| ,MICROBE,DISEASE,EVIDENCE,RELATION,QUESTIONS |
| 0,Bifidobacterium longum,ulcerative colitis (UC),The symbiotic therapy involving Bifidobacterium longum and Synergy 1 has been shown to have benefits to both Crohn?s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and ulcerative colitis (UC)? |
| 1,Parabacteroides,obese,,negative,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and obese? |
| 2,L. rhamnosus,psychiatric disorders,,negative,What is the relationship between L. rhamnosus and psychiatric disorders? |
| 3,Clostridium septicum (C. septicum),colorectal cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium septicum (C. septicum) and colorectal cancer? |
| 4,Sutterella,autism,,positive,What is the relationship between Sutterella and autism? |
| 5,Eubacterium ventriosum,obesity,,relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium ventriosum and obesity? |
| 6,Proteus mirabilis,IPF,,positive,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and IPF? |
| 7,Streptococcus,urinary tract infection (UTI),,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and urinary tract infection (UTI)? |
| 8,Lactobacillus acidophilus,colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and colitis? |
| 9,Clostridium,ASD,Conclusions The results of the present systematic review demonstrate an association between Clostridium bacteria colonization of the intestinal tract and ASD.,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? |
| 10,Bacteroides ovatus,chronic pancreatitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides ovatus and chronic pancreatitis? |
| 11,Staphylococcus aureus,CF,,positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and CF? |
| 12,Dysgonomonas wimpennyi,periodontitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Dysgonomonas wimpennyi and periodontitis? |
| 13,Tannerella forsythia (Tf),periodontal diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and periodontal diseases? |
| 14,Prevotella,cholangitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella and cholangitis? |
| 15,Human papilloma virus (HPV),cervical cancers,,positive,What is the relationship between Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancers? |
| 16,Streptococcus agalactiae,sepsis,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus agalactiae and sepsis? |
| 17,AIEC,chronic inflammation,,positive,What is the relationship between AIEC and chronic inflammation? |
| 18,Escherichia,esophageal abnormalities,,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and esophageal abnormalities? |
| 19,Akkermansia muciniphila,BC,,relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and BC? |
| 20,Helicobacter pylori,tumor,,positive,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and tumor? |
| 21,Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg),periodontal diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and periodontal diseases? |
| 22,Streptococcus,colon cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and colon cancer? |
| 23,Fusobacterium,gastric cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gastric cancer? |
| 24,Streptococcus,tumours,,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and tumours? |
| 25,Ralstonia,asthma,,positive,What is the relationship between Ralstonia and asthma? |
| 26,Lactobacillus johnsonii,CRC,Administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii modulated immune responses and decreased the risk of pathogen colonization in CRC patients.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus johnsonii and CRC? |
| 27,Enterococcus,lung cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and lung cancer? |
| 28,HP,gastric carcinogenesis,,positive,What is the relationship between HP and gastric carcinogenesis? |
| 29,HP,IBD,Microbes from the genera Roseburia and Enterobacter were related to Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastritis and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in IBD.,relate,What is the relationship between HP and IBD? |
| 30,Fusobacterium,colorectal cancer (CRC),,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer (CRC)? |
| 31,Escherichia,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and CRC? |
| 32,Lactobacillus helveticus,cancer,,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and cancer? |
| 33,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,,negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? |
| 34,Enterobacter cloacae,obesity,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterobacter cloacae and obesity? |
| 35,Hp,MALT,,relate,What is the relationship between Hp and MALT? |
| 36,Ruminococcus,irritable bowel syndrome,,positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and irritable bowel syndrome? |
| 37,Streptococcus,gastric cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and gastric cancer? |
| 38,Porphyromonas,periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas and periodontitis? |
| 39,Fusobacterium nucleatum,oral cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral cancer? |
| 40,Streptococcus,colorectal cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and colorectal cancer? |
| 41,Bifidobacterium,Parkinson's Disease ,"A 2-year follow-up study by the same group recently revealed that lower counts of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis in year 0 were associated with worsening on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale over the next 2 years, suggesting that changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with the progression of PD (Minato et al., 2017). |
| Among the periodontal bacteria, Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis are commonly involved in cardiovascular disease [37]. |
| Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing [112]. |
| It was noted that the levels of these pathways in Bacteroides, Lachnospiracheae, Clostridium and Enterococcus were significantly increased in the CF patients compared to the controls, which could contribute to the altered starch catabolic pathways. |
| No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31]. |
| Based on the sequencing data, Roseburia spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella which are typical butyrate producing bacteria were decreased in ESRD patients, so we chose it. |
| (2015) used MegaBlast to remap the unmapped reads of whole genome sequences of 27 gastric mucosal biopsies to microbial reference genomes, and they verified a close association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric tumors. |
| In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD. |
| Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and mastitis in bovine (Edwards and Baker, 2005; Tazi et al., 2011; Edmond et al., 2012; Lamagni et al., 2013). |
| In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD. |
| Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3). |
| For example, FMT is highly effective for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection [127], to the point that it has been approved by the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) [128]. |
| Overall, these date suggest that invaded Pg in arthritic joints may induce synovial inflammation and promote chronic arthritis. |
| While the link between viruses and cancer has been extensively researched, it is notable that Helicobacter pylori has remained the best-studied and, for nearly two decades, the sole bacterial pathogen systematically linked with any type of cancer in clinical practice. |
| The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC. |
| In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens?Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16]. |
| The gut microbiome is a key factor in the pathogenesis of IBD and a dysbiosis, mainly characterized by downregulation of butyrate-producing species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, belonging to the Ruminococcaceae family, has consistently been reported in patients with IBD and especially in patients with CD (11?13). |
| Microbiota and their many metabolic products may largely account for the rest.80 For example, DNA of oral microbiota Veillonella and Streptococcus was found in plaques of individuals with atherosclerosis and their abundance correlated with the abundance of these species in the oral cavity.53 As for gut microbiota, Karlsson et?al. |
| In the context of pancreatic disease, a multi-hospital prospective clinical study showed that the intestinal population of Enterococcus is higher and more positively correlated with the serum levels of IL-6 in severe AP than in mild AP (66), suggesting that the increase in Enterococcus contributes to the severity of this disease. |
| Intestinal dysbiosis has already been described in patients with liver cirrhosis, with an increase in Veillonella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium, among others. |
| In animal models, administration of B. fragilis, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum or Roseburia hominis exerted effects to increase butyrate production, inhibit bacterial infection and reduce inflammation (848586). |
| Specifically, a lower ratio of Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes and a higher abundance of Clostridium and Desulfovibrio were positively associated with severity of ASD symptoms (Tomova et al., 2015). |
| They reported that higher levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, a gram-negative anaerobe, were associated with good outcomes in patients with lung or kidney cancer. |
| The S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 inhibits adherence and filamentation of C. albicans, and in a murine model of infection candidiasis protected mice from severe candidiasis [82]. |
| These findings suggest that combined Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici supplementation of diets improved growth performance, alleviated inflammation and regulated gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria, inhibiting pathogens, and promoting the production of SCFAs in weaned pigs. |
| [8,9] Recent studies have indicated that dysbiosis in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and dysregulation of gut epithelial inflammation might affect the chronic progression of AD by resulting in impairment of the gut epithelial barrier. |
| |
| Several specific microbes, including Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in development of CRC through modulation of the tumor immune environment and promotion of DNA damage [6]. |
| The abundance of several microbes, such as Streptococcus gallolyticus, Fusobacterium, B. fragilis, Escherichia Shigella, Peptostreptococcus ten were observed to be enriched in CRC patients versus control groups, while genera such as Bacteroides, Roseburia [164] and Pseudomonas [167] were significantly depleted in CRC patients. |
| One such example is Clostridium perfringens, which is a member of the gut microbiota as well as an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with gastrointestinal infections [11, 12]. |
| Recently, Kostic et al.reported the association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. |
| In similar studies, engineered bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus plantarum, and Streptococcus gordonii, have been used to deliver various molecules to treat colitis in animal models of IBD. |
| For example, in the context of paediatric respiratory infection, Haemophilus influenzae is considered an important pathogen, whereas Haemophilus haemolyticus is considered commensal. |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus), Neisseria meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli (particularly the K1 serotype) are currently the most common bacterial pathogens causing acute meningitis in the United States. |
| For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table). |
| Another prospective cohort study analyzed 361 patients with incident pancreatic cancer and 371 matched controls and revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (odds ratio: 2.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 4.18). |
| Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3). |
| Given that the observed prevalence of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were higher in feces of ID pigs, the increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella is even more surprising. |
| |
| Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type. |
| In similar studies, engineered bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus plantarum, and Streptococcus gordonii, have been used to deliver various molecules to treat colitis in animal models of IBD. |
| Patients with severe periodontal disease had saliva with significantly higher levels of Prevotella melaninogenica, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Fusobacterium, and plaque with significantly higher levels of Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Prevotella compared to those with no or mild periodontitis (Fig?2A and B and Table?S5). |
| Prevotella falsenii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides eggerthii enhance and Alistipes finegoldii attenuates colitis in mice |
| To this regard, it has been reported that an increased amount of Veillonella is associated with higher levels of gut inflammation and the development of colitis and Crohn?s disease; on the contrary, an increased the abundance of the Prevotella genus has been described as a shield against inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon. |
| Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden. |
| However, there are also exceptions: for instance, some species of Enterococcus or Streptococcus can cause opportunistic infections in humans, whereby the intrinsic resistance of LAB to many antibiotics is an additional risk factor50,51. |
| It is noteworthy that a recent study has shown that metabolites of Propionibacterium freudenreichii can kill colorectal cancer cells, implicating its use as a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of early colorectal cancer (Casanova et al., 2018). |
| In 80% to 85% of cases, diarrhea is due to pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (E. coli), enteropathogenic, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica]. |
| In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer. |
| [5] investigated microbial in OLP patients with non-erosive/asymptomatic lesions and found that bacterial counts for Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus crispatus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Neisseria mucosa, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, and S. agalactiae at the sites of OLP lesions are significantly higher when compared to the same sites in control subjects. |
| Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide (Silva et al., 2011; Kaakoush et al., 2015). |
| By using animal models of experimental colitis (20) and arthritis (21), it was shown that Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia, reduced inflammation, possibly through the TLR2/IL-10 axis which results in the repression of the pro-inflammatory pathway (20), whereas Gram-positive bacteria such as Lactobacillus contributed to the development of a more severe disease (21). |
| Similarly, Clostridium XIVa has also been shown to be lower in ulcerative colitis patients compared with normal controls?(26). |
| However, another important aspect to consider is that some specific enterohepatic Helicobacter species (i.e., Helicobacter pullorum) can be detected in the gut of healthy chickens as well as in the liver and the intestine of hens with vibrionic-like liver lesions and human patients with gastroenteritis [37]. |
| Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers. |
| [82] studied 150 patients with NAFLD (of those 102 with NASH) and 60 healthy controls, and found that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (the major cause of periodontitis) tripled the risk for NAFLD and quadrupled the risk for NASH, independent of ge and metabolic syndrome. |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be the most important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF), with up to 60% of adult patients infected (UK CF Registry Annual Data Report 2014), and is also frequently isolated from patients with bronchiectasis. |
| The association between the salivary microbiota and pancreatic cancer has been analyzed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray,45 and two out of six bacterial candidates (Neisseria elongate and Streptococcus mitis) had significantly lower levels in pancreatic cancer patients than in the control group (P<0.05). |
| Relatively little is known as to how these less-studied organisms influence human health, although several studies have suggested that methanogenic species of archaea, such as Methanosphaera stadtmanae, might be involved in the development of systemic diseases such as obesity (7?10), cancer (11?13), lung hyperresponsiveness (14), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (15). |
| No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31]. |
| [33] in their study where aerobic bacterial species Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus and anaerobic bacterial species such as Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces and Clostridium were detected more frequently in oral cancers than in normal oral mucosa. |
| Joossens et al.showed a decrease in F. prausnitzii, Dialister invisus, an uncharacterized species of Clostridium group XIVa, in Bifidobacterium adolescents, in CD patients compared to healthy controls [28]. |
| Of note, antibiotic-associated colitis could be caused also by other pathogens, like Klebsiella oxytoca, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). |
| For example, Zeller and Feng et al.showed that Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium vincentii, and Fusobacterium animalis were predictive in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which are among the tops of our list; in particular, F. nucleatum is a common CRC-related species which promotes tumor development [18,20,35]. |
| The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer [78] are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) [79], Hp [80], Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) [81], Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [82], Clostridium septicum (C. septicum) [83], Fusobacterium spp. |
| In HIV-infected patients, inflammatory markers were concurrent with an altered fecal microbiome composition featuring increased abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and decreased abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria (Gori et al., 2008). |
| It is known that Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcer, while Firmicutes are involved in obesity (Yu et al., 2014). |
| In 80% to 85% of cases, diarrhea is due to pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (E. coli), enteropathogenic, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica]. |
| For instance, the six dominant genera in the upper airway microbiota in children have been shown to be Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Alloiococcus [3], members of which are commonly implicated in respiratory tract infections. |
| Several species of Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas were extensively enriched in cancer samples, including Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra, both of which are reportedly related to colorectal cancer. |
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea annually, particularly in developing countries |
| Specifically, patients with CHB and cirrhosis exhibit dramatically decreased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels, while Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae levels are significantly increased compared to healthy people. |
| The unnamed cultivable taxon, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, and named cultivable bacterial species, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, Johnsonella ignava, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis I, Streptococcus salivarius were highly associated to tumor site. |
| |
| Among periodontopathogenic bacteria, (Porphyromonas gingivalis), a gram-negative anaerobe and one of the most important pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has the ability for co-aggregation not only with (Fusobacterium nucleatum), but also with early colonizers (such as Streptococcus gordonii) [48], which could help explain its early appearance in the development of dental plaque biofilms [49,50]. |
| Furthermore, patients suffering from chronic respiratory morbidities including chronic obstructive lung disease, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis are prone to chronic Psae infection, further exacerbating the underlying disease (3). |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, causes several serious and often life-threatening infections including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia. |
| Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden. |
| Accordingly, in investigations that analyzed this genus on the species level, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides 20?3 and Bacteroides vulgatus were decreased in T2D patients and Bacteroides stercoris were enriched after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in T2D patients with diabetes remission [5,11,17,24]. |
| In addition, Enterococcus often develop antibiotic resistance due to abuse of antibiotics and may cause fatal nosocomial infections in humans (40,56,57). |
| In colorectal cancer patients, treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Enterococcus faecalis decreased the abundance of pathogenic Fusobacterium, the prevalence of which is associated with both IBD and colorectal cancer. |
| Another study reported that Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 significantly impeded cancer growth on three different cell lines Caco-2, SW 480 and HT-29. |
| At the genus level, GDM patients had a significantly higher abundance of Parabacteroides, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium, while healthy controls were significantly enriched for Ruminiclostridium, Roseburia, Eggerthella, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Mitsukella, and Aggregatibacter (Fig?1b). |
| Oral infection by Pg worsens paw swelling, bone loss and synovitis, and increases proinflammatory cytokine expression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis mouse model. |
| |
| In particular, a reduction in Methanobrevibacter smithii has been implicated in obesity [56]. |
| Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65]. |
| In addition, Ruminococcus, a genus of class Clostridia which pointing to an energy metabolism dysfunction, was identified as one of characteristic genus of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). |
| The results of our study confirmed this association, and showed that this Gram-negative rod was isolated from 68% of patients with chronic periodontitis, but its participation in the microbiota was very reduced, always smaller than others pathogens like Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum (unpublished data). |
| The primary pathogens associated with dental caries are Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), the Mutans Streptococci (MS). |
| In Alzheimer?s disease, inhibitors of the gingipains proteases secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis were able to reduce infection by this species in the brain as well as amyloid-? production and neuroinflammation. |
| Researchers have also found that specific bacterial taxa, such as Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp., are linked to oral cancer and epithelial precursor lesions25. |
| [13] have found that the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus significantly decreases, while the levels of harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus significantly increase in CHB and LC. |
| To this regard, it has been reported that an increased amount of Veillonella is associated with higher levels of gut inflammation and the development of colitis and Crohn?s disease; on the contrary, an increased the abundance of the Prevotella genus has been described as a shield against inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon. |
| In a study by Sokol et al., [44], the biodiversity of the active microbiota was shown to be lower for UC patients than for healthy controls and Escherichia coli (or related Enterobacteriaceae) were significantly associated with UC. |
| Introduction Staphylococcus aureus colonizes human mucosa and skin and is a major human pathogen that causes a strikingly broad range of infections, ranging from relatively minor skin abscesses to potentially life-threatening pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, septicemia, and toxic shock syndrome [1]. |
| Indeed, Streptococcus spp. were highly abundant in the gut microbiotas of some of the KD patients; for example, 77% of the bacterial reads of one KD patient (the acute phase in P7) were from Streptococcus. |
| Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of opportunistic pathogens, with at least 20 distinct genomovars/species [1], believed to be associated with poor prognosis and patient-to-patient transmissibility in cystic fibrosis (CF). |
| For example, the Porphyromonas gingivalis genome, which represents organisms implicated in periodontal disease and has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis [36] and heart disease [37], recruits a relatively large fraction of reads from all individuals (1.68%). |
| Among them, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) has gained more attention, and emerging evidence has identified its health-beneficial properties in the treatment of intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and inflammation. |
| This finding is concurrent with the findings in non-pregnant individuals as strains of Eisenbergiella and Lactobacillus reuteri have previously been associated with obesity [56, 57]. |
| Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF. |
| Lastly, one Prevotella ASV (Prevotella 13, whose sequence was identical to a V4 sequence of Prevotella salivae) was more prevalent in the nasopharynx of CRS patients than in that of the healthy controls (11% of control samples and 25% of CRS patient samples). |
| With regard to UC, it was shown that the use of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain for patients with UC was effective in maintaining remission as mesalazine therapy alone. |
| A previous study showed that the genus Veillonella was significantly higher in the salivary microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients than in that of HCs, while the genus Streptococcus was significantly lower in the salivary microbiota of IBD patients than in that of HCs [12]. |
