text:
|Publication number||US4447373 A|
|Application number||US 06/348,852|
|Publication date||May 8, 1984|
|Filing date||Feb 16, 1982|
|Priority date||Feb 16, 1982|
|Also published as||EP0086530A1|
|Publication number||06348852, 348852, US 4447373 A, US 4447373A, US-A-4447373, US4447373 A, US4447373A|
|Inventors||Charles W. Chappell, Eldon G. Spletzer|
|Original Assignee||The Procter & Gamble Company|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (24), Classifications (46), Legal Events (5)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
The invention relates to a process for making filled articles from curable polymeric material, and in a particularly preferred embodiment to a form, fill, seal and cure process accomplished in one rapid sequence without removing the article from its forming molds.
Prior art workers have devised numerous methods for making filled articles from curable, moldable material. The filled articles, themselves, range from golf ball centers and tennis balls, on the one hand, to encapsulated medicaments and contraceptive devices on the other.
One approach to the forming of filled articles is exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 1,146,523 in the name of F. T. Roberts, issued July 13, 1915, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,223,019 in the name of J. R. Gammeter, issued Nov. 26, 1940 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,329,839 in the name of P. Kalowski, issued Sept. 21, 1943. The latter two patents teach the making of golf ball centers. Both patents involve the forming of hollow rubber balls in two halves, and joining the halves together while immersed in a liquid filling material. U.S. Pat. No. 1,146,523 teaches a method for making inflated rubber articles wherein the hollow rubber article is made in two parts which are joined together while located within a chamber filled with compressed air, the balls being thereafter cured and trimmed of flash.
Yet another approach is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 2,249,612 in the name of P. Kalowski, issued July 15, 1941. In accordance with this reference, a golf ball center is manufactured by drawing a raw rubber sheet into a cup-shaped member. The cup-shaped member is filled with a liquid filling material. The filled cup-shaped member is then capped by a further sheet of raw rubber. This structure is thereafter placed in a perfectly spherical mold and is vulcanized and cured to form the golf ball center.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,163,987 in the name of W. J. Eggers, issued Dec. 14, 1915 and U.S. Pat. No. 1,263,141 in the name of H. R. Strauss, issued Apr. 16, 1918 both teach methods wherein spherical rubber balls are made in two halves. The halves are joined together and the resulting balls are filled with fluid by means of a needle or the like, prior to or during a vulcanizing step.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,871 in the name of E. W. Merril, issued Nov. 20, 1973, teaches a process for encapsulating drugs and other therapeutic reagents which can be effused through the encapsulating material. According to this reference two blanks of circular disk-like configuration are formed from uniformly thick sheeted silicone gum stock. These disks are each placed in a shaped mold so as to form a depression in its center portion. This center portion is then subjected to direct ionizing radiation to cross link the polymer. The central depressed portion of each blank is thereafter filled with medicament and the blanks are assembled face to face with the medicament encapsulated therebetween. Gentle pressure is applied to the flange portion of the structure to cause coalescence between the silicone in the flanges. Thereafter, the flange portion of the device is subjected to ionizing radiation so that the flange portion becomes uniformly cross linked.
The method of the present invention for making filled articles from curable polymeric material has many and varied applications. For purposes of an exemplary showing, the process will be described in its application to the manufacture of vaginal contraceptives of the general type taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,976 in the names of J. L. Drobish and T. W. Gougeon, issued Apr. 22, 1980 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,090 in the name of J. L. Drobish, issued Apr. 29, 1980.
The teachings of the two last mentioned patents are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, these references teach devices used in the vagina to deliver spermicidal surfactant. The contraceptive of each of these references is foldable for easy insertion and, once in position at the cervical os, it opens to "cap" the os and remain in position, even during intercourse, so that access of the spermicidal surfactant source to the cervical os is not interrupted. The contraceptive is designed to remain comfortably in the vagina during the time between menstrual periods to provide desirable, prolonged release of a spermicidal surfactant.
In general, the contraceptive of each of these references comprises two dome-shaped or dish-shaped disks which are assembled into an externally rimless structure constituting a container for the spermicidal ingredient. The front or inner face of the device (that surface facing the os) constitutes a membrane permeable by surfactant monomers but not permeable to the passage of surfactant micelles. The outer or rearward portion of the device is less permeable (or impermeable) to surfactant monomers by virtue of being made of a different material, or by being made of the same material and of greater thickness than the front or inner face. The two parts of the device are assembled with their edges sealed together in any suitable fashion such as polymer welding, adhesive sealing, or the like. The completed unit is filled through a thick section using a hypodermic syringe. As a part of this step, air trapped in the unit during sealing has to be bled back into the syringe.
An important feature of the contraceptive devices of these references lies in the fact that each provides a reservoir from which spermicide is released in a controlled manner through the semi-permeable membrane which comprises at least a portion of the inner or front face of the device. The material from which the device is made is such that surfactant micelles cannot diffuse through the semi-permeable membrane. Rather, they must first disassociate to form surfactant monomer molecules which then dissolve in the membrane material and diffuse therethrough to its outer surface. Once so diffused, the surfactant monomers are free to dissolve in the surrounding vaginal fluid to provide their contraceptive effect. The predominant driving force for this diffusion is the concentration difference between unassociated (i.e., substantially monomeric) surfactant molecules in the solution inside and outside the contraceptive device. As a result, the rate of transport through the membrane will slow drastically when the exterior surfactant monomer concentration approaches that on the interior of the device, resulting in the desired controlled release of the surfactant through the membrane. The bulk of the surfactant remains in micellar form, where it resides in reserve within the device to provide a source of monomers over a long period of time, thereby delivering continuous contraceptive protection to the user for a time period of from about 20 to about 30 days.
The method of manufacture taught in the above noted references, comprising the steps of molding an inner or front part and an outer or rear part; gluing the parts together with an appropriate adhesive; filling the completed unit with a hypodermic syringe, and bleeding trapped air back into the syringe, was a slow process which did not lend itself well to commercialization. The present invention is based upon the discovery of a form-fill-seal and cure (where thermosetting materials are employed) process which can be performed in one rapid sequence without removing the unit from its original forming molds. This process is very much faster, dramatically reducing processing time. A more consistent and higher quality product is obtained. Typically less scrap is produced and the process enables more design latitude, since the entire process is carried out without removing the unit from its original forming molds prior to completion.
The process of the present invention enables the forming of uncured parts by compression or injection molding and the joining and curing of these parts to form a hollow filled or unfilled article. The joining step incorporates pinch-off of excess material forming a strong, reinforced, leak-free line seal which is smooth and flash-free at the exterior of the product. While it is generally preferred to maintain the seal area free of extraneous materials, this seal can in some instances be accomplished even when surfactant solutions and mold release agents are present in the seal area as the molds are closing. When the device is to be filled with a liquid, or the like, a novel purge and partial vacuum procedure is provided to minimize the volume of gas in the final cavity and the presence of gas bubbles in the walls of the unit, to eliminate frothing of the active filler material, and to provide a proper balance of liquid and gas within the unit to serve as a strong, resilient, compression molding core.
According to the invention there is provided a process of making a hollow filled or unfilled article from a polymeric material. The article is made in at least two parts by vacuum, compression or injection molding. When compression molding is used, a mold and forming die set is provided for each part. The mold and forming die of each set are brought into sealing relationship with a measured amount of polymeric material therebetween. Preferably the forming die is coated with a release agent. A vacuum is pulled in each set to minimize bubbles and flaws in the part and the part is formed in each set by compression molding. The forming dies of each set are removed with the formed parts remaining in their respective molds.
A measured amount of material to be encapsulated is added to one of the formed parts. The molds are thereafter brought into opposed position and sealing relationship with the molded part halves not yet in sealing relationship. The space between the molds (and thus the space between the part halves) is evacuated of air, purged with a purging gas, and then subjected to a partial vacuum in a vacuum and purge procedure to be described hereinafter. The molds are then fully closed and subjected to clamping pressure to join the part halves together in a strong, leak-free reinforced line seal, the exterior surface of the line seal being rim-free with flash removed by pinch-off. Normally, a small amount of purge gas remains within the article which, together with the incompressible liquid, forms a strong, resilient, compression molding core.
The closed and clamped molds are then heated by appropriate means to cure the polymeric thermosetting material. Thereafter, the molds are cooled, if required, and opened so that the finished article can be removed therefrom.
FIG. 1 is a diametral cross sectional view of an exemplary filled article made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
FIGS. 2 through 5 are semi-diagrammatic, cross sectional representations of a mold and die set for molding the inner part of the article of FIG. 1 and illustrate the sequence of steps for molding the inner part.
FIGS. 6 through 9 are semi-diagrammatic, cross sectional representations of a mold and die set for the outer part of the article of FIG. 1 and illustrate the sequence of steps for molding the outer part.
FIGS. 10 through 13 are semi-diagrammatic, cross sectional representations of the molds of FIGS. 2-5 and 6-9 and illustrate the steps of filling, joining and curing the inner and outer parts to produce the article of FIG. 1.
FIG. 14 is a fragmentary, enlarged, cross sectional view of the mold and die set of FIG. 4, illustrating the peripheral edge portion of the molded inner part.
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary, enlarged, cross sectional view of the mold and die set of FIG. 8, illustrating the peripheral edge portion of the molded outer part.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged, cross sectional view of the pair of molds illustrated in FIG. 12.
FIGS. 17 through 19 are fragmentary cross sectional views illustrating the sequential formation of the seal between the parts of the structure of FIG. 1 and the removal of flash therefrom.
The process of the present invention is applicable to the manufacture of hollow articles which may be filled with liquid, gaseous or solid materials, or combinations thereof. Furthermore, the process is valuable as an approach to the molding of a variety of shapes which are difficult to handle by standard techniques. As indicated above, while not intended to be so limited, the process of the present invention will be described in its application to the molding and filling of vaginal contraceptives of the general type taught in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,198,976 and 4,200,090. An exemplary contraceptive device of the type contemplated is illustrated in FIG. 1 and is generally indicated at 1. The contraceptive device comprises a container made of a non-porous, resilient elastomer substantially impervious to liquid water. The container is made up of a front or inner half 2 and a rear or outer half 3. The container is substantially filled with an aqueous solution of a spermicidal surfactant 4.
The inner part 2 has a thin membrane portion 2a, having a thickness of from about 0.254 mm to about 0.508 mm (about 0.01 to about 0.02 inches). As indicated above, the membrane portion 2a is such that surfactant micelles cannot diffuse therethrough, while surfactant monomers are free to dissolve in the membrane material and diffuse therethrough. Although the outer part 3 may be made of a different elastomer impervious to diffusion of surfactant monomer molecules, for ease in sealing it is preferred that it be made of the same elastomer having a thickness of from about 1.27 mm to about 2.54 mm (from about 0.05 to about 0.10 inches). The thickness of the outer part 3 serves two purposes. First of all, the thickness of the outer part 3 acts to direct surfactant monomers preferentially through the membrane portion 2a of part 2, the membrane portion 2a being the part of the device placed in proximity to the cervical os. In addition, the thickness of the outer portion 3 tends to provide extra structural support for the device 1, further enhancing retention thereof. Particularly preferred devices have an outer thickness of from about 1.78 mm to about 2.29 mm (about 0.07 to about 0.09 inches) to provide optimum support and retention without adversely increasing awareness of the device. In an exemplary embodiment, the device 1 had an overall height of 19.8 mm (0.779 inches) and an outside diameter of about 50.00 mm (1.968 inches).
While the process of the present invention is generally applicable to any moldable plastic, it is particularly applicable to moldable elastomers, and even more particularly to curable thermosetting elastomers. With respect to the exemplary application of the process of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 1, the material from which the parts 2 and 3 are molded must have certain parameters including strength, integrity, and the ability to be fashioned into a highly preferred shape. Furthermore, the material should be substantially water-insoluble and both toxicologically and immunologically acceptable. The membrane portion 2a must be capable of the desired metered release of the surfactant monomer molecules. The above mentioned U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,198,976 and 4,200,090 teach numerous silicone polymers, latex rubbers and other types of non-porous polymers which can be used for parts 2 and 3. In a particular embodiment of the device of FIG. 1, produced by the process of the present invention, excellent results were achieved using Dow Corning®Q7-2245, a high consistency, platinum catalyzed, silicone elastomer available from Dow Corning Corporation. The silicone elastomer was compounded with cross-linker. The curing inhibitor recommended by the Dow Corning Corporation to extend the working time of the compounded silicone elastomer was not used for several reasons. In particular, the exclusion of the curing inhibitor results in faster curing, and a lessened tendency for gas generation during curing.
The silicone elastomer may be compounded with cross linker in a number of ways. For example, compounding may be accomplished with a twin screw compounding extruder, single screw extruder, a ram or standard single screw extruder fitted with a static mixer or a roller mill plus calendering rolls. A preferred method incorporates an extruder and a static mixer with a thin, straight injection tube located in the resin stream between the extruder and the static mixer. The injection tube provides a stream of cross linker and this cross linker stream and the silicone elastomer stream combine in a unidirectional flow before entering the static mixer. This method of compounding is cleaner, faster and safer, and is well adapted to continuous compounding and automation. This method also reduces the number of small air bubbles in the final part which might cause leaks in the membrane part 2a. The extrudate is of cylindrical shape and is sliced into disk-shaped preforms which may be inserted directly into the mold and die sets.
