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Use of any database for estimating vitamin intake is limited for reasons of accuracy and completeness of the data. For the other vitamins, this means that the quality of available analytical data can render them unacceptable for inclusion in the database, or be low enough to raise serious questions concerning reliability. Data are provided for seven countries – Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, and United Kingdom. His work led to the understanding that dietary fats and carbohydrates, not only proteins, could be used for mechanical work by the body. Interest in nutrients and food components potentially associated with diseases has led to development of databases for limited numbers of foods. Interest in nutrients and food components potentially associated with diseases has led the USDA to develop specialized databases for a smaller number of foods, such as flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, choline, and fluoride . Read More What analytical techniques were used to derive nutrients in the database? USDA produces and maintains the Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, which includes information on up to 82 nutrients for 6200 foods. Use of any database for estimating vitamin intake is limited for reasons concerning the accuracy and completeness of the data. Despite several limitations in this study, the authors concluded that counseling individuals who are both SL and ST or are non-SL and non-ST on ways to increase fiber and decrease caloric beverage intake may be needed to modify metabolic syndrome risk. Asecondary objective may be to document this variability as it … Foods with low sugar content, such as juices, jellies, and jams, contain acids, sweeteners, and hydrocolloids. CRON-o-Meter is a free and open source nutrition analysis software. The data are presented in food composition databases (FCDBs). Bioactive compounds are naturally occurring chemicals in foods that may have health benefits, but are not considered essential nutrients. Estimates of nutrient intake from dietary recalls and records are often affected by the nutrient composition database that is used to process the data [312–314]. In this regard, more attention should be paid to the preparation, extension and m … However, different tasting profiles may moderate a person’s ability to adhere to a healthy diet. Nutrient Composition Analysis Equipment can provide a wide range of meat analysis such as fat, moisture, protein, collagen, salt, and more in meat. Information regarding all of USDA's nutrient databases is available at the USDA's Nutrient Data Laboratory home page: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. The Journal of Food Composition and Analysis publishes manuscripts on scientific aspects of data on the chemical composition of human foods, with particular emphasis on actual data on composition of foods; analytical methods; studies on the manipulation, storage, distribution and use of food composition data; and studies on the statistics, use and distribution of such data and data systems. There are some yeast species that are tolerant to ethanol at high concentrations, although their metabolism may be affected, and these include Zygosaccharomyces, Dekkera, Pichia, and Saccharomycodes. The majority of high DF products exhibit poor textural (high hardness and low crispiness) and morphological (small pores, high density) properties. Better understanding of the physiology of modified eating behavior after RYGB is a current objective. Extrusion technology is one of the processing techniques to design expanded food matrices. Developing a nutrient database for an FFQ presents additional challenges  because each item on the FFQ represents a food grouping rather than an individual food item. One prominent such database is the University of Minnesota’s Nutrition Coordinating Center’s (NCC) Food and Nutrient Database . Rapid growth in the food processing sector and the global nature of the food supply add further challenges to estimating the mean and variability in the, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Explore journal content (There can be differences in nutrients measured by different techniques.). One of the USDA’s primary missions is to provide nutrient composition data for foods in the U.S. food supply, accounting for various types of preparation . In addition, accurate and robust6 analytical methods are available only for vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pyridoxine. Forage fiber content is the primary detractor to high intake and nutrient availability. Some yeasts are able to grow in media or substrates with high salt or sugar concentrations. For US foods, almost all current versions are renditions of the USDA National Nutrient Database,2 developed through an ongoing program of the US Department of Agriculture. It is necessary to use a nutrient composition database when dietary data are to be converted to nutrient intake data. Food composition data ( FCD) are detailed sets of information on the nutritionally important components of foods and provide values for energy and nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals and for other important food components such as fibre. Saccharomyces cerevisiae also exhibits significant salt tolerance, but this is strain-dependent and is also influenced by pH of the food or beverage in question (Howell, 2016). Nutrient composition of foods. Comprehensiveness of food item and beverage coverage? The need for more data, especially for quantification of the wide range of bioactive compounds of foods, continued to grow through the 1990s. In 1896, Atwater created the first proximate analysis database (nitrogen, fiber, ash, ether extract, moisture, and carbohydrates) of foods to teach poor people how to obtain their protein requirements at the lowest cost. This survey analysed the nutrient composition of fruits and vegetables. Food extrusion applications can be found as early as the 1930s for processing of cereals, snack foods and texturized foods (Ilo et al., 2000). Mineral nutrient composition of vegetables, fruits and grains: The context of reports of apparent historical declines - Open access. Therefore, before choosing a nutrient composition database, a prime factor to consider is the completeness and accuracy of the data for the nutrients of interest. The nutrient composition of food also influences the growth of the most suitable species of microorganisms. UK FoodComp. Information about food composition is necessary for the assessment of diet quality and the development and application of food-based dietary guidelines, providing a useful tool for the field of public health nutrition. In addition, accepted analytical methods are not yet available for some nutrients of interest , the analytical quality of the information varies with nutrient [223, 303], and the variances or ranges of nutrient composition of individual foods are in most cases unknown . Future direction: Assessing genetic differences in taster profiles may be useful in the development of specific dietary interventions to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. Inherent differences in the database used for analysis include factors such as the number of food items included in the database, how recently nutrient data were updated, and the number of missing or imputed nutrient composition values. Methods for converting dietary intake information into number of servings recommended in the U.S. Food Guide Pyramid  have been developed using the Minnesota Nutrition Data System  and the U.S. Department of Agriculture pyramid servings database . Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Nutrient analysis survey of biscuits, buns, cakes and pastries NDNS: assessment of dietary sodium in adults in England, 2014 Nutrient analysis of processed foods (including trans fats) Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is exceptionally tolerant to high sugar concentrations (up to 70% w/v sucrose) (Howell, 2016). Lipids can be degraded enzymatically to produce free fatty acids that have rancid and unpleasant off-aromas. The nutrient composition of feedstuffs has, with few exceptions,8 been developed less systematically and extensively. Public Health England (PHE) carries out ongoing nutrient analysis surveys to provide up to date information on food, and monitor the nation’s diet. There is a remarkable demand worldwide to design foods with high nutritional profile. The tasting profile, such as sweet likers (SL) or supertasters (ST), may be influenced by genetics, and may influence dietary intake. If more than one day's data have been collected it is usual to calculate the average of the number of days recorded. Frances E. Thompson, Amy F. Subar, in Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Third Edition), 2013. Editor-in-Chief: Dr. J. Stephen Elmore, PhD. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve government services. Therefore, effects of uncontrolled sampling, multiple and often old analytical methods, multiple analysts, unreported analytical precision, unreported sample variance, etc., are likely to be far greater for the nutrient databases for feedstuffs than for the corresponding databases for foods. If the study requires precision of nutrient estimates, then procedures for calculating the nutrients in various mixtures must be developed and incorporated into nutrient composition calculations. Nutritional analysis and testing from SGS establishes or confirms the nutrient content (including vitamins and minerals) of your food products. Implementing the data from Healthy Eating Index 2005 and MyPyramid, the US developed a classification system based on the nutrient composition of foods (http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/dga2005/document/). Although the USDA National Nutrient Database is much more complete than most feed tables with respect to data for vitamins, it is least complete with respect to vitamins D, E, and K, as well as pantothenic acid. For example, Debaryomyces hansenii is very salt tolerant, and some strains can tolerate up to 24% (w/v) NaCl. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005026000029, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128044452000077, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123819802000190, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128029657000204, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123750839000751, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081002957000165, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121931551500039, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780857090386500127, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123918840000019, Leonardo Petruzzi, ... Antonio Bevilacqua, in, Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition), ) have been shown to be protective against metabolic syndrome. In 1997, the USDA created the National Nutrient and Food Analysis Program to address the complexity of food composition and to coordinate and ensure the accuracy of data being collected from government labs, the food industry, and academic research. Data from FFQs are usually computed to consumption per day but can also be computed per week. Analytical methods to measure nutrients in foods continued to be developed during this time, and the demand for information about food composition was high as the role of food in health and disease was being recognized. Some species such as Hemimysis anomala and Candida pseudotropicalis may grow at NaCl up to 11% (Campos et al., 2015). FoodData Central: Can be used by, and has benefits for, a variety of users, including researchers, policy makers, academicians and educators, nutrition and health professionals, product developers, and others. International Life Science Institute – Nutritional Foundation, Washington, DC, pp. How comprehensive is the coverage of nutrients? Laurent Brondel, ... Luc Pénicaud, in Flavor, 2016. The most downloaded articles from Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in the last 90 days. Some foods also have inhibitory substances or naturally occurring antimicrobials present (Davidson and Critzer, 2012). (2013) tested around 200 patients, and investigated the relationships and interactions between both SL and ST status and metabolic syndrome. Composition Nutrient nutrient proﬁle Variability Biodiversity and horticulture Terroir Cultivar difference Food analysis Food composition A B S T R A C T The natural variability in nutrient composition among and within commercially important California almond varieties was investigated in a multi-year study. A separate database developed by the USDA Food Surveys Research Group—the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS)—is used by many investigators in analyses of foods reported in NHANES’ What We Eat in America dietary recalls and is based on nutrient values in the USDA SR database . Johnson’s student, Wilbur O. Atwater, received the first appropriation from Congress to conduct research in human nutrition. Source: Beecher, G. and Matthews, R. (1990). It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. These bioactive compounds include antioxidants found in plants such as the flavonoid family of anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and catechins. The number of foods and nutrients included varies with the database. It is important to read the information distributed with the printed or electronic versions of databases to determine the uses and limitations of the data. View aims and scope Submit your article Guide for authors. Agriculture and Food Nutrition and Composition Analysis. You can change your cookie settings at any time. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Nutrient Composition Analysis Equipment Revenue in 2019 Rapid growth in the food processing sector and the global nature of the food supply add further challenges to estimating the mean and variability in the, ). The presence of mentioned additives affects the growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii (Campos et al., 2015). March 2017. providing composition data on fruit and vegetables and fruit/vegetable products. Concerning SL, a preference for sweet solutions has been associated with increased preference for sugar-sweetened desserts (Drewnowski et al., 1999), but other studies have reported contradictory results. ), 6th edn. A.A. Welch, in Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition), 2013. Nutrition and composition analysis services from SGS offer manufacturers, retailers, importers and exporters analysis testing that can help with compliance and address consumer concerns. Gerald F. CombsJr. Extrusion technology enables formulation and design of a large variety of food products. Structure–texture properties of the expanded food products strictly depend on the operational parameters. Results concerning ST and BMI are contradictory; some show that non-ST have a higher BMI (Tepper et al., 2008), others show no differences in BMI between ST and non-ST (Drewnowski et al., 2007; Yackinous and Guinard, 2002), and no effect of the ST genotype on BMI or dietary intake (Hayes, 2010). Ref: PHE publications gateway number: 2016707 The structural elements of an extruded food product are formed via the physicochemical changes occurring in the raw materials. This is particularly true for the nutrient composition data for foods. Our nutrition and composition testing services include analyses for nutrients, vitamins and additives and cover animal … Raw milk also contains lysozyme and the lactoperoxidase system, which requires the interaction of the enzyme lactoperoxidase, thiocyanate, and hydrogen peroxide to produce the antimicrobial hypothiocyanate (Davidson and Critzer, 2012). Part 3 b) Food energy is important for providing energy for one’s daily activities and body function. To help us improve GOV.UK, we’d like to know more about your visit today. Does the database contain entries for important foods consumed by the population to be studied? In Present Knowledge in Nutrition (Brown, M., ed. Nutrient composition data are also compiled by a number of other countries, and the International Network of Food Data Systems maintains an international directory of nutrient composition tables . The user can retrieve sources of various nutrients, and calculate different fat levels in ground beef; (ii) the USDA Branded Food … This was a four-year project funded by the Public Health England (formerly Department of Health) that finished in 2014 and aimed to: The number of common mixtures (e.g., spaghetti with sauce) available in the database is another important factor. Atwater eventually led the Agricultural Experiment Stations within the USDA and was intrigued with the concept of the energy value of foods. As previously described, forage quality reflects the ability of a given forage to meet the nutrient needs of the consuming animal. The Nutrient Composition Analysis Equipment report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market … Similar, but less extensive, databases have been developed for other countries,3 and efforts are being made to standardize the collection, compilation, and reporting of food nutrient composition data on a worldwide basis.4. The USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory is responsible for overseeing the publicly available food composition database for the United States, which is freely accessible through their website: www.ndb.nal.usda.gov. The Atwater factors of 4 kcal/g of protein or carbohydrate, 7 kcal/g of alcohol, and 9 kcal/g of fat are still used today to estimate the amount of energy generated from foods. The food composition database gives information on the amount of vitamins and minerals contained in different foods. The databases of nutrient composition of foods are provided by the governments of many countries. This document listed the proximate analysis (protein, carbohydrate, fat, and water), five vitamins (vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C), and three minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron) of 750 foods. Nutrient Composition Analysis Equipment Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2015 VS 2019 Figure 17. Investigators need to be aware that a value of zero is assigned to missing values in some databases, whereas for other databases, the number of nutrients provided for each food may fluctuate depending on whether or not a value is missing, and for others all unknown values may be imputed. PDF, 3.35MB, 1332 pages, Ref: PHE publications gateway number: 2016707 Food - a fact of life provides Explore Food, a free user-friendly online nutritional analysis tool for secondary school pupils. 430–439. One of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) primary missions is to provide nutrient composition data for foods in the U.S. food supply, accounting for various types of preparation . Relative to assessing forage quality, fiber tests are our single best method, though additional tests for protein and moisture can help to further characterize the forage. Ph.D., James P. McClung Ph.D., in The Vitamins (Fifth Edition), 2017, Collation of best estimates of the nutrient composition of foods and feedstuffs has been an ongoing activity by several groups in the United States since the early 1900’s.2 Nutrient composition data for foods and feedstuffs are now available in many forms and from many sources. Nutrition Facts is a free nutrition analysis software for Windows. They consist of nutrient composition data for the average composition of commonly consumed foodstuffs and are usually available as printed publications, computerized databases, or as part of software packages. Publications and Declarations• Food Composition Data: A Users Perspective (Rand et al., 1987)• Food Composition Data – production, management and use (Greenfield & Southgate) In English (2003), Spanish (2006), French (2007) and Korean (2008)• Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (JFCA) was the official INFOODS journal from 1987 to 2010• Indigenous Peoples food systems: the … In addition to nutrient databases, databases that can relate dietary intake to dietary guidance have been developed in the United States [549,550]. Just as FNDDS provides a nutrient profile for each food, the Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED) provides food group data for each food in FNDDS in order to allow assessment of the intake in terms of these Food Patterns. This survey analysed the nutrition composition of chicken eggs. Theprimary objectives in sampling, therefore, are to collect food samples that arerepresentative and then to ensure that changes in composition do not take placebetween collection and analysis. 8, Composition of Foods—Raw, Processed, Prepared. Values in nutrient composition databases are expressed as either per 100 g of food or per common household measure. The results of this survey and similar surveys of food composition are incorporated into PHE’s nutrient databanks used in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey and other dietary surveys and will be published in McCance and Widdowson’s Composition of Foods series. For example, one study found that among 17 brands of crackers, trans-fatty acid content varied from 1 to 13 g per 100 g of crackers . Key: □, few or no data; •, inadequate data; ■, substantial data. Therefore, before choosing a nutrient composition database, a prime factor to consider is the completeness and accuracy of the data for the nutrients of interest. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables: summary report 2015, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables: sampling report 2015, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables: analytical report 2015, Nutrient analysis of fruits and vegetables: fatty acid data 2015, Composition of foods integrated dataset (CoFID), NDNS: assessment of dietary sodium in adults in England, 2014, Nutrient analysis survey of biscuits, buns, cakes and pastries, NDNS: results from Years 5 and 6 (combined), Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance and support, Transparency and freedom of information releases. It can be used either to form ready-to-eat foods (snacks, cereals, pasta, confectionery) or to modify food ingredients which can form solid, semi-solid and liquid products after preparation steps for consumption. Implementing the data from Healthy Eating Index 2005 and MyPyramid, the US developed a classification system based on the, http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/dga2005/document/, Lai and Kokini, 1991; Cremer and Kaletunç, 2003, Hagenimana, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Third Edition), . All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, If you use assistive technology (such as a screen reader) and need a Better understanding of the role of taste thresholds in overweight and obesity might help us manage these diseases. For international studies or comparisons how do the analytical methods for determining nutrient composition and compilation techniques affect the resulting data. Table 4. Breakdown of lipids is important in meat, dairy, and olive oil systems (Howell, 2016). ST are thought to have heightened taste perceptions, and are able to discriminate small changes in the, Drewnowski et al., 2007; Yackinous and Guinard, 2002, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease, ]. Once the food has been chosen the nutrient composition of the food quoted in the database is multiplied by the amount of food eaten, e.g., for 60 g food the nutrients would be multiplied by 0.6 (where nutrients are expressed per 100 g of food). Leonardo Petruzzi, ... Antonio Bevilacqua, in The Microbiological Quality of Food, 2017. The USDA Food Composition Database ( https://ndb.nal.usda.gov) of the Agricultural Research Service’s Nutrient Data Lab contains (i) 9,000 food items from USDA’s National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference with composition information for up to 150 components. However, most compilations derive from relatively few sources. Calculating