text: Continued from above... Anyone who has taken a class in stream ecology learns that evolution has selected for aquatic organisms that recover quickly from disturbance, as streams are subjected to periodic catastrophic events. Floods, debris flows, extreme  drought, and disturbance associated with wildfire are regular players shaping invertebrate communities. Invertebrates recolonize by drift and reproduction by aerial adults. Fish, returned to streams within days after treatment has ceased, thrive and show tremendous growth because many invertebrates do remain and reproduce. Reduced competition from reduced numbers of fish means the returned fish show impressive growth and healthy reproduction. These projects have been ongoing for decades to restore native cutthroat, Gila, and Apache trout in the West, and brook trout in the East, to name just a few examples of the use of rotenone in native species conservation, and instead of devastation, we have protected populations of native fishes.