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I want to thank Eric Michael Rhodes for his thoughtful read of my book, The One-Way Street of Integration. The great challenge of writing the book, which Mr. Rhodes seems to have sensed in his remarks at the end of his review, was in articulating a vision for how to use housing policy in the pursuit of racial justice and regional equity without reducing that effort to a series of variations on the single theme of shifting lower-income people of color across the metropolitan landscape. The policy debate, about which Mr. Rhodes makes fair observations, will go on – my book is quite unlikely to resolve that disagreement. His engaging review, however, provides me with the opportunity to elaborate my argument.
First, practical matters: We need to reclaim the notion of “fair housing” from those who reduce it to merely an integration objective. The lack of good, decent, affordable housing in communities of color is also a fair housing issue and one that would be addressed by an aggressive housing improvement initiative across the country. The disproportionate occupancy of substandard housing by people of color is part of that fair housing issue. Perhaps more to the point given the housing trends in major U.S. cities, the forced relocation of lower-income people of color from neighborhoods that have for decades experienced disinvestment and neglect but that are now receiving renewed investment, either through processes of gentrification or large scale public housing redevelopment, is a fair housing issue. And yet fair housing lawyers oppose efforts by local governments and activists to provide preferences to neighborhood residents for affordable housing that might insulate those families from forced displacement. It is a myopic vision of fair housing at best.
Second, we flatter ourselves and slide into paternalism when we act on the idea that we know best about where lower income POC should live. Third, we rob communities of color and their leadership of agency if we do not acknowledge and attempt to facilitate a stay-in-place option. Fourth, we take our eyes off of the real objectives; the enhancement of housing choices for low-income POC, if we pretend to know which is the best choice for them, and when we fashion our policies to incentivize or require that choice. Fifth, we need to refocus on breaking down barriers to choice, including building subsidized housing in exclusive white enclaves.
But beyond practical policy matters, defining the disadvantages faced by people of color in our metropolitan areas solely, or even chiefly in terms of segregation, obscures the deeply embedded racism and the structures of public and private racial subordination that operate in this country. Integrationism imagines that the rearrangement of people in space is a substitute for the hard work of dismantling structural racism. Further, it underappreciates the subtle and not so subtle ways in which it legitimates and ratifies that racism. By positing integration into predominantly white neighborhoods as the means of uplift for lower income people of color we incorporate white racism into our public policy approaches. We define the ideal neighborhood as one that is mostly white. We incorporate and ratify the white racism that would lead to white flight if ‘too many’ people of color entered a community. As Cheryl Harris wrote in 1993, we, in fact, define our goals in ways to avoid disturbing “the settled expectations of whites that their interests – particularly the relative privilege accorded by their whiteness – would not be violated.”
Cheryl I. Harris, 1993. “Whiteness as property.” Harvard Law Review, 106, 8, June.
Edward G. Goetz is Professor of Urban and Regional Planning and the Director of the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs at the University of Minnesota. He has served as Associate Dean and as Director of the Masters of Urban and Regional Planning program at the Humphrey School. He specializes in housing and local community development planning and policy. His research focuses on issues of race and poverty and how they affect housing policy planning and implementation.
In April, 2015, Freddie Gray died of a spinal cord injury while in the custody of Baltimore police officers. His was one more name on a national roster of unarmed black men who died that year at the hands of the police. On the day of Gray’s funeral, rioting broke out. Buildings were burned, stores looted, vehicles smashed and set afire – especially police cars. Twenty officers were injured, and about 250 residents arrested. The town lay under a state of emergency for a full week.
Not long after the emergency ended, the New York Times ran an editorial under the headline “How Racism Doomed Baltimore.” It said that “the segregationist impulse in Maryland generally was particularly virulent and well documented in Baltimore, which is now 63 percent black…Americans might think of Maryland as a Northern state, but it was distinctively Southern in its attitudes toward race…the acute nature of segregation in Baltimore – and the tools that were developed to enforce it over such a long period of time – have left an indelible mark and given that city a singular place in the country’s racial history.”
The Times account of Baltimore’s racial history mentioned one tool of discrimination in particular – a residential segregation ordinance adopted by the city in 1910. It was the first law of its kind in the country and a model for several other cities. Superficially even-handed, it prohibited African Americans from moving to blocks where a majority of the residents were white, but also made it illegal for whites to move to blocks with black majorities. One hundred and five years before its editorial on the Freddie Gray riots, the Times had condemned the Baltimore ordinance as “the most pronounced ‘Jim Crow’ measure on record.”
Baltimoreans naturally had a different understanding of their ordinance. The law’s title set out its official purposes: “An Ordinance for Preserving Peace, Preventing Conflict and Ill-Feelings Between the White and Colored Races And Protecting the General Welfare of the City of Baltimore By Providing as Far as Possible for the Use of Separate Blocks By White and Colored People for Residences, Churches, and Schools.” The stated purpose, in other words, was to avoid racial conflict. But the law’s too-long title nearly sank it. A municipal court declared it invalid because it violated a provision of the city charter requiring that the title of an ordinance could mention only one purpose.
The City Council pruned the law’s title and passed an updated version in 1911, which included a new provision exempting racially mixed blocks from the scope of the ordinance. In 1913, a black man was charged with occupying a house on a majority-white block. The case was dismissed when a municipal judge held that the law’s language concerning mixed-race blocks made no sense. On appeal, a state court approved the disputed wording, but threw out the ordinance anyway. A black person who owned a house on a majority-white block before the passage of the law would be prohibited from occupying it. The City Council again revised their ordinance to meet the requirements of the courts.
It did not survive its next judicial test. In 1917, the U.S. Supreme Court declared Louisville’s residential segregation law unconstitutional, not because it was racially discriminatory, but because it interfered with the right of property-owners to sell real estate to purchasers of their own choosing. Louisville’s law had been modeled on Baltimore’s. During the ensuing decades, residential segregation in Baltimore, as in other cities, depended on restrictive covenants and, later, on the redlining policies of federal loan and loan guarantee programs.
There is little here to give Baltimore a “singular place in the country’s racial history,” as the Times would have it. But there was something singular about the city’s political orientation toward race. The too-long title that introduced its residential segregation ordinance may have exaggerated the town’s devotion to “preserving peace and preventing conflict.” (Baltimore was known as Mobtown after all.) But it expressed a settled determination to avoid raising the race issue.
In 1838, James Silk Buckingham, a wealthy British social reformer recently retired from the House of Commons stopped off in Baltimore for about a month during a year-long tour of the United States. When he got back to England he published a book about his travels. “It is worthy of remark,” he wrote, “that in all our intercourse with the people of Baltimore, and we were constantly out in society, we heard less about slaves and slavery than in any town we had yet visited.”
Baltimore occupied the middle ground between slavery and freedom. Its position may have bred ambivalence about the peculiar institution that dictated only subdued discussion of the subject or none at all. But that was not the case in other border towns. They seemed to occupy the front lines in the slavery controversy. Abolitionist editor Elijah Lovejoy was slain by a mob in a border town. One of his counterparts, Cassius Marcellus Clay of Lexington, Kentucky, survived two assassination attempts only because he went nowhere without his Bowie knife.
Baltimore’s antebellum elite was distinctive, not only because of its geographic location, but its social composition. When Buckingham was “out in society,” he mingled with prominent citizens whose roots were in Southern Maryland, the Eastern Shore, and points further South. Most took slavery for granted; some owned slaves. But he was also likely to have encountered prosperous Quaker millers, merchants, and bankers. Some of their ancestors arrived in Maryland under its Act of Toleration. Others were sons or grandsons of Quaker merchants who came to Baltimore when, during the Revolutionary War, the British occupied Philadelphia. Still others may have arrived in response to Baltimore’s astonishing economic growth from 1790 to 1820, when the town’s population quadrupled.
Pro-slavery patricians and abolitionist Quakers lived in close proximity to one another. They socialized with one another and, perhaps most important, did business with one another. It followed that the slavery issue rarely came up in polite conversation when Baltimore’s elite was “out in society,” because it posed a threat to politeness — and to business.
Back to Africa
Baltimore’s ambiguous position in the slavery debate found institutional expression in the American Colonization Society. Its goal was resolve America’s racial problem by shipping black people back to Africa – to Liberia. Robert Goodloe Harper, a Baltimore attorney, outlined the Society’s grand strategy in a public letter of 1817. Harper hoped that emigration would reduce Baltimore’s sizeable population of free black people – the largest in the country. Their presence was thought to arouse discontent among African Americans who remained in slavery. But emigration might also help to erode slavery itself. Slave owners, according to Harper, “who are now restrained from manumitting their slaves, by the conviction that they would generally become a nuisance if manumitted in this country, would gladly give them their freedom if they could be sent to a place where they could enjoy it, usefully to themselves and society.” In Africa, they could be free, equal, and distant.
In other words, white Baltimoreans who supported colonization could come down on either side of the slavery issue. They wanted to get rid of free blacks because their presence undermined the institution of slavery. But they also claimed to undermine slavery themselves. They encouraged the manumission of slaves by enabling their owners to avoid the inconvenience of having to live with them after they were free.
But while the Maryland Colonization Society straddled the slavery issue, the national Society was torn apart by it. John H.B. Latrobe explained that the “north looked to Colonization as the means of extirpating slavery. The south as the means of perpetuating it.” At the organization’s annual meeting in 1833, “the explosion came at last.” The clash between the Society’s proponents of slavery and it opponents was precisely what the Maryland Colonization Society was trying to avoid.
The Maryland Society’s directors, all Baltimoreans, deplored the controversy and tried to distance themselves from it. But they soon resorted to more drastic action. The Maryland chapter seceded from the national organization and purchased its own colony in Liberia to which it sent its own parties of colonists including both free black people and newly emancipated slaves.
Baltimore continued its delicate dance around the race issue for generations. When the rest of the country was swept up in the “irrepressible conflict,” Baltimore repressed it. The Know Nothing Party dominated the city’s politics and its agenda in the late 1850’s, years after the Party had collapsed everywhere else. Baltimore made an issue of nativism instead of slavery. Less than a week after Abraham Lincoln had been elected, the city’s new mayor declared in his inaugural address “that national politics should be entirely disregarded in the administration of municipal affairs.” An avowed “Unconditional Unionist” who represented a Baltimore district in the House of Representatives told his constituents, “The way to settle the Slavery Question is to be silent on it.” It was true that the town’s residential segregation ordinance temporarily broke that silence, but only to minimize occasions for interracial contact and friction.
In 1954, the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. the Board of Education threatened to break Baltimore’s silence once again. But the Court did not require immediate desegregation. It held the Brown case over for a year to hear argument about how its decision should be implemented. But just 17 days after the announcement of the Brown decision, the Baltimore Board of School Commissioners voted unanimously and with no public discussion to desegregate the public schools when they opened in September.