FIGS. 2 through 5 constitute semi-diagrammatic, cross sectional views of a mold and die set for molding the front or inner part 2 of the contraceptive device 1 of FIG. 1. FIGS. 2 through 5 show the sequential steps of the molding procedure and like parts have been given like index numerals.
Turning first to FIG. 2, a lower die member is shown at 5, having a dish or bowl shaped cavity 5a shaped to provide the proper configuration to the inside surface of inner part 2. The die 5 has an annular rounded portion 5b adapted to properly configure the inner surface of the uppermost portion of part 2.
A mold for part 2 is shown at 6 together with a heat transfer medium passage disk 7, the purpose of which will be described hereinafter. The mold 6 is configured to provide the exterior shape of inner part 2. The mold 6 is also provided with an annular overflow notch 8, to accommodate any excess material during the molding of part 2. Finally, an annular vacuum ring 9 is shown mounted on mold 6. To assure a sealing engagement between mold 6 and annular vacuum ring 9, the mold 6 is provided with an annular notch 10 containing an O-ring 11. In similar fashion, the die 5 is provided with an annular notch 12 containing an O-ring 13 so that a sealing engagement can be accomplished between die 5 and vacuum ring 9, as will be described hereinafter. The vacuum ring 9 has a port 14 connected to an appropriate vacuum source (not shown).
The molding of the inner part 2 is preferably accomplished in the following manner. With the die 5 and mold 6 in unheated condition, the molding surfaces of die 5 are preferably coated with a release agent and its cavity 5a is charged with a measured amount of the compounded silicone elastomer which may be in the form of an extruded preform 15. The die 5 and mold 6 are advanced toward each other until both are in sealing engagement with vacuum ring 9. At this point, a vacuum (about 29 inches of mercury) is pulled on the charged cavity between die 5 and mold 6 to minimize the chance of air being entrapped in the silicone during the forming operation. This enhances the appearance of the formed part, minimizing air bubbles and flaws therein. This vacuum step is illustrated in FIG. 3. Following the vaccum step, the die 5 and mold 6 are closed, as shown in FIG. 4, to mold the part 2. Sufficient force must be applied to the opposing mold and die to bring their lands into contact with one another. This molding step can be performed as a single step at about 1500 psi for about 30 to 60 seconds.
Upon completion of the molding of part 2, the mold and die set is opened with the uncured part 2 remaining on mold 6, as shown in FIG. 5.
The molding of outer part 3 is accomplished in substantially the same manner, as shown in FIGS. 6 through 8, wherein like parts have been given like index numerals.
Referring first to FIG. 6, a die 16 is illustrated having a molding surface shaped to provide the desired configuration to the inside surface of outer part 3. A vacuum ring 17, substantially identical to vacuum ring 9 of FIGS. 2 through 5, is provided and has a port 18. A sealing engagement between vacuum ring 17 and die 16 is assured by providing an annular notch 19 in the die, containing an O-ring 20 which cooperates with vacuum ring 17. A mold 21 is shown, having a mold cavity 21a adapted to provide the proper configuration to the exterior surface of outer part 3. The mold 21 is provided with an annular notch 22, similar to annular notch 8 of mold 6 (see FIG. 2). The annular notch 22 will accommodate any excess material during molding of part 3. Annular notches 8 and 22 will cooperate to form an overflow chamber when parts 2 and 3 are sealed together, as will be described hereinafter. Mold 21 has an annular notch 23 formed therein to accommodate O-ring 24 so that a sealing engagement can be achieved between mold 21 and vacuum ring 17. Finally, mold 21 is mounted on a heat transfer medium passage disk 25, the purpose of which will be described hereinafter. The die 16 is preferably coated with a release agent and the cavity 21a of mold 21 is charged with a measured amount of the compounded silicone elastomer. Again, the silicone elastomer may be in the form of an extruded preform 26.
As a first step in the molding procedure, the mold 21 and die 16 are brought together until both elements are in sealing engagement with vacuum ring 17, as shown in FIG. 7. At this point, a vacuum is drawn in the cavity formed between the mold 21 and die 16, in the same manner and for the same purpose described with respect to FIG. 3. Thereafter, the mold and die set is closed while still under vacuum and the molding step is performed (FIG. 7). Again, this step can be performed in a single stage. At the end of the molding procedure, the die 16 and mold 21 are separated with the uncured part 3 remaining in mold 21.
The molds 6 and 21 and dies 5 and 16 may be made from a variety of metals and alloys such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum, beryllium copper, chrome copper, and chrome-plated metals. It is believed that the molds and dies could also be made of appropriate ceramic materials.
The molds 6 and 21 and dies 5 and 16 may be given various types of surfaces. The molds 6 and 21 are preferably treated to improve their ability to retain the molded parts as the dies 5 and 16, respectively, are withdrawn therefrom. Surface treatment of molds 6 and 21 may also be used to impart desired surface characteristics to the molded products. The dies 5 and 16 are preferably treated so that they will more effectively retain a film of mold release agent and thereby aid separation of the dies 5 and 16 from the parts remaining in molds 6 and 21, respectively. It has been found particularly advantageous if the molding surfaces of molds 6 and 21 are microhoned by blasting with a fine abrasive. This treatment imparts to the final product a silky, pleasant-to-touch surface. Furthermore, it helps the escape of small entrapped gas bubbles and, as pointed out earlier herein, assists in retaining the parts 2 and 3 in their respective molds 6 and 21 as the dies 5 and 16 are withdrawn therefrom. The same sort of microhoned surface may be applied to dies 5 and 16. On the other hand, the working surfaces of both the molds 6 and 21 and dies 5 and 16 can be polished or chromed plated. When it is desired to dispense with a release agent, it is preferred to provide the molds 6 and 21 with microhoned surfaces and the dies 5 and 16 with polished (and preferably chromed) working surfaces to facilitate retention of the molded parts by molds as the dies are withdrawn.
It has been found that, in general, release is affected by a number of molding parameters such as compression pressure and time, freshness of the compounded silicone, the material from which the molds and dies are made, the geometry of the molds and dies, the nature of the surfaces of the molds and dies and the mold and die temperature. In addition to this, it has further been found that most conventional mold release agents constitute poor release agents with uncured silicone. It has been determined that release agents containing covalently bonded hydrophilic or polar groups (or hydrophilic atoms) are preferred for good release. Examples of groups found in good release agents are hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COOH), ether (COC) and hydroxyl groups combined with carboxyl or ether groups. Furthermore, these groups must be present in sufficient strength or number. Good results have been achieved with the following substances used as release agents: water, gylcerine, glycols, and nonionic surfactants. In some instances solutions of the foregoing materials will also aid release. It has further been determined that it is best that the release agents be in the form of a liquid or soft solid so that they can be readily applied as a thin, uniform film, or near film.
Reference is now made to FIG. 14 which is an enlarged fragmentary view of the die 5 and mold 6 of FIG. 4. It will be noted that die 5 has an annular notch 27 adjacent the portion 5b. The mold 6 has a land 28 partially received within the die notch 27. This results in the formation on molded part 2 of an annular, peripheral, hook-shaped portion 29. The portion 29 is hooked over the outer diameter of land 28. This tends to retain the part 2 on mold 6 when mold 6 and die 5 are separated as in FIG. 5. This hooked engagement further prevents the part 2 from shrinking away from the sides of the mold, uncured silicone having a tendency to return to its shape prior to molding.
A similar situation obtains with respect to mold 21 and die 16. FIG. 15 is a fragmentary, enlarged, cross-sectional view of die 16 and mold 21 as shown in FIG. 8. In this instance, die 16 is provided with an annular notch 30, while mold 21 is provided with a land 31 partially received within notch 30, when the die 16 and mold 21 are in their closed positions. As a result, the part 3 has a peripheral hook shaped annular portion 32, engaging the outer diameter of land 31 to maintain the part 3 properly positioned within mold 21 when the mold is separated from die 16, as in FIG. 9.
With the forming portion of the process of the present invention completed and with the parts 2 and 3 remaining in their original molds 6 and 21, the filling, sealing and curing portions of the process are next performed. Reference is now made to FIGS. 10 through 13, wherein like parts have been given like index numerals. Reference is first made to FIG. 10. The molds 6 and 21 are located in cooperating, aligned relationship. Thereafter, the part 3 in mold 21 is provided with a metered amount of the aqueous solution of spermicidal surfactant 4.
The above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,976 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,200,090 teach a number of surfactants for this purpose, among which C10 EO5 and C10 EO6 are preferred. The surfactants are, of course, compatible with the material from which parts 2 and 3 are made.
It will be noted that vacuum ring 9 has been retained on mold 6. Once part 3 has been filled with surfactant solution 4, the molds 6 and 21 are brought together to the extent that they are both in sealing relationship with vacuum ring 9. At this point, the chamber formed between molds 6 and 21 is flushed with a partial vacuum, followed by purging with carbon dioxide, followed by a final flush with the partial vacuum. This system of flushing with a partial vacuum, purging with carbon dioxide, followed by a final flush with the partial vacuum, removes air, which could initiate oxidation of the spermicidal surfactant 4, from between parts 2 and 3. A partial vacuum of from about 24 to about 27 inches of mercury is used. Without cooling, a full vacuum could cause the surfactant solution to boil or froth and could also result in flaws, bubbles, pocks and leaks in the silicone parts 2 and 3. Thus, this vacuum level is a compromise between silicone wall quality, frothing and the amount of gas remaining in the sealed product. Furthermore, should the surfactant solution froth, this can result in product loss, and in some instances weakening of the seal. After the partial vacuum-carbon dioxide purge step of FIG. 11, the mold is fully closed to seal parts 2 and 3 and trim off scrap. This is shown in FIG. 12.
It has been found that if the part 3 is filled too full of surfactant 4, or if the vacuum level is too low, as the mold closes excessive internal pressure will prevent a complete seal from forming. At a slightly lower fill level or higher vacuum, a good product will be formed, but the completed product will have flash which must be removed in a subsequent operation. However, if the fill level, vacuum level and curing temperature are properly balanced, a sound, filled product can be formed without flash. The ideal gas-liquid balance and level will vary with curing temperature and possibly curing time since these factors, also, influence the internal pressure. It has been found advantageous to have a small amount of carbon dioxide in the product cavity, since the gas and liquid aid in the final product formation by serving as a strong, resilient, molding core. Without some gas within the product, seal leaks may occur because of attempting to close the molds 6 and 21 against an incompressible liquid core. Carbon dioxide is preferred because it is inert with respect to the surfactant and it diffuses out of the finished product more rapidly than would air or most other gases.
Reference is now made to FIG. 16 which constitutes an enlarged and more detailed view similar to FIG. 12. In FIG. 16, like parts have again been given like index numerals. The molds 6 and 21 are illustrated in their closed and clamped position wherein the parts 2 and 3 are brought together and permanently sealed. It will be noted from this Figure that seal lands 28 of mold 6 and 31 of mold 21 have zero clearance therebetween. Exteriorly of the lands 28 and 31 there is clearance between the molds, as at 33. This clearance extends all the way to the outermost edges of molds 6 and 21. It will further be noticed in FIG. 16 that the annular notches 8 in mold 6 and 22 in mold 21 form an overflow chamber extending about the joined and sealed product. The overflow chamber 8-22 is adapted to receive any excess silicone during the sealing step.
In addition to FIG. 16, reference is now made to FIGS. 17 through 19 which are fragmentary, enlarged, cross sectional views of the molds 6 and 21, and which illustrate the sealing sequence of parts 2 and 3.
FIG. 17 depicts the molds 6 and 21 in their positions shown in FIG. 11 during the vacuum-carbon dioxide purge operation. The hook shaped portion 29 of part 2 engages the outer diameter of land 28 while the hook shaped portion 32 of part 3 engages the outer diameter of land 31, maintaining the parts 2 and 3 in their proper position in their respective molds.
As the molds 6 and 21 are moved toward their clamped and sealing positions (as shown in FIG. 12) the parts 2 and 3 begin to be pressed together, as shown in FIG. 18. It will also be noted from FIG. 18 that the level of surfactant 4 within the parts 2 and 3 is rising.
When the dies 6 and 21 are brought together to their final closed and clamped position (as shown in FIG. 12) there is zero clearance between lands 28 and 31. As a result of this, the silicone material is squeezed both inwardly and outwardly with respect to the lands (both to the left and right of the lands as viewed in FIG. 19) and the lands pinch-off and trim the excess silicone from the product 1, defining the outer surface condition of the sealed area. The inward squeezing of the silicone material (i.e. to the left in FIG. 19) contributes to the integrity of the sealed area, as shown at 34. The excess silicone trimmed by lands 28 and 31 will go into the clearance area 34 between dies 6 and 21, and if sufficient excess material is present, will be accommodated by the overflow chamber 8-22.
FIG. 19 shows the ideal seal formed between parts 2 and 3. This ideal seal (both substantially rimless and flashless) is readily achievable upon proper determination of the above discussed parameters including the nature of the silicone material, partial vacuum level, gas-liquid balance and level, curing temperature and curing time. Armed with the teachings of the present invention, these parameters can readily be determined by one skilled in the art (for the part being made) through routine experimentation. While it is clearly preferable to avoid the presence of extraneous materials in the seal area, it has nonetheless been found that the excellent silicone-to-silicone seals of the type generally shown in FIG. 19 can in some instances be achieved even though excess surfactant solution or release agent may be present as the molds are being closed. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory of operation, it is believed that these materials are displaced from the seal area as the molds are fully closed.
Once the dies 6 and 21 have achieved the positions shown in FIGS. 12, 16 and 19, and the parts 2 and 3 have been sealed together, it is necessary to cure the uncured silicone parts 2 and 3. This is accomplished by heating the dies 6 and 21. Any appropriate heating system can be practiced, including the use of steam or the transfer of heat by contact of the molds with hot platens.
A preferred heating method entails the use of a hot liquid such as heated water, heated oil or the like. Excellent results have been achieved, for example, using silicone oil which is both medically safe and harmless to the dies. To this end, the back side of mold 6 and the backside of mold 21 are provided with spiral grooves 35 and 36, respectively.
