The Beatles in 1965
The Beatles are considered the most successful band of all time. And the story of their rise to fame is legend. But what if The Beatles were just starting today? Would they still be discovered and become the phenomenal success they were and are. With their talents, yes probably, but it would require a very different path.
It was over 60 years ago when The Beatles played their first gig as a band, albeit without Ringo at the time. They went on from there to release over 200 songs, 12 UK studio albums (17 in the US), 6 live albums, 54 compilation albums, 36 extended plays (EP’s) and 17 box sets. And from that they had 20 number 1 hits – the most of all time, 34 top 10 hits on the Billboard chart, with total earnings topping $1 billion. So far, no band or artist has come close to that record. They were definitely the “Fab Four”.
But back to the question of whether the Beatles would be discovered if they were just starting now and how would things be different.
Massive advancements in recording technology and music distribution
Music tastes have changed, but that aside, the music industry structure is a different world now, thanks largely to the creation of the internet and advancements in recording technology. The phenomenal advancements in recording equipment and audio recording software have dramatically enhanced the ability to create professional quality music soundtracks while slashing the cost of production. It doesn’t cost a fortune to setup a home recording studio. This has opened the door to more beginning artist to create and release tracks, and it has totally changed the game for independent artist.
The Beatles transported from the 1960’s to today’s modern recording studios would be astonished at the technology now available to virtually any artist, not just those signed with a label. And they would be surprised at how relatively low the cost is for quality production.
Record labels ruled back when The Beatles started, and labels are certainly still very important and a major force today, but there are music artists now making it by a different formula that wasn’t available in The Beatles era. The internet has changed everything in the music industry. Social media and music streaming have also changed the game. Anyone can now release their music to the world by way of the internet. Of course, it takes some savvy marketing and resources to actually get wide distribution and lots of listeners for songs released on internet platforms and websites, but it is possible and it happens. This has lead to the rise of independent artist.
New or independent music artists can become successful on the internet without a label, at least initially, and without tons of cash. We can thank platforms like YouTube, Spotify and SoundCloud for that. The U.S. recording artist Shannon (whose full name is Shannon Burchett) is one of those successful and rapidly rising independents. Perchance he somewhat resembles McCartney and a few of his songs have a Beatles vibe, such as his hit single “Nirvana“. Still a teenager, he has relied on emotional vocals and lyrics that carry deep themes that seem to be of the style of the Lennon/McCartney writing.
Shannon, the U.S. singer, songwriter and recording artist
There’s been an additional factor in his sudden rise in popularity that has had a cost. Like any artist who’s going to make it on skills as a musician, it requires a very early start to hit the optimal 15 to 23 age window to breakout to stardom. Shannon’s skills on the guitar and piano that have driven the popularity of his songs, such as the recent album “Lucky” and his single “Alright“, are the result of his beginning music training at 5-years old. That’s a long road to fame. But it was the same with Justin Bieber.
Other artists like Billie Eilish have also risen to immense popularity by first going the route of recording in a home studio (with her brother Finneas) and then going viral on the internet with her song “Ocean Eyes” on SoundCloud. Post Malone emerged from obscurity as a SoundCloud rapper to become a bona fide star after his 2015 release of “White Iverson” which went viral.
A Crowded Field
With these fundamental changes to the industry, music is a much more crowded field today for performers than even 20 years ago, and certainly more so than when the Beatles began 60 years ago. Consider that SoundCloud has over 30 million music artists and producers active on their platform. And Spotify has about 8 million artists with music there. And Apple Music boasts 50 million songs in its catalog and paid royalties to 5 million artists in 2020. Competition for recognition is intense. How does one breakout of such a massive crowd? It’s a daunting task. And keep in mind that the top 1% of artists get 90% of music streams.
Popular vs. Superstars
So what does it take in this current music world to break into the stratosphere of superstar status. Having a lot of money would of course help. Or a lot of musical talent and songwriting skills. Or great looks. And the right contacts. Oh, and an immense amount of luck; as in win-the-lottery sort of luck. Preferably, all of the above. But thanks to technology and internet distribution and marketing, it’s not a lost cause for artists who may be short on some of the items in that list.
There will never be another group just like The Beatles. John, Paul, George and Ringo were all special, and together as The Beatles were something unique, that emerged in a unique time. They had more than just devoted fans. They had a near cult following. Since then we’ve had big stars like Justin Bieber, One Direction, and Drake. But where are, and who are (or should be) the next Beatles superstars and will they actually be discovered in this new world of music? Is it an artist with a Post Malone sound, or the new wave vibe of Shannon, or a new heartthrob like Justin Bieber? It will be interesting to watch!


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The Delhi population is getting infected with the bird fanciers’ lung (BFL), also known as bird breeder’s lung disease, thanks to the increased number of pigeons in the city. The pigeons are fed on many crossings of the road and are creating a menace throughout the city.
A person is more likely to contract the disease if they feed birds or are exposed to their excreta at work or home. Due to repeated exposure to airborne avian antigens, bird breeder’s lung disease is an immunologically mediated lung condition. The knowledge of this disease and diagnostic instruments including the CT scan, pulmonary function testing machine, and bronchoscopic procedures are diagnosing pigeons as a cause, according to specialists.
This particular kind of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is brought on by exposure to highly antigenic avian proteins excreted in bird droppings and waxy proteins covering a variety of birds’ feathers (bloom), which cause a hypersensitive reaction in a susceptible host. Although being one of the most widespread varieties of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, it frequently goes undiagnosed.
Some of the symptoms include coughing fits and lung diseases include fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. Due to repeated exposure to airborne avian antigens, bird breeder’s lung disease is an immunologically mediated lung condition. Some of the symptoms include coughing fits and lung diseases include fever, coughing, and shortness of breath.
According to a study published in 2017 in Indian Pediatrics (IP), the official journal of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP), children are more likely to contract pigeon breeders’ disease when they live near a backyard chicken or pigeon breeding operation.
It can lead to extremely serious, incapacitating conditions like hypertension and pneumonitis, which can result in interstitial lung disease or fibrotic lung disease. Doctors inquire specifically about the patient’s location and whether they keep birds at home if they are bird watchers.

domain: medical


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No More Idols - Wikipedia
All the singles and albums of CHASE & STATUS, peak chart positions, career stats, Date, Title, Artist, Peak Pos, WoC CHASE & STATUS FT LIAM BAILEY. Chase and Status say they refuse to 'chase singles' despite poppier work with Craig David and Emeli Sandé on new album Tribe. CHASE AND STATUS with special guests Netsky Live, Pusha T and Moko Date: Saturday 9th November ; Doors Open: pm; Pricing: £ Current single Count On Me featuring Moko, is released on 29th September. Saul Milton.
And with album number three just around the corner, there is just no letting up yet. We had a chat with Saul to find out how the pair have been celebrating their decade together and just what presents will be waiting for us in the very near future. You headlined one of the most prestigious dance stages in festival season on The Other Stage and held a surprise DJ set at Arcadia during Glastonbury this year. How was the festival for you? We had a kind of vision and a little dream and when that happens it's more surreal than anything.
We had to have in-ears in so it was quite quiet on stage, we were quite removed from it all. We were just getting on with it really and more concerned about it being good.
Blind Faith (Chase & Status song)
It was great looking back on it, the visuals were fantastic and we are really pleased with the stage show and how everything sounded. Afterwards, we did a DJ set at Arcadia and Skrillex jumped on back to back with us for the last half an hour. It was a long day but an exciting one. Looking back what have been the highlights of your career so far other than Glastonbury?
- Chase & Status discography
- Tribe [Explicit]
- Stockport band Blossoms release new single with Chase and Status - and it's a banger
The fact of having tunes released and having EZ play them on Kiss on a Saturday was pretty phenomenal. The first time we played at The End for RAM Records, and signing to RAM, was the real pinnacle of our career, then writing the first album and getting signed to a major. Being woken up by a phone call from Rihanna saying, 'do you want to do some tunes with us? There are so many moment and recalling them now it does sound quite impressive, and it is pretty incredible I guess but you just get on with it man and you are always thinking about the next day and the next thing to do.
Never rest on your laurels. We're always looking to improve and see how things could be better, and hopefully we can achieve that. And we are really harping back to where we are from. So there are the '90s and the hardcore influences, The Prodigy influences, the '90s East Coast hip-hop influences, all the way to the rude boys when we were going down to Bagleys to One Nation and going down to The End, and you know that whole kind of era.
Back in December, Ben Pearce's 'What I Might Do' became a late contender for house track of the year, incorporating all the simple yet effective foundations of dance to create a bass laden hit drenched in soul.
Formerly a promoter, Pearce has moved to the other side of the dance world and will be playing a string of festival dates this summer, catch him before he takes over. Whether you're a die hard fan or see it as another forgettable sub-genre, there's no denying Hudson Mohawke and Lunice, otherwise known as TNGHT officially brought the 'trap' movement to the masses on their self titled debut EP last year.
Infusing hip hop inspired instrumentals with gargantuan beats, this duo are leaders in their field, with their first full length being one of the most anticipated records of the year. Formerly a regular addition to the playlists of night-time specialist DJ's, has seen Duke Dumont make the seamless transition into the mainstream. In the wake of his breakthrough, Dumont real name Adam Dyment has no intention of slowing down, putting out a string of incredible remixes over the last few months.
Count On Me (Chase & Status song) - Wikipedia
As far as debut singles go, Chris Malinchak couldn't have made a better entrance than with the sublime 'So Good To Me'. Managing to encapsulate the form of bliss that can only come from the summer, the American producer's chart bothering single will no doubt be played for years to come whenever the sun is out, and we're hoping that his forthcoming new material will make him a big hitter in the future.
Yasminwhilst their follow up, a collaboration with Clean Bandit looks to take the duo to new heights in the house world. It was kind of obvious that Disclosure were going to be big this year, but no one could of anticipated the reaction they have seen towards their debut album, which dropped earlier this week.
Some are already claiming 'Settle' is the best electronic album of the year, whilst their newly revamped live show sets them up to conquer the festivals this summer. Biggest breakthrough of ?
Of all the remix artists to break this year, Cyril Hahn may just be our favourite. Although French turntable collective C2C have been together sinceit took them 14 years to release their debut album, and 'Tetra' sat as one of the most creative records of Dr Pepper's recent use of single 'Down The Road' in an advert has seen the award winning group go borderline viral in recent months, indicating may just be their year.

