) and the Stochastic %k Oscillator, which fluctuate on a scale of 0 to 100. A reading above 70 indicates that a stock is overvalued, and a reading below 30 implies that it is undervalued. The 20-day RSI for F is 35.22%, which suggests that the stock is not particularly expensive or cheap, and not predisposed to a reactive price movement based on this measure. The 20-day Stochastic %k measure, which sits at 11.04%, tells a different story, and suggests that F currently trades in oversold territory.What do the trading volumes reveal?
Price isn’t the only tool analysts use to forecast future performance. Volume patterns can also reveal some important insights. If, for instance, a stock’s volumes suddenly increase by a significant amount, it’s usually a sign that the level of conviction behind the trade is high. Investors may feel very strongly about the future direction of the stock in question. Ford Motor Company (F) average trading volume of 70,898,063 during the past month is 79.63% above its average volume over the past year, indicating that investors have been more active than usual in the stock in recent times.
F is currently undervalued by -13.15% relative to the average 1-year price target of $12.32 taken from a group of Wall Street Analysts. The average investment recommendation on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 being a strong buy, 3 a hold, and 5 a sell) is 3.00, which implies that analysts are generally neutral in their outlook for F over the next year.How risky is the stock?
When predicting the future performance for a stock, it’s also important to take into account risk. To do this, analysts often use a stock’s beta, which measures the stock’s volatility relative to the overall market.
Ford Motor Company (NYSE:F) has a beta of 1.04, compared to a beta of 1 for the market, which implies that the stock’s price movements are more extreme than the market as a whole. F therefore has an above average level of market risk. During the past couple of weeks, F average daily volatility was 40.64%, which is -16.18 percentage points higher than the average volatility over the past 100 days.

domain: finance


text:
New, modern, large garden, air conditioning, private pool, barbecue, quiet.
Your holiday house: new, modern and bright villa, 5 rooms (4 bedrooms), 260 sqm, 8-10 people. Air conditioning and central heating. Private outdoor swimming pool (50 sqm).
Ground floor : Living room (50 sqm) with sitting area and the fireplace, piano, dining area (10 places), LED TV and access to the terrace (80 sqm, barbecue, garden furniture, 2 table, 10 chairs, 5 deck chairs), two bedrooms with pool view (25 sqm) with double bed, TV, air, private bathroom with shower or tub, wash basin, toilet and hair dryer. Fully equipped kitchen with electric cooker (4 rings), oven, extractor hood, refrigerator (with freezer), microwave and coffee maker. Extra bathroom with shower. Guest toilet. All rooms have air conditioning and central heating. Fitness area.
First floor: bedrooms (25 sqm) with double bed, TV, air condition, bathroom with shower, wash basin, toilet and hair dryer. Bedroom (25 sqm) with two beds which can become double bed, TV, air condition, private bathroom with tub, wash basin, toilet and hair dryer. Every bedroom has access to terase (25 m2).
Other facilities: washing machine. Wi-fi

