Ics and scada are different, with ics being used slightly more in industry and scada used more in critical infrastructure, but the differences are superficial in a securityrelated context. The above figure shows the basic scada architecture. A range of io modules and isolated serial converters available in three different versions. Programmable logic controller plc also known as industrial computer or programmable controllers is the major component used in the industrial automation sector. These systems are part of the automation process that governs practically any industrial sector at present. Level 2 is more considered as the one for automatisms. Scada solutions supervisory control and data acquisition. What is the difference between siemens pcs7 and siemens. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada refers to ics industrial control systems used to control infrastructure processes water treatment, wastewater treatment, gas pipelines, wind farms, etc, facilitybased processes airports, space stations, ships, etc, or industrial processes production, manufacturing, refining, power generation, etc. Scada systems architecture, different types and applications. Webx client webx is a web interface that allows you to access the servers data via a web connection intranet or internet. What are different types of data type that power scada expert supports. Abb, a swiss multinational company have been providing a wide variety of power line carrier equipment for many years. Monolithic or early scada systems, second generation.
These delays may cause scada protocols to assume errors in the. Enabling effective decision making for the water and power industries. Oct 06, 2011 interaction is through a graphical user interface gui that facilitates information exchange and communication between two types of hmi supervisory and machine level. The secondary component is mimic module, followed by alarm module, trending and reporting. What is supervisory control and data acquisition scada. Hmiscada software in the age of industrial iot and. Scada systems are used in oil and gas pipeline and other remote control and monitoring applications, such as electrical transmission and distribution, and water. As it is known, the scada systems are able to measure and monitor different parameters and variables, such as. It is one of the most commonlyused types of industrial control systems.
Besides, the operator cant acknowledge it right away because hes dealing with several other alarms that went. Scada is basically a control system spread geographically over multiple sites. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems have been part of the process industries for many decades and cyber security measures need to grow as technology advances. Inductive university has hundreds of ignition videos led by the experts to get you trained, or to help you find quick answers.
So it can be a lot of different smaller controllers, such as plcs running their own software, but each part of the system is not necessarily an integral component of the larger system in that if all communication is lost, they still function on their own. Aug 31, 2015 a scada supervisory control and data acquisition is an automation control system that is used in industries such as energy, oil and gas, water, power, and many more. While both fall under the category of control systems, scada provides greater capability than the plc with the help of several components. Hmiscada software in the age of industrial iot and industry 4. Scada means supervisory control and data acquisition. With the powerful tools, web technologies, and nextgeneration visualization system in ignition 8, you can build your future, faster. The method of communicating between the device the scada software or host is commonly referred to the network protocol. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada a scada system is a type of industrial process automation system that collects data from various instruments which are located in plant area or even at remote sites.
There are two main types of systems to choose from. A driver is an interface between fernhill scada and any of the following. Programmable logic controller plc also known as industrial computer is the major component in the industrial automation sector. In this field the less you pay for the software and licenses to use that software the more time will be spent implementing, writing, troubleshooting, and getting the software to communicate to all of your devices. What are some different levels of scada machines and. Below are some considerations when choosing a scada solution. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces gui for highlevel process supervisory management, while also comprising other peripheral devices like. As it is known, the scada systems are able to measure and monitor different. Topmost 22 different plc software brands used around the world. Home technical articles 5 ingredients that make scada operation delicious scada, rtus, plcs, servers to explain in very simple words, i would say that scada is a bunch of equipment that provides an operator at a remote location with sufficient information to determine the status of particular equipmentprocess and make actions without.
Before discussing the scada systems architecture, mainly we must know the basics of the scada system. Due to its robust construction, exceptional functional features like pid controllers, sequential control, timers and counters, ease of programming, reliable controlling capabilities and ease of hardware usage this plc is more than a specialpurpose digital. Scada software scada software can be divided into two types, proprietary or open. All these tag types are available in the tag browser. There is usually some confusion because of the similarities.
Scada supervisory control and data acquisition is the most. Different fields need different functions, but they all have below features. In its most basic form, a scada system may consist of 1 scada software hmi 2 some form of communications medium and 3 a device or instrument which communicates back to the scada software host. The network protocols such as frame relay, ethernet, and ip, each have time sensitive characteristics that will generate delays, cause short gaps in the data, or not transmit some data carrier detect dcd signal transitions. Most fernhill scada drivers provide a way of mapping io data point tags to a data source. What are some different levels of scada machines and systems. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces gui for highlevel process supervisory management, while also comprising other peripheral devices like programmable logic controllers plc and discrete proportionalintegralderivative pid controllers to interface with. We will talk about the differences as well as the similarities, and also when each is used. Scada software supervisory control and data acquisition. Scada systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. Along with types of plc is the remote terminal unit rtu which is particular for remote measurement of communicating and data process to a usually of scada systems. Im interested to adopt scada system to my pesticides formulations processing unit,so kindly help me out for my panoli. The most essential module is the io module which is meant to communicate with various devices.
To date, ecava igx web scada has been successfully implemented in more than thousand installation sites in 50 countries. Streamline and integrate dispersed assets across your oil and gas wellpad, pipeline andor terminal. One afternoon at a waste water treatment facility, an alarm goes off when the water pressure gets too high in one of the tanks. Electrical scada distribution scada power management. This means you can use many different types of hardware for your clients, including pcs, thinclients, macs, tablets, etc. Today, you will learn the difference between scada and hmi. The iot gateway ss10680 allows you to directly interface the field instrumentation with the cloud. They are used in many manufacturing industries due to its robust construction and functional features like sequential control, timers, and. Know about programmable logic controllers types of plcs. Sensors remote terminal units rtus communication system present between the rtus and main station main control station or master station computer systems pertained to processing the data for displaying to operator.
Explaining hmi, scada, and plcs, what they do, and how. Scada vs telemetry difference and comparison diffen. Scada is used in many different applications, most of which are specific to the type of business thats using the system. Each tag belongs to a scope, and each scope plays a role in how tags behave. Different types of plc plc, scada, automation, plc.
As such, it is a purely software package that is positioned on top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via programmable logic controllers plcs, or other commercial. Companies develop proprietary software to communicate to their hardware. The out of the box software provides tools for rapid creation of monitoring and control systems. One of the components of scada systems is the hmi scada software. Upvote 0 views 159 followers 2 write an answer register. Scada software can be divided into two types, proprietary or open.
The types of sensors you find in scada systems will vary. Since these tools may be put in the middle of nowhere they are plan to use a little power, it is possibly solar power, and continue extreme environmental. Scada or supervisory control and data acquisition is a control system of software and hardware elements that allows manufacturing and process facilities like water treatment plants to. It can be used to configure the database and view data associated with database items. Question added by khalid imtiaz, team lead automation, industrial process solutions pvt ltd date posted. Your system may come equipped with different parts to suit your individual needs.
Open software systems have gained popularity because of the interoperability they bring to the system. Interaction is through a graphical user interface gui that facilitates information exchange and communication between two types of hmi supervisory and machine level. Learn the difference between a scada system and an hmi. Scada communication and protocols instrumentationtools. Telemetry is a technology which allows the remote measurement and also reporting of information of interest to the system designer. The system has a centralized system that monitors and controls entire sites, ranging from an industrial plant to a complex of plants across the country. Generally, programmers write hmi software for either machinelevel hmi or supervisorylevel hmi, with applications suitable for both types. Trimax has 30 years of industry leading experience of system integration in variety of fields. Types of industrial control systems and their control. Fernhill scada drivers for plcs and other data sources. Scada systems architecture based on opc and web servers and. Name four different types of scada servers not to be confused with the boxes on which they run.
Scada software consists of several basic modules or components. The scada system controls can run completely all kinds of the industrial process. Always being by the side a machine or being on a 24x7 patrol duty around the assembly line equipment checking the temperature levels, water levels, oil level and performing other checks would be considered a wastage of the expertise of the technician on trivial tasks. Supervisory control and data acquisition, otherwise known under the acronym scada, is a system comprised of software and hardware used to control and monitor a process or application. Scadalts is an open source, webbased, multiplatform solution for building your own scada supervisory control and data acquisition base on scadabr linux, windows, docker ch. In case of large implementation, rapid scada is used as a core for development of custom scada and mes solutions for a customer. As is the case with the role, place and future of scada in general, the hmi software market hmi stands for the human machine interface is strongly impacted by iot and the evolutions with regards to cyberphysical systems and industry 4. There are different types of scada systems that can be considered as scada architectures of four different generations. Scada is literally the acronym for supervisory control and data acquisition.
