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The salons were named for wild cats — Cougar, for one — and the opening music, the theme from “The Pink Panther,” introduced a lineup named for women with an inclination towards danger: Poison Ivy, Catwoman and Mata Hari. While such could have been markers of a mystery-woman camp fest, they were not, at least not completely. Rather, for much of the collection, Jean Paul Gaultier continued with the new (relative) control he imposed on his couture last season.
The designer’s strong tailoring was on major display, looking sleek and smart in suits and a lean belted coat, even as he worked a spotted wildcat motif relentlessly before dropping it halfway through his show.
Sometimes the spots were full-on (sable-collared crystal-on-leather jacket; panther graphic running up the front of an embroidered dress; faux-fur feather jacket), while others came via the extras — a silly circus hat or hose. Within the spot-free zone, there were lovely gowns, including one of multicolored mousseline layers that nodded beautifully to Saint Laurent.
Yet Gaultier, once considered Paris fashion’s delightful enfant terrible and later, amidst rumblings of the impending death of couture, its potential savior, seems stubbornly resistant to pushing the refresh button. He overworked an ergonomic padding motif until it reached Bowie-inspired clown proportions, and overall, the clothes reaped no benefit from arch styling and hands-on-hips modeling.
Just before the bride came a curvaceous nonmodel who worked her shoulders like it’s 1985. Turns out, she was Nabilla Benattia, aka — as one guest explained to an uninitiated coworker — “the French Kim Kardashian.”


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What child doesn’t like the idea of living on a tropical island, palms swaying in the breeze and pale sand to run your toes through? Cue music… Add to that a dash of mystery and hidden treasure, and you have all the makings of a classic children’s book.*
Or failing that, a week away to recharge the batteries, where all of the above still hold. (Okay, the Isles of Scilly have a sub-tropical microclimate, but let’s not quibble.)
The IoS lie just 28 miles west of the British mainland and some say they are the remains of the lost land of Lyonnesse. Five islands are inhabited (I know, that sounds adventurous just on its own) and the main island St Mary’s can be reached by helicopter, ferry or plane. We once took the two and a half hour ferry crossing and it was rougher than a cat’s tongue coated in industrial sandpaper. I flew back by helicopter alone, praising the god of aviation.
The plane is our preferred mode of transport and takes off from a grassy airfield on a cliff. We fly at around 1000 feet and the journey takes a mere 15 minutes. From St Mary’s it’s a short boat trip to St Agnes, having taken my trusty ginger capsules beforehand! Okay, that’s enough of a plug for the tourist industry.
The main attraction of St Agnes is the lack of distraction. Unplugged from email, a reliable mobile phone signal and familiar routines, a transformation quickly takes place. I find myself actually writing with a pen again – usually up to 12,000 words in the week we stay there. And I read more – the cottage is stacked with books. Had it not been for St Agnes I would never have encountered Raymond Carver or Elmore Leonard, never dipped into Margaret Atwood or tried yet another Anne Tyler book and still found it didn’t speak to me. And every book I ingest changes my writing in subtle ways, if only temporarily. I take on other voices and sometimes they stick around to join the throng.
* I mentioned mystery and treasure, and I try to keep my promises. The mystery I pondered most – apart from how to pay the bills when we get back – was how all these writers found their voice and their niche. There they rest upon the shelves, jostling for arm room – the genre specific and the literary; and all of them have made the novelist’s journey from ‘nagging away at your brain’ midnight idea to the finished page-flicking product. Best of all perhaps is that they all approached it differently. other writers can only draw strength from that. As Brian Keaney has reminded me, there is no magic formula. You write your best work and then you try to place it somewhere. The End. Or at least, The End when you choose to give up and leave the arena.
The mystery then becomes less about how to achieve something and more about why one takes the path they have. So I spent time looking at where I’ve put my creative energy and the projects that have either yielded little fruit or none at all. Surrounded by the sea and the constantly shifting breeze, I find my thoughts mould to the unceasing rhythms.
Sometimes it’s good to let things go and move on, to stand on the shore and wave goodbye to those paper rafts we launched with such fierce ambition. For me that has meant relinquishing a humour column in a Canadian magazine because economic reality is more important than the cachet of a line on my CV. Even though the tide will eventually submerge them, it’s good to know where we draw our lines in the sand!
And for the writers that I know, the greatest mystery is always ‘what next?’. As a friend of mine in California used to say, “Life is a mystery to be lived and not a problem to be solved.” Which, the internet informs me, is probably a quote from Danish philosopher Soren Kierkgaard.
* I also promised treasure. There were two kinds of treasure on the trip, each tangible in its way. The first was a story – the kind that arrive as a pleasant surprise, fully formed and racing through your mind as you grasp at the rushing mist. A folk tale of sorts, about the plight of mermaids and the children they leave behind. The second treasure was the discovery of a box, while out walking. A tin box – the sort a child might keep their special things in (see the delightful film Amelie) – and containing a letter of some kind and some pearls. The tin in a plastic bag that also contained a plastic angel, hidden underneath a rock. I found it by a combination of serendipity and clumsiness. I didn’t read the letter and put it all back where I found it.
There’s probably a story in all that somewhere, but it’s not one for me at the moment. I’m too busy working out the next chapter of my own adventure as a writer.

domain: literature


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The good news is that plain popcorn is not toxic to cats. Cats are naturally curious and if you drop a piece of popcorn during a movie marathon or leave a bowl of popcorn on the side, your cat will more than likely help itself to a piece or two.
While popcorn isn’t toxic to cats, it should be given to cats with caution as it can be a choking hazard and it’s not a healthy snack for them to munch on.
What If My Cat Ate Popcorn?
If your cat ate air-popped popcorn, they will more than likely be fine. Just make sure that they’ve swallowed it and that it isn’t visibly stuck in their mouth or throat.
A cat that has eaten popcorn that has been topped with a toxic ingredient from the list below should be taken immediately to a vet for help.
Why Does My Cat Love Popcorn?
Does the smell of popcorn get your senses going and make you want to tuck into a bucket? That’s exactly how cats feel when they smell it. The warmth of popcorn is also comforting to cats. Plus, popcorn tastes nice, which is why many cats want to treat themselves to a piece.
Will Popcorn Hurt a Cat?
As a general rule, one or two pieces of plain popcorn won’t hurt a cat. But if your cat manages to break into the popcorn bag while your back is turned and devours lots of popcorn, they may experience stomach discomfort due to eating too much fiber.
A bag of popcorn usually contains at least a couple a handful of unpopped kernels. Unpopped kernels can get stuck in a cat’s teeth. They’re also difficult for a cat to chew and can be a choking hazard.
Another problem with a cat eating unpopped kernels is that they can bind together and get stuck in their digestive tract.
Will Popcorn Hurt Kittens?
Popcorn could hurt a kitten. A kitten won’t have experience chewing big pieces of food as kitten food is specifically designed for their small mouths. If a kitten eats popcorn, it could get stuck in its throat and it may choke on it.
Kittens also have baby teeth until around four months of age. Baby teeth are not designed for chewing food like popcorn.
Will Popcorn Make My Cat Ill?
If you like to put toppings on your popcorn, you need to be aware that they could make your cat ill. Popular toppings to be aware of include:
- Salt – there is 2 mg of sodium in 3 cups of popcorn. Sodium poisoning is a serious health issue in cats that can cause sickness, diarrhea, fatigue, convulsions, and kidney damage.
- Butter – butter is packed full of fat. If a cat eats too much fat, it may experience cholesterol issues and put on weight. This can lead to heart disease.
- Caramel – caramel contains excess sugar, which isn’t good for any human or animal to eat in large quantities. The main risk associated with caramel is that shop-bought brands often contain xylitol. The smallest amount of xylitol is toxic to cats, and it’s often fatal.
- Garlic – garlic might taste great on popcorn, but it’s another highly toxic ingredient to cats. A cat that eats garlic-topped popcorn could experience organ damage, organ failure, or even death.
- Spices – Any spices containing onion or chives are toxic to cats. Other spices can cause allergy-like symptoms and stomach issues, so it’s best to keep spicy popcorn away from your feline companion.
- Cheese – cheesy popcorn is a delicious, indulging snack that is sure to get your cat’s interest. However, the high dairy and lactose content in cheese isn’t very well tolerated by a cat’s digestive system and is likely to cause gastrointestinal upset if eaten.
Check our list for salt substitutes on popcorn.
Factors That Determine Whether Popcorn Is Safe for Your Cat
If you’re looking to make an informed decision as to whether to feed your cat with popcorn or not, here are some of the main factors that you should keep in mind:
Presence of Toppings, Additives, and Seasoning
The presence of salt, butter, or any other kind of popcorn flavoring and toppings that make this amazing snack all the more delicious for humans can often have a detrimental effect on the health of your cat.
According to the ASPCA list of harmful foods that pet owners should avoid feeding their pets, salty snack foods such as popcorn are featured as one of the potentially toxic human foods that can lead to excessive thirst and even sodium ion poisoning in pets.
Onions, garlic, chives, nuts, raisins, and chocolate, which are all common popcorn toppings, also feature on the list as foods that should be avoided in pets. For this reason, if your cat really wants to nibble on some popcorn, then you need to make sure that it is completely plain popcorn, devoid of salt, butter, and other additives or flavorings.
Quantity and Frequency of Popcorn Servings
As mentioned earlier, cats have little need for carbohydrates in their diet, and since popcorn is a high-carbohydrate snack, pet owners are advised to keep the servings few and far between. One or two kernels during movie night might not cause much damage, but a serious problem can arise if you make it a habit to feed your cat popcorn on a regular basis.
This is mostly due to the fact that popcorn offers little to no nutritional value to your pet, and this means that it would be taking up space in your feline’s tummy at the expense of other more nutritional cat food options.
But what happens when you host weekly movie nights at your house and your cat is already used to the habit of hurrying to the kitchen when they hear kernels popping? Well, here are some healthier alternatives that you can feed your cat so that they don’t feel left out during the movie snacking fun:
Size of Kernels
The crunchy texture of popcorn, which makes it so delicious for humans, can pose a serious threat to cats. Since felines have small mouths, large kernels can easily get stuck between their teeth or even lead to choking. In order to avoid this, you should opt for kernel-less popcorn, which tends to be much smaller with minimal hard hull pieces.
If you notice that your cat has a piece of kernel stuck in its throat while eating popcorn, here are some immediate steps that you can take to solve the problem:
- Try gently sweeping their mouth with a clean finger to see if you can remove the kernel if it is stuck in the oral cavity.
- If you can see the popcorn kernel, however, it is out of reach, try and use a rubber tweezer to remove it. Be careful to make sure that you don’t push it down further. You can stick out your cat’s tongue to ease access and visibility.
- If steps 1 and 2 fail, attempt the cat Heimlich by holding your cat with their back to your chest and placing your fist beneath their ribcage. Gently pull your fist in and out with moderate pressure and sweeping movements to make sure that you don’t hurt your cat.
- If the Heimlich maneuver fails, head to your local veterinary clinic immediately for professional help.
Will Popcorn Hurt an Older Cat?
Possibly. Older cats tend to have fewer teeth than adult cats. This makes it more difficult for them to chew the popcorn, and they may swallow it whole. If this happens, there’s a risk that the popcorn will get stuck in their digestive tract.
Is Popcorn Healthy for Cats?
No. Even if your cat only eats air-popped popcorn, there are no nutritional benefits for your cat. Corn is not naturally part of a cat’s diet. However, it is often used as a filler ingredient in commercial cat food so your cat may already be used to the taste of it.
Which Breeds of Cat Shouldn’t Eat Popcorn?
Flat-nosed cats, such as Persians, Exotic Shorthair, and Himalayans, shouldn’t eat popcorn. These breeds are prone to chewing problems, choking, and retching due to them having smaller upper airways than other domestic cats.
How to Safely Feed a Cat Popcorn
If you want to treat your cat to some popcorn, only ever give them the air-popped variety. Ready-made bags of popcorn should be avoided because the packaging contains chemicals to keep the popcorn fresh. There are also likely to be unhealthy additives in ready-made popcorn.
Always make sure that you’re given your cat popcorn that has fully popped and is nice and fluffy. You can make chewing easier for your cat, by breaking the popcorn up into smaller pieces before giving it to them.
What to Do If Popcorn Makes My Cat Sick?
If you’re sure that your cat has eaten non-toxic popcorn, but they still fall ill, keep a close eye on your pet. Stomach issues are common after eating popcorn and the problem may soon pass.
Should your cat’s condition worsens or they don’t get any better, call a veterinarian for advice. They may want to see your cat straight away, or they’ll advise you on how to manage your cat’s symptoms at home.
When a cat falls seriously ill after eating popcorn, veterinary help should be sought straight away.
Most cats can get away with eating a small amount of popcorn. But you should always be aware of the risks associated with cats eating popcorn and choose only safe varieties for your feline friend.
Next, check our article on other household pets and popcorn.
Sue’s favorite pastime? Watching a good movie with a giant tub of popcorn by her side. Her friends and family know that if they want to get her something, popcorn is always a safe bet. Sue has an adventurous spirit and loves to travel exploring new places – she’s been to more than 40 countries!