Spiral groove 35 begins near the periphery of mold 6 and terminates at its center. The same is true of spiral groove 36 in mold 21. The portions 35a of mold 6 between the convolutions of groove 35 are such that adequate support is provided for the mold surface of mold 6 and the distance between the groove 35 and the mold surface can be relatively thin for good heat transfer. Furthermore, the mold portions 35a are backed and additionally supported by the heat transfer medium passage disk 7. The same is true of mold portions 36a of mold 21 which are additionally backed by the heat transfer medium passage disk 25. This allows the convolutions of groove 36 to closely approach the mold surface of mold 21 for good heat transfer.
The heat transfer medium passage disk 7 is affixed to mold 6 by any suitable means such as machine screws, one of which is shown at 37. The disk 7 is provided with an annular notch 38 to accommodate an O-ring 39 so that the disk 7 has a sealing engagement with mold 6.
In addition to the support provided by disk 7 to mold portions 35a of mold 6, the disk 7 also provides inlet and outlet passages for the hot oil or other heating fluid to and from spiral passage 35. To this end, disk 7 has a horizontal inlet bore 40 communicating with a vertical inlet bore 41. The bores 40 and 41 serve as an inlet passage for the heated oil to the outermost convolution of spiral groove 35. In similar fashion, disk 7 is provided with a second horizontal bore 42 and a second vertical bore 43. The bores 42 and 43 serve as an outlet passage for the heating fluid from the innermost end of spiral groove 35. It will be understood that the bores 40 and 42 are connected to a source of the circulating heating fluid (not shown).
The heat transfer medium passage disk 25 is affixed to mold 21 by machine screws or the like, one of which is shown at 44. The disk 25 has a first horizontal bore 45 and a connecting vertical bore 46, both serving as an inlet passage for heating fluid to the outermost convolution of spiral groove 26. The disk 25 has a second horizontal bore 47 and a connected second vertical bore 48. These bores constitute an outlet passage communicating with the innermost end of spiral passage 36. Again, bores 45 and 47 will be connected to the source of circulating heating fluid.
Typical cure times are from about 2 to about 10 minutes with fluid temperatures from about 200° F. to about 370° F. For example, with the particular silicone used, excellent results were achieved utilizing a hot oil heating fluid at a temperature of 370° F. for about 2.5 minutes. Similar results, on the other hand, were achieved at a temperature of about 200° F. for about 8 minutes. It will be noted that the curing time and temperature bear an inverse relationship. During the sealing and curing steps, the molds 6 and 21 are clamped at a pressure sufficient to pinch off excess silicone and to keep the mold lands together during curing (to prevent leaks and flash).
After the curing step, it is generally desirable to cool the molds 6 and 21 so that they are not opened at a temperature at or above the boiling point of the surfactant solution. Cooling of the molds can be accomplished in any appropriate manner. For example, the molds could simply be allowed to stand and cool to room temperature. Alternatively, cold water could be run through the spiral grooves 35 and 36, followed by air to remove the water therefrom. Preferably, cooled silicone oil or the like is used.
Once the molds 6 and 21 have appropriately cooled, they can be opened as shown in FIG. 13 and the completed device 1 can be removed from mold 21. Removal of the device 1 from mold 21 can be accomplished in a number of ways including: by hand, by friction, by gripper means, and by a blast of air.
Upon removal of the completed device 1 from the molds 26 and 21, the molds are cleaned of flash and excess silicone material and the process can be then repeated. A typical cycle time for the practice of the process of the present invention is about 5 minutes.
Forming-sealing pressure, curing time and curing temperature will depend upon the curing or molding requirements of the polymer used, the shape of the article formed, and the amount of material used for the process. In an exemplary run making contraceptive devices of the type described above, filled with a spermicide solution and utilizing Dow Corning ®Q7-2245 silicone elastomer, excellent results were achieved using stainless steel molds. A forming and sealing force of approximately 3500 pounds was applied in the exemplary embodiment to the lands of the opposing molds. This was achieved by applying approximately 1600 lb/in2 hydraulic pressure to a 1.68" diameter piston attached via a rod to one of the molds. A heat cycle of approximately 2.5 minutes was used for curing. Silicone oil at approximately 350° F. was circulated through the molds resulting in a mold temperature of approximately 250° F. After the heat cycle, the molds were cooled to from about 115° F. to about 120° F. by circulating 80° F. silicone oil through the molds. After the cooling cycle, lasting about 1 minute, the filled and sealed article was removed from the molds.
When parts 2 and 3 are comprised of thermosetting polymers which are curable at a temperature below the boiling point of the material 4 to be encapsulated, cooling of the dies may not be necessary. Furthermore, if the form, fill and seal steps can be accomplished fast enough (i.e., before the silicone is cured), and if the silicone can be cured and removed from the molds before the filler material 4 boils, the molds 6 and 21 could be constantly maintained at the curing temperature. It is also within the scope of the present invention to partially cure the silicone during the curing step and then to heat sterilize the completed unit 1, depending upon the heat sterilizing step to complete the cure.
Modifications may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit of it. For example, the process can be adapted to the molding of parts 1 and 2 by vacuum forming, rather than compression molding. In general, however, compression molding is preferred since vacuum forming of uncured silicone is more difficult, generates more scrap, may require the use of a curing inhibitor, and places greater restriction on the design of the unit. If vacuum forming were used, the process would be unchanged from the filling step on. The process steps ahead of filling would differ. The silicone would be extruded as sheets which would be draped over a mold for each part half and then would be subsequently drawn into the molds by vacuum. The mold for each part half would consist of just one part (i.e. an exterior mold), no die part being required. Since a one-part mold would be used, there would be no need for mold release of the uncured silicone.
Injection molding to make the individual part halves may also be used. Injection molding would not greatly alter the process from the point where the two uncured halves have been generated. However, it would require somewhat different molding equipment and techniques in order to form the uncured part halves.
In some applications, thermoplastic material, rather than thermosetting material, could be used for the individual parts. In many instances, thermosetting material is preferred over thermoplastic material, however since thermoplastic material has no cross linking and therefore has a greater tendency to creep under stress.
An exemplary form-fill-seal process for making the part halves using thermoplastic polymers may be outlined as follows: a hot extrusion and injection molding system is used to melt the thermoplastic and to inject it into two sets of cold, closed molds, thereby forming the completed (solidified) halves to be used in forming the final product. The two sets of molds for making the two halves are opened with the cooled and solidified part halves maintained within the specific exterior mold halves that will be used to form and seal the final unit. This might involve the use of release agents selected for effectiveness with the thermoplastic material in question, texturized molds, knock-out rings, air blow-off jets, or the like.
The exterior mold halves, still holding the part halves, are brought into opposition. From this point on, the filling, evacuation, purging and sealing procedures can be the same as those described above.
The chamber for the heat transfer fluid in molds utilizing thermoplastic material will differ from molds utilizing thermosetting material in one important respect. The chamber of each mold half should have two compartments. One compartment is a channel that lies only above the seal land, and either heating or cooling fluid can be circulated through this compartment as needed. The other chamber covers the bulk of the mold half and is used primarily to cool the part. As the molds are finally brought together, hot fluid is run through the chambers located behind the seal lands to melt the thermoplastic polymers over the seal lands. Once the melted polymer over the two lands has been pressed together, the hot, heat transfer fluid is replaced by cold fluid (below the melt temperature of the polymer), thereby completing the seal by causing the polymer to solidify. Thereafter, the molds are opened and the final part is removed. As indicated above, the molding of the individual parts 2 and 3 can be accomplished in a single-stage operation, rather than in a two-stage operation. Furthermore, depending upon the materials used for the individual parts and depending upon the materials from which the molds 6 and 21 and the dies 5 and 16 are made (and the nature of their surfaces), the use of a release agent may not be necessary.
It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the process of the present invention could be practiced by a unit comprising a form-fill-seal-cure press together with supporting systems including a hot heat transfer fluid unit, a cold transfer fluid unit, a high vacuum pump, a low vacuum pump, a hydraulic pump, a power system including circuitry for measuring, timing and controlling the subsystem interactions, and various safety interlocks controlled by heating and cooling fluid temperatures.
While the process is well suited for the making of a contraceptive device of the type described above, as an exemplary embodiment, the process is not limited, in making contraceptive devices, to the particular contraceptive device configuration illustrated. For example, the process of the present invention is well suited for making contraceptive devices of the general class described above, but which are lobed, which may have reinforced areas, or which may be partitioned by reinforced areas into a plurality of closed compartments.
As indicated above, the process of the present invention is particularly suited for making hollow articles. The articles may be filled, or not, as desired. The precise nature of the articles made by the present process does not constitute a limitation.
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|US1263141 *||Jul 15, 1916||Apr 16, 1918||Aranar Company||Process of making hollow rubber articles.|
|US1365462 *||Sep 22, 1920||Jan 11, 1921||Mechanical Rubber Co||Method and apparatus for manufacturing inflated rubber articles|
|US1575388 *||Oct 16, 1922||Mar 2, 1926||Paramount Rubber Cons Inc||Method and apparatus for making hollow rubber articles|
|US2223019 *||Dec 9, 1937||Nov 26, 1940||Gen Sports Inc||Apparatus for making playing ball centers|
|US2249612 *||Nov 12, 1938||Jul 15, 1941||Golf Ball Inc||Method of making golf ball cores|
|US2323582 *||May 13, 1941||Jul 6, 1943||C E Jamieson & Co||Method and apparatus for capsulating liquids|
|US2329839 *||Oct 9, 1941||Sep 21, 1943||Erwin Huebsch||Apparatus for making golf balls|
|US2513852 *||Dec 26, 1946||Jul 4, 1950||Alfonso M Donofrio||Method for encapsulating|
|US3269088 *||Sep 9, 1963||Aug 30, 1966||Scherer Corp R P||Apparatus for making fluid filled capsules|
|US3773871 *||Nov 19, 1971||Nov 20, 1973||Estin H||Method for forming implantable capsules with silicone rubber|
|US4111201 *||Nov 22, 1976||Sep 5, 1978||Alza Corporation||Osmotic system for delivering selected beneficial agents having varying degrees of solubility|
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|US4111203 *||Nov 22, 1976||Sep 5, 1978||Alza Corporation||Osmotic system with means for improving delivery kinetics of system|
|US4198976 *||Oct 11, 1977||Apr 22, 1980||The Procter & Gamble Company||Vaginal contraceptive|
|US4200090 *||Jan 15, 1979||Apr 29, 1980||The Procter & Gamble Company||Vaginal contraceptive and method of using|
|US4248275 *||Feb 9, 1979||Feb 3, 1981||The General Tire & Rubber Company||Method for obtaining uniformly mixed gases in a ball mold|
|US4294859 *||Nov 15, 1979||Oct 13, 1981||Armour And Company||Process for packaging food|
|DE2935603A1 *||Sep 4, 1979||Mar 12, 1981||Desma Werke Gmbh||Injection moulding tennis balls - with partly vulcanised hemispheres pressed together after removing core tool and replacing with air|
|Citing Patent||Filing date||Publication date||Applicant||Title|
|US4544588 *||Mar 26, 1984||Oct 1, 1985||Bayer Aktiengesellschaft||Hollow bodies of plastic materials|
|US4664256 *||Oct 2, 1985||May 12, 1987||Farmaceutisk Laboratorium Ferring A/S||Packaged stable enema solution or suspension containing 5-aminosalicyclic acid|
|US4773844 *||Apr 8, 1987||Sep 27, 1988||Ymos Aktiengesellschaft Industrieprodukte||Apparatus for producing a synthetic resin skin|
|US4900493 *||Jun 2, 1986||Feb 13, 1990||Ymos Aktiengesellschaft Industrieprodukte||Method for producing a synthetic resin skin|
|US5398698 *||Nov 15, 1989||Mar 21, 1995||Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft||Process for preparing an intravaginal application system|
|US5611976 *||May 22, 1995||Mar 18, 1997||Bayer Aktiengesellschaft||Process for the production of moldings from two-component reactive systems having a high filler content|
|US5660187 *||Dec 29, 1994||Aug 26, 1997||Hoechst Aktiengesellshaft||Process for preparing an intravaginal application system|
|US5693164 *||Feb 7, 1996||Dec 2, 1997||Bragel International, Inc.||Method of making breast enhancers|
|US6103154 *||Feb 27, 1998||Aug 15, 2000||Reebok International Ltd.||Method of molding cross-linked foamed compositions|
|US6129799 *||Aug 17, 1998||Oct 10, 2000||Mcgraw; John J.||Method and apparatus for making fluid-filled bladder|
|US6197140 *||Jul 7, 1998||Mar 6, 2001||Mantec Services Company||Method of assembling and bonding premolded skins|
|US6248278 *||Nov 13, 1998||Jun 19, 2001||Trisport Limited||Compression moulding method|
|US6451242 *||Apr 30, 2001||Sep 17, 2002||Trisport Limited||Compression moulding method|
|US6468462 *||May 6, 2000||Oct 22, 2002||Ams Research Corporation||Method for making an electrode balloon|
|US6805546 *||Oct 24, 2001||Oct 19, 2004||Thyssenkrupp Budd Company||Vacuum assisted molding apparatus|
|US6998083||May 21, 2003||Feb 14, 2006||Acushnet Company||Automated flash removal in golf ball production|
|US9132317 *||May 17, 2012||Sep 15, 2015||Nike, Inc.||Golf ball with thin cover and method of making golf ball with thin cover|
|US9415619 *||Jul 21, 2010||Aug 16, 2016||Flextronics Ap, Llc||Diffusion decoration technology|
|US20040232585 *||May 21, 2003||Nov 25, 2004||Moore Thomas E.||Automated flash removal in golf ball production|
|US20110132529 *||Jul 21, 2010||Jun 9, 2011||Flextronics, Ap, Llc||Diffusion decoration technology|
|US20130004694 *||Jan 27, 2011||Jan 3, 2013||3M Innovative Properties Company||Continuous process for forming a multilayer film and multilayer film prepared by such method|
|US20130310199 *||May 17, 2012||Nov 21, 2013||Nike, Inc.||Golf Ball With Thin Cover And Method Of Making Golf Ball With Thin Cover|
|USRE33239 *||May 12, 1989||Jun 26, 1990||Farmaceutisk Laboratorium Ferring A/S||Packaged stable enema solution or suspension containing 5-aminosalicyclic acid|
|WO1998056583A1 *||Jun 10, 1997||Dec 17, 1998||Bragel International, Inc.||An improved method of making breast enhancers|
|U.S. Classification||264/4, 264/102, 264/510, 264/248, 264/511, 264/85, 264/39, 53/408, 53/433, 156/146, 264/545, 264/512|
|International Classification||B29C51/00, B29C43/56, B29B15/00, B29D22/00, B29C45/00, A61F6/06, B29C61/00, B29C43/00, A61F6/08, B29C69/00, B29C43/52, B29C43/36|
|Cooperative Classification||B29C45/006, B29C43/52, B29K2101/12, A61F6/08, B29L2024/00, B29C69/004, B29C51/00, B29K2083/00, B29K2101/10, B29C43/00, B29L2031/54, B29C2043/5883, B29C43/36, B29C45/00, B29C43/56, B29C33/04|
|European Classification||B29C45/00J3, B29C69/00D, A61F6/08, B29C43/36, B29C43/56, B29C43/52|
|May 24, 1982||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY,THE, CINCINNATI, OHIO A C
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHAPPELL, CHARLES W.;SPLETZER, ELDON G.;REEL/FRAME:003990/0999
Effective date: 19820211
|Aug 21, 1984||CC||Certificate of correction|
|Dec 8, 1987||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|May 8, 1988||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|Jul 26, 1988||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19880508