That September, I would have my first exposure to desegregated education – at a school named for Robert E. Lee. No one at the school tried to explain to us what was happening or why or how we should respond to it. The silence at Robert E. Lee was system-wide. In 1956, a report sponsored jointly by the city and the state found that the Superintendent “and the administrators, backed by the Board of School Commissioners, believed that the less said in advance about integration the better, since talking about it would focus attention on presumed problems and create the impression that difficulties were anticipated.” A memorandum went out from school headquarters instructing teachers and staff to carry out desegregation “by ‘doing what comes naturally’ so that children would look upon it as a natural and normal development and hence nothing over which to become excited or disturbed.” It was no accident that our teachers said nothing about integration. The School Board’s sudden decision about desegregation, with no public discussion, was a preemptive strike to foreclose debate about the issue. When it came to desegregation, silence was school system policy.
Like other cities, Baltimore had adopted a “freedom of choice” desegregation plan. Black parents were free to send their children to predominantly white schools if there was room for them. But since most neighborhoods were segregated, white schools were frequently remote from black neighborhoods, and few black students could manage the journey. In 1968, the Supreme Court decided that freedom-of-choice plans actually had to produce desegregated schools, and that local authorities had a positive duty to achieve integration. Baltimore’s City Solicitor issued an opinion stating that the city’s schools were no longer in compliance with federal law. But the President of the City Council refused to reconsider the city’s desegregation policy because, he said, “immediately the question of race comes in.” Council President William Donald Schaefer wanted to keep it out. Three years later, he was elected mayor.
When Schaefer was elected governor in 1986, the city charter designated the City Council President as Acting Mayor – Clarence ‘Du’ Burns – Baltimore’s first African American mayor. His next hurdle was to become its first elected black mayor. His principal rival was another African American, Kurt Schmoke, Baltimore’s State’s Attorney. There might also have been an impressive white candidate. Robert Embry was President of the Board of School Commissioners. He had previously served on the City Council and as Baltimore’s Commissioner of Housing and Community Development. He resigned as School Board President, presumably to avoid the suspicion that he was using the position to advance his candidacy. But in the end, he decided not to run. One of the considerations that led him to this decision, he said, was that “I’m just not comfortable with the divisive aspects of it racially.”
The field of serious mayoral candidates narrowed to two black men, and unlike other cities, Baltimore elected its first black mayor without making an issue of race. It was not a political peculiarity of the moment, but one more episode in a settled continuity that was rooted in the city’s past. The uprising that followed the death of Freddie Gray may seem to break with the past. But in at least one respect it marched with tradition. Though firearms were much in evidence during the disorders, only one shot was fired. One of the citizens in the street accidently dropped his weapon, and it discharged. Once “peace” was restored, however, there followed an epidemic of gunshots, many of them deadly. And they continue. Baltimore’s long silence has created a city where shooting has become a substitute for talking.
Matthew Crenson is a Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the Johns Hopkins University. He is a native Baltimorean who earned his undergraduate degree at Johns Hopkins and a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Chicago. In 1969 he joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins after teaching at M.I.T. and spending a year as a predoctoral fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington. He has specialized in the study of American urban and national politics. At Hopkins, he a served as Chair of the Department of Political Science and Associate Dean and Acting Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences. Dr. Crenson is the author or co-author of eight books, including Baltimore: A Political History (Johns Hopkins University Press, (2017).
On January 3, 1956, a bomb exploded in the garage of John G. Pegg, an African- American newcomer to the Shaker Heights neighborhood. The explosion was a turning point for the Cleveland suburb: the wealthiest neighborhood in America in 1960. Though it destroyed Pegg’s garage, it also jolted Shaker Heights’ residents into action. Out of the debris emerged white residents’ desire to change their community from one that fostered racial intolerance to one that openly accepted African Americans. Instead of succumbing to fear, they decided to racially integrate.
Emboldened by the landmark Supreme Court decision Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), which ruled racially restrictive covenants unconstitutional, African Americans like John G. Pegg began moving to Shaker Heights in the 1950s. In response to this influx of African-American homeowners, some white homeowners feared that they would have to leave their affluent community. Subsequently, some white residents started selling their homes.
Other white residents hoped to remain in the Ludlow neighborhood of Shaker Heights; they felt invested in the community and wanted to continue living there regardless of the increasing black population. Spurred by the firebombing of Pegg’s garage on January 3, 1956, while his home was under construction, white residents, as well as African-American newcomers Winston Richie and Theodore and Beverly Mason, formed the Ludlow Community Association (LCA) in 1957. The LCA’s first president, a white resident named Irwin Barnett, was most concerned with stopping the rumors that “Ludlow was going to turn into a ghetto” due to the influx of black residents and ensuing white flight. As a result of these fears, Barnett sought out strategies to encourage whites to purchase homes in the community. However, two external threats impeded the LCA’s progress: banks and real estate agents. Realtors refused to show whites homes in the Ludlow neighborhood and banks made it difficult for them to secure mortgage financing.
As a result of banks and realtors obstructing white homebuyers’ ability to purchase homes in Ludlow, subsequent LCA presidents prioritized attracting white potential homebuyers. These presidents were able to re-attract whites to Shaker Heights using a variety of methods, including lending up to $5,000 for second mortgages to prospective homebuyers who could not afford the cost of a down payment. Many of the LCA’s social events raised funds for white homebuyers’ loans. In 1966, LCA President Alan Gressel invited jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald to perform, and raised $10,000 in ticket sales, which funded the LCA’s activities, including its mortgage program. In 1969, LCA President William Insull, Jr. used the proceeds from the LCA’s production of My Fair Lady to finance loans for prospective white homebuyers to live in Ludlow. As a result of the LCA’s efforts, Ludlow began to reverse the annual rate of change from 1964 to 1967, where home sales were about one-tenth of one per cent from white to black. By 1968, the rate of change transitioned from black to white.
Unfortunately, the LCA’s focus on white homeowners to maintain integration meant discouraging black people from purchasing homes. While the LCA never explicitly encouraged discrimination against black homebuyers, its actions reveal otherwise. Many African-Americans who wanted to finance their homes faced difficulty and few, if any African-American homebuyers purchased homes through the LCA’s program, given the organization’s preference for white homebuyers.
Additionally, African-American businessman William Percy was so outraged by the LCA’s aloofness towards him when he viewed a home that he was “ready to sue the LCA for discrimination.” Ironically, when Percy moved to Ludlow and joined the organization, he began to understand the LCA’s position, and eventually became its first black President in 1964. Percy’s “shared interests” with white Ludlow residents “as the basis for the construction of suburban identities” both motivated his and white LCA members’ ability to disavow their discrimination against black homebuyers as a way to subsequently maintain their community’s property values.
Several events that took place between 1968 and 1979 laid the foundation for Shaker Heights to pursue a more equitable form of integration in the 1980s. By the 1970s, the changing racial climate in the U.S. ushered in by the Civil Rights Movement, the Open Housing Movement, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968 produced an environment in Shaker Heights where there was harsher criticism of local fair housing organizations’ problematic policies.
In 1972, Joseph H. Battle, an African-American Ludlow resident, realtor, and President of Operation Equality—a national housing program that the Urban League of Greater Cleveland implemented to ensure that housing practices abided by the Fair Housing Act of 1968—wrote a scathing denunciation of the Shaker Communities Housing Office, for Operation Equality. The Shaker Communities Housing Office, an organization founded in July 1967, openly preferred white homeowners over black homeowners, asserted Battle. More specifically, Battle lamented the Housing Office’s continued discrimination against prospective black homebuyers, its failure to achieve neighborhood stabilization due to integrated areas receiving a growing African-American population, and the reluctance to support open housing in unintegrated sections of the city. Given the Ludlow Community Association’s role in establishing the Housing Office in 1967, LCA members expressed guilt over the Housing Office’s errors. In 1972, members internally acknowledged that stabilizing Ludlow would become “increasingly more difficult,” that “nothing is being effected to motivate the white brokers at this time…unless the laws are more vigorously adhered to.” Despite the LCA’s internal admission that it was difficult to maintain integration in Ludlow, more criticism would continue to be levied at Shaker Heights’ failure to equitably integrate.
Tension over the Housing Office’s policies erupted in April 1979 when half of the Housing Office’s coordinators, two black and four white women, resigned in a public protest over the disparate treatment of white and black prospective homebuyers. In a public letter published in the Sun Press, the resigning coordinators cited the ambiguity of whether the Housing Office’s pro-integrative policies were meant to encourage integration or containment. Finally, in June 1979, the Housing Office unveiled a new policy that promised black and white prospective homebuyers equal treatment. Under the new policy, whites were to be shown homes in areas that were predominantly black and blacks would be shown homes in areas that were predominantly white.
Donald DeMarco, who became the Director of Community Services in November 1982, enhanced these policies. Although DeMarco did not work for the Housing Office, as the Director of Community Services, his office oversaw the Housing Office’s seventeen employees. Under DeMarco’s direction, the Housing Office enacted policies intended to “promote and sustain racial integration” instead of aiding homebuyers who want housing in areas that helps “further segregation.” For example, the Housing Office worked with real estate agencies that provided the Housing Office with referrals from homebuyers who were not interested in exploring housing options in an integrated community. Acquainting homebuyers and realtors who were initially opposed to living in and selling homes in an integrated community, with the appealing aspects of Shaker’s vibrant community—such as its excellent schools—were non-race based methods of making these homebuyers and realtors receptive to the idea of living in and selling homes in a community with fantastic amenities, that happened to be integrated.
The City of Shaker Heights also supported the Housing Office’s newfound commitment to equitable integration. In 1986, the City of Shaker Heights inaugurated a homebuyers’ loan program called the Fund for the Future of Shaker Heights. The Fund for the Future of Shaker Heights provided white homebuyers with loans to encourage them to move into neighborhoods that were at least fifty percent black and black homebuyers with loans to encourage them to move into neighborhoods that were at least ninety percent white.
Shaker Heights’ commitment to integration also extended to establishing metropolitan-wide integration by forming an inter-government agency called the East Suburban Council for Open Communities (ESCOC) in 1983. Shaker Heights, in conjunction with the nearby suburbs of Cleveland Heights and University Heights, as well as their respective school districts, founded ESCOC as a joint venture, funded by the Gund and Cleveland Foundations. Led by African-American Ludlow resident Winston Richie, ESCOC provided loans to black homebuyers who purchased homes in suburbs that were less than twenty-five percent black and white homeowners who purchased homes in suburbs that were more than twenty-five percent black. By 1990, ESCOC estimated that it assisted 400 black families in moving into Cleveland’s predominantly white eastern suburbs.