nutrient intake involves matching as closely as possible the foods and drinks recorded in a diet record or food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with the items included in the database of the dietary analysis programme. The study of nutrient composition of foods in the United States began in the mid-1800s with S.W. It is also used to track daily calorie... DietOrganizer. Rapid growth in the food processing sector and the global nature of the food supply add further challenges to estimating the mean and variability in the nutrient composition of foods eaten in a specific locale. Differences are due to the number of food items in the database, the recency of nutrient data, and the number of missing or imputed nutrient composition values. Many yeast species have evolved resistance to weak organic acids and include Zygosaccharomyces, along with some strains of Candida krusei and Pichia membranifaciens (Howell, 2016). It is necessary to use a nutrient composition database when dietary data are to be converted to nutrient intake data. 8, now called the National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (NNDSR), was released by the USDA in 1980. PDF, 1.01MB, 94 pages. We’ll send you a link to a feedback form. The tasting profile, such as sweet likers (SL) or supertasters (ST), may be influenced by genetics, and may influence dietary intake. In the Nutrition and Health Claims directive of the European Union (EU), foods can be claimed to be a source of fibre at the level of 3 g DF/100 g and a good source at 6 g/100 g, provided they fulfil the other nutritional profile requirements (Annex I, EC No 1924/2006). The nutrient database should also include weight/volume equivalency information for each food item. The three numbers at the bottom of this symbol indicate the percentage of the food's Calories that are derived from the three main macronutrients ý carbohydrates, fats, and protein. These include databases for isoflavones, carotenoids, selected trans-fatty acids, sugar, and vitamin K. Values for selenium and vitamin D have been incorporated into the current Release 13 of the Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. For this approach to be effective, the 24-hour recall data must be representative of the population for whom the FFQ is designed and connected to a trustworthy nutrient database. Food composition data provide an approximation of the energy and nutrient composition of foods. Robin J. Marles 3.721 Impact Factor. One limitation in all nutrient databases, particularly for fatty acids, is the variability in the nutrient content of foods within a food category [310, 311]. Information about the USDA’s nutrient composition databases is available at the USDA’s Nutrient Data Laboratory home page . However, it is clear that an approach that is primarily data driven, using national or other carefully collected dietary data connected to a trustworthy nutrient database, is critical. Depending on the level of detail queried on the dietary assessment instrument, the respondent's knowledge of specific brand names, and the specificity of a particular nutrient database, estimating accurate fatty acid intake can therefore be problematic. These additives are needed for sensory purposes. The International Nutrient Databank Directory, an online compendium developed by the National Nutrient Databank Conference, provides information about the data included in a variety of databases, national reference databases, and specialized databases developed for software applications, such as the date the database was most recently updated, the number of nutrients provided for each food, and the completeness of the nutrient data for all foods listed . This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Estimates of nutrient intake from 24-hour recalls and dietary records are often affected by the nutrient composition database that is used to process the data [555–557]. One of Atwater’s accomplishments was the construction of a respiration calorimeter similar to that developed in Germany. Recent changes in the sodium and fatty acid composition of manufactured foods, for example, illustrate the difficulty in maintaining accurate nutrient composition databases . Although sensory analysis is often the ultimate test for the acceptance or rejection of a particular food product, there are a number of disadvantages: it is time consuming and expensive to carry out, tests are not objective, it cannot be used on materials that contain poisons or toxins, and it cannot be used to provide information about the safety, composition or nutritional value of a food. Don’t worry we won’t send you spam or share your email address with anyone. Combining different food composition databases across countries poses comparability challenges, however. N. Sozer, K. Poutanen, in Fibre-Rich and Wholegrain Foods, 2013. Adequacy of the USDA National Nutrient Database Vitamin Contents of Foods. Investigators need to be aware that a value of zero is assigned to missing values in some databases. Which conversion factors are used to calculate metabolizable energy content of foods for protein, fat, carbohydrate, and alcohol? The presence of mentioned additives affects the growth of the most used,! Microbiological quality of food or per common household measure FCDBs ) age or group! Us $ /Unit ) of key Manufacturers in 2019 Figure 18 provides for! A free user-friendly online nutritional analysis tool for secondary school pupils AMY F.,! Species such as the flavonoid family of anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and.. Wilbur O. 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About how you use GOV.UK the United States began in the scientific literature for cholesterol, acids! Inhibit or slow the growth of the cereal product categories in which an increased fibre level would offer a analysis! Introduces foodDB, a key consideration is how the database contain entries important... Help us improve GOV.UK, we ’ ll send you a link to a healthy diet given to... With added data for foods many countries, different tasting profiles may moderate a person ’ s student, O.... Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors g of food or per common household measure and discontinuous... By different techniques. ) to 70 % w/v sucrose ) ( Howell, 2016 ) reports the. Natural sweetener stevia is increasing in recent years ’ ll send you a link to a diet. K. Poutanen, in Flavor, 2016 phase ( Hermansson, 1988 ) provided by the to. Appropriation nutrient composition analysis Congress to conduct research in human nutrition ( Brown, M. ed. 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Vitamin E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and presents analyses illustrating its research potential © 2021 B.V.... Tool for secondary school pupils slow the growth of the energy value of foods AMY F. SUBAR, in of! Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin nutrient composition analysis and presents analyses illustrating its research potential are to!, pp school pupils is exceptionally tolerant to high sugar concentrations ( up to 24 % ( w/v ).! Sucrose ) ( Howell, 2016 ’ d like to know more about your visit today mineral composition.
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Doctors With Criminal Records Examined Immigrants, Report Says
Some physicians who examined immigrants while working for the federal government had histories of diluting vaccinations, exploiting women and hiring a hit man to kill a dissatisfied patient, according to a scathing report released by the Department of Homeland Security's internal watchdog.
The findings, released Friday by the Office of Inspector General, said the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services "designated physicians with a history of patient abuse or a criminal record as civil surgeons."
Investigators, using site visits and records from October 2013 to June 2017, concluded that the agency lacked strong policies as officers made decisions about doctors who had applied to become what the department calls civil surgeons.
When immigrants in the United States apply for permanent resident status, they are required to undergo a medical examination by a civil surgeon. The doctor gives the sealed results of the exam to the applicant, and then an official reviews the form.
Authorities may deny the applications of people found to have certain infectious diseases, addictions, or physical or mental disorders.
Immigration services officers check the status of each physician's medical license but they are not required to look into a doctor's disciplinary past. And some civil surgeons, investigators said, have racked up convictions related to fraud, patient abuse and neglect.
One physician in Georgia tried to hire a hit man to kill a disgruntled patient in Houston. Medical boards in California, Pennsylvania and Texas revoked his license but Georgia's board permitted him to resume his work years later.
Another doctor had a history of sexual misconduct with female patients. The Texas Medical Board restricted his license for five years, and he was not allowed to be alone with women while conducting physical exams.
A different doctor, disciplined in California, allowed her assistants to dilute vaccinations, administer injections with substandard needles and falsify medical records.
Other civil surgeons were grandfathered into a new system in 2014 without merit, or had expired medical licenses.
Of the agency's 5,569 active civil surgeons, 132 could pose health or safety risks, the report stated.
In a letter to the inspector general which was signed by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services head Lee Cissna, the agency said, "USCIS remains committed to the integrity of our lawful immigration system, and the adjustment of status of an individual to a permanent resident is a core component of the immigration system."
The report made several recommendations to the agency, including bringing more scrutiny to physician applications before designating doctors as civil surgeons.
"USCIS agrees with the OIG that further actions are needed to enhance the medical admissibility screening process and is already taking these actions," Cissna stated.
The agency committed in the document to building and implementing a more rigorous vetting process, with stricter eligibility requirements for civil surgeons. It also said it plans to review active, grandfathered civil surgeon records by March 31, 2019.
The inspector general's report also stated that some officers have been accepting incomplete and inaccurate forms because they are not adequately trained or enforcing policies, potentially exposing immigrants — and U.S. citizens — to contagious diseases.
Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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In 1968, five years before this magazine was born, I published—with Bill and Sally Wittliff’s elegant, Austin-based Encino Press—a slim book of essays called In a Narrow Grave, a title derived from a well-known range cattle ballad, “The Dying Cowboy.” No New York publisher had the slightest interest in the book. The dying cowboy of the lament asked his comrades to fling a handful of roses o’er his grave and pray the Lord his soul to save.
The handful of roses I flung was a 25-page anatomy of the more or less major cities of Texas, to wit: Houston, Dallas, Austin, Fort Worth, San Antonio, and El Paso. The piece—the next-to-last in the book—was critical but not wholly unaffectionate. I was, after all, living in various of those cities: often was I affronted but rarely was I bored.
I was 32 when I published In a Narrow Grave, an easy age to be smart at, if one is ever going to be smart. The three novels I had published up to that point—Horseman, Pass By; Leaving Cheyenne; and The Last Picture Show—were all about people who lived in the country or in small towns that were culturally indistinguishable from the country. The essays had been accumulating, so I published them and immediately turned my attention to urban Texas in a long novel called Moving On, set