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ANAHEIM, CA (CBS SF) – Take a stroll on Main Street USA inside Disneyland in Anaheim and you will find a plaque in middle of the main square with Walt Disney’s famous July 17th 1955 opening day speech.READ MORE: Maskless Uber Passengers Assault, Cough On, Pepper Spray Driver After He Refuses Them Service
“To all who come to this happy place, Welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past. And here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams and the hard facts that have created America. With the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world.” – July 17, 1955
PHOTOS: Disneyland In The 50’s
Since that day in 1955, over 700 million guests passed through the famous gates of the “Happiest Place on Earth.” Year to year, the park has expanded, renovated and innovated into a world-class resort destination.
ENTER TO WIN: Win a Disneyland Getaway!READ MORE: COVID: Bay Area Vaccine Hunters Help Those Eligible Struggling To Find Appointments
The park opened with only 18 major attractions including the Jungle Cruise, Autopia and Mad Tea Party. It featured just five themed lands, Main Street USA, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, Adventureland and Frontierland.
The theme park grew into a resort with the addition of the three hotels (Disneyland Hotel, Paradise Pier and Disney’s Grand Californian), a dining and shopping district, Downtown Disney and a second theme park, Disney’s California in 2001. Walt Disney once said “Disneyland will never be completed…as long as there is imagination left in the world.”
As it approaches its 60th year, diamond anniversary, the Disneyland Resort will kick off its yearlong celebration, saluting 60 years of magic in the spring of 2015.
“It’s an incredible time at the Disneyland Resort as we prepare for next year’s Diamond Celebration,” said Michael Colglazier, president, Disneyland Resort. “We’re excited to honor our rich history, to celebrate the incredible magic that fills our resort today, and to create unforgettable memories with our guests for many years to come.”MORE NEWS: Twitter Sues Texas AG Over Alleged Retaliation For Banning Trump's Account After Capitol Riot
You May Also Be Interested In These Stories
[display-posts tag=”disneyland” wrapper=”ul” posts_per_page=”4″]