domain: travel


text:
Brent Council cancels parking ticket handed to stroke victim’s family in Queen’s Park
- Credit: Archant
Brent Council has staged a sudden climb down and apologised to a woman who was fined for parking in Queen’s Park after her youngest daughter suffered a stroke and her elderly mother displayed her disabled blue badge in the car.
After initially refusing to waive the £110 fine levied on Diksha Chakravarti, 58, for parking in a suspended bay in Summerfield Avenue in March, Brent Council has now apologised for its “mistake” and offered to cancel the ticket after the Times publisized the case.
Ms Chakravarti, a hypnotherapist from Reading, wrote to the chief executive of the council Christine Gilbert claiming she had not realised she had parked in a suspended bay when she brought her 85-year-old mother Kamala back to her eldest daughter’s flat in Queen’s Park at midnight after her youngest daughter Anuna, 25, had suffered a stroke.
Ms Chakravarti claims her mother’s disabled blue badge was displayed and she paid for use of the parking space via an online booking system. She was shocked to receive the £110 fine three days later.
Just hours after the Times first reported Ms Chakravarti’s appeal she received a letter from Brent Council processing manager Robert Perrin confirming the fine would be waived.
He wrote: “I have reviewed your case and taken into account the difficult circumstances you have described, it is clear to me that there was no intention on your part to park in the suspended bay.
“I believe that this is entirely understandable and I have therefore cancelled the penalty charge notice.”
- 1 QPR ground name to revert to Loftus Road for 2022-23
- 2 Cricklewood estate reports 'major vermin' problem
- 3 Trial date for men charged with fatal stabbing of Emmanuel Odunlami
- 4 Baby among three rescued from Willesden flat fire
- 5 'Extremely dangerous' men convicted after girl kidnapped and raped
- 6 VOTE: Which north London fish and chip shop is your favourite?
- 7 'Strictest' headteacher to be documentary subject
- 8 Jailed: North London members of Essex drugs supply network
- 9 7 of the best Chinese restaurants with delivery in north London
- 10 Every household in the UK to get £400 to help with rising energy bills
Speaking after the council reversed its position, Ms Chakravarti, 58, said: “Thank God for that- I feel completely vindicated. We clearly had no intention to play the system. Humanity and compassion has finally prevailed but it’s such a shame we have had to go to these lengths. Clearly they saw the article in the Brent and Kilburn Times and saw how clear-cut our case was.”
A spokesman for Brent Council said: “The council made a mistake here which, after reviewing all the circumstances of the case again, we were happy to put right.”
“We apologise for the way in which this case has been handled and are pleased to have resolved this situation in a way which all parties are happy with.”


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The third generation of our family lives closely connected to bees. My mother’s father Ivan was a beekeeper, but we set the beginning of Beekeeping Pislak Bali around 1946, when my father, a legendary Slovene beekeeper Janko Pislak bought his first swarm of bees. He was twelve years old at the time and he bought it with the money he got for his confirmation.
Nowadays our beekeeping is run by my husband Robert and me. We have about 2600 beehives, which are placed at various locations: from Pohorje mountain through Dravsko polje, over the Haloze hills to the Croatian border.
We continue my father’s work with respect and love, while introducing new insights from science and beekeeping technology. At the beginning we were oriented mainly in the production of honey. In the last decades we have conquered the technology of breeding quality queen bees of the Carniolan Bee breed (Apis Mellifera Carnica or kranjska sivka) which are known throughout Europe, and in extraction of the royal jelly.
Today we run the largest beekeeping in Slovenia and one of the biggest in the EU. To our customers we offer honey, queen bees, royal jelly, beeswax and other bee products.
We are well aware of the meaning of a qualitative product that we offer to the consumers, so we introduced regular control in the production of honey, royal jelly and pollen HACCP. We also have a small laboratory that allows us to supervise the main parameters which are the indicators for the quality of honey. There is a doctor of veterinary medicine and a beekeeping master (Imkerschule Graz) permanently employed in our company.
In 2013 we have passed successfully the quality control testing of our honey and earned the right to use the label » Slovenian honey of the SMGO geografical origin«.
The human race has been using bee products for many centuries. Honey and other bee products are an excellent supplement to medicine. It is known that honey products have a favourable effect on more than 500 different medical conditions. At Pislak Bali Beekeeping we are well aware of the meaning of good quality at our products. Therefore, we do not add any conservatives or other additives and we are attentive that the bees live in a natural environment. We are certain that you will see our effort and the quality of our products.
Honey is a valuable food source of the plant origin. The bees prepare it with gathering nectar or honey dew on plants, they add the secretion of their own glands then thicken everything together and after that they preserve it in the covered cells of the combs.
Royal jelly is recognized as the most appreciated bee product. It is made by young bees and used to feed a bee’s embryo in its first three days. During her lifetime, a queen bee is exclusively fed with royal jelly.

