BORACHIO. Yea; and paid me richly for the practice of it.


DON PEDRO. He is compos'd and fram'd of treachery: And fled he is upon this villainy.


CLAUDIO. Sweet Hero! now thy image doth appear In the rare semblance that I lov'd it first.


DOGBERRY. Come, bring away the plaintiffs: by this time our sexton hath reformed Signior Leonato of the matter. And masters, do not forget to specify, when time and place shall serve, that I am an ass.


VERGES. Here, here comes Master Signior Leonato, and the sexton too.


Re-enter Leonato, Antonio and the Sexton.


LEONATO. Which is the villain? Let me see his eyes, That, when I note another man like him, I may avoid him. Which of these is he?


BORACHIO. If you would know your wronger, look on me.


LEONATO. Art thou the slave that with thy breath hast kill'd Mine innocent child?


LEONATO. No, not so, villain; thou beliest thyself: Here stand a pair of honourable men; A third is fled, that had a hand in it. I thank you, princes, for my daughter's death: Record it with your high and worthy deeds. 'Twas bravely done, if you bethink you of it.


CLAUDIO. I know not how to pray your patience; Yet I must speak. Choose your revenge yourself; Impose me to what penance your invention Can lay upon my sin: yet sinn'd I not But in mistaking.


DON PEDRO. By my soul, nor I: And yet, to satisfy this good old man, I would bend under any heavy weight That he'll enjoin me to.


LEONATO. I cannot bid you bid my daughter live; That were impossible; but, I pray you both, Possess the people in Messina here How innocent she died; and if your love Can labour aught in sad invention, Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb, And sing it to her bones: sing it tonight. Tomorrow morning come you to my house, And since you could not be my son-in-law, Be yet my nephew. My brother hath a daughter, Almost the copy of my child that's dead, And she alone is heir to both of us: Give her the right you should have given her cousin, And so dies my revenge.


CLAUDIO. O noble sir, Your over-kindness doth wring tears from me! I do embrace your offer; and dispose For henceforth of poor Claudio.


LEONATO. Tomorrow then I will expect your coming; Tonight I take my leave. This naughty man Shall face to face be brought to Margaret, Who, I believe, was pack'd in all this wrong, Hir'd to it by your brother.


BORACHIO. No, by my soul she was not; Nor knew not what she did when she spoke to me; But always hath been just and virtuous In anything that I do know by her.


DOGBERRY. Moreover, sir,—which, indeed, is not under white and black,— this plaintiff here, the offender, did call me ass: I beseech you, let it be remembered in his punishment. And also, the watch heard them talk of one Deformed: they say he wears a key in his ear and a lock hanging by it, and borrows money in God's name, the which he hath used so long and never paid, that now men grow hard-hearted, and will lend nothing for God's sake. Pray you, examine him upon that point.


LEONATO. I thank thee for thy care and honest pains.


DOGBERRY. Your worship speaks like a most thankful and reverent youth, and I praise God for you.


LEONATO. There's for thy pains.


DOGBERRY. God save the foundation!


LEONATO. Go, I discharge thee of thy prisoner, and I thank thee.


DOGBERRY. I leave an arrant knave with your worship; which I beseech your worship to correct yourself, for the example of others. God keep your worship! I wish your worship well; God restore you to health! I humbly give you leave to depart, and if a merry meeting may be wished, God prohibit it! Come, neighbour.


LEONATO. Until tomorrow morning, lords, farewell.


ANTONIO. Farewell, my lords: we look for you tomorrow.


DON PEDRO. We will not fail.


CLAUDIO. Tonight I'll mourn with Hero.


[Exeunt Don Pedro and Claudio.]


LEONATO. [To the Watch.] Bring you these fellows on. We'll talk with Margaret, How her acquaintance grew with this lewd fellow.


Enter Benedick and Margaret, meeting.


BENEDICK. Pray thee, sweet Mistress Margaret, deserve well at my hands by helping me to the speech of Beatrice.


MARGARET. Will you then write me a sonnet in praise of my beauty?


BENEDICK. In so high a style, Margaret, that no man living shall come over it; for, in most comely truth, thou deservest it.


MARGARET. To have no man come over me! why, shall I always keep below stairs?


BENEDICK. Thy wit is as quick as the greyhound's mouth; it catches.


MARGARET. And yours as blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.


BENEDICK. A most manly wit, Margaret; it will not hurt a woman: and so, I pray thee, call Beatrice. I give thee the bucklers.


MARGARET. Give us the swords, we have bucklers of our own.


BENEDICK. If you use them, Margaret, you must put in the pikes with a vice; and they are dangerous weapons for maids.


MARGARET. Well, I will call Beatrice to you, who I think hath legs.


BENEDICK. And therefore will come.


The god of love, That sits above, And knows me, and knows me, How pitiful I deserve,—


I mean, in singing: but in loving, Leander the good swimmer, Troilus the first employer of panders, and a whole book full of these quondam carpet-mongers, whose names yet run smoothly in the even road of a blank verse, why, they were never so truly turned over and over as my poor self in love. Marry, I cannot show it in rime; I have tried: I can find out no rime to 'lady' but 'baby', an innocent rime; for 'scorn,' 'horn', a hard rime; for 'school', 'fool', a babbling rime; very ominous endings: no, I was not born under a riming planet, nor I cannot woo in festival terms.


Sweet Beatrice, wouldst thou come when I called thee?


BEATRICE. Yea, signior; and depart when you bid me.


BENEDICK. O, stay but till then!


BEATRICE. 'Then' is spoken; fare you well now: and yet, ere I go, let me go with that I came for; which is, with knowing what hath passed between you and Claudio.


BENEDICK. Only foul words; and thereupon I will kiss thee.


BEATRICE. Foul words is but foul wind, and foul wind is but foul breath, and foul breath is noisome; therefore I will depart unkissed.


BENEDICK. Thou hast frighted the word out of his right sense, so forcible is thy wit. But I must tell thee plainly, Claudio undergoes my challenge, and either I must shortly hear from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. And, I pray thee now, tell me, for which of my bad parts didst thou first fall in love with me?


BEATRICE. For them all together; which maintained so politic a state of evil that they will not admit any good part to intermingle with them. But for which of my good parts did you first suffer love for me?


BENEDICK. 'Suffer love,' a good epithet! I do suffer love indeed, for I love thee against my will.


BEATRICE. In spite of your heart, I think. Alas, poor heart! If you spite it for my sake, I will spite it for yours; for I will never love that which my friend hates.


BENEDICK. Thou and I are too wise to woo peaceably.


BEATRICE. It appears not in this confession: there's not one wise man among twenty that will praise himself.


BENEDICK. An old, an old instance, Beatrice, that lived in the time of good neighbours. If a man do not erect in this age his own tomb ere he dies, he shall live no longer in monument than the bell rings and the widow weeps.


BEATRICE. And how long is that think you?


BENEDICK. Question: why, an hour in clamour and a quarter in rheum: therefore is it most expedient for the wise,—if Don Worm, his conscience, find no impediment to the contrary,—to be the trumpet of his own virtues, as I am to myself. So much for praising myself, who, I myself will bear witness, is praiseworthy. And now tell me, how doth your cousin?


BEATRICE. Very ill.


BEATRICE. Very ill too.


BENEDICK. Serve God, love me, and mend. There will I leave you too, for here comes one in haste.


URSULA. Madam, you must come to your uncle. Yonder's old coil at home: it is proved, my Lady Hero hath been falsely accused, the Prince and Claudio mightily abused; and Don John is the author of all, who is fled and gone. Will you come presently?


BEATRICE. Will you go hear this news, signior?


BENEDICK. I will live in thy heart, die in thy lap, and be buried in thy eyes; and moreover I will go with thee to thy uncle's.


SCENE III. The Inside of a Church.


Enter Don Pedro, Claudio and Attendants, with music and tapers.


CLAUDIO. Is this the monument of Leonato?


A LORD. It is, my lord.


CLAUDIO. [Reads from a scroll.]


Done to death by slanderous tongues Was the Hero that here lies: Death, in guerdon of her wrongs, Gives her fame which never dies. So the life that died with shame Lives in death with glorious fame.


Hang thou there upon the tomb,


Praising her when I am dumb. Now, music, sound, and sing your solemn hymn.


Pardon, goddess of the night, Those that slew thy virgin knight; For the which, with songs of woe, Round about her tomb they go. Midnight, assist our moan; Help us to sigh and groan, Heavily, heavily: Graves, yawn and yield your dead, Till death be uttered, Heavily, heavily.


CLAUDIO. Now, unto thy bones good night! Yearly will I do this rite.


DON PEDRO. Good morrow, masters: put your torches out. The wolves have prey'd; and look, the gentle day, Before the wheels of Phoebus, round about Dapples the drowsy East with spots of grey. Thanks to you all, and leave us: fare you well.


CLAUDIO. Good morrow, masters: each his several way.


DON PEDRO. Come, let us hence, and put on other weeds; And then to Leonato's we will go.


CLAUDIO. And Hymen now with luckier issue speed's, Than this for whom we rend'red up this woe!


SCENE IV. A Room in Leonato's House.


Enter Leonato, Antonio, Benedick, Beatrice, Margaret, Ursula, Friar Francis and Hero.


FRIAR. Did I not tell you she was innocent?


LEONATO. So are the Prince and Claudio, who accus'd her Upon the error that you heard debated: But Margaret was in some fault for this, Although against her will, as it appears In the true course of all the question.


ANTONIO. Well, I am glad that all things sort so well.


BENEDICK. And so am I, being else by faith enforc'd To call young Claudio to a reckoning for it.


LEONATO. Well, daughter, and you gentlewomen all, Withdraw into a chamber by yourselves, And when I send for you, come hither mask'd: The Prince and Claudio promis'd by this hour To visit me.


You know your office, brother; You must be father to your brother's daughter, And give her to young Claudio.


ANTONIO. Which I will do with confirm'd countenance.


BENEDICK. Friar, I must entreat your pains, I think.


FRIAR. To do what, signior?


BENEDICK. To bind me, or undo me; one of them. Signior Leonato, truth it is, good signior, Your niece regards me with an eye of favour.


LEONATO. That eye my daughter lent her. 'Tis most true.


BENEDICK. And I do with an eye of love requite her.


LEONATO. The sight whereof I think, you had from me, From Claudio, and the Prince. But what's your will?


BENEDICK. Your answer, sir, is enigmatical: But, for my will, my will is your good will May stand with ours, this day to be conjoin'd In the state of honourable marriage: In which, good friar, I shall desire your help.


LEONATO. My heart is with your liking.


FRIAR. And my help. Here comes the Prince and Claudio.


Enter Don Pedro and Claudio, with Attendants.


DON PEDRO. Good morrow to this fair assembly.


LEONATO. Good morrow, Prince; good morrow, Claudio: We here attend you. Are you yet determin'd Today to marry with my brother's daughter?


CLAUDIO. I'll hold my mind, were she an Ethiope.


LEONATO. Call her forth, brother: here's the friar ready.


DON PEDRO. Good morrow, Benedick. Why, what's the matter, That you have such a February face, So full of frost, of storm and cloudiness?