domain: travel


text:
Schutzhund Dog Training and German Dog Commands
Schutzhund Dog Training, known as “hundesport” (dog sport) in German is very popular in Europe and across the United States. Today, highly trained dogs are used for many tasks such as police training, military, customs, border patrol and herding.9 Common Dog Training Mistakes and How to Fix Them
As a professional dog trainer of eight years, I’ve helped hundreds of people enjoy better relationships with their canine companions. After talking to me, people are often surprised at how seemingly unimportant yet simple mistakes can have such an impact on their dog training success. Here are the nine most common dog training mistakes that I see people make and how you can fix or avoid them.Read These Dogs Tips From An Expert
We all love to ask for advice. Sometimes we ask about our children, or a house repair, or even financial situations. Asking for advice about dogs is also great, and this article is a perfect place to start. You’ll find a ton of tips which really change how you view your dog.Hard Time Training Your Pooch? Try These Expert Tips!
Many dogs like to dig, but you can stop this behavior if you know the proper way to train your dog. Like most dogs they get bored easily from their daily routine and can often turn to unacceptable behavior such as digging. This article contains a number of tips on how to prevent your dog from digging that will keep you happy and your dog from tearing up your yard.Expert View on the US’s Favorite Dogs
The Labrador Retriever’s endearing traits, adaptable living situation, healthy disposition, and easy care requirements make this breed a great choice for any moderately-active dog owner. Labs bred from English lines (English Labs) are more calm and laid back than Labradors bred from American lines. English Labs mature quicker than the American type.

domain: pet


text:
Karl is a singer songwriter based in the UK and living very locally. Writing music is something he has done for his whole life, taking inspiration from the likes of Frank Turner and Newton Faulker. His no nonsense approach to new music is a refreshing take on the ever booming singer songwriter genre.
Having performed the width and breadth of the country, Karl has received sterling reviews from the Great British public, such as:
Bev: Yeah, he’s not bad really.
Keith: Solid mate.
BBC’s Alan Raw: Actually quite good.

domain: entertainment


text:
Many Everton fans have slammed Kaveh Solhekol after a question he asked to Dominic Calvert-Lewin while on England international duty.
As shared by Toffee TV, the Sky Sports journalist interviewed the Toffees striker ahead of the Three Lions’ last 16 game against Germany at Wembley on Tuesday evening.
Should Calvert-Lewin start for England?
Speaking to Calvert-Lewin, Solhekol said: ‘You’re not going to start for England unless Harry Kane is unavailable’, and asked him ‘how difficult is that?’
Although Kane is the captain and arguably the talisman of the England team, it was still a rather insulting question to ask, as Calvert-Lewin will have ambitions to start in front of the Tottenham marksman.
Kane has not exactly lit up Euro 2020 so far, with no goals in the group stages of the tournament, and he has been criticised by some in the media for his displays (The Guardian).
Calvert-Lewin should be right to feel aggrieved by Solhekol’s suggestion and subsequent question.
Everton fans on Solhekol
These Everton fans slammed Solhekol on Twitter after hearing about his question, with one supporter even going as far as to claim that it was ‘pathetic’ from the journalist:
“One of the worst journos in the game…”
Click here to comment on this articleor
Give us feedback on your Football Transfer Tavern experience

domain: news


text:
VIPs and some of their clients.
The program Tax calculator being developed as per requirements, if you need more, please sends a mail. The ratio is calculated as follows: Rupali life Insurance Company Ltd.
This ratio measures the ability to meet contractual interest payment that means how much the company able to pay interest from their income. It can be calculated using the following formula: The clauses describe the nature, extent and scope of insurance and define comprehensive conditions and restrictions.
The capital and liabilities of the company is just equal to the property and asset hold by the company. Be certain that the data being compared have all been developed in the same way. The fixed-asset turnover ratio is calculated as: From the discussion we found that they have very much confidence on their surveyor and still now they do not found any material hazard by any client.
The drawings under export cash credit limit are usually adjusted by drawings in packing credit limit which is in turn liquidated by negotiation of export documents. Facilities allowed in connection with foreign remittance a No collection commission is realized for collection of Taka draft from branches of same bank or from branches of other banks.
The firms ability to meet all of its obligations short and long term. Foreign Remittance Foreign remittance plays an important role in the overall foreign exchange business of Rupali bank ltd.
The basic idea behind the formation of four underwriting corporations, two in each main branch of life and general, was to encourage competition even under a nationalized system. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess inventory.
Graphical representation of premium income of fire insurance policy Comment: Sometimes foreign remittance are received as agent commission and salary of the Bangladeshi national doing job in foreign country. Now let us discuss the special features of the fire insurance.
The scope of this report is limited to the overall description of the bank, its services, its position in the industry, its financial performance analysis the practical progress of its operation. The scope of the study is limited to organizational setup, functions and performances.
Notice is hereby given that the 16th Annual General Meeting of Rupali Life Insurance Company Limited was held on Monday 26 September at a.m at read more.
A Report On The Performance Evaluation Of Rupali Insurance Company Limited Prepared for Md. Dilshadul Islam by. Major objective of this report is to analysis Deposit and Credit Service and Performance Appraisal of Rupali Bank Limited.
Other objectives are to the financial performance of the bank and to know the management skillfulness. Term Paper on “Performance Analysis of Rupali Life Insurance Company Limited ”, as you have authorized us in this janettravellmd.com have observed closely & studies different aspect of.
Rupali Insurance Company Limited (RUPALIINS) (Rupali Insurance Company Limited) - Insurance - Dhaka Stock Exchange New chairman for Rupali Insurance: Share Capital; Total Shares: Analyst Forum Add a Post Advanced Search Mutual Funds Mutual Funds News Fund's Performance Summary: Analysis Tools Company Statistics Support and.Performance analysis of rupali insurance limited

domain: finance


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As read in “Up Next: ‘Sister Act,’” there are several different performances coming to Osceola Arts this year.
The News-Gazette sat down with Shana S. Burns, a director and choreographer for Osceola Arts, who is directing this season’s “Sister Act” (March 1-24), to talk a little bit about her experience and excitement for the arts.
Osceola News-Gazette: Is this your first time directing a production with Osceola Arts?
Burns: “This was my first time as a solo director on the main stage production musical.”
News-Gazette: What other productions have you worked on?
Burns: “I have assistant directed the Singsation Youth Choir.”
News-Gazette: What path did you take to get to where you are now? Did you start as a performer?
Burns: “I started out as a dancer, then went into performing musicals as an actor/singer/dancer. That’s what got me into my love of musicals. But my first time in the production side of things was when I choreographed my first musical “Footloose.” I have been a professional dancer and performer since 2004.”
News-Gazette: What was your biggest or most memorable performance?
Burns: “My biggest and most memorable performance was when I was cast as a dancer in the major motion picture ‘Rock of Ages.’”
News-Gazette: What is your favorite production to watch as an audience member?
Burns: “My favorite musical to watch as an audience member is Rock of Ages. But, to be honest… I have like 15 others that are on that list! White Christmas, Holiday Inn, Legally Blonde, Clue, Chicago, Fosse, Cabaret, On the Town, Newsies, Stomp, 42nd Street, An American In Paris… There are too many!”