Topmost 22 different plc software brands used around the world may, 2020 august 10, 2018 by dipali chaudhari before i share different programmable logic controller plc software brands with you, let me ask you one question. Scada systems intermediate overview cedengineering. Open source is the key to software transparency and security. Scada protocols and present some interesting challenges.
When discussing tags, we commonly mean gateway executed tags, but system and client tags also play an important role in the overall design of a project. List of programmable logic controller plc manufacturers not to be confused with powerline communication. First do remember that there is a difference between scada and hmi. These systems are used in distribution systems such as water distribution and wastewater collection systems. If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your device. Scada is a computerbased system for gathering and analyzing realtime data to monitor and control equipment that deals with critical and timesensitive materials or events. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada is a control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces gui for highlevel process supervisory management, while also comprising other peripheral devices like programmable logic controllers plc and discrete proportionalintegralderivative pid controllers to interface with process. From measurement to host systems, we offer you a single provider solution where you can avoid the islands of automation that require painful integration and eliminate risks associated with.
Scada was born in the 1960s, as a more efficient alternative to relying on personnel to manually control equipment, via switchboards, buttons and levers. It is a production automation and control system based on pcs. White paper 3 reasons scada software is going nowhere. Database servers can be fully connected to each other and also to the. The block diagram of the scada system shown in the below figure which comprises different blocks, such as. Energy analytics and scada work together to extend data and expand information visibility, providing a powerful addition to the overall control system. For example, were running a plant double the size with a yearly energy bill slightly lower. If too much pressure is building up in a gas pipeline the. Earlier scada was mostly hardware and less on software. Scripttypes is a project designed to demonstrate how to use different script types. You can get wpl software from delta plc which is free software for plc programming and wonderware intouch for scada you may get free version. Scada interface units most scada systems associated with water distribution systems typically employ one or more types of scada interface units. Scada softwares has a restrictions at script functions.
Feb 26, 2016 the first thing you need to know is that with scada software you get what you pay for. Ignition uses a number of open technologies such as jython a version of python implemented on java. Scadawares expertise in scada systems and integrating many different types of technologies exceeded our expectations of what we could accomplish. Electrical engineering, plc and scada programming and ul panel shop are our core services. This data is further processed at a central location for monitoring and controlling purpose. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada is a control system architecture that uses computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for highlevel process supervisory management, but uses other peripheral devices such as programmable logic controllerplc and.
The best scada system is the one that can easily communicate with all your rtus and plcs, meet your needs today and tomorrow and ensure your investment is protected. Ace automation europe, a french company manufacturing atypical plcs based on velocio products. The alarm is set at priority level 4, which means critical, but it doesnt stand out because almost every other alarm at the facility is set at that level. Scada supervisory control and data acquisition is a software package that is positioned on top of a realtime control system to control a process that is external to the scada system. When it comes to the oil and gas industry, the main applications that they use scada for include the monitoring and control of pipelines, the remote monitoring and control of pumping, storage, and production locations, the. Opc, ole for process control and are thus setting the trends in matters. Scada systems were first used in the 1960s and are now an integral component in virtually all industrial plant and production facilities. It is mainly used in utilities such as electric and water companies and was developed for communications between different types of data acquisition and control equipment.
Know all about scada systems architecture and types. As the name indicates, it is not a full control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level. The following is a list of the data types that were supported by your power scada io device variable tags along with their rangesprecision. Scada systems in general do not represent main control system of the corresponding technology, but focus more on continuous monitoring and parametrization. Ics and scada are two types of control systems that are in widespread use in industry, manufacturing and critical infrastructure, like power grids. Connectivity to the scada master station itself was very limited by the system. Scada implies a highly configurable set of industrial software applications that can be used to support management of almost any form of. Bcd binarycoded decimal 2 bytes 0 to 9,999 byte byte 1 byte 0 to 255. Generally, programmers write hmi software for either machinelevel hmi or. The task of supervision of machinery and industrial processes on a routine basis can be an excruciatingly tiresome job. Rapid scada free, open source, full featured scada software.
So the scada type of software is operated on a higher level above the hardware plc device, io modules, dataloggers, sensors, counters, meters that connects and gathers data from the technological processes. An introduction to scada systems technical articles. That coverage culminates in this issue and with this listing of scada suppliers to the industry. Dnp3 distributed network protocol represents a set of communication protocols that are deployed between components in process automation systems. In order to achieve communication with all different types of servers, the. Oct 06, 2016 following are few open source scada softwares. The name scada stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. Users can easily configure the type of io point, communication protocol driver, polling rate, alarm thresholds and. Salter, cern, geneva, switzerland abstract scada systems are widely used in industry for supervisory control and data acquisition of industrial processes. To understand the functionality of scada systems it is necessary to first establish the hierarchical distribution of an automation system, at least of those elements that. Scada systems are used to control dispersed assets where centralized data acquisition is as important as control i. Scada stands for supervisory control and data acquisition.
Designing scada application software sciencedirect. Scada systems work well in many different types of enterprises because they can range from simple configurations to large, complex. This chapter offers a guide on how to design and develop the software for a typical supervisory control and data acquisition scada project. Inductive automations new onboard partnership helps you meet your iiot goals. Scada software is the most important aspect which runs on the hardware. Ecava igx is the leading web scada that supported more than 80% ethernet drivers. There are two types of clearscada client viewx client viewx is a dedicated clearscada windows application that typically runs on a separate computer workstation the client pc.
Scadaware leading systems integrator in central illinois. The scada system is the brain of your automation system, so choosing the right one for your specific requirements is an important decision. Scada is an acronym for supervisory control and data acquisition, a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. The main visualization window contains five panes, each demonstrating features of one script type. An ics can be plcbased, where multiple plcs are networked together in order to share information. Plcs are solidstate icses with programmable memory for storage of instructions that monitor inputs and make decisions based on their internal program or logic for automation. The basics of hardware and software for scada systems you. From identifying the physical inputs and outputs of each controller, to the creation of the software documentation, to the final testing and checkout of the scada system, this chapter presents methodologies which have been used many times on many. It had its first version 1 deployed as early as 2003.
Usually, the scada system comprises different components, namely operating equipment, local processors, plcs, remote terminal unit, instruments, intelligent master terminal unit, electronic device, host computers and a pc with hmi human machine interface. Updated june 2019 human machine interface hmi software is programming that gives operators a way to manage machine command panels. If monitory control and supervisory control are considered like being in level 2, data acquisition the d. Touch screens play a very important role in a wide range of industrial manufacturing, packaging, process control, inspection and quality monitoring applications. A of scada and recipe control, often considered as scada functions, are bound with level 3 in isa95. As industrial processes and sites began to increase in size and complexity, a more efficient and automated system to control and monitor was required. Freeware free scada provides for endusers flexible tools for visualization and interactive control of any industrial process. In scada systems, dnp3 is used by scada master stations. Rapid scada is an open source industrial automation platform. The first pane introduces the periodic script the angle value is periodically incremented. Supervisory control and data acquisition scada refers to industrial control systems ics that are employed to control and keep track of equipment or a plant in industries like water and waste control, telecommunications, energy, transport, and oil and gas refining. As we mentioned earlier, scada and hmis are almost the same, yet still different. Scada is a computer system used to gather and analyze realtime data.
Optimally, you would want to use the capabilities of both types of control systems in order to meet design expectations while becoming more cost. Presently, scada is 85% software and 15 % hardware. What are different types of data type that power scada. By linking one or more io modules to a pc running winlog pro scada software, you can build a modular, reliable and convenient data acquisition system. Both scada and hmis play a huge part in an industrial system that encapsulates them, alongside plcs. An integrated system is generally comprised of several different manufacturers components, assembled in a complex array by a system integrator.1063 658 34 1031 748 518 1575 1325 1323 1240 876 790 472 637 1193 113 1178 340 458 1081 762 878 497 1209 349 463 249 58 423 1459 465 1213 591 804 496 413 363 1057 1297 166 1048