CLAUDIO. I think he thinks upon the savage bull. Tush! fear not, man, we'll tip thy horns with gold, And all Europa shall rejoice at thee, As once Europa did at lusty Jove, When he would play the noble beast in love.


BENEDICK. Bull Jove, sir, had an amiable low: And some such strange bull leap'd your father's cow, And got a calf in that same noble feat, Much like to you, for you have just his bleat.


CLAUDIO. For this I owe you: here comes other reckonings.


Re-enter Antonio, with the ladies masked.


Which is the lady I must seize upon?


ANTONIO. This same is she, and I do give you her.


CLAUDIO. Why then, she's mine. Sweet, let me see your face.


LEONATO. No, that you shall not, till you take her hand Before this friar, and swear to marry her.


CLAUDIO. Give me your hand: before this holy friar, I am your husband, if you like of me.


HERO. And when I liv'd, I was your other wife: [Unmasking.] And when you lov'd, you were my other husband.


CLAUDIO. Another Hero!


HERO. Nothing certainer: One Hero died defil'd, but I do live, And surely as I live, I am a maid.


DON PEDRO. The former Hero! Hero that is dead!


LEONATO. She died, my lord, but whiles her slander liv'd.


FRIAR. All this amazement can I qualify: When after that the holy rites are ended, I'll tell you largely of fair Hero's death: Meantime, let wonder seem familiar, And to the chapel let us presently.


BENEDICK. Soft and fair, friar. Which is Beatrice?


BEATRICE. [Unmasking.] I answer to that name. What is your will?


BEATRICE. Why, no; no more than reason.


BENEDICK. Why, then, your uncle and the Prince and Claudio Have been deceived; for they swore you did.


BENEDICK. Troth, no; no more than reason.


BEATRICE. Why, then my cousin, Margaret, and Ursula, Are much deceiv'd; for they did swear you did.


BENEDICK. They swore that you were almost sick for me.


BEATRICE. They swore that you were well-nigh dead for me.


BENEDICK. 'Tis no such matter. Then you do not love me?


BEATRICE. No, truly, but in friendly recompense.


LEONATO. Come, cousin, I am sure you love the gentleman.


CLAUDIO. And I'll be sworn upon 't that he loves her; For here's a paper written in his hand, A halting sonnet of his own pure brain, Fashion'd to Beatrice.


HERO. And here's another, Writ in my cousin's hand, stolen from her pocket, Containing her affection unto Benedick.


BENEDICK. A miracle! here's our own hands against our hearts. Come, I will have thee; but, by this light, I take thee for pity.


BEATRICE. I would not deny you; but, by this good day, I yield upon great persuasion, and partly to save your life, for I was told you were in a consumption.


BENEDICK. Peace! I will stop your mouth. [Kisses her.]


DON PEDRO. How dost thou, Benedick, the married man?


BENEDICK. I'll tell thee what, Prince; a college of witcrackers cannot flout me out of my humour. Dost thou think I care for a satire or an epigram? No; if man will be beaten with brains, a' shall wear nothing handsome about him. In brief, since I do purpose to marry, I will think nothing to any purpose that the world can say against it; and therefore never flout at me for what I have said against it, for man is a giddy thing, and this is my conclusion. For thy part, Claudio, I did think to have beaten thee; but, in that thou art like to be my kinsman, live unbruised, and love my cousin.


CLAUDIO. I had well hoped thou wouldst have denied Beatrice, that I might have cudgelled thee out of thy single life, to make thee a double-dealer; which, out of question, thou wilt be, if my cousin do not look exceeding narrowly to thee.


BENEDICK. Come, come, we are friends. Let's have a dance ere we are married, that we may lighten our own hearts and our wives' heels.


LEONATO. We'll have dancing afterward.


BENEDICK. First, of my word; therefore play, music! Prince, thou art sad; get thee a wife, get thee a wife: there is no staff more reverent than one tipped with horn.


MESSENGER. My lord, your brother John is ta'en in flight, And brought with armed men back to Messina.


BENEDICK. Think not on him till tomorrow: I'll devise thee brave punishments for him. Strike up, pipers!


ACT I Scene I. Venice. A street Scene II. Venice. Another street Scene III. Venice. A council chamber


ACT II Scene I. A seaport in Cyprus. A Platform Scene II. A street Scene III. A Hall in the Castle


ACT III Scene I. Cyprus. Before the Castle Scene II. Cyprus. A Room in the Castle Scene III. Cyprus. The Garden of the Castle Scene IV. Cyprus. Before the Castle


ACT IV Scene I. Cyprus. Before the Castle Scene II. Cyprus. A Room in the Castle Scene III. Cyprus. Another Room in the Castle


ACT V Scene I. Cyprus. A Street Scene II. Cyprus. A Bedchamber in the castle


DUKE OF VENICE BRABANTIO, a Senator of Venice and Desdemona's father Other Senators GRATIANO, Brother to Brabantio LODOVICO, Kinsman to Brabantio OTHELLO, a noble Moor in the service of Venice CASSIO, his Lieutenant IAGO, his Ancient MONTANO, Othello's predecessor in the government of Cyprus RODERIGO, a Venetian Gentleman CLOWN, Servant to Othello


DESDEMONA, Daughter to Brabantio and Wife to Othello EMILIA, Wife to Iago BIANCA, Mistress to Cassio


Officers, Gentlemen, Messenger, Musicians, Herald, Sailor, Attendants, &c.


SCENE: The First Act in Venice; during the rest of the Play at a Seaport in Cyprus.


Enter Roderigo and Iago.


RODERIGO. Tush, never tell me, I take it much unkindly That thou, Iago, who hast had my purse, As if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this.


IAGO. 'Sblood, but you will not hear me. If ever I did dream of such a matter, Abhor me.


RODERIGO. Thou told'st me, thou didst hold him in thy hate.


IAGO. Despise me if I do not. Three great ones of the city, In personal suit to make me his lieutenant, Off-capp'd to him; and by the faith of man, I know my price, I am worth no worse a place. But he, as loving his own pride and purposes, Evades them, with a bombast circumstance, Horribly stuff'd with epithets of war: And in conclusion, Nonsuits my mediators: for "Certes," says he, "I have already chose my officer." And what was he? Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife, That never set a squadron in the field, Nor the division of a battle knows More than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric, Wherein the toged consuls can propose As masterly as he: mere prattle without practice Is all his soldiership. But he, sir, had the election, And I, of whom his eyes had seen the proof At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds, Christian and heathen, must be belee'd and calm'd By debitor and creditor, this counter-caster, He, in good time, must his lieutenant be, And I, God bless the mark, his Moorship's ancient.


RODERIGO. By heaven, I rather would have been his hangman.


IAGO. Why, there's no remedy. 'Tis the curse of service, Preferment goes by letter and affection, And not by old gradation, where each second Stood heir to the first. Now sir, be judge yourself Whether I in any just term am affin'd To love the Moor.


RODERIGO. I would not follow him, then.


IAGO. O, sir, content you. I follow him to serve my turn upon him: We cannot all be masters, nor all masters Cannot be truly follow'd. You shall mark Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave That, doting on his own obsequious bondage, Wears out his time, much like his master's ass, For nought but provender, and when he's old, cashier'd. Whip me such honest knaves. Others there are Who, trimm'd in forms, and visages of duty, Keep yet their hearts attending on themselves, And throwing but shows of service on their lords, Do well thrive by them, and when they have lin'd their coats, Do themselves homage. These fellows have some soul, And such a one do I profess myself. For, sir, It is as sure as you are Roderigo, Were I the Moor, I would not be Iago: In following him, I follow but myself. Heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty, But seeming so for my peculiar end. For when my outward action doth demonstrate The native act and figure of my heart In complement extern, 'tis not long after But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve For daws to peck at: I am not what I am.


RODERIGO. What a full fortune does the thick-lips owe, If he can carry't thus!


IAGO. Call up her father, Rouse him, make after him, poison his delight, Proclaim him in the streets; incense her kinsmen, And though he in a fertile climate dwell, Plague him with flies: though that his joy be joy, Yet throw such changes of vexation on't, As it may lose some color.


RODERIGO. Here is her father's house, I'll call aloud.


IAGO. Do, with like timorous accent and dire yell As when, by night and negligence, the fire Is spied in populous cities.


RODERIGO. What ho, Brabantio! Signior Brabantio, ho!


IAGO. Awake! what ho, Brabantio! Thieves, thieves! Look to your house, your daughter, and your bags! Thieves, thieves!


Brabantio appears above at a window.


BRABANTIO. What is the reason of this terrible summons? What is the matter there?


RODERIGO. Signior, is all your family within?


IAGO. Are your doors locked?


BRABANTIO. Why, wherefore ask you this?


IAGO. Zounds, sir, you're robb'd, for shame put on your gown, Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul; Even now, now, very now, an old black ram Is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise, Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, Or else the devil will make a grandsire of you: Arise, I say.


BRABANTIO. What, have you lost your wits?


RODERIGO. Most reverend signior, do you know my voice?


BRABANTIO. Not I. What are you?


RODERIGO. My name is Roderigo.


BRABANTIO. The worser welcome. I have charg'd thee not to haunt about my doors; In honest plainness thou hast heard me say My daughter is not for thee; and now in madness, Being full of supper and distempering draughts, Upon malicious bravery, dost thou come To start my quiet.


BRABANTIO. But thou must needs be sure My spirit and my place have in them power To make this bitter to thee.


RODERIGO. Patience, good sir.


BRABANTIO. What tell'st thou me of robbing? This is Venice. My house is not a grange.


RODERIGO. Most grave Brabantio, In simple and pure soul I come to you.


IAGO. Zounds, sir, you are one of those that will not serve God if the devil bid you. Because we come to do you service, and you think we are ruffians, you'll have your daughter cover'd with a Barbary horse; you'll have your nephews neigh to you; you'll have coursers for cousins and gennets for germans.


BRABANTIO. What profane wretch art thou?


IAGO. I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs.


BRABANTIO. Thou art a villain.


IAGO. You are a senator.


BRABANTIO. This thou shalt answer. I know thee, Roderigo.


RODERIGO. Sir, I will answer anything. But I beseech you, If 't be your pleasure, and most wise consent, (As partly I find it is) that your fair daughter, At this odd-even and dull watch o' the night, Transported with no worse nor better guard, But with a knave of common hire, a gondolier, To the gross clasps of a lascivious Moor: If this be known to you, and your allowance, We then have done you bold and saucy wrongs. But if you know not this, my manners tell me, We have your wrong rebuke. Do not believe That from the sense of all civility, I thus would play and trifle with your reverence. Your daughter (if you have not given her leave) I say again, hath made a gross revolt, Tying her duty, beauty, wit, and fortunes In an extravagant and wheeling stranger Of here and everywhere. Straight satisfy yourself: If she be in her chamber or your house, Let loose on me the justice of the state For thus deluding you.


BRABANTIO. Strike on the tinder, ho! Give me a taper! Call up all my people! This accident is not unlike my dream, Belief of it oppresses me already. Light, I say, light!


[Exit from above.]