domain: agronomy


text:
Try this stylish dog bag with easy adjustable belt and no-hurt elastic. NOw carrying your baby dog is not an issue at all. You can place your dog into this chest bag and move them everywhere alon you. The backpack keeps the head, tail and legs of the dog outside and the body inside that supports the dog properly and makes it comfortable too.
Buy Dog Diaper Bag + Chest Bag
- Material : The Dog chest bag is made from canvas in front, back and sides of the bag. The backside is filled with sponge that makes it easier while wearing. The neck portion has elastic design that allows the users to adjust the bag.
- Color : It is available in four patterns i’e, camouflage, national flag, leopard, and circles.
- Sizes : It is also available in three sizes, S, M and L.
- Length and Weight : For S size, length is 30CM, bust 46CM weight 185G, left and right leg spacing 5CM, front and back leg spacing 9CM, suitable for normal dogs within 5 kg.
- For M size, length is 334CM, bust is 54CM, weight is 215G, the distance between left and right legs is 5CM, the distance between front and back legs is 14CM.
- For L size, length is 38CM, bust is 62CM, and weight is 238G.
Vestibulum curae torquent diam diam commodo parturient penatibus nunc dui adipiscing convallis bulum parturient suspendisse parturient a.Parturient in parturient scelerisque nibh lectus quam a natoque adipiscing a vestibulum hendrerit et pharetra fames nunc natoque dui.
ADIPISCING CONVALLIS BULUM
- Vestibulum penatibus nunc dui adipiscing convallis bulum parturient suspendisse.
- Abitur parturient praesent lectus quam a natoque adipiscing a vestibulum hendre.
- Diam parturient dictumst parturient scelerisque nibh lectus.
Scelerisque adipiscing bibendum sem vestibulum et in a a a purus lectus faucibus lobortis tincidunt purus lectus nisl class eros.Condimentum a et ullamcorper dictumst mus et tristique elementum nam inceptos hac parturient scelerisque vestibulum amet elit ut volutpat.