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domain: artistic


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Some people have said...
"The three-dimensional world has a willful way of creeping into and subverting the two-dimensional comic strip at the center of “The Tomb of King Tot,” the sweet and spiky new tragicomedy by Olivia Dufault."
Ben Brantley, New York Times
"Under the directorial hand of Portia Krieger, some miraculous happenings are underway."
Benjamin Coleman, Theater is Easy
“Superb direction by Portia Krieger and sincere performances make these characters come alive in a way that is both charming and electric...The expertly crafted staging by Krieger was fantastic.”
Jackie Mulay, CityBeat
"Exquisitely rendered by Portia Krieger's production, the weather-minded Miracle functions atmospherically, establishing a sense of ongoing, endless menace."
Helen Shaw, Time Out New York
“Director Portia Krieger has created a play that carries itself with precision and tenderness.”
Adrienne Sower, Reviews Hub
"Barron and her excellent director Portia Krieger have created a production in which for the entire duration of the evening the cast and the audience hang suspended within an impossibly heightened state of intensity."
Sherri Kronfeld, New York Theatre Review
"Portia Krieger directs this rapid-fire dark comedy with fervent energy."
Teddy Nicholas, New York Theatre Review
"Everything about Portia Krieger’s production is polished to a bright sheen."
Jenna Scherer, Time Out New York
"The show is an extravagant, salacious, and titillating ride."
Oscar Lopez, Stage Buddy
“Wrought by director Portia Krieger with a realism that aches...”
Tobias Wray, Fayetteville Flyer
"Directed smoothly by Portia Krieger..."
Charles Isherwood, New York Times
"Under Portia Krieger’s direction, the fine actors are entertaining to watch"
Alexis Soloski, New York Times

domain: entertainment


PT Krakatau Steel Tbk (KRAS), Indonesia's largest steel maker, has sealed US$500 million-US$600 million loan facility from China Investment Corporation.
Krakatau President Director Fazwar Bujang said the company will follow up the loan agreement this month.
"Yes, loan from CIC and investor China also wins the EPC tender," he said.
The facility will be used by the company as additional financing to construct blast furnace facilities.
Disclosure: No position at the stock mentioned above.
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AS Roma midfielder, Luca Pallegrini, is on the verge of joining Juventus, after undergoing medical at the club ahead of his €10 million transfer deal.
The 20-year-old left-back is expected to sign a five-year deal in the switch that will see Leonardo Spinazzola move in the opposite direction.
Pellegrini, Italy Under-21 international, spent the second half of last season on loan at Cagliari, where he made 12 appearances in Serie A.
His transfer to Turin will give Maurizio Sarri options at the full-back, after the former Chelsea boss decided not to retain Spinazzola, who struggled for first-team shirt under Massimiliano Allegri last season.
Spinazzola, 26, completed a medical with the Giallorossi on Saturday, and could serve as a successor to right back, Alessandro Florenzi, who has been linked with a move to Inter Milan.
Read Also: Super Eagles Suffer Surprise Loss To Madagascar
Pellegrini would soon be followed to the Allianz Stadium by Paris Saint-Germain midfielder, Adrien Rabiot, on a free transfer.
According to Goal.com, Juventus have reached an agreement with Rabiot, after the player refused to sign a new deal with PSG.
Rabiot will also sign a five-year contract with the Serie A champions, which will see him earn €7 million per season.
In addition, Rabiot’s mother, Veronique, who serves as his agent, will pocket a commission of €10 million.
Fabio Paratici, Juventus sporting director, traveled to Paris on Friday, in order to conclude negotiations and ensured a framework for the deal was reached.


Visit by Crown Prince of Jordan Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II - Jan 2024
Crown Prince of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan His Royal Highness Al Hussein Bin Abdullah II met Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong at the Istana on 12 January 2024.
Crown Prince Al Hussein received a ceremonial welcome, and had call with PM Lee. PM Lee also hosted an Official Lunch in his honour.
PM Lee and Crown Prince Al Hussein discussed ways to strengthen bilateral cooperation in fields such as public administration and Technical and Vocational Education and Training. PM Lee also encouraged greater people-to-people exchanges between Singapore and Jordan, and conveyed his appreciation for Jordan’s support for the Singaporean student community in Amman and Irbid. They also exchanged views on developments in the Middle East, including the dire humanitarian situation in Gaza.
PM Lee and Crown Prince Al Hussein also witnessed the exchange of six MOUs.
(MCI Photos by Ngau Kai Yan and Liu Ying)


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General medical examination for hereditary predisposition to cancer
The British are preparing a mass screening for the "Jolie gene"
The program includes 97 so–called oncogenes, including the notorious BRCA1, due to the presence of a mutant form of which Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie had a double preventive mastectomy. British journalists have nicknamed BRCA1 the "Jolie gene".
The Wellcome Trust Biomedical Research Charity volunteered to sponsor the pilot genetic screening program, and doctors from the Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital will check for oncogenes in patients. In their work, doctors will start using a test developed by the biotech company Illumina. It is planned that with the successful completion of pilot tests, this test will be used in other medical institutions.
"It is very important to know if a patient has genetic mutations that contribute to the development of cancer – this will allow us to move to more personalized treatment. For example, there are patients who have an increased risk of developing another type of cancer – they can choose a complex operation, or maybe they need another type of treatment," the publication quotes the lead author of the study, Professor Nazneen Rahman.
About two percent of all oncological diseases are associated with the presence of oncogenes, but the statistics differ dramatically depending on the type of tumor. So, in ovarian cancer, this figure reaches 15 percent.
"Cancer patients are often interested in such information. "Is it hereditary?" they often ask. Therefore, it makes no sense to pretend that patients do not want to know about the presence of oncogenes," says Professor Martin Gore, chief physician of the Royal Marsden Hospital. However, according to him, it remains unclear how the patients' families will take this information.
The decision to remove the breast due to the presence of mutant oncogenes was made a few months ago by Hollywood star, actress Angelina Jolie. As a result of the study, it turned out that her risk of developing breast cancer is 87 percent. After the operation, this figure dropped to 5 percent.
A similar decision was made by a British businessman who underwent prostate removal. The man, who has not been named, was found to have a mutant BRCA2 gene associated with aggressive forms of prostate cancer. The entrepreneur's relatives had previously died from these forms of cancer.
Portal "Eternal youth" http://vechnayamolodost.ru21.05.2013

domain: biology


Nations are expected to build nearly 15,000 miles of new roads through tiger habitat by mid-century, driven by major infrastructure projects such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative, according to a new analysis published in the journal Science Advances. The study also found that the 83,300 miles of roads that already cross through tiger habitat are decreasing the population and its prey by as much as 20 percent.
The research, led by ecologists at the University of Michigan, examined global road datasets and forecasts for new infrastructure to calculate road density, distance to the nearest road, and species abundance across the tiger’s 450,000-square-mile range in Asia. Just 4,000 tigers exist in the wild today, most of them living in South Asia, where development and population pressures are mounting rapidly.
The scientists found that 43 percent of breeding activity occurs within 3 miles of a road. And 57 percent of land in protected tiger habitats sits within 3 miles of a road. The researchers also found that areas without any formal wildlife protections had road densities 34 percent higher than protected areas, making clear that legal conservation efforts are critical to saving tigers, their prey, and their habitats.
“Tigers face a ubiquitous and mounting threat from road networks across much of their 13-country range,” said Neil Carter, an ecologist at the University of Michigan and lead author of the new study. “Tiger habitats have declined by 40 percent since 2006, underscoring the importance of maintaining roadless areas and resisting road expansion in places where tigers still exist, before it is too late.”