domain: artistic


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An immense measure of times the associations of a legitimate instructor might be major particularly when we are in conditions where you have to go to court. The principle purpose behind getting a lawyer is because they have all the skill and ability that is important for a court in their figure tips. On that note guarantee you get a lawyer before you get yourself losing. A legal counselor will be there for all of you through the outing until the day the case concludes. During the case time frame, you will be settled as you realize that everything is under control. Furthermore don't simply go for any lawful advocate you meet. Talked about underneath are the key aspect to look at when hiring a legal advisor to enlist for your case.
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domain: law


The Difference between 15oz fabric and 18oz fabric.
The real difference in Tough Top Awning’s Fabric is not price. It’s not how long it will last. It is purely how it work in the different environments and hardware that it will be going on.
All our fabrics are proprietary to Tough Top Awnings and can only be sold by us.
All our fabrics are UV Resistant and Mildew Resistant and are Water Proof.
All our Products are Manufactured in the USA and are designed to last from 10 to 15 years in the harshest environments this world can throw at it.
Our 15oz Heavy Duty Fabric is a Pre-Stretched material designed specifically for Slide Toppers, Window Shades and Over the Door Awnings. It's design is for heavy rains and high winds.
Our 18oz Coated Vinyl is a special type of industrial grade vinyl designed to be a little thick but with its coated properties it has give to the fabric. We primarily use this on the main pull-down awnings and deep Carefree Omega Awnings. Any awning that has a depth of over 55” the fabric will need to give with the wind in order to not damage hardware.
There is a lot of talk about stitching the exposed sides of fabrics.
The only reason we can see why someone would do this is they are afraid their fabrics are going to come apart or they may be worried about ripping. We have heard a few different companies talk about RipStop. Pretty Sure that isn’t a Word!
We have been making our replacements out of the same material and with USA hard work and exceptional customer service and will continue to NOT talk a big game. We are just here to get the job done so our fellow RVer’s can have worry free fabric.
Remember, Consider both length and depth and if you still not sure please call Tyler at 360-980-0537.
Learn more and see our buying checklist here:


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CASPIAN Meeting is an international congress on Congenital and Structural Heart Disease and many experts on this rapidly growing field of cardiology will come together from all around the world on November 2-4,2017 in Mashhad,Iran,to discuss the new progress on transcatheter therapies.
CASPIAN will give a comprehensive overview of major topics in catheter therapy in congenital,structural and valvular heart disease, echocardiography and other cardiac imaging for CHDs.
CASPIAN is a joint meeting in collaboration with CSI and is organized by Razavi International Hospital and the CSI Foundation.
CASPIAN is specifically designed for adult and pediatric interventional cardiologists,cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiac anesthetists. It will also provide a unique opportunity for medical equipment engineers,device specialists and inventors to network with physicians,have open discussions on the latest issues and find new therapeutic answers in a friendly and interactive environment.
Aiming to create an inspiring atmosphere, CASPIAN program will include more than 80 lectures from leading experts in the field,about 15 live case demonstrations,master classes and interactive sessions on Fetal and TAVI Focus Imaging and more sessions focusing on septal device occlusion,valve implantation and different stenting techniques.


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TV star's shame hushed up for ever: Another day, another judge's gagging order... and this time it's for life
Anonymous: A TV star was granted an injunction to permanently suppress 'intimate' photos of him with a woman
A judge set a new benchmark for secrecy laws yesterday by granting a TV star a permanent gagging order until now reserved for killer children.
The ‘family’ man, a household name, won the High Court injunction to suppress for ever ‘intimate’ photographs of him with a woman.
It is the latest in a series of increasingly draconian secrecy rulings and came just one day after appeal judges decreed that another celebrity who had an affair with a colleague should remain anonymous to protect his children.
In yesterday’s case, Mr Justice Eady even went so far as to say that the woman, whose profession cannot be reported, ‘owed a duty of confidence’ to the celebrity.
His ruling is similar to protection orders hiding the identities of James Bulger’s murderers Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, plus child killer Mary Bell. In these cases the murderers were deemed to be in danger of being attacked if the public found out who and where they were following their release from prison.
But yesterday’s ruling is believed to be the first time it has ever been wielded in a privacy case to hush up the sordid secret of a star.
The TV celebrity was granted the injunction on the grounds that the private photographs could have an ‘adverse impact’ on the health and wellbeing of his family.
Mr Justice Eady declared he had the power to grant a permanent ‘contra mundum’ injunction. Contra mundum, Latin for ‘against the world’, means in this case never- ending and applying to anyone and everyone.
It claims to prevent the use of the pictures not just in Britain but in countries such as the U.S. where freedom of speech is a constitutional right.
PREMIER LEAGUE LOVE RAT TIGHTENS GAGGING ORDER
The Premier League love rat who cheated on his wife with former Big Brother beauty Imogen Thomas has had his gagging order extended.
The Welsh model is banned from naming the football star she allegedly had a six month affair with.
In a private hearing in the High Court, Mr Justice Eady yesterday extended the order which stops the media from naming the player who allegedly slept with Imogen, 28.
The Premier League star – a married family man – was referred to only as CTB on court documents. Imogen’s barrister in the case was David Price QC.
The footballer is one of a string of top flight stars who have obtained gagging orders from the High Court that stop newspapers printing their kiss and tells.
Max Cliford, who is representing Ms Thomas, criticised the courts for bringing in a privacy order via the back door for the benefit of the wealthy.
‘The privacy of the rich and famous seems to be exactly what the courts are determined to achieve,’ he said.
‘What we’ve got in this country now is a privacy law that wasn’t brought in by Parliament but the judges have decided what they want and that’s what they’ve achieved.
‘Sometimes the privacy of the rich and famous - or anyone - does deserve to be protected but only the rich can afford this so it’s purely a law to protect the rich and in a democracy that’s not right.’
Mr Clifford added that Ms Thomas felt betrayed by the footballer’s injunction and said she was in love with him.
‘She genuinely was in love with him and she genuinely believed he was in love with her. In a perfect world you wouldn’t have an affair with married people but we don’t live in perfect worlds.’
Effectively it hands another legal weapon to the wealthy seeking to hide their failings from the public. Legal experts said British courts have now begun to show favour to international ‘privacy shoppers’ looking for judges to help guard celebrity secrets.
It also promises a new and rich field of moneymaking for lawyers. The TV star – who has been portrayed as someone with great respect for women – becomes the latest in a slew of household names to use the courts to hush up embarrassing secrets.
The ruling is similar to protection orders hiding the identities of James Bulger's murderers Jon Venables, left, and Robert Thompson
In the past week alone, a world-renowned actor and a Premier League footballer have also exploited the might of the law to silence revelations that would enrage their wives.
And on Tuesday, the Appeal Court went yet further, ruling that a well-known married man working in the entertainment industry who had an affair with a colleague cannot be named – to protect his children from playground bullying.
In this latest case, a temporary order was first granted in January, extended in February and made permanent yesterday.
A significant feature of the case was that the woman had allegedly tried to blackmail the celebrity, using the photographs.
The gagging order was granted by Mr Justice Eady, who said that the woman 'owed a duty of confidence' to the celebrity
The judge said the purpose of the order was to restrain the woman – identified only as BJM – from publishing confidential information about the man’s private life. He described it as ‘a straightforward and blatant blackmail case’.
He said the woman had been negotiating with a newspaper ‘to sell intimate photographs and other information obtained in circumstances that were clearly private and in respect of which she owed the claimant a duty of confidence’. It was obviously a case for all the parties to be anonymous to protect the man’s rights to privacy under the Human Rights Act.
In the cases of Thompson, Venables and Ian Huntley’s accomplice Maxine Carr, the courts concluded there would be a serious risk to their safety if information about them and their whereabouts was published. In the case of Mary Bell, who had a new identity, there were fears for her mental health if the public became aware of who she was.
But Mr Justice Eady said it was ‘now acknowledged’ that the court’s power to grant an injunction contra mundum was ‘available, wherever necessary and proportionate’.
In the case of the TV star, he said there was solid medical evidence about the health, including the mental health, of the celebrity and ‘various family members’ should the information leak out.
Yesterday's ruling, at the High Court in London, is believed to be the first time such an order has ever been wielded in a privacy case to hush up the sordid secret of a star
Niri Shan, head of media at the Taylor Wessing law firm, said: ‘Injunctions like this have been granted in cases when it was felt there was a genuine physical risk to the individual. I can see no similar danger in this case.
‘I question whether such an order is enforceable in other jurisdictions. How can you possibly enforce this in America?’
Liberal Democrat MP John Hemming, who is campaigning against the use of injunctions and super-injunctions in privacy law, said: ‘The courts are getting so busy with these privacy injunctions that you can hear the ker-ching of the lawyers’ cash tills all the way from the High Court to Tower Bridge. I hope the noise will also be heard in the House of Commons and that there will be questions about what is happening.’
‘I am surprised the judge limited himself to silencing the world. Why not the whole Solar System?’
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Welcome to my “Quick Market Report” for March 2022. Here is what YOU need to know about the current housing trends here in Penticton!
- For a fourth consecutive month, residential sales have taken a significant drop in both sales volume and revenue. Nevertheless, we continue to stay LOCKED into a “Sellers” market at this very moment in time. However, there are indicators that show me that the market might be starting to slowdown.
- We sold 113 homes in Penticton this March. In March 2021 we sold 168 homes.
- The average Single Family home is now $908,000. Up 10% ($829,000) from March 2021.
- Average Townhome price is now $606,000. Up 17% ($517,000) from last March.
- Close to $65 million dollars of residential property was sold in March 2022. This is a considerable decrease of 19% ($79 million) vs. last year.
- Inventory levels are exceptionally low. There are only 83 Single Family Homes currently for sale in Penticton at this very moment.
- As of March 31st, there’s ONLY 159 “active listings” (single family, condos, townhomes, half-duplexes) in the entire city of Penticton vs. 228 last year.
- 148 new home listings hit the market this March compared to 185 listings in March 2021. That’s a decrease of 20% in listing inventory.
If you have any thoughts about selling – there may never be a better time! Remember, I’m always here to help you NAVIGATE through the selling or buying process!