domain: design


text:
Gardening is 90 percent soil and 10 percent plants – the work that goes unseen in the soil reflects in the health of the garden. Visitors to your garden will rarely (if ever) comment on your soil but will admire your roses and savour the flavour of home grown produce for months.
Winter is the perfect time to take stock of your garden before spring planting occurs and the heat of summer hits.
It has been proven that a strong healthy plant can fend off pests and diseases and bounce back after external stress, such as drought.
When taking stock of your winter garden, look at existing garden beds and vegie patch maintenance as well as areas for winter and spring planting.
Follow our simple steps for winter soil renewal.
Existing garden beds maintenance.
Healthy garden soil is the key to looking after plants in existing garden beds. These are the areas of the garden where you are happy with your plant selection or may want to add one or two plants to fill a spot.
Look at plant health:
- Is there diseased or damaged foliage or plants that have died? Prune off foliage and remove plants. If you have deciduous trees and shrubs, now is the time to give them a good prune for shape and spring and summer flowering and fruiting.
- Are plants not doing well in their current location? Winter is the perfect time to move plants that need more shade, sun or space to grow. Prepare your plants for transplanting with Seasol.
Existing garden beds maintenance continues:
Look at soil health:
- Plant health is a good sign of soil health. If plant foliage is yellow or brown, this could mean too much water, (the soil is not draining and plants are drowning), or plants don’t have enough water (the soil lacks moisture). Check moisture levels by digging down into the soil. If the soil is dry, it could be repelling water. Apply a soil wetter such as Seasol Super Soil Wetter & Conditioner to improve moisture retention. If the soil is too wet, look at ways of improving drainage such as raised garden beds.
- Improve soil and plant health by applying well-rotted compost or manure and a soil treatment such as Seasol Plant + Soil Booster. It’s a rich source of natural ingredients including compost and seaweed to boost soil health and growth in all plants including natives. It will slowly break down over winter to enrich the soil and increase worm and microbial activity to ensure plants are ready for spring growth.
- Apply or top up mulch on garden bed areas to conserve moisture and keep soil temperatures consistent – cool in summer and warm in winter.
New garden bed maintenance.
Soil preparation and healthy soil is the key to establishing new plants in a garden bed for spring growth and spring/summer flowering and fruiting.
- Mark out the area that will make up the new garden bed and have a look at the soil within it. Dig over the soil with a spade to a depth of 30cm. Remove old and untidy plants, weeds and debris such as rocks and stones.
- Check the soil structure, is it sand or clay? If you are unsure take a sample to a garden centre who can give you advice on local soil. If it’s heavy clay, adding gypsum may improve soil health. For any soil adding well-rotted manure, organic matter or a fast-acting soil improver such as Seasol Super Compost or Seasol Liquid Compost for a no-dig option will help to improve soil health. It’s a lot easier to get compost under the roots of plants before planting than after.
New garden bed maintenance continues:
- To keep the soil improving slowly over time, apply a natural pelletised soil treatment such as Seasol Plant + Soil Booster. It’s boosted with natural compost, humic acids and organic matter to improve soil structure, moisture retention and nutrient uptake. It also helps increase worm and microbial activity.
- After applying nutrients, allow the soil t0 rest for a couple of weeks to let the good things you have added begin to work on your soil. Apply mulch to keep the soil temperature warm and to retain moisture within the soil. If your new garden bed is being prepared for planting in spring, consider applying a green cover crop to protect and feed the soil ready for planting. Dig the green crop into the soil before planting.
Winter vegie patch maintenance:
In the vegie patch at this time of the year, you will find vegies such as broccoli, cauliflowers, spinach and lettuce are flourishing. These vegies are gross feeders, which means that they take a lot of goodness out of the soil. Taking stock of your winter vegies patch and keeping the soil well feed ensures healthy strong, healthy growth and a bumper crop of tasty produce.
- Harvest produce and remove dead and diseased foliage and plants. Check plants for insects, slugs and snails that are damaging or eating your plants and crops. Spray with the appropriate organic treatment or try planting companion plants.
Winter vegie patch maintenance cont:
- Check soil moisture and ensure water is soaking down to where it’s needed: the plant’s roots. If water is running off or pooling on top, then consider applying a soil wetter such as Seasol Super Soil Wetter & Conditioner to improve moisture penetration.
- Replenish and improve soil for existing and new crops by applying Seasol Plant + Soil Booster. It breaks down slowly over time to improve soil and plant health. Boosted with seaweed, it stimulates root development, promotes healthy growth and reduces stress from frost, pests and disease.
- Add organic mulch such as sugar cane or pea straw to protect and improve soil and edible produce.
Seasol Plant + Soil Booster.
Seasol Plant + Soil Booster should generally be applied every six to eight weeks all year round. Mix into the top soil and water in thoroughly after each application.
It is ideal for:
- Winter: Helps protect plants against frost. Improves the soil for winter and spring planting.
- Spring: Boosts plants at planting time and throughout the growing season. Promotes flowering and fruiting for a bumper crop.
- Summer: Helps protect plants against heat and drought. Revitalises tired soil.
- Autumn: Helps protect against frost. Improves the soil for winter and spring planting.


text: Stayed here recently for a 5 night stay. The door handle and lock was a bit loose so had trouble when entering the room. The peep hole cover on the side of the door inside the room was missing so anyone walking by could look through from the outside and see into our room. After the second night the room was 'serviced' but to a very poor standard - bins not changed, floors not hoovered, beds not made, cups not washed, teas and coffees not restocked, toilet roll not replaced, bath not cleaned. We did receive clean towels though. Informed the night manager who apologised profusely and told us we would receive an evoucher, then on the day we left we were told we would instead receive one nights refund, neither happened, have received nothing. The service improved very slightly throughout the rest of the stay but every day we had to go and ask for toilet roll as they never checked and replaced it!! Would not return!