domain: pet


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By: Mónica Lisete Hernández Santiago**
Suppose you just landed from your Caribbean vacation flight to your hometown airport in Texas. You have your documents ready to go through Customs to then get home to unpack your bags and unwind. An immigration airport official examines your documents and questions you further. After intrusive questions from different officers during an unnecessarily long interaction at a small airport office, you may now proceed with your travel.
Even though United States citizens have a right to enter the country, they are subject to the same “questioning and ‘routine’ suspicionless searches and seizures” noncitizens go through.1 This process has been ruled reasonable by the Supreme Court “when conducted for purposes of enforcing immigration and customs laws —and therefore exempt from the Fourth Amendment’s warrant and probable cause requirements—,”2 precisely because it happens at the border.3 Additionally, these practices have been increasing in quantity and intrusiveness for both United States (hereinafter, “U.S.”) citizens and noncitizens alike.4 Furthermore, what was once common for travelers —to not use passports when moving between the U.S., Mexico, Canada, and the Caribbean— is now required in order to enter the U.S.5
But then again, why were you stopped? Was it because you did not look nor sound American? After all, you are a U.S. citizen and have a valid U.S. passport.
This is not a strange scenario for many individuals who are U.S. citizens, either by birth or naturalization, but do not look like the stereotypical American with fair skin, light-colored hair and light-colored eyes. An example would be Puerto Ricans, who carry DNA of the West Eurasian, Sub-Saharan African and Taíno races.6 Although there is no stereotypical Puerto Rican look because of the genetic mix, some would argue they are darker skinned, darker haired and darker eyed when compared to the stereotypical American. Although Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917 due to the Jones Act,7 they have been treated as second class citizens because of their race and their complicated political relationship with the U.S.8 In fact, Puerto Rico is neither a state nor an independent country. It is one of the last few colonies left in the world.9 Lastly, Puerto Ricans are both Hispanic and Latino; therefore, many are victims of racial profiling in the U.S. at the hands of various security departments, including immigration authorities, and even during domestic travel —be it by land, air or sea.10
I. Immigration and Naturalization Act
“The major countervailing force against progressive immigration change is fear. Fear is at the heart of racism and xenophobia and we need not look beyond the basic core of modern immigration law, the McCarran-Walter Act, to see the force of this emotion.”11
The first Naturalization Act was enacted in 1790, and it excluded people of color from becoming citizens.12 Eighty years later, in 1870, naturalization was extended to individuals of African origin and descent.13 Nevertheless, in 1924, immigration quotas for nationalities were implemented “in which Japanese immigrants were banned and only a small number of eastern and southern European immigrants were permitted to enter, whereas Irish, Germans, and British immigrants were permitted to enter the United States in large numbers.”14
Although the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 ended the exclusion of Asian immigration into the U.S., it still maintained the origin quotas.15 Also, because racism and racial violence were rampant, “significant efforts were made to persuade African Americans to leave the United States and emigrate to . . . other places”, even though other African Americans were already avoiding coming to the U.S.16 Meanwhile in 1965, Congress eliminated the nationality-based quota system to try and “equalize immigration opportunities for groups previously subjected to discriminatory immigration laws and practices.”17
The immigration and naturalization laws of the United States have historically discriminated against minorities and people of color. To this day it still does, as Congress has kept restricting admissions into the country through its legislation.18 For example, the Refugee Act of 1980 aimed to eliminate biases in the asylum-seeking process.19 Nonetheless, the restrictionist period that followed is considered by many commentators as “an example of racial exclusion in one of its most blatant forms” towards Haitian asylum seekers, Muslim individuals, and Cuban refugees. The latter were subjected to indefinite detention because they “were found to be inadmissible and. . . could not be returned to their country because of their country’s refusal to accept them.”20
Finally, in 1996, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (hereinafter, “IIRAIRA”) was enacted, which increased border enforcement, added new summary exclusion and removal proceedings, as well as included new bars to admissibility.21
B. Admissibility and Discretion
Individuals that are not U.S. citizens have been historically referred to as aliens in immigration related processes. Such terminology is criticized because “[r]eferring to non-citizens as ‘aliens’ perpetuates and echoes the less-than narrative on immigrants that has been prevalent since the 1800s, where black people were treated as subhuman and inferior to white people.”22
The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1952 lists the classes of aliens (hereinafter, “individuals”),23 that are ineligible for admission into the country under section 212.24 Some of the reasons listed include health-related grounds, criminal record, security concerns, probability of becoming a public charge, past immigration violations, among others.25
Individuals that wish to enter the U.S. would first need a visa approved by the U.S. Consulate or Embassy.26 Then they can present themselves at a Port of Entry (hereinafter, “POE”) —an airport, the southern or northern border, or a naval port— to seek admission into the country, including territories like Puerto Rico. At this point an immigration officer will evaluate the individual’s travel documents and their person and decide —at the immigration officer’s own discretion— if that individual asking to enter the U.S. is in fact admissible or not. But when does this discretion turn into discrimination?
The Federal Government has the power to exclude noncitizens from the country.27 It is in its interest to prevent unwanted individuals from entering the country, and said interest “is at its zenith at the international border.”28 Likewise, the Federal Government argues that “the expectation of privacy is less at the border than it is in the interior.”29 “Travelers may be so stopped in crossing an international boundary because of national self-protection reasonably requiring one entering the country to identify himself as entitled to come in, and his belongings as effects which may be lawfully brought in.”30 This intervention does not require officers “to have a warrant, probable cause, or reasonable suspicion when conducting stops . . . at the border or at international port of entries.”31 Since “the person or item in question ha[s]entered into our country from outside”, the stop is deemed reasonable.”32 However, “even at the border, officials are required to have reasonable suspicion for those prolonged detentions that are more intrusive in nature for individuals than the routine detentions that are expected in the border.”33
Often, immigration officers will first take notice of travelers’ race and ethnicity.34 They might also be aware of their behavior around them, especially those they interpret as “‘nervous,’ ‘brisk,’ or ‘furtive.’”35 As for accompanied individuals, officers might try “to listen carefully to the way travelers are speaking and to perceive whether they are speaking in a language other than English, English with a ‘foreign accent’ or with a poor ability to speak English.”36
II. Racial Profiling
What is racial profiling? Racial or ethnic profiling is the discriminatory act of targeting a person based on race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin.37
What society identifies as race . . . is the result of social structures, historical truths, and attitudes that have shaped society’s way of thinking, resulting in some racial groups advancing at the expense of others. This advancement is a result of privileges obtained based on markers of race. These markers of race mean nothing until they are given meaning, and then that meaning is attached to social constructions and laws that allocate these privileges based on the racial markers. U.S. immigration laws were born out of this manifestation of racism.38
An individual’s race or ethnicity is not something one has control over, nor is it a “morally relevant characteristic.”39 This also affects “millions of native-born citizens whose sole crime is that they happen to be of the same race or ethnicity as many undocumented immigrants,”40 from the 328,239,523 people estimated to live in the U.S.41
The United States Census Bureau does not define Hispanic origin. They state that people who identify as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be any race, plus that their origin “can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before arriving in the United States.”42 This might raise a concern for the approximately 19 percent of the population in the U.S. who have reported to be Hispanic or Latino for the 2019 Census,43 including Puerto Ricans. Thus, this impacts the lives of those who have a Hispanic appearance, because the definition is so vague, that “it is not a surprise that immigration law enforcement officers are unable to apply the classification objectively as required by the totality of the circumstances.”44
Another recent instance of racial profiling and its injustice is the Trump administration’s immigration policies “that attempted to exclude immigrants of color . . . by signing Executive Orders that restrict immigration from Africa, the Middle East, Central America and Latin America.”45
Puerto Ricans also face microaggressions by contemptuously being called Mexicans and having their government-issued identification questioned or invalidated by mainland officials.46 This was the case of Eduardo Caraballo, born in Puerto Rico but raised in Chicago, who spent three days in jail facing deportation charges.47 When asked specific questions about Puerto Rico, Caraballo could not answer, “mostly because he moved to the mainland when he was [eight]months old and has only been back to Puerto Rico once since birth.”48 He said: “I’m pretty sure they know that Puerto Ricans are citizens, but just because of the way I look — I have Mexican features — they pretty much assumed that my papers were fake.”49 Caraballo concluded by stating that “[i]mmigrations should analyze the way they judge people. They can’t just judge people by their color or their features, by the way they look, they should actually investigate thoroughly, and they should do that before they put the hold on somebody.”50 This statement is supported in United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, where the Supreme Court stated that “[t]he likelihood that any given person of Mexican ancestry is an alien is high enough to make Mexican appearance a relevant factor, but standing alone it does not justify stopping all Mexican-Americans to ask if they are aliens.”51
A. Electronic Profiling at the Borders
The U.S. has two international land borders: the southern Mexico-U.S. border and the northern Canada-U.S. border. Historically, both borders have had opposite treatment towards their citizens asking for admission into the U.S. The Mexican border is highly scrutinized and observed; whereas the Canadian border has had lax control and has been low maintenance. Could this be part of a profiling scheme from the U.S.?
The Department of Homeland Security (hereinafter, “DHS”) has been modernizing the admission process into the U.S. throughout the borders by implementing a variety of technology for different security purposes.52 In general, DHS Science and Technology Directorate has been working to employ “combinations of process and technology improvements”53 that will help “securely facilitate the movement of people”54 throughout different POE’s with People Screening. They argue that People Screening is improving operations and that “its unique blend of technology, engineering, process improvement, human factors and biometrics capabilities . . . [e]nsure[s]integrity of the border and immigration system.”55 “Screening and authorization systems perform two categories of interrelated, mutually complementary ‘sorting’ functions”56 that help discern who should be denied entry, who are to be closely scrutinized, and it also facilitates efficient authorization to those individuals who present little to no risk.57