Despite the revolutionary promise of these local and regional fair housing organizations, it was still difficult to eradicate white supremacy’s impact on the housing market. While the city’s policies provided economic incentives to encourage both black and white homebuyers to integrate neighborhoods, few black homebuyers could afford to purchase homes in predominantly white neighborhoods; therefore, white homebuyers still received ninety percent of loans in the early 1990s. Establishing equality proved to be quite difficult in the Cleveland-metropolitan area, given its ranking as the second most segregated housing market in the nation, in accordance with two nationally published independent analyses of 1990 Census data.
This disparity is also important because it reveals that white privilege in the housing market is persistent and cannot be eradicated, only abated. Therefore, the efforts of all three entities to curtail housing segregation underscore that efforts to combat residential segregation have to be consistent and constant because of the housing market’s preference for whiteness and segregation.
By the late 1990s and early 2000s, Shaker Heights’ commitment to pro-integrative policies waned. ESCOC dissolved shortly after Winston Richie’s resignation as Executive Director in January 1991. In 2002, the Housing Office closed and two offices of city government absorbed its functions. Additionally, the community associations that invested so much time and energy into integrating Shaker Heights in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s began to exist as solely social organizations in the 1990s and 2000s.
One possible explanation for Shaker Heights de-prioritizing its fair housing efforts is colorblindness. The idea that Shaker Heights “accomplished” its goal of integrating its community and therefore no longer needs apparatuses to intentionally integrate is a form of colorblindness. This misconception ignores the housing market’s preference for whiteness and residential segregation, under the guise of equality for all.
These colorblind attitudes have had tangible effects on Shaker Heights’ racial demographics over the past two decades. The absence of pro-integrative efforts places Shaker Heights in danger of completely re-segregating as a predominantly black, middle or working-class community. Racial demographics in 2000 and 2010 reveal that Shaker Heights was beginning to re-segregate without persistent methods to maintain integration. According to the 2000 Census, Shaker Heights was 59.9% white and 34.1% black. By contrast, in 2010, whites composed 54.9% of the total population and blacks comprised 37% of the total population. These statistics are significant because they underscore the white flight that afflicted the community over the past two decades.
This high rate of white flight demonstrates the difficulty in retaining white homeowners and attracting white homebuyers to integrated communities without interventions in the housing market. While it is not negative for a community to re-segregate as a predominantly black community, studies demonstrate that predominantly black neighborhoods struggle with less access to quality amenities and report lower incomes compared to white neighborhoods. Employment discrimination causes black employees to earn lower incomes than white employees. Therefore, integration is desirable not for cultural reasons but rather to expose black homeowners to resources that they otherwise might not receive in a segregated, racist housing market.
The most logical steps for Shaker Heights to stave off complete re-segregation are for residents and activists to be vigilant of the segregation and whiteness that permeate the housing market. While this does not include giving preferential treatment to white homebuyers to reside in the community, these steps should include targeted advertisements to white homebuyers, given many white homebuyers’ fear of living in communities with increasing populations of color. Other steps should include providing mortgage subsidies to both black and white homebuyers and providing financial assistance for black and white homeowners to reside in neighborhoods where their races are underrepresented. Taking steps to encourage integration will also help the community stabilize its home values. Overall, Shaker Heights’ integration can be maintained only if there are concerted efforts to do so.
Nichole Nelson is a PhD candidate at Yale University studying twentieth-century American History, with a focus on post-WWII urban and suburban history. Nelson was the Metropole’s UHA member of the week in April. Read more about her research here.
Photo at top of the page, Shaker Heights rapid transit line, Jet Lowe, 1978, Historic American Buildings Survey Collection, Prints and Photographs, Library of Congress
 Russell H. Davis, Black Americans in Cleveland from George Peake to Carl B. Stokes, 1796-1969. (Washington: Associated Publishers, 1972), 331.
 Thomas Meehan, “The Good Life in Shaker Heights,” Cosmopolitan, 46-51, March 1963.
 Joseph P. Blank, “Ludlow—A Lesson in Integration,” A Reader’s Digest, September 1968, 194.
 Sources: Pegg’s home was located at 13601 Corby Road. Davis, 331; Blank, 194 and “1957-2007: 50th Anniversary LCA—Ludlow Community Association,” 3-4, Ludlow Community Association Records Series I, 1953-1972, Box 5, Folder 5; Western Reserve Historical Society.
 “Trends in Housing,” National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing 9, no. 6, (November-December 1965), Ludlow Community Association Records Series I, 1953-1972, Box 5, Folder 5; Western Reserve Historical Society
 Gilbert Selden served a one-year term in 1959; Bernard Isaacs served as President from 1960-1962; Joseph Finley was President in 1963; William Percy served as President and 1964; Alan D. Gressel succeeded him, serving from 1965 to 1966. Source: “1957-2007: 50th Anniversary LCA—Ludlow Community Association,” 3.
 1966 Ludlow Community Association Annual Report, Shaker Library.
 Sources: John S. Diekhoff, “My Fair Ludlow,” The Educational Forum, March, 1969, Ludlow Community Association Records Series I, 1953-1972, Box 5, Folder 5, Western Reserve Historical Society; Ronald Spetrino, President of the Ludlow Community Association, to Ludlow Residents. Shaker Heights, Ohio, Ludlow Community Association Records Series I, 1953-1972, Box 5, Folder 5, Western Reserve Historical Society; “1957-2007: 50th Anniversary LCA—Ludlow Community Association,” 3-4, Ludlow Community Association Records Series I, 1953-1972, Box 5, Folder 5; Western Reserve Historical Society.
The Worlds of Ludlow. Report. Shaker Heights: Ludlow Community Association, 1968, 8.
 W.C. Miller, “Shaker Housing Office Unveils Equality Policy,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 23, 1979.
 Donald DeMarco, interview by Nichole Nelson. January 8, 2015
 Donald DeMarco, interview by Nichole Nelson. January 8, 2015 and Tuthill, Linda. “Pursuing an Ideal: How Shaker Heights strives to maintain integration,” Shaker Magazine May 1985, 35 (Shaker Historical Society)
 Donald DeMarco, interview by Nichole Nelson. January 8, 2015
 Bill Lubinger, “Pro-Integrative Efforts Assessed Pattern of Segregation Unlikely to Change Study Finds,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 26, 1992.
 Terry Holthaus, “Fair Housing Leader Quits, Calling Efforts a Lost Cause,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer, June 13, 1991.
 “Communities,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer, February 12, 2002.
 Informal conversations with current Ludlow Community Association Presidents, Julie Donaldson and Mary Ann Kovach, underscore the community associations’ transition from integration in the 1950s through the 1990s to social programming in the 1990s and 2000s.
 “Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000: Geographic Area: Shaker Heights city, Ohio,” from “Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 Census of Population and Housing, Ohio.”
 I calculated the percentage of white residents by dividing the number of white residents—15,635 by the total population—28,448. I calculated the percentage of black residents by dividing the number of black residents—10,545—by the total population—28,448.
Source: “Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010—Con.,” from “Ohio: 2010—Summary Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census of Population and Housing.”
 These themes are discussed in detail in Thomas Sugrue’s The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit, Mary Pattillo’s Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril Among the Black Middle Class, and Mary Pattillo’s Black on the Block: The Politics of Race and Class in the City.
Describe your current research. What about it drew your interest?
My dissertation examines how communities that choose to intentionally racially integrate in order to increase property values can serve as potential models to achieve racial residential integration nationwide. The methods that small, suburban communities have adopted in the aftermath of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)’s missed opportunity to achieve integration during George Romney’s tenure as HUD Secretary from 1969-1973 are strategies that other communities and the federal government can emulate.
I became interested in studying racially integrated communities both as a result of my personal experience and pure coincidence. Having grown up in Levittown, New York as one of 500 black residents out of a town of approximately 50,000 people, I always wondered if my experience was normal. It wasn’t until I attended college at the University of Pennsylvania and took history courses that I learned that my hometown—Levittown—was intentionally segregated both through federal policy and real estate developer William Levitt’s reluctance to sell homes to black people. Taking classes with Thomas Sugrue piqued my interest in learning about racial residential segregation as well as integrated communities, like the communities that Morris Milgram planned and integrated.
However, when I was working on a seminar paper that informed half of my M.A. Thesis at Vanderbilt, I started on the path to my current research. Then, I was interested in studying the lives and experiences of black suburbanites who resided in white, working-class and middle-income suburbs from the 1970s through the 2000s. I wasn’t sure of many communities with this history, but I called Thomas Sugrue for advice and he made me aware of two communities with that particular history. Upon doing further research, I was surprised to learn about communities intentionally integrating, given the government, real estate industry, and white homeowners’ investment in racially segregated communities. From there, my research interests slowly shifted to their current manifestation.
Describe what you are currently teaching. How does your teaching relate to your scholarship?
I’m not currently teaching, but I had the pleasure of serving as a Teaching Assistant for David Blight’s course The Civil War & Reconstruction Era, 1845-1877 last spring. The texts that we used to teach students about Reconstruction, Redemption, and the Compromise of 1877 illuminate how, for a brief moment, there was an alternative to the rigidly defined system of white supremacy that pervades American society today, with several black men holding office and local, bi-racial governments populating the South. Although seemingly different from the history that I study, this notion of alternatives is something that I’m interested in–as someone who believes that the methods that racially integrated communities have employed to maintain diversity can serve as important alternatives to the racial residential segregation that pervades American society.
What recent or forthcoming publications are you excited about, either of your own or from other scholars?
I’m interested in reading more from Destin Jenkins, a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard, who writes about racial capitalism and post-war San Francisco. I’m also interested in reading more from Anthony Pratcher, a doctoral candidate at Penn, who writes about the relationship between taxation and the de-valuation of bodies of color in Phoenix, Arizona.
What advice do you have for graduate students preparing a dissertation project related to urban history or urban studies?
I would definitely advise graduate students to try to maintain a close working relationship with their advisor. I have been fortunate to have fantastic advisors who have been very attentive and kind with their feedback at every stage of my academic career, from Stephanie McCurry who advised me at Penn, Gary Gerstle, my advisor at Vanderbilt, and my advisor at Yale, Glenda Gilmore. They have all been fantastic and have offered invaluable feedback.
I am fortunate to have an advisor like Glenda Gilmore, who provides line edits of my dissertation chapters and is very encouraging; I would recommend seeking out an advisor who will do the same for you. As urban historians, especially twentieth century urban historians, we can often times get overwhelmed by the number of sources associated with studying our particular time period. A great advisor can help you parse out the story that you’re trying to tell.
What recommendation do you have for the profession of urban history?
When I often think of my favorite works of urban history, the classics (Sam Bass Warner, Jr., Kenneth Jackson, Thomas Sugrue, etc.) are usually written by white men. However, when I think of works of urban sociology, the works tend to be more diverse, and names like W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary Pattillo, Bruce Haynes, and Sudhir Venkatesh come to mind. Unfortunately, there are few black urban historians that come to mind, like Nathan Connolly. My perception is that Sociology seems to be more diverse than History, and given that urban history largely involves the study of people of color who reside in urban environments, it would be wonderful if the Urban History Association could take the lead on creating a pipeline to for tomorrow’s faculty of color by creating a dissertation completion grant for Black, Latinx, and Indigenous graduate students and a grant for Black, Latinx, and Indigenous junior faculty.
The Official Blog of the Urban History Association