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Five county transfer stations have resumed regular operating hours this week after facing service interruptions due to COVID-19-related staffing issues.
Those transfer stations are in Hilo, Hawi, Keauhou, Keaau and Pahoa.
“We’re proud to have found creative and out-of-the-box solutions to return vital services to our communities in the midst of the pandemic,” Mayor Mitch Roth said in a news release. “We understand the importance of ensuring reasonable and equitable access to our transfer stations and remain committed to doing whatever we can to preventing further closures to the best of our ability. Breaking down silos was a focal point of our administration, and this is just one example of how collaboration between departments, across all sectors, can help us solve some of our toughest challenges.”
“I would like to thank the Office of the Mayor, the Department of Health, Department of Public Works, the Department of Human Resources, and the hard-working Solid Waste Division staff that worked beyond expectations to continue the services by ‘holding the torch’ as others were out due to the unpredictable COVID-19 Delta variant,” said Ramzi Mansour, director of the Department of Environmental Management.
Visit hawaiizerowaste.org for scheduled hours of operation at facilities islandwide, and register online to receive notifications about service interruptions.
Source: Hawaii Tribune Herald


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- Sneak preview of three singers whose auditions for 2013 were successful Duration: 02:41 2013
- Karita Mattila wins the very first Cardiff Singer Duration: 01:01 1983 - The Final
- Andrei Bondarenko - Song Prize Final Duration: 08:01 2011, Concerts, Song Prize Final
- Andrei Bondarenko - Final - Song 1 Duration: 05:07 2011, Concerts, Final
- Andrei Bondarenko - Final - Song 2 Duration: 03:25 2011, Concerts, Final
- Andrei Bondarenko - Final - Song 3 Duration: 01:22 2011, Concerts, Final
Countdown to the competition
Meet the competitorsRead about the 20 successful applicants and their programmes.
Meet the juryFind out more about the members of the jury for BBC Cardiff Singer of the World and the Song Prize.
Meet the musiciansFind out more about the orchestras, conductors and accompanists who support the competitors during the competition.
What are your favourite memories from the first 30 years of the competition? Send us your story and your contribution may be included in our programme book or on the website.
Sign up for our newsletterIf you would like to receive our newsletter with updates about the competition, please email firstname.lastname@example.org.


Either the LC9 and .45 Colt Redhawk or,
the S&W 36 and the Sig 226.
But that's only if one had to be an auto. If I didn't have to choose an auto I'd probably keep the two revolvers listed above.
Proud member of the NRA and Texas State Rifle Association. Registered and active voter.


text:
My wife and I make a yearly trip to Santa Fe, and have avoided staying in Albuquerque until last year when we tried Los Poblanos. Now it's our yearly trip to Santa Fe and Albuquerque. The Los Poblanos grounds and territorial architecture are exquisite. The common areas are inviting and the guest rooms are nothing short of perfect. The bed linens are line dried when the weather permits. The dining room is creative and features beautiful local ingredients. This place is a keeper.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Set among 25 acres of lavender fields, enormous cottonwood trees, and lush formal gardens, Los Poblanos is one of the most magnificent historic properties in the Southwest. Designed in 1932 by the region's foremost architect, John Gaw Meem, Los Poblanos combines 50 guest rooms, a working organic farm, and the ideal setting for meetings and special events. The natural beauty, comfort and privacy of Los Poblanos offer our guests a truly relaxing environment. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, MrandMrsSmith, Hotels.com, Ebookers and Evoline ltd so you can book your Los Poblanos Historic Inn & Organic Farm reservations with confidence. We help millions of travellers each month to find the perfect hotel for both holiday and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Los Poblanos Historic Inn And Organic Farm
- Los Poblanos Historic Inn & Organic Farm Hotel Albuquerque