IAGO. Farewell; for I must leave you: It seems not meet nor wholesome to my place To be produc'd, as if I stay I shall, Against the Moor. For I do know the state, However this may gall him with some check, Cannot with safety cast him, for he's embark'd With such loud reason to the Cyprus wars, Which even now stand in act, that, for their souls, Another of his fathom they have none To lead their business. In which regard, Though I do hate him as I do hell pains, Yet, for necessity of present life, I must show out a flag and sign of love, Which is indeed but sign. That you shall surely find him, Lead to the Sagittary the raised search, And there will I be with him. So, farewell.


Enter Brabantio with Servants and torches.


BRABANTIO. It is too true an evil. Gone she is, And what's to come of my despised time, Is naught but bitterness. Now Roderigo, Where didst thou see her? (O unhappy girl!) With the Moor, say'st thou? (Who would be a father!) How didst thou know 'twas she? (O, she deceives me Past thought.) What said she to you? Get more tapers, Raise all my kindred. Are they married, think you?


RODERIGO. Truly I think they are.


BRABANTIO. O heaven! How got she out? O treason of the blood! Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters' minds By what you see them act. Is there not charms By which the property of youth and maidhood May be abused? Have you not read, Roderigo, Of some such thing?


RODERIGO. Yes, sir, I have indeed.


BRABANTIO. Call up my brother. O, would you had had her! Some one way, some another. Do you know Where we may apprehend her and the Moor?


RODERIGO. I think I can discover him, if you please To get good guard, and go along with me.


BRABANTIO. Pray you lead on. At every house I'll call, I may command at most. Get weapons, ho! And raise some special officers of night. On, good Roderigo. I will deserve your pains.


SCENE II. Venice. Another street.


Enter Othello, Iago and Attendants with torches.


IAGO. Though in the trade of war I have slain men, Yet do I hold it very stuff o' the conscience To do no contriv'd murder; I lack iniquity Sometimes to do me service: nine or ten times I had thought to have yerk'd him here under the ribs.


OTHELLO. 'Tis better as it is.


IAGO. Nay, but he prated, And spoke such scurvy and provoking terms Against your honour, That with the little godliness I have, I did full hard forbear him. But I pray you, sir, Are you fast married? Be assur'd of this, That the magnifico is much belov'd And hath in his effect a voice potential As double as the duke's; he will divorce you, Or put upon you what restraint and grievance The law (with all his might to enforce it on) Will give him cable.


OTHELLO. Let him do his spite; My services, which I have done the signiory, Shall out-tongue his complaints. 'Tis yet to know,— Which, when I know that boasting is an honour, I shall promulgate,—I fetch my life and being From men of royal siege. And my demerits May speak unbonneted to as proud a fortune As this that I have reach'd. For know, Iago, But that I love the gentle Desdemona, I would not my unhoused free condition Put into circumscription and confine For the sea's worth. But look, what lights come yond?


IAGO. Those are the raised father and his friends: You were best go in.


OTHELLO. Not I; I must be found. My parts, my title, and my perfect soul Shall manifest me rightly. Is it they?


IAGO. By Janus, I think no.


Enter Cassio and Officers with torches.


OTHELLO. The servants of the duke and my lieutenant. The goodness of the night upon you, friends! What is the news?


CASSIO. The duke does greet you, general, And he requires your haste-post-haste appearance Even on the instant.


OTHELLO. What is the matter, think you?


CASSIO. Something from Cyprus, as I may divine. It is a business of some heat. The galleys Have sent a dozen sequent messengers This very night at one another's heels; And many of the consuls, rais'd and met, Are at the duke's already. You have been hotly call'd for, When, being not at your lodging to be found, The senate hath sent about three several quests To search you out.


OTHELLO. 'Tis well I am found by you. I will but spend a word here in the house, And go with you.


CASSIO. Ancient, what makes he here?


IAGO. Faith, he tonight hath boarded a land carrack: If it prove lawful prize, he's made forever.


IAGO. He's married.


CASSIO. To who?


Enter Othello.


IAGO. Marry to—Come, captain, will you go?


OTHELLO. Have with you.


CASSIO. Here comes another troop to seek for you.


Enter Brabantio, Roderigo and Officers with torches and weapons.


IAGO. It is Brabantio. General, be advis'd, He comes to bad intent.


OTHELLO. Holla, stand there!


RODERIGO. Signior, it is the Moor.


BRABANTIO. Down with him, thief!


[They draw on both sides.]


OTHELLO. Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Good signior, you shall more command with years Than with your weapons.


BRABANTIO. O thou foul thief, where hast thou stow'd my daughter? Damn'd as thou art, thou hast enchanted her, For I'll refer me to all things of sense, (If she in chains of magic were not bound) Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage, that she shunn'd The wealthy curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have, to incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou—to fear, not to delight. Judge me the world, if 'tis not gross in sense, That thou hast practis'd on her with foul charms, Abus'd her delicate youth with drugs or minerals That weakens motion. I'll have't disputed on; 'Tis probable, and palpable to thinking. I therefore apprehend and do attach thee For an abuser of the world, a practiser Of arts inhibited and out of warrant.— Lay hold upon him, if he do resist, Subdue him at his peril.


OTHELLO. Hold your hands, Both you of my inclining and the rest: Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it Without a prompter. Where will you that I go To answer this your charge?


BRABANTIO. To prison, till fit time Of law and course of direct session Call thee to answer.


OTHELLO. What if I do obey? How may the duke be therewith satisfied, Whose messengers are here about my side, Upon some present business of the state, To bring me to him?


OFFICER. 'Tis true, most worthy signior, The duke's in council, and your noble self, I am sure is sent for.


BRABANTIO. How? The duke in council? In this time of the night? Bring him away; Mine's not an idle cause. The duke himself, Or any of my brothers of the state, Cannot but feel this wrong as 'twere their own. For if such actions may have passage free, Bond-slaves and pagans shall our statesmen be.


SCENE III. Venice. A council chamber.


The Duke and Senators sitting at a table; Officers attending.


DUKE. There is no composition in these news That gives them credit.


FIRST SENATOR. Indeed, they are disproportion'd; My letters say a hundred and seven galleys.


DUKE. And mine a hundred and forty.


SECOND SENATOR And mine two hundred: But though they jump not on a just account, (As in these cases, where the aim reports, 'Tis oft with difference,) yet do they all confirm A Turkish fleet, and bearing up to Cyprus.


DUKE. Nay, it is possible enough to judgement: I do not so secure me in the error, But the main article I do approve In fearful sense.


SAILOR. [Within.] What, ho! what, ho! what, ho!


OFFICER. A messenger from the galleys.


Enter Sailor.


DUKE. Now,—what's the business?


SAILOR. The Turkish preparation makes for Rhodes, So was I bid report here to the state By Signior Angelo.


DUKE. How say you by this change?


FIRST SENATOR. This cannot be By no assay of reason. 'Tis a pageant To keep us in false gaze. When we consider The importancy of Cyprus to the Turk; And let ourselves again but understand That, as it more concerns the Turk than Rhodes, So may he with more facile question bear it, For that it stands not in such warlike brace, But altogether lacks the abilities That Rhodes is dress'd in. If we make thought of this, We must not think the Turk is so unskilful To leave that latest which concerns him first, Neglecting an attempt of ease and gain, To wake and wage a danger profitless.


DUKE. Nay, in all confidence, he's not for Rhodes.


OFFICER. Here is more news.


MESSENGER. The Ottomites, reverend and gracious, Steering with due course toward the isle of Rhodes, Have there injointed them with an after fleet.


FIRST SENATOR. Ay, so I thought. How many, as you guess?


MESSENGER. Of thirty sail, and now they do re-stem Their backward course, bearing with frank appearance Their purposes toward Cyprus. Signior Montano, Your trusty and most valiant servitor, With his free duty recommends you thus, And prays you to believe him.


DUKE. 'Tis certain, then, for Cyprus. Marcus Luccicos, is not he in town?


FIRST SENATOR. He's now in Florence.


DUKE. Write from us to him; post-post-haste dispatch.


FIRST SENATOR. Here comes Brabantio and the valiant Moor.


Enter Brabantio, Othello, Iago, Roderigo and Officers.


DUKE. Valiant Othello, we must straight employ you Against the general enemy Ottoman. [To Brabantio.] I did not see you; welcome, gentle signior, We lack'd your counsel and your help tonight.


BRABANTIO. So did I yours. Good your grace, pardon me. Neither my place, nor aught I heard of business Hath rais'd me from my bed, nor doth the general care Take hold on me; for my particular grief Is of so flood-gate and o'erbearing nature That it engluts and swallows other sorrows, And it is still itself.


DUKE. Why, what's the matter?


DUKE and SENATORS. Dead?


BRABANTIO. Ay, to me. She is abused, stol'n from me, and corrupted By spells and medicines bought of mountebanks; For nature so preposterously to err, Being not deficient, blind, or lame of sense, Sans witchcraft could not.


DUKE. Whoe'er he be, that in this foul proceeding, Hath thus beguil'd your daughter of herself, And you of her, the bloody book of law You shall yourself read in the bitter letter, After your own sense, yea, though our proper son Stood in your action.


BRABANTIO. Humbly I thank your grace. Here is the man, this Moor, whom now it seems Your special mandate for the state affairs Hath hither brought.


ALL. We are very sorry for 't.


DUKE. [To Othello.] What, in your own part, can you say to this?


BRABANTIO. Nothing, but this is so.


OTHELLO. Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors, My very noble and approv'd good masters: That I have ta'en away this old man's daughter, It is most true; true, I have married her. The very head and front of my offending Hath this extent, no more. Rude am I in my speech, And little bless'd with the soft phrase of peace; For since these arms of mine had seven years' pith, Till now some nine moons wasted, they have us'd Their dearest action in the tented field, And little of this great world can I speak, More than pertains to feats of broil and battle, And therefore little shall I grace my cause In speaking for myself. Yet, by your gracious patience, I will a round unvarnish'd tale deliver Of my whole course of love: what drugs, what charms, What conjuration, and what mighty magic, (For such proceeding I am charged withal) I won his daughter.


BRABANTIO. A maiden never bold: Of spirit so still and quiet that her motion Blush'd at herself; and she, in spite of nature, Of years, of country, credit, everything, To fall in love with what she fear'd to look on! It is judgement maim'd and most imperfect That will confess perfection so could err Against all rules of nature, and must be driven To find out practices of cunning hell, Why this should be. I therefore vouch again, That with some mixtures powerful o'er the blood, Or with some dram conjur'd to this effect, He wrought upon her.


DUKE. To vouch this is no proof; Without more wider and more overt test Than these thin habits and poor likelihoods Of modern seeming do prefer against him.


FIRST SENATOR. But, Othello, speak: Did you by indirect and forced courses Subdue and poison this young maid's affections? Or came it by request, and such fair question As soul to soul affordeth?


OTHELLO. I do beseech you, Send for the lady to the Sagittary, And let her speak of me before her father. If you do find me foul in her report, The trust, the office I do hold of you, Not only take away, but let your sentence Even fall upon my life.


DUKE. Fetch Desdemona hither.


OTHELLO. Ancient, conduct them, you best know the place.


[Exeunt Iago and Attendants.]


And till she come, as truly as to heaven I do confess the vices of my blood, So justly to your grave ears I'll present How I did thrive in this fair lady's love, And she in mine.


DUKE. Say it, Othello.