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The protein amyloid beta (A-beta) is best known for its tendency to form sticky, insoluble amyloid fibrils in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Scientists have long studied the possible ways in which it could drive the disease but have paid much less attention to what its natural, evolved function might be. In fact, many believed that A-beta was a mere waste product, left over from the processing of a larger protein.
Now a team of researchers from a prominent Alzheimer’s laboratory has published preliminary evidence that A-beta does have a natural function: as an antimicrobial molecule to help the brain ward off infections. If proved true, this would affect how researchers develop drugs to stop Alzheimer’s.
“If A-beta is essential, then I think we’d have to think about targeting it in Alzheimer’s the same way we target cholesterol in heart disease—not whacking it with a sledgehammer but dialing it down to safer levels,” says Rudolph Tanzi, one of the study’s senior authors and a member of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives. He is a co-director of the Massachussetts General Hospital’s Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), which is affiliated with Harvard Medical School.
For three decades, Tanzi’s research has focused on the genes and their mutations that make people more susceptible to Alzheimer’s. Recently he and a younger investigator at MIND, Robert Moir, began to suspect that A-beta had a relationship to the so-called innate immune system, an evolutionarily ancient system that includes small proteins (“peptides”) that have broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects.
In genetic studies, Tanzi saw hints that irregularities in the functions of innate immunity genes were somehow linked to Alzheimer’s risk. Separately, Moir noticed that A-beta has striking similarities, in its structure and in other properties, to an innate immunity protein, LL-37, a known anti-microbial peptide.
In scientific meetings last year, and more recently in the March issue of the open-access journal PLoS One, Tanzi and Moir and their colleagues presented evidence suggesting that A-beta is indeed an antimicrobial cousin of LL-37. In lab tests against a dozen common microbes, the two short proteins show a similar killing effect, with A-beta more potent than LL-37 against some microbes.
The researchers saw the same effect in tests using brain tissues removed at autopsy: The A-beta-filled samples from people with Alzheimer’s, compared to samples from age-matched people who didn’t have the disease, could kill microbes more readily, and in proportion to the samples’ A-beta content. The researchers were able to block this effect by blocking A-beta with antibodies, thus showing that A-beta played a causal role.
“I don’t doubt that those data are correct,” says Charles Glabe, a neurobiologist and A-beta expert at the University of California, Irvine. “We’ve done some of those experiments and can reproduce them.”
Tanzi points to other evidence from prior Alzheimer’s research that seems broadly consistent with the new theory. Traumatic brain injuries, including head injuries and strokes, are associated with increased A-beta production and predict increased Alzheimer’s risk. Such injuries would be expected to activate inflammatory and immune system components in the brain. And the brains of people with Alzheimer’s generally do exhibit signs of increased inflammation in disease-affected areas.
Cardiovascular problems also are associated with increased Alzheimer’s risk; in fact a particular variant of a cholesterol-transport protein, apolipoprotein-E, is linked both to higher Alzheimer’s risk and to higher cardiovascular disease risk. Tanzi suspects that vascular incidents leading to the cutoff of oxygen to brain cells could cause damage and thus trigger increased A-beta production.
“The idea is that any type of injury to the brain will trigger the production of A-beta as part of the innate immune system,” he says.
Moreover, as Tanzi and his colleagues search the genomes of families that have a predisposition for Alzheimer’s, he says, they are finding links to genes relating to stroke and cardiovascular disease risk, as well as genes that regulate the innate immune system.
“It’s starting to paint a picture in which A-beta is still central to the disease, but the upstream events may include increasing insults to the brain as we age, and overreaction to that insult by the innate immune system,” he says.
To accept that A-beta truly is a natural anti-microbial peptide (AMP), Glabe would like to see harder evidence, for example in animal models, that A-beta’s production by brain cells increases in response to infection, the way LL-37 and other AMPs do. “Is it regulated in the same fashion and in the same cells? Does it act like it’s a member of this [AMP] family? That’s an obvious thing to test,” he says.
No such test has yet been published. But Tanzi and his colleagues are currently searching for evidence of infectious agents that may be hidden triggers of Alzheimer’s, including the bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae, a common cause of pneumonia in the elderly. He suggests that if there were a common microbial pathogen that triggers amyloid as we age, then we might be able to find a vaccine to prevent it. Other labs in the past have proposed such a hypothesis, but were met with general skepticism. To Tanzi, the links his group has turned up between A-beta and innate immunity mean that the possibility of an infectious trigger needs to be considered thoroughly, “even if it sounds crazy now.”
Is A-beta’s toxicity good, too?
Another unresolved question is whether A-beta kills microbes in the same way that it seems to kill healthy neurons. Glabe suspects that in both cases A-beta “oligomers,” relatively small clumps of A-beta that are still soluble, weaken key membranes in bacteria and neurons, causing them to leak and die. “It could be a matter of balance, so that at some concentration [A-beta’s toxicity] is good, but if you get too much of it, it’s bad,” says Glabe.
Tanzi suspects that this membrane-weakening effect might work against microbes, but may be only a secondary cause of damage to neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. He thinks it more likely that A-beta’s most direct effect on cognition is to shut down synapses on neurons, as other researchers have suggested is the case. He also sees this as an extension of a natural function. “It makes sense that when you have an injured part of the brain, it isn’t going to work so well, and you would want to quell activity there,” Tanzi says.
If Tanzi’s suspicions are correct, then removing A-beta entirely could interrupt normal brain function and leave it exposed to infectious agents. “Innate immunity is your first line of defense,” he says. “If you don’t have LL-37, for example, you’ll die very young of infection.”
For the moment, arguments like these haven’t made Tanzi and Moir popular with some Alzheimer’s researchers who have invested their efforts in A-beta-eradicating therapies. “But Rob Moir just got a big NIH grant to work on this,” Tanzi says happily. “So it looks like the system is working.”

domain: medical


text:
Dragon Quest XI Gets New PS4 and 3DS Screenshots Showing Characters and Skills
Square Enix released another batch of screenshots of both the PS4 and 3DS versions of Dragon Quest XI.
Today Square Enix released a new batch of screenshots of Dragon Quest XI on the game’s official website.
The images focus mostly on the hero and his faithful thief companion, Camus, but also show the rest of the cast. On top of that, we also get to see some of the skills that the characters can learn via the skill table.
Of course, the screenshots come as usual from both the PS4 and 3DS versions of the game.
If you want to see more about the game, you can watch some gameplay showing Sylvia’s parade, Riding Monsters and the StreetPass Dungeon, some more focusing on 3DS exclusive features, screenshots with the same focus, more screenshots displaying PS4 exclusive features, another batch showing Martina and Row, and a funny trailer dedicated to the PS4 version.
Dragon Quest XI will be released in Japan on July 29th for PS4 and 3DS, with a Nintendo Switch release also planned some time down the line.

domain: game


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The Dog Snacks Market – 2023 report is a valuable data source and offers a magnifying glass of current market status. Several key factors are discussed in the EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) Dog Snacks Market research report, which will help the buyer to study the trends and opportunities of the Dog Snacks industry.
Dog snacks market competition against top manufacturers / players, with dog snacks Market turnover, price (USD / unit), sales (million USD) and market share for each manufacturer / player; the top players included: Mars PetcareNestle PurinaColgateBig HeartsBlue BuffaloDiamond Feeding for PetsTotal AlimentosDeuererSpectrum Brands / United Pet GroupHeristoAffinity Petcare (Agrolimen) UnicharmNutriara Alimentos Ltda..
For more and descriptive information, ask for example copy of report @ http://www.360marketupdates.com/enquiry/request-sample/11765434
geographically, Market segment Dog Snacks split EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) into several key states, with sales (units), sales (million USD), market share and growth rate of the dog snack sector for these countries, from 2012 to 2023: Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy and Turkey), Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Israel, United Arab Emirates and Iran), Africa (South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt and Algeria)
On the basis of product type, Dog Snacks market report shows the production, yield, price, market share and growth rate of each type, covers: MeatPorkLeverCheeseVegatable & Friut
Based on end users / applications, Dog Snacks market report focuses on the status and prospects for important applications / end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, which can be divided into: SeniorAdultPuppy
Do you have a special requirement for the Dog Snacks market report above? Ask for our Industry Expert @ https://www.360marketupdates.com/enquiry/pre-order-enquiry/11765434
Goal of the studies:
- Offering strategic profiling of key players in the market, fully analyzing their core competencies and drawing a competitive landscape for the dog snack market.
- To provide insight into factors that influence market growth. To analyze the Dog Snacks Market based on various factors: price analysis, supply chain analysis, porter five force analysis, etc.
- Provide a detailed analysis of the market structure, together with the prognosis of the different segments and sub-segments of the market for dog snacks in the EMEA market (Europe, the Middle East and Africa).
- Provide analysis of the Dog Snacks market at country level with regard to the current market size and future future.
- Analysis at country level of the segment market per application, product type and sub-segments.
- Historical and predicted revenues from the market segments and sub-segments with respect to four major geographic areas and their countries: EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) and Rest of the world.
- Tracking and analyzing competitive developments such as joint ventures, strategic alliances, developments of new products and research and developments in the market for dog snacks in the EMEA market (Europe, the Middle East and Africa).
Buy Dog Snacks Market Report @ https://www.360marketupdates.com/purchase/11765434
Dog Snacks Market Research Report contains additional information such as main sellers in dog snacks Market space, Dog snacks Market opportunities and threats to the sellers on the market for dog snacks in the EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa), oopportunities, market risk and market overview from the Dog Snacks Market. The process is thoroughly analyzed with respect for three points, namely suppliers of raw materials and equipment, various production-related costs (material costs, labor costs, etc.) and the actual process.