| In addition, the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pseudomanas counts were significantly decreased and that for Enterobacteriacceae was significantly increased in patients with ulcerative colitis. |
| A number of studies have revealed a link between Fusobacterium and CRC [37,38], observation supported by the 16S DNA sequenced analysis of colorectal microbe, which showed high proportion of Fusobacterium genus: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium necrophorum in tumor tissue, changes accompanied by a significant reduction of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [39]. |
| Likewise, species associated with periodontitis showed increased evidence for transmission (p=0.002), though this signal was mostly due to mildly periodontic species, while core drivers, such as Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Socransky et al., 1998), showed little or no indication of oral-fecal transmission. |
| Though its major end-products include acetate and butyrate, generally regarded as beneficial metabolites, the clinical investigation of Anaerotruncus colihominis demonstrated its critical role in bacteremia. |
| The strongest known risk factor for this devastating disease is infection with Helicobacter pylori, which drives the development of premalignant lesions (such as gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) that can lead to gastric cancer (Fig 1). |
| Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| Recently, another microorganism, Escherichia coli, has been under investigation and associated with ileal CD [35], but there is no evidence that antibiotic treatment against coliforms is efficacious in curing IBD patients. |
| Vitamin-K-producing gut bacteria namely Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium lentum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecium (Fernandez and Collins, 1987; Cooke et al., 2006) anaerobically synthesize vitamin K2 (menaquinone) which is essential in decreasing vascular calcification, elevating HDL and lowering cholesterol levels, contributing to lower risk of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (Kawashima et al., 1997; Geleijnse et al., 2004). |
| In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics [34]. |
| In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer. |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli generate an inflammatory environment and promote tumorigenesis, such as in colorectal cancer, due to the development of the inflammasome and activation of the NF-?B pathway [144]. |
| We next examined the cohort for detection of seven of the most common bacterial pulmonary pathogens detected in HIV-infected patients: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were detected in 49, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0 and 0 of the subjects, respectively. |
| An HFD markedly decreases AKK in mice, and lower levels of AKK have been shown to be correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans25. |
| Taking into account these results, we suggest that a combination of Biffidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Biffidobacterium breve, Biffidobacterium infantis, and Saccharomyces boulardii could be a good combination of probiotics to reduce incident rates of mucositis or ameliorate its symptoms in chemo or radiotherapy treated patients, and would be worth being tested in a clinical trial. |
| For example, a decrease in Roseburia inulinivorans may render postmenopausal women more prone to inflammation and therefore at higher risk of breast cancer if the decrease in Roseburia had occurred at the time breast cancer was initiated. |
| For example, the colonization of intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects mice from developing experimental inflammatory bowel disease via TLR2 (Round and Mazmanian, 2010). |
| Similarly, Streptococcus is consistently found in healthy airways but is enriched in COPD [35], idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [36], and pneumonia [37]. |
| One meta?analysis, published in 2017, identified downregulated colonisation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome where diarrhoea predominated. |
| Besides Fn, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis are candidate microorganisms closely associated with CRC carcinogenesis [9]. |
| In addition, Lactobacillus rhamnosus as probiotics demonstrates significant benefits by anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect in cardiomyocytes derived following myocardial infarction and attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. |
| Several studies demonstrated that the amount of tissue Fn DNA was positively associated with colorectal cancer-specific mortality, which suggested that the enrichment of Fn in CRC tissue might serve as a negative prognostic biomarker12. |
| The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species. |
| Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden. |
| Indeed, mass-DNA sequencing revealed that, besides the well-known lung pathogens, a core microbiota including four persistent anaerobes genera (Veillonella, Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Prevotella) exists and is common to pulmonary diseases (Cheung et al.2013). |
| In particular, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are enriched in ileal specimens from CD patients, in comparison to non-IBD patients; remarkably, however, AIEC were rarely found in samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (Boudeau et al., 1999; Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004; Martinez-Medina et al., 2009). |
| |
| The effect of the HMO intervention on eighteen selected genera ? Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Dialister, Escherichia/Shigella and Akkermansia ? associated with health or disease in obesity, irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease( 55 ? 57 ) was examined. |
| In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics. |
| Similarly, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucletum are identified to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue compared to the matched tissue, and Fusobacterium nucletum is proved to be associated with high microsatellite instability [24]. |
| however, other co-occurring bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) may also protect against diarrhea, indicating that more studies need to be done to explore the potential protective roles of other microbes in diarrheal diseases. |
| Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type. |
| In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens?Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16]. |
| In a mouse model of colitis, a Clostridium strain mediated protective effects via indolepropionate production and consecutive PXR activation [84]. |
| For example, Lactobacillus fermentum reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-?, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17A, while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, to relieve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. |
| Some genera are more particularly considered as beneficial for the host like Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (a butyrate-producing bacteria), and Akkermansia muciniphila, while others are considered as potentially harmful like Staphylococcus, some species of the Clostridium genus (C.?perfringens, C. difficile) and Pseudomonas, which have been associated with diarrhea, systemic infections, liver damage, cancer, and encephalopathy (162). |
| These results suggested that Odoribacter, Allobaculum and Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae played vital roles in restoring intestinal flora homeostasis of UC mice through electroacupuncture and moxibustion therapies. |
| Moreover, Liu HX studied the samples from lung tissues and bronchoscopy and they found that Streptococcus was more abundant in cancer cases whereas Staphylococcus was more abundant in the controls [39]. |
| In another study, a combination treatment using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Bifidobacterium in rats with alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage effectively protected against endotoxin/bacterial translocation, as well as liver damage in the course of acute pancreatitis and concomitant heavy alcohol consumption. |
| Of note, Bilophila, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas are mostly negatively correlated with GI cancer genes, while Haemophilus, Oscillospira, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Acidaminococcus are only positively correlated with GI cancer genes (q value <?0.1). |
| In contrast, Streptococcus anginosus, Peptoniphilus, and Mycoplasma were significantly decreased in HPV-positive cancers. |
| Furthermore, a recent animal experiment demonstrated that INS-GAS mice co-infected with Hp and Streptococcus salivarius developed more severe inflammation, hyperplasia, and dysplasia in the stomach when compared with Hp only at 5 months post-infection. |
| The function of these organisms in the gut is unclear, but previous studies have demonstrated that Akkermansia muciniphila is present in low abundance in obese people and is inversely correlated with body weight in rodents and humans [43,44]. |
| In addition, the positive influence of DLA-M on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, especially Blautia and Desulfovibrio, may partially contribute to the attenuation of intestinal and systemic inflammation and the prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders. |
| Similarly, Cekanaviciute et al.reported that Parabacteroides distasonis is at lower abundance in treatment naive RRMS patients from the US west coast than HC, suggesting that higher level of P. distasonis may protect against RRMS (8). |
| Various studies have suggested that commensal organisms, such as Enterococcus and Klebsiella species, drive the pathogenesis of experimental intestinal inflammation and human IBD. |
| Similarly, Streptococcus is consistently found in healthy airways but is enriched in COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [36], and pneumonia [37]. |
| MetaMed predicts that another two endogenous microbes, i.e., Bacillus coagulans and Escherichia coli, which exist in the human gut, can treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with a high score of 0.92 and 1.0, respectively. |
| In contrast to the induction of regulatory T-cells by probiotics, we recently proposed a distinctive mechanism of probiotic actions, based on findings that a probiotic strain, Clostridium butyricum, which preferentially produces butyrate, suppressed the development of acute experimental colitis in mice by inducing IL-10-producing mucosal macrophages in a toll-like receptor-2/MyD88-dependent manner [55]. |
| |
| Decreases in Akkermansia muciniphila (P?= .038), Coprococcus catus (P?= .007), Odoribacter splanchnicus (P?=?.050), Clostridium lactatifermentans (P?= .033), and Ruminococcus lactaris (P?= .037) were associated with the presence of abdominal migraine. |
| This microbiome dysbiosis theory hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and Anaerobes play key roles as crucial pathogens in CRS. |
| Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has been reported to be a cause for many illnesses ranging from mild diarrhoea to more severe diseases like haemolytic uraemic syndrome or haemorrhagic colitis (Tarr et?al., 2005). |
| We found one example of an obesity-inducing strain in a human gut opportunistic species, Enterobacter cloacae, which is known to cause bacteremia when translocated into the bloodstream of immune-compromised individuals [42]. |
| Importantly, EHEC and EPEC can cause severe intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. |
| For example, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia have traditionally been considered pathogenic bacteria contributing to periodontitis [5, 12, 13]. |
| In addition to the shared nine predominant genera in both groups, Megamonas, Blautia, Parabacteroides, Veillonella, Parasutterella and Fusobacterium were also abundant members of the fecal microbiota in patients with HIV. |
| From various IBD studies, etiologically implicated bacteria include Faecalibacterium prausnitzii exerting a positive impact, described as anti-inflammatory, while Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) have a negative impact as potential IBD infectious agents [5, 8?12]. |
| The causative pathogens and foci included the following: 3 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infections, 3 episodes of Enterococcus faecium cholangitis, 2 episodes of intra-abdominal infections caused by Escherichia coli, an intra-abdominal abscess caused by E. faecium, a ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by E. coli, a urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| Beyond the intestine, Enterococcus expansion is linked to hepatic inflammation in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis and E. faecalis enhances inflammation in mouse models of alcoholic cirrhosis with gastric acid suppression. |