OTHELLO. Her father lov'd me, oft invited me, Still question'd me the story of my life, From year to year—the battles, sieges, fortunes, That I have pass'd. I ran it through, even from my boyish days To the very moment that he bade me tell it, Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances, Of moving accidents by flood and field; Of hair-breadth scapes i' th' imminent deadly breach; Of being taken by the insolent foe, And sold to slavery, of my redemption thence, And portance in my traveler's history, Wherein of antres vast and deserts idle, Rough quarries, rocks, and hills whose heads touch heaven, It was my hint to speak,—such was the process; And of the Cannibals that each other eat, The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads Do grow beneath their shoulders. This to hear Would Desdemona seriously incline. But still the house affairs would draw her thence, Which ever as she could with haste dispatch, She'd come again, and with a greedy ear Devour up my discourse; which I observing, Took once a pliant hour, and found good means To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart That I would all my pilgrimage dilate, Whereof by parcels she had something heard, But not intentively. I did consent, And often did beguile her of her tears, When I did speak of some distressful stroke That my youth suffer'd. My story being done, She gave me for my pains a world of sighs. She swore, in faith, 'twas strange, 'twas passing strange; 'Twas pitiful, 'twas wondrous pitiful. She wish'd she had not heard it, yet she wish'd That heaven had made her such a man: she thank'd me, And bade me, if I had a friend that lov'd her, I should but teach him how to tell my story, And that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake: She lov'd me for the dangers I had pass'd, And I lov'd her that she did pity them. This only is the witchcraft I have us'd. Here comes the lady. Let her witness it.


Enter Desdemona, Iago and Attendants.


DUKE. I think this tale would win my daughter too. Good Brabantio, Take up this mangled matter at the best. Men do their broken weapons rather use Than their bare hands.


BRABANTIO. I pray you hear her speak. If she confess that she was half the wooer, Destruction on my head, if my bad blame Light on the man!—Come hither, gentle mistress: Do you perceive in all this noble company Where most you owe obedience?


DESDEMONA. My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education. My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are the lord of duty, I am hitherto your daughter: but here's my husband. And so much duty as my mother show'd To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess Due to the Moor my lord.


BRABANTIO. God be with you! I have done. Please it your grace, on to the state affairs. I had rather to adopt a child than get it.— Come hither, Moor: I here do give thee that with all my heart Which, but thou hast already, with all my heart I would keep from thee.—For your sake, jewel, I am glad at soul I have no other child, For thy escape would teach me tyranny, To hang clogs on them.—I have done, my lord.


DUKE. Let me speak like yourself, and lay a sentence, Which as a grise or step may help these lovers Into your favour. When remedies are past, the griefs are ended By seeing the worst, which late on hopes depended. To mourn a mischief that is past and gone Is the next way to draw new mischief on. What cannot be preserved when fortune takes, Patience her injury a mockery makes. The robb'd that smiles steals something from the thief; He robs himself that spends a bootless grief.


BRABANTIO. So let the Turk of Cyprus us beguile, We lose it not so long as we can smile; He bears the sentence well, that nothing bears But the free comfort which from thence he hears; But he bears both the sentence and the sorrow That, to pay grief, must of poor patience borrow. These sentences to sugar or to gall, Being strong on both sides, are equivocal: But words are words; I never yet did hear That the bruis'd heart was pierced through the ear. I humbly beseech you, proceed to the affairs of state.


DUKE. The Turk with a most mighty preparation makes for Cyprus. Othello, the fortitude of the place is best known to you. And though we have there a substitute of most allowed sufficiency, yet opinion, a sovereign mistress of effects, throws a more safer voice on you: you must therefore be content to slubber the gloss of your new fortunes with this more stubborn and boisterous expedition.


OTHELLO. The tyrant custom, most grave senators, Hath made the flinty and steel couch of war My thrice-driven bed of down: I do agnize A natural and prompt alacrity I find in hardness, and do undertake This present wars against the Ottomites. Most humbly, therefore, bending to your state, I crave fit disposition for my wife, Due reference of place and exhibition, With such accommodation and besort As levels with her breeding.


DUKE. If you please, Be't at her father's.


BRABANTIO. I'll not have it so.


DESDEMONA. Nor I. I would not there reside, To put my father in impatient thoughts, By being in his eye. Most gracious duke, To my unfolding lend your prosperous ear, And let me find a charter in your voice T' assist my simpleness.


DUKE. What would you, Desdemona?


DESDEMONA. That I did love the Moor to live with him, My downright violence and storm of fortunes May trumpet to the world: my heart's subdued Even to the very quality of my lord. I saw Othello's visage in his mind, And to his honours and his valiant parts Did I my soul and fortunes consecrate. So that, dear lords, if I be left behind, A moth of peace, and he go to the war, The rites for which I love him are bereft me, And I a heavy interim shall support By his dear absence. Let me go with him.


OTHELLO. Let her have your voice. Vouch with me, heaven, I therefore beg it not To please the palate of my appetite, Nor to comply with heat, the young affects In me defunct, and proper satisfaction, But to be free and bounteous to her mind. And heaven defend your good souls that you think I will your serious and great business scant For she is with me. No, when light-wing'd toys Of feather'd Cupid seel with wanton dullness My speculative and offic'd instruments, That my disports corrupt and taint my business, Let housewives make a skillet of my helm, And all indign and base adversities Make head against my estimation.


DUKE. Be it as you shall privately determine, Either for her stay or going. The affair cries haste, And speed must answer it.


FIRST SENATOR. You must away tonight.


OTHELLO. With all my heart.


DUKE. At nine i' the morning here we'll meet again. Othello, leave some officer behind, And he shall our commission bring to you, With such things else of quality and respect As doth import you.


OTHELLO. So please your grace, my ancient, A man he is of honesty and trust, To his conveyance I assign my wife, With what else needful your good grace shall think To be sent after me.


DUKE. Let it be so. Good night to everyone. [To Brabantio.] And, noble signior, If virtue no delighted beauty lack, Your son-in-law is far more fair than black.


BRABANTIO. Look to her, Moor, if thou hast eyes to see: She has deceiv'd her father, and may thee.


[Exeunt Duke, Senators, Officers, &c.]


OTHELLO. My life upon her faith! Honest Iago, My Desdemona must I leave to thee. I prithee, let thy wife attend on her, And bring them after in the best advantage.— Come, Desdemona, I have but an hour Of love, of worldly matters, and direction, To spend with thee. We must obey the time.


[Exeunt Othello and Desdemona.]


IAGO. What sayst thou, noble heart?


RODERIGO. What will I do, thinkest thou?


IAGO. Why, go to bed and sleep.


RODERIGO. I will incontinently drown myself.


IAGO. If thou dost, I shall never love thee after. Why, thou silly gentleman!


RODERIGO. It is silliness to live, when to live is torment; and then have we a prescription to die when death is our physician.


IAGO. O villainous! I have looked upon the world for four times seven years, and since I could distinguish betwixt a benefit and an injury, I never found man that knew how to love himself. Ere I would say I would drown myself for the love of a guinea-hen, I would change my humanity with a baboon.


RODERIGO. What should I do? I confess it is my shame to be so fond, but it is not in my virtue to amend it.


IAGO. Virtue! a fig! 'Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus. Our bodies are gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners. So that if we will plant nettles or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weed up thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs or distract it with many, either to have it sterile with idleness or manured with industry, why, the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our wills. If the balance of our lives had not one scale of reason to poise another of sensuality, the blood and baseness of our natures would conduct us to most preposterous conclusions. But we have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbitted lusts; whereof I take this, that you call love, to be a sect, or scion.


RODERIGO. It cannot be.


IAGO. It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. Come, be a man. Drown thyself? Drown cats and blind puppies. I have professed me thy friend, and I confess me knit to thy deserving with cables of perdurable toughness; I could never better stead thee than now. Put money in thy purse; follow thou the wars; defeat thy favour with an usurped beard; I say, put money in thy purse. It cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the Moor,—put money in thy purse,—nor he his to her. It was a violent commencement, and thou shalt see an answerable sequestration—put but money in thy purse. These Moors are changeable in their wills. Fill thy purse with money. The food that to him now is as luscious as locusts shall be to him shortly as acerb as the coloquintida. She must change for youth. When she is sated with his body, she will find the error of her choice. She must have change, she must. Therefore put money in thy purse. If thou wilt needs damn thyself, do it a more delicate way than drowning. Make all the money thou canst. If sanctimony and a frail vow betwixt an erring barbarian and a supersubtle Venetian be not too hard for my wits and all the tribe of hell, thou shalt enjoy her; therefore make money. A pox of drowning thyself! It is clean out of the way: seek thou rather to be hanged in compassing thy joy than to be drowned and go without her.


RODERIGO. Wilt thou be fast to my hopes if I depend on the issue?


IAGO. Thou art sure of me. Go, make money. I have told thee often, and I retell thee again and again, I hate the Moor. My cause is hearted; thine hath no less reason. Let us be conjunctive in our revenge against him: if thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport. There are many events in the womb of time which will be delivered. Traverse, go, provide thy money. We will have more of this tomorrow. Adieu.


RODERIGO. Where shall we meet i' the morning?


RODERIGO. I'll be with thee betimes.


IAGO. Go to, farewell. Do you hear, Roderigo?


IAGO. No more of drowning, do you hear?


RODERIGO. I am changed. I'll sell all my land.


IAGO. Thus do I ever make my fool my purse. For I mine own gain'd knowledge should profane If I would time expend with such a snipe But for my sport and profit. I hate the Moor, And it is thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets He has done my office. I know not if 't be true, But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety. He holds me well, The better shall my purpose work on him. Cassio's a proper man. Let me see now, To get his place, and to plume up my will In double knavery. How, how? Let's see. After some time, to abuse Othello's ear That he is too familiar with his wife. He hath a person and a smooth dispose, To be suspected, fram'd to make women false. The Moor is of a free and open nature That thinks men honest that but seem to be so, And will as tenderly be led by the nose As asses are. I have't. It is engender'd. Hell and night Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light.


SCENE I. A seaport in Cyprus. A Platform.


Enter Montano and two Gentlemen.


MONTANO. What from the cape can you discern at sea?


FIRST GENTLEMAN. Nothing at all, it is a high-wrought flood. I cannot 'twixt the heaven and the main Descry a sail.


MONTANO. Methinks the wind hath spoke aloud at land. A fuller blast ne'er shook our battlements. If it hath ruffian'd so upon the sea, What ribs of oak, when mountains melt on them, Can hold the mortise? What shall we hear of this?


SECOND GENTLEMAN. A segregation of the Turkish fleet. For do but stand upon the foaming shore, The chidden billow seems to pelt the clouds, The wind-shak'd surge, with high and monstrous main, Seems to cast water on the burning Bear, And quench the guards of the ever-fixed pole; I never did like molestation view On the enchafed flood.


MONTANO. If that the Turkish fleet Be not enshelter'd, and embay'd, they are drown'd. It is impossible to bear it out.


THIRD GENTLEMAN. News, lads! Our wars are done. The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks That their designment halts. A noble ship of Venice Hath seen a grievous wreck and sufferance On most part of their fleet.


MONTANO. How? Is this true?


THIRD GENTLEMAN. The ship is here put in, A Veronessa; Michael Cassio, Lieutenant to the warlike Moor Othello, Is come on shore; the Moor himself at sea, And is in full commission here for Cyprus.