domain: artistic


Endo What? Film
Endo What? – The Highly Acclaimed 2016 Documentary about Endometriosis featuring Dr. Iris Orbuch. See Dr. Iris Orbuch in the new feature documentary by Shannon Cohn and her team, ENDO WHAT?
For more information, visit http://endowhat.com.
Film Review by Dr. Iris Orbuch
“Groundbreaking effort to educate women and society at large about a very prevalent disease. Approaching endometriosis via a multidisciplinary approach combining western and eastern medicine, nutrition as well mind-body restoration…A must see for every pediatrician, school nurse, gastroenterologist, gynecologist, psychologist,family practitioner, internist, mother, father, sister, brother, husband, spouse, boyfriend and girlfriend. Society must be educated property about endometriosis and this is the film to finally do it! Finally a film to empower women to take control of their endometriosis.”
Articles about the Endo What Documentary


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As with any superhero movie, whether it's Marvel or DC Comics, you're right to wonder, "Should I stick around after the movie for a post-credits scene?" The whole post-credits trend started when 2008's Ironman teased The Avengers after the credits stopped rolling. After that, almost every Marvel movie has teased fans about an upcoming film. DC just recently started to experiment with the formula. Only Suicide Squad, Justice League, Aquaman, and Shazam! have post-credits scenes — so far.
Since 'Suicide Squad' has a post-credits scene, will 'Birds of Prey' have one too?
Since Birds of Prey is a Suicide Squad spin-off, it would make sense for it to also have a scene after the closing credits. The post-credits scene in Suicide Squad showed Amanda Waller and Bruce Wayne talking about what a disaster of an idea it was to form the Suicide Squad. Bruce tells Amanda that "his friends" will shut down Suicide Squad for her. He's talking about the Justice League, and the whole scene hints that there's going to be a Justice League 2 movie in the future (we don't know when, though).
Birds of Prey, on the other hand, doesn't have a traditional post-credits scene. Rather, it's more the cherry-on-top. But maybe, maybe there's some hidden meaning to the funny clip.
What happens in the 'Birds of Prey' "post-credit" scene?
What happens is: the screen goes black and we hear Harley just making fun of people who stayed to watch. So meta! She also starts saying, "Did you know that Batman f-," before she's cut off. Does that F word rhyme with "luck" by any chances? Maybe Batman...FOUND something or someone. Batman FIRED Robin, as it turns out? IDK.
Batman isn't even in Birds of Prey (unless you count Harley's pet hyena, Bruce Wayne), so it's unclear why Harley would mention him. Unless DC's got plans for Harley and Bruce to meet in the future. Robert Pattinson has been cast as the new Batman, but it sounds like his movies will focus on Younger Bruce Wayne — so the timelines don't add up.
But most likely, director Cathy Yan just wanted to mess with us with a "post-credits" scene that makes fun of itself. At the end of the day, Birds of Prey doesn't take itself too seriously — which is a nice direction DC is going in.


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For the relief of itching, burning and soreness of haemorrhoids and minor rectal inflammations and irritation. Useful also in minor skin irritation, itching and chafing.
Wash and dry affected area. Apply ointment twice daily ensuring area is completely covered. Attach the plastic applicator tip onto the open tube. Insert tip into the rectum and gently squeeze the tube. After use wash nozzle in hot solution of detergent and then thoroughly rinse in clear water. If difficulty is experienced in squeezing the ointment out of the tube, warm tube by holding it between the hands for a few minutes.
Zinc oxide 10.75%w/w, Peru Balsam 1.88%w/w and Benzyl Benzoate 1.25%w/w in a bland base.
Consult a doctor if symptoms persist. Store below 30ºC

domain: medical


text:
Ccmhockey смотреть последние обновления за сегодня на .
A number of first-round picks from the 2022 Upper Deck NHL Draft tour and take part in performances at the CCM Performance Lab in Saint-Laurent, Quebec. Subscribe to our channel for the latest hockey action by clicking the big, red shiny SUBSCRIBE button. Watch live hockey wherever you are: 🤍 Breaking news, scores, stats, analysis & real-time highlights: 🤍 Feeling social? Twitter: 🤍 Facebook: 🤍 Instagram: 🤍 -~-~~-~~~-~~-~- Please watch: "New Jersey Devils vs. Carolina Hurricanes | Live Chat | Game 4 | NHL Playoffs" 🤍 -~-~~-~~~-~~-~-
You can finally get your hands on the best low-kick stick starting today: the new Ribcor Trigger 7 Pro stick (and its stunning new colour) is officially out 🙌 Its unique asymmetric geometry provides ultra-quick releases on every single shot. Get yours today in stores or at 🤍
CCM Jetspeed FT6 Pro vs FT4 Pro hockey skates review - What has changed? Tech and Spec HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 CCM - 🤍 Join our channel membership to get access to exclusive perks: 🤍 Join us on instagram - 🤍 #CCM #FT6 #Skates HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍
On Ice test with CCM Hockey Skates Ribcor 100K Pro vs Jetspeed FT4 Pro vs Super Tacks AS3 Pro Get your Skates here 🤍 North America order your skates and sticks here -🤍 Instagram - 🤍 Facebook - 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 AS1 vs AS2 Pro Stick Review 🤍 One Piece skate vs two piece skate - 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 #CCM #100k #FT4 If you aren't already, please follow us! 🤍 🤍 🤍
How do you make sure the next generation of NHL players are set up for shooting success and will get the most out of their sticks? This is how ☝
How do you take your game to the next level? From the bottom up, of course, starting with the best skates! 🚀
Our sticks are more than a piece of equipment, they’re an extension of your body. That’s why we’re the champions when it comes to sticks 🙌
The best choose the best. It’s that simple. 🤝🔥
The Swedish Ice Hockey Federation is celebrating its 100th anniversary with a special CCM retro jersey honoring their heritage, history and pride. The jersey features the names of 129 Swedish hall of famers on the sleeves, our logo from 1922, and three retro crowns on the chest.
2023 CCM Hockey Showcase held at the Ice Centre at the Promenade in Denver, CO May 26-28, 2023... the 2023 sold out showcase features 500 players and 175 coaches and scouts.
We’ve partnered up with Sarah Nurse to create a limited edition golden JetSpeed FT5 Pro stick, to celebrate her Olympic achievements, while supporting Hockey 4 Youth Foundation/Fondation hockey pour les jeunes to grow the game for girls and newcomer teenagers! The stick is available at select retailers or through our website 🙌🥇 Who is Hockey4Youth? How is this charity close to Sarah's heart, and how does our newest limited edition gold stick fit into the mix?
Five of the 1st-round picks in this year's NHL draft stopped by the CCM Performance Lab, on Draft Day. Here's an exclusive look at how we fitted them with custom helmets and skates 👀
First impression ON ICE with the brand new unreleased CCM Jetspeed FT6 Pro hockey skates. FT6 Pro Skates studio review - 🤍 FT6 Pro stick review - 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 CCM - 🤍 Join our channel membership to get access to exclusive perks: 🤍 Join us on instagram - 🤍 #CCM #FT6Pro #Skates HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍
Introducing the all-new CCM Skate Fit Profiles! Sizing Guide: 🤍 CCM Skates: 🤍 CCM spent over 3 years researching and developing these new shapes. They continuously modified areas around the boot that could possibly present fit problems, until they achieved the perfect balance. These shapes now reach 20% more players versus the previous generation in what they’re calling their New Generation Fits. The Tapered Fit is designed for a low-profile foot as it’s a low volume boot with a narrow heel and forefoot width. It’s inspired by the former JetSpeed "D" width, and if you're coming over from Bauer you can compare this to the old Vapor "D" or their new Fit 1. The Regular Fit is designed for a mid-profile foot as it has a medium volume boot with a medium heel and forefoot width. It’s inspired by the former Super Tacks "D" width and if you're coming over from Bauer you can compare this to the old Supreme "D" or their new Fit 2. The Wide Fit is designed for players needing the most volume as it has a high volume foot with a wide heel and forefoot width. This is inspired by the former Super Tacks "EE" width and if you're coming over from Bauer you can compare this to the old Supreme “EE” or their new Fit 3. Pure Hockey is the largest hockey store in the USA, offering the most selection and the BEST deals on gear from Bauer, CCM, Sher-wood, Warrior, Brians, and much more. We offer a low price guarantee, no restocking fees, and the best Customer Service in the hockey equipment business! Visit us online at PureHockey.com or in your local Pure Hockey retail store.
It's finally here! The new JetSpeed FT5 Pro stick is now available at your local store or on our website. It's our best balanced and more durable Jetspeed stick ever 🤯 👉 🤍
It's here. The Axis 2 Customizer is now live, including new CCM Total Custom and CCM Total Custom PRO options, and a new asymmetrical graphic option! #CCMAxis2
Learn all about the CCM Hockey Bag Line with Brandon from IW and Andrew from CCM Hockey. They walk through the line and discuss key features in each bag. Available at 🤍
At Source For Sports we customize skates for comfort and performance using our exclusive Pro-Formance Advantage Fitting System. Source For Sports stores are locally owned sporting goods and service retailers found across Canada, who specialize in supporting their local community's sports equipment needs. You'll find equipment for Hockey, Baseball, Soccer, Lacrosse, Training & Fitness, Bikes, Footwear, Apparel and so much more. Your local store also specialize in sports that are unique to your community that may be hard to find in Big Box stores. Looking for Custom Jerseys & Uniforms for your team? Source For Sports is your best jersey and uniform supplier offering quality team uniforms and made to order equipment is available in store at competitive prices. Outfit your team or corporate office using our no obligation Team Quote Order Form now. Receive Your Custom Team Quote HERE: 🤍 Subscribe to the Source For Sports Channel HERE: 🤍 Check out the Source For Sports Blog HERE: 🤍 Like Source For Sports on Facebook HERE: 🤍 Follow Source For Sports on Twitter HERE: 🤍 Follow Source For Sports on Instagram HERE: 🤍
What has changed when we vs the CCM Jetspeed FT6 Pro against the previous top spec FT5 Pro. These two sticks being hybrid kick points means they should excel in all aspects of shooting on the ice. So is the new stick worth the upgrade ? Watch and find out ! SHOOTING TARGETS by AEGIS 🤍 CCM Jetspeed FT5 Pro hockey stick vs FT4 Pro Review- 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 CCM - 🤍 Order your stick here USA/Canada - 🤍 Europe here - 🤍 Join our channel membership to get access to exclusive perks: 🤍 Join us on instagram - 🤍 #CCM #FT6Pro #Stick HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍
Toma has always wanted to play hockey, but couldn't find a helmet that fit over his cochlear implants. After hearing his story, our team gave Toma the Pro experience and scanned him for his own Super Tacks X Total Custom helmet. We are honoured that we could help Toma enjoy the game we all love!
🤍 CCM's Product Manager for Skates, Fred, runs you through the CCM skate fit profiles: Tacks, Jetspeed, and RibCor. Please contact our customer service department if you have any questions regarding this product: 🤍 or Join the conversation Twitter - 🤍hockeymonkey Facebook - /hockeymonkeycom Instagram - 🤍hockeymonkey
New felt tongue. New quarter shield. Improved ankle comfort. New heel pocket. THe U+ Pro, recharged. Your feet just got faster.
I spent $1,400 to test the 5 most expensive hockey sticks on the market to see which stick or brand makes the best stick (for me). My next test idea is to compare the winner of this video to lower-priced sticks, to see what difference there is from paying up for a stick. Let me know in the comments if you want to see that test. Also, I know I can't hit targets for the life of me - lay off me 😂 Enjoy the video! Sticks used in this video: CCM Super Tacks AS4 Pro, CCM JetSpeed FT4 Pro, Bauer Sling, True Catalyst 9X, Warrior Alpha LX Pro Thanks to Ice Warehouse for the stick video footage. Check out their stick reviews: 🤍 WEBSITE: 🤍 INSTAGRAM: 🤍 FACEBOOK: 🤍
The U+ CL is a true one-piece hollow stick built with advanced multi-layered composites and weighs in at only 405g. Crazy light. Unbelievable velocity.
Which CCM hockey stick has the HARDEST SHOT - Radar Kick Point Speed Test with ASV Pro, Trigger 7 Pro and FT5 Pro. Last weeks video Custom vs retail skates - 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 Order your stick here USA/Canada -🤍 Europe here - 🤍 Futuristic Swedish Hockey Store with just 2 brands for sale: HockeyGear Sweden: 🤍 Joint us on instagram - 🤍 #Hardest #Shot #Hockey Join our channel membership to get access to exclusive perks: 🤍
CCM Hockey House Influencer Night At the Rink Of Dreams Was an amazing and unforgettable experience here is my full experience and the tour stay tuned for more content coming from the night! Huge thank you to CCM and The Rink Of Dreams Family!
A love for hockey is not determined by who we are, where we come from or what we look like. It's about passion, grit, courage, and commitment to the game. Diversity, equality, and inclusion are the high ideals, and we promise to take the concrete, necessary steps in order to see change the game needs. #changecomesfrommovement To learn more about our efforts in making a difference and changing the narrative about Hockey, head over to: 🤍
Bladetech Hockey shows how to install new hockey skate blades on CCM hockey skates - Speedblade XS quick release holder.
TACKS AS-V PRO STICK Introducing modernized power. Today’s hockey game has evolved and so has Tacks. The new Tacks AS-V Pro is a modern redesign of a powerful mid kick point stick, with a completely new shaft geometry allowing for a comfortable grip, easy loading, and increased wrist shot power. The combination of our new sigma ST-P carbon weave with nanolite carbon layering creates the best-balanced Tacks stick ever made, while remaining extremely durable.
Learn all about the 2022 CCM JetSpeed Youth Stick Line with Chase from IW and CCM's Product Manager of Sticks, Math. Chase and Math dive deeper into who exactly this line was built for and all of the incredible technologies that benefit the youth player. Available at 🤍
We could all draw inspiration from Erin Ambrose on how to be better teammates and make hockey a better, more inclusive place 🙌
Bauer Vapor 2X Pro vs CCM JetSpeed FT2 Hockey Skates comparison. Which skate is the best and features the best hockey tech? AS3 Pro Review 🤍 AS3 Pro Hockey skates - Get your Bauer Supreme UltraSonic skate 🤍 New Bauer Fit explained - 🤍 Bauer new fit podcast - 🤍 New Vapor vs New Supreme - 🤍 Podcast link - 🤍 Apple podcast - 🤍 Spotify podcast - 🤍 Music by Chris Punsalan 🤍 🤍 🤍 Hockey Tutorial custom jerseys and merchandise - 🤍 #CCMHockey #BauerHockey #FT3
5 things you NEED to know before buying hockey skates - Skate buying guide Join our channel membership to get access to exclusive perks: 🤍 Puckstop skate size chart 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 Make sure you watch these CCM 100K Pro vs AS3 PRO vs FT4 Pro skates - 🤍 Bauer Hyperlite vs Ultrasonic skates - 🤍 CCM Skate fit explained - 🤍 Bauer 123 Fit explained - 🤍 Cheap vs Expensive skates - 🤍 Mid range Skates vs Pro spec Skates - 🤍 Skate Sharpening explained - 🤍 What is blade profiling - 🤍 BladeTech runners/blades - 🤍 Home skate sizing video - 🤍 HockeyTutorial merch and custom jerseys 🤍 #Skates #CCM #Bauer If you aren't already, please follow us! 🤍 🤍 🤍
Today is the day: our all-new Tacks AS-V Pro skates are officially out! Built with our one-piece boot power technology featuring a carbon construction and the new PowerFlex Tendon, giving you superior energy transfer and increased range of motion for fuller strides and increased skating power. 💪
We recently sat down with Akim Aliu to talk about how the Hockey Diversity Alliance started and their efforts in making hockey easily accessible for future generations within GTA communities. With over 200 kids registered, HDA Camps begins next week, as they embark on their five-month journey. #changecomesfrommovements
So powerful it's scary. The Super Tacks AS2 Pro stick has arrived. More: 🤍