domain: economics


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Interest Rates Steady
The Bank of Canada (BoC) once again left interest rates unchanged at 1.75% at its meeting in early March. The slowdown in the global economy and unexpectedly weak real GDP growth in Canada were cited as the reasons behind the latest decision to leave rates alone. Analysts still expect the BoC to raise rates by 25 basis points sometime this year unless Canadian, US and global indicators show weaker momentum than anticipated. The bank has raised the key rate five times since 2017. Canada’s economy slowed from 3% growth in 2017 to 2% in 2018 and is expected to slow even further this year.
Unemployment Steady at 5.8%
The unemployment rate remained unchanged at 5.8% in March and the number of people employed held steady after two months of increases. The economy added 116,000 new jobs in the first quarter, an increase of 6%. Employment was up 1.8% from March 2018, an increase of 332,000 jobs, with significant gains in both full-time and part-time work. March employment increased in Saskatchewan, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island but was little changed in the remaining provinces. Employment in business, building and support services lost 14,000 jobs in March, with most of the losses in Ontario.
Consumer Confidence in Canada increased to 55.08 in March from 54.12 in February of 2019, reversing three consecutive months of declines. Consumer Confidence in Canada averaged 53.46 from 2010 until 2019, reaching an all-time high of 57.05 in November of 2018 and a record low of 46.80 in February of 2016. The monthly Index of Consumer Confidence is constructed from responses to four attitudinal questions posed to a random sample of Canadian households.
Consumer Prices Rise 1.5%
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 1.5% in February after rising 1.4% in January and 2.0% in December, according to Statistics Canada. The rise was in line with market expectations. Excluding gasoline, the CPI was up 2.1% year over year, matching January’s gain. All eight major components rose in February. On a seasonally adjusted monthly basis, the CPI rose 0.3% in February after dropping 0.1% in January.
GDP Rises 0.3% in January
Real GDP expanded 0.3% in January, fully offsetting the declines in November and December 2018. The rise was widespread as 18 of 20 industrial sectors were up. On a three-month rolling average basis, real GDP edged up 0.1%, the same rate as the three-month rolling average in December 2018. The output of goods-producing industries increased 0.6%, led by growth in manufacturing and construction. Following seven months of decline, construction expanded 1.9% in January. This was the largest monthly increase since July 2013, with all types of construction activity increasing. The residential construction subsector rose 3.1%, the second consecutive monthly gain. There was continued growth in home alterations and improvements, multi-unit housing construction and a pick-up in single and semi-detached housing construction. Services-producing industries rose 0.2% as all but one sector increased.
Canadian Recession Without US
Canadian economists think it’s possible that Canada may eventually slip into a recession without the US also experiencing one, something that hasn’t happened in 68 years. BCA Research, a global markets and economies firm that has been making projections since 1949, says that growth in the US may help push Canada into recession, and that debt-laden Canadian consumers are not well-equipped to handle higher borrowing costs. The debt to disposable income ratio in Canada has risen from 137% at the end of 2006 to 175% at the end of September 2018. US household debt to disposable income was below 100% at the end of September, the lowest it’s been since 2001, according to Bloomberg. Even at peak levels, the debt ratio in the US has never topped 140%. However, most economists and the Bank of Canada think there is only a 20% chance that Canada will go into a recession over the next 12 months.
Housing and Construction News
The national pace of housing starts slowed in February after stabilizing in January as higher mortgage rates and a slowing economy softened demand. The seasonally adjusted annual rate of starts fell to 173,153 units in February from 206,809 units in January; economists had expected an annual pace of 205,000 units in February. The annual pace of urban starts fell 18.0% in February to 155,663 units and rural starts were estimated at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 17,490 units. The six-month moving average of the monthly seasonally adjusted annual rate of housing starts was 203,554 in February, down from 207,742 in January.
Home sales fell 4.4% in February after rising 3.6% in January, according to the Canadian Real Estate Association (CREA). The average home price was down 5.2% from February 2018. On a month-over-month basis sales were down 4.4% from January to the lowest level of sales since November 2012. It was the biggest monthly drop since the mortgage stress test went into effect in January 2018. February is typically a slow month even during a mild winter. The year-over-year drop in sales was heavily concentrated in British Columbia and Alberta. The other provinces saw sales rise 2.8%. The CREA expects annual home sales to fall 1.6% this year to 450,400 units, which would be the weakest annual sales since 2010. British Columbia and Alberta will account for much of the decline.
Retail Sales Drop in January, Rise for 2018
Retail sales decreased for the third consecutive month in January, declining 0.3% to $50.1 billion. Sales were down in 4 of 11 subsectors, representing 52% of retail trade. Lower sales at motor vehicle and parts dealers (-1.5%) contributed to the majority of the decline. Sales at building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers (+1.4%) increased for the second month in a row, following five consecutive monthly declines from July to November. After removing the effects of price changes retail sales in volume terms were essentially unchanged in January.
Retail sales rose 2.7% to $605 billion in 2018 after rising 7.1% in 2017, according to Statistics Canada. In 2018 retail sales deteriorated each quarter and rose just 0.8% in the fourth quarter. Some Canadians are struggling with higher interest rates and rising debt levels. Gasoline prices increased in mid-2018, eating into disposable income. Economists expect retail sales to grow only modestly this year.
Walmart Canada saw comp store sales rise just 1.1% in the fourth quarter compared to 2.9% last year; comp store sales rose 4.5% in the US.
Canadian Tire said weak December sales were tied to unseasonably mild weather that impacted sales of snow shovels and snow blowers but noted that they had not seen customers cutting back on purchases of expensive discretionary items such as furniture or trading down to cheaper goods.
© Robert Bosch Tool Corporation. All rights reserved, no copying or reproducing is permitted without prior written approval.