The American Civil Liberties Union (hereinafter, “ACLU”) has questioned and criticized the government’s security technology approach as “gimmicks and ineffective identity-based security”58 since its use has affected Americans in their domestic lives. One of the ACLU’s main concern is the invasion of privacy to civilians who live near the borders encounter.59 Because these technologies are so sensitive and store information for so long, some individuals might not be aware that they are being monitored and therefore, —due to poor programming— that they can be subject to identity theft and government or private tracking.60 This is an example of how security and immigration tactics can become a burden on private individuals, like U.S. citizens or lawfully admitted individuals.
The northern border —the longest in the world—,61 was of freer movement for Canadians, as the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between U.S. and Canada, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) provided them with the liberty of less scrutiny of admissibility and granting of visas to facilitate business.62 But, since 2001, security-driven anxieties have given way to the Mexicanization of the U.S.-Canada border.63 Canadian citizens that would have normally been admitted to the U.S. have been denied entry under the IIRAIRA grounds of inadmissibility.64 Because of new border control technologies, there has been an inconsistency in enforcement, which has brought “concerns about discrimination, and general lack of knowledge abounding, civil rights groups have harshly criticized the program as a form of racial profiling.”65 One of the most recent technologies that the DHS has implemented is the Slash CameraPole, which relies on thermal sensors, infrared cameras, and advanced motion detection algorithms to capture images.66
In contrast, President Trump campaigned to Build the Wall at the U.S.-Mexico border,67 but now proponents incline towards a smarter wall.68 DHS has implemented “advanced lighting, motion sensors, remote cameras, and mobile surveillance systems, and DHS has deployed a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor coastal areas and land borders”69 to deter immigrants from entering the U.S. unlawfully.70 Most of the drone technology utilized was designed for military use and is expensive to operate per flight hour.71 Drone technology is one of the many practices that has been considered to push the border outside of the U.S. because the interventions occur before individuals reach American territory or POEs.72 Nonetheless, this has not reduced the “aggressive immigration surveillance and control” at the land borders.73
One of the electronic systems developed specifically for the U.S.-Mexico border surveillance was DHS Automated Biometric Identification System (IDENT).74 This database network stores biographic and biometric information and is now used as DHS’s main bio system for a wide range of immigration and security-related controls.75 It is believed that the automatization of immigration policing should “reduce the incidence of errors based on police officers’ lack of knowledge of immigration law or invidious exercises of discretion on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin”, eliminating the possibility of discrimination during the discretion process while petitioning to enter the U.S.76 But when technologies are developed with a specific human target in mind instead of a specific immigration concern, are they are truly eliminating their prejudice or their discrimination?
III. Discrimination in Numbers
The DHS determined that 287,977 individuals were inadmissible during the year 2019.77 Fifty three percent (53%) of those individuals were asking for admission from the North American region.78 Twenty eight percent (28%) were from Asia.79 The remaining nineteen percent (19%) of inadmissible individuals were from Europe, South America, Africa, and Oceania.80 Meanwhile, 228 of the reported individuals came from an ‘unknown’ country.81 In general, the highest inadmissibility rates in 2019 were from: Mexico (78,888); Philippines (31,002); Canada (24,696); Cuba (22,367); China (20,295); Honduras (8,609); India (8,531); Venezuela (8,178); Guatemala (7,116); and Brazil (3,548).82
The individuals determined inadmissible from nine of the ten of the highlighted countries share two main characteristics: speaking a language other than English —such as Spanish, Filipino, Mandarin, Hindi, Portuguese, among others—, and having Asian or Latin American physical appearances and traits. With Canada being the third highest country with determined inadmissible individuals, we must remember that they share a land border with the U.S., which makes presenting themselves a POE accessible, and therefore being found inadmissible frequently. Also, around twenty two percent (22%) of Canada’s population is composed of immigrants,83 who may have tried to enter the U.S. but were denied such entry. These characteristics may be some of the factors that immigration officers consider —and has been shown they consider—84 when deciding whether to let an individual set foot in the U.S.
On the other hand, there are individuals who were returned —not deported— to their countries. Individuals who were returned are those with an inadmissible or deportable confirmed movement out of the U.S. not based on an order of removal.85 In other words, these individuals left voluntarily because they were not legally admitted, or withdrew their admission petition because they were notified that they were inadmissible. During the 2019 fiscal year, 171,445 individuals were returned to their countries.86 Forty-five percent (45%) of individuals were from the North American region, predominantly those from Mexico (49,633) and Canada (18,527).87 Following are those from Asia (39%) and Europe (10%), with the highest number of removals from the Philippines (27,618), China (17,845), and India (5,437), plus Ukraine (4,366), Russia (2,617), and the United Kingdom (1,824).88 South America, Africa and Oceania combined constitute the remaining six percent (6%) of removals.89 Within them, the countries with the highest removals are Peru (1,549), Colombia (991), Brazil (847), Venezuela (793), and Nigeria (569).90 The 160 individuals who were removed during 2019 were reported to come from an unknown country.91
These types of returns can be considered as another tactic to push the U.S. border outside of the country. For instance, section 235A of the Immigration and Nationality Act establishes preinspection stations in foreign airports that are identified as “serving as last points of departure for the greatest numbers of inadmissible alien passengers who arrive from abroad by air” at POEs within the U.S.92 Some of these preinspection airports are located in countries with high and equalized percentages of both inadmissibility and returns of individuals —like North America, Asia, and Europe— from Canada, the Bahamas, Ireland and the United Arab Emirates.93
Whereas individuals coming in from predominantly white countries, like Argentina and Uruguay in South America, and Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Switzerland and Iceland in Europe have low inadmissibility and return percentages in comparison to other countries that surround them.94 This raises a series of questions: (1) Do diplomatic relations play a role on admissibility rates into the U.S.?; (2) Are regional socioeconomics a factor taken into consideration by immigration officers?; and (3) Is similarity in physical appearance enough to cross the border? An affirmative answer on such questions would be alarming. Immigration officers do have standard and procedural elements to evaluate, but they also carry biases and discretion of their own, aspects that could set in motion possible discriminatory scenarios.
High inadmissibility and return rates are not new; the discretion, and possible discrimination, that have influenced those numbers either. The DHS still has a duty “to secure the nation from the many threats we face” and to “[keep]America safe.”95 Let us examine the past decade of immigration statistics, starting with President Barack Obama’s administration.
The Obama administration determined inadmissible a total of 862,632 individuals during the 2009-2012 presidential term, and 959,970 individuals during the 2013-2016 presidential term.96 The inadmissibility rates ranged from 195,804 individuals in 2012 up to 274,617 in 2016.97 As well, during Obama’s first presidential term, 1,607,519 individuals returned to their country, while during the second term only 578,938 were reported to have returned.98 Returns reduced by almost sixty four percent (64%) by Obama’s second presidential. Furthermore, these numbers reduced yearly, starting at 582,567 individuals in 2009 as the highest rate, and plummeting to 106,548 individuals in 2016.99
In contrast, President Donald Trump’s administration has reported to determine inadmissible a total of 786,162 individuals from fiscal years 2017-2019,100 with the 2020 fiscal year numbers to be reported on 2021.101 Individuals determined inadmissible started at 216,257 in 2016 and went up to 287,977 in 2019,102 for a total increase of thirty three percent (33%). During the three years of the Trump Presidency that have been reported as of now, 432,080 individuals have returned to their country of origin.103 These numbers escalated through the years, starting at 100,965 individuals in 2017 and reaching 171,445 during 2019,104 representing an almost seventy percent (70%) increase. We must consider that the U.S. imposed travel restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore numbers for admissibility and returns could significantly drop for the 2020 Trump’s administration immigration statistics.
The textual discriminatory immigration practices have changed significantly through time with the elimination of bills and bans that targeted specific social and ethnic groups. However, we have confronted a new wave of discrimination during the Trump administration at the borders and inside the U.S., with approved removals of any unauthorized individual present in the country.105 This is expected to change since President Trump lost the 2020 election race.
On November 7, 2020 former Vice President under the Obama administration, Joseph Biden, was elected President of the U.S.106 This represents a new era of immigration policies as Biden’s immigration plan states that it will “[t]ake urgent action to undo Trump’s damage and reclaim America’s values, [m]odernize America’s immigration system, [w]elcome immigrants in our communities, [r]eassert America’s commitment to asylum-seekers and refugees, [t]ackle the root causes of irregular migration, [i]mplement effective border screening.”107 Biden’s plan for the first hundred days in office includes a proposal to reverse Trump’s discriminatory administration policies, like the Muslim ban, the public charge rule, and the cruel treatment of children in cages at the border.108It will also incorporate training for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel for them to “abide by professional standards and [be]held accountable for inhumane treatment.”109
In relation to admissibility into the U.S., Biden’s plan contemplates implementing effective border screening “that will actually strengthen our ability to catch these real threats by improving screening procedures at our legal ports of entry and investing in new technology,” like cameras, sensors, x-ray machines and fixed towers;110 nothing that the borders have not seen before.Biden’s plan also considers cross agency collaboration plus building partnerships with Mexico and Canada in order to share capabilities and information for greater security of the countries.111
We cannot expect for immigration policies and border
discrimination to change overnight. These operations, if proposed and then
approved by Congress, will take time. It will be a matter of years before we
see changed behavior from immigration agencies and officers, as discriminatory
projects are repealed, and new ones are implemented. Even so, this does not
constitute a guarantee of modified behavior, as discussed before, since
immigration processes are based on the exercise of the ample discretion
delegated to immigration officers, which varies depending on their biases and
beliefs, although it should not be so. All the same, at the end of the day,
racial profiling should not constitute a reason as to why an individual is
denied admission into the U.S., let alone be removed from the country. Beyond
reforms to the many discriminatory immigration practices, the admission process