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) - financial support for businesses
Updated 8 March 2022
Omicron Hospitality and Leisure Grants (OHLG)
Grants are available to support businesses in the hospitality, leisure and accommodation sectors that may be struggling due to the rise of the Omicron variant. These grants are only available for businesses that receive business rates bills for their premises.
Find out more about Omicron Hospitality and Leisure Grants
Additional Restrictions Grants (ARG)
This grant has been designed to support those who may have missed out on the Omicron Hospitality and Leisure Grant.
It is now being extended to include personal care businesses and gyms/sports providers where physical exercise or training is carried out on an individual or groups basis.
Find out more about Additional Restrictions Grants


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In the Kherson area, Russian troops have opened hearth 71 instances about the previous working day. 3 civilians have been noted killed and five injured.
The relevant statement was created by Kherson Regional Armed forces Administration Head Oleksandr Prokudin on Telegram, an Ukrinform correspondent experiences.
“The enemy opened fire 71 situations, having fired 335 projectiles with major artillery and the Grad MLRS. The metropolis of Kherson came under enemy fire four periods. [Russian] projectiles strike household areas, detached properties and apartment blocks,” Prokudin wrote.
In his words, 73 more civilians were being evacuated from the Kherson region’s de-occupied spots.
The post Russians attack Kherson region 71 times, casualties reported appeared first on Ukraine Intelligence.


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Since becoming a burgeoning seamstress I have been looking to find myself a very special pin cushion. I tried to make one at STITCH one evening and I was completely made fun of by the many more talented members of the group. This happens frequently, as I am not as crafty as I might envision myself. It was supposed to be an embroidered Chinese lantern, but it was thought to be some sort of fish gills. Okay, so I'll find one online, maybe I'll even try to pass it off as my own! I really like this one on the left from Amy Butler. It's really cute, but homemade enough looking, that they just might buy it. I am in complete and utter awe of these pin cushions below - that is art.
and on the right flowering buds from Wee Wonderfuls.
yet worried looking (don't put those pins in me!) pears from Loobylu.


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Five new proposals would give Toronto 'skyscrapers on steroids'
- Staff Buffalo Business First
Toronto's skyline has long been impressive, but it could soon be getting even taller.
The Toronto Star has a report on five new proposals for "super skyscrapers" that would be more than 70 stories high.
Asks reporter Wendy Gillis: "Why is it that Toronto is suddenly going for skyscrapers on steroids -- is this a matter of need or desire?"
Toronto has no height limits on new construction, nor does the Ontario building code.
If you are commenting using a Facebook account, your profile information may be displayed with your comment depending on your privacy settings. By leaving the 'Post to Facebook' box selected, your comment will be published to your Facebook profile in addition to the space below.
Paralegals Cohen & Lombardo P.C. | Buffalo, NY
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Start your morning with business news essential to Western New York's leaders.


|I haven't been able to stay on my feet for more than 5 minutes. My Neurologist suggested I get the socks. I couldn't believe the difference they made. I could sit and stand for 6 hours, when I removedt them. Maybe tomorrow I will try to go for a walk!
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Sigvaris 230 Cotton Series 20-30 mmHg OPEN Toe Thigh Highs - 232N
Sigvaris 230 Cotton Series 20-30 mmHg OPEN toe unisex thigh highs available in crispa only. Sold per pair.
Cotton Series Features:
* Friendly to your skin —100% cotton next to the skin combined with soft nylon yarns ensure the highest level of comfort.
* Beaded Silicone Top Band holds the stockings in place
* Comfortable — the combination fabric of the 230 Series absorbs perspiration and prevents heat build-up. The high-stretch knit construction provides a high degree of elasticity, making the stockings easy to put on and remove.
* Natural... made from the finest cotton, the 230 Series is ideal for wearing in the warmest weather and for people with sensitive skin.
* Durable — double-covered yarns ensure durability and a long product life, making the cool cotton suitable for everyday and leisure wear.
Need help determining your size??? Use the sizing wizard below to quickly and accurately locate your appropriate size:
Still not sure about your size???? E-mail our customer service team at [email protected] or call toll-free 877-846-4600. One of our certified fitters will be glad to assist you further.
The following are the corresponding Sigvaris catalog numbers for ease of cross-referencing: 232NS1O , 232NS2O , 232NS3O , 232NS4O , 232NM1O , 232NM2O , 232NM3O , 232NM4O , 232NL1O , 232NL2O , 232NL3O , 232NL4O , 232NS10 , 232NS20 , 232NS30 , 232NS40 , 232NM10 , 232NM20 , 232NM30 , 232NM40 , 232NL10 , 232NL20 , 232NL30 , 232NL40 , 232NS1O66 , 232NS2O66 , 232NS3O66 , 232NS4O66 , 232NM1O66 , 232NM2O66 , 232NM3O66 , 232NM4O66 , 232NL1O66 , 232NL2O66 , 232NL3O66 , 232NL4O66 , 232NS1066 , 232NS2066 , 232NS3066 , 232NS4066 , 232NM1066 , 232NM2066 , 232NM3066 , 232NM4066 , 232NL1066 , 232NL2066 , 232NL3066 , 232NL4066, 232NSSO66, 232NSLO66, 232NMSO66, 232NMLO66, 232NLSO66, 232NLLO66


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Genres that I like: Sci-fi/fantasy, action/adventure
My favorite story that I have read here so far: "The Zerg Swarm" by East Bridge? He is an amazing, and incredibly inventive author. He could use an editor, but his story is just too awesome for that to matter much.
6/11/12, 6:43 PM: I'm off to Uganda, I'll be back on the 28th. Caio!
5/31/12, 4:38 PM: I've done some revision. I've also started work on a (very) short Doctor Who fic I had tought up some time ago, called "the Silence of the Drums".
5/31/12, 12:00 AM: I have joined this website today. Hello, FanFiction.net! As of right now, I'm just lurkin'. However, I intend to start writing soon.