domain: geography


text:
On Friday, US time, according to NFL Network reporters, the Texans will trade quarterback Deshaun Watson and a 2024 fifth-round pick to the Browns for 2022, 2023, and 2024 first-round picks. , a third-round pick in 2023, and a fourth-round pick in 2024.
Brown is expected to sign a five-year, $230 million contract with Watson, with all $230 million guaranteed. Watson previously informed the Texans that he was willing to waive the no-trade clause in his contract in order to be traded to Brown. Texans general manager Nick Caserio said in a statement that he believed trading Watson was “the right decision for the club.”
The arrival of Watson will also allow quarterback Baker Mayfield to seek a new home. Mayfield asked Brown to trade himself the day before, but Brown at the time thought he had withdrawn from the Watson competition, so he said he would not agree to his request.
The other three major contenders: the Panthers, Saints and Falcons all need to continue their search for a cornerstone quarterback. The Saints are considering re-signing Jameis Winston.

domain: news


Mozilla and Foxconn set to announce Mozilla OS-powered device in June
Mozilla has officially announced it has partnered with Taiwan’s Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., better known as Foxconn to make a Mozilla OS-powered device which will be announced on June 3, 2013.
An anonymous insider at Foxconn has hinted that the new device will be a tablet after while a mobile phone will follow subsequently.
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"But when a decision is made by the team to do something, everybody sticks together".
"Jim Prentice brought his deep convictions to everything he turned his hand to, whether it was law, business, or politics", Trudeau said. "He did a lot of charity and volunteer things as a lawyer", he said.
"It's a complex scene right now and it will take some time for the investigation of the crash site to be completed", Moskaluk said.
Prentice served as the provinces 16th premier from September 2014 to his partys defeat in the last provincial election in May 2015.
- "I enjoyed working with Jim Prentice when he was a key federal cabinet minister and then as premier of our closest friend and neighbour, Alberta".
The Conservative Party of Canada confirmed Friday that he died. He won by more than 17,000 votes.
Mr Prentice, a moderate conservative who voted for same-sex marriage before many of his Conservative colleagues, was widely respected.
Prentice, who served as federal environment minister from October 30, 2008, to November 4, 2010, was also hailed for rejecting Taseko Mine's proposed Prosperity gold and copper mine which threatened Fish Lake, which was sacred to the Tsilhqot'in nation in British Columbia. CIBC Chief Executive Officer Victor Dodig said he was "a great friend, colleague and Canadian". His tenure at the ministry was marked by confrontations with opposition parties and activists over the implementation of the Kelowna Accord, which promised $5-billion over five years to tackle First Nations poverty. Many Albertans blamed the incumbent Conservative government, which at that point had been in power for 44 years, for not building up a bigger financial cushion during the boom years.
Conservative leadership nominee Andrew Scheer was in shock from the news.
Ford cutting production as US demand slows
The company's total revenue has also leveled off in recent years, hovering between $140 and $150 billion from 2013 to 2015. Overall US motor vehicle and parts production advanced 0.1pc in September, and the output of machinery and metals declined.
Leicester City's Wes Morgan delighted by dream Champions League start
Copenhagen are boosted by the return of midfielder Ján Greguš, who missed their last Champions League outing through suspension. On the pitch, though, it was Leicester who carried the greater threat, despite the visitors dominating possession.
The Raiders Release Statement About Las Vegas Stadium
Sandoval signed the bill into law that clears the way for a Las Vegas stadium that could be home to both UNLV football an. Cheerleaders shook pompoms and a marching band launched into "Viva Las Vegas" after Sandoval inked the deal.
Prentice entered the race as the overwhelming favourite, with the support of nearly the entire Tory caucus, as he promised to renew the ethical tone of government. "I want his family to know I really appreciated his work". My thoughts and prayers go out to the Prentice family..
"But there are words to remember Premier Prentice's contributions to Alberta".
"Jim was never one to pass the buck".
"All of us in the Conservative family are devastated today", she said in a statement.
Just before Christmas of 2014, nearly the entire Wildrose Oppostion caucus crossed the floor to join the PC government.
Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose, in an emotional address today, praised Prentice for his devotion to the party and public service and said he had much to be proud of in his political career, although that was just one aspect of his life. Instead, voters backed Rachel Notley, who promised to put an end to the cronyism that had pervaded Alberta politics for decades. We talked about his passion for people, about what he needed to do in the province.
"I will carry those decisions and the electoral consequences of it for the rest of my life". Earlier this year US private equity firm Warburg Pincus appointed Prentice as an advisor in its energy group.
"Unlike a vehicle accident, there's many contributing factors, there's not just one or two in an aircraft accident", Harvey said.


text:
Effects of Reclosing Devices and Distributed Generation (DG) to Improve Reliability Indices in Radial Distribution Lines
Due to creation of competitive environment in the electricity industry in recent years, consumers want to receive high quality electricity with minimized outages. On the other hand, electricity retailers are trying to maximize their own benefits. In this competitive environment, it’s very important to use methods that improve indices involving with electricity reliability and quality. In this paper we have tried to best determine optimal location of reclosing devices (recloser and sectionlizer) and distributed generation (DG) to improve reliability indices in a practical radial power distribution system of Taleqan of Alborz province in Iran.
 A. C. Neto, M. G. da Silva “Impact of Distributed Generation on Reliability Evaluation of Radial Distribution Systems Under Network Constraints” 9th International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden – June 11-15, 2006
 T. E. McDermott, R. C. Dugan “Distributed generation impact on reliability and power quality indices” Rural Electric Power Conference, 2002. 2002 IEEE, pp: D3 - D3_7
 S. Chaitusaney, A. Yokoyama “Prevention of Reliability Degradation from Recloser–Fuse Miscoordination Due To Distributed Generation” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Oct. 2008, pp: 2545 – 2554
 Lingfeng Wang, Chanan Singh “Reliability-Constrained Optimum Recloser Placement in Distributed Generation Using Ant Colony System Algorithm” Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2006. PSCE '06. 2006 IEEE PES, pp: 1860 – 1865
 In-Su Bae; Jin-O Kim; Jae-Chul Kim; Singh, C. “Optimal operating strategy for distributed generation considering hourly reliability worth” : IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Feb. 2004, pp: 287 - 292
 Nu.Lec industries, “recloser application notes”(www.nulec.com\pdfs\recloserapplicationnotes).
 Roger C.Dugan,Mark F.McGranagham and H.Wayne Beaty ,” electrical power systems quality” , MCGraw-Hill.Inc. , 1996, p.p 59-80
 Roy Billinton and Ronald N.Allan , “reliability evaluations of power systems” ,plenum publishing press , Inc ., 1996
 Yang Wang , Wenyuan Li, Jiping Lu , and Honghong Liu “Evaluating multiple reliability indices of regional networks in wide area measurement system” Electric power system research , vol 79, issue 10 , oct 2009 , p.p 1353-1359.
 Yue Yuan; Kejun Qian; Chengke Zhou “The effect of Distributed Generation on distribution system reliability” Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007. UPEC 2007. 42nd International, pp: 911 - 916
 Chowdhury, A.A.; Agarwal, S.K.; Koval, D.O. “Reliability modeling of distributed generation in conventional distribution systems planning and analysis” Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS Annual Meeting, pp: 1089 – 1094
 Chaiyabut, N.; Damrongkulkamjorn, P.; “Impact of customer scattering on distribution system reliability with distributed generation” TENCON 2010 - 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference, pp: 568 - 573
 Waseem, I.; Pipattanasomporn, M.; Rahman, S.; “Reliability benefits of distributed generation as a backup source” Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2009. PES '09. IEEE, pp: 1 – 8
 Guoquan Wang; Zongqi Liu; Nian Liu; Jianhua Zhang; “Reliability evaluation of distribution system with distributed generation based on Islanding algorithm” Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2008. DRPT 2008. Third International Conference on, pp: 2697 – 2701
 Jun-Kyung Lee; In-Su Bae; Hyun-Soo Jung; Jin-O Kim; Evaluating reliability of distributed generation with analytical techniques” Power Tech, 2005 IEEE Russia, pp: 1 - 6
 R. E. Brown, Electric Power Distribution Reliability, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2002
 R. Billinton, W. Li, Reliability Assessment of Electric Power systems Using Monte Carlo Methods, Plenum Press, New York, 1994.

domain: literature


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Age is a critical risk factor for the development of ED and endothelial dysfunction.4,5 ED is the most common condition occurring in middle-aged and older men.5 Kinsey et al. reported that 25 % of 65-year-old men and 75 % of ≥80-year-old men have ED.39 Moreover, ageing also decreases endothelial function, which is responsible for IHD.5 The incidence and severity of ED increases with age (a man aged 70 years is three-times more likely to have ED than a man aged 40 years).40
Having chronically high blood pressure can affect overall satisfaction with sex and affect men’s ability to achieve a firm erection. Due to constant vessel damage as a result of high blood pressure, linings of the arteries begin to harden and narrow, a process called atherosclerosis. Because blood flow is limited to the affected regions of the body, arterial blood circulation to various organs—including the heart muscles, brain, and even the groin—can be compromised, with myocardial infarctions, strokes, and erectile difficulty being common in hypertensive patients. Studies show that approximately 30 percent of hypertensive patients reported having erectile dysfunction, and approximately 49 percent of men aged 40 to 79 had both high blood pressure and ED.
When the diagnosis of vasculogenic sexual dysfunction has been carefully reached, physicians will have to come up with an effective treatment. Appropriate lifestyle measures and adoption of a healthier attitude could represent an initial, efficient and cost-effective treatment option. This is due to the fact that traditional CV risk factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity-obesity, smoking and dyslipidemia have been consistently linked with endothelial and consequently sexual dysfunction.In this context, it has been demonstrated that moderate physical activity can reduce up to 30% the risk of erectile dysfunction contrary to sedentary life, which exerts a deleterious effect. Interestingly, the beneficial effect of physical exercise on sexual dysfunction seems to be independent of its favorable impact on the general cardiovascular profile. In terms of caloric reduction, Mediterranean diet exerts a positive effect on sexual function parameters of patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, combined physical exercise and caloric restriction can result in weight reduction which in succession can reduce up to 30% the risk of obesity-associated erectile dysfunctio.
Erectile dysfunction can occur as a side effect of medication taken for another health condition. Common culprits are high blood pressure meds, antidepressants, some diuretics, beta-blockers, heart medication, cholesterol meds, antipsychotic drugs, hormone drugs, corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and medication for male pattern baldness, among others.
Crossref | PubMed | Google ScholarSee all References In study patients taking these medications compared with controls, significant decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found, as well as significant increases in length of maximal tumescence per nocturnal penile tumescence testing at 2 weeks. Hypoglycemia secondary to the use of insulin or hypoglycemic agents may result in ED or orgasmic dysfunction.4x4Feldman, HA, Goldstein, I, Hatzichristou, DG, Krane, RJ, and McKinlay, JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994; 151: 54–61
Beta-blockers: A popular blood pressure medication that affects part of the nervous system in an attempt to slow and regulate heartbeats, helping reduce blood pressure. Unfortunately, this same part of the nervous system is also responsible for causing erections, and when beta blockers are used, it indirectly reduces the amount of blood flow to the penis.
Ginseng is the most common ingredient among top-selling supplements for men’s sexual health (36). The English word ginseng derives from the Chinese term renshen. Ren means “person” and shen means “plant root”. This plant has been named in this manner as its roots resemble the lower limbs of a human, Traditionally, ginseng has been used to restore and enhance the normal well-being of the body. The effects are due to ginseng’s reactions with the central nervous system, metabolism, immune function and cardiovascular system. The principal active compounds are triterpene saponins known as ginsenosides. Animal studies have suggested that specific ginsenosides may be responsible for ginseng-mediated effects on copulatory behavior (37). Ginsenoside induces smooth muscle relaxation by hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle membrane via activation of large-conductance KCa channels (38).
For centuries, men have tried all sorts of natural remedies for erectile dysfunction (ED) -- the repeated inability to get or maintain an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. But do they really work? It is simply not scientifically known at this point. Furthermore, you take these remedies at your own risk, because their safety profiles have not been established. What follows are commentaries by experts and reviews in the field of alternative treatments that are available over the counter for erectile dysfunction and impotence.
The safety of PDE5 inhibitors in patients with IHD has been shown in multiple trials. Arruda-Olson et al. investigated the safety of sildenafil during exercise stress tests in patients with IHD to ascertain whether the drug induces or exacerbates myocardial ischaemia. This was a prospective, randomised crossover study that demonstrated safety of sildenafil when given 1 hour before an exercise stress test.69 Another study that investigated 120 trials of sildenafil revealed that the rates of MI and cardiovascular death with sildenafil are as low as with placebo.70
Currently, the preferred treatment for erectile dysfunction includes sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra) and tadalafil (Cialis). However, numerous experts have raised concerns about the use of these drugs in patients with chronic heart failure who also take nitrates (or other medications that relax and widen blood vessels). This drug combination has been shown to be dangerous, because it can increase the risk for a life-threatening drop in blood pressure.
Actually the first simple step to managing your blood pressure is to start tracking it! Get an inexpensive blood pressure cuff at CVS or on Amazon. Download the free Hello Heart app (iOS, Android) from the iTunes Store and Google Play. Start recording your daily blood pressure. Just the simple act of daily recording can have a very beneficial effect.
After the initiation of TTh patients should be evaluated at 3 and 6 months, and annually thereafter to assess response to treatment and monitor adverse effects. Assessment should include physical examination with particular attention to the prostate. At these intervals testosterone levels should also be monitored, as well as PSA, haematocrit, and HDL.45
Crossref | Google ScholarSee all References A 1985 study found that ED accounted for 400,000 outpatient visits and 30,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States, with a direct total cost of $146 million.4x4Feldman, HA, Goldstein, I, Hatzichristou, DG, Krane, RJ, and McKinlay, JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994; 151: 54–61
The cardiovascular effects of sildenafil during exercise in patients with known or probable cardiovascular disease were studied in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of 105 men with a mean age of 66 years.63x63Arruda-Olson, AM, Mahoney, DW, Nehra, A, Leckel, M, and Pellikka, PA. Cardiovascular effects of sildenafil during exercise in men with known or probable coronary artery disease: a randomized crossover trial. JAMA. 2002; 287: 719–725
PubMed | Google ScholarSee all References This prolonged excretion half-life produces enhanced erections up to 36 hours after oral dosing, thereby potentially allowing for more spontaneous engagement of intercourse. The efficacy of tadalafil in the treatment of ED has been proved in randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.78x78Porst, H, Padma-Nathan, H, Giuliano, F, Anglin, G, Varanese, L, and Rosen, R. Efficacy of tadalafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction at 24 and 36 hours after dosing: a randomized controlled trial. Urology. 2003; 62: 121–125
The term “heart disease” is often used interchangeably with the term “cardiovascular disease.” Cardiovascular disease generally refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke. Other heart conditions, such as those that affect your heart’s muscle, valves or rhythm, also are considered forms of heart disease.
The obvious risks are the same that accompany any surgery: infection, pain, bleeding, and scarring. If for some reason the prosthesis or parts become damaged or dislocated, surgical removal may be necessary. With a general success rate of about 90 percent, any of the devices will restore erections, but they will not affect sexual desire, ejaculation, or orgasm.
First of all, libido (sexual desire) triggers a sympathetic (adrenaline-dependent) nervous system reaction mediated through the thoracic spinal cord. Also important is tactile stimulation, the pleasurable effect of touch, which is mediated through the acetylcholine-dependent parasympathetic nervous system. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic forces regulate the release of nitric oxide—the universal artery-relaxing agent—from the cells lining the penile arteries and all its smaller branches. Nitric oxide causes the arteries to enlarge, increasing blood flow into the penile tissues. This is followed by compression of blood-draining penile veins, which causes blood to engorge the penis and create an erection.4
"The answer to the question, 'Can patients with heart disease safely have sex?' is almost always 'Yes,' unless they have such bad heart failure or severe artery disease that even a moderate amount of exertion will cause terrible chest pain," says Richard Stein, MD, who is director of preventive cardiology at New York City's Beth Israel Hospital. "And if that is the case, sex is probably the last thing on their minds anyway."
Hi there and welcome to my site where I talk about natural solutions to a not often talked about and often embarrassing taboo topic. I talk about the main causes of the sexual dysfunction known as ED and suggest potential solutions for the causes and some lifestyle changes that you may need to make and the herbs or supplements you may need to take!.
Testosterone therapy (TTh) should be reserved for patients who (i) are symptomatic (ED or reduced libido) of testosterone deficiency45 and (ii) they have biochemical evidence of low testosterone (TT <8 nmol/L or 2.3 ng/mL). In men with borderline TT (8–12 nmol/L or 2.3–3.5 ng/mL), a TTh trial (for 3–6 months and continuation if effective) may be envisaged. While adding a PDE5 inhibitor can be considered in men who have not improved with TTh, the usual clinical scenario is to add TTh in patients who have not responded to PDE5 inhibitors. Improvement is dependent on the testosterone levels with better results being obtained at lower levels of TT.45 Despite evidence of benefit in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions (angina or heart failure), it should be emphasized that TTh is not a medication with cardiovascular indications.
Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (24) | Google ScholarSee all References Almost every class of antihyper-tensive medication has been implicated in causing ED; however, most of these studies, published as case reports or patient surveys, have been relatively subjective and uncontrolled.4x4Feldman, HA, Goldstein, I, Hatzichristou, DG, Krane, RJ, and McKinlay, JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994; 151: 54–61
The information provided on this site is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for advice from your physician or other health care professional or any information contained on or in any product label or packaging. You should not use the information on this site for diagnosis or treatment of any health problem or for prescription of any medication or other treatment. You should consult with a healthcare professional before starting any diet, exercise or supplementation program, before taking any medication, or if you have or suspect you might have a health problem. You should not stop taking any medication without first consulting your physician.
Conversely, and of significant clinical importance, is how often patients with ED as their first and sole clinical manifestation suffer from subclinical CAD.17 Previous studies reported a rate of inducible ischaemia by exercise stress testing (EST) in 22% (with a wide range of 5–56%) of ED patients reflecting differences in patient population, risk factors and criteria used for ED and CAD diagnosis. Interestingly, those patients further assessed with coronary angiography had obstructive atherosclerosis in >90% of cases.4,18 In a prospective angiographic study, we documented that 19% of ED patients suffer from clinically silent obstructive CAD.18
A number of nonprescription products claim to be herbal forms of Viagra. Some of these products contain unknown amounts of ingredients similar to those in prescription medications, which can cause dangerous side effects. Some actually contain the real drug, which should be given by prescription only. Although the Food and Drug Administration has banned many of these products, some potentially dangerous erectile dysfunction remedies remain on the market.
A medical history focused on risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, hypertension, alcoholism, drug abuse, trauma, and endocrine problems including hypothyroidism, low testosterone levels, and hyperprolactinemia, is very important. Commonly used drugs that disrupt male sexual function are spironolactone (Aldactone), sympathetic blockers such as clonidine (Catapres), guanethidine (Islemin), methyldopa (Aldomet), thiazide diuretics, most antidepressants, ketoconazole (Nizoral), cimetidine (Tagamet), alcohol, methadone, heroin, and cocaine. Finally, assessment of psychiatric history will help identify emotional issues such as interpersonal conflict, performance anxiety, depression, or anxiety.
Some blood pressure medicines can also cause erectile dysfunction. Thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers are most likely to cause problems, but this is not a common effect of these medicines and will not happen to everyone. If you are taking either of these medicines and are worried about erectile dysfunction, your GP may be able to change your medicines.
Cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction (ED) are closely interrelated disease processes. Erectile dysfunction reportedly affects 10 million to 20 million men in the United States and more than 100 million men worldwide. Each year, about 500,000 persons in the United States survive a myocardial infarction, and an estimated 11 million have existing cardiovascular disease, making the issue of sexual function and cardiac disease relevant to many patients. We explore the relationship between ED and the presence of cardiovascular disease in the general population. We also review the prevalence and pathophysiological associations of ED and cardiovascular disease. The risks of sexual activity for patients with cardiovascular disease are discussed, as are prevention and treatment strategies for ED in this patient population.
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (30) | Google ScholarSee all References Increased cGMP levels cause intracellular calcium levels to decrease, resulting in relaxation of the corporeal smooth muscle, active dilatation of the penile arteries, arterioles, and sinusoids, and finally, increased arterial inflow and passive compression of penile venous outflow.10x10Kloner, RA and Zusman, RM. Cardiovascular effects of sildenafil citrate and recommendations for its use. Am J Cardiol. 1999; 84: 11N–17N
Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (164) | Google ScholarSee all References Several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have shown vardenafil to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of ED secondary to a wide range of other etiologies as well.71x71Hellstrom, WJ, Gittelman, M, Karlin, G..., and Vardenafil Study Group. Sustained efficacy and tolerability of vardenafil, a highly potent selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in men with erectile dysfunction: results of a randomized, double-blind, 26-week placebo-controlled pivotal trial. Urology. 2003; 61: 8–14
Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (539) | Google ScholarSee all References The MMAS found the total prevalence of minimal to severe ED to be 52% and estimated that more than 617,000 new cases were expected to occur annually in the United States.4x4Feldman, HA, Goldstein, I, Hatzichristou, DG, Krane, RJ, and McKinlay, JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol. 1994; 151: 54–61
*** High-risk patients include those with unstable or refractory angina pectoris, uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA class IV), recent myocardial infarction without intervention (<2 weeks), high-risk arrhythmia (exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia, implanted internal cardioverter defibrillator with frequent shocks, and poorly controlled atrial fibrillation), obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe symptoms, and moderate to severe valve disease, particularly aortic stenosis.
Prescription drugs called “oral phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors” are considered the “first-line non-invasive treatment” options for patients with ED. These include the drugs that go by brand names: Sildenafil, Vardenafil or Tadalafil. They work by helping the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels that supply the penis with blood to work properly. This allows a man to maintain an erection more easily.
Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (72) | Google ScholarSee all References This study found that the mean PSV was a better predictor of the presence of cardiovascular disease than stratification by standard cardiac risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, and smoking. The researchers recommended that persons with no history of prior perineal trauma and with a PSV lower than 35 mL/s should undergo exercise testing before receiving treatment of ED because these patients had a 42% risk of having ischemic heart disease. However, other investigators questioned the utility of using penile arterial flow to predict the presence of ischemic heart disease.18x18Chiu, AW, Chen, KK, Chen, MT, Chang, LS, and Chang, MS. Penile brachial index in impotent patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Urol. 1991; 19: 213–216
Owing to its delicate nature, discussion about the sexual life of the patient is effective not on a circumstantial visit to the doctor, but on the basis of confidence between the patient and the physician, as is usually the case with the cardiologist. Thus, the cardiologist is given a unique opportunity to identify ED and thus ‘recharacterize’ the risk of the patient. In addition, since normal sexual activity is important to most men with CVD, irrespective of age, the cardiologist can clarify issues that relate to such activity after a cardiac event or to a specific cardiac condition (e.g. heart failure). Often, such issues are hampered by misconceptions from the side of the patient. Therefore, while less than half of the patients receive information about resuming sexual activity after a cardiac event, proper counselling increases their likelihood to resume their previous level of sexual activity by 50%.50 Furthermore, the cardiologist can increase adherence to the medication by clarifying that it is uncommonly the true cause of ED. Finally, proper counselling is required to ensure safety of concomitant PDE5 inhibitors medication, the use of which has the additional advantage to increase compliance to CVD mediation, especially in hypertension. It should be noted that while patients are often reluctant to bring up the issue of sexual health, they are relieved and respond positively when their cardiologist has done so. It should also be emphasized that, frequently, sexual counselling is more effective when done together with their partner.
WASHINGTON (Mar 09, 2017) - Men who filled prescriptions for erectile dysfunction drugs in the years following a heart attack had a substantially lower risk of dying or being hospitalized for heart failure than men who did not use these drugs, according to a study scheduled for presentation at the American College of Cardiology';s 66th Annual Scientific Session.
Intraurethral alprostadil (Muse) provides a less invasive alternative to intrapenile injection. It is a pellet that is inserted 5–10 min before intercourse, and its effects last for 1 h. The response rate is ∼50–60%. It can be used twice daily but is not recommended for use with pregnant partners. Complications of priapism and penile fibrosis are less common than after alprostadil given by penile injection. The cost is ∼$18–24 per treatment.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with both decreased erectile function and increased cardiovascular risk. The MMAS found that the age-adjusted probability of complete impotence was 3 times higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in those without the disease.6x6Kloner, RA. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular risk factors. Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 2001; 36: 41–44 (49-51.)
Towards this direction, several sufficiently powered studies have demonstrated a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease, either asymptomatic or overt. At the same time, patients with erectile dysfunction are more prone to have established coronary artery stenosis of more than 50% and consequently evident CV disease. This is in conformity with the “artery size hypothesis” according to which smaller arteries (e.g., penile arteries) are the first to undergo a vascular lesion prior to the larger ones (e.g., coronary arteries). Moreover, in such patients erectile dysfunction is connected to the number of occluded vessels and more interestingly occurs over three years before coronary artery disease becomes apparent[76-80].
Some doctors prefer to start a man on the lowest dose of an oral medicine and increase the dose until an effective one is found. Others prefer to start with the highest dose and go to a lower dose only if a man complains of side effects. In either case, it’s important for a man to communicate with his doctor to let him know how the dose he’s using is working.


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To Kill A Mockingbird
Catch a revival of one of the greatest works of literature in American history, as How To Kill a Mockingbird is adapted by Aaron Sorkin. With veteran actor Rhys Ifans playing the lead role, the production guarantees to be a critical success!
Why Watch To Kill a Mockingbird
In 1934 Alabama, Atticus Finch is a middle-aged man, practising as a lawyer. He lives with his daughter, Jean “Scout” Louise Finch and son, Jeremy, affectionately called Jem. They are friends with a boy named Dill who lives closeby, and they are fascinated by their reclusive neighbour, Arthur “Boo” Radley. In the meantime, Atticus agrees to defend a black man who has been accused of raping a white woman. Jem and Scout are taunted by other children for their father’s actions. Will the mob mentality put Atticus’ family in danger? Can they be saved by an unsung hero who the whole town is suspicious of?
Based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird is a critically acclaimed piece of theatre that has gone on to have numerous adaptation on both the stage and a film that went on to win an Academy Award. It is the most successful American play in Broadway history and brilliantly highlights the themes of racial injustice and childhood innocence. This production is adapted by Aaron Sorkin and sees the story in a different light, one where the main character is no longer the shining beacon of virtue that we have come to expect.
Fans of Dramas | Fans of Harper Lee
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Guns STI International Introduces the DVC Tactical 2011 Industry News February 21, 2017 Join the Conversation STI International recently announced the release of their new DVC Tactical 2011 Pistol, a weapon they say sets a precedent for functional superiority. Here’s what they had to say about it. Industry News: STI International Introduces the DVC Tactical 2011 Built with the tactical shooter in mind, the new DVC Tactical 2011 Pistol features aggressive slide lightening cuts and grip stippling, taking the most functional features of STI competition guns and putting them in a package for the defensive handgun shooter. The DVC Tactical Pistol comes with rugged, fixed tritium sights and a threaded 5.0” barrel. The gun features a low-viz black DLC (Diamond Like) coating and a copper tinted TiAIN (Titanium Aluminum Nitride) coated barrel. The gun comes standard with a tool-less guide rod and full length tactical dust cover for mounting a variety of accessories. The DVC Tactical Pistol also features the STI Tactical Magwell for quick reloads and mag stripping. The pistol is available in 9mm (20 round capacity) or .45 (14 round capacity) and sells for $2,999. About STI International in their own words. Performance Defined. STI is based out of Georgetown, Texas and is the premier manufacturer of 1911 & 2011 style firearms. The company is dedicated to providing the highest quality firearms for competition, duty, or self-defense use. From introducing the firearms industry into the precision world of “EDM” hammers, sears, and components to the invention of the legendary 2011 platform, STI has continually led the firearms market in product development and quality. The STI commitment to making some of the very ﬁnest custom quality handguns that your hard earned money can buy, goes far deeper than some plaque on a lobby wall. It is a personal responsibility of every STI employee to put their best into each gun that leaves the building. For them it is more than a job—it is innovating and engineering to keep raising the STI standard; it is machining and hand crafting each part for a ﬁt and ﬁnish that ﬁlls your hand with conﬁdence; and it is the integrity to stay the course even if it means doing things diﬀerently. STI is for the discerning shooter who appreciates having the best. You can find them online right here. Explore RECOILweb:RECOILtv: Julie Golob Joins the RosterRECOILtv Road Trips: Gambler 500SportEAR Relaunched on IndiegogoConcierge Cans: How Silencer Central Drops Cans at Your Door NEXT STEP: Download Your Free Target Pack from RECOILFor years, RECOIL magazine has treated its readers to a full-size (sometimes full color!) shooting target tucked into each big issue. Now we've compiled over 50 of our most popular targets into this one digital PDF download. From handgun drills to AR-15 practice, these 50+ targets have you covered. Print off as many as you like (ammo not included). Get your pack of 50 Print-at-Home targets when you subscribe to the RECOIL email newsletter. We'll send you weekly updates on guns, gear, industry news, and special offers from leading manufacturers - your guide to the firearms lifestyle.You want this. Trust Us.


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The English alt-indie quartet Lucie Barât & The Au Revoirs release their début two track single Fallen on the 13th of November.
A tentative voice accompanied by quiet guitar sets the opening scene for Fallen, before all the elements drop in together and pulsating chorus pump into the ear, prior to dropping away again and this technique deployed by Lucie Barât & The Au Revoirs throughout the track, gives it an impressively powerful and haunting presence.
Fallen bears an immediate repeat to capture the fullest flavour of the piece. The highly charged voice captures the attention, but for me the highlights are the percussion that veers from gentle snare to flighty utilisation of all the kit with no loss of timing, together with the precision of mood changes by all the players that could not be of sharper cut if delivered by a guillotine.
The B Side – Apology, shows a different element to Lucie Barât & The Au Revoirs in a more driven number, that give greater space for the guitars to express the context. As with Fallen, the quartet do introduce significant mood switches, keeping the listener ever attentive.
Of the two, inevitably it is this more gutsy activity that ensures Apology is my pick of the release. A track that finds itself on the release more to do with creating a vinyl version of the single than anything else .
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Many people know that there are specific problems that can come after a traumatic brain injury. One of the most difficult aspects of this type of injury is dealing with the cognitive effects. These can change every aspect of your life, including your career and your personal life.
For some people who have a brain injury, therapy can help with these cognitive problems. These individuals might also need others around them to help them. This includes at work, at home, and when they’re out with friends.
What kinds of problems come with cognitive changes?
There are several different problems that can come up when a person suffers changes in their cognition. These include things like trouble with their memory and the ability to communicate effectively. It may take them longer to determine what others are trying to tell them. It might also be difficult for them to express their own thoughts. They may also have difficulties with problem-solving skills.
Some of the ways that these individuals might compensate include focusing on only one activity at a time and using notes to help remind them what they’re supposed to do. People around them might need to repeat statements to the individual. Those working with the injured party may need to show considerable patience.
Therapy and medical care for a traumatic brain injury can be very costly. When the injury was caused by the negligence of another person, the victim might opt to pursue a claim for compensation. This can help them to recover the financial damages they’ve suffered because of the other person’s actions.


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- John Legend had $30,000 stolen at JFK airport - TMZ
- Amanda Seyfried and Thomas Sadoski just welcomed their first child - Gossip Cop
- Vanessa Hudgens is spilling on High School Musical 4- Just Jared Jr
- Kendall and Kylie Jenner are both dealing with home intruders - Wetpaint
- Mariah Carey has joined in on the Nicki Minja and Remy Ma feud- Lainey Gossip
- Adam Sandler just sealed a four movie deal with Netflix - The Hollywood Reporter
Nick & Vanessa Lachey Welcome Baby Boy Camden John!
About Photo #2720725: Nick Lachey and his wife Vanessa have welcomed a baby boy! The 31-year-old Wipeout host and television personality gave birth to their son Camden John on Wednesday… Read More Here