MONTANO. I am glad on't. 'Tis a worthy governor.


THIRD GENTLEMAN. But this same Cassio, though he speak of comfort Touching the Turkish loss, yet he looks sadly, And prays the Moor be safe; for they were parted With foul and violent tempest.


MONTANO. Pray heavens he be; For I have serv'd him, and the man commands Like a full soldier. Let's to the sea-side, ho! As well to see the vessel that's come in As to throw out our eyes for brave Othello, Even till we make the main and the aerial blue An indistinct regard.


THIRD GENTLEMAN. Come, let's do so; For every minute is expectancy Of more arrivance.


CASSIO. Thanks you, the valiant of this warlike isle, That so approve the Moor! O, let the heavens Give him defence against the elements, For I have lost him on a dangerous sea.


MONTANO. Is he well shipp'd?


CASSIO. His bark is stoutly timber'd, and his pilot Of very expert and approv'd allowance; Therefore my hopes, not surfeited to death, Stand in bold cure.


[Within.] A sail, a sail, a sail!


CASSIO. What noise?


MESSENGER. The town is empty; on the brow o' the sea Stand ranks of people, and they cry "A sail!"


CASSIO. My hopes do shape him for the governor.


[A shot.]


SECOND GENTLEMAN. They do discharge their shot of courtesy. Our friends at least.


CASSIO. I pray you, sir, go forth, And give us truth who 'tis that is arriv'd.


CASSIO. Most fortunately: he hath achiev'd a maid That paragons description and wild fame, One that excels the quirks of blazoning pens, And in the essential vesture of creation Does tire the ingener.


Enter second Gentleman.


How now? Who has put in?


SECOND GENTLEMAN. 'Tis one Iago, ancient to the general.


CASSIO. He has had most favourable and happy speed: Tempests themselves, high seas, and howling winds, The gutter'd rocks, and congregated sands, Traitors ensteep'd to clog the guiltless keel, As having sense of beauty, do omit Their mortal natures, letting go safely by The divine Desdemona.


MONTANO. What is she?


CASSIO. She that I spake of, our great captain's captain, Left in the conduct of the bold Iago; Whose footing here anticipates our thoughts A se'nnight's speed. Great Jove, Othello guard, And swell his sail with thine own powerful breath, That he may bless this bay with his tall ship, Make love's quick pants in Desdemona's arms, Give renew'd fire to our extincted spirits, And bring all Cyprus comfort!


O, behold, The riches of the ship is come on shore! Ye men of Cyprus, let her have your knees. Hail to thee, lady! and the grace of heaven, Before, behind thee, and on every hand, Enwheel thee round!


DESDEMONA. I thank you, valiant Cassio. What tidings can you tell me of my lord?


CASSIO. He is not yet arrived, nor know I aught But that he's well, and will be shortly here.


DESDEMONA. O, but I fear—How lost you company?


[Within.] A sail, a sail!


CASSIO. The great contention of the sea and skies Parted our fellowship. But, hark! a sail.


[Guns within.]


SECOND GENTLEMAN. They give their greeting to the citadel. This likewise is a friend.


CASSIO. See for the news.


Good ancient, you are welcome. [To Emilia.] Welcome, mistress. Let it not gall your patience, good Iago, That I extend my manners; 'tis my breeding That gives me this bold show of courtesy.


IAGO. Sir, would she give you so much of her lips As of her tongue she oft bestows on me, You would have enough.


DESDEMONA. Alas, she has no speech.


IAGO. In faith, too much. I find it still when I have list to sleep. Marry, before your ladyship, I grant, She puts her tongue a little in her heart, And chides with thinking.


EMILIA. You have little cause to say so.


IAGO. Come on, come on; you are pictures out of doors, Bells in your parlours, wild-cats in your kitchens, Saints in your injuries, devils being offended, Players in your housewifery, and housewives in your beds.


DESDEMONA. O, fie upon thee, slanderer!


IAGO. Nay, it is true, or else I am a Turk. You rise to play, and go to bed to work.


EMILIA. You shall not write my praise.


DESDEMONA. What wouldst thou write of me, if thou shouldst praise me?


IAGO. O gentle lady, do not put me to't, For I am nothing if not critical.


DESDEMONA. Come on, assay.—There's one gone to the harbour?


DESDEMONA. I am not merry, but I do beguile The thing I am, by seeming otherwise.— Come, how wouldst thou praise me?


IAGO. I am about it, but indeed, my invention Comes from my pate as birdlime does from frieze, It plucks out brains and all: but my Muse labours, And thus she is deliver'd. If she be fair and wise, fairness and wit, The one's for use, the other useth it.


DESDEMONA. Well prais'd! How if she be black and witty?


IAGO. If she be black, and thereto have a wit, She'll find a white that shall her blackness fit.


EMILIA. How if fair and foolish?


IAGO. She never yet was foolish that was fair, For even her folly help'd her to an heir.


DESDEMONA. These are old fond paradoxes to make fools laugh i' the alehouse. What miserable praise hast thou for her that's foul and foolish?


IAGO. There's none so foul and foolish thereunto, But does foul pranks which fair and wise ones do.


DESDEMONA. O heavy ignorance! Thou praisest the worst best. But what praise couldst thou bestow on a deserving woman indeed, one that in the authority of her merit did justly put on the vouch of very malice itself?


IAGO. She that was ever fair and never proud, Had tongue at will and yet was never loud, Never lack'd gold and yet went never gay, Fled from her wish, and yet said, "Now I may"; She that, being anger'd, her revenge being nigh, Bade her wrong stay and her displeasure fly; She that in wisdom never was so frail To change the cod's head for the salmon's tail; She that could think and ne'er disclose her mind, See suitors following and not look behind; She was a wight, if ever such wight were—


DESDEMONA. To do what?


IAGO. To suckle fools and chronicle small beer.


DESDEMONA. O most lame and impotent conclusion!—Do not learn of him, Emilia, though he be thy husband.—How say you, Cassio? is he not a most profane and liberal counsellor?


CASSIO. He speaks home, madam. You may relish him more in the soldier than in the scholar.


IAGO. [Aside.] He takes her by the palm. Ay, well said, whisper. With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do. I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. You say true, 'tis so, indeed. If such tricks as these strip you out of your lieutenantry, it had been better you had not kissed your three fingers so oft, which now again you are most apt to play the sir in. Very good; well kissed, an excellent courtesy! 'Tis so, indeed. Yet again your fingers to your lips? Would they were clyster-pipes for your sake!


The Moor! I know his trumpet.


CASSIO. 'Tis truly so.


DESDEMONA. Let's meet him, and receive him.


CASSIO. Lo, where he comes!


Enter Othello and Attendants.


DESDEMONA. My dear Othello!


OTHELLO. It gives me wonder great as my content To see you here before me. O my soul's joy! If after every tempest come such calms, May the winds blow till they have waken'd death! And let the labouring bark climb hills of seas Olympus-high, and duck again as low As hell's from heaven! If it were now to die, 'Twere now to be most happy, for I fear My soul hath her content so absolute That not another comfort like to this Succeeds in unknown fate.


DESDEMONA. The heavens forbid But that our loves and comforts should increase Even as our days do grow!


OTHELLO. Amen to that, sweet powers! I cannot speak enough of this content. It stops me here; it is too much of joy: And this, and this, the greatest discords be [They kiss.] That e'er our hearts shall make!


IAGO. [Aside.] O, you are well tun'd now, But I'll set down the pegs that make this music, As honest as I am.


OTHELLO. Come, let us to the castle.— News, friends, our wars are done, the Turks are drown'd. How does my old acquaintance of this isle? Honey, you shall be well desir'd in Cyprus; I have found great love amongst them. O my sweet, I prattle out of fashion, and I dote In mine own comforts.—I prithee, good Iago, Go to the bay and disembark my coffers. Bring thou the master to the citadel; He is a good one, and his worthiness Does challenge much respect.—Come, Desdemona, Once more well met at Cyprus.


[Exeunt Othello, Desdemona and Attendants.]


IAGO. Do thou meet me presently at the harbour. Come hither. If thou be'st valiant—as, they say, base men being in love have then a nobility in their natures more than is native to them—list me. The lieutenant tonight watches on the court of guard: first, I must tell thee this: Desdemona is directly in love with him.


RODERIGO. With him? Why, 'tis not possible.


IAGO. Lay thy finger thus, and let thy soul be instructed. Mark me with what violence she first loved the Moor, but for bragging, and telling her fantastical lies. And will she love him still for prating? Let not thy discreet heart think it. Her eye must be fed. And what delight shall she have to look on the devil? When the blood is made dull with the act of sport, there should be, again to inflame it and to give satiety a fresh appetite, loveliness in favour, sympathy in years, manners, and beauties; all which the Moor is defective in: now, for want of these required conveniences, her delicate tenderness will find itself abused, begin to heave the gorge, disrelish and abhor the Moor, very nature will instruct her in it, and compel her to some second choice. Now sir, this granted (as it is a most pregnant and unforced position) who stands so eminently in the degree of this fortune as Cassio does? a knave very voluble; no further conscionable than in putting on the mere form of civil and humane seeming, for the better compassing of his salt and most hidden loose affection? Why, none, why, none! A slipper and subtle knave, a finder out of occasions; that has an eye can stamp and counterfeit advantages, though true advantage never present itself: a devilish knave! Besides, the knave is handsome, young, and hath all those requisites in him that folly and green minds look after. A pestilent complete knave, and the woman hath found him already.


RODERIGO. I cannot believe that in her, she is full of most blessed condition.


IAGO. Blest fig's end! the wine she drinks is made of grapes: if she had been blessed, she would never have loved the Moor. Blessed pudding! Didst thou not see her paddle with the palm of his hand? Didst not mark that?


RODERIGO. Yes, that I did. But that was but courtesy.


IAGO. Lechery, by this hand. An index and obscure prologue to the history of lust and foul thoughts. They met so near with their lips that their breaths embrac'd together. Villainous thoughts, Roderigo! When these mutualities so marshal the way, hard at hand comes the master and main exercise, the incorporate conclusion. Pish! But, sir, be you ruled by me. I have brought you from Venice. Watch you tonight. For the command, I'll lay't upon you. Cassio knows you not. I'll not be far from you. Do you find some occasion to anger Cassio, either by speaking too loud, or tainting his discipline, or from what other course you please, which the time shall more favourably minister.


IAGO. Sir, he is rash, and very sudden in choler, and haply with his truncheon may strike at you: provoke him that he may, for even out of that will I cause these of Cyprus to mutiny, whose qualification shall come into no true taste again but by the displanting of Cassio. So shall you have a shorter journey to your desires by the means I shall then have to prefer them, and the impediment most profitably removed, without the which there were no expectation of our prosperity.


RODERIGO. I will do this, if I can bring it to any opportunity.


IAGO. I warrant thee. Meet me by and by at the citadel: I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Farewell.