While appearing before a judge, Portland stabbing suspect Jeremy Joseph Christian yelled, ‘You call it terrorism, I call it patriotism.’
The long-standing mystery of why there are so few volcanoes on Venus has been solved by a team of researchers led by the University of St Andrews. Scientists …
On his 4-nation visit to European countries, PM Narendra Modi lambasted terrorism and extremism in Germany. India and Germany signed 8 pacts.
Visit: http://www.theblaze.com/doc for more.


Are you ready for fall? We sure are. Click HERE to check out our updated fall schedule withnew days and times for the upcoming semester. It’s never been easier to fill your calendar with music and fun for the whole family. Join the songs for seeds band this fall and see why we were voted best music class in westchester! This weekly, 45 minute, interactive class encourages children, newborn to 6 years old, to sing, dance and play along with a live, three-piece band. Kids rock out with children’s instruments, as well as real drums, guitars, keyboards and instruments from around the world
See you in September.


Published June 15, 2001
by Harcourt College Publishers .
Written in English
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||688|
May 31, · Popular author and seasoned economist Dr. David Hyman delivers a solid economics-oriented approach to public finance and public policy. The 10th edition of PUBLIC FINANCE, International Edition thoroughly illustrates the role government plays in the economy and explains how and why the public sector makes decisions/5(10). Books shelved as public-finance: Public Finance in Theory and Practice by Richard Abel Musgrave, Public Finance by R.K. Lekhi & Joginder Singh, Lezioni d. Nov 02, · Broad in scope and carefully balanced in emphasis, this book is a major treatise on the theory and practice of public finance. It is unique in its presentation of a worldwide perspective and in its treatment of both the instruments of public finance and the goals, effects, and criteria of public finance measures. The book is divided into three cyrusofficial.com: Paperback. The best books on Public Finance recommended by Jonathan Gruber. A key figure behind the Massachusetts and Obama healthcare reforms tells us about the purpose and uses of public finance economics, and explains how Romneycare and Obamacare are both different and alike.
Find Public Finance Textbooks at up to 90% off. Plus get free shipping on qualifying orders $25+. Choose from used and new textbooks or get instant access with eTextbooks and digital materials. Introduction to public finance. This book contains a simple outline of those things which are necessary to prepare the student for independent research; a brief discussion of the leading principles that are generally accepted, a statement of unsettled principles with the grounds for controversy and sufficient references to easily accessible. Jonathan Gruber’s market-primary Public Finance and Public Policy was the first textbook to actually mirror one of the simplest ways public protection is created, carried out, and researched. public finance is to help in the achievement of certain social and economic objectives and finance some essential economic activities. Keynes underlines the fact that the taxation and public expenditure policy of the State vitally affects the level of income and employment in the country.
Jan 21, · Public Finance 9/e benefits from the combined efforts of Harvey Rosen’s market-leading book and co-author Ted Gayer’s research and government agency experience. This combination of experience is able to explain as clearly as possible how the tools of economics can be used to analyze government expenditure and tax policies/5(16). Since The Theoretical Aspects Of Public Finance And Their Application To The Indian Fiscal System Feed Upon Each Other, The Book Is Divided Into Two Parts: The First Covers The Theory Of Public Reviews: 1. Introduction to public finance. This book contains a simple outline of those things which are necessary to prepare the student for independent research; a brief discussion of the leading principles that are generally accepted, a statement of unsettled principles with the grounds for controversy and sufficient references to easily accessible works and sources to enable the student to form some opinion for . Public Finance bynbsp; Dr. Urbanek. This note explains the following topics: Foundations of Public Economics, Public Sector and Mixed Economy, Public Choice, Public Goods, Externalities, Public Expenditures, Cost Benefit Analysis, Taxation and Tax Theory, Public Budgets and Fiscal Federalism. Author(s): cyrusofficial.comk.


Memphis rapper Young Dolph was reportedly shot in Hollywood today (Sept. 26). He was rushed to a local hospital.
According to TMZ, he was outside of the Shoe Palace at the intersection of Hollywood and Highland when he was shot. That’s a tourist are, so he wasn’t even in the hood.
Although Dolph reportedly was hit multiple times, his injuries are not life-threatening.
Police reportedly have a suspect in custody.
Dolph is in a well-documented beef with fellow Memphis rappers Yo Gotti and Blac Youngsta. The latter is a suspect in a shooting where the SUV Dolph was riding in was riddled with hundreds of bullets during CIAA weekend in Charlotte back in February.
The van used in the shooting came back rented to Blac Youngsta, who says it was stolen.
Immediately Dolph’s fans and peers began sharing getting well wishes and prayers on Twitter.
This story is developing.
Of course, a full lack of chill is also already on display.


Canadian tenor Jamie McLennan has a video blog. As he puts it, “It’s just me, my iPhone, a $40 mic and whoever I can grab to work the camera.” Below you can see him at work during rehearsals of Verdi’s Falstaff in Hamilton(*). It’s worth watching just to see Sasha Djihanian twerking.
(*)For non Canadians, Hamilton, ON is a sort of Canadian Scunthorpe or Redcar. Not, perhaps a typical opera venue.


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Added in Movies
Torrent verified. Downloaded 55 times.
Luchino Visconti - White Nights (1957) (Size: 700.05 MB)
White Nights / Le Notti Bianche
Directed By : Luchino Visconti
Year : 1957
Language : Italian
Subtitles : English
File Name .............: Le Notti Bianche.avi
File Size (in bytes) ..: 733,984,768 bytes
Runtime (# of frames) .: 01:41:43 (146320 frames)
Video Codec ...........: XviD
Frame Size ............: 592x368 () [=] [=1.609]
FPS ...................: 23.976
Video Bitrate .........: 505 kb/s
Bits per Pixel ........: 0.097 bpp
B-VOP, N-VOP, QPel, GMC ......: ...[N-VOP]......
Audio Codec ...........: 0x0055(MP3, ISO) MPEG-1 Layer 3
Sample Rate ...........: 48000 Hz
Audio bitrate .........: 61 kb/s [1 channel(s)] VBR audio
Interleave ............: 42 ms
No. of audio streams ..: 1
A chance encounter on a canal bridge results in a series of twilight rendezvous between a lonely city transplant (Marcello Mastroianni) and a sheltered woman (Maria Schell) haunted by a lover?s promise. Their hesitant courtship soon entangles both of them in a web of longing and self-delusion. Adapted from the Fyodor Dostoyevsky short story, director Luchino Visconti?s Le notti bianche?shot in ravishing black and white?is a romantic, shattering tale of the restlessness of dreamers.
Visconti\'s version of the Dostoievsky story - about the chance encounter of a couple as she is waiting in vain for her lover, and the obsessive, panic-stricken relationship which then develops between them - later filmed by Bresson as Four Nights of a Dreamer. Visconti traps his characters (three excellent performances) within a claustrophobic canal-side set, and the film is a series of brief walks, chases, attempted escapes, always frustrated. Shot as neo-realist high tragedy, the film offers its characters only one strange moment of escape from their night-time obsessions - a raucous, sexual, subversive scene in a dance-hall. Then the snow comes down, and with it a chilly desperation about the extent of human self-delusion. - CA
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German airline giant Lufthansa said on Wednesday it would not overfly Iran and Iraq “until further notice”, after Tehran launched missiles at US bases in Iraq.
“We are no longer overflying Iran and Iraq until further notice,” a Lufthansa spokesperson told AFP, adding that Wednesday’s daily Frankfurt-Tehran flight was cancelled, while Saturday’s twice-weekly service to northern Iraqi city Erbil would also not depart.
Air France also said it has suspended until further notice flying through Iranian and Iraqi airspace after Iran fired ballistic missiles against bases housing US troops in Iraq.
“As a precautionary measure and following news of air strikes underway, Air France has decided to suspend until further notice all flights through Iranian and Iraqi airspace,” an Air France spokesperson told AFP.
In related news, British tourists in Egypt were on Sunday warned to be vigilant over the risk of terror attacks, the Daily Mail reported.


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The player is given various missions pc world family tree maker 2011 to take out different parts of the Network's forces and operations, using a stolen prototype tank known as the BFT (Battle Force Tank which is transported from place to place by a stolen vtol aircraft.
Itd be pretty fantastic to play Recoil in multiplayer again. .Download Winrar open, recoil Game folder, double click on, setup and install.It is true that many weapons are stronger versions of previous weapons, but still, you have a lot of great options here, each unique. .(Something big and complex and fairly t too much fantasy or illogic in the design/concept.) 4 6 comments, games with complex ability systems 5 4 comments.One aspect of why the single player missions work so well is is the games great level design. .It successfully serves as a decent enough excuse for the action and the videos are entertaining. .At least Recoil, MechWarrior 3, and Crimson Skies (PC) exist, though, and theyre great! .Recoil Tank game Overview, we easily and at any time you can Recoil Tank game free download for windows.But he was used to it, after years of wandering the darkness his eyes had accustomed to the absence of light.Another cool feature is that enemies are armed with the same kinds of weapons you are, and most of the time when you destroy an enemy they will drop a powerup that will either heal your health or will give you a refill of some.During the loading screen before each campaign you are given a voiced briefing detailing the details of each objective and where it is on a map of the level. .
With the BFT you are tasked with saving the world from the Network. .Unfortunately, there are few underwater segments. .Once again, the games short length is its main drawback. .The story is told with live-action videos between each chapter. .Each campaign, tom clancy's ghost recon 2001 system requirements or level, has an entirely different setting, from beach to lava to city. .From either a first- or third-person perspective, you take control of the supertank and endeavor to save the world, arcade-style, controlling both the turret and massive ordnance while steering the battle tank towards star wars episode 3 numerous enemies.I dont know what game would be quite like this today; tank action games are sadly dead, and shooters dont play at all like this today either. .Alphabetical List of Software: Operating Systems; Return to Alphabetical List Index # hen you first listen to the word, 'Recoil you think about a spring.
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