Mar 16, 2011, 1:59 PM EDT
Rick DiPietro is back for the Islanders after being activated from injured reserve. Will it last this time? Probably as long as Brent Johnson isn’t around.
Feb 9, 2011, 7:34 PM EDT
The Islanders added a goalie to their injury-ravaged rotation after sending a sixth round pick to the Coyotes for Al Montoya.
Feb 8, 2011, 8:39 PM EDT
Is Nassau Coliseum built over a haunted burial ground? You have to start wondering if that’s the case as rookie goalie Kevin Poulin was injured in warmups leading to Mikko Koskinen getting his first NHL start.
Jan 22, 2011, 12:16 PM EDT
As many expected, the Red Wings weren’t able to nab Evgeni Nabokov as the Islanders claimed him today.
Jan 15, 2011, 11:58 AM EDT
Much maligned Islanders starting goalie makes his return from injury tonight against the Sabres.
Dec 18, 2010, 11:54 AM EDT
Rick DiPietro is hurting. Please, hold back on your surprise at this revelation.
- Video: Sens, Leafs, Habs combine for beautiful tribute following Ottawa shootings 1
- Will winning trump revenge tonight? 3
- Sleepy Sharks hit new low in loss to Buffalo 8
- Goalie nods: Gustavsson gets his second start 0
- Price downplays start as Canadiens host Rangers 8
- Sens, Habs and Leafs pay tribute to fallen soldier 3
- More like it? Avs crush Canucks 33
- Video: Beauties from Perry, Eberle and Duchene 4
- Ghost Time: Flyers recall Gostisbehere from AHL 28
- Trotz calls Healy’s comments on Ovechkin (and Ovechkin’s mom) ‘disrespectful’ 26
- Video: Two quick third-period goals propel Flyers over rival Penguins (83)
- Updated: Kings’ Voynov arrested for domestic assault, suspended indefinitely (78)
- Babcock: ‘Price definitely initiates contact’ in disallowed Datsyuk goal (59)
- If allegations are true, will Kings welcome Voynov back into their ‘special’ group? (37)
- Voynov released on $50K bond; NHL says ‘circumstances were different’ in Varlamov case (36)


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Updated: 9:46 p.m.:Video added, Chief Kulhawik interview.
NORWALK, Conn. — Hundreds of people gathered Sunday in Norwalk for a peaceful Black Lives Matter protest.
The throng shut down northbound Interstate 95 briefly while they walked from the Connecticut Avenue Stop & Shop to Norwalk Police headquarters in South Norwalk. Connecticut Avenue was also closed, as were streets in SoNo.
Video by Harold F. Cobin at end of story
Norwalk Common Council member Kadeem Roberts (D-District A) was among those with a bullhorn at police headquarters.
“I spoke to the entire community to let them know that I am hurt and I too see what is going on within the world and especially what had occurred to George Floyd in Minnesota. I expressed that the color of my skin should not determine the outcome if I live or if I die,” he said in an email.
Floyd, 46, died a week ago in Minneapolis. A video of him crying, “I can’t breathe” while a white police officer kneeled on his neck has gone viral and prompted protests nationwide. The officer was fired and subsequently arrested, charged with third-degree murder and manslaughter. Three other officers were also fired.
Protestors nationwide also cite the deaths of EMT Breonna Taylor in her own Kentucky home and jogger Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia. Adding to tensions are the stories of a black birdwatcher in New York City and CNN journalist Omar Jimenez being demeaned.
While demonstrations in other areas have turned violent, Norwalk’s protest was peaceful, multiple participants say.
“Numerous people thanked me for how our officers handled things,” Police Chief Thomas Kulhawik said. “I walked through the crowd and spoke to many people and they were all very supportive but asked questions on our policies etc. Went very well. I enjoyed speaking with everyone.”
Roberts said he didn’t see any counter protestors and “everyone was there for the one cause.”
“There were people from all over, Bridgeport, Wilton, Stamford,” Jim Russell of Ridgefield said. “My guess is between 500 and 1,000.”
The crowd kept getting bigger and when they started walking down the I-95 ramp, “I thought, OK this is it,” Russell said. “We had six dozen riot police officers. I thought, ‘Oh, they’ll stop us.’ No, they were actually there to provide for our safety and they did a wonderful job.”
“The protesters entered the highway. We tried to protect them from traffic as they marched and walked towards our headquarters,” Kulhawik said.
I-95 was closed for about 20 minutes, Russell estimated. Mayor Harry Rilling joined the march and everyone had their Constitutional right to speak, Russell said.
“I believe we should all be treated equally and right now in the world we are not,” Roberts wrote in an email. “There are many African Americans within the world who have or are facing police brutality and are being murder in the act of law enforcement. We need many of those in law enforcement to be retrained and held accountable. We should not as African Americans nervous or afraid of those we believe are here to protect and serve our community!”
It happens in Norwalk, Roberts said.
“I asked everyone in the crowd at the end of the protest to count to 3 and scream the individuals name who had lost their life to police brutality and we ended with a moment of Silence! This was a statement to the community, that we Norwalk Citizens can come together and participate in a peaceful protest but march together in solidarity in a fight for justice with everyone Black, white, latino, and all races,” Roberts said. “I am so proud of Norwalk and TODAY WE STOOD FOR EVERYTHING! I’m grateful for the entire city that came out in full support! #NORWALKSTRONG”
National news coverage has focused on a the “teeny weeny” portion of people who have been violent during the protests but there were families out in Norwalk, mothers with babies in carriages and a father with his daughter on his shoulders, Russell said.
“This whole day has really made me think about white privilege and how it’s destroying this country,” Russell said. “And I’m in the middle of it. I want to start the discussion with my Monday men’s group to talk about it. What can we do?”
The week has been a wake-up call, he said. “This is going on over and over and over. I was in six different places today, a lot of white people are saying this is enough. We don’t want our society to be what our police officer believed it to be, as he kneeled down and kills a person.”
“I thought the protest was very POWERFUL and it was touching to see so many people show up to protest injustice,” Chevel Barret of Norwalk said in an email. “The Norwalk protest along with the others across this country and the world really proves that people are paying attention and are just as willing to give to a cause greater than themselves. I am very hopeful that change will happen and someday will be proud to say I played a small yet instrumental role in that.”

