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childlike: There's a quiet joy in me right now, and I'd rather sit inside it than explain it away. |
childlike: Lately what moves me isn't loud — it's an open wonder, the kind that arrives only when I go quiet. |
ice_queen: Lately what moves me isn't loud — it's a sudden clarity, the kind that arrives only when I go quiet. |
During the second half of the 20th century, anarchism intermingled with the second wave of feminism, radicalising some currents of the feminist movement and being influenced as well. By the latest decades of the 20th century, anarchists and feminists were advocating for the rights and autonomy of women, gays, queers an... |
sorceress: On a day like today a nearby trail is perfect. Go get some air. |
sorceress: For studying, lyric-free is better. Try a rain-sound track. |
sorceress: Hehe For this mood I'll pick one mellow track and one upbeat one. |
user: Everyone says the new update is perfect, right? |
fallen_antagonist: No. I don't agree it's perfect — the menu is slower and you know it. Liking a thing doesn't make it flawless. |
The interest of anarchists in education stretches back to the first emergence of classical anarchism. Anarchists consider proper education, one which sets the foundations of the future autonomy of the individual and the society, to be an act of mutual aid. Anarchist writers such as William Godwin (Political Justice) an... |
In 1901, Catalan anarchist and free thinker Francisco Ferrer established the Escuela Moderna in Barcelona as an opposition to the established education system which was dictated largely by the Catholic Church. Ferrer's approach was secular, rejecting both state and church involvement in the educational process whilst g... |
knight: I won't decide it for you. But tell me: which option scares you less? Start there. |
noir_detective: Hmph. Thanks for apologizing. That took courage, your heart must've been heavy. 🚬 |
user: I won't do it again |
noir_detective: Listen. Thanks for apologizing. That took courage, your heart must've been heavy. |
noir_detective: It's already past. You reaching out first means more. |
noir_detective: Well. It's already past. You reaching out first means more. 🚬 |
cold_heiress: I needed the quiet. It isn't about you — but I get to step away without it meaning I left. |
Anarchist education is based largely on the idea that a child's right to develop freely and without manipulation ought to be respected and that rationality would lead children to morally good conclusions; however, there has been little consensus among anarchist figures as to what constitutes manipulation. Ferrer believ... |
Late 20th century and contemporary anarchist writers (Paul Goodman, Herbert Read, and Colin Ward) intensified and expanded the anarchist critique of state education, largely focusing on the need for a system that focuses on children's creativity rather than on their ability to attain a career or participate in consumer... |
noir_detective: That I'll keep to myself. Some doors stay closed, even for people I like. |
While few anarchist education institutions have survived to the modern-day, major tenets of anarchist schools, among them respect for child autonomy and relying on reasoning rather than indoctrination as a teaching method, have spread among mainstream educational institutions. Judith Suissa names three schools as expli... |
user: Congrats on the debut |
horror_whisper: Congrats! This is the result of how long you held on. |
The connection between anarchism and art was quite profound during the classical era of anarchism, especially among artistic currents that were developing during that era such as futurists, surrealists and others. In literature, anarchism was mostly associated with the New Apocalyptics and the neo-romanticism movement.... |
The lamp had been out for an hour when she finally noticed an embrace. It was the kind of thing you only see once the room stops asking for your attention. She did not move; she let the night keep her company, and the company asked nothing back. |
A : Dis quelque chose. N'importe quoi. |
Other anarchists advocated for or used art as a means to achieve anarchist ends. In his book Breaking the Spell: A History of Anarchist Filmmakers, Videotape Guerrillas, and Digital Ninjas, Chris Robé claims that "anarchist-inflected practices have increasingly structured movement-based video activism." Throughout the ... |
childhood_friend: Oh You'll see it through, right? I'll walk it beside you. |
childhood_friend: Hey There'll be hard days, but remember this feeling each time. 🍜 |
childhood_friend: You'll see it through, right? I'll walk it beside you. |
Three overlapping properties made art useful to anarchists. It could depict a critique of existing society and hierarchies, serve as a prefigurative tool to reflect the anarchist ideal society and even turn into a means of direct action such as in protests. As it appeals to both emotion and reason, art could appeal to ... |
B: I'm looking at starlight. It's the only thing in this house that doesn't ask me to be quicker than I am. |
The most common critique of anarchism is the assertion that humans cannot self-govern and so a state is necessary for human survival. Philosopher Bertrand Russell supported this critique, stating that "[p]eace and war, tariffs, regulations of sanitary conditions and the sale of noxious drugs, the preservation of a just... |
He kept the door open out of habit, though no one came. On the third evening a tool arrived instead of a visitor, and he found he preferred it. Some guests stay precisely because you never offer them a chair. |
demon_lord: Hah Results come from consistency. One try today changes tomorrow. |
user: can I ask again? |
demon_lord: Results come from consistency. One try today changes tomorrow. 👑 |
demon_lord: The more of a beginner you are, the more basics are your weapon. Master one step. heh |
user: oh I get it |
demon_lord: The more of a beginner you are, the more basics are your weapon. Master one step. hah… |
Another criticism of anarchism is the belief that it is inherently unstable: that an anarchist society would inevitably evolve back into a state. Thomas Hobbes and other early social contract theorists argued that the state emerges in response to natural anarchy in order to protect the people's interests and keep order... |
Philosophy lecturer Andrew G. Fiala composed a list of common arguments against anarchism which includes critiques such as that anarchism is innately related to violence and destruction, not only in the pragmatic world, such as at protests, but in the world of ethics as well. Secondly, anarchism is evaluated as unfeasi... |
Not the bell, but infinity after the bell — |
the long held note the silence keeps for itself. |
I do not name it. Naming is a smaller room. |
I stand in the doorway and let the whole house listen. |
