text: Subversion of verified news is Step One to dictatorship. One (initial) step for democracies (and real journalism) is to require LABELLING of the lie-peddlers and to force them, by law, to declare themselves. This involves making a content platform assess the veracity of what it "publishes" and to declare, in bold type, on each "page," that the reader is reading unverified and possibly malicious mis-information. Anything potentially violence-promoting, seditious, or libellous can easily be blocked. Vigorous prosecution must be made more available, but large media firms are legally liable for their content.  On the more "traditional" sites, the click-bait industry MUST be controlled. Incidentally, the authors are polite, to have avoided mentioning that Fox-Breitbart (and in Canada, the defunct SunNews) are/were unfiltered transmitters of fake news, given State sanction (through presence on an accredited medium), and occasionally dressed up as "opinion."