| For example, the salivary microbiome profiles exhibited 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity in distinguishing patients with early-stage, resectable pancreatic cancer based on shifts in the microbial signature, with Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis emerging as specific biomarkers, whereas Granulicatella adiacens and S. mitis were associated with chronic pancreatitis. |
| The unnamed cultivable taxon, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, and named cultivable bacterial species, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, Johnsonella ignava, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis I, Streptococcus salivarius were highly associated to tumor site. |
| Moreover, 58 OTUs affiliated to the genera of Leptotrichia (16), Selenomonas (12), Streptococcus (7), Veillonella (6), Prevotella (6), Lautropia (2), Haemophilus (3) and the candidate division TM7 (6) were found to be associated with gingivitis. |
| The abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus were reduced in CRC patients. |
| Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei (5 ? 109 CFU ? 3 times per week) was shown to protect against RA progression in a rat model, whereby L. casei suppressed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and reduced paw swelling, lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of cartilage tissue [78]. |
| For instance, the depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was correlated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including colitis and Crohn?s disease [76]. |
| It has been speculated that certain species of bacteria, mainly Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) which may be present in the oral cavity, and are increased in patients affected by periodontitis, can induce loss of tolerance and lead to citrullination of several peptides and proteins (Wegner et al., 2010; Quirke et al., 2014; Ciccia et al., 2016). |
| Here, we found Prevotella and species related to Prevotella copri were higher in our non-secretor children and the children of non-secretor mothers, and these bacteria have also been reported to be present at higher levels in untreated Coeliac disease [46] and new onset rhematoid arthritis patients [47] but appear to be reduced in both Crohn?s disease and Type 1 Diabetes [48, 49]. |
| Prevotella copri and Prevotella stercorea were related to rheumatoid arthritis and carcinoma in adenoma, respectively (Scher et?al., 2013; Moreno, 2015; Kasai et?al., 2016). |
| This hypothesis is strengthened by the current finding that MSS but not MBS is highly proinflammatory in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; and that a strong IgG response to MSS, not MBS, is seen in IBD patients compared to controls. |
| In HCs, Clostridium XIVb and Clostridium IV showed indirect associations with IBS-SSS through connectivity of cortical regions (M1 and S1). |
| Intestinal dysbiosis has already been described in patients with liver cirrhosis, with an increase in Veillonella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium, among others. |
| |
| Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden. |
| Interestingly, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium could be inferred, on the basis of relationship patterns, to be harmful, in line with previous studies, which concluded that they may cause or underlie bacteraemia and intra-abdominal infections. |
| In colorectal cancer patients, treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Enterococcus faecalis decreased the abundance of pathogenic Fusobacterium, the prevalence of which is associated with both IBD and colorectal cancer. |
| Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus bulgaricus can reduce colitis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus can effectively maintain UC remission[16]. |
| Studies have demonstrated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an intestinal bacterium belonging to the Clostridium cluster, was reduced in abundance in Crohn?s disease,56 and Clostridium butyricum, as a probiotic, induces interleukin-10 production in macrophages in inflamed mucosa and prevents acute experimental colitis. |
| Bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are commonly used in animal models to trigger colitis-like conditions (Jiminez et al., 2015). |
| Other studies have identified Acidovorax, Bilophila, Cloacibacterium, Desulfovibrio, Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Mogibacterium, and Pseudomonas to be enriched in those with adenomas (25?27). |
| In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens?Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16]. |
| Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) has been reported to be a cause for many illnesses ranging from mild diarrhoea to more severe diseases like haemolytic uraemic syndrome or haemorrhagic colitis (Tarr et?al., 2005). |
| In humans, Fusobacterium spp., Fusobacterium varium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis have been implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (such as ulcerative colitis (UC) [29, 30], and Crohn?s disease (CD) [1, 34, 39]) and colorectal cancer [4, 19, 42]; diseases not commonly diagnosed in dogs. |
| Other diarrhea-causing pathogens (e.g., Vibrio cholerae and Campylobacter jejuni) have also been studied for their fecal volatilome, however not as heavily as C. difficile. |
| We noticed an increase in the ecotype 2 of four specific species (Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum vincentii, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) known to be involved in periodontitis and a decrease of two species (Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus sp.) |
| The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC. |
| In addition, Bifidobacterium animalis has been shown to protect against infections in infants [144] and E. coli Nissle, in addition to being an effective treatment for Crohn?s disease and inflammatory bowel disease [145], has been shown to reduce enteric counts of multidrug-resistant E. coli [146]. |
| Oral application of a diet supplemented with two Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus curvatus, L. plantarum) to obese mice reduced obesity and improved inflammatory markers in adipose tissue [106] while the administration of L. plantarum alone attenuated body weight gain and dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-fed mice [107]. |
| For instance, highly active amylolytic bacteria, such as Bacteroides vulgatus and Streptococcus bovis, and species whose populations have been shown to increase in response to diets rich in RS, such as Prevotella copri and Ruminococcus gnavus, are recognized to be associated with colorectal neoplasia (30), new onset rheumatoid arthritis (31), and pouchitis following colectomy in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (32). |
| Furthermore, when the taxa abudance between ASD and DD children were compared, two taxa were elevated in children with ASD, Brucella (FDR?=?0.05) and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF (FDR?=?0.05), while one taxa (Flavobacterium sp. |
| Clostridium XI are short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Clostridium difficile, Clostridium litorale, and Clostridium lituseburense, which have been reported to be increased in irritable bowel syndrome patients [29]. |
| The most common biofilm-forming bacteria include Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [98,99,100,101,102,103], S. aureus and S. epidermidis are most commonly found on cardiovascular devices [104,105,106], it estimated that 40%?50% of prosthetic heart valve infections, and 50%?70% of catheter biofilm infections are due to these bacteria [107,108]. |
| Specifically, a number of infectious agents have been suggested to promote atherosclerosis, e.g., Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis C virus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Cytomegalovirus and oral bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella intermedia involved in marginal periodontitis, have been associated with atherosclerotic disease, e.g., acute myocardial infarction [4, 5]. |
| Bacteroides, Escherichia, Acinetobacter, Fusobacterium and low fecal butyrate concentration have been proposed as potential biomarkers of colorectal cancer risk (Kostic et al., 2012; Ou et al., 2013; O?Keefe, 2016), while depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, impaired butyrate metabolism and an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae have been identified as potential biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease (Jansson et al., 2009; Huttenhower et al., 2014). |
| Using a monoassociated gnotobiotic model, our previous data support a crucial role for one endotoxin-producing strain, Enterobacter cloacae B29, in driving aggressive obesity (23). |
| Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]. |
| In similar studies, engineered bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus plantarum, and Streptococcus gordonii, have been used to deliver various molecules to treat colitis in animal models of IBD. |
| The periodontitis (PD)-associated bacteria are widely studied and Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola are the species most frequently associated with this chronic inflammatory oral disease [48, 49]. |
| Simultaneously, various opportunistic pathogens, able to induce inflammatory or metabolic disorders, including Campylobacter, Enterococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Fusobacterium are increased in CRC patients [49]. |
| [26] have investigated the intestinal flora in 30 children with recurrent pneumonia and have found that the number of Bifidobacteria decreases and the number of Escherichia coli increases in children with recurrent pneumonia compared with healthy children, thus stimulating the imbalance of intestinal flora in children with recurrent pneumonia. |
| We also found that the proportion of Enterococcus was significantly increased in the ADHD group, and Enterococcus has been reported to be closely related to neurotransmitter release. |
| |
| The overgrowth of Escherichia/Shigella could possible impair the intestinal permeability resulting in worsening disease severity and complications such as endotoxaemia (Quigley et al., 2013). |
| Indeed, mass-DNA sequencing revealed that, besides the well-known lung pathogens, a core microbiota including four persistent anaerobes genera (Veillonella, Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Prevotella) exists and is common to pulmonary diseases (Cheung et al.2013). |
| Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancers (Hausen, 1996) whereas Helicobacter pylori induce gastric cancers and Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (Cover and Blaser, 2009). |
| Most importantly probiotic intervention greatly modified the composition of intestinal microbiota (increased the load of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Peptococcaceae members and reduced the amount of Firmicutes, Clostridium, and Actinobacteria), which accelerates the weight loss in obese people [122] (Figure 4). |
| However, there are also exceptions: for instance, some species of Enterococcus or Streptococcus can cause opportunistic infections in humans, whereby the intrinsic resistance of LAB to many antibiotics is an additional risk factor50,51. |
| Many of the diarrheal case-associated bacterial taxa identified by Pop and colleagues [2] were bacteria known to be capable of causing diarrheal disease, and previously found in this cohort with conventional diagnostic tests [8], such as Escherichia/Shigella and Campylobacter jejuni. |
| Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella catarrhalis are frequently cultured from sputa of COPD patients during exacerbations. |
| Interestingly, Enterococcus has been related to several cancers, such as colon cancer, and lung cancer. |
| The unnamed cultivable taxon, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, and named cultivable bacterial species, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, Johnsonella ignava, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis I, Streptococcus salivarius were highly associated to tumor site. |
| Its major pro-oncogenic activities are due to the virulence factor Fusobacterium adhesin A (FadA), which is expressed on the bacterial surface, and whose corresponding gene fadA is strongly upregulated in colon tissue samples from patients with adenomas and adenocarcinomas as compared with healthy subjects. |
| Helicobacter, Escherichia/Shigella and Desulfovibrio are often associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both of which have deleterious effects on the immune system and enhance intestinal inflammation. |
| Furthermore, the Clostridium leptum group correlated with LAD stenosis (0.260, p-value = 0.035) and LAD calcification (0.351, p-value = 0.005). |
| Generally, while the overall abundance of the order Bacteroidales is increased in IBD, in certain circumstances particular species may be reduced; Parabacteroides distasonis is significantly decreased in inflamed IBD mucosa (Zitomersky et al., 2013). |
| After establishing a subgingival biofilm, oral pathobionts, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce periodontitis as a chronic disease, which is attributable to host-pathobiont interactions and deleterious host immune responses in periodontal tissues. |
| |