into the U.S. must be restructured to guarantee a non-targeted, non-racial
profiling proceeding for any individual. When traveling to the U.S.,
individuals should be held to the same standards and they should not face
imposed burdens because of who they are, how they look and where they come
*For this work, we limited the discussion to the available data as one of the displays of institutional racism in immigration processes and how it affects people of color when trying to enter the United States of America.
**Mónica Lisete Hernández Santiago is a fourth-year law student at the University of Puerto Rico Law School and writer forIn Rev. / I would like to thank Professor Fernando Colón-Navarro for his guidance during the research process, andProfessor Fernando Zambrana Avilés for his teachings, discussion, and feedback.
- Anil Kalhan, Immigration Surveillance, 74 MD. L. REV. 1, 14 (2014).
- Id.; see also U.S. CONST. amend. IV.
- United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606, 616 (1977).
- Kalhan, supra note 1, at 16-17.
- See id. at 17 (citing Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 § 7209(b), Pub. L. No. 108-458, 118 Stat. 3638, 3823 ; Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, Department of Homeland Security (December 17, 2018), https://www.cbp.gov/travel/us-citizens/western-hemisphere-travel-initiative.
- Miguel Vilar, Genographic Project DNA Results Reveal Details of Puerto Rican History, National Geographic (July 25, 2014), https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/07/25/genographic-project-dna-results-reveals-details-of-puerto-rican-history/.
- Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64-368, §5, 39 Stat. 951, 953.
- For a detailed discussion, see Juan R. Torruella, Ruling America’s Colonies: The Insular Cases, 32 Yale L. & Pol’y Rev. 57, 58 (2013).
- U.N. Special Comm., Report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2019, at 10-12, 14, U.N. Doc. A/74/23 (Aug. 21, 2019), https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3828123?ln=en. For the EMMY award winning documentary about Puerto Rico’s unique relationship with the United States watch Juan Agustín Marquez, The Last Colony, YouTube (October 6, 2017), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NP5Jcvke_es.
- Lupe S. Salinas & Fernando Colon-Navarro, Racial Profiling as a Means of Thwarting the Alleged Latino Security Threat, 37 T. Marshall L. REV. 5, 8 (2011).
- Richard A. Boswell, Racism and U.S. Immigration Law: Prospects for Reform after 9/11, 24 IMMIGR. & NAT’LYTY L. REV. 65, 103 (2003).
- For a timeline of the amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act, see D’Vera Cohn, How U.S. immigration laws and rules have changed through history, Pew Research Center (September 30, 2015), https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/09/30/how-u-s-immigration-laws-and-rules-have-changed-through-history/. For a summary of the Nationality Act of 1790, see Nationality Act of 1790, IMMIGRATION HISTORY, https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1790-nationality-act/ (last visited Mar. 5, 2021). For the text of the Naturalization Act of 1790, see George Washington’s Mount Vernon, Naturalization Acts of 1790 and 1795, https://www.mountvernon.org/education/primary-sources-2/article/naturalization-acts-of-1790-and-1795/ (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Naturalization Laws, Pub. L. 41-254, §7, 16 Stat. 254-256 (1870). For a summary of the 1870 Act, see Immigration History, Naturalization Act of 1870, https://immigrationhistory.org/item/naturalization-act-of-1870/ (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Karla McKanders, Immigration and Blackness: What’s Race Got to Do with It, 44 HUM. Rts. 20, 21 (2019).
- Office of the Historian, The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (The McCarran-Walter Act), Department of State, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/immigration-act (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Boswell, supra note 11, at 73.
- McKanders, supra note 14, at 21.
- Boswell, supra note 11, at 91-92.
- Refugee Act of 1980, Pub. L. No. 96-212, 93 Stat. 102; Boswell, supra note 11, at 94.
- Boswell, supra note 11, at 94-95.
- Pub. L. 104–208, 110 Stat. 3009.
- Tremaine Hemans, The Intersection of Race, Bond, and “Crimmigration” in the United States Immigration Detention System, 22 UDC/DCSL L. REV. 69, 83 (2019).
- Immigration and Nationality Act §101(a)(3), 8 U.S.C. §1101 (1952).
- Id. §212(a), 8 U.S.C. §1182.
- How to Enter the United States, USA.GOV, https://www.usa.gov/enter-us (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Ping v. United States, 130 U.S. 581, 603-04 (1889).
- United States v. Flores-Montano, 541 U.S. 149, 152 (2004).
- Id. at 154.
- Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 154 (1925).
- Pablo Chapablanco, Traveling While Hispanic: Border Patrol Immigration Investigatory Stops at TSA Checkpoints and Hispanic Appearance, 104 CORNELL L. REV. 1401, 1416 (2019).
- United States v. Ramsey, 431 U.S. 606, 619 (1977).
- See Chapablanco, supra note 31, at 1417 (concluding about United States v. Montoya de Hernández, 473 U.S. 531 (1985)).
- Id. at 1429. For policy considerations, see Secretary Napolitano, Memorandum for Component Heads, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/secretary-memo-race-neutrality-2013_0.pdf (last visited Mar. 5, 2021) (“The Department of Homeland Security’s policy is to prohibit the consideration of race or ethnicity in our investigation, screening, and enforcement activities in all but the most exceptional instances.”).
- Id. at 1429-30. For an example of a recent development, see Daniella Silva, 2 American women sue U.S. claiming they were detained after speaking Spanish in Montana, NBC News (February 14, 2019), https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/2-american-women-detained-after-speaking-spanish-montana-file-suit-n971716.
- Racial Profiling, ACLU, https://www.aclu.org/issues/racial-justice/race-and-criminal-justice/racial-profiling (last visited Mar. 5, 2021). See also, What is racial profiling?, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, https://www.cbp.gov/faqs/what-racial-profiling (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Hemans, supra note 22, at 70.
- Ilya Somin, Immigration, Freedom, and the Constitution, 40 HARV. J. L. & PUB. POL’Y 1, 3 (2017).
- U.S. Census Bureau,Quick Facts, CENSUS.GOV, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/RHI725219#RHI725219 (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- U.S. Census Bureau, Hispanic or Latino Origin, CENSUS.GOV, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/note/US/RHI725218 (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- U.S. Census Bureau supra note 41.
- Chapablanco, supra note 31, at 1453.
- McKanders, supra note 14, at 21.
- For example, see Tribune Media, Ohio police officer suing his own department for discrimination, WQAD8 (Mar. 15, 2019), https://www.wqad.com/article/news/local/drone/8-in-the-air/ohio-police-officer-suing-his-own-department-for-discrimination/526-5598d700-f111-4060-bc44-405413c773e3; see also Karen Zraick, He Wanted Cold Medicine, but CVS Rejected His Puerto Rican ID, THE NEW YORK TIMES (Nov. 4, 2019), https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/04/us/cvs-puerto-rico-id-immigration.html.
- Alex Perez & B.J. Lutz, American Citizen Faced Deportation, NBC CHI (Jun. 30, 2011), http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/localleduardo-caraballo-puerto-rico-deportion-94795779.html.
- United States v. Brignoni-Ponce, 422 U.S. 873, 886-87 (1975).
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Border Patrol History, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jul. 21, 2020), https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/along-us-borders/history.
- Port of Entry – People Screening, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Sep. 27, 2017), https://www.dhs.gov/publication/st-port-entry-people-screening-fact-sheet.
- Kalhan, supra note 1, at 33.
- Border Security Technologies, ACLU, https://www.aclu.org/other/border-security-technologies (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Madhumitha Jaganmohan, Global land border length between countries, STATISTA (Jan. 29, 2021), https://www.statista.com/statistics/1103985/border-length-between-countries/. (“The international land border between the United States and Canada is the longest in the world at almost 8,900 kilometers [or 5,525 miles]. It includes the border between Canada and the continental U.S. as well as the border between Alaska and northern Canada.”).
- Ellen G. Yost, Recent Developments in U.S. Immigration Laws Affecting the Entry of Canadians into the United States, 24 IMMIGR. & NAT’LITY L. REV. 391 (2003).
- Kalhan, supra note 1, at 13 (citing Peter Andreas, The Mexicanization of the US-Canada Border: Asymmetric Interdependence in a Changing Security Context, 60 INT’L J. 449 (2005)).
- Yost, supra note 62, at 406.
- Id. at 409.
- Snapshot: Protecting our Northern Border with the Slash CameraPole, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (Jan. 30, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2020/01/30/snapshot-protecting-our-northern-border-slash-camerapole.
- The Wall – an in-depth examination of Donald Trump’s border wall, USA TODAY, https://www.usatoday.com/border-wall/ (last visited Mar. 5, 2021).
- Shirin Ghaffary, The “smarter” wall: How drones, sensors, and AI are patrolling the border, VOX (Feb. 7, 2020) https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/5/16/18511583/smart-border-wall-drones-sensors-ai.
- Kalhan, supra note 1, at 41-42.
- Ghaffary, supra note 68.
- Kalhan, supra note 1, at 60.
- Id. at 63.
- Id. at 30.
- Id. at 64.
- Table 37. Aliens Determined Inadmissible by Region and Country of Nationality: Fiscal Years 2017 to 2019, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (October 8, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/table37.
- Statistics Canada, Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census, Statistics Canada (2017), https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-can-eng.cfm?Lang=Eng&GK=CAN&GC=01&TOPIC=7.
- See Chapablanco, supra note 31, at 1429-30 (describing what immigration officers first observe about travelers).
- Table 40. Aliens Returned by Region and Country of Nationality: Fiscal Years 2017 to 2019, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (October 8, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/table40.
- The Immigration and Nationality Act §235A, 8 U.S.C. §1225a.
- Susan Holliday, Cleared for Landing: CBP preclears travelers abroad to ease U.S. entry, U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, https://www.cbp.gov/frontline/frontline-preclearance (last visited March 2, 2021).
- See Table 37. Aliens Determined Inadmissible by Region and Country of Nationality: Fiscal Years 2017 to 2019, supra note 77 for inadmissibility rates; see Table 40. Aliens Returned by Region and Country of Nationality: Fiscal Years 2017 to 2019, supra note 85 for return rates.
- About DHS, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (February 26, 2021) https://www.dhs.gov/about-dhs.
- Table 36. Aliens Determined Inadmissible: Fiscal Years 2005 to 2019, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (October 28, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/table36.
- Table 39. Aliens Removed or Returned: Fiscal Years 1892 to 2019, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (October 28, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2019/table39.
- Table 36. Aliens Determined Inadmissible: Fiscal Years 2005 to 2019, supra note 96.
- Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (October 27, 2020), https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/yearbook (Specifying that “[y]earbook tables are released as they become available. A final PDF is released in September of the following fiscal year.”).
- Table 36. Aliens Determined Inadmissible: Fiscal Years 2005 to 2019, supra note 96.
- Table 39. Aliens Removed or Returned: Fiscal Years 1892 to 2019, supra note 100.
- Executive Order 13768, Enhancing Public Safety in the Interior of the United States, (January 25, 2017), https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/30/2017-02102/enhancing-public-safety-in-the-interior-of-the-united-states.
- Jonathan Martin & Alexander Burns, Biden Wins Presidency, Ending Four Tumultuous Years Under Trump, The New York Times (November 18, 2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/07/us/politics/biden-election.html.
- The Biden Plan for Securing Our Values as a Nation of Immigrants, JOE BIDEN, https://joebiden.com/immigration/ (last visited March 5, 2021).