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Presnting A full journey compilation on the 12934 Ahemdabad Mumbai Central Karnavati Express- one of India’s first Intercity Express trains to get the modern and luxurious LHB coaches. The Karnavati Express, an Intercity type Superfast train, covers the 493 kilometres between the cities of Ahemdabad and Mumbai in about 7hours and 40mins at an average speed of 64 kmph, with a maximum permissible speed of 110 kmph and eight halts. The LHB coaches are fit for 160kmph and the section boasts of an MPS of 130kmph, if only the CRS cleared this train for higher speeds, the train could also touch an MPS of 130kmph which could reduce its running time significantly.
This compilation features the first part of a
WR mein BCT NDLS rajdhani, August Kranti Rajdhani, BCT ADI Shatabdi ke alawa aur koi LHB trains ko 130 allowed nahi hai kya ?
nahi, baaki saare trains jaise Yuva, GR (WR waala BDTS-NZM); GR (NR waala BDTS-DEE), DD sab 120 hi karte hain
even the Durontos, (BCT-ADI, BCT-JP, BCT-INDB, PUNE-ADI) do 120 only
i heard rajdhani and shatabdi is running in 130kmph in WR
western railway @WesternRly twitter
Admin plz Update Loco links as
ERS - WDM3A Twins from SRR - BKN
This is monsoon timetable or normal timetable ?
On board 16312 Kochuveli Bikaner Express for a solo RF visit to the Panval Viaduct near Ratnagiri. A window seat in S11--17 with an open view of the country-side. Hills, tunnels, a lush green exterior carpeted by paddy fields punctuated by huge coconut plantations. A veritable feast for the optical senses. Now do I sound lyrical ? Promises to be a thrilling & unforgettable day journey through the Konkan railway network. Just arrived at Murdeshwar.
Yes. Raju was a nice guy. He offered us tea at his place, but we had to rush to get the Mandovi back to Goa. He took us to the second viaduct also which is on a battered path just seeing our enthu. We ended up paying him an extra 100 for being such a nice guy. He refused, but we insisted :)
A view of the magnificent beach at Ganapatiphule amid the backdrop of a dipping sun
High speed skip by Bikaner Kochuveli Express!click here
OK I forgot abt monsoon timing