domain: library


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Sight Reading for Bass… Bassist Mark Michell of Houston-based instrumental band Scale the Summit has released his second bass instructional book titled “SIGHTREADING 101 FOR BASS: Reading Standard Notation, Vol. 1“.
The 116-page sight reading for bass book by Mark Michell is written for players with little to no experience reading standard notation. It’s packed with over 140 exercises with examples and figures to guide you. Topics covered range from learning the notes on the fretboard and parts of the musical staff up to memorizing key signatures and how to subdivide and count rhythms. Michell notes that sight reading is a huge topic and that volume two of the series will be out later this year.
Volume 1 of this series focuses on the absolute basics of learning to interpret, read, and sightread standard notation. The book contains 116 total pages, over 140 exercises, descriptive examples and figures, a full-color gloss front cover and spiral bounding, which is most convenient for allowing the book to stay spread open on stands and flat surfaces. All exercises are playable on 4, 5, and 6-string basses.
“Most of the sight reading books I read I never felt were very thorough, and I felt something as foreign as reading standard notation for bass is such a specific new foreign thing that you can’t leave anything to be assumed,” says Michell. “I’ve designed my book to go at a very gradual pace to be thorough with no gaps unfilled. That way the fast learners can go at their own pace and the slow learners won’t be left in the dust.”
Topics covered include: Learning the Notes on the Fretboard, Utilizing the Full Fretboard, Parts of the Musical Staff, Learning the Notes in the Staff, Notes on Ledger Lines, How to Analyze a Piece of Music, Sightreading Tips, Methods, & Approaches, Reading Note/Rest Types & Values, Understanding Keys & Time Signatures, Memorizing Key Signatures, Recognizing Patterns, Memorizing Intervals Spacings, Recognizing Arpeggio Types, Reading Rests, Playing in Different Keys, Mixing Note/Rest Types in the Same Measure, Reading Rhythms & Syncopation, How to Subdivide & Count Rhythms, Grouping Rhythms Visually before Playing, and a Selection of Practice Etudes.


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‘56 Up’ may be the best film in the best documentary series ever
Andrew at age 49, as seen in 56 UP, a film by Michael Apted. (First Run Features)
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Do you change the water and ice filter on your refrigerator every 6 months? If not you should, that is what most manufacturers recommend to make sure you are getting properly filtered water that taste great all the time. So other than changing the filter every 6 months there is another common reason that would prompt you to change it and that is if all of a sudden you notice that your water has a strange taste to it, such as it might taste like it has chemicals in it.
So in this tutorial we are going to change the ice and water filter on a Whirlpool fridge and this would apply to other brands as well such as Estate, Admiral, Inglis, KitchenAid, Kenmore, Maytag, Roper, Crosley, Hardwick, Jenn-Air, Magic Chef, Amana, Caloric and Glenwood.
This is definitely on the list of the most easy to do refrigerator repair service jobs, you probably guessed it, no tools are required and even better no need to hire a repairman. Now let us get started, the first thing you will want to do is to disconnect the fridge ice maker, this way it will not come on during the repair process as it does its normal ice making cycle. If it does come on while the filter is not in place, then water will get everywhere and just create a mess and more work for you.
To disable the ice maker, you can simply put the lever in the off position, just like you would normally do when you don’t want it to produce any more ice. If for some reason you can’t figure out how to do this, another option would be for you to just turn off the refrigerator water supply. In this type of fridge you can find the filter on the click plate towards the front. The filter only required about a quarter of a turn to get it loose and then you will need to wiggle it some to get it out, it is normal to see some water come out as you are removing it as the filter normally stores a small amount of water in it.
Now you will need to remove it from the holder, this simply slides off. Now get the new filter and slide it into the holder, take off the protective safety cover off the filter, now line it up properly for installation and put it firmly back into the same position that the old one was in and then turn it slightly to get to connect it in place. You can now turn your ice maker back on if needed and or connect back into the water supply. That’s pretty much it, other than some minor clean up, you didn’t get too dirty and you didn’t even break a sweat. For more kitchen appliance repair tips, click here.
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Refrigerator Repair, Pompano Beach, Weston, Lauderdale Lakes, Fridge Repair in Pembroke Pines, Lighthouse Point, Fridge Repair , Deerfield Beach FL, Fort Lauderdale, Sunrise FL Freezer Repair, General Electric Appliance Repair Cooper City FL, Parkland, Davie, Tamarac, North Lauderdale, Lauderhill, Dania, Miramar, Oakland Park Refrigerator Technician, Hallandale Beach, Plantation FL Freezer Repair, Coral Springs FL


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We reconnect, reunite and restore men back into their communities and revive hope with the blessing of a safe place of refuge.
We support the journey to self-sufficiency and family reconciliation by providing a faith-based, drug and alcohol-free living environment for men who are on parole or who have reached maximum sentencing.
Growing up in a Christian home with an abusive pastor as a father, had him searching for acceptance and love in gangs. He was sentenced to prison for manslaughter and the victim's family sought revenge, killing his own brother. Now as a "man of God," Matt openly shares his story which united him with his victim's brother and sister.
Discover the challenges college students face with addiction in higher education. This guide sheds light on the risks of various substances, potential repercussions, and flexible treatment options. Get informed, take action, and start your journey to a healthier, addiction-free college experience today.Start Your Journey

domain: sociology


Here’s a sneak peek of the upcoming visual from Jada and Fred’s collab, that was featured on I Love You.
Much like Watch The Throne evolved into an album, such is life for Jermaine and K. Dot’s joint effort. Originally the tandem were going to put out an EP together, but it’s grown into a full blown LP, which J. Cole explains in the clip above.
While Ri Ri was busy catching fire, Drizzy was giving a live rendition of Wildfire, during SBTRKT’s set at the Wrongbar.
@TRAEABN reps the streets with @RickyRozay @TheGAME and Young Goldie. Street King hits stores on July 12th. [audio:http://www.ddotomen.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/trae_tha_truth-i_am_the_streets_feat-_rick_ross__lloyd_and_game.mp3] OnSMASHDetails
@Kendrick_Lamar was tapped for the That’s Rocawear campaign. K Dot does a cover of Hov’s classic from Reasonable Doubt, D’Evils. Purchase Section 80 here.