domain: sociology


text:
Make yourself at home in one of the 81 guestrooms featuring minibars and LCD televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature bidets and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and desks.
Pamper yourself with a visit to the spa, which offers massages, body treatments, and facials. You can take advantage of recreational amenities such as a spa tub, a sauna, and a fitness center. This hotel also features wireless Internet access (surcharge), concierge services, and babysitting/childcare (surcharge).
Satisfy your appetite at the hotel's restaurant, which serves lunch and dinner, or stay in and take advantage of room service (during limited hours). Quench your thirst with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary newspapers in the lobby, dry cleaning/laundry services, and a 24-hour front desk. Event facilities at this hotel consist of conference space and meeting rooms.
Know Before You Go
- Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
- One child 3 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
- The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: EUR 2 per 24-hour period (rates may vary)
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the hotel:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 2 per person, per night, up to 5 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 14 years of age.
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Concierge Desk
- Conference Rooms
- Dry Cleaning Service
- Elevator / Lift
- Fitness Facility
- Free Breakfast
- Jacuzzi/Hot Tub
- Multilingual Staff
- Porter / Bellhop
- Room Service
- Steam Room
(+) = Additional fees may apply for the use of these amenities.
(*) = Free, some restrictions may apply

domain: travel


text:
Thousands of Coloradans find smart thermostats locked due to 'energy emergency'
A power company executive said it is a "voluntary program" and that this is the first time in the company's history that customers have been unable to override their thermostats.
Thousands of Colorado residents were unable to control the temperature of their homes after they were locked out of their smart thermostats due to an "energy emergency."
Xcel Energy customers in Pueblo, Colorado who opted into the company's AC Rewards program, which offers a $100 enrollment bill credit and $25 annually, received a notification last week that they were locked out of temperature controls.
"It's a voluntary program. Let's remember that this is something that customers choose to be a part of based on the incentives," Xcel executive Emmett Romine told local ABC 7 Denver. The company confirmed that 22,000 customers were locked out of their smart thermostats for several hours Tuesday as temperatures climbed into the 90s.
Some customers were unable to put their thermostats below 78 degrees, while others reported that their homes reached temperatures as high as 88.
Romine said this is the first time in the program's history that customers were unable to override their thermostats. He said the "energy emergency" was caused by an unexpected outage in Pueblo along with the heat and heavy air conditioner usage.
Just News, No Noise
- Top Republican on House Ways and Means urges colleagues to aim for a short-term spending bill
- Country singer John Rich announces alternative to liberal, cancel culture banks - 'Old Glory Bank'
- FBI agent's testimony implicates headquarters brass in social media censorship
- Rep. James Comer flips Democrat 'quid pro quo' impeachment argument on to Joe Biden
- Trump lawyer makes court plea that former president should have immunity in Jan. 6 lawsuits

domain: news


Agricultural plot for sale with an area of 28.7 ares – Investment – Prince Józef – Zwierzyniec
The Zwierzyniec district is the western part of the city, with low buildings, which along with recreational areas ensures high comfort of living. For people who need to move efficiently, direct access to the A4 motorway junction will be an additional convenience. There is total peace and quiet here. If you want to live in a cozy neighborhood with great access to the city center, this place is for you! Great communication, bus terminus very close, kindergarten, shops in the neighborhood. Excellent areas for walking and cycling. Right next to Wolski Forest, Decius Park, ZOO and many other picturesque green areas rich in bike paths, walking and playgrounds. Journey to the center of Krakow takes 15 minutes. A similar distance to the Krakow-Balice airport. Right next to numerous shops, restaurants, supermarkets and service outlets.
The offered plot is located in a very attractive place. The plot is intended for the investor. After changing the purpose of the plot, the property will gain a triple value. Study of conditions – in progress. For those interested, it is also possible to buy 1.5 ha of agricultural plot, which is next to the one offered.
PRICE: 387 450 PLN
I heartily recommend and invite you to the presentation of the property.
796 795 039 d
Detailed information about the offer and real estate not published on the Internet portals can be found at:
We also offer a free credit counseling service allowing to obtain a mortgage on preferential terms. Feel free to contact us via the form available on the website.