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BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 969750, 8 pages
Effects of Systemic Pesticides Imidacloprid and Metalaxyl on the Phyllosphere of Pepper Plants
University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ploutonos 26 and Aiolou Street, 41221 Larisa, Greece
Received 18 April 2013; Accepted 22 May 2013
Academic Editor: George Tsiamis
Copyright © 2013 Constantinos Moulas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Microbes inhabiting the phyllosphere of crops are exposed to pesticides applied either directly onto plant foliage or indirectly through soil. Although, phyllosphere microbiology has been rapidly evolving, little is still known regarding the impact of pesticides on the epiphytic microbial community and especially on fungi. We determined the impact of two systemic pesticides (metalaxyl and imidacloprid), applied either on foliage or through soil, on the epiphytic fungal and bacterial communities via DGGE and cloning. Both pesticides induced mild effects on the fungal and the bacterial communities. The only exception was the foliage application of imidacloprid which showed a more prominent effect on the fungal community. Cloning showed that the fungal community was dominated by putative plant pathogenic ascomycetes (Erysiphaceae and Cladosporium), while a few basidiomycetes were also present. The former ribotypes were not affected by pesticides application, while selected yeasts (Cryptococcus) were stimulated by the application of imidacloprid suggesting a potential role in its degradation. A less diverse bacterial community was identified in pepper plants. Metalaxyl stimulated an Enterobacteriaceae clone which is an indication of the involvement of members of this family in fungicide degradation. Further studies will focus on the isolation of epiphytic microbes which appear to be stimulated by pesticides application.
Phyllosphere is the habitat of a diverse microbial community dominated by bacteria, fungi, and yeasts while archaea are not particularly abundant . Until recently most studies on the microbiology of the phyllosphere had focused on the ecology and interactions of microbial plant pathogens with the plant, whereas little was known regarding the role and ecology of nonplant pathogenic microorganisms on plant phyllosphere. It is now well documented that epiphytic microorganisms could serve significant functional roles including (a) suppression of plant pathogens in the phyllosphere of agricultural crops , (b) nitrogen fixation , (c) methanol utilization , and (d) degradation of organic pollutants . In addition, microbial interactions on plant phyllosphere have been found to determine colonization of edible parts of plants by human pathogens . This is particularly important for the consumption of fresh salad, fruits, and vegetables.
In a pioneering study, Yang et al.  demonstrated that the microbial diversity on plant phyllosphere is much higher than what had been estimated before based on culture-dependent methods but it is still lower than the microbial diversity in rhizosphere or even bulk soil . Phyllosphere is an oligotrophic environment with patchy distribution of C sources where microorganisms are exposed to stress conditions including extreme exposure to UV radiation, violent fluctuations of temperature, and limited water availability . In order to survive under these conditions, phyllosphere microorganisms have developed various mechanisms including pigmentation , DNA repair mechanisms , production of biosurfactants , and extracellular polymeric substances .
Apart from the abiotic and biotic stress conditions described, microorganisms on the phyllosphere of cultivated plants are exposed to pesticides. There is a wealth of literature regarding the impact of pesticides on soil microorganisms . This is not surprising considering that soil constitutes largely the final deposit of both foliar and soil-applied pesticides. However, only a few studies so far have addressed the impact of pesticides onto nontarget microorganisms on plant phyllosphere. A series of studies by Zhang et al. [15–17] showed that the insecticides cypermethrin and abamectin induced changes in the structure of the bacterial community in pepper, cucumber, and broccoli phyllosphere. In a similar study the application of the fungicide enostroburin induced substantial changes in bacterial community in wheat phyllosphere . All those studies have focused on potential effects on the bacterial community after foliar application of pesticides. However, only limited data are available regarding pesticides effects on nontarget fungi inhabiting plant phyllosphere. Apart from foliar application, systemic pesticides are commonly applied via soil drenching and they are translocated through the phloem to the aerial parts of the plants offering protection from pest and pathogens. However, nothing is known regarding the impact of such soil applications on the epiphytic microbial community.
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide which has gained registration for 140 uses in 120 countries . It is applied either directly on the foliage or via soil drenching for the control of aphids (Myzus persicae, Myzus nicotianae), white fly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), and Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in fruits crops, vegetables, and potatoes. Metalaxyl-M is a systemic fungicide which is applied either on foliage or via soil drenching for the control of oomycetes such as Phytophthora parasitica (tobacco), Phytopthora infestans (potato), and Pythium sp. . Nothing is known regarding the impact of those pesticides on the microbial community of plant phyllosphere.
We aimed to investigate the impact of the systemic pesticides imidacloprid and metalaxyl on the fungal and bacterial communities on the phyllosphere of pepper plants. The influence of the mode of application, foliar versus soil application, on the magnitude and type of effects was also determined via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and cloning.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Setup
Three-week-old pepper plants (Capsicum annum L. cv Ozho) (kindly supplied by AgriPlant A.S.) were initially transplanted into 3 L plastic pots which had been filled with appropriate amounts of a 1 : 1 mixture of sand and soil (sandy, pH 7.81, electrical conductivity 0.017 mmhos cm−1, organic matter content 8.8 g kg−1, P-Olsen 2 mg g−1, K 215 mg g−1, and Mg 265 mg g−1). In total 18 pots were prepared and placed randomly in the growth chamber at 22°C using a 16 h light/8 h night period. The plants were watered as needed and 30 mL of Hoagland solution  was applied twice weekly. Pepper plants were grown under these conditions for a week and then transferred to a commercial greenhouse situated in the area of Velestino, Magnesia, Greece, where the experiment was contacted. The plants were left in the greenhouse for a period of three weeks to become acclimatized and allow the development of a natural phyllosphere microbial community as much as possible. During the acclimation period the pepper plants were watered and fertilized as needed.
At the end of the acclimation period the 18 pots with the pepper plants were divided into 6 groups of three. The first three pots received a foliage treatment with an aqueous suspension of the insecticide imidachloprid (CONFIDOR, 200SL), while the next three pots received a soil drenching with an aqueous suspension of the same insecticide. Similarly, the next two groups of pots received a foliar or a soil drenching application of the fungicide metalaxyl (RIDOMIL GOLD, 46.52SL). The application rates in both foliar and soil applications were as suggested for the control of the target pests and diseases. Finally, the remaining two groups of pots received the same volume of water applied through foliar or soil application of the two pesticides to serve as untreated controls. Five days after pesticide applications 10 leaves per plant were collected and placed into sterile plastic bags and transported on ice to the laboratory where they were stored at −20°C until further used.
2.2. DNA Extraction
The microbial DNA of the phyllosphere was extracted as described by Yang et al.  with slight modifications. Briefly, leaf samples were transferred aseptically into polypropylene tubes containing 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and sonicated for 10 min in an ultrasonic bath to dislodge microorganisms from the leaf surface. The leaf remains were removed by a mild centrifugation step (3 min 500 g) and the clear suspension was subjected to centrifugation at 7000 g for 15 min. The supernatant was removed and the microbial pellet obtained was used for DNA extraction using the NucleoSpin Tissue kit (Macherey-Nagel, Germany) according to manufacturers’ extraction.
2.3. PCR-DGGE Analysis
For studying the bacterial community, a nested PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was used. In the first PCR round, DNA was amplified with universal bacterial primers 63f-1087r (ca. 1000 bp). The product obtained (1 mL) was nested with primers 357f+GC and 534r which amplify a 194 bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene, including the variable V3 region. A 40 bp GC clamp at the 5 end of primer 357f was used . For studying the fungal community, DNA was amplified with primers ITS1F-ITS4 (ca. 600 bp) . The products obtained were used as templates (1 mL) for a second semi nested PCR with the primers ITS1F + GC and ITS2 (ca. 300 bp). Thermocycling conditions and the concentrations of the reagents used were as described elsewhere .
DGGE analyses were carried out on an INGENYphorU-2x2 system (Ingeny International BV, The Netherlands). Polyacrylamide gels (8%) in 1 TAE buffer (40 mM Tris base, 20 mM acetic acid, and 1 mM disodium EDTA, pH 8.2) were prepared. The polyacrylamide gels were made with denaturating gradient of 30–55% and 50–60% for DGGE profiling of the fungal and bacterial communities, respectively (where 100% denaturant contains 7 M urea and 40% formamide). The electrophoresis was run for 16 h at 60°C and 75 V and gels were silver stained. The image was captured using a digital camera and subsequent analysis was performed with Cross Checker 2.9 v (Wageningen University, The Netherlands). Binary data for the presence/absence of bands in all samples were derived and used for statistical analysis.
2.4. Clone Libraries
Clone libraries for both communities were constructed based on the fragments generated by the first PCR step. Since the results showed that replicate samples of the same treatment showed minimum variability, the triplicate PCR products from the same treatment were pooled and purified/concentrated to a final volume of 30 μL using the NucleoSpin II PCR clean-up kit (Macherey-Nagel GmbH, Germany). Cloning into the pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, USA) was performed as described by Sambrook et al. . Subsequent screening of the clone libraries by PCR and DGGE was carried out as described by Liang et al. . Thirty-five white colonies were selected for each treatment and were subjected to colony PCR using primers 357f+GC-534r and ITS1F+GC-ITS2 for bacterial and fungal libraries, respectively. Positive clones were screened on a DGGE gel to determine their electrophoretic mobility compared with the band pattern of the original environmental sample. Representative clones for each band type matching the migration pattern of bands in the original samples were sequenced. In cases where several clones showed identical migration pattern with a single DGGE band, three clones or more were sequenced in order to check for possible comigration of diverse sequences. For sequencing, plasmid DNA was extracted and purified from selected colonies using the NucleoSpin Plasmid kit (Macherey-Nagel GmbH, Germany) and sent for sequencing. Sequences were deposited in the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) database and their accession numbers are HF947094-HF947095 and HF947030-HF947093 for bacterial and fungal clones, respectively.
2.5. Statistical Analysis
The binary data matrices obtained for each DGGE gel were used for multivariate statistical analysis to compare the effect of pesticides and their mode of application on the structure of the microbial communities on phyllosphere. Dendrograms from Jaccard distance matrices using the group average algorithm were prepared using the MultiVariate Statistical Package (MVSP) 3.13v software (http://www.kovcomp.com/).
3.1. Effects of Pesticides on the Fungal Community
The fingerprints produced by the three replicates of the same treatment were highly similar (Figure 1). Overall, DGGE analysis of the fungal community provided rather complex banding patterns with band numbers exceeding 20 in all treatments. Cluster analysis of the DGGE banding patterns resulted in the development of two main clusters (Figure 2). The first main cluster comprised all control and metalaxyl-treated samples along with the samples which received a soil application of imidacloprid. Samples contained within the first cluster shared a similarity of >84%. The second cluster was composed only by the samples which received a soil application of imidacloprid and showed >70% similarity with the samples of the first cluster. In the first cluster, samples were further separated according to the pesticide applied with soil-treated samples of imidacloprid separated from the metalaxyl-treated samples and the controls which grouped together. Within the latter subcluster the foliage-treated metalaxyl samples and the control samples clustered together (>90% similarity) while the soil-treated metalaxyl samples were separated.
Clone libraries were developed to identify the main members of the fungal community and fungi which were responsive to pesticide applications. Overall the phyllosphere was dominated by ascomycetes while a few basidiomycetous yeasts were also present and were represented by bands appearing mostly in the upper part of the gel belonging to the orders Sporidiobolales (bands 17 and 18), Cystofilobasidiales (band 19), and Filobasidiales (bands 13 and 1) (Table 1). Generally the lower part of the DGGE patterns in all treatments, which constitutes the high GC content region, was dominated by ascomycetes of the order Erysiphales (bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, and 12). Band 15 was the most dominant band in all treatments and sequencing analysis of the clones showed highest homology (99.6%) to a Cladosporium allii strain (Table 1).
A few members of the fungal community were responsive to pesticide applications. Therefore, bands 1 and 13 were present only in the samples treated with imidacloprid, especially foliage-treated samples (Figure 1). Clones associated with those bands showed highest sequence homology to a Cryptococcus adeliensis (97.1%) and an uncultured Cryptococcus clone (100%), respectively. On the contrary, band 3 disappeared from the samples which received a foliage application of imidacloprid. The single clone associated with this band showed highest sequence homology to an uncultured unclassified fungal clone (99.4%).
Regarding metalaxyl-treated samples, band 21 was only present in the samples treated with the fungicide regardless of the application mode. Clones associated with this band showed highest sequence homology to an uncultured Saccharomyceta clone (99.6%). In addition, band 9 was stimulated in the metalaxyl-treated samples. Clones associated with this band showed highest sequence homology to a Periconia macrospinosa strain (99.8%).
3.2. Effects of Pesticides on the Bacterial Community
DGGE analysis of the bacterial community showed a less complex banding pattern, compared to the fungal community fingerprints, with band numbers not exceeding 15 in any of the treatments (Figure 3). Cluster analysis separated samples into two main clusters. The first cluster contained all samples except one of the replicates of the metalaxyl soil application (Figure 4). Within the first cluster samples shared more than 90% similarity and were further separated into two sub-clusters: the first one comprising all soil controls and the two replicates of the metalaxyl soil application, while the second subcluster contained all other control, imidacloprid- and metalaxyl-treated samples.
Clone libraries developed aimed to identify the main members of the bacterial community and bacteria responsive to pesticide applications. Fingerprints of all samples were dominated by band 2. Thus, 15 clones showing identical electrophoretic mobility with this band were sequenced. Results showed that this band was of plant origin since all clones showed highest sequence homology to chloroplast sequence of Capsicum annum and were excluded from further analysis. Band B5 was unique in the samples which received a foliage application of metalaxyl and the clone sequenced showed the highest sequence homology to an Enterobacteriaceae clone (100%). Similarly, band 1 was present only in the control samples and the clone associated with this band showed the highest sequence homology with a Propionibacterium sp. strain (100%).
Microorganisms inhabiting the aerial parts of crops are commonly exposed to pesticides either directly through foliage applications or indirectly through soil application. The latter is valid only for systemic pesticides. Recent studies provided clear evidence for the existence of a previously unknown microbial diversity on the plant phyllosphere and the involvement of epiphytic microbes on a wide array of important services [1, 27]. Little is known regarding the interactions of pesticides and epiphytic microorganisms. We investigated the impact of two systematic pesticides and their mode of application (soil versus foliage) on the community structure of fungi and bacteria on the phyllosphere of pepper plants.
Overall, DGGE analysis revealed a well-established fungal community and a less complex bacterial community. On the one hand, this is against the general perception that bacteria constitute the main microbial group on plant phyllosphere . On the other hand, this finding is not surprising considering that pepper plants were grown under greenhouse conditions which favour the rapid establishment of fungal pathogens on aerial plant parts. In line with this are the results of the clone libraries which verified that the fungal community on the phyllosphere of pepper plants was dominated by ascomycetes with the majority of them being putative plant pathogens. Recent reports by Jumpponen and Jones  also found a massive dominance of ascomycetes over other fungal phyla on the phyllosphere of temperate Quercus macrocarpa. Several fungal ribotypes belonged to the family of Erysiphaceae whose members are the causal agents of powdery mildew in different crops like sugar beet, beetroot (Erysiphe betae) , and brassicas (Erysiphe cruciferarum) . Among Erysiphaceae the most common ribotype was identified as Golovinomyces cichoracearum which is the causal agent of powdery mildew in pumpkin, cucumber, and melon crops, while it has been found as an epiphytic fungus in several other plants . The dominant ribotype in the phyllosphere of pepper plants was identified as Cladosporium allii, which is the causal agent of leaf blotch in leek . Cladosporium species have been identified as very common inhabitants of plant phyllosphere . All the above putative plant pathogenic fungi were not affected by the application of the two pesticides.
Generally, pesticides induced rather subtle changes in the structure of the fungal community, with foliage application of imidacloprid inducing the most prominent changes. Little is known regarding the impact of insecticides on the microbial phyllosphere. A series of studies by Zhang et al. [15–17] showed limited effects of cypermethrin and abamectin on the fungal biomass, whereas potential effects on the structure of the fungal community were not provided. The limited impact of metalaxyl on the fungal community could be attributed to its selectivity against oomycetes , which were absent in the phyllosphere of pepper plants in our study. Previous in vitro and leaf assays showed that broad-spectrum fungicides like metiram and captan had a detrimental effect on the growth of epiphytic bacteria, fungi, and yeasts with the latter being the most sensitive group of microbes .
Foliage application of imidachloprid stimulated a Cryptococcus adeliensis and an uncultured Cryptococcus ribotype. Cryptococcus yeasts are common epiphytes [32, 35] and members of this genus are known to effectively transform phenolics  and benzene . Thus it is probable that the stimulation of Cryptococcus yeasts on the phyllosphere of pepper plants could be attributed to their involvement in the degradation of imidacloprid. Further studies will aim to isolate such strains and evaluate their degrading capacity against imidacloprid. Regarding metalaxyl, its application, either through soil or foliage, stimulated a Periconia macrospinosa and an uncultured ribotype belonging to the unranked taxon of Saccharomyceta. Periconia macrospinosa has been identified as a common plant endophyte in several studies [38, 39].
Overall, pesticide application induced only minor changes in the structure of the bacterial community with the exception of one of the metalaxyl soil-treated samples which diverged from all the other samples. Previous studies by Gu et al.  showed that the application of the fungicide enostroburin induced substantial changes in the bacterial community. A few members of the bacterial community were responsive to pesticide application. Thus foliage application of metalaxyl stimulated the appearance of an Enterobacteriaceae ribotype. This family includes several pathogens found in fresh salads destined for human consumption such as Salmonella, Escherichia, Yersinia ; plant pathogens like Erwinia ; and human pathogens like Klebsiella . The stimulation observed could be related to the involvement of this Enterobacteriaceae ribotype in the degradation of metalaxyl; however further studies are required to confirm this. In a similar study Gu et al.  suggested a putative role of another Enterobacteriaceae ribotype (Pantoea sp.) in the degradation of the fungicide enostroburin in the phyllosphere of wheat. Members of Enterobacteriaceae belonging to the genus Enterobacter or Klebsiella have shown enhanced degrading capacities against the organophosphate chlorpyrifos [42, 43]. In contrast, pesticide application appeared to suppress a Propionibacterium ribotype which was present in the untreated plants. Bacteria of this genus were previously identified as members of the phyllosphere community in Magnolia grandiflora plants  and as endophytes in potatoes .
Generally, the DGGE screening of clone libraries followed in our study revealed the detection of two or more different ribotypes represented by the same DGGE band in one-third of the bands analyzed via cloning. This has been identified as an inherent problem of the DGGE fingerprinting method and it is commonly observed when complex microbial communities are studied [46, 47]. Further analysis of the clones obtained by the bacterial community showed that the major band of the fingerprint was related to the chloroplasts of pepper plants. Irrespective of the method employed to isolate DNA from epiphytic microbial communities, the extracted microbial DNA is generally contaminated with chloroplasts [48, 49]. Since the chloroplast 16S shares high sequence similarity with bacterial 16S rRNA sequences , contamination with plant DNA poses a serious challenge for the application of PCR-based methods to profile and quantify bacterial populations in plant environments. In a similar study Hunter et al. , using the same primer pair as in our study, also detected several sequences of chloroplast origin in their clone libraries of the phyllosphere bacterial community in lettuce.
Our study provides first evidence that the application of pesticides, either directly on foliage or through soil, induced rather mild changes on the structure of the fungal and bacterial communities. Further studies will aim to isolate and characterize fungal strains which were stimulated upon pesticide application and identify their true ecological role and interactions with the pesticides studied.
This study was funded by resources of the M.S. course “Biotechnology—Quality of Nutrition and Environment” of the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly.
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- À. Fonseca, G. Scorzetti, and J. W. Fell, “Diversity in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus and related species as revealed by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis,” Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 7–27, 2000.
- W. J. Middelhoven, “Catabolism of benzene compounds by ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi. A literature review and an experimental approach,” Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 125–144, 1993.
- K. Mandyam, T. Loughin, and A. Jumpponen, “Isolation and morphological and metabolic characterization of common endophytes in annually burned tallgrass prairie,” Mycologia, vol. 102, no. 4, pp. 813–821, 2010.
- Z.-L. Yuan, C.-L. Zhang, F.-C. Lin, and C. P. Kubicek, “Identity, diversity, and molecular phylogeny of the endophytic mycobiota in the roots of rare wild rice (Oryza granulate) from a nature reserve in Yunnan, China,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 1642–1652, 2010.
- H. H. El-Hendawy, M. E. Osman, and H. A. Ramadan, “Pectic enzymes produced in vitro and in vivo by Erwinia spp. isolated from carrot and pepper in Egypt,” Journal of Phytopathology, vol. 150, no. 8-9, pp. 431–438, 2002.
- R. Podschun and U. Ullmann, “Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors,” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 589–603, 1998.
- B. K. Singh, A. Walker, J. A. W. Morgan, and D. J. Wright, “Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by Enterobacter strain B-14 and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soils,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 4855–4863, 2004.
- I. Ghanem, M. Orfi, and M. Shamma, “Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by klebsiella sp. isolated from an activated sludge sample of waste water treatment plant in damascus,” Folia Microbiologica, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 423–427, 2007.
- C. R. Jackson and W. C. Denney, “Annual and seasonal variation in the phyllosphere bacterial community associated with leaves of the southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora),” Microbial Ecology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 113–122, 2011.
- F. Rasche, T. Lueders, M. Schloter et al., “DNA-based stable isotope probing enables the identification of active bacterial endophytes in potatoes,” New Phytologist, vol. 181, no. 4, pp. 802–807, 2009.
- T. Vallaeys, E. Topp, G. Muyzer et al., “Evaluation of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in the detection of 16S rDNA sequence variation in rhizobia and methanotrophs,” FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 279–285, 1997.
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domain: literature


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Remember Boston victims and heroes, not perpetrators
Following the tragedies that unfolded in Boston last week, the public wants to find out everything they can about the suspects — their religious affiliations, motives and backgrounds — to explain the atrocious crimes.
It’s human nature to want to know how anybody could do something so terrible to innocent people.
As the manhunt for one of the two suspects persisted, the public took to Facebook and Twitter to share their thoughts. People wanted to know more about the suspects’ personal lives, their childhoods, what angered them so much and even about the wife of the second suspect that was killed. They wanted to know anything that would bring about closure — and rightfully so.
However, this shouldn’t be the public’s main focus. It’s up to the investigators to find out why these crimes were committed. The suspect’s trial, his motives and his behaviors aren’t what the public needs to know. What it needs to know about is the four who died, and the countless who have helped since.
Instead of spending time wondering who the suspects were, we should shift our focus toward those who can be overshadowed by our curiosity with the perpetrators — those who lost their lives. Those who were injured. Those who, instead of running in a different direction, ran toward danger to help the injured. Those who stayed inside during the manhunt to make it easier for law enforcement to find the surviving suspect who was on the loose Friday.
Instead of continuing to focus on the perpetrators with anger and curiosity, let’s remember the people of Boston. Let’s immortalize the good rather than perpetuate the evil.
Let’s preserve the memory of eight-year-old Martin Richard, who was watching the marathon with his family and cheering on family friends. Let’s remember 29-year-old Krystle Campbell, who was at the finish line cheering on a friend. Let’s think of Lu Lingzi, a 23-year-old Boston University graduate student who was with her friends watching the marathon. Let’s not forget Sean Collier, a 26-year-old Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus police officer who was on patrol three days after the marathon.
We need to say thank you to the heroes that went out of their way to help those who were injured in the bombing, both first responders and even those who were just spectators. One story that has emerged is that of Carlos Arredondo: Instead of running in the other direction, he ran back into the area that had been bombed and helped to rescue a man who lost his legs in the explosion. He’s just one of many people who pushed their own safety aside to save the lives of countless others.
We should praise those in Boston who went on voluntary lockdown so that law enforcement could focus all of its attention on the manhunt. And then there’s David Henneberry, a Watertown resident who spotted the surviving suspect in a boat in his backyard. Instead of yelling and trying to be a hero, he tipped off police, which eventually led to the capture of the suspect.
There are the officers, FBI agents, SWAT teams and countless others who worked to find the suspect before he could harm another innocent person.
Rather than wasting our thoughts on the perpetrators, we should remember the names and faces of those who deserve to have our attention.
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domain: news


Leaf Springs & Accessories
Much of the jarring ride of the 3500 rear can be attributed to the factory vulcanized bushings in the leaf spring pack and shackle. The factory shackle is very strong BUT the design is not conducive to a smooth ride. This is no surprise as a 3500 isn’t made to ride well, it’s made to tow. The 3500 Factory leaf springs are high-spring-rate and short-travel, why would Ram design a shackle that rides well and is capable of extended suspension travel? Vulcanized bushings are a press-fit bushing often utilized by OEMs in which the bushing material is adhered on both points of contact.