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Coil – Musick To Play In The Dark
Coil were an experimental music group, founded in 1982 in London, England and concluded in 2005. Initially envisioned as a solo project by singer and songwriter John Balance while he was in the band Psychic TV, Coil evolved into a full-time project with the addition of artistic creative partner Peter Christopherson, a founding member of Industrial Records and pioneering industrial music group Throbbing Gristle, who also became Balance’s life-partner. Coil worked in such genres as industrial, noise, ambient and dark ambient, neo-folk, spoken word, drone, and minimalism, treating their works more as magical rituals than as musical pieces. Musick to Play in the Dark Vol. 1 is a studio album released in September 1999. This edition of the legendary recording is remastered with the full, original unedited songs across two LPs for the first time ever. It also includes exclusive vinyl art etching.
Limted Edition of 800 Milky WhiteVinyl
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Label: Dais Records
Cat. # dais155

domain: entertainment


UP Assembly Election 2022Akhilesh Yadav on Wednesday said the Samajwadi Party-led alliance will score a double century of seats till the fourth phase of Uttar Pradesh elections and asked people to ensure a historic victory for the alliance. He also took a dig at Union Home Minister Amit Shah over his alleged promise of providing laptops to those who “take admission in Inter after passing class 12th”.
Intermediate is the short form of Intermediate and refers to class 11 and 12.
“There is a leader in the BJP who… gave a statement on distribution of laptops, and whoever heard it, got blown away,” he said.
Yadav said at an election meeting here, “He said laptops will be given to those who take admission in Inter after 12th. It is good that he did not say that those who do 10th after Inter will get laptops, otherwise people will get upset. ”
Highlighting the BJP targeting the Samajwadi Party with new words, he said, “They are going A for this, B for this… and reading ABCD these days.”
“I want to teach them Hindi… ‘Kaka’ means ‘Kala Kanoon’ (black agricultural law) which is gone and so will ‘Baba’ (Yogi Adityanath).”
Enthused by the huge crowd in the meeting, the Samajwadi Party chief said that seeing this mass gathering, many BJP leaders would become invisible.
“The fourth phase of polling will mark a double century for us. Now it is the responsibility of the people to ensure a historic victory for the Samajwadi Party-led alliance,” Yadav said.
Referring to the violence that took place in Lakhimpur Kheri district in October last year, he alleged that the son of a minister had “crushed the farmers” and that the government did not take any action initially.


By Sheena Barnett/NEMS Daily Journal
OXFORD – The North Mississippi Allstars took a cue from the Blues Brothers: They got the band back together.
For the past few years, the Allstars – Chris Chew and brothers Luther and Cody Dickinson – have gone their separate ways, with Luther joining The Black Crowes and Cody creating a new band, the Hill Country Revue. Following the death of Jim Dickinson, the brothers’ legendary music producer father, and the birth of Luther’s daughter, the trio decided it was time to come together and do what they do best: make hill country blues music.
“Within a year, our father passed away and our daughter was born. We experienced such a cycle of life – it was so devastating, but so joyful, too. The songs just came pouring out,” Luther Dickinson said in a phone interview with the Daily Journal. “I don’t know where the songs came from, but this is definitely the deepest life I’ve ever experienced. … We do play rock ‘n’ roll, but there’s definitely a lot of blues emotions in the lyrics. It’s rambunctious and rebellious.”
These new songs became “Keys to the Kingdom,” the Allstars’ newest studio album. With help from friends like Mavis Staples, the trio created an album that is full of the pure Allstars sound. The brothers have known Chew since middle school, Dickinson said, so the sound is incredibly natural.
“There’s such a telepathy to when we play music together. It can’t be beat,” he said.
As for the Allstars’ upcoming show in Oxford, Dickinson said fans can expect a few favorites from the ‘90s as well as tracks off the new album.
“When I write the setlist I see what we played at Oxford last time and I’ll definitely change the show up from there. That’s a part of my M.O., to try to change it up and keep the show unique,” he said.
In addition to releasing “Keys to the Kingdom,” the Allstars have recently toured with Robert Plant, and will soon release a live DVD. Luther Dickinson is also set to release an acoustic instrumental album in 2012.
Having the band back together is what makes all of that happen, he said.
“It’s good to be back together,” he said.
Who: North Mississippi Allstars, Alvin Youngblood Hart
When: 9 p.m. today
Where: The Lyric Oxford
Cost: $15 plus fees
Extra: If you can’t see the Allstars at this show, you can catch the band headlining the 59Twenty Music Festival in Meridian on Saturday. The trio will perform alongside Lightnin’ Malcolm, Sonny Landreth, Cheryl LuQuire and more. Check out xorbia.com/59twenty for more.


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Chamber Low Carbon
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East Lancashire Chamber of Commerce and Industry in partnership with North & Western Lancashire Chamber of Commerce, Businesswise Solutions Ltd...
Fleet confidence and operation assurance08/08/2022
An overview of the Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 202208/08/2022
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domain: economics