Grinding in Ball Mills: Modeling and Process Control
What is ball mill process control?Learn More
Introduction To Ball Mill Grinding Process | Crusher Mills ...
Ball mill Introduction: Ball mill is the key equipment for grinding after the crush process, and it is widely used in the manufacture industries, such as cement … feldspar grinding ball mill, PROCESS ADVANTAGES,BALL MILL …Learn More
Ball Milling - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
1 Introduction The ball-milling process is common in grinding machines as well as in reactors where various functional materials can be created by mechanochemical synthesis. A simple milling process reduces both CO 2 generation and energy consumption during materials production.Learn More
introduction on process of ball mill
introduction on process of ball mill For each project scheme design, we will use professional knowledge to help you, carefully listen to your demands, respect your opinions, and use our professional teams and exert our greatest efforts to create a more suitable project scheme for you and realize the project investment value and profit more quickly.Learn More
Ball mill - Wikipedia
A ball mill is a type of grinder used to grind or blend materials for use in mineral dressing processes, paints, pyrotechnics, ceramics, and selective laser sintering. It works on the principle of impact and attrition: size reduction is done by impact as the balls drop from near the top of the shell. A ball mill consists of a hollow cylindrical shell rotating about its axis.Learn More
Practical 1 : Ball Milling | TF Lab 1
Dec 23, 2013 · Practical 1: Title: Ball Milling Objective: To grind the coarse salt to a smaller size by using a ball mill and to obtain the particle size distribution of the initial and the sieved final mixture. Introduction: 'Ball milling is a method used to break down the solids to smaller sizes or into a powder. A…Learn More
Grinding in Ball Mills: Modeling and Process Control
Keywords: Ball mills, grinding circuit, process control. I. Introduction Grinding in ball mills is an important technological process applied to reduce the size of particles which may have different nature and a wide diversity of physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Typical examples are the various ores, minerals, limestone, etc. The applications of ball mills are ubiquitous in mineralLearn More
AMIT 135: Lesson 7 Ball Mills & Circuits – Mining Mill ...
In ball mills, steel balls or hard pebbles to break particle based on impact and attrition. A rotating mill charged with media and ore is lifted against the inside perimeter. Some of the media falls and impacts the ore particles at the bottom of the mill. The rest of the media cascades and, in the process, creates particle breakage by attrition.Learn More
Ball Mills - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Ball mills are commonly used for crushing and grinding the materials into an extremely fine form. The ball mill contains a hollow cylindrical shell that rotates about its axis. This cylinder is filled with balls that are made of stainless steel or rubber to the material contained in it.Learn More
Ball Mill: Operating principles, components, Uses, Advantages and
A ball mill also known as pebble mill or tumbling mill is a milling machine that consists of a hallow cylinder containing balls; mounted on a metallic frame such that it can be rotated along its longitudinal axis. The balls which could be of different diameter occupy 30 – 50 % of the mill volume and its size depends on the feed and mill size.Learn More
(PDF) Grinding in Ball Mills: Modeling and Process Control
process control in industrial ball mills remains an open problem motivating future research activities and comprehensive studies [2, 19, 26, 27, 48]. We shall conclude this section by mentioning ...Learn More
Advanced Controller for Grinding Mills: Results from a Ball ...
ore per day in six overflow ball mills. The concentrate is transported to a smelter a few miles away. The crushed ore from primary and secondary ores is conveyed into bins. The ore from the bins is fed into the ball mill using a conveyor belt. The ball mill grinding circuit is illustrated in Figure 2. % Solids 78.9 Circulating Load 474% Advance ...Learn More
Introduction Introduction On Process Of Ball Mill
Introduction On Process Of Ball Mill. Ball MillThe ball mill is a tumbling mill that uses steel balls as the grinding media The length of the cylindrical shell is usually 1 15 times the shell diameter Figure 811The feed can be dry with less than 3 moisture to minimize ball coating or slurry containing 20 40Ball MillsBall Rod Mills based on 4 liners and capacity varying as 26 power of mill ...Learn More
introduction to ball mill grinding reunion
introduction to ball mill grinding reunion. 20201128ensp enspGrinding Ball Market by Type Forged Steel Cast Steel Application Mining Industry Thermal Power Plant Cement Industry Others Global Industry Analysis amp Forecast to 2025The Grinding Ball Market has encountered significant development over the recent years and is anticipated to grow tremendously over the forecast period Grinding Ball ...Learn More
How Ball Mills Work (Engineering and Mining) - YouTube
Learn how a ball mill works, all of its main parts and some of its design features! This 3D animated video allows you to see all the internal parts of a ball...Learn More
introduction to ball mill
Ball Mill SlideShare. Nov 18, 2008 Introduction Ball mill is an efficient tool for grinding many materials into fine powder. The ball mill is used to grind many kinds of row materials. There are two ways of grinding: the dry process and the wet process.Learn More
(PDF) DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL- METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION . Ball mills are widely ... A motor driven rotor is used to accelerate the grinding media and the milling process is realized due to the ball to ball/rotor/wall impacts as their ...Learn More
Lab Report 1 and 2: PRACTICAL 1 : BALL MILLING
Dec 28, 2013 · 2. The various sizes of metal balls were put into the mill. 3. The coarse sugar was added into the mill. 4. The milling process was started for 15-20 minutes with the appropriate speed. 5. The product was weighed again. 6.The powder then was sieved using sieve nest. 7. A graph of distribution size particle was plotted.Learn More
Ball Mills - Mineral Processing & Metallurgy
Metallurgical ContentBall Mill Capacity VS Rod Mill CapacityWorking Principle & OperationRod Mill Capacity TableBall VS Rod Mill ConversionTypes of Mill DischargeBall Mill Trunnion and Mill Grate DischargePeripheral Grinding Mill DischargeLoad Capacity of Trunnion BearingsBall Mill & Rod Mill LinersGrinding Mill GearsGrinding Mill DrivesBall Mill Grinding CircuitBall Mill SpecificationsAll ...Learn More
Ball Mill Maintenance & Installation Procedure
Metallurgical ContentBall Mill Maintenance ManualOn Mill Installation and MaintenanceBall Mill Concrete FoundationsGrinding Mill FOUNDATIONGROUTINGBall Mill Sole Plate Am sure your Ball Mill is considered the finest possible grinding mill available. As such you will find it is designed and constructed according to heavy duty specifications. It is designed along sound engineering principles ...Learn More
Ball mill introduction video - YouTube
we have ball mills both dry type(used in cement grinding plant) and wet type(ore-dressing plant), pls kindly contact me if have any requirments, thank youLearn More
Ball Mill - SlideShare
Nov 18, 2008 · We discuss the types of ball mill, the basic principles of the ball mill, how it works, the details of design including equations for optimum dimensions in all cases, some manufacturers for the ball mill, and estimation of the cost the ball mill. 6. 1. Introduction Ball mill is an efficient tool for grinding many materials into fine powder.Learn More
Ball mill,Ball Mill Manufacturer, Ball Mill For Sale, Ball ...
Ball Mill Introduction. Ball mill is an efficient tool for grinding many materials into fine powder. The Ball Mill is used to grind many kinds of mine and other materials, or to select the mine, widely used in beneficiation industry, chemical industry, etc. There are two ways of grinding: the dry process and the wet process.Learn More
Grinding in Ball Mills: Modeling and Process Control in ...
Experimental Investigation on a Grinding Rate Constant of Solid Materials by a Ball Mill - Effect of Ball Diameter and Feed Size. - Powder Technology, Vol. 143/144, 2004, 196-203. 29. Kotake , N., M. Kuboki, S. Kiya, Y. Kanda. Influence of Dry and Wet Grinding Conditions on Fineness and Shape of Particle Size Distribution of Product in a Ball Mill.Learn More
Investigating the effect of production process of ball mill ...
Summary Chocolate compound was produced using ball mill refiner, and the effect of agitator shaft speed and refining time on the physical quality parameters (particle size, colour and steady-state rheology) of compound chocolate was determined using response surface methodology. The shaft speed and refining time range were selected between 40–60 r.p.m. and 10–30 min, respectively ...Learn More
Dal Mill Project Report (Toor), Dal Mill Cost, Subsidy | Agri ...
Feb 21, 2020 · A guide to Toor Dal Mill Business. There has been a continuous demand from the entrepreneurs and consumers for a small-scale mill of about 300 kg per hour capacity, which can process all pulses including minor pulses.The versatile dal millis designed to process different types of pulses including minor ones.Learn More
Ball milling: a green technology for the preparation and ...
The ball mill Ball milling is a mechanical technique widely used to grind powders into fine particles and blend materials. 18 Being an environmentally-friendly, cost-effective technique, it has found wide application in industry all over the world. Since this mini-review mainly focuses on the conditions applied for the preparation and ...Learn More
Pharmaceutical Technology: BALL MILLING
Dec 26, 2013 · A ball mill is a type of grinder.It is a cylindrical device used in grinding or mixing materials like ores, chemicals, ceramic raw materials and paints.Ball mills rotate around a horizontal axis, partially filled with the material to be ground plus the grinding medium.Learn More
Introduction and advantages of ball mill_The NIle Machinery ...
Introduction and advantages of ball mill The ball mill pulverizes the material by continuous impact and rolling grinding during the simplification of the material. According to the filling rate of the steel balls in the mill, it is divided into a self-grinding machine and a semi-autogenous grinding machine.Learn More
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.
This project is to design and fabricate the mini ball mill that can grind the solid state of various type of materials into nano-powder. The cylindrical jar is used as a mill that would rotate the material that about to be ground, a motor is used to power the system so that the jar can rotate in high speed and using the regulator controls the speed of the rotation of the jar.Learn More
Variables in Ball Mill Operation | Paul O. Abbe®
Ball mill operation is often regarded as something of a mystery for several reasons. Ball milling is not an art - it’s just physics. The first problem will ball mills is that we cannot see what is occurring in the mill. The other problem is that many of the independent variables are non-linear or have paradoxical effects on the end results.Learn More
introduction of ball mill pdf - Braaijacks
Milling parameters. Introduction. Mechanochemistry using ball mills is a promising tech- nique with appliions in organic and inorganic chemistry as well as material sciences [1–4]. Get Price; Grinding in Ball Mills: Modeling and Process - Semantic Scholar. in modeling and control of the grinding process in industrial ball mills.Learn More
process of sand in ball mill
process of sand in ball mill As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any size-reduction requirements including quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals.Learn More
Introduction to Milling Tools and Their Application
Introduction Milling produces 3-dimensional shapes with a rotating multi-edge cutting tool. The cutting tool can be programmed to move against a fixed workpiece in almost any direction. Milling tools remove material by their movement in the machine and from their shape.Learn More
Ball Mill - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The ball mill is a tumbling mill that uses steel balls as the grinding media. The length of the cylindrical shell is usually 1–1.5 times the shell diameter (Figure 8.11). The feed can be dry, with less than 3% moisture to minimize ball coating, or slurry containing 20–40% water by weight.Learn More