domain: politics


text:
“FIVE FREEDOMS” – NEWS FEED: A Breakdown of VAERS Adverse Reactions to the COVID-19 Vaccines
As of July 19, 2021 there were 419,513 adverse event reports associated with Covid-19 vaccination in the U.S., with a total of 1,814,326 symptoms reported. That’s according to the federal Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database.
READ Sharyl Attkisson’s article on her website: SHARYL ATTKISSON (UNTOUCHABLE SUBJECTS. FEARLESS, NONPARTISAN REPORTING.)


text: This study used Canadian data to examine whether the relationships between two health behaviours (physical activity and smoking) and two measures of health (self-perceived health status and number of chronic health conditions) are conditional on income adequacy. Studies that have investigated the manner in which socioeconomic circumstances, such as income adequacy, and health behaviours interact to influence health are few in number and characterized by inconsistent findings. In addition, there is a complete absence of published Canadian research that has explored these relationships. I investigated the relationship between health behaviours and health by income adequacy with a secondary analysis of data from the first cycle of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), conducted by Statistics Canada in 1994-95. The sample consisted of 11.941 NPHS respondents 20-64 years of age who did not have an illness or disability that prevented them from being employed. As a whole, findings from a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses did not provide adequate evidence to conclude that the effects of physical activity and smoking on self-perceived health status and chronic health conditions are conditional on income adequacy. Instead, findings showed that the health behaviours each had a similar degree of influence on the self-perceived health status and number of chronic health conditions of respondents at all income adequacy levels. Moreover, the magnitude of the relationships between the health behaviours and health measures was very small. By enhancing knowledge about both the nature and magnitude of the relationships among Canadians' income adequacy, health behaviours, and health, this study makes a significant contribution to the small body of research that has explored the possibility that the relationship between health behaviours and health varies by socioeconomic circumstances. I conclude the paper with a discussion of the implications that the findings have for public health policies and programs.