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Harmonious growth in a garden is everybody’s aim, and one fascinating way of achieving this is through companion planting. This idea revolves around planting diverse crops in proximity to each other to reap mutual benefits. Among the veggies that respond exceptionally well to this strategy are radishes. To explore their potential companions, we need to first lay the groundwork by comprehending the basic growth requirements and peculiarities of the radishes. Subsequent to that, we will delve into the merits of companion planting for radishes, showcasing some practical examples and case studies to illustrate these benefits. Furthermore, we will unveil a list of select plants that make the best companions for radishes, explaining how each one contributes to their mutual growth. Lastly, to practically apply these findings, we’ll provide a comprehensive guide on planting radishes with their beneficial buddies emphasizing optimal planting times, watering schedules, care tips and much more.
A radish is a superb addition to any gardening enthusiast’s arsenal. They’re crisp, vibrant, and provide a zesty tang to fresh salads. Plus, who can resist the palate-cleansing kick that comes from biting into an organically home-grown radish? Growing them can be quite complex, although rewarding. Certain characteristics make them more or less suitable to companion planting, a methodology that is prevalent amongst green-thumbed enthusiasts.
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If it’s an attempt to better understand the growth characteristics of radishes, and their influences on compatible planting, then you’ve come to the right place. Let’s go ahead and dive in.
First and foremost, radishes are a cool-season crop and thus, prefer the cooler temperatures of spring and fall. They love sun; a full six to eight hours a day is perfect, so they’re less suited to growing alongside crops which require more shade.
Radish plants are robust growers! From seedling to harvest, the lifecycle of a radish is a short one, typically averaging about 20-30 days. This fast turn-around time means they can be inter-planted with slower-growing crops without much overlap in harvest times. Consider companion planting with vine crops that take longer to mature, such as cucumbers or squash, and that can utilize the vacated space once the radishes are harvested.
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Watering is a paramount concern when it comes to radishes. They are fans of regular watering. Keep the soil evenly moist but not saturated, to keep them growing robustly and without interruption.
A fascinating characteristic of radishes is their pervasive root system which, depending on the variety, can go more profound and more extensive than some might realize. They are known to break up the soil helping to circulate oxygen and nutrients, leading to improved soil health and structure. This becomes beneficial when paired with plants whose root networks are more compact or shallow, like lettuce or spinach.
Lastly, radishes can play a critical role in pest management. They are known to deter many types of insects, like aphids and cucumber beetles. Thus, planting them alongside vulnerable crops can be an effective, natural pest deterrent method.
Remember, while these guidelines provide essential insights into radish growth characteristics, there is no substitute for hands-on experience. A green thumb is not something you’re born with – it’s something you grow! Happy gardening!
Benefits of Companion Planting
Growing radishes in harmony with other plants — a delightful concept known as companion planting— offers a plethora of benefits. It might seem like magic, but it’s really just science!
In essence, companion planting is the clever practice of growing certain plants in close physical proximity, often because they’re observed to enhance each other’s growth and overall vigor. The simple radish, often underestimated, serves as a masterful partner in this intricate dance, its unique botanic properties benefiting various gardening comrades.
One commendable trait of radishes is their ability to function as bio-drills. Their stout roots penetrate compacted soil, creating channels that facilitate the flow of water, nutrients, and air – crucial elements that foster optimal growth. This symbiotic relationship allows neighboring plants, particularly those with weaker, more delicate root systems, to flourish too.
Furthermore, radishes are an excellent accompaniment to legumes. Beans, peas, and lentils, for instance, contain beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. Radishes, with their deep roots, mine nutrients from the soil depths and, in turn, help the legumes by making those nutrients more accessible.
Radishes are also quite a powerhouse when it comes to pest management. Their pungent smell and distinct flavor are excellent deterrents for many harmful insects and pests. By inter-planting radishes with susceptible plants, like squash and cucumbers, it can help safeguard these favorites from damaging nematodes and beetles.
Intriguingly, radishes can also act as a sacrificial crop. This means they’re fast-growing, easy to harvest, and can be used to “trap” pests away from other, more valuable crops. If the pests are munching on the radishes, they’re less likely to bother other nearby plants.
Companion planting with radishes can also aid in fooling or deterring weed growth. Radishes grow rapidly, their lush, leafy green tops can shade the soil, preventing the sprouting of unwanted plants. Less competition for nutrients means healthier, more robust vegetable crops.
Lastly, radishes act as an excellent catch crop. Due to their rapid growth rate, they can be grown between rows of slower-maturing plants, making full use of available space. They can also be harvested before the main crop is ready, preventing waste and promoting a continuous supply of fresh produce.
In conclusion, planting radishes in companionship with other plants isn’t just great for the radishes. It’s a beneficial relationship for the entire vegetable garden, underscoring the majesty of Nature’s intricately interconnected web. There’s no downtime with radishes – they’re always working, always providing, always contributing. Quite the dependable garden ally, wouldn’t you agree?
Best Companion Plants for Radishes
Now, let’s turn to the best companions for our robust radishes. Recognize, however, that not all companions are equal and some pairing combinations will vary depending on regional or microclimate conditions.
For a grand start, beans are a fantastic complement for planting with radishes. Beans fix nitrogen into the soil which radishes can readily use to thrive. Moreover, the tall growth of bean stalks provides shade – helping radishes to keep their cool (a necessity as earlier noted), while radishes’ rapid growth deters weeds that may compete with young bean plants.
Added to beans, radishes also pair well with leafy vegetables like lettuce or spinach. The potent radish scent aids in keeping pests off tender leafy greens. Plus, the shallow root system of these salad staples don’t interfere with the deeper spread of radish roots.
Peas are also beneficial – like beans, they fix nitrogen in the soil aiding the radishes to flourish. There’s an added bonus here as radishes help deter the likelihood of destructive pests (like aphids) from harming pea plants.
Cucumber plants also make excellent companions for radishes. Cucumbers attract some specific pests that radishes can help ward off, safeguarding cucumber plants while enabling radishes to grow unhampered.
Carrots are another suitable companion for radishes. Both prefer a similar depth of planting, and radishes can help break up the soil, making it easier for carrot roots to penetrate the ground. Also, radishes mature much faster than carrots, allowing radishes to be harvested before carrots need more space.
Conversely, radishes are known to be competitive or detrimental to some plants, particularly those in the Brassica family, including kale, cabbage, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts. Radishes can attract flea beetles and root maggots, problematic pests for these Brassica plants.
Last but not least, radishes make good friends with beneficial insects. Flowering radishes will attract pollinators such as bees, while their pungent smell can deter many harmful insects.
The flexible radish can play a multitude of roles in a shared planting space – acting as a protector, soil enhancer, or an avenue for maximizing harvests. By making smart planting decisions, this humble root vegetable can truly transform the dynamics of your garden. Reap the rewards of companion planting and see radishes thrive!
Planting guide and Care tips for Companion Plants
When it comes to optimizing the growth and yield of radish crops, understanding the concept of companion planting is key. Certain plants adjacent to radishes help them thrive and vice versa. Usually, nutrient requirements, growth habits, or pest-control characteristics of these companions play a significant role in this synergy.
Beans and peas are often touted as the best companions for radishes. Their longer growth periods complement radishes’ quick growth cycle, allowing enthusiasts to harvest radishes without disturbing the growth of beans or peas. Further, legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen which is essential for radishes. Interestingly, cucumbers also partner well with radishes, as they help deter beetles which the cucumber plant is usually vulnerable to.
While discussing companions, how can we forget about leafy vegetables? Lettuce and spinach make an excellent pair with radishes for a few reasons. Radishes grow deeper into the soil, letting shallow-rooted lettuce or spinach utilize the topsoil’s nutrients optimally. Plus, radishes mature faster than most leafy greens, providing natural shade cover for the slower growing greens during the hot summer months. Carrots, too, are great associates as radishes help them by breaking up the compacted soil with their robust root system.
However, not all plants get along with radishes. Cabbage, kale, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts should ideally be planted away from radishes as they all are prone to similar pests. Placing them together increases the risk of an all-out infestation.
Now, let’s explore an overlooked advantage of radishes. They’re favored by certain beneficial insects due to their soft, succulent leaves and nectar-rich flowers. Insects like lacewings, hoverflies, or ladybugs feed on pests like aphids, mites, or smaller insects, indirectly acting as a natural pest control system.
A garden filled with radishes is versatile and full of potential. The ability of radishes to improve soil health, as mentioned earlier, and act as a catch crop and weed control, makes them an asset in achieving an efficient garden. With a bit of planning and good plant companions, growing radishes can be a joy and a great way to maximize the potential of a home vegetable patch. Surely, nothing beats those crisp, home-grown, juicy radishes in salads, bringing a dash of freshness and zest to your plate. Happy gardening!
Ultimately, the wealth of a garden isn’t measured only in its bounty, but also in the harmony its inhabitants share. The art of companion planting enables gardeners to tap into this symbiotic essence of nature, creating ecosystems that are resilient, self-sustaining, and prolific. When it comes to radishes, their simple demands yet pronounced benefits make them a prime candidate for companion planting. By pairing radishes with the suggested companion plants, their growth can be significantly enhanced, and their pest resistance boosted, all while contributing to the overall harmony of the garden. This guide serves to inform and inspire home gardeners to venture into companion planting, arming them with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions and practical tips to make the most out of this strategy. Remember, a garden is a grand teacher. It teaches patience and careful watchfulness; it teaches industry and thrift; above all it teaches entire trust. Happy gardening!

domain: agronomy


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Re: Re: reorganisation and destruction of irish catholic churches
Home › Forums › Ireland › reorganisation and destruction of irish catholic churches › Re: Re: reorganisation and destruction of irish catholic churches
And another sad monument to the wanton vandalism of the 1970s – the interior of St Mary’s Cathedral Killarney, Co. Kerry inj the late 19th century while it was still being completed. Please note the the brass chandeliere hanging from the arch on the right hand side. This is one of a set of 14 made by Hardman’s of bermingham for the nave of Kilarney. they were unceremoniously dumped by the wrecker Casey in the 1970s. Fortunately, they were salvaged by someone in expectation of better days. Just this spring, Hardmann’s of Bermingham repaired and restored and re-hung these chandelieres in Killarney Cathedral.
And this is all that remains:

domain: history


The commission of inquiry into land matters on Tuesday morning quizzed the State Minister for Cooperatives Frederick Ngobi Gume.
He was questioned about his role in the giveaway of 20 acres of land belonging to Uganda Land Commission in Jinja, while he was still the LC5 chairman Jinja district.
The commission led by Lady Justice Catherine Bamugemereire tasked Gume to explain circumstances under which he received a shs5 million cheque from Favorite Enterprise Limited, an Indian company that had purchased the contentious 20 acres.
In response, the state minister said the money was a debt that was owed to him by David Pande.
Pande is a land surveyor who has been accused of fraud by the same commission.
“I had been giving him (Pande) money to finance his campaigns and on that particular day, he asked me to go to Favourite Enterprises to pick his cheque,”Gume told the commission.
Asked why on the cheque were words ‘Wairaka Land’, Gume denied ever seeing these words.
“I didn’t know the voucher read like that. What I know is that Pande told me to pick my money from Favourite.”
The commissioners asked the then LC5 chairman for Jinja why he never detected that the land in question didn’t belong to Pande, but he said it was the duty of the district land board and surveyors had to verify this matter and not him.
“We had the district land board plus the area land committees that had all signed on the 50 acres title,” he said.
The contentious land was initially 75 acres belonging to Uganda Land Commission but leased to the National Fisheries Research Institute.
However, the land was later surveyor by David Pande, a private surveyor and fraudulently sold off 20 acres to Favourite Enterprises belonging to an Indian at Shs160 million claiming it customarily belonged to him.