Guest post by Leo Igwe.
Muhammadu Buhari promised to address, if elected to the office of the president, the widespread insecurity occasioned by Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria. Now he has been elected and sworn in as the president of the country, will he do that? I want to quickly point out that it would be a grave mistake if Buhari reduces the problem of insecurity in Northern Nigeria to the Boko Haram uprising. No it is not. Insecurity in Northern Nigeria is more than the violent campaign of these Islamic militants. Boko Haram is an offshoot of a vicious ideology that is pervasive in the region – that is radical Islam. The violent attacks by this jihadist group are just a tip of the iceberg of fanaticism and bigotry. They are the latest manifestations of the sinister infestation of radical Islam
So, will Buhari address the pervasive issue of Islamic extremism in Northern Nigeria? Or is he going to focus mainly on defeating Boko Haram militants in Sambisa forest when there are Boko Haramic elements across the region? Take for instance the state sponsored sharia police. There is overwhelming evidence that these sharia enforcement units in the northern states are abusing the rights of innocent citizens with impunity. They destroy the goods of traders, arrest those ‘attempting’ to perform gay marriage, and force Muslims to fast during Ramadan. Some days ago they called for the execution of blasphemers.
The leader of Hisbah, the sharia police in Kano, recently asked for capital punishment for 7 Tijjaniyya Muslims accused of blasphemy and of insulting pr. Mohammad. The leader of Hishbah, Sheikh Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa, issued a statement which reads:
After sufficient investigations against these corrupt and insensible apostates, adherents of Hakika, we have confirmed that they have insulted the prophet peace be upon him and Hishbah has began(sic) criminal proceedings against them. We have arrested some of them and we are looking for the rest for the immediate punishment of death as the Sharia, which is applicable in the State of Kano prescribes. May Allah curse whoever touches the profile of the messenger.
He further said in a message posted on his Facebook:
What these Tijjaniyya Sufis followers of Hakika did insulting the messenger is a far greater apostasy than that of the jews, Christians, Pharoah, Karun, Haman abd Abu Jahal and all other apostates walking the earth. Since the beginning of my days, investigating atrocities I have never seen one which equals this one, and this is the truth about Sufis.
A day after Sheikh Daurawa made these incendiary remarks, some Muslim youths rioted in Kano. They burnt down the house of the leader of the Tijjaniyya sect Mallam Abdul Nyass and set ablaze a local sharia court where Nyass was scheduled to appear for trial. If Mallam Nyass had appeared in court on that day, who knows what would have happened to him if they had brought him to court.
Unfortunately the Kano State government never issued a statement condemning this mindless violence and those who orchestrated it. The government and the Ulama did not express concerns over that statement which motivated the violent attacks. Sheikh Daurawa equated non-Muslims to apostates, which implied that those who professed non-Islamic faiths and beliefs were criminals. Apostasy is a crime punishable by death under sharia law.
Nobody has been arrested or is being prosecuted for arson or assault. If a Christian leader had issued such a statement calling Muslims apostates, some would have branded him an ‘’islamophobe’’.
There has been no pronouncement from the Emir of Kano, Muhammadu Sanusi 11, denouncing the abusive and criminal activities of the sharia police command in his Emirate. Why is the Emir of Kano silent over these unconstitutional activities of the group? What is he doing to stem the recklessness of the sharia police in his constituency? Is poverty responsible for the recent riots in Kano?
Meanwhile, nobody knows the fate of the sect leader of the Tijjaniyya, Malam Nyass. Will he ever be tried in a court of law that respects his right to freedom of expression? Or is he going to languish in detention?
I mean this is the same pattern of reacting and dealing with religious violence in Northern Nigeria. Victims are blamed or detained for their own safety while the perpetrators go scot-free. Nothing is done to bring to justice Muslim fanatics who kill, maim, or damage other people’s property in the name of Islam. This is definitely the trend that gave rise to Boko Haram.
President Muhammadu Buhari must do more to root it radical Islam and the sharia formations in Northern Nigeria. He must take urgent measures to protect the rights of Nigerians, both Muslims and non-Muslims, to freedom of speech, religion and belief as contained in the Nigerian constitution which he has sworn to uphold.
Buhari must act to guarantee equal citizenship for all Nigerians living anywhere in Nigeria.
Nobody should be treated as a second-class citizen in Kano or in any of the Muslim-majority states because of his or her religious belief or unbelief, so the molestation, intimidation and harassment of Nigerians in the name of sharia must cease. Muslims in Kano and in other parts of Northern Nigeria are knowledgeable enough to profess and practice their faith. They do not need a moral – sharia – police paid by taxpayers’ money to tell them how to live their lives.
Buhari must tackle radical Islam before radical Islam destroys Northern Nigeria and the rest of the country.
This is part of the change that Northern Nigeria urgently needs. President Buhari, will you deliver that change?
Leave a Reply


text:
The elements of true intercession are illustrated in this parable told by Jesus. A man received a surprise visit from a friend in the middle of the night. His friend was starving but this man had no food in his house. Notice the elements involved in praying for others:
1-Urgent need: The friend was hungry and needed immediate food.
2-Willing love: The poor man loved his friend and wanted to supply his need.
3-The sense of inability: ‘I have nothing to give!'’
4-Faith in asking: ‘But I have a rich friend who will be glad to give.’
5-Persistence that prevailed: The poor man met an unexpected obstacle. The rich friend objected to being disturbed at an inconvenient time. But the same love that sent the poor man out at midnight to find bread for his hungry friend would not let him give up. He kept on asking until the rich friend gave what he asked for.
6-Certainty of a rich reward: Unlike the rich friend in the parable, God delights to answer prayer. Sometimes He delays the answer to increase our faith or we do not readily recognize the answer. But the door is always opened and the bread given.
So I say to you: Ask (and keep on asking) and it will be given to
you; seek (and keep on seeking) and you will find; knock (and keep on
knocking) and the door will be opened to you. For everyone who asks (and
keeps on asking) finds; he who seeks (and keeps on seeking) finds; and to him
who knocks (and keeps on knocking) the door will be opened.
Luke 11:9, 10, NIV, with additions from the Amplified
Time spent in prayer will yield more than that given to work. Prayer alone
gives work its worth and its success. Prayer opens the way for God Himself to do
his work in us and through us. Let our chief work as God's messengers be
intercession; in it we secure the presence and power of God to go with us.
…In the darkness of midnight, at the most unlikely time and in the
greatest need, when we have to say of those we love and care for, ‘I have
nothing to set before them,’ let us remember that we have a rich Friend in
heaven. The Everlasting God and Father only waits to be asked aright.
Andrew Murray, The Ministry of
Intercession, page 33-34.
How did God the Father speak to His Son when He became a human being? Did Jesus hear an audible voice or did He hear with the inward voice of the Holy Spirit as we do? All that we can know of this is what we read in scripture.
The Bible records three times that God spoke audibly to His son:
The third time, Jesus told the people around Him that the audible voice was for their benefit, not His (John 12:30). Evidently Jesus received as much strength from scripture and the inward voice of the Holy Spirit as when He heard His Father's audible voice.
How did Jesus daily hear His Father's voice in answer to His prayer?
In just the same way that you and I do–from reading scripture and from the inward voice of the Holy Spirit.

domain: literature


text:
As reported in The Interpreter in June (Mekong: Laos Makes an Empty Concession), Laos' agreement to review its planned 32-metre high Don Sahong dam in the far south of the country was in no sense a sign that the Government in Vientiane intended to abandon this much criticised project. A recent op-ed in Bangkok's Nation newspaper by Viraphonh Viravong, the Australian-educated vice minister of Energy and Mines, provides a firm indication of Vientiane's intention to bring the project to completion.
Viraphonh Viravong's reputation for blunt talking and a determined pursuit of the goal of making Laos a 'battery' for the production and sale of electricity to its neighbours was apparent in relation to the Xayaburi dam, now well under construction. The complex story of this dam was covered over many months in The Interpreter with the final decision to proceed blindsiding the dam's critics.
Now in his 24 October op-ed Viraphonh Viravong is talking tough again.
Taking aim at critics of the Don Sahong dam he notes, accurately, that the Mekong River Commission (MRC) cannot stop the building of dams on the Mekong no matter how much activists might want it. 'The MRC is not a building permits office', he writes.
Moreover, he claims that the Lao Government and the dam's developers are addressing issues such as dry season fish migration. Critics of the dam are concerned that it will block migration as a result of the fact that it is to be built on the one channel through which fish migrate throughout the year.
There can be no clearer sign of Laos' intentions than the final sentence of Viraphonh Viravong's op-ed: 'By now, they (activists opposing the dam) should realise that the Lao government will not be deterred from its commitment to develop clean, renewable hydropower, a source of national pride for the Lao people and a sustainable source of electricity for the region.'
Photo by Flickr user International Rivers.

domain: politics


text:
Mrs. Dipsworth’s Storytime is quite simply a unique presentation of stories and songs. Mrs. Dipsworth is a fairy godmother style character with a larger than life presence. She reads stories chosen by the teacher or librarian that align with the current theme or curriculum. Songs that compliment the story are added to enhance the overall experience for the students. The wonderful thing about this show is that the information covered is always applicable to what the students are learning; and the delivery is comparable to that which every grandmother would give. Children ages 0 through 11 have been entertained by Mrs. Dipsworth’s Storytime since 2011. School districts such as Fort Worth ISD, Irving ISD, Aledo ISD, Dallas ISD, Keller ISD and more have created extended curriculum including regular visits from Mrs. Dipsworth. Her highly interactive presentation makes her a welcome addition to any event!
After 8 years of touring and performing regularly at schools, libraries and churches throughout North Texas, our beloved Mrs. Dipsworth is heading to television! The television show will will be a highly interactive show which promotes literacy, math/counting, sound morals, and highlights a different issue that children face daily. Mrs. Dipsworth, along with her four special friends, solves them in her loving and magical way, which of course includes one of her favorite books. In spring, 2019 Mrs. Dipsworth begins airing on Iconic Creator's Network on Roku.

domain: artistic


text:
Links of London Sterling Silver Timeless Long Necklace
Item number K99M3
Dress up your daytime look with this Links Of London Sterling Silver Timeless Long Necklace.Free Gift with Purchase Offer - Spend £150 with Links of London and receive a free necklace worth RRP £90. Just add 'MRUVY' to basket. Selected lines only. While stocks last.
Timelessly modern, this stunning necklace is adorned with sterling silver cut work discs of various sizes, set on a coordinating 86cm chain.
Inspired by the face of London's Big Ben, this striking Links of London piece would make a beautiful gift idea for city girls.
Offer: LINKS OF LONDON FREE GIFT WITH PURCHASE

domain: design


text:
The signs are all around us. A change of seasons. The grass has greened and grown. Flowers and trees have exploded with blossoms of color. The cheerful singing of birds greets the dawn, serenades the day, and draws the curtain on the light as night approaches. Hibernating plants send shoots like spies into the warming air. Spring. An outrageous celebration of life!
We have been entrusted with an incredible gift, have we not? Life. And life on a planet designed for life. A planet both bold and mysterious in its myriad expressions of life. Under water and in midair, creatures magnificent and microscopic, beings bald and covered with hair, life bursts all around us and teems within us in more ways than we will ever know. And it is all in our hands. The care and preservation of it. Not only the teeny, tiny speck we personally represent, but the whole kit and kaboodle of it. We humans are guardians of the globe, stewards of the soil, watchers of the world. We are summoned to be pros at life.
There is much that makes for death in our culture. Abuse, addiction, apathy would only start off a long list. Consumption, inequality, narcissism, obsession, suicide, violence could be included too. In many ways, it is actually counterculture to be pros at life, to nurture life, promote life, support life, work for life in the midst of so much death-dealing. But when we recognize the incredible value of the gift of it, it can't be ignored. We choose to be life-giving rather than life-denying.
The date of Easter changes every year because it is linked to nature. It is the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox. It follows the signs of a changing season. It affirms indications that out of darkness comes light and beyond the cold of winter there is the warmth of spring. And it boldly proclaims that over against the death-dealing ways around us that deny life there is the promise of the Creator's resounding YES to life. As Eugene Peterson has expressed it, "God's unmanageable but irrepressible life is ever present and hidden within and around us. Unpredictably but most surely it breaks forth into our awareness from time to time. Holy, Holy, Holy. But don't expect to see it reported on the evening news." Let us resolve today to be pros at life, making life-giving choices, being an Easter people.


Satin Standard Travel Pillowcase Pair Blue
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This book is for environmentalists and for those that don't believe in 'global warming'. It's for those who had (or have) a wonderful relationship with a parent, and for those who don't. It's a book to share with your children to get them fired up about hanging out with you. It's also a book to get them fired up about saving the environment. It's really a book for just about anyone.
In 'Journey to the Edge of Eden, " Schmelz writes a memoir of a fascinating life that started in the city of Newark, NJ and ended up in a place that couldn't possibly be any different.

domain: library


Jharkhand HC notice to six MLAs in JVM-P defection case
| Friday | 29th March, 2019
He added the speaker termed the MLA’s move as merger of JVM-P with the BJP legal and rejected the petitions on February 20.
Therefore, they should stand disqualified under provisions of the 10th Schedule of the Constitution ,” said Sahay.
The MLAs have to file their reply on the issues through a counter-affidavit.”“Earlier, our petition before the speaker was that after being declared elected on the seal and symbol of JVM- P, the MLAs joined the BJP in 2015.
There are grave errors in the order.
Hearing both the petitions, justice Sujit Narayan Prasad issued notice seeking reply from the MLAs on the issues raised by the petitioners.R N Sahay, lawyer for the petitioners, said, “In our petitions, we have claimed that the speaker’s order is in violation of the constitutional mandate and also suffers from perversity.
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Atletico target Stuttgart's Kvist
July 23, 2013
By Duncan McMath
Atletico Madrid are focusing their attention on signing Stuttgart central midfielder William Kvist.
After already missing out on various midfielders this summer, including Diego and Jeremy Toulalan, the Spanish club have made the Denmark international their top priority.


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By Cassandra Pollock, The Texas Tribune Nov. 4, 2020
“State Rep. Dade Phelan says he has votes to become speaker of Texas House” was first published by The Texas Tribune, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media organization that informs Texans — and engages with them — about public policy, politics, government and statewide issues.
Sign up for The Brief, our daily newsletter that keeps readers up to speed on the most essential Texas news.
State Rep. Dade Phelan, R-Beaumont, announced Wednesday he has the votes needed to become the next speaker of the Texas House and soon after released a bipartisan list of 83 members supporting his candidacy. That number, should it hold, is more than enough votes for Phelan to win the gavel when the Legislature convenes in January.
But Phelan’s main competitor for the speakership, state Rep. Trent Ashby, R-Lufkin, indicated in a statement he was not backing down from the race and said the GOP caucus should meet, per its bylaws, to “vote to back a candidate … as soon as possible.”
The news comes hours after the GOP maintained its majority over the lower chamber, fending off a well-funded challenge from Democrats who had hoped to flip the House for the first time in nearly two decades.
“The race is over,” Phelan said at a noon press conference at the Texas Capitol, saying he has a “supermajority of the Republican caucus” and a “broad coalition of support” from Democrats. A candidate needs a majority of the 150-member chamber in order to win the gavel and preside over the House.
As election results came in Tuesday, the eight-candidate field for speaker — four Democrats and four Republicans — seemed to consolidate into two camps: a group supporting Phelan and another backing Ashby. Both candidates filed for the gavel in recent days as the race quickly escalated heading into Election Day.
On Tuesday night, one Republican in the race, state Rep. Geanie Morrison of Victoria, announced she was backing Ashby for the job. And on Wednesday morning, another Republican in the race, Chris Paddie of Marshall, announced he was supporting Phelan.
“[Tuesday] night … was a very long, long process — and now it’s time to heal,” Phelan said at the press conference. “The work of the 150 members coming together to serve Texas begins today.”
Phelan, who has served in the House since 2015, is chair of the powerful House State Affairs Committee. He was a top lieutenant of House Speaker Dennis Bonnen, a Republican who will retire at the end of his term thanks to a political scandal last summer. Ashby, meanwhile, has served in the lower chamber since 2013 and was among the 10 House Republicans on a political target list that prompted Bonnen’s fallout.
Phelan’s list of supporters released Wednesday consisted of about 50 Republicans and roughly 30 Democrats.
State Rep. Giovanni Capriglione, a Southlake Republican who chairs the budget-writing House Appropriations Committee, was on the list. And a number of high-profile Democrats, including some who were running for speaker heading into Election Day, were also among Phelan’s supporters: state Rep. Senfronia Thompson of Houston, the longest-serving woman and Black person in the Legislature’s history; state Rep. Joe Moody of El Paso, speaker pro tempore; and state Rep. Rafael Anchia of Dallas, chair of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus.
Ashby said in a statement after Phelan’s news conference that while he had “not yet seen Chairman Phelan’s list, support for my candidacy has continued to grow over the last 24 hours.”
Ashby also stressed a desire for the GOP caucus to meet and consider reforms to the House’s governing process and vote on a speaker candidate, citing the group’s bylaws to select a leader within the bloc. Ashby’s request tapped into a sentiment some Republicans who were critical of how Bonnen won the gavel in 2018 have expressed: House Republicans should elect the next speaker as transparently as possible.
The House will officially elect a speaker on the first day of the legislative session in January.

This article originally appeared in The Texas Tribune at https://www.texastribune.org/2020/11/04/texas-house-speaker-dade-phelan/.

<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2020/11/04/texas-house-speaker-dade-phelan/">


Sam Bailey has announced she is expecting a baby girl.
The X Factor winner took to Twitter to break the exciting news today, and share her and her hubby's pride.
She wrote: "Me and Craig are proud to announce we are having a little girl... A special thank you to @miracleprogress xxxx (sic)."
X Factor baby time! We are so excited.
But it appears Sam's five-year-old son Tommy was hoping for a baby brother rather than another sister.
Sam, 36, who also has eight-year-old daughter Brooke, posted a picture of Tommy with a grumpy expression, which was accompanied with the caption: "Tommy not so pleased that he is having a baby sister!!! Lol (sic)".
The former prison officer found out she was pregnant last month after taking a test in an ASDA supermarket while her husband Craig, 40, was off doing the food shopping.
She said previously: "I went and did it in the toilet while he was getting all the food. I came out and went, 'Yep - I'm pregnant'. It wasn't planned."
Meanwhile, the songbird has been forced to delay her tour, which was planned for October, and was initially worried her management would be disappointed by the news.
She said: "When I got into the car I was really upset because I thought I'd let everyone at my management and the record label down.
"But they were really good about it. I was going to go on tour solo at the end of October - but I have to move it until January."


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Emirates Aluminium (Emal) has selected General Electric to supply US$500 million (Dh1.8 billion) worth of power equipment for the facility.
General Electric to equip Emal smelter
Emirates Aluminium (Emal), which is building the world's largest aluminium smelter at Taweelah, said yesterday it had selected General Electric to supply US$500 million (Dh1.8 billion) worth of power generation equipment for the facility. The $5.6bn smelter, which will produce 700,000 tonnes of aluminium a year when the first stage is completed in 2010, will be powered by a 2,000-megawatt natural gas-fired power plant.
Aluminium smelting is very energy intensive and smelters have been planned across the region to take advantage of cheap natural gas supplies. Duncan Hedditch, the Emal chief executive, was unavailable for comment yesterday, but has said that Emal has been guaranteed gas supplies for 30 years. The deal comes just a week after the Mubadala Development Company, an Abu Dhabi Government investment fund that owns half of Emal, signed its own $8bn high-profile deal with GE.
Emal's order for GE's turbines, however, was concluded separately from the larger relationship between the two companies, said Yousuf Bastaki, the project director for the smelter. "We are a very independent company," he said. "The deal with GE started a long way ahead of the Mubadala-GE partnership." Mr Bastaki said construction of foundations at the site was progressing steadily, and the company would announce contracts for the smelter's pots and supporting structures one of the most expensive parts of the facility in as little as two weeks. Emal awarded a $200m contract for gas treatment facilities, which will scrub the smelter's emissions of harmful pollutants, to Alstom, a French company.
Mr Bastaki said the company would start construction of the facility's steel structure in September. By early next year, 10,000 workers will be on the site, located in the Khalifa Industrial Zone adjacent to a planned petrochemical complex and the future site of the emirate's main deepwater port. @Email:firstname.lastname@example.org

domain: finance


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Have you ever been in the middle of a long commute, wishing your car was more comfortable and fashionable? You spend a lot of time in your car – you want it to match your personality! While you an buy some of these projects at a store, they often won’t have the colors and designs that fit you. There are many DIY projects that can be done in an afternoon to make the interior of your car more interesting and more functional. Try one or all of these crafts to decorate your vehicle!
Bedazzled Car Interior
Jazz up your radio and center console with some rhinestones! Using glue and Swarovski rhinestones in your favorite colors you can create any design you please. Rhinestones can be added to anywhere inside the car, including the rearview mirror, shift, and vanity mirror. Rhinestones add a little sparkle and personality to your car. And if one falls off, just glue another back on!
Steering Wheel Cover
For a more comfortable drive create a DIY cushioned steering wheel cover! These can be made of fabric, yarn, or just covered in fashion duct tape. If you’re not very confident in your crafting skills, you can purchase a premade steering wheel cover and customize it. These covers can also keep the wheel cool when under the direct sunlight. A custom steering wheel cover sets your car about and gives you a comfortable grip on long drives.
Back of Seat Organizer
Cars never seem to have enough storage. For families with kids, toys and snacks can end up all over the back seat. Make some quick back of seat organizers to keep everything in order. All you need is fabric in your favorite color or pattern and a sewing machine. You can choose fabric to match your car’s interior, or your kids’ favorite patterns or characters! There are many tutorials online to learn how to make a stylish and functional back seat organizer to keep your car clean and tidy.
Hanging Bead Chain
Place a favorite pendant or rosary on your rearview mirror! Make a beautiful linked bead chain to reflect the light and create a beautiful swinging effect while you drive. These beaded chains are quite simple to make once you purchase wire and glass beads. A necklace bead chain is an elegant way to personalize your car and make your ride more pleasant.
With these projects, it’s easy to make your car feel more comfortable – and like you!


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Mary Caskey is an associate program director for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — Education (SNAP-Ed). She oversees the staff in greater Minnesota who promote healthy lifestyles and help low-income Minnesotans make the best food choices to feed their families within a limited budget. Mary's work in Extension also focuses on providing trainings to school foodservice professionals to increase their nutrition knowledge base and to improve the nutritional quality of school meals served to Minnesota students. Mary has been with Extension since 1998 and has worked in the field of nutrition for over 30 years in a variety of programs targeting low-income audiences.
Mary earned a master's degree in Education from the University of Minnesota — Duluth and is a licensed dietitian.
Areas of focus: nutrition, school foodservice, curriculum development

domain: food


HBO’s drama pilot Da Brick will not be going forward. The pay cable network just passed on the project, executive produced by Spike Lee, John Ridley, Doug Ellin and Mike Tyson. Written by Ridley and directed by Lee, Da Brick was inspired in part by Tyson’s youth and explored what it means to be a young, black man in supposedly post-racial America. The central character of troubled aspiring young boxer Donnie was played by newcomer John Boyega. Ellin, Ridley, Lee, Tyson and Jim Lefkowitz executive produced. The move comes on the heels of HBO also opting not to go forward with Ellin’s comedy pilot 40.
HBO Passes On Drama Pilot 'Da Brick'
Trending Now on Deadline
'Dancing With The Stars' Finale Ratings Hit 4-Season High, 'The Voice' Down, 'Flash' & 'Mindy Project' Even
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FCPS (Neurology), MBBS
MBBS, FCPS (Rehabilitation Medicine), DCN (Neurology), DRCP (London)
MBBS (KE), DCN (Aus), FCPS (Neurology)
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Electronystagmography is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system.
Neurologists are trained to treat ailments of the brain, spinal cord, cerebrovascular illnesses, nerves and muscles. Study of neurology is a vast one and there are over 500 neurolo
With a rise in the senior population, and the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative conditions, retaining full cognitive function has never been more i
Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disorder in which the nervous system attacks the protective coverings (myelin) of nerve fibers. This distorts communication between the
Spontaneous panic attacks, perpetual stress, a rapid heartbeat, profuse sweating, and unrealistic worries are only some of the things that a person with anxiety disorder suffers th

domain: health


During these last few months, cyber security analysts and cyber research companies have been giving out precautions about the continuing increase in malware attacks, specifically Emotet.
U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency has issued warning as well that it’s considered a huge growth in focused malware attacks using Emotet.
In its short history, Emotet started its life as a banking Trojan more than 4-years ago, its ever-malicious makers have religiously introduced additional functionalities, together with the development of the malware into a dropper – so that it can be used to inject extra malicious code on endpoints that it has infected, as well as giving it the ability to scrape victims’ PCs for personal and sensitive information.
These hackers are leveraging International fear and panic to further their agenda and spread the malware. And this time, they have the CoronaVirus as their catalyst. One major instance was just reported when a tech company managed to detect several malicious emails from Japan that were disguised as government welfare information.
The email contained alleged reports of infected patients in several regions of Japan, including Osaka, Gifu, and Tottori. The emails were so convincing that they looked almost exactly the same as official Japanese government correspondences, complete with agency addresses, phone numbers, even legit email addresses, which makes it very efficient.
Just one unsuspecting victim or PC user is enough to help spread the malware into other user machines, worse, on the network. According to several other security firms, the email message contained a variety of files within. Aside from a Word file, there’s the .mp4 and even .pdf format. Each unique file has claimed to have instructions and details regarding the CoronaVirus – from its birth, countries affected, number of confirmed cases, fatalities, detection, and even up-to-date information from world health authorities.
Once Emotet has been downloaded, it uses the infected machine to ship out additional phishing emails and junk mail in an effort to grow the botnet, according to recent reports from security analysts.
These hackers have efficiently utilized emails about current events and worldwide concerns to unravel and spread the malware as well. Just last year, around September, attackers used phishing emails that claimed to include a model of Edward Snowden’s memoir, which was released a couple of weeks ago, in an attached MS-Word file. Once downloaded, malicious macros in the document brought on a PowerShell command, which then downloaded Emotet malware onto the infected system.


The 18-year-old Afghan sitting as the three alleged accomplices in custody. Preparatory measures had already been initiated, is it of the government of the upper Palatinate.
After the beating attack of Amberg, the government of the upper Palatinate is preparing the deportation of the four suspects. The 18-year-old Afghan was enforceable required to leave the country, preparatory measures for the deportation had already been initiated, said the authority.
The asylum application of refugee was rejected, according to the government, from the Federal office for Migration and refugees (Bamf), a lawsuit against it before the administrative courts failed.
The 18-Year-old is one of four suspects from Afghanistan and Iran, which are supposed to have attacked on the last weekend of December, in the upper Palatinate Amberg, apparently indiscriminately twelve passers-by. You dangerous body is accused of a violation. All four are still sitting in detention. One of them is already since February, 2018 obliged to leave the country, deportation is the Bavarian Ministry of the interior that are currently not possible.
The suspects are, according to initial findings, between 17 and 19 years of age and should be drunk at the time of the crime. The investigations continue, according to the district attorney's office.