domain: geography


text:
Luis Fayad, MD
27 years treating Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Luis E. Fayad has been at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for over the last 20 years. He holds the position of Professor of Medicine in the Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma. Dr. Fayad has over 100 scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and his main area of interest is the development of new treatment strategies in the management of large cell lymphoma.
MD Anderson Cancer Center: 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA

domain: medical


text:
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domain: entertainment


Tuesday, February 7, 2012
PAG Becomes All Metal Distributor
Precision Aviation Group (Booth 4110) has reached an agreement with Las Vegas, Nev.-based All Metal Maintenance Stands (Booth 5217) to distribute a full line of maintenance stands, support equipment and hangar equipment. The partnership, which includes stands for both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft, covers all six PAG divisions—Precision Accessories & Instruments (PAI), Precision Heliparts (PHP), Gardner Aviation Services, Precision Heliparts-Canada, Precision Accessories & Instruments-Canada and Aero Technology Inc.
Related: Rockwell Collins Names PAG Subsidiary as Distributor
More: Helicopter Equipment News


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text:
Nocardia are beaded, branching gram-positive rods that are partially acid fast and usually slow growing. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was first described in 2001, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns correspond with type VI Nocardia asteroides complex. Nocardia species are not a commonly associated with endocarditis, less than 20 cases to date have been documented. However, when Nocardia endocarditis is identified, the mortality rate is reported to be as high as 41% making antibiotic selection vital in the inpatient and outpatient
A 62-year old male with a past medical history significant for severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), atrial fibrillation, atrial tachyarrhythmia, and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath for one week. The patient was initiated on IV diltiazem, meropenem, and eventually required intubation. On hospital day two blood cultures grew gram positive rods, which were eventually identified as aerobic Actinomycete. Culture was sent out for DNA sequencing and N. cyriacigeorgica was identified. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed possible mitral vegetation.
Antimicrobial therapy was initially de-escalated from meropenem to ampicillin, but had to be escalated to ceftriaxone once N. cyriacigeorgica was identified by DNA sequencing. The organism was reported to be susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient received one week of ceftriaxone therapy inpatient, and was discharged on an additional three weeks of ceftriaxone and six months of minocycline suppressive therapy.
Two months later the patient was re-admitted for N. cyriacigeorgica bacteremia and a pulmonary embolism. During his hospital stay the patient had a STEMI, but due to multiple comorbidities did not undergo cardiac catheterization. The family elected to withdrawal care, and the patient expired.
N. cyriacigeorgica is more commonly identified in brain abscesses or skin infections, in the setting of immunosuppression. We report here on an unusual case of N. cyriacigeorgica endocarditis in a patient with COPD. Other than COPD the patient had no known risk factors for N. cyriacigeorgica, including chronic steroid use.

domain: biology


Nuggets 105, Rockets 95
The Denver Nuggets pounced when they sensed the Houston Rockets were starting to crumble.
Ty Lawson scored 21 points, Wilson Chandler had 20 and the Nuggets pulled away in the third quarter Wednesday night for a 105-95 victory over the mistake-prone Rockets.
Danilo Gallinari sank three 3-pointers and scored 18 points for the Nuggets, who converted 28 points off 23 Houston turnovers to beat the Rockets for the fifth straight time.
Denver took control with a 21-5 burst late in the third quarter, turning a flurry of Rockets' turnovers into easy baskets. Lawson said the Nuggets noticed a lapse in the Rockets' defense as their mistakes mounted.
''They're high-scoring and they love transition, but they don't like guarding,'' said Lawson, who also had seven assists. ''Whenever they scored, or even when we got the rebound, we played in the third quarter to push it and try to get easy points. They didn't really run back too much and that's what we did.''
James Harden scored 23 points but committed seven turnovers, and Omer Asik grabbed 13 rebounds for the Rockets. Houston coach Kevin McHale took point guard Jeremy Lin out of the game with 3:27 left in the third quarter, but the Nuggets continued their surge.
JaVale McGee turned in the highlight of the night, flipping the ball off the backboard and then dunking the putback with one hand for an 80-64 lead.
''I thought, if I didn't dunk it, I was going to get taken out of the game,'' McGee said.
The Nuggets shot 62 percent (13 of 21) in the third quarter and scored 12 points off seven Houston turnovers.
Denver poured it on in the fourth quarter, stretching the lead over 20. Chandler drove down an open lane for an easy layup with 9:18 left and fans headed for the exits.
The Rockets have lost eight of nine.
''I think, right now, we are low on confidence, there's no question,'' McHale said. ''You can see it with our guys and we're going to have to pump `em up and get `em believing again.''
McGee and Andre Iguodala scored 14 points apiece for the Nuggets, who've won eight of their last 10 games. Denver shot 55 percent (22 of 40) and outrebounded Houston 21-16 in the second half.
''We've just got to keep playing like that,'' Lawson said.
Lin, meanwhile, watched the fourth quarter from the sideline for the second straight game. McHale also yanked him at the end of Monday's 100-94 win in Charlotte in favor of newcomer Patrick Beverley. Lin is 7 for 24 from the field in his last three games, but McHale downplayed his benching.
''Jeremy's fine,'' McHale said. ''We're just looking for some stuff, it wasn't anything.''
The Rockets came into the game leading the league in turnovers (16.5 per game) and they were sloppy from the start on Wednesday, giving away five turnovers in the first six minutes. Iguodala finished a Denver fast break with a dunk after another Rockets' miscue for a 25-14 lead.
The Rockets cut into the deficit by hitting six of their first 12 shots from 3-point range. Carlos Delfino's first 3-pointer of the game came early in the second quarter and pulled Houston within 31-29.
Harden got poked in the right eye trying to block Corey Brewer's 3-point attempt from the corner midway through the second quarter. Rockets trainer Keith Jones came out to check on Harden, and they walked to the bench together. Harden checked back into the game at the next whistle, then converted a three-point play after a steal to trim Denver's lead to 40-35.
The Nuggets went cold late in the half, and Houston rallied to take a 44-40 lead. McGee dunked an alley-oop pass from Andre Miller and Denver led 46-44 at halftime despite missing 14 of 20 shots in the second quarter.
The teams were tied at 57-all when Denver went on the decisive spurt in the third.
Notes: The Rockets trailed by double digits for the 12th consecutive game. ... Harden led the Rockets in scoring for the 21st straight game. Moses Malone holds the team record, going 23 straight games as Houston's top scorer during the 1981-82 season. ... The Nuggets open a season-high, six-game homestand against Sacramento on Saturday. Denver played 22 of its first 32 games on the road. ... Nuggets coach George Karl got his 1,100th career win and Iguodala surpassed 10,000 career points.