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The Sack of Thessaloniki in 904
It was in the summer of that year that a messenger from the Byzantine emperor Leo VI rushed into town with terrible news: Leo of Tripoli was on his way to attack Thessaloniki.
True Crusader Crime: The Mysterious ‘Lord S’
Who killed William of Rouen?
The politics of archaeological heritage and reclamation, with Jonathan Hall
A conversation with Jonathan Hall about how the archaeological past of the city of Argos was reclaimed in the long nineteenth century. What institutions and political debates took shape around the heritage of the past? What role did the ancient travel writer Pausanias play in defining what the past was? What was the interplay between local, national, international, and imperial interests?
The Medieval Pirates’ Nest of Crete
In the ninth century, the island of Crete would become a major base of piracy. Could the Byzantine Empire defeat this threat?
A global history of the Greeks, with Roderick Beaton
In this episode of Byzantium & Friends, a conversation with Roderick Beaton on his new book The Greeks: A Global History.
The Parthenon mosque, with Elizabeth Key Fowden
A conversation with Elizabeth Key Fowden on the Parthenon mosque and Athens under the Ottomans.
Byzantium in Modern Greek Life, with Dimitris Krallis
Where and how does one experience Byzantium in modern Greece today?
UCLA to establish Center for the Study of Hellenic Culture
A $5 million grant from the Stavros Niarchos Foundation will enable UCLA to create the UCLA Stavros Niarchos Foundation Center for the Study of Hellenic Culture.
Foundation Myths in Medieval and Renaissance Italy
The 3 papers featured here looked at the development of the civic identities of Florence, Genoa and Rome through art, architecture and foundation legends.
Medieval Books for Christmas
It’s that time of year again – the mad scramble for the perfect Christmas gift for the historian, nerd, avid reader on your list. Here are a few suggestions for you – new releases for December and January!
‘De civitatis utriusque, terrenae scilicet et caelestis’: Foundation Narratives and the Epic Portrayal of the First Crusade
My summary of a paper given at the Institute of Historical research on the accounts of Antioch and Jerusalem during the First Crusade.
What Remains: Women, Relics and Remembrance in the Aftermath of the Fourth Crusade
After the fall of Constantinople to the Latin Crusaders in 1204 hundreds of relics were carried into the West as diplomatic gifts, memorabilia and tokens of victory. Yet many relics were alsosent privately between male crusaders and their spouses and female kin.
12th-century Byzantine manuscript returned to Greece
After being stolen from a monastery over fifty years ago, a 12th-century Byzantine manuscript has been returned to Greece by the J. Paul Getty Museum.
Church Reunification: Pope Urban II’s Papal Policy Towards the Christian East and Its Demise
What separates this brief work from that of previous historians is that it focuses on the formation and changes of papal policy in regards to the Eastern Orthodox Church during the First Crusade, exclusively.
‘Defending the Christian Faith with Our Blood’. The Battle of Lepanto (1571) and the Venetian Eastern Adriatic: Impact of a Global Conflict on the Mediterranean Periphery
The battle of Lepanto, which took place on the 7th of October 1571, was the greatest naval battle of oar driven vessels in the history of the Mediterranean1. It was then that the mighty Ottoman navy suffered its first and utter defeat in a direct confrontation with Christian forces, joined in the Holy League. Its purpose was to help Venice in the defence of Cyprus, stormed by the Ottoman troops in July of 1570, but to no avail, as on the 3rd of August 1571 the island was taken by the Ottomans.
Abortions in Byzantine times (325-1453 AD)
All legislation of Byzantium from the earliest times also condemned abortions. Consequently, foeticide was considered equal to murder and infanticide and the result was severe punishments for all persons who participated in an abortive technique reliant on drugs or other methods. The punishments could extend to exile, confiscation of property and death.
Hellenism and the Shaping of the Byzantine Empire
While the role of Byzantine Hellenism on the art, literature, and society of the Empire has been the subject of tremendous study, the question of its origins has, nonetheless, rarely been raised, and the strongly Hellenic Byzantine identity seems, to a large extent, to have been taken for granted historiographically.
Praising A City: Nicaea, Trebizond, and Thessalonike
Praising A City: Nicaea, Trebizond, and Thessalonike Aslıhan Akışık Journal of Turkish Studies, Vol.36 (2012) Abstract The late Byzantine period(1204-1461) was distinguished by…
The Triumphal Way of Constantinople and the Golden Gate
In Rome the term triumphus referred to an archaic and highly regulated rite that was decreed by the Senate upon the fulfilment of certain strict preconditions. Scholars have disagreed whether the triumphal procession, which could be held only in Rome, always followed the same itinerary, but the chances are that it did
The Italo-Cretan Religious Painting and The Byzantine-Palaeologan Legacy
The paper aims to introduce the last significant school of painting, which was nurtured by the Byzantine sources, the so-called Italo-Cretan school, whose presence and influence lasted for more than 300 years. Its works are perceived not just as mere objects of veneration but have also high artistic and marketing value.
Pervenimus Edessam: The Origins of a Great Christian Centre Outside the Familiar Mediaeval World
This is the meeting place of the western and eastern worlds, for near here passed the movements between Palestine and Mesopotamia associated with Abraham, near here the Assyrians made their last stand after their capital fell in 610 B.C., and near here Crassus ill-advised attempt to press eastwards came to an end.
The ancient and medieval Greek writers perceptions concerning the relationship between sexual characteristics and testicular volume
Hippocrates (5th-4th c. BC) was the first Greek medical writer to leave a written re- port on the changes in the voice of eunuchs…
Pharmacy in medieval Islam and the history of drug addiction
Drug addiction, especially through the use of poppy (Papaver somniferum Linn.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa Linn.), is the main concern of this paper. Although the use of these two plants in medieval Islam was extensive, yet little has been written on this timely subject by historians of medicine and pharmacology.

domain: library


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What is the community connection project?
Reading Hospital has been awarded a federal grant from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to implement the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model – known at Reading Hospital as the Community Connection Project (CCP).
CCP Success story – September 2018
A patient was screened in Reading Hospital Emergency Department and was identified to be High Risk and eligible for navigation services.
During the Navigation Personal Interview, the patient shared the following information: The patient has a history of past drug use and medical complications. He was homeless, having been evicted from previous housing, and had been living out of a car at his place of employment. The patient became unemployed when his employer went out of business. An attempt to secure shelter at Hope Rescue Mission was delayed as the patient’s phone and state identification card were stolen. Transportation services were also identified as a need.
CCP Navigation Update
Hope Rescue Mission provided funds that allowed the patient to obtain a new, valid PA ID card at a local Department of Motor Vehicles.
The patient went to BARTA to apply for a Special Services Transportation Card and has been able to secure reliable transportation to attend scheduled medical appointments.
Patient happily reports he has been drug-free while at Hope Rescue Mission and has disassociated from drug-related situations.
Patient reports SNAP benefits have been secured and unemployment benefits will begin in the near future.
Patient reports his goal is to secure independent housing as soon as possible.
Reading Hospital’s CCP will continue to navigate patient for one year (currently with Hope Rescue Mission partnership) to assist if additional needs arise.
Community connection project monthly newsletter
For more information, contact Ali Williams at Ali.Williams@towerhealth.org.


I would tell the Georgian people that it is necessary to implement reforms – this is a priority, the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, said in a conversation with journalists at the Summit of the European Political Community.
He noted that the issue of enlargement will be on the agenda of the European Council in December and it will be discussed by the leaders, among them will be the issue of Georgia.
“One word about Georgia. You know that in November the European Commission will publish an enlargement report, and today I can confirm that we will put the issue of enlargement on the agenda of the European Council in December and we will discuss all issues of enlargement at the level of the leaders [of member states], including for Georgia,” said Charles Michel.
The President of the European Council also answered a question relating to the “message” to the people of Georgia.
“I have already answered this question, but I would tell the Georgian people – reforms. Carry out reforms and make sure that your reforms meet European standards. Economic reforms, anti-corruption reforms, judicial independence – these are the priorities,” said Charles Michel.