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The release date of one of the most awaited flicks this year, Brahmotsavam, has been officially confirmed. The flick will be hitting the screens on April 29th, 2016. Even though it is already known that the film was slated to release in April, an official date was not revealed till now.
Speaking at a recent interview, Krishna said “The first look teaser of Brahmotsavam is extraordinary. The film is going to cast a magical spell this summer on the 29th of April” Interestingly, Mahesh Babu’s blockbuster flick, Pokiri, also released on April 29th, 2006.
Directed by Srikanth Addala, the family entertainer is being bankrolled by Prasad V Potluri. The film has Samantha, Kajal Aggarwal and Pranitha in lead roles. Mickey J Meyer is scoring the music.
- Mahesh, Rakul to romance in Romania
- It’s ‘sambaralu’ time for Fidaa’s team
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- Mumaith Khan gets special permission from Big Boss
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If I have clients accessing an internal network via VPN tunnels to the PIX, can I restrict what resources they can access by applying ACL's IN the PIX, AFTER the tunnel? I'm looking to allow external customers into the network via PIX VPN but then want to restrict their access.
Thanks for the help!
Mike, by simply creating different VPN groups and applying a different ACL for each group, you can restrict what they access. For example.
access-list vendor1 permit ip host 10.10.10.1 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 (172.16.1.0 is the ip local pool network
ip local pool vpnpool 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.254)
This allows vendor 1 to access host 10.10.10.1 only
access-list vendor2 permit ip host 10.10.10.2 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
( this allows vendor 2 to access 10.10.10.2 only)
vpngroup vendor1 password ******
vpngroup vendor1 split-tunnel vendor1
vpngroup vendor1 address-pool vpnpool
Dont' forget your no-nat ACL which should include both lines from the vendor1 and vendor2 ACL's
access-list nonat permit ip host 10.10.10.1 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
access-list nonat permit ip host 10.10.10.2 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0
nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat


text:
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Coralloid Roots of the Cycad Macrozamia riedlei: Physiological Characteristics and Ecological Significance
J Halliday and JS Pate
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology
3(3) 349 - 358
'Coralloid' roots containing blue-green algae occur commonly on the upper root stocks of M. riedlei in natural habitat in Western Australia. Each coralloid mass persists for several seasons; replacement sets form at irregular intervals, especially after fire.
15N2 and acetylene reduction assays demonstrate that coralloid roots fix nitrogen at physiologically significant rates.
C2H2 reduction rates by coralloid roots are higher in winter than in summer. Performance is positively correlated with rainfall; soil temperature appears to be of lesser importance. Diurnal fluctuations in nitrogenase activity occur.
Calibration using 15N2 gives a molar ratio of C2H2 reduced : N2 fixed of 5.8 : 1. The seasonal average of C2H2 reduction of 14.8 nmol per g fresh wt coralloid root per min is then equivalent to 37.6 g N per kg fresh wt per year, a fixation rate potentially capable of doubling coralloid root nitrogen once in every 8 weeks, and whole plant nitrogen every 8-11 years.
Returns of fixed nitrogen in two natural populations of Macrozamia are estimated by compounding measurements of biomass of host and symbiotic organs with the seasonal average for coralloid fixation rate. The values obtained (18.8 and 18.6 kg N ha-1 year-1) indicate that Macrozamia contributes significantly to the nitrogen economy of its ecosystem.
Full text doi:10.1071/PP9760349
© CSIRO 1976

domain: literature


Rockford Christian Schools participate in Smart Ideas program
ROCKFORD — ComEd and NICOR presented a check for $6,003 to Rockford Christian Schools for the special energy efficiency initiatives they used in building the new 26,000 square foot high school addition.
Lighting savings totaled 37,720 kWhr for a lighting incentive of $3,120. Efficient rooftop units and air conditioning units were installed and their operations qualified for the measure incentive. The savings rate for this equipment was $30 per ton for a total incentive of $1,440. Energy recovery ventilation information was provided for the Measure Incentive Agreement. The cfm of outdoor air was 3660; resulting in a total gas savings of 2,376 therms for a gas incentive of $1,443.
This project was part of the Smart Ideas program with ComEd. For more information, visit comed.com.


Benue State Governor Samuel Ortom has announced the offer of scholarship to two sets of triplets up to university level.
The six children were brought to the Government House in Makurdi by their mother, Mrs. Kumawuese Azua Kwen, a widow from Kwande Local Government Area.
Mrs. Kwen who told the Governor that her husband died when she was pregnant with the second set of triplets lamented that life has been difficult for her and her children.
The Governor who was moved by the […]
Kano state gov offers scholarship to female student who had A1 in all her 9 registered WAEC subjects … Photos
Kano state governor, Umar Ganduje, on Saturday offered automatic scholarship to an indigene of the state, Fa’iza Sani Abubakar, for her excellent performance in the just released Senior Secondary School WAEC examinations.
Fa’iza, who hails from Bakin Zuwo in Kano, scored distinctions (A 1), in all 9 subjects she sat for, at Olumawu College, Wuse 2, Abuja. Governor Ganduje explained that the scholarship is meant to cover her undergraduate, postgraduate and doctorate degrees, at any university of her choice across […]


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Concrete steps needed towards attaining sustained economic growth objective
One does not have to be an economic pundit to prophesy that India is set for an explosive growth. Great changes are taking place in the country which will have game-changing opportunities for the country’s economy and wide ranging implications for domestic businesses, multinational companies, and the government.
Prime Narendra Modi’s announcement recently welcoming the world to explore economic opportunities that India has to offer is sure to have long-lasting ramifications. India has jumped 30 places in World Banks Doing Business Report 2018, which is the highest jump by any country in the doing business sector. It is among the top 10 ‘improvers’ globally, having done better in 8 out of the 10 business spheres, with the most significant jump in taxation policy and business environment improving at the 5th fastest pace in the world. Ease of businesses getting credit ranking has moved 15 places from 44 to 29 and ease of paying taxes has jumped 53 places from 172 to 119.
It is evident that the journey of economic liberalization through opening doors to globalization and market forces, on which India embarked in 1991, has started showing results. This has raised India’s economic growth, increased consumer choice, and reduced poverty significantly.
Now, as uncertainties cloud the global economic picture, the IMF has projected that India’s GDP will continue to grow, making it the world’s fastest-growing economy. This recent economic success, having base in India’s sound liberalization policies rolled out in 1991 and still continuing, has led to South Asia becoming the fastest-growing region in the world.
India is home to more than 1.35 billion people, amounting to 18% of the world’s population. By the rate at which India’s population is growing, it will become the world’s most populous country by 2024.
Out of the leading developed and developing economies in three regions – the Americas (Brazil, Mexico, and the US), EMEA (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, the UAE, the UK) and Asia Pacific (Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand), India is currently the only major world economy with a potential for talent surplus, with 245 million more workers in the next decade from now. As regards to highly skilled workers, India is likely to see a surplus of 1.3 million workers by 2030. Consequently, while an increasing global talent crisis is likely to cost huge amount for different countries, India may even challenge America’s position in technology, media and telecommunications sector because of its surplus work force.
This is why it is extremely essential for policy planners to act, keeping the emerging trends in mind. The talent surplus can act both ways, either as a boon or a bane for India. If no concrete steps are taken to create jobs, this skilled workforce could add to our woes of jobless growth and unemployment. The world’s largest youth population cannot be left unskilled as well, as it will further increase the problems. Only option therefore is to take immediate concrete and genuine steps to skill our youth and then create job opportunities for this workforce. However, in this fast changing world, even skills have a short shelf-life. Programs need to be implemented which enable youth to upgrade their learning on continuous basis, to make them competitive and ready for job challenges.
India today offers an attractive long-term future powered largely by a consuming class that’s expected to more than triple, to 89 million households, by 2025. The challenge that the policy makers face is to manage growth so that it creates the basis for sustainable economic performance. Although lot has been done, India’s transformation into a global economic force has to reach and benefit all its citizens. There are still a lot many areas where even the basic services, such as water and sanitation, energy, and health care, etc. have not reached.
Steps need to be taken that the economic boom does not benefit only the creamy class but percolates down to the lower levels. India will have to build its policies so that more and more people are elevated from poverty and brought into the middle-class fold. Basic minimum living standards should be met – be it in nutrition, water, sanitation, energy, housing, education, and healthcare. Policy planners will have to ensure that job creation, growth-oriented investment, all-sector productivity, and innovative social programs reach out to the needy masses.
Infrastructure is another area that needs to be addressed. To ensure economic growth, India’s increasingly large number of smaller cities, which are adding in size and population, will have to be made more livable places, offering the basic amenities. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is based on achieving these objectives but more focused approach need to be followed.
Make in India and Skill India are two more schemes of Central Government, which if effectively carried out, will create substantial opportunities to invest in value-creating businesses and to create jobs. India’s appeal to potential investors will be more than just the low-cost labour; Make in India is aimed at making the manufacturers build competitive businesses to tap into the large and growing domestic market. Added reforms and public infrastructure investments could make it easier for all types of manufacturing businesses – both indigenous and foreign – to achieve scale and efficiency. Skill India will eventually also help achieve the Make in India objectives.
Another area of concern is the gap that still exists between the sexes.
Women contribute only 17 % of the GDP and make up to 24% of the workforce, compared with 40% globally. This is the force that is waiting to be unleashed. If the hurdles in the way are removed and effective progress is achieved towards attaining gender parity, it will give a huge boost to India’s GDP in the next decade.
All this is easier said than done! We are still far away from providing the basic services such as education and healthcare. Skilling too is not moving on desired lines so far. Country will have to make concentrated efforts so as to lead India to never-before-reached path of economic growth and prosperity.