text:
BAMAKO, Mali – Mali's chief prosecutor says French soldiers in the West African nation have arrested a member of an extremist group accused of assassinating four Saudi Arabians and an American national.
Daniel Tessougue said Thursday that Cheibani Ould Hama was arrested with three other people but could provide few details. He said Cheibani was to be transferred to Bamako Thursday afternoon.
Experts say Cheibani, a Malian national, was a low-ranking member of al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb. Officials in neighboring Niger have said he was among 22 prisoners who escaped during a June attack on the central prison in Niamey. The attack was carried out by suspected militants from the Nigeria-based Islamic extremist group Boko Haram.
In March Cheibani was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his role in multiple killings.

domain: law


Indian device vendor Micromax will be one of the smartphone makers to utilize Helio X10 chipsets that promise to deliver more performance and efficiency.
Micromax, which recently confirmed the exit of its chairman Sanjay Kapoor, released the latest mid-range 4G LTE phone – Micromax Canvas Fire 4G – running on MediaTek’s MT6735. The Canvas Fire 4G is an extension of Micromax Informatic’s Fire series.
India will have 236 million mobile internet users by 2016 and 314 million by 2017, according to the IAMAI and KPMG report. Both 3G and 4G will boost the mobile Internet boom in India that has around 900 million mobile phone users.
India will have more than 500 million internet users by 2017 from 350 million as of June 2015. The number of 3G subscribers is expected to reach 284 million by end of year 2017 from 82 million by the end of year 2014.
“We will lead the 4G adoption in the country by converting all our popular value Canvas series to 4G. Canvas Fire 4G is the first in a series of such launches,” said Vineet Taneja, CEO of Micromax Informatics.
Micromax CEO says 40 percent of consumers require a premium smartphone specifically to include a full HD resolution screen.
Strategy Analytics predicts India will overtake Japan to become the world’s 3rd largest 4G LTE market by 2017.
“MediaTek is well positioned to play a key role in the emerging Indian 4G LTE smartphone market by enabling affordable LTE handsets with its premium class chipsets such as the MT6735 and Helio X10, building on its 3G success in India,” said Sravan Kundojjala, associate director of Strategy Analytics.
MediaTek will focus on 4G LTE-enabled SoCs, the MT6735 and Helio X10, to compete with chip major Qualcomm in the Indian 4G smartphone market.


text:
2 Days Amboseli
Day 1; Mombasa – Amboseli:
We will pick you up from your Mombasa Hotel in the Morning and drive to Amboseli game reserve, drive slowly, looking for lions, elephants, cheetahs, leopards, gazelles, antelopes and different kind of birds. Check in at Lodge or camp, after checking in take your lunch (buffet) and relax by pool . At 4 pm go for the evening game drive. have a chance to see Elephants, lions, cheetahs, gazelles, wildebeests, buffalos zebras, warthogs, different birds and of course Mount Kilimanjaro. Dinner and overnight at booked camp or lodge
Day 2; Amboseli-Mombasa
After breakfast, game viewing en route before (an opational) Masai village tour (at own cost) then drive back to Nairobi. Lunch on the way. Arrive in Nairobi in the early evening then transfer to your hotel or drop-off at the airport
Tour Price Includes:
- Full board accommodation whilst on safari.
- Meal plan as described, B=Breakfast, L=Lunch and D=Dinner.
- Accommodation in double/twin/triple room sharing.
- All park entrance fees to include government taxes
- Professional driver/guide.
- Game drives as detailed in the itinerary.
- Exclusive transport in a safari tour mini bus with a game viewing roof hatch and UHF radio.
Things you need to budget for. The price does not include:
- Items of a personal nature

domain: travel


Mason Cooper, an industry veteran with
success in music supervision, music publishing, music production and more, is at the forefront of the modern paradigm of synergizing
the music, film and television industries, serving in his multifaceted capacities as Music Supervisor, Music Editor, Songwriter/Music
Producer, Soundtrack Producer and Film Production Consultant.
His comprehensive approach includes assisting with film budgeting and music strategies,
full service music supervising/clearance coordination, music/song editing and re-record mix oversight, working within all
film and musical styles and genres, overseeing composer and song licensing negotiations and documentation, writing songs and
producing music recordings for films and soundtracks, and assisting with project deliverables.
Cooper’s projects include the currently filming"Lamborghini"(Alec Baldwin; directed by Bobby Moresco), the
true story film "The Royal" (about the life of baseball star/criminal justice advocate
Willie Mays Aikens), Grandave's feature "7th & Union" (Omar Chaparro, Felipe Esparza),
Ambi Entertainment’s crime thriller “Bent” (Andy
Garcia, Sofia Vergara), the LA gang/peace ture story of "California Love," "Nine Eleven" (Charlie Sheen, Whoopie Goldberg), the recent Open Road theatrical hit about icon Steve Jobs – “Jobs” (Ashton
Kutcher, Josh Gad), the animated feature "Bling" (Taylor
Kitsch, Jon Heder, Jennette McCurdy), the graphic comic thriller "Bad
Kids of Crestview High" (Gina Gershon, Sean Astin, Drake Bell), The Geffen Playhouse production “Thom Pain” (Rainn Wilson), Entertainment One's/DirecTV
hit TV drama "Rogue" (Richard Schiff, Thandie
Newton, Cole Hauser) and the polyromantic comedy "You Me Her" (Greg
Poehler, Rachel Blanchard), AT&T’s Peter Farrelly created comedy series "Loudermilk" (Ron Livingston), Dennis Quaid’s thriller film “Beneath The Darkness,” the Raging
Bull prequel/sequel “The Bronx Bull,” the
animated film “Spark” (with Susan Sarandon,
Hilary Swank, Patrick Stewart), the Documentaries “My Fighting
Season,” “The Volunteers,” and "Locker
Room Addiction," and the Audience Music series
(for AT&T's Audience Network) that includes concert programming by Sheryl Crow, Korn, Taylor Swift, Machine Gun Kelly,
Imagine Dragons, Foo Fighters and many more.
Cooper's client network as a Music Supervisor and Film Music Strategist includes companies such as DirecTV-AT&T/Audience
Network, Sunset Pictures, Ambi Entertainment, Vitamin A Films, America Salutes You charities, eOne Entertainment, Mythic Films
and The Geffen Playhouse. Additionally, he has become a specialist in writing/creating original songs and hit song covers,
producing new recordings with actors and artists including: Dennis Quaid, Katie Holmes, Jason Alexander, Cheyenne Jackson,
Joey Lawrence, Kay Panabaker, Victoria Justice, Amy Grant, Bret Michaels, Weezer's Brian Bell, Dylan McDonald, Kyle Massey/Chris
Massey, Devon Werkheiser, Alex Aiono, others...
Full credits can be found at on IMDB, with past project highlights including director Christian Sesma’s “Shoot The Hero” (WB; Jason Mewes, Danny Trejo, Nick Turturro) and “I’m Not Like That No More” (Paul Rodriguez, Felipe Esparza), thirteen
television specials for Viacom’s MTVNetworks, Ralph Hemecker’s Warner Bros. hit series “Witchblade,” Showtime’s award winning documentary “Annie:
Life After Tomorrow,” MGM’s “Deal” (Burt Reynolds,
Jennifer Tilly), SONY SPE’s “The Prince & The Pauper” (with
Disney’s Cole & Dylan Sprouse), Primary Wave/DirecTV’s comedy series “Hit
The Road” (Jason Alexander), MGM’s “All’s Faire
In Love” (Christina Ricci, Cedric The Entertainer), the John Gotti inspired feature film “At The Sinatra Club” (Warner/Tricoast / Jason Gedrick, Michael Nouri), the Gil Cates Jr. directed
dark comedy “Lucky” (Colin Hanks, Ari Graynor; Phase 4 Films),
and Image Entertainment’s Sean Faris action packed “Freerunner.
Originally from the northeast, Cooper
began formal musical training at age 4, earned a music scholarship at Arizona State University, majoring in Business Management
and Theater, culminating in a B.B.A. (Music Industry emphasis) from Belmont University. His formal music industry career began
in Nashville at Bobby Goldsboro’s House of Gold Music and Eddie Rabbit’s Briarpatch/DebDave Music companies, forging
an artist-oriented independent publishing vision of the music business, and continuing that path as the Creative Director
for Lenono Music, the publishing company of John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Hitting Los Angeles in the mid 1980’s as Managing
Director of Lippman Kahane Entertainment, he helped rep management music clients such as George Michael, Bernie Taupin and
Megadeth, and solidified global co-ventures for the firm with EMI Music, Warner/Chappell Music and Polygram Records. Working
with LKE’s roster brought Cooper into the film music world, moving on to head the Film/TV Music Department for Motown’s
Jobete Music (catalogs of Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, etc.). During this time, Cooper wrote and produced songs for various
films and network TV themes (CBS’s “Major Dad,” FOX”s “Glory Days,” NBC’s “Sister
Kate”). The early 1990’s marked a return to Nashville, helping to kick start careers for artists such as Sony’s
superstar duo Montgomery-Gentry. Relocating again to the west coast, Cooper served as strategic manager for clients expanding
into the Film/Music arena, including eMusic.com, ARTISTdirect.com, rock superstar Slaughter, the Jim Croce catalogue, and
Rick Wakeman of Yes.
continues to focus on his integrated approach:
Fulfilling A Director's Vision And Protecting A Producer's Parameters...
...completed in compliance within distributor quality control standards.