IAGO. That Cassio loves her, I do well believe it; That she loves him, 'tis apt, and of great credit: The Moor, howbeit that I endure him not, Is of a constant, loving, noble nature; And, I dare think, he'll prove to Desdemona A most dear husband. Now, I do love her too, Not out of absolute lust (though peradventure I stand accountant for as great a sin) But partly led to diet my revenge, For that I do suspect the lusty Moor Hath leap'd into my seat. The thought whereof Doth, like a poisonous mineral, gnaw my inwards, And nothing can or shall content my soul Till I am even'd with him, wife for wife, Or, failing so, yet that I put the Moor At least into a jealousy so strong That judgement cannot cure. Which thing to do, If this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash For his quick hunting, stand the putting on, I'll have our Michael Cassio on the hip, Abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb (For I fear Cassio with my night-cap too) Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me For making him egregiously an ass And practicing upon his peace and quiet Even to madness. 'Tis here, but yet confus'd. Knavery's plain face is never seen till us'd.


Enter Othello's Herald with a proclamation.


HERALD. It is Othello's pleasure, our noble and valiant general, that upon certain tidings now arrived, importing the mere perdition of the Turkish fleet, every man put himself into triumph: some to dance, some to make bonfires, each man to what sport and revels his addition leads him. For besides these beneficial news, it is the celebration of his nuptial. So much was his pleasure should be proclaimed. All offices are open, and there is full liberty of feasting from this present hour of five till the bell have told eleven. Heaven bless the isle of Cyprus and our noble general Othello!


SCENE III. A Hall in the Castle.


Enter Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Attendants.


OTHELLO. Good Michael, look you to the guard tonight. Let's teach ourselves that honourable stop, Not to outsport discretion.


CASSIO. Iago hath direction what to do. But notwithstanding with my personal eye Will I look to't.


OTHELLO. Iago is most honest. Michael, good night. Tomorrow with your earliest Let me have speech with you. [To Desdemona.] Come, my dear love, The purchase made, the fruits are to ensue; That profit's yet to come 'tween me and you.— Good night.


CASSIO. Welcome, Iago. We must to the watch.


IAGO. Not this hour, lieutenant. 'Tis not yet ten o' th' clock. Our general cast us thus early for the love of his Desdemona; who let us not therefore blame: he hath not yet made wanton the night with her; and she is sport for Jove.


CASSIO. She's a most exquisite lady.


IAGO. And, I'll warrant her, full of game.


CASSIO. Indeed, she is a most fresh and delicate creature.


IAGO. What an eye she has! methinks it sounds a parley to provocation.


CASSIO. An inviting eye, and yet methinks right modest.


IAGO. And when she speaks, is it not an alarm to love?


CASSIO. She is indeed perfection.


IAGO. Well, happiness to their sheets! Come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine; and here without are a brace of Cyprus gallants that would fain have a measure to the health of black Othello.


CASSIO. Not tonight, good Iago. I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking. I could well wish courtesy would invent some other custom of entertainment.


IAGO. O, they are our friends; but one cup: I'll drink for you.


CASSIO. I have drunk but one cup tonight, and that was craftily qualified too, and behold, what innovation it makes here: I am unfortunate in the infirmity, and dare not task my weakness with any more.


IAGO. What, man! 'Tis a night of revels. The gallants desire it.


CASSIO. Where are they?


IAGO. Here at the door. I pray you, call them in.


CASSIO. I'll do't; but it dislikes me.


IAGO. If I can fasten but one cup upon him, With that which he hath drunk tonight already, He'll be as full of quarrel and offence As my young mistress' dog. Now my sick fool Roderigo, Whom love hath turn'd almost the wrong side out, To Desdemona hath tonight carous'd Potations pottle-deep; and he's to watch: Three lads of Cyprus, noble swelling spirits, That hold their honours in a wary distance, The very elements of this warlike isle, Have I tonight fluster'd with flowing cups, And they watch too. Now, 'mongst this flock of drunkards, Am I to put our Cassio in some action That may offend the isle. But here they come: If consequence do but approve my dream, My boat sails freely, both with wind and stream.


Enter Cassio, Montano and Gentlemen; followed by Servant with wine.


CASSIO. 'Fore God, they have given me a rouse already.


MONTANO. Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a soldier.


IAGO. Some wine, ho! [Sings.]


And let me the cannikin clink, clink, And let me the cannikin clink, clink: A soldier's a man, O, man's life's but a span, Why then let a soldier drink.


Some wine, boys!


CASSIO. 'Fore God, an excellent song.


IAGO. I learned it in England, where indeed they are most potent in potting: your Dane, your German, and your swag-bellied Hollander,—drink, ho!—are nothing to your English.


CASSIO. Is your Englishman so expert in his drinking?


IAGO. Why, he drinks you, with facility, your Dane dead drunk; he sweats not to overthrow your Almain; he gives your Hollander a vomit ere the next pottle can be filled.


CASSIO. To the health of our general!


IAGO. O sweet England!


King Stephen was a worthy peer, His breeches cost him but a crown; He held them sixpence all too dear, With that he call'd the tailor lown. He was a wight of high renown, And thou art but of low degree: 'Tis pride that pulls the country down, Then take thine auld cloak about thee.


Some wine, ho!


CASSIO. 'Fore God, this is a more exquisite song than the other.


IAGO. Will you hear 't again?


CASSIO. No, for I hold him to be unworthy of his place that does those things. Well, God's above all, and there be souls must be saved, and there be souls must not be saved.


CASSIO. For mine own part, no offence to the general, nor any man of quality, I hope to be saved.


CASSIO. Ay, but, by your leave, not before me; the lieutenant is to be saved before the ancient. Let's have no more of this; let's to our affairs. Forgive us our sins! Gentlemen, let's look to our business. Do not think, gentlemen, I am drunk. This is my ancient, this is my right hand, and this is my left. I am not drunk now. I can stand well enough, and I speak well enough.


CASSIO. Why, very well then. You must not think, then, that I am drunk.


MONTANO. To the platform, masters. Come, let's set the watch.


IAGO. You see this fellow that is gone before, He is a soldier fit to stand by Cæsar And give direction: and do but see his vice, 'Tis to his virtue a just equinox, The one as long as th' other. 'Tis pity of him. I fear the trust Othello puts him in, On some odd time of his infirmity, Will shake this island.


MONTANO. But is he often thus?


IAGO. 'Tis evermore the prologue to his sleep: He'll watch the horologe a double set If drink rock not his cradle.


MONTANO. It were well The general were put in mind of it. Perhaps he sees it not, or his good nature Prizes the virtue that appears in Cassio, And looks not on his evils: is not this true?


IAGO. [Aside to him.] How now, Roderigo? I pray you, after the lieutenant; go.


MONTANO. And 'tis great pity that the noble Moor Should hazard such a place as his own second With one of an ingraft infirmity: It were an honest action to say so To the Moor.


IAGO. Not I, for this fair island. I do love Cassio well and would do much To cure him of this evil. But, hark! What noise?


[Cry within: "Help! help!"]


Enter Cassio, driving in Roderigo.


MONTANO. What's the matter, lieutenant?


CASSIO. A knave teach me my duty! I'll beat the knave into a twiggen bottle.


RODERIGO. Beat me?


CASSIO. Dost thou prate, rogue?


MONTANO. Nay, good lieutenant; I pray you, sir, hold your hand.


CASSIO. Let me go, sir, Or I'll knock you o'er the mazard.


IAGO. [Aside to Roderigo.] Away, I say! Go out and cry a mutiny.


Nay, good lieutenant, God's will, gentlemen. Help, ho!—Lieutenant,—sir,—Montano,—sir:— Help, masters! Here's a goodly watch indeed!


Who's that which rings the bell?—Diablo, ho! The town will rise. God's will, lieutenant, hold, You will be sham'd forever.


OTHELLO. What is the matter here?


MONTANO. Zounds, I bleed still, I am hurt to the death.


OTHELLO. Hold, for your lives!


IAGO. Hold, ho! lieutenant,—sir,—Montano,—gentlemen,— Have you forgot all place of sense and duty? Hold! The general speaks to you; hold, hold, for shame!


OTHELLO. Why, how now, ho! From whence ariseth this? Are we turn'd Turks, and to ourselves do that Which heaven hath forbid the Ottomites? For Christian shame, put by this barbarous brawl: He that stirs next to carve for his own rage Holds his soul light; he dies upon his motion. Silence that dreadful bell, it frights the isle From her propriety. What is the matter, masters? Honest Iago, that looks dead with grieving, Speak, who began this? On thy love, I charge thee.


IAGO. I do not know. Friends all but now, even now, In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom Devesting them for bed; and then, but now, As if some planet had unwitted men, Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast, In opposition bloody. I cannot speak Any beginning to this peevish odds; And would in action glorious I had lost Those legs that brought me to a part of it!


OTHELLO. How comes it, Michael, you are thus forgot?


CASSIO. I pray you, pardon me; I cannot speak.


OTHELLO. Worthy Montano, you were wont be civil. The gravity and stillness of your youth The world hath noted, and your name is great In mouths of wisest censure: what's the matter, That you unlace your reputation thus, And spend your rich opinion for the name Of a night-brawler? Give me answer to it.


MONTANO. Worthy Othello, I am hurt to danger. Your officer, Iago, can inform you, While I spare speech, which something now offends me, Of all that I do know; nor know I aught By me that's said or done amiss this night, Unless self-charity be sometimes a vice, And to defend ourselves it be a sin When violence assails us.


OTHELLO. Now, by heaven, My blood begins my safer guides to rule, And passion, having my best judgement collied, Assays to lead the way. Zounds, if I stir, Or do but lift this arm, the best of you Shall sink in my rebuke. Give me to know How this foul rout began, who set it on, And he that is approv'd in this offence, Though he had twinn'd with me, both at a birth, Shall lose me. What! in a town of war, Yet wild, the people's hearts brimful of fear, To manage private and domestic quarrel, In night, and on the court and guard of safety? 'Tis monstrous. Iago, who began't?


MONTANO. If partially affin'd, or leagu'd in office, Thou dost deliver more or less than truth, Thou art no soldier.


IAGO. Touch me not so near. I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth Than it should do offence to Michael Cassio. Yet I persuade myself, to speak the truth Shall nothing wrong him. Thus it is, general: Montano and myself being in speech, There comes a fellow crying out for help, And Cassio following him with determin'd sword, To execute upon him. Sir, this gentleman Steps in to Cassio and entreats his pause. Myself the crying fellow did pursue, Lest by his clamour (as it so fell out) The town might fall in fright: he, swift of foot, Outran my purpose: and I return'd the rather For that I heard the clink and fall of swords, And Cassio high in oath, which till tonight I ne'er might say before. When I came back, (For this was brief) I found them close together, At blow and thrust, even as again they were When you yourself did part them. More of this matter cannot I report. But men are men; the best sometimes forget; Though Cassio did some little wrong to him, As men in rage strike those that wish them best, Yet surely Cassio, I believe, receiv'd From him that fled some strange indignity, Which patience could not pass.


OTHELLO. I know, Iago, Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter, Making it light to Cassio. Cassio, I love thee, But never more be officer of mine.


Look, if my gentle love be not rais'd up! I'll make thee an example.


DESDEMONA. What's the matter?


OTHELLO. All's well now, sweeting; come away to bed. Sir, for your hurts, myself will be your surgeon. Lead him off.


[Montano is led off.]


Iago, look with care about the town, And silence those whom this vile brawl distracted. Come, Desdemona: 'tis the soldiers' life To have their balmy slumbers wak'd with strife.


[Exeunt all but Iago and Cassio.]


CASSIO. Ay, past all surgery.


IAGO. Marry, Heaven forbid!


CASSIO. Reputation, reputation, reputation! O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part of myself, and what remains is bestial. My reputation, Iago, my reputation!


IAGO. As I am an honest man, I thought you had received some bodily wound; there is more sense in that than in reputation. Reputation is an idle and most false imposition, oft got without merit and lost without deserving. You have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser. What, man, there are ways to recover the general again: you are but now cast in his mood, a punishment more in policy than in malice, even so as one would beat his offenceless dog to affright an imperious lion: sue to him again, and he's yours.


CASSIO. I will rather sue to be despised than to deceive so good a commander with so slight, so drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Drunk? and speak parrot? and squabble? swagger? swear? and discourse fustian with one's own shadow? O thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee devil!


IAGO. What was he that you followed with your sword? What had he done to you?


CASSIO. I know not.


CASSIO. I remember a mass of things, but nothing distinctly; a quarrel, but nothing wherefore. O God, that men should put an enemy in their mouths to steal away their brains! That we should with joy, pleasance, revel, and applause, transform ourselves into beasts!


IAGO. Why, but you are now well enough: how came you thus recovered?


CASSIO. It hath pleased the devil drunkenness to give place to the devil wrath. One unperfectness shows me another, to make me frankly despise myself.


IAGO. Come, you are too severe a moraler. As the time, the place, and the condition of this country stands, I could heartily wish this had not befallen; but since it is as it is, mend it for your own good.


CASSIO. I will ask him for my place again; he shall tell me I am a drunkard! Had I as many mouths as Hydra, such an answer would stop them all. To be now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and presently a beast! O strange! Every inordinate cup is unbless'd, and the ingredient is a devil.


IAGO. Come, come, good wine is a good familiar creature, if it be well used. Exclaim no more against it. And, good lieutenant, I think you think I love you.


CASSIO. I have well approved it, sir.—I drunk!


IAGO. You, or any man living, may be drunk at a time, man. I'll tell you what you shall do. Our general's wife is now the general; I may say so in this respect, for that he hath devoted and given up himself to the contemplation, mark, and denotement of her parts and graces. Confess yourself freely to her. Importune her help to put you in your place again. She is of so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her goodness not to do more than she is requested. This broken joint between you and her husband entreat her to splinter, and, my fortunes against any lay worth naming, this crack of your love shall grow stronger than it was before.


CASSIO. You advise me well.


IAGO. I protest, in the sincerity of love and honest kindness.


CASSIO. I think it freely; and betimes in the morning I will beseech the virtuous Desdemona to undertake for me; I am desperate of my fortunes if they check me here.


IAGO. You are in the right. Good night, lieutenant, I must to the watch.


CASSIO. Good night, honest Iago.


IAGO. And what's he then, that says I play the villain? When this advice is free I give and honest, Probal to thinking, and indeed the course To win the Moor again? For 'tis most easy The inclining Desdemona to subdue In any honest suit. She's fram'd as fruitful As the free elements. And then for her To win the Moor, were't to renounce his baptism, All seals and symbols of redeemed sin, His soul is so enfetter'd to her love That she may make, unmake, do what she list, Even as her appetite shall play the god With his weak function. How am I then, a villain To counsel Cassio to this parallel course, Directly to his good? Divinity of hell! When devils will the blackest sins put on, They do suggest at first with heavenly shows, As I do now: for whiles this honest fool Plies Desdemona to repair his fortune, And she for him pleads strongly to the Moor, I'll pour this pestilence into his ear, That she repeals him for her body's lust; And by how much she strives to do him good, She shall undo her credit with the Moor. So will I turn her virtue into pitch, And out of her own goodness make the net That shall enmesh them all.


RODERIGO. I do follow here in the chase, not like a hound that hunts, but one that fills up the cry. My money is almost spent, I have been tonight exceedingly well cudgelled; and I think the issue will be, I shall have so much experience for my pains, and so, with no money at all and a little more wit, return again to Venice.


IAGO. How poor are they that have not patience! What wound did ever heal but by degrees? Thou know'st we work by wit, and not by witchcraft, And wit depends on dilatory time. Does't not go well? Cassio hath beaten thee, And thou, by that small hurt, hast cashier'd Cassio; Though other things grow fair against the sun, Yet fruits that blossom first will first be ripe. Content thyself awhile. By the mass, 'tis morning; Pleasure and action make the hours seem short. Retire thee; go where thou art billeted. Away, I say, thou shalt know more hereafter. Nay, get thee gone.


Two things are to be done, My wife must move for Cassio to her mistress. I'll set her on; Myself the while to draw the Moor apart, And bring him jump when he may Cassio find Soliciting his wife. Ay, that's the way. Dull not device by coldness and delay.


SCENE I. Cyprus. Before the Castle.


Enter Cassio and some Musicians.


CASSIO. Masters, play here, I will content your pains, Something that's brief; and bid "Good morrow, general."


CLOWN. Why, masters, have your instruments been in Naples, that they speak i' the nose thus?


FIRST MUSICIAN. How, sir, how?


CLOWN. Are these, I pray you, wind instruments?


FIRST MUSICIAN. Ay, marry, are they, sir.


CLOWN. O, thereby hangs a tail.


FIRST MUSICIAN. Whereby hangs a tale, sir?


CLOWN. Marry, sir, by many a wind instrument that I know. But, masters, here's money for you: and the general so likes your music, that he desires you, for love's sake, to make no more noise with it.


FIRST MUSICIAN. Well, sir, we will not.


CLOWN. If you have any music that may not be heard, to't again. But, as they say, to hear music the general does not greatly care.


FIRST MUSICIAN. We have none such, sir.


CLOWN. Then put up your pipes in your bag, for I'll away. Go, vanish into air, away!


CASSIO. Dost thou hear, mine honest friend?


CLOWN. No, I hear not your honest friend. I hear you.


CASSIO. Prithee, keep up thy quillets. There's a poor piece of gold for thee: if the gentlewoman that attends the general's wife be stirring, tell her there's one Cassio entreats her a little favour of speech. Wilt thou do this?


CLOWN. She is stirring, sir; if she will stir hither, I shall seem to notify unto her.


[Exit Clown.]


IAGO. You have not been a-bed, then?


CASSIO. Why, no. The day had broke Before we parted. I have made bold, Iago, To send in to your wife. My suit to her Is, that she will to virtuous Desdemona Procure me some access.


IAGO. I'll send her to you presently, And I'll devise a mean to draw the Moor Out of the way, that your converse and business May be more free.


CASSIO. I humbly thank you for't.


I never knew A Florentine more kind and honest.


EMILIA. Good morrow, good lieutenant; I am sorry For your displeasure, but all will sure be well. The general and his wife are talking of it, And she speaks for you stoutly: the Moor replies That he you hurt is of great fame in Cyprus And great affinity, and that in wholesome wisdom He might not but refuse you; but he protests he loves you And needs no other suitor but his likings To take the safest occasion by the front To bring you in again.


CASSIO. Yet, I beseech you, If you think fit, or that it may be done, Give me advantage of some brief discourse With Desdemona alone.


EMILIA. Pray you, come in. I will bestow you where you shall have time To speak your bosom freely.


CASSIO. I am much bound to you.


SCENE II. Cyprus. A Room in the Castle.


Enter Othello, Iago and Gentlemen.


OTHELLO. These letters give, Iago, to the pilot, And by him do my duties to the senate. That done, I will be walking on the works, Repair there to me.


OTHELLO. This fortification, gentlemen, shall we see't?


GENTLEMEN. We'll wait upon your lordship.


SCENE III. Cyprus. The Garden of the Castle.


DESDEMONA. Be thou assured, good Cassio, I will do All my abilities in thy behalf.


EMILIA. Good madam, do. I warrant it grieves my husband As if the cause were his.


DESDEMONA. O, that's an honest fellow. Do not doubt, Cassio, But I will have my lord and you again As friendly as you were.


CASSIO. Bounteous madam, Whatever shall become of Michael Cassio, He's never anything but your true servant.


DESDEMONA. I know't. I thank you. You do love my lord. You have known him long; and be you well assur'd He shall in strangeness stand no farther off Than in a politic distance.


CASSIO. Ay, but, lady, That policy may either last so long, Or feed upon such nice and waterish diet, Or breed itself so out of circumstance, That, I being absent, and my place supplied, My general will forget my love and service.


DESDEMONA. Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee, If I do vow a friendship, I'll perform it To the last article. My lord shall never rest, I'll watch him tame, and talk him out of patience; His bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift; I'll intermingle everything he does With Cassio's suit. Therefore be merry, Cassio, For thy solicitor shall rather die Than give thy cause away.


Enter Othello and Iago.


EMILIA. Madam, here comes my lord.


CASSIO. Madam, I'll take my leave.


DESDEMONA. Why, stay, and hear me speak.


CASSIO. Madam, not now. I am very ill at ease, Unfit for mine own purposes.


IAGO. Ha, I like not that.


OTHELLO. What dost thou say?


IAGO. Nothing, my lord; or if—I know not what.


OTHELLO. Was not that Cassio parted from my wife?


IAGO. Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think it, That he would steal away so guilty-like, Seeing you coming.


DESDEMONA. How now, my lord? I have been talking with a suitor here, A man that languishes in your displeasure.


OTHELLO. Who is't you mean?


DESDEMONA. Why, your lieutenant, Cassio. Good my lord, If I have any grace or power to move you, His present reconciliation take; For if he be not one that truly loves you, That errs in ignorance and not in cunning, I have no judgement in an honest face. I prithee call him back.


OTHELLO. Went he hence now?


DESDEMONA. Ay, sooth; so humbled That he hath left part of his grief with me To suffer with him. Good love, call him back.


OTHELLO. Not now, sweet Desdemon, some other time.


DESDEMONA. But shall't be shortly?


OTHELLO. The sooner, sweet, for you.


DESDEMONA. Shall't be tonight at supper?


OTHELLO. No, not tonight.


DESDEMONA. Tomorrow dinner then?


OTHELLO. I shall not dine at home; I meet the captains at the citadel.


DESDEMONA. Why then tomorrow night, or Tuesday morn, On Tuesday noon, or night; on Wednesday morn. I prithee name the time, but let it not Exceed three days. In faith, he's penitent; And yet his trespass, in our common reason, (Save that, they say, the wars must make examples Out of their best) is not almost a fault To incur a private check. When shall he come? Tell me, Othello: I wonder in my soul, What you would ask me, that I should deny, Or stand so mammering on. What? Michael Cassio, That came a-wooing with you, and so many a time, When I have spoke of you dispraisingly, Hath ta'en your part, to have so much to do To bring him in! Trust me, I could do much.


OTHELLO. Prithee no more. Let him come when he will; I will deny thee nothing.


DESDEMONA. Why, this is not a boon; 'Tis as I should entreat you wear your gloves, Or feed on nourishing dishes, or keep you warm, Or sue to you to do a peculiar profit To your own person: nay, when I have a suit Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed, It shall be full of poise and difficult weight, And fearful to be granted.


OTHELLO. I will deny thee nothing. Whereon, I do beseech thee, grant me this, To leave me but a little to myself.


OTHELLO. Farewell, my Desdemona. I'll come to thee straight.


DESDEMONA. Emilia, come. Be as your fancies teach you. Whate'er you be, I am obedient.


[Exit with Emilia.]


OTHELLO. Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul, But I do love thee! And when I love thee not, Chaos is come again.


OTHELLO. What dost thou say, Iago?


IAGO. Did Michael Cassio, when you woo'd my lady, Know of your love?


OTHELLO. He did, from first to last. Why dost thou ask?


IAGO. But for a satisfaction of my thought. No further harm.


OTHELLO. Why of thy thought, Iago?


IAGO. I did not think he had been acquainted with her.


OTHELLO. O yes, and went between us very oft.


OTHELLO. Indeed? Ay, indeed. Discern'st thou aught in that? Is he not honest?


IAGO. Honest, my lord?


OTHELLO. Honest? ay, honest.


IAGO. My lord, for aught I know.


OTHELLO. What dost thou think?


IAGO. Think, my lord?


OTHELLO. Think, my lord? By heaven, he echoes me, As if there were some monster in his thought Too hideous to be shown. Thou dost mean something. I heard thee say even now, thou lik'st not that, When Cassio left my wife. What didst not like? And when I told thee he was of my counsel In my whole course of wooing, thou criedst, "Indeed?" And didst contract and purse thy brow together, As if thou then hadst shut up in thy brain Some horrible conceit: if thou dost love me, Show me thy thought.


IAGO. My lord, you know I love you.


OTHELLO. I think thou dost; And for I know thou'rt full of love and honesty And weigh'st thy words before thou giv'st them breath, Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more: For such things in a false disloyal knave Are tricks of custom; but in a man that's just, They're close dilations, working from the heart, That passion cannot rule.


IAGO. For Michael Cassio, I dare be sworn I think that he is honest.


OTHELLO. I think so too.


IAGO. Men should be what they seem; Or those that be not, would they might seem none!


OTHELLO. Certain, men should be what they seem.


IAGO. Why then, I think Cassio's an honest man.


OTHELLO. Nay, yet there's more in this: I prithee, speak to me as to thy thinkings, As thou dost ruminate, and give thy worst of thoughts The worst of words.


IAGO. Good my lord, pardon me. Though I am bound to every act of duty, I am not bound to that all slaves are free to. Utter my thoughts? Why, say they are vile and false: As where's that palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not? Who has a breast so pure But some uncleanly apprehensions Keep leets and law-days, and in session sit With meditations lawful?


OTHELLO. Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago, If thou but think'st him wrong'd and mak'st his ear A stranger to thy thoughts.


IAGO. I do beseech you, Though I perchance am vicious in my guess, As, I confess, it is my nature's plague To spy into abuses, and of my jealousy Shapes faults that are not,—that your wisdom From one that so imperfectly conceits, Would take no notice; nor build yourself a trouble Out of his scattering and unsure observance. It were not for your quiet nor your good, Nor for my manhood, honesty, or wisdom, To let you know my thoughts.


OTHELLO. What dost thou mean?


IAGO. Good name in man and woman, dear my lord, Is the immediate jewel of their souls. Who steals my purse steals trash. 'Tis something, nothing; 'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands. But he that filches from me my good name Robs me of that which not enriches him And makes me poor indeed.


OTHELLO. By heaven, I'll know thy thoughts.


IAGO. You cannot, if my heart were in your hand, Nor shall not, whilst 'tis in my custody.


IAGO. O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; It is the green-ey'd monster which doth mock The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger; But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er Who dotes, yet doubts, suspects, yet strongly loves!


OTHELLO. O misery!


IAGO. Poor and content is rich, and rich enough; But riches fineless is as poor as winter To him that ever fears he shall be poor. Good heaven, the souls of all my tribe defend From jealousy!


OTHELLO. Why, why is this? Think'st thou I'd make a life of jealousy, To follow still the changes of the moon With fresh suspicions? No. To be once in doubt Is once to be resolv'd: exchange me for a goat When I shall turn the business of my soul To such exsufflicate and blown surmises, Matching thy inference. 'Tis not to make me jealous, To say my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company, Is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well; Where virtue is, these are more virtuous: Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw The smallest fear or doubt of her revolt, For she had eyes, and chose me. No, Iago, I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove; And on the proof, there is no more but this: Away at once with love or jealousy!


IAGO. I am glad of it, for now I shall have reason To show the love and duty that I bear you With franker spirit: therefore, as I am bound, Receive it from me. I speak not yet of proof. Look to your wife; observe her well with Cassio; Wear your eye thus, not jealous nor secure. I would not have your free and noble nature, Out of self-bounty, be abus'd. Look to't. I know our country disposition well; In Venice they do let heaven see the pranks They dare not show their husbands. Their best conscience Is not to leave undone, but keep unknown.


OTHELLO. Dost thou say so?


IAGO. She did deceive her father, marrying you; And when she seem'd to shake and fear your looks, She loved them most.


OTHELLO. And so she did.


IAGO. Why, go to then. She that so young could give out such a seeming, To seal her father's eyes up close as oak, He thought 'twas witchcraft. But I am much to blame. I humbly do beseech you of your pardon For too much loving you.


OTHELLO. I am bound to thee for ever.


IAGO. I see this hath a little dash'd your spirits.


IAGO. Trust me, I fear it has. I hope you will consider what is spoke Comes from my love. But I do see you're mov'd. I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser issues nor to larger reach Than to suspicion.


OTHELLO. I will not.


IAGO. Should you do so, my lord, My speech should fall into such vile success Which my thoughts aim'd not. Cassio's my worthy friend. My lord, I see you're mov'd.


OTHELLO. No, not much mov'd. I do not think but Desdemona's honest.


IAGO. Long live she so! And long live you to think so!


OTHELLO. And yet, how nature erring from itself—


IAGO. Ay, there's the point. As, to be bold with you, Not to affect many proposed matches, Of her own clime, complexion, and degree, Whereto we see in all things nature tends; Foh! One may smell in such a will most rank, Foul disproportion, thoughts unnatural. But pardon me: I do not in position Distinctly speak of her, though I may fear Her will, recoiling to her better judgement, May fall to match you with her country forms, And happily repent.


OTHELLO. Farewell, farewell: If more thou dost perceive, let me know more; Set on thy wife to observe. Leave me, Iago.


IAGO. [Going.] My lord, I take my leave.


OTHELLO. Why did I marry? This honest creature doubtless Sees and knows more, much more, than he unfolds.


IAGO. [Returning.] My lord, I would I might entreat your honour To scan this thing no further. Leave it to time: Though it be fit that Cassio have his place, For sure he fills it up with great ability, Yet if you please to hold him off awhile, You shall by that perceive him and his means. Note if your lady strain his entertainment With any strong or vehement importunity, Much will be seen in that. In the meantime, Let me be thought too busy in my fears (As worthy cause I have to fear I am) And hold her free, I do beseech your honour.


OTHELLO. Fear not my government.


IAGO. I once more take my leave.


OTHELLO. This fellow's of exceeding honesty, And knows all qualities, with a learned spirit, Of human dealings. If I do prove her haggard, Though that her jesses were my dear heartstrings, I'd whistle her off, and let her down the wind To prey at fortune. Haply, for I am black, And have not those soft parts of conversation That chamberers have, or for I am declin'd Into the vale of years,—yet that's not much— She's gone, I am abus'd, and my relief Must be to loathe her. O curse of marriage, That we can call these delicate creatures ours, And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad, And live upon the vapour of a dungeon, Than keep a corner in the thing I love For others' uses. Yet, 'tis the plague of great ones, Prerogativ'd are they less than the base, 'Tis destiny unshunnable, like death: Even then this forked plague is fated to us When we do quicken. Desdemona comes. If she be false, O, then heaven mocks itself! I'll not believe't.


DESDEMONA. How now, my dear Othello? Your dinner, and the generous islanders By you invited, do attend your presence.


DESDEMONA. Why do you speak so faintly? Are you not well?


OTHELLO. I have a pain upon my forehead here.


DESDEMONA. Faith, that's with watching, 'twill away again; Let me but bind it hard, within this hour It will be well.


OTHELLO. Your napkin is too little;


[He puts the handkerchief from him, and she drops it.]


Let it alone. Come, I'll go in with you.


DESDEMONA. I am very sorry that you are not well.


EMILIA. I am glad I have found this napkin; This was her first remembrance from the Moor. My wayward husband hath a hundred times Woo'd me to steal it. But she so loves the token, For he conjur'd her she should ever keep it, That she reserves it evermore about her To kiss and talk to. I'll have the work ta'en out, And give't Iago. What he will do with it Heaven knows, not I, I nothing but to please his fantasy.


IAGO. How now? What do you here alone?


EMILIA. Do not you chide. I have a thing for you.


IAGO. A thing for me? It is a common thing—


IAGO. To have a foolish wife.


EMILIA. O, is that all? What will you give me now For that same handkerchief?


IAGO. What handkerchief?


EMILIA. What handkerchief? Why, that the Moor first gave to Desdemona, That which so often you did bid me steal.


IAGO. Hast stol'n it from her?


EMILIA. No, faith, she let it drop by negligence, And, to the advantage, I being here, took 't up. Look, here it is.


IAGO. A good wench, give it me.


EMILIA. What will you do with't, that you have been so earnest To have me filch it?


IAGO. [Snatching it.] Why, what's that to you?


EMILIA. If it be not for some purpose of import, Give 't me again. Poor lady, she'll run mad When she shall lack it.


IAGO. Be not acknown on't, I have use for it. Go, leave me.


I will in Cassio's lodging lose this napkin, And let him find it. Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmations strong As proofs of holy writ. This may do something. The Moor already changes with my poison: Dangerous conceits are in their natures poisons, Which at the first are scarce found to distaste, But with a little act upon the blood Burn like the mines of sulphur. I did say so.


Look, where he comes. Not poppy, nor mandragora, Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world, Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep Which thou ow'dst yesterday.


IAGO. Why, how now, general? No more of that.


OTHELLO. Avaunt! be gone! Thou hast set me on the rack. I swear 'tis better to be much abus'd Than but to know't a little.


IAGO. How now, my lord?


OTHELLO. What sense had I of her stol'n hours of lust? I saw't not, thought it not, it harm'd not me. I slept the next night well, was free and merry; I found not Cassio's kisses on her lips. He that is robb'd, not wanting what is stol'n, Let him not know't, and he's not robb'd at all.


IAGO. I am sorry to hear this.


OTHELLO. I had been happy if the general camp, Pioners and all, had tasted her sweet body, So I had nothing known. O, now, for ever Farewell the tranquil mind! Farewell content! Farewell the plumed troops and the big wars That make ambition virtue! O, farewell, Farewell the neighing steed and the shrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, the ear-piercing fife, The royal banner, and all quality, Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war! And, O you mortal engines, whose rude throats The immortal Jove's dread clamours counterfeit, Farewell! Othello's occupation's gone!


IAGO. Is't possible, my lord?


OTHELLO. Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore; Be sure of it. Give me the ocular proof, Or, by the worth of man's eternal soul, Thou hadst been better have been born a dog Than answer my wak'd wrath.


IAGO. Is't come to this?