| The main causative pathogen of NE is a spore-forming, anaerobic, and gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens and NE is often associated with the predisposing factor of Eimeria maxima and/or E. acervulina infection. |
| (21) identified Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which is greatly reduced in Crohn?s disease patients, as an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium in the gut by showing that the supernatant of F. prausnitzii inhibits NF-?B activation in a human IEC line and suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines both in vitro and in a mouse colitis model. |
| Several bacterial populations, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to directly influence tumor development in the colon. |
| Coprococcus catus, Blautia hydrogenotrophic, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus obeum, and Eubacterium ventriosum were significantly correlated with obesity in Japanese people [60,61,62], whereas the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Flavonifractor plautii, Blautiawexlerae, and Clostridium bolteae was associated with lean people [63]. |
| For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table). |
| One meta?analysis, published in 2017, identified downregulated colonisation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome where diarrhoea predominated. |
| |
| There are papers showing some microbes associated with GI tumors (Table 1), and common examples of microbes involved in cancer include Helicobacter pylori, which is associated with gastric cancer, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, which are associated with bile duct cancer, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, which is associated with colon cancer[18,19]. |
| Specifically, reduction of Clostridium cluster IV and XIV members has been proposed to contribute to dysbiosis in patients with CD,30 31 and selected mixtures of corresponding clostridia strains were shown to induce T regulatory cells with disease-suppressive phenotypes in IBD-related mouse models.32 These results support a potential protective role of certain Clostridiales spp. |
| A recent human study has shown a reverse association between Methanobrevibacter smithii bacterial load and susceptibility to IBD, and this association could be extended to IBD patients in remission . |
| To this regard, it has been reported that an increased amount of Veillonella is associated with higher levels of gut inflammation and the development of colitis and Crohn?s disease; on the contrary, an increased the abundance of the Prevotella genus has been described as a shield against inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon. |
| It was also observed that oral cavity and respiratory tract microorganisms were more prevalent than intestinal microorganisms in the microbiota of the common bile duct of gallstone disease patients or that the genera Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Haemophilus are prevalent in the bile microbial communities of the bile duct of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, among other findings. |
| Del Chierico et al.compared NAFLD, NASH, and obese pediatric patients with healthy controls and found that NAFLD patients had an increased abundance of Anaerococcus (Actinobacteria), Ruminococcus (Firmicutes), Peptoniphilus (Firmicutes), Dorea (Firmicutes), Bradyrhizobium (Proteobacteria), and Propionibacterium acnes (Actinobacteria) but a reduced abundance of Rikenellaceae (Bacteroidetes) and Oscillospira (Firmicutes). |
| The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC. |
| In this study, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus were found at lower levels in diarrheic piglets, which are consistent with the previous studies (Costa et al., 2012; Hermann-Bank et al., 2015). |
| 34 Despite the complexity of the gut flora ecosystem, some commensal microorganisms have been significantly related to IBS, including increased Clostridium perfringens (or more diverse Clostridium spp. |
| Significantly reduced Clostridium bacteria in the gut microbiota is widely observed in high-fat diet treatment and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (Larsen et al., 2010; Naseer et al., 2014), and type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for AD pathogenesis (Ahtiluoto et al., 2010). |
| |
| [5] investigated microbial in OLP patients with non-erosive/asymptomatic lesions and found that bacterial counts for Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus crispatus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Neisseria mucosa, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, and S. agalactiae at the sites of OLP lesions are significantly higher when compared to the same sites in control subjects. |
| In addition, the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pseudomanas counts were significantly decreased and that for Enterobacteriacceae was significantly increased in patients with ulcerative colitis. |
| Increased abundances of Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella, Helicobacter, and Fusobacterium nucleatum and decreased probiotics like Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are detected in CRC patients by previous reporting [21, 22]. |
| Nasal microbiota compositions characterized by Moraxella, Streptococcus, or Haemophilus have been reported to be associated with upper respiratory infection (URI) [12] asthma [13], AOM [12], pneumonia, or bronchiolitis [14, 15]. |
| Best-known Moraxella infections are produced by Moraxella catarrhalis, which causes respiratory infections, including pneumonia and otitis in human. |
| Furthermore, the butyric acid-producing probiotic Clostridium butyricum improved neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, attenuated neurodegeneration, and ameliorated BBB impairment (105), as well as improved spatial memory in mouse models of weight-drop impact head injury and cerebral ischemia, respectively (83). |
| By using animal models of experimental colitis (20) and arthritis (21), it was shown that Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia, reduced inflammation, possibly through the TLR2/IL-10 axis which results in the repression of the pro-inflammatory pathway (20), whereas Gram-positive bacteria such as Lactobacillus contributed to the development of a more severe disease (21). |
| In periodontitis patients, four genera (Dysgonomonas, Paenibacillus, Mycoplasma, and Campylobacter) and five species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, P. canis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Leptotrichia buccalis) were higher, and only one species (P. melaninogenica) was lower in the C+P+ group compared to the C?P+ group (Figures 3 and 4). |
| For example, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia have traditionally been considered pathogenic bacteria contributing to periodontitis [5, 12, 13]. |
| The abundance of several microbes, such as Streptococcus gallolyticus, Fusobacterium, B. fragilis, Escherichia Shigella, Peptostreptococcus ten [167] were observed to be enriched in CRC patients versus control groups, while genera such as Bacteroides, Roseburia and Pseudomonas were significantly depleted in CRC patients. |
| Moreover, apart from H. Pylori, reduction of different other bacteria like Streptococcus sinensis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Prevotella pallens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Lactobacillus colihominis, and Lachnospiraceae are also responsible for gastric cancer in the human [91][92][93]. |
| Again, in the setting of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, the probiotics Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum separately administered to cancer-induced mice significantly decreased tumor incidence and size, compared to injured mice not receiving probiotics. |
| We also found an enrichment of the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla, where enterobacteria, enterococcus, Akkermancia, Alteromonas, and others play important roles in the pathophysiology of polygenic IBS patients, associated with SNPs in TLRs, IL18, IL23, and IL17, which can acts as a pro or anti-inflammatory effect depending on environment. |
| Finally, although no strong evidence has yet been found to indict a specific microbe in colonic carcinogenesis, a recent study found that Fusobacterium nucleatum was enriched in human colon cancer tissue, and suggested that the microbe might promote colorectal neoplasia progression through recruitment of proinflammatory tumor-infiltrating immune cells. |
| Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]. |
| Several of the observed differences between the IBD patients and HD were consistent with previous reports, such as the decreased abundance of F. prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale in the microbiota of UC patients, and the increased abundance of Escherichia species, including Escherichia coli, in the CD microbiota. |
| |
| Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis have been found to colonize in significant numbers in AV patients. |
| Clostridium difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic?associated diarrhea, leading to high morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. |
| The results of our study confirmed this association, and showed that this Gram-negative rod was isolated from 68% of patients with chronic periodontitis, but its participation in the microbiota was very reduced, always smaller than others pathogens like Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum (unpublished data). |
| |
| A recent clinical study by (189), showed that probiotic supplementation (containing L. casei 2 ? 109, Bifidobacterium bifidum 2 ? 109, L. acidophilus 2 ? 109 CFU/day) for a period of 12 weeks had beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation in diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as on glycemic control, HDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and oxidative stress (189). |
| Faecalibacterium, an unknown genus of Peptostreptococcaceae, Anaerostipes, Methanobrevibacter and an unknown genus of Christensenellaceae were abundant in HC and UC and absent or almost absent in CD ones, while Fusobacterium and Escherichia were abundant in patients with CD and almost absent in HC and UC. |
| Four common periodontopathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), which are highly related to periodontal diseases and were mostly reported in the included studies, were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis. |
| Applying our approach to a large CRC dataset, we identified that the relative abundance of the enzymatic components of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Eubacterium, were significantly higher in the adenoma and CRC patients, as compared to the healthy controls. |
| The abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus were reduced in CRC patients. |
| In addition, the relative abundance of the obesity-related harmful bacterium, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, and pro-inflammatory Roseburia faecis remained lower in the HESM group than in the HFD and CON groups during weeks 4?20. |
| Coprococcus catus, Blautia hydrogenotrophic, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus obeum, and Eubacterium ventriosum were significantly correlated with obesity in Japanese people [60,61,62], whereas the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Flavonifractor plautii, Blautiawexlerae, and Clostridium bolteae was associated with lean people [63]. |
| Several bacterial populations, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to directly influence tumor development in the colon. |
| Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| The strongest known risk factor for this devastating disease is infection with Helicobacter pylori, which drives the development of premalignant lesions (such as gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) that can lead to gastric cancer (Fig 1). |
| Interestingly, the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila has been described as a protective ally against the development of metabolic diseases and colitis (22). |
| Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila, alone or in combination with Enterococcus hirae, restored response to anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma or sarcoma-bearing mice with depleted gut microbiota, as demonstrated by reduced tumor size. |
| The results of faecal sample testing from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy individuals have shown that Enterococcus and Streptococcus are increasingly present in samples from CRC patients, while the butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and Clostridium predominate in the control samples [16]. |
| Specifically, patients with CHB and cirrhosis exhibit dramatically decreased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels, while Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae levels are significantly increased compared to healthy people. |
| The abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia hominis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is decreased in IBD patients (11, 108, 109) and, therefore, fecal SCFAs levels are lower in IBD patients compared to controls (20). |