text:
I don't know how to say this, but the picture, I will try to capture
But what I want cahnged is schools pressure.
The pressure to get honors, and at the end of the day try to sleep
Good grades, knowing teachers, and having to repeat the next week.
The stress grows daily as the work piles on
I just need a break, but the week runs on.
Got a couple of bad grades this term and didn't make honors
And I feel like crap when they praise those who did, making me feel smaller.
It sucks when you try your best and don't succeed
When people are passing by you with A's, while I'm at C's
My mental state is actually becoming very bad
Depression and anxiety from, great, more symptoms to add.
So please read me words and take them into check
Because I think we're all struggling from schools pressure to be perfect.

domain: psychology


text:
Last Updated on June 4, 2020
Recently I tried the Scottish Toasting Oat Yeast Bread Mix from King Arthur flour. As you can see, the bread turned out fine. However I didn’t like it. The reason? It was the oat berries.
Do you see the little white bits in the photo? They were hard and crunchy. Their consistency was about the same as Grape-Nuts cereal. The flavor of the bread was hearty and pleasant, I just didn’t enjoy the crunchiness.

domain: food


text:
We are not currently shipping to your gorgeous corner of the world via our website.
If you would like to order this design, please email us via the contact page or at firstname.lastname@example.org - and we will let you know how we can help!
Memory is the diary that we all carry about with us.
~ Oscar Wilde
Your memories, songs and laughter always stay with you as a souvenir of your time.
In collaboration with Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology’s ( RMIT) Textile Design student, Sam Seary.

domain: artistic


Glocal University organized an international webinar
Glocal Law School, Glocal University organized an international webinar on 20.06.2020, titled Rethinking Public Policy: Crisis Amid COVID-19.
The chief speaker of this webinar was Prof. Mohd.Nafees Ahmed Ansari, Director Centre for Distance Education, Aligarh Muslim University. In this webinar, the speaker said that public policy needs to be reconsidered keeping in mind the severe pandemic like Corona virus.
Prof. Ansari also expressed his views on the advice given by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi to the general public to make ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’. The speaker also highlighted the policies provided by the government at the time of the corona virus disaster and its adverse effects on the status of migrant labours, health issue, and the pitiable situation.
More than 150 participants attended this webinar. At the end of the webinar, the speaker gave many beneficial suggestions while answering the questions of the participants, in which he added that there is a need to make the laws and policies more liberal that are related to the workers as well as to strengthen the health facilities of the country comparing with European nation. At the end Dr. Amir Mahmood, Head of Glocal Law School thanked the keynote speaker, all the participants and colleagues.


text:
Joseph Keppler Jr. Iroquois papers,
Udo J., Keppler 1872-1956.
3 cubic ft. ; 3 boxes.
Correspondence, Newspapers, Photographs, Printed Materials, Publications
Primarily letters to Keppler, including a record of events and people at the Tonawanda and Cattaraugus reservations, among others, over the first part of the twentieth century. Well known correspondents include noted Seneca scholar, Arthur C. Parker; artist, Jesse Cornplanter; and Mohawk poet, E. Pauline Johnson. Other parts of the collection include newspapers clippings on Iroquois subjects, government documents, Seneca vocabulary collected by Keppler, and other miscellaneous documents related to the Iroquois and the Six Nations. Newspaper clippings, obituaries, pamphlets, photographs, and notes are included with the correspondence. Collection contains indexes of correspondents chronologically as well as a card file of correspondents listed alphabetically. Other information includes correspondence about the collection itself, biographic information about the correspondents, clippings and documents regarding New York State land claims by the
Caughnawagas and Saint Regis Indians, The New York State Museum, genealogic information, obituaries, clippings about the Wanamaker National Indian Memorial, photographs of a silver cross pendent, and correspondence regarding Iroquois masks.
Language: Collection material in English
Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library

domain: history


text:
Chants for sharmans during cemonies, chants for rituals of purification
manuscripts (document genre)
This manuscript was written by Mr. Luong Dai Ve's grandfather (whose name is forgotten). After he died, he bequeathed it to Mr. Luong Mat (Mr.Ve's father). After that, he gave to Mr. Ve in 1975 when Mr. Ve was at Gru urang.
16 unnumbered pages"
Cham manuscript, bound by threads, no covers, written in Chinese ink on double "Quyến" paper. The manuscript is threaded at the center. The manuscript is water-damaged on some pages. Pages 6, 7, 8 are empty.
The topic of the manuscript is ritual. The content is about chants for sharmans during cemonies, chants for rituals of purification.
Digitization of this manuscript was funded by the British Libaries' Endangered Archives Programme through the project, Digitisation of the Endangered Cham Manuscripts of Vietnam (no. EAP698).
Viet Nam (nation)Tỉnh Ninh Thuận (province)
VietnamNinh Hải (Vietnam : District)
RitualsVietnamViet Nam (nation)Tỉnh Ninh Thuận (province)Ninh Hải (Vietnam : District)Xuan Hai wardPhuoc Nhon village


text:
German composer-drummer-percussionist Hannes Lingens (known for the free jazz quartet Die Hochstapler) devised PLAY as a set of 100 cards with instructions for ensembles of any size and instrumentation. Each player follows the written text on the cards at their own pace, individually. The individual instructions vary from precise (two contrasting sounds, a very long sound) to vague (something funny, thinking of something you smell), and chance procedures demand a high degree of personal interpretation. Lingens devised this music play after composing Music for Strings (Edition Wandelweiser Records, 2021), wishing to stress that what we hear on that album is just one out of endless ways this could sound, and it is very much dependent on the person or people who played.
Israeli sax player Tom Soloveitzik, who wrote the liner notes to PLAY and plays in one of its versions, compared the improvisatory character of PLAY to practices used in Japanese Noh theater, as in both productions, the actors (or musicians) learn their part alone, and they meet on stage in front of an audience for the first time together as an ensemble during a play performance. “Meeting other vibratory-like creatures is part of the play practice, part of developing the self in contrast to the other, keeping one’s contours and dissolving them at will”. Soloveitzik also quotes modern composer Christian Wolff’s instructions to Berlin Exercises (2000): «Try to play, especially in timing, / in such a way that some awareness / of all the sounds, /even the quietest, / is possible»as a seminal reference of PLAY.
PLAY was realized in two recordings. The first one in Jerusalem, with Lingens and Israeli musicians, was recorded at Jerusalem Music Center in June 2022, and the second one in Paris, introducing an ensemble led by double bass player Félicie Bazelaire, and was recorded at BAFF Studio Montreuil in January 2023. Both versions suggest PLAY as «a space for projection where music lies between people and ideas… a playground for different habits to coexist without compromising one’s strengths to realize the score». The two versions differ, obviously, but both offer like-minded, non-hierarchal and compassionate dialogs within the two ensembles. Both versions demonstrate beautifully, as Soloveitzik notes, how PLAY as a concept and reality is also a place for acceptance, friendship, and generosity within a group of people. The Jerusalem version is more subtle and lyrical, often transparent in its sonic atmosphere while the Paris version, due to its completely different instrumentation, is more tangible and offers at times more tense and episodic dialogs.
Lingens sees a certain socio-political relevance in PLAY’s way of making music, as he is always interested in what he calls the «space between» or simply ambiguity. «It’s hard to endure ambiguity. It’s hard to leave others their space. But it’s necessary if you want others to leave space for you. And potentially inspiring, enriching», he concludes.
Shaul Kohn (guitar), Shira Legmann (piano), Nitai Levi (bass clarinet), Hannes Lingens (snare drum), Tom Soloveitzik (tenor sax), Pierre-Antoine Badaroux (alto saxophone), Félicie Bazelaire (double bass), Prune Bécheau (baroque violin), Richard Comte (guitar)


Students assault: Opposition stages walkout from J&K Assembly
Jammu: The opposition MLAs on Thursday created a ruckus and staged a walkout from the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly over the issue of alleged assault of a Kashmiri Muslim student in Haryana.
As the House began proceedings this morning, CPI(M) MLA M Y Tarigami and NC MLA Ali Mohammed Sagar raised the issue and demanded a reply from the state government. "This is happening repeatedly now and then with the Kashmiri students. They are being beaten despite assurances by the government. They have failed to stop the assaults," Sagar said.
The members of the NC, the Congress and the CPI(M) stood up and started protesting, asking the government to ensure the students' safety.