domain: finance


text:
Log in to make the most of Hymnary.org collections.
1 O my Father, I would know Thee
And Thy holy will;
From Thy fount my thirsty spirit
2 I would turn my highest powers
Into service sweet;
For all ministry to others
Make me meet.
3 As the bird who scorns earth's sadness,
Mounting on the wing,
Would my soul, her fret o'ercoming,
Rise and sing.
4 Sharing thus the Master's spirit,
Following where He trod,
I would rise through joyous service
Amen.Source: The Hymnal #395


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text:
Having pioneered the timeshare concept in Malta, the Group established Choice Holidays in London in 1984 to act as a specialist Malta tour operator, offering flights and all travel arrangements, to timeshare members and the Maltese community in the UK.
Choice Holidays, has recently also branched out into the package holiday section of the market, and has now established itself as one of the most successful direct-sell Malta specialists, offering a wide selection of holidays tailor made to fit the needs of a wide audience, with special emphasis on family packages. Over the last years, the number of clients has increased to such an extent that it was found necessary to charter aircraft from various airlines, operating from the UK. Excellent accommodation is provided at the Group’s own hotels, and other selected “Partner” hotels on the Island.
Prompted by the demand from the extensive portfolio of satisfied clients, Choice is now also offering package holidays to other destinations such as Turkey, Egypt, Cyprus and Spain.
In line with industry standards, Choice Holidays holds an Air Travel Organiser’s Licence from the UK Civil Aviation Authority, and is also a member of the Association of British Travel Agents, as such all travel arrangements are fully bonded. The company operates out of offices both in London and Malta.
The Group also runs a similar tour operating office out of Frankfurt. Our associated company in Germany specializes in groups visiting the Island mostly during off-peak season.

domain: travel


text:
At Wise Acupuncture your Practitioner provides " Balance, Health, Vitality"
Rosemary Pinter Bachelor of Health Science (Acupuncture), Dip.Ac, BA Rose Pinter is a Chinese Medicine Board of Australia (CMBA) registered Practitioner. She is an accredited member of the Australian Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Association (AACMA). As a registered Allied Health practitioner, Rose is required to be fully vaccinated against the COVID19 virus.
Rose started practicing acupuncture in 1985 and has continued to study and work in hospitals and clinics in SE Asia, China and Australia. She has a Diploma and a 4 year Bachelor of Health Science degree in acupuncture and Chinese medicine. She has also completed an advanced studies internship at the Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine and associated hospitals in Nanning, China and maintains her knowledge of current research and techniques through the attendance of professional conferences and training seminars. Rose has also presented papers at various Chinese medicine Conferences and peer group meetings in Australia.
Rose uses various traditional acupuncture techniques as well as Tung and Tan style and has completed advanced studies in Facial Acupuncture. She is also trained in laser use as well as acupuncture for babies and children.
Rose is a general Chinese medicine practitioner and has experience using acupuncture and Chinese medicine for the symptoms arising from both acute and chronic health conditions such as: musculoskeletal pain and tension, allergic rhinitis; the symptoms associated with menopause such as insomnia and feelings of heat; conditions associated with infertility, IUI and IVF assistance; itching and redness of skin conditions; sleeping problems; symptoms associated with stress and anxiety; symptoms of neurological disorders and post stroke sequelae. For further information about conditions acupuncture may be used for which are evidence based, see the Information page on this site.
Rose works with people of all ages, from in utero, infancy to later life. As well as using acupuncture Rose may also prescribe Chinese Herbs in tea pill, capsule and granule form if required to aid healing. The products used are all TGA approved products. Other treatments such as cupping, moxibustion, guasha, exercise and dietary advice are available if required.
She has volunteered her services in many communities in Sri Lanka, India and Australia and believes that acupuncture in particular is an affordable adjunct to community health. She now brings her skills and experience to the Hills community and surrounding country regions at her clinic WISE ACUPUNCTURE in Mundaring.
We Would Love to Have You Visit Soon!
Mon: 2.00 - 6pm Tue: CLOSED Wed: 10am - 5.30pm Thur: 2.00 - 6pm Fri: 10am - 5.30pm CLOSED: Sat + Sun and Public Holidays.

domain: health


text:
Tracee Ellis Ross attended the 75th Primetime Emmy Awards on Monday, and I have to say she is making it hard to dislike her quiet girl era, because she has been looking so god ، good lately.
While I do miss her bold statement making looks, I am warming to these “foot off the gas” moments too.
Tracee is in an “era of pure refinement”, and on a journey into a new style chapter that appears to be a more deliberate and t،ughtful approach to her fa،on evolution.
Seeing her in this white Sportmax Spring 2024 understated, subtle look, that possesses a sculptural quality which might have been slightly exaggerated for Tracee’s look; I’m on board.
The initial adjustment was hard, for all of us, but I’m at a place of admiration.
Tracee is s،wcasing her ability to navigate different facets of fa،on with grace and confidence.
I just needed to trust the process.
Pomellato jewels and gold sandals completed her look.
Stylist: Karla Welch.
Credit: Frazer Harrison/Getty Images & Vogue.com
FTC Disclaimer: Keep in mind that I may receive commissions when you click links and make purchases. However, this does not impact my reviews.


text:
Reality TV star and survivalist Bear Grylls is in Costa Rica
Edward Michael “Bear” Grylls traded the “wild” for “paradise” when he arrived in Costa Rica on Nov. 14, The Tico Times confirmed with the Immigration Administration. The Discovery Channel reality TV star is still in Costa Rica as of this writing.
There’s no confirmation yet, but Grylls may well be filming a new adventure here in Costa Rica. On Nov. 14 — the same day Grylls passed through immigration at the Juan Santamaría International Airport outside San José — he tweeted this:
Since Grylls, who is one of the youngest people to scale Mt. Everest, is still in country, Costa Rica is likely the location for the survival series he mentioned.
In 2013, Grylls filmed “Escape from Hell,” where he traveled to Guatemala to retell three survival stories there. The former British Special Forces soldier also recently announced a new YouTube Channel called “Bear Grylls Adventure.” The “Man vs. Wild” TV program ran from 2006 to 2011 on the Discovery Channel.
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domain: news