| In rats, Pg causes signs and symptoms associated with arthritis, whereas heat-killed Pg does not.15 Although periodontal disease induced by Pg infection is thought to be associated with RA pathogenesis, the contribution of fimbriae is largely unknown. |
| Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65]. |
| In a rodent study, oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, induced systemic inflammation and insulin resistance [8]. |
| Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers. |
| As compared to healthy children, those suffering from CF have reduced abundances of beneficial bacteria like Eubacterium rectale, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bruzzese et al., 2014). |
| The mucolytic bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus, for example, has been previously shown to be increased in the epithelium of UC and CD patients40 and Clostridiaceae are associated with pouch inflammation (37). |
| Bacterial Pathogens, Inflammation, and Oncogenesis Helicobacter pylori is perhaps the best described and most known oncogenic bacterial pathogen in relation to gastric cancer (GC) thus classified as a group I carcinogen (Wroblewski et al., 2010). |
| In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics [34]. |
| Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type. |
| Higher concentration of some species of Firmicutes such as Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus hansenii, and Clostridium nexile was associated with a greater risk of recurrence and development of CDI. |
| Collectively, with the detection of Fn, fecal and serum microbiome-based strategies might practical tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma. |
| Similarly, Streptococcus is consistently found in healthy airways but is enriched in COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and pneumonia. |
| For instance, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis were abundant in tumors from the right colon, whereas Parvimonas micra was associated with tumors from the left colon. |
| Gut microbiota in patients with autism is often different with increased levels of Bacteroides phylum, Sutterella species and toxin-producing Clostridium histolyticum, but with reduced amounts of Firmicutes, Veilonellaseae, Prevotella and Coprococcus species bacteria. |
| The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species. |
| In contrast, Streptococcus anginosus, Peptoniphilus, and Mycoplasma were significantly decreased in HPV-positive cancers. |
| In periodontitis patients, four genera (Dysgonomonas, Paenibacillus, Mycoplasma, and Campylobacter) and five species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, P. canis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Leptotrichia buccalis) were higher, and only one species (P. melaninogenica) was lower in the C+P+ group compared to the C?P+ group (Figures 3 and 4). |
| |
| For example, microbes such as Dorealongicatena and Parabacteroides, whose abundance was generally low or even non-existent in the healthy samples, was high in patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer. |
| For example, microbes such as Dorealongicatena and Parabacteroides, whose abundance was generally low or even non-existent in the healthy samples, was high in patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer. |
| Bacteria belonging to Clostridium clusters XIVa, XVIII and IV, which lack virulence factors and prominent toxins, were found to modulate host fatty acid metabolism, induce Treg cell activity and attenuate colitis [38]. |
| We also observed that Clostridium clostridioforme, affiliated to Clostridium genera, was higher in the ASD group than in healthy children. |
| The culture-independent sequencing of the 16S region revealed a number of changes at the family and genus level when compared to cellulose, including the stimulation of Parabacteroides, Dialister and Lachnospiraceae populations, each of which have been shown to be reduced in IBD-associated dysbiosis, with Lachnospiraceae also suggested to be protective against colon cancer [40?42]. |
| Interestingly, Proteobacteria (Shigella/Escherichia) was among the top five dysbiosis?contributing bacterial groups for both IBS and IBD, implying similarities in dysbiosis between IBS and IBD. |
| For example, the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori stimulates expression of PAI and of uPA and its receptor (uPAR) in gastric epithelial cells 13 and can also affect epithelial signaling pathways partially through activation of EGFR. |
| Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3). |
| For example, intervention with a probiotic mix containing Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bacillus cereus was capable of counteracting HFD-induced dysbiosis and related gut-liver axis activation along with the improvement of liver histology and inflammation. |
| In this study, an inverse relationship in the abundance of Fusobacterium and Streptococcus species was observed in the tumor tissues versus normal controls (Fig?3). |
| The high abundance of Bifidobacterium species in infants is considered to promote the maturation of the healthy immune system, while high presence of Clostridium difficile is considered as one of the major intra-hospital hazards of severe gastrointestinal infections during infancy [55]. |
| For example, Zeller and Feng et al.showed that Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium vincentii, and Fusobacterium animalis were predictive in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which are among the tops of our list; in particular, F. nucleatum is a common CRC-related species which promotes tumor development [18,20,35]. |
| For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table). |
| |
| Moreover, Fusobacterium varium isolated from UC patients could kill Vero cells, and its culture supernatants caused UC-like lesions in mice [33].Various Streptococcus mutants with a high detection rate in UC patients were also confirmed to aggravate the colitis [34]. |
| Previous studies have shown that Lactobacillus bulgaricus can reduce colitis, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus can effectively maintain UC remission[16]. |
| The genera Acinetobacter and Bacteroides are increased significantly in IBD patients during the active phase (Andoh et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2015), though a massive amount of Dialister invisus has been identified in the state of inactivity or dormancy in the gut of patients with IBD (Schirmer et al., 2018). |
| Our data also suggest there is a specific, preexisting microbial balance that predisposes or protects against ETEC induced diarrhea. |
| For these genera, the abundance of Haemophilus, Sutterella, Campylobacter, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Paraprevotella and Fusobacterium was higher in sAH patients and that of Serratia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and Enterococcus was higher in CAP patients. |
| Moreover, apart from H. Pylori, reduction of different other bacteria like Streptococcus sinensis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Prevotella pallens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Lactobacillus colihominis, and Lachnospiraceae are also responsible for gastric cancer in the human [91][92][93]. |
| For instance, it is known that abundance of the genus Veillonella is positively associated with IBS, while the relative abundances of genera Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and the species Collinsella aerofaciens are inversely associated with IBS. |
| Oral Fusobacterium consists mainly of the species Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), an adherent[12], invasive[13], and proinflammatory[14,15] bacterium that is linked to periodontal disease[16]. |
| The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species. |
| One meta?analysis, published in 2017, identified downregulated colonisation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome where diarrhoea predominated. |
| Moayyedi et al.did not pretreat UC patients with antibiotics prior to FMT and found that the bacterial family Lachnospiraceae and the genus Ruminococcus were associated with their donor that successfully induced remission (44), indicating that UC patients can be innately primed to accept beneficial bacteria unlike healthy individuals. |
| Previous research showed that species including Parvimonas micra, C. gracilis, Treponema socranskii, Dialister pneumosintes, Streptococcus sanguinis, and T. forsythia were significantly elevated in smoking periodontitis patients than they were in non-smoking periodontitis patients, and species including F. nucleatum and Filifactor alocis were increased in smoking periodontal healthy individuals than they were in healthy non-smokers. |
| Also, Actinobaculum schaalii, Actinomyces neuii, Aerococcus urinae, Arthrobacter cumminsii, Corynebacterium coyleae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Oligella urethralis, and Streptococcus anginosus were more frequently isolated from UUI women (see Table?S2 in the supplemental material). |
| The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species. |
| Coprococcus catus, Blautia hydrogenotrophic, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus obeum, and Eubacterium ventriosum were significantly correlated with obesity in Japanese people [60,61,62], whereas the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Flavonifractor plautii, Blautiawexlerae, and Clostridium bolteae was associated with lean people [63]. |
| Similarly, Surana and Kasper showed that Clostridium immunis, a single Lachnospiraceae isolate from the feces of mice colonized with human gut microbiota, conferred protection against experimentally induced colitis, which is consistent with the clinical observation of an inverse relationship between Lachnospiraceae abundance and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. |
| She elaborated that several bacteria are associated with chronic inflammation and a subsequent increased risk of lung and colon cancer, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (lung cancer) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (colon cancer), a bacterium commonly isolated from inflammatory bowel disease patients and a risk factor for colon cancer. |
| Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major colonizer of the CF lung, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Staphylococcus aureus also predominate in these infections, with colonization of B.?cepacia indicating chronic infection (Jones et al., 2004). |
| For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table). |
| Andr?asson et al.used a genome-based microbiota test of stool samples to study the gut flora composition of 98 SSc patients [35] and found that 75.5% had dysbiosis (low levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and/or Clostridiaceae) and that this was significantly associated with esophageal dysmotility, micronutrient deficiency, skin telangiectasias, pitting scars, pulmonary fibrosis, and high serum levels of inflammation markers. |
| Increase of Escherichia/Shigella can induce intestinal inflammation, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction. |
| For example, consumption of the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 from T1 of pregnancy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study significantly reduced the incidence of GDM (P = 0.003) [37]. |
| Nasal microbiota compositions characterized by Moraxella, Streptococcus, or Haemophilus have been reported to be associated with upper respiratory infection (URI) asthma, AOM, pneumonia, or bronchiolitis. |
| In general, enterococci are not regarded as pathogenic in mink, but Enterococcus hirae has been associated with diarrhea in 4?7?week old mink kits submitted for diagnostic testing (Chri?l, pers. |
| Other lactobacilli have also been implicated in the metabolism of other PGs, e.g., the in vitro conversion of the isoflavonic daidzin, present in soy products, by the pig intestinal commensal Lactobacillus mucosae EPI2, to the estrogen-mimicking aglycone equol, which has been proposed to be protective against breast cancer (56, 57). |
| In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD. |
| Intestinal bacteria with pro-carcinogenic properties, such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly bovis), Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides fragiles have been identified in fecal or tumor samples from human patients with adenoma and carcinoma [11?15]. |
| In addition, microbes associated with periodontal disease, including Treponema socranskii, T. amylovorum, Veillonella dispar, Aggregatibacter segnis, and Bacteroides eggerthii were identified. |
| Important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include urinary tract infections, bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, and meningitis. |
| In addition, Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the osteoporosis group than in the control group (Supplementary Figure 4), and the relative abundances of Bacteroides massiliensis, Lachnospira pectinoschiza, Bacteroides coprocola and Blautia were significantly higher in the control group than in the PMO and postmenopausal osteopenia groups (Figure 3B and Supplementary Figure 4). |
| Recently, lower amounts of Enterobacteriaceae were found in the colon mucosa of DD patients compared with healthy controls[17], whereas higher amounts of Akkermansia and no difference in the Escherichia coli subgroup were found in feces in another DD cohort[18]. |