text:
Events LR Baggs Clinic – Nelson
LR Baggs Clinic – Nelson
Rockshop & L.R. Baggs Presents…
FREE L.R. BAGGS CLINIC
AN INSTORE DEMONSTRATION OF L.R. BAGGS PRODUCTS BY RENOWNED US GUITARIST RICHARD GILEWITZ
American fingerstyle wizard Richard Gilewitz packs in years of experience from playing, conducting clinics and heading up guitar and ukulele workshops worldwide, sharing some real live hints on increasing playing skills, fingerstyle techniques, guitars and gear. The 1-hour workshops allow students to quickly zone in on the strength and weakness of their fingerpicking techniques for both guitar and ukulele. Bring your instruments, paper and pencil for notes, and be ready to have a blast.
Whether a hobbyist, weekend warrior or full time professional, you’ll be entertained and inspired as this globetrotting 6 & 12-string player shares his experiences as a performer and master teacher, as well as his journey into the world of ukulele. Author of Mel Bay Publications’ “Acoustic Fingerstyle Guitar Workshop”, Gilewitz demonstrates ways to achieve a great sound, rekindle the love of playing an instrument, and why playing a guitar can be a life-long craft. This is a rare opportunity to study with this master teacher who is the creator of “GillaCamp”- the ultimate guitar experience. Richard is also a TrueFire Sherpa and writer for UK Acoustic Magazine, Uke Magazine (UK), and the L2P Network. He has been acknowledged in Acoustic Guitar, Guitar Player Magazine, Spectrum Magazine, and many other trade journals.
6:00pm – Doors Open
6:30-7:30pm – LR Baggs Clinic (FREE): This event will be filled with a brief performance followed by a jam-packed seminar on the effective use of pickups, their similarities and differences. Sponsored by Rockshop, this event is open to the public as a community event and all are welcomed.
$20 for each OR $35 for both
7:30-8:30pm – Ukulele Adventures Workshop: Using a simple tune, you’ll learn fingerpicking basics that can be easily applied to the ukulele. The session deals with fingerpicking patterns and simple chords that will get you started into the exciting world of the ukulele. Beginners will easily pick up techniques while advanced ukulele players will experience the fun of fingerstyle patterns and hone their craft.
8:30-9:30pm – Guitar Workshop: The Fingerpicking Engine and Rhythm Studies: You’ll learn chops, licks, knuckles and stuff that will start your fingerpicking engine which is the base for fingerstyle guitar. Learn easy picking patterns, strumming, chord shapes, transfers, and how to add life to your tunes with fingerstyle playing. Add some important rhythm techniques and your guitar world will expand beyond your wildest dreams.
Click here to check out LR Baggs products.
Don't forget to sign up to our Email Newsletter, Like us on Facebook, follow us on Twitter and follow us on Instagram to keep up to date with events, exclusive offers, competitions, product releases and all-round cool musical stuff!


|By Gaylen Duskey |
Tyler Sims made a pair of free throws early in the game to lift Calhoun to a 4-3 lead. The Red Devils would not trail after that. Sims also made 29 more points as his 31 led the Red Devils to a 68-45 victory over Hannan Monday night.
While Sims was scoring at will all night long the Red Devils did not put the 2-12 Wildcats away until Coach Danny Bunch unleashed a tenacious defense at the start of the third quarter.
With the halftime score 25-21 the Red Devils went to a full-court hawking press. The pressure got to the Wildcats and Calhoun scored the first 11 points of the quarter for a 36-21 lead and after that the route was on. Overall in the third the Red Devils enjoyed a 31-6 advantage.
In the final period Hannan went against the Calhoun reserves and closed the margin with five three-point goals but it was too little and way too late.
The win was the third straight for the Red Devils, 6-9, who travel to Wood County Christian tonight for a doubleheader.
Sims had 13 field goals - three three-pointers - and two free throws for his game high 31.
He was backed by Sam Brady with 12. Luke Sheldon and Lucas Wilson had six apiece while Ethyn Miller added five. Tyler Gerwig, Ryan Slider, Mason Sheldon and William Baker with two each rounded out the scoring. Zack Yanero, Riley Cain, Austin Gribble and Cody Starcher all played but did not score.
While two points was a season low for Slider, the team's leading scorer, he had 10 rebounds, eight assists, five steals and three blocks.
Hannan was led by Tyler Burns and Will Harbour with 12 each.
The Red Devils also won the junior varsity game by a 42-34margin despite playing without starting point guard Dylan Heiney who was ill.
Gribble led the way with 14 points while Baker chipped in with 11.
Yanero added six, Luke Sheldon four, Chris Thornton three and Dakota Jarvis and Jerry Jones two apiece. Chris Kirkland, Austin Hicks, Cain, and Nick Watkins all played but did not score.
For Hannan Josh McCoy and Jeremy Schofield had 12 apiece.


You might call it a cooler or ice chest. You may refer to it by its manufacturer’s name, like Igloo or Yeti. No matter. We all have at least one ice chest, but you may not know how this camping essential originated. Sit back, grab a cold one from your Coleman Cooler, and read all about it.
In 1802, a Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, invented what he named a “Refrigeratory.” (Much later, he renamed it the “refrigerator.”)
Moore had a problem. He needed a device that would allow him to deliver chilled, fresh butter to his patrons. Finding nothing suitable, Moore decided to fashion a solution on his own. He made a tub from cedar wood and lined it with tin. In between the tin and wood, Moore placed ice. He wrapped the outside of his invention with rabbit fur and covered the fur with heavy, coarse cloth. Moore topped his “refrigeratory” with a tin lid that hinged to open and close. Moore’s refrigerator was portable and easily contained his butter, keeping it cool during his 20-mile sales route.
With his new refrigeratory, Moore was able to transport his butter successfully during the daylight hours. This eliminated his usual nighttime deliveries. (Prior to the refrigeratory, Moore made his deliveries at night, when the heat of the day would not melt the butter.)
Moore’s patent was signed by none other than Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson liked Moore’s invention so much, that he purchased one for himself! Later on, Jefferson had a much larger refrigerator built on his estate. It held fresh produce, meat, and the ice cream that Jefferson so enjoyed!
Over time, improvements were made to Moore’s invention. Soon many households owned their personal refrigerator or ice box. The refrigerator spawned a whole new enterprise: ice delivery. Moore’s refrigerator had become a household appliance.
Ray ‘Otis’ McIntire, a Dow chemical research engineer, advanced the ice chest idea. It was 1944, and World War II raged on. Dow was eager to find an alternative to imported rubber, which was needed for the war effort.
McIntire’s experiments led him to discover Styrofoam, a material containing millions of tiny air pockets. Styrofoam was used as a rubber replacement in many different products, one being insulation for ice chests.
In 1947, the Igloo Manufacturing Company began operations in Houston, Texas. The company made large, portable, tin water containers for oil workers to drink from. Igloo was the first manufacturer to insulate their water containers or coolers. This made it possible to keep the water chilled, even in the brutal Texas summer heat.
The idea of insulating a portable food and/or water container was advanced in 1953 by Richard Laramy. Laramy worked for Queen Stove Works, a company that designed camping equipment. Combining Thomas Moore’s invention with Otis McIntire’s invention, Laramy made what he named and patented a “Portable Ice Chest and the Like.”
Lining a tin chest with Styrofoam, Laramy placed ice inside the insulated box to keep foods refrigerated. Laramy marketed his camping ice chest as “your home refrigerator away from home.”
The Coleman Company bought Laramy’s patent for a “Portable Ice Chest and the Like” in 1957. The company president, Sheldon Coleman, wanted to broaden his brand (known for its camp lantern) with new products, so he introduced the easier-to-pronounce “Coleman Cooler.”
Coleman’s first coolers were made from steel and were quite heavy. Switching to plastic made the coolers easier to handle and the Coleman brand became widely recognized, especially among campers. It remains so today.
Today’s coolers/ice chests
A relative newcomer to the ice chest market is Yeti. Brothers Roy and Ryan Seiders developed this latest innovation in coolers in 2006. The Seiders brothers wanted a cooler that they could stand on while fishing. They needed something durable, so they investigated the process called rotational molding (also called rotomolding). When rotomolding, a plastic mold is heated and continuously rotated while powdered polyethylene is added. This process ensures a uniform or even thickness in the resulting product. The Seiders use this process to form the “shell” of their ice chest.
Now it was time to find an insulator. Knowing that Styrofoam has a negative impact on the environment, the Seiders looked for an alternative. They decided to use polyurethane, which they discovered kept ice frozen longer than the usual Styrofoam. A full two inches of polyurethane is injected into the Yeti’s shell for optimal insulation. Yeti continues to gain in popularity and is worth $5 billion today.
Other innovations in ice chests are coming. Already there is the Coolbox featuring USB ports and a waterproof Bluetooth speaker. There’s also the SolarCooler which uses solar energy to cool its contents. With more than forty different cooler companies vying for the RVers’ attention, we’re certain to see new configurations and transformations in the years to come.
What brand of cooler or ice chest do you own? Tell us and explain why in the comments below.
Does all this ice chest talk remind you that you need a new one? Try here.
- How it Happened: How Buc-ee’s convenience stores got so famous
- How it Happened: A vehicle’s identification number (VIN) and what it means
We have a Coleman ice chest and a Dometic one. The Coleman is old school, plastic and styrofoam, requiring ice packs. The Dometic is newer and can act as a refrigerator OR freezer for each of the two compartments. It is cooled using AC or DC electric current and easily fits in the storage bays of our RV (as does the Coleman). Have wondered why Yetis are so expensive; thanks for helping me understand. 🙂
I recall our original 1958 chest style cooler which was clad in aluminum metal and touted as stronger than plastic, which it apparently was until we left it overnight on a picnic table at our campsite where it underwent destructive testing by an adult bear intent on obtaining the food inside it. A little teeth and claw work eliminated any further use of the latch and allowed the bear complete access to every bit of our chilled food while also removing an entire corner of the cooler lid. The remainder of our weekend was fueled with crackers and canned tuna fish washed down with warm soda. It was still a great family tent-camping trip we “boys” all remember fondly, especially the part where dad was trying to find objects to throw at the bear while the bear totally ignored his efforts.
I have some brand if Thermo-Electric that keeps around 40ⁿ it’s a power hog but we only use it when we will have FHU. It works on 12 volt or 120 with adapter. So it’s powered by rv batteries until we are plugged in again.
Sorry I don’t know the name of it
I believe I have an original steel Colman Cooler that belonged to my dad. When we went on vecation he would put it in the back seat on the floor. Me being the youngest that became my seat for the trip. I now use it in my RV under the dinette seat. It fits perfectly. I am 75, so the cooler has to be 68-70 years old.
Through the years, we have accumulated numerous coolers. We have worn out our share, also. Most of our current coolers are some variety of Coleman or igloo. Would like to get a Yeti or similar, but can’t justify the cost, when we have more coolers than we need.
We use a lifetime cooler. Similar in look to the yeti but much cheaper. Keeps ice for a few days.
Among others, I still have my original green steel and plastic Coleman that I bought in 1972.