In a gripping finish Flynn, so accurate all through, held his nerve to point a last minute free from an acute angle and victory for Roscrea.
Lorrha made most of the early running with Patrick “Bonnar” Maher the driving force. Approaching the break they were 0-8 to 0-6 ahead but a goal by Jamie Bergin just before the interval was vital for Roscrea who still trailed at half-time, 0-10 to 1-6.
When Noel Hogan netted for Lorrha towards the end of the third quarter to put them 1-12 to 1-9 clear it looked as though they might go on to win but Roscrea responded quickly with a Jamie Carroll goal.
This set up the exciting finish and, with such as Diarmuid Fitzgerald, Dara Spooner, James Bergin and David Flynn starring, Roscrea proved the stronger despite the best efforts of “Bonnar” Maher, Dara and Shane Maher and Noel Hogan for Lorrha. It was Flynn’s great strike in the last minute from 60 metres out, on the touchline, that put Roscrea through.
Roscrea’s win sets the scene for the fourth round of the county senior hurling championships, games which will be played on the weekend of September 15 and 16. The pairings are — Sept. 15th at Cashel, Drom-Inch (holders) v Carrick Swans; Borrisoleigh v Eire Og, Anacarty; Sept 16th at Nenagh — Toomevara v Kildangan; Roscrea v Loughmore-Castleiney.
The following weekend they will be joined by the four divisional champions for the county quarter-finals.
In the county football championship, Clonmel Commercials had to work very hard for their 0-14 to 1-9 win over Cahir at Ardfinnan with Ian Barnes, Luke Moore, and Colman Kennedy impressing for the winners.


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As the weather transitions to crisp mornings and the leaves start to fall from the trees, all of the YNS Design Team members are hard at work creating fabulous fall themed inspiration for you! We have a fun September lineup of stamps and dies for you this month. We know you are going to fall in love with the new dies and our harvest characters!!! If you love interactive cards, we have the perfect dies for you! Want to try splattering ink, but worried that it will look messy? Have no fear, our Ink Splatter stamp will solve that! Everything is available now in the YNS Store HERE.
The hop begins on Peggy's blog and if you've been hopping along, you should have come from Thanh's blog. Make sure you hop around to all of the blogs featured in the link list located at the bottom of this post for lots of inspiration using the new products! If you leave a comment on all of the blogs, you could win a $20 Gift Certificate!
The lucky winner will be announced on the Your Next Stamp Blog September 18th.
For my first project, I created these darling lollipop covers using the YNS Lollipop Cover Die and these adorable ghosts from the new set Halloween Cuties. I added the little faces using the YNS Fun Faces Clear Set. The sentiment is also from a new set called Ghostly Greetings and I stamped it onto a Fishtail/Banner Die. Super simple!
Next up I have a fun Thanksgiving card using the new set Gobble Gobble along with the new Wood Grain clear stamp.
I stamped the adorable turkey image with Memento Tuxedo Black and colored with Copics. I cut it out with a Circle Nestability and used the Deconstructed Sketch #165 for my layout. The Wood Grain panel was stamped with Chocolate Chip Ink and I sponged over it with some Ranger Antique Linen Distress Ink which is hard to see in my picture:) The sentiment (also from Gobble Gobble) was stamped onto a Fishtail/Banner Die once again and I added the maple leaves that I cut using a YNS Whatnot Seasons Set One Die.
You may have read that YNS is getting ready to launch a new website in October and discontinuing the Digital Stamps line. We'll also be retiring plenty of stamps so NOW is the time to stock up on your wishlists! Check out all the retiring stamps HERE.
Also, back by popular demand, all YNS Gumdrops will be on sale for for 25% off between September 14 to 18.
Thank you so much for stopping by today and hopping along with us!
Now it's time to head on over to Jen's blog, but before you go, don't forget to leave a comment! Happy Hopping:)

domain: hobby


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Rates of substance abuse and addiction are higher among people on the LGBTQ spectrum than in other sectors of society. Thankfully, there are a number of facilities that offer services that are customized to meet the very special challenges people in this demographic face as they attempt to get sober. I want to help offer assistance and help your loved one find issues of abuse, trauma, stigmatization, violence, and harassment. They also connect people with peers who can understand them intimately.
Gay Boca Raton Travel Guide
Find top hospitals near Boca Raton, FL | Healthgrades
Ads in the gay press are few and far between, as is the coverage. But there are a few chill hangouts that can hold their own against hot spots farther south in places such as Wilton Manors. People who are moving out of Wilton Manors … are coming here. But Palm Beach County does get left out a little bit. The full-service bar serves discounted drinks every day from noon to p. A leather night is held on the fourth Saturday of the month in a partnership with Palm Beach Leather Men.
Boca Raton Community Center
A longtime destination for gay visitors, Fort Lauderdale and its neighboring gayborhood of Wilton Manors welcome more than 1. The city has more than gay-owned businesses, including bars and clubs, cafes and coffeehouses, and award-winning hotels and guest houses. Birch Rd. Since , the city has hosted the week-long Pride Fort Lauderdale every February, with hundreds of outdoor vendors, live music, dancing and parties.
The Square Grouper. Death or Glory. The Leopard Lounge. For decades, city directories listed nearly a hundred dives, clubs, burlesque palaces and pick-me-up spots that enticed night-tripping barflies with clever, come-on titles.

domain: sociology


Instead of asking the same question in different ways, post a picture of what you need. That way everybody is talking about the same thing.
Between 2009 when Obama took office, and 2013, median annual household incomes have fallen by more than $2,100.
Progressive Liberalism: Bringing you new Healthcare ideas so wonderful, they have to include mandatory participation ......
Originally Posted by Ronald W. Reagan: Government is not the solution to our problems; Government is the problem.


BO motor or Battery Operated motor is a rechargeable electric motor powered by a battery that provides mobility and portability. These DC geared motors are lightweight and can deliver high torque and rpm at low voltages, making them ideal for cordless devices and vehicles. BO motors are frequently used in DIY projects, such as robotics, Arduino, Raspberry-Pi, and other electrical and electronic projects.
BO motor is available in different torque and RPM ratings and can run at around 150-200 RPM when driven by a single Li-Ion cell. These motors are perfect for creating battery-operated lightweight robots and can absorb shock and vibration due to their elastic compliance. BO motors possess inherent lubricity and can operate with minimal or no lubrication.
BO motor can be used in a variety of applications, including science projects, IoT, robotics, embedded systems, training, experiments, engineering projects, and more. They come in single and dual shaft configurations and require additional components such as switches, batteries, wires, glue guns, and soldering tools to use in various projects.
BO Motors Prices in India
The cost of BO Motors depends primarily on the capacity, power and speed of the motors. It depends on the purpose of the usage of motors.
BO or (Battery Operated) motor is a hobbyist grade DC motor used in small projects. It consists of small micro metal DC motor with gears to increase torque
2.How to select a BO motor?
BO motors are generally available in a couple of variations.. Right angled and straight angled design. The choice of design will depend on how the motor is attached to your project and which configuration would be beneficial to the end user
3.Is Bo motor and DC motor same?
BO motors have lower speeds than standard DC motors because of the gearing within the assembly. Although both may be using the same motor, the torque developed in a BO motor is much higher than in a normal DC motor due to the gear sets.
4.What is a dual shaft BO motor?
Dual shaft BO motor contains two shafts on either side giving you the capability to mount two different gears/wheels. It is useful in cases where the motors are positioned at the center of the product and needs to control two mechanisms on either side
5.How is a dual shaft BO motor different from a single shaft BO motor?
Dual shaft BO motor have two shafts on either sides to mount wheels/gears while a single shaft motor has only one shaft to mount wheels/gear
6.What are the applications of a BO motor?
BO Motors are called Battery Operated motors. Hence it is used in many DIY Robotic applications that run on batteries. It can run on a 6v-9v battery. If you are using more than 1 motor in your project then you can use it with a 12V Battery also. BO motors are used in hobby grade projects where the user requires a small DC motor as a simple actuator. But make sure the BO motor has enough torque for its intended application.


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Progressive alliance seems like the best hope of averting another 5 years of the Conservatives on June 8th. Is it feasible?
The Green Party election broadcast for the upcoming local government elections flags the refugee crisis, NHS, inequality, climate change, lack of investment in renewables, as key issues. Important issues, but not really issues that local government has much say over? I also would like the video to focus a little more on the very positive and progressive policies that the Greens have, rather than just saying what is currently wrong. But maybe that doesn’t fit so well into a short election broadcast.


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`Samajwadi Party will emerge as key player after upcoming LS polls`
Ghaziabad: Samajwadi Party is certain to emerge as a major party after the forthcoming Lok Sabha polls and would play a significant role in government-formation at the Centre, senior leaders said.
Addressing a massive crowd here as part of the party`s `Parivartan Rally`, SP national general secretary and MP Ram Gopal Yadav said that after having won power in Uttar Pradesh, it was the Centre which was the focus now.
He said that the people of the country were fed up with the ineffectual policies of parties such as Congress, BJP and BSP, and would therefore fully back SP in its bid to win power at the Centre.
SP state minister Manoj Pandey, too, attended the public meeting.
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