| |
| [23] demonstrated that, after 5 days of treatment with Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum 8PA3, mild alcoholic hepatitis patients had a significant end-of-treatment reduction of ALT and AST, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin. |
| Prevotella falsenii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides eggerthii enhance and Alistipes finegoldii attenuates colitis in mice |
| Our results showed an underrepresentation of H. pylori among the gastric microbiota of the patients with gastric cancer, while Fusobacterium and Clostridium were frequently enriched. |
| Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI). |
| Chronic Inflammatory Process Oral bacteria, especially anaerobic species such as Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium, are responsible for periodontal diseases and lead to chronic inflammatory processes. |
| A 2-year follow-up study by the same group recently revealed that lower counts of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis in year 0 were associated with worsening on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale over the next 2 years, suggesting that changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with the progression of PD (Minato et al., 2017).",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and Parkinson's Disease ? |
| 387,Enterococcus,urinary tract infections,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and urinary tract infections? |
| 388,Ruminococcus,CD,,negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and CD? |
| 389,Porphyromonas gingivalis,cancerogenic,Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis are identified as cancerogenic bacteria.,positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and cancerogenic? |
| 390,Campylobacter concisus,gastritis,,relate,What is the relationship between Campylobacter concisus and gastritis? |
| 391,Escherichia coli,intra-abdominal infections,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and intra-abdominal infections? |
| 392,Streptococcus,overweight,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and overweight? |
| 393,Veillonella,PPD,,negative,What is the relationship between Veillonella and PPD? |
| 394,Escherichia coli,eczema,In the Lifestyle and Genetic Constitution (KOALA) Birth Cohort Study ? an extensive epidemiological study with involved 957 infants from Netherlands aged 1?month ? the presence of Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficile in stools has been associated with a higher risk to develop eczema [14].,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and eczema? |
| 395,Bifidobacteria,HIV-infected,,positive,What is the relationship between Bifidobacteria and HIV-infected? |
| 396,Streptococcus gallolyticus,colorectal cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gallolyticus and colorectal cancer? |
| 397,Escherichia coli,bacteraemia,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and bacteraemia? |
| 398,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa),periodontal diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and periodontal diseases? |
| 399,Escherichia Coli,tumour,,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia Coli and tumour? |
| 400,Enterococcus,inflammatory bowel disease,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 401,T. amylovorum,periodontal disease,,relate,What is the relationship between T. amylovorum and periodontal disease? |
| 402,Clostridium,Epithelial precursor lesion,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and Epithelial precursor lesion? |
| 403,Streptococcus,AKI,,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and AKI? |
| 404,Chryseobacterium,neonatal sepsis,,relate,What is the relationship between Chryseobacterium and neonatal sepsis? |
| 405,Porphyromonas gingivalis,GI cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and GI cancer? |
| 406,Clostridium,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CRC? |
| 407,Bifidobacterium adolescentis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),Oral supplementation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis for 12?weeks was shown to protect C57BL/6 mice against diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)? |
| 408,Ruminococcus,NASH,,positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and NASH? |
| 409,Porphyromonas gingivalis,chronic periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and chronic periodontitis? |
| 410,Staphylococcus pasteuri,active celiac disease,,positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus pasteuri and active celiac disease? |
| 411,Akkermansia muciniphila,chronic airway inflammation,,negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and chronic airway inflammation? |
| 412,Clostridium difficile,pseudomembranous colitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous colitis? |
| 413,Streptococcus salivarius,CRC,,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus salivarius and CRC? |
| 414,Klebsiella pneumoniae,cystitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and cystitis? |
| 415,Streptococcus gallolyticus,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gallolyticus and CRC? |
| 416,Porphyromonas gingivalis,NAFLD,,positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and NAFLD? |
| 417,Haemophilus,GI cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Haemophilus and GI cancer? |
| 418,Pg,synovial inflammation,,positive,What is the relationship between Pg and synovial inflammation? |
| 419,Enterococcus,IBS,,relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and IBS? |
| 420,Enterococcaceae,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcaceae and CRC? |
| 421,Bacteroides eggerthii,periodontal disease,,relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides eggerthii and periodontal disease? |
| 422,Klebsiella pneumoniae,cystitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and cystitis? |
| 423,Staphylococcus aureus,immune diseases,,positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and immune diseases? |
| 424,Lactobacillus helveticus,alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage,,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage? |
| 425,Fusobacterium periodonticum,OSCC,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium periodonticum and OSCC? |
| 426,Enterococcus,LC,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and LC? |
| 427,Escherichia coli,hemorrhagic colitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and hemorrhagic colitis? |
| 428,Clostridium butyricum,AAD,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and AAD? |
| 429,Akkermansia muciniphila,DSS-colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and DSS-colitis? |
| 430,Escherichia coli,colorectal cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer? |
| 431,Clostridium,AD,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and AD? |
| 432,Fusobacterium,Crohn?s disease (CD),,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and Crohn?s disease (CD)? |
| 433,Streptococcus thermophilus,hepatic steatosis,,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus thermophilus and hepatic steatosis? |
| 434,Fn,colorectal neoplasm,,relate,What is the relationship between Fn and colorectal neoplasm? |
| 435,lactobacillus,endocarditis,,relate,What is the relationship between lactobacillus and endocarditis? |
| 436,Bacteroides fragilis,hepaticus colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and hepaticus colitis? |
| 437,Streptococcus,pulmonary diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and pulmonary diseases? |
| 438,Megamonas,HIV,,relate,What is the relationship between Megamonas and HIV? |
| 439,Bifidobacterium breve,eczema,,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium breve and eczema? |
| 440,Proteus mirabilis,UTIs,,positive,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and UTIs? |
| 441,Enterococcaceae,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcaceae and CRC? |
| 442,Bacteroides fragilis,CRC carcinogenesis,,relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CRC carcinogenesis? |
| 443,Ruminococcus,HCC,,positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and HCC? |
| 444,Fusobacterium,gastric cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gastric cancer? |
| 445,Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP),IBD,,positive,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) and IBD? |
| 446,Fusobacterium nucleatum,tumor,,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and tumor? |
| 447,Bifidobacterium longum,colorectal cancer,,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and colorectal cancer? |
| 448,Parabacteroides,PS,,negative,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and PS? |
| 449,Clostridiales,breast cancer,Goedert and colleagues have provided strong functional evidence for the role of Clostridiales in estrogen reactivation and showed that the relative abundance of Clostridiales increases in breast cancer patients.,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and breast cancer? |
| 450,Helicobacter pylori,colitis-like conditions,,positive,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and colitis-like conditions? |
| 451,Staphylococcus epidermidis,cutaneous infection,,negative,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and cutaneous infection? |
| 452,Staphylococcus aureus,HIV-infected,,relate,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and HIV-infected? |
| 453,Staphylococcus aureus,HAI,,positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and HAI? |
| 454,F nucleatum ,OSCC,,relate,What is the relationship between F nucleatum and OSCC? |
| 455,Escherichia coli,CRC carcinogenesis,,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and CRC carcinogenesis? |
| 456,Fusobacterium nucleatum,pancreatic,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and pancreatic? |
| 457,Lactobacillus,liver cirrhosis,,positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and liver cirrhosis? |
| 458,Prevotella,liver cirrhosis,,positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella and liver cirrhosis? |
| 459,Ruminococcus obeum,CD,,negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus obeum and CD? |
| 460,Veillonella,liver disease,Megamonas and Veillonella genus were identified to be significantly contributed to the pathogenesis of liver disease.,relate,What is the relationship between Veillonella and liver disease? |
| 461,Veillonella,inflammatory bowel disease,,positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 462,Fusobacterium nucleatum,periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and periodontitis? |
| 463,Clostridium,diabetic,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and diabetic? |
| 464,Escherichia,endotoxaemia,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and endotoxaemia? |
| 465,Fusobacterium nucleatum,CRC,,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and CRC? |
| 466,Fusobacterium,IBD,,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and IBD? |
| 467,Gordonibacter pamelaeae,Crohn?s disease,Gordonibacter pamelaeae belongs to the phyla Actinobacteria and has previously been isolated from the colon of a patient with Crohn?s disease[27] and from the blood of a patient with rectosigmoid carcinoma.,relate,What is the relationship between Gordonibacter pamelaeae and Crohn?s disease? |
| 468,Bacteroides,CRC,,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides and CRC? |
| 469,Enterobacteriaceae,CHB,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterobacteriaceae and CHB? |
| 470,Bifidobacterium,alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage,,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage? |
| 471,Ruminococcus obeum,systemic lupus erythematosus,,relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus obeum and systemic lupus erythematosus? |
| 472,Enterococcus faecalis,obesity,,negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and obesity? |
| 473,Lactobacillus reuteri,colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus reuteri and colitis? |
| 474,Bacillus subtilis,sepsis,,relate,What is the relationship between Bacillus subtilis and sepsis? |
| 475,Escherichia,mastitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and mastitis? |
| 476,streptococcus,meningitis,,positive,What is the relationship between streptococcus and meningitis? |
| 477,Coprococcus eutactus,inflammatory bowel syndrome,A previous study found decreased abundances of Coprococcus eutactus in inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) patients suffering with severe IBS-related symptoms37.,negative,What is the relationship between Coprococcus eutactus and inflammatory bowel syndrome? |
| 478,Parabacteroides,abnormalities of depression symptoms,,relate,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and abnormalities of depression symptoms? |
| 479,Ruminococcus gnavus,CD,,positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and CD? |
| 480,Streptococcus,urothelial carcinoma,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and urothelial carcinoma? |
| 481,Enterococcus faecium,cardiovascular disorders,,negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecium and cardiovascular disorders? |