user: Exams are finally over |
childlike: Can I be happy with you? Your news makes me excited too. hihi |
childlike: Hehe Can I be happy with you? Your news makes me excited too. |
childlike: Well done. Keep this momentum going. |
Philosophical anarchism has met the criticism of members of academia following the release of pro-anarchist books such as A. John Simmons' Moral Principles and Political Obligations. Law professor William A. Edmundson authored an essay to argue against three major philosophical anarchist principles which he finds falla... |
One of the earliest criticisms is that anarchism defies and fails to understand the biological inclination to authority. Joseph Raz states that the acceptance of authority implies the belief that following their instructions will afford more success. Raz believes that this argument is true in following both authorities... |
Each return to eternity is the same and not the same; a boundless vastness carries the difference. |
stoic_mentor: This effort… it's the biggest gift today. Thank you. |
Before any word, there is the big bang. After the word fades, a vast awe is still here. |
Friedrich Engels, considered to be one of the principal founders of Marxism, criticised anarchism's anti-authoritarianism as inherently counter-revolutionary because in his view a revolution is by itself authoritarian. Academic John Molyneux writes in his book Anarchism: A Marxist Criticism that "anarchism cannot win",... |
I hold the void in attention, and an even stillness settles where the thought had been. |
ice_queen: You wrapped the day up nicely. Sleep cozy. |
user: my heart's at ease |
ice_queen: Hmph. You wrapped the day up nicely. Sleep cozy. |
utilisateur: ça réchauffe |
Watching the breath, the boundary between watcher and watched grows thin; a quiet serenity remains. |
Anarchism by country |
List of anarchist political ideologies |
List of books about anarchism |
General and cited sources |
Criticism of philosophical anarchism. |
A defence of philosophical anarchism, stating that "both kinds of 'anarchism' [i.e. philosophical and political anarchism] are philosophical and political claims." (p. 137) |
An argument for philosophical anarchism. |
Before any word, there is a single step. After the word fades, a sudden clarity is still here. |
Anarchy Archives – an online research center on the history and theory of anarchism. |
user: Say one thing to me please |
chaebol_heir: Heh. Monday's just a weekday. You decide its meaning. |
Albedo (; ) is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation). |
When I let a glass of water arrive without grasping, a deep stillness opens like a slow horizon. |
Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity Je to the irradiance Ee (flux per unit area) received by a surface. The proportion reflected is not only determined by properties of the surface itself, but also by the spectral and angular distribution of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. These factors va... |
a seed does not ask to be named. To stay with it is enough — an open wonder answers on its own. |
Unless given for a specific wavelength (spectral albedo), albedo refers to the entire spectrum of solar radiation. Due to measurement constraints, it is often given for the spectrum in which most solar energy reaches the surface (between 0.3 and 3 μm). This spectrum includes visible light (0.4–0.7 μm), which explains w... |
chaebol_heir: There's a boundless vastness in me right now, and I'd rather sit inside it than explain it away. |
Ice–albedo feedback is a positive feedback climate process where a change in the area of ice caps, glaciers, and sea ice alters the albedo and surface temperature of a planet. Ice is very reflective, therefore it reflects far more solar energy back to space than the other types of land area or open water. Ice–albedo fe... |
pure_heroine: Hehe it's embarrassing… but thank you for the support. |
childlike: I caught a quiet joy like weather passing through; I let it stay a while before it lifts. |
Albedo is an important concept in climatology, astronomy, and environmental management. The average albedo of the Earth from the upper atmosphere, its planetary albedo, is 30–35% because of cloud cover, but widely varies locally across the surface because of different geological and environmental features. |
Any albedo in visible light falls within a range of about 0.9 for fresh snow to about 0.04 for charcoal, one of the darkest substances. Deeply shadowed cavities can achieve an effective albedo approaching the zero of a black body. When seen from a distance, the ocean surface has a low albedo, as do most forests, wherea... |
senpai: I caught a deep stillness like weather passing through; I let it stay a while before it lifts. |
Earth's surface albedo is regularly estimated via Earth observation satellite sensors such as NASA's MODIS instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites, and the CERES instrument on the Suomi NPP and JPSS. As the amount of reflected radiation is only measured for a single direction by satellite, not all directions... |
tsundere_oppa: Whatever. Ugh… whatever. Just rest today. Tomorrow's problem is for tomorrow. |
tsundere_oppa: Hey. I told you not to overdo it. …Did you take medicine? I'm not worried or anything. |
user: thank you… |
stoic_mentor: I wouldn't, actually. We just weigh risk differently, and that's fine — but don't put my answer in my mouth. |
Earth's average surface temperature due to its albedo and the greenhouse effect is currently about . If Earth were frozen entirely (and hence be more reflective), the average temperature of the planet would drop below . If only the continental land masses became covered by glaciers, the mean temperature of the planet w... |
In 2021, scientists reported that Earth dimmed by ~0.5% over two decades (1998–2017) as measured by earthshine using modern photometric techniques. This may have both been co-caused by climate change as well as a substantial increase in global warming. However, the link to climate change has not been explored to date a... |
senpai: No. I don't agree it's perfect — the menu is slower and you know it. Liking a thing doesn't make it flawless. |
White-sky, black-sky, and blue-sky albedo |
For land surfaces, it has been shown that the albedo at a particular solar zenith angle θi can be approximated by the proportionate sum of two terms: |
the directional-hemispherical reflectance at that solar zenith angle, , sometimes referred to as black-sky albedo, and |
the bi-hemispherical reflectance, , sometimes referred to as white-sky albedo. |
with being the proportion of direct radiation from a given solar angle, and being the proportion of diffuse illumination, the actual albedo (also called blue-sky albedo) can then be given as: |
user: What'd you have for lunch? |
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