| 482,Escherichia coli,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? |
| 483,Clostridium difficile,fulminant colitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and fulminant colitis? |
| 484,Bilophila wadsworthia,colitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Bilophila wadsworthia and colitis? |
| 485,Klebsiella,inflammatory bowel disease,,positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 486,Fusobacterium varium,CRC,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium varium and CRC? |
| 487,Prevotella histicola,autoimmune encephalomyelitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella histicola and autoimmune encephalomyelitis? |
| 488,Klebsiella pneumoniae,pyelonephritis,,relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and pyelonephritis? |
| 489,Clostridium,murine colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and murine colitis? |
| 490,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,colitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and colitis? |
| 491,Enterococcus,liver dysfunction,A study of the IM in patients with advanced liver disease revealed that decreased abundance of Bifidobacterium and increased abundance of Enterococcus were associated with increasing liver dysfunction.,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and liver dysfunction? |
| 492,Bifidobacterium adolescentis,CD,,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and CD? |
| 493,Ruminococcus,intestinal inflammation,,positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and intestinal inflammation? |
| 494,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,cardiovascular diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and cardiovascular diseases? |
| 495,Lactobacilli,CRC,,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacilli and CRC? |
| 496,Haemophilus,GI disorders,,relate,What is the relationship between Haemophilus and GI disorders? |
| 497,Bifidobacterium,cancer,,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and cancer? |
| 498,F. nucleatum,CRC-related,,positive,What is the relationship between F. nucleatum and CRC-related? |
| 499,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,CF,,positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CF? |
| 500,Parabacteroides distasonis,colitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides distasonis and colitis? |
| 501,Streptococcus,cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and cancer? |
| 502,Tannerella forsythensis (Tf),chronic periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythensis (Tf) and chronic periodontitis? |
| 503,Clostridium,gastric cancer,,positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and gastric cancer? |
| 504,Enterococcus,SBS,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and SBS? |
| 505,Akkermansia muciniphila,liver diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and liver diseases? |
| 506,Blautia,HIV,,relate,What is the relationship between Blautia and HIV? |
| 507,Helicobacter pylori,gastric cancer,This is particularly true for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric cancer because of two preconditions.,relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer? |
| 508,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,cancer,Intestinal Bacteroides species such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis have been confirmed to improve immunity against cancer through antibodies directed against lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) by modulating dendritic cells.,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and cancer? |
| 509,Pg,synovial inflammation,,positive,What is the relationship between Pg and synovial inflammation? |
| 510,Lactobacillus casei,colorectal tumors,Other studies have demonstrated that the administration of Lactobacillus casei prevented the growth of colorectal tumors in CRC patients for at least 4 years after treatment.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and colorectal tumors? |
| 511,Enterococcus spp.,human infections,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus spp. and human infections? |
| 512,Gordonibacter pamelaeae,rectosigmoid carcinoma,Gordonibacter pamelaeae belongs to the phyla Actinobacteria and has previously been isolated from the colon of a patient with Crohn?s disease[27] and from the blood of a patient with rectosigmoid carcinoma.,relate,What is the relationship between Gordonibacter pamelaeae and rectosigmoid carcinoma? |
| 513,Ruminococcus,UC,,negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and UC? |
| 514,Clostridiales,SFTS,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and SFTS? |
| 515,Anaerotruncus colihominis,bacteremia,,relate,What is the relationship between Anaerotruncus colihominis and bacteremia? |
| 516,Streptococcus,endocarditis,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and endocarditis? |
| 517,Bilophila wadsworthia,Inflammatory Bowel Disease,,positive,What is the relationship between Bilophila wadsworthia and Inflammatory Bowel Disease? |
| 518,Escherichia coli,infectious gastroenteritis,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and infectious gastroenteritis? |
| 519,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,HIV-infected,,relate,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HIV-infected? |
| 520,Mycobacterium avium,paratubercalosis,,relate,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium and paratubercalosis? |
| 521,Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058,tumor,,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058 and tumor? |
| 522,Campylobacter concisus,Yin-deficiency,,positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter concisus and Yin-deficiency? |
| 523,Helicobacter pylori,atherosclerotic,,relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and atherosclerotic? |
| 524,Eubacterium,gingivitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium and gingivitis? |
| 525,Actinomyces,pulmonary diseases,,relate,What is the relationship between Actinomyces and pulmonary diseases? |
| 526,Klebsiella,NEC,,relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and NEC? |
| 527,Haemophilus,acute appendicitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Haemophilus and acute appendicitis? |
| 528,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,obese,,positive,What is the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and obese? |
| 529,Prevotella copri,arthritis,,positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and arthritis? |
| 530,Staphylococcus aureus,nosocomial infection,,positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and nosocomial infection? |
| 531,Enterobacteriaceae,mucositis,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterobacteriaceae and mucositis? |
| 532,Veillonella,liver cirrhosis,,positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and liver cirrhosis? |
| 533,Bacteroides fragilis,RA,,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and RA? |
| 534,Enterococcus,CF,,positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and CF? |
| 535,Akkermansia muciniphila,colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and colitis? |
| 536,Prevotella histicola,arthritis,,negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella histicola and arthritis? |
| 537,Clostridiales,periodontal disease,,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and periodontal disease? |
| 538,Escherichia coli,diarrhea,,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and diarrhea? |
| 539,Adherent and Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC),CD lesions,,relate,What is the relationship between Adherent and Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) and CD lesions? |
| 540,Ruminococcus,inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),,relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? |
| 541,Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg),chronic periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and chronic periodontitis? |
| 542,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,IPF,,positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and IPF? |
| 543,Escherichia,CAC,,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and CAC? |
| 544,Streptococcus,meningitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and meningitis? |
| 545,Porphyromonas gingivalis,periodontitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontitis? |
| 546,Porphyromonas,halitosis,,relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas and halitosis? |
| 547,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,ulcerative colitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and ulcerative colitis? |
| 548,Haemophilus influenzae,HIV-infected,,relate,What is the relationship between Haemophilus influenzae and HIV-infected? |
| 549,Porphyromonas gingivalis,insulin resistance,,positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and insulin resistance? |
| 550,Fusobacterium,IBD,,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and IBD? |
| 551,Fn,bacterial pharyngitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Fn and bacterial pharyngitis? |
| 552,Helicobacter pylori,cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and cancer? |
| 553,Clostridium,gastric cancer,,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and gastric cancer? |
| 554,Akkermansia muciniphila,metabolic disorders,,negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and metabolic disorders? |
| 555,Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis,colorectal cancer,,negative,What is the relationship between Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and colorectal cancer? |
| 556,Clostridiales,inflammatory bowel disease107,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and inflammatory bowel disease107? |
| 557,Porphyromonas gingivalis,periodontitis,,negative,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontitis? |
| 558,Prevotella,periodontitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella and periodontitis? |
| 559,Prevotella intermedia,periodontitis,,positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis? |
| 560,Fusobacterium,gingivitis,,relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gingivitis? |
| 561,Clostridium,UC,,negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and UC? |
| 562,Lactobacillus,osteoporosis,,positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and osteoporosis? |
| 563,Escherichia coli,IBD,Importance of Escherichia coli as Triggers of Intestinal Inflammation in Crohn\'s Disease An altered gut microbiota has long been suspected to play an important part in the pathogenesis of IBD.,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and IBD? |
| 564,Prevotella copri,rheumatoid arthritis,"Prevotella copri and Prevotella stercorea were related to rheumatoid arthritis and carcinoma in adenoma, respectively (Scher et?al., 2013; Moreno, 2015; Kasai et?al., 2016).",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and rheumatoid arthritis? |
| 565,Lactobacillus acidophilus,hyperglycemia,"Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and hyperglycemia? |
| 566,Acinetobacter baumannii,gastric cancer,"Moreover, apart from H. Pylori, reduction of different other bacteria like Streptococcus sinensis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Prevotella pallens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Lactobacillus colihominis, and Lachnospiraceae are also responsible for gastric cancer in the human [91][92][93].",relate,What is the relationship between Acinetobacter baumannii and gastric cancer? |
| 567,Prevotella salivae,CRS,"Lastly, one Prevotella ASV (Prevotella 13, whose sequence was identical to a V4 sequence of Prevotella salivae) was more prevalent in the nasopharynx of CRS patients than in that of the healthy controls (11% of control samples and 25% of CRS patient samples).",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella salivae and CRS? |
| 568,Escherichia coli,cancer,"Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and cancer? |
| 569,Eisenbergiella,obesity,"This finding is concurrent with the findings in non-pregnant individuals as strains of Eisenbergiella and Lactobacillus reuteri have previously been associated with obesity [56, 57].",relate,What is the relationship between Eisenbergiella and obesity? |
| 570,Prevotella intermedia,endotoxemia,"[67], the oral administration of P. gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia in DBA/1J mice with experimentally collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), led to endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, disruption of intestinal barrier, and intestinal dysbiosis.",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella intermedia and endotoxemia? |
| 571,Campylobacter jejuni,bacterial diarrhea,"Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and infection leads to a high rate of childhood mortality in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) (1, 2).",positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter jejuni and bacterial diarrhea? |
| 572,Granulicatella adiacens,chronic pancreatitis,B. fragilis is known to induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Th17-dependent pathway in colitis-associated CRC (see Supplementary Data 8 for detection of bft genes from enterotoxigenic B. fragilis)37 whereas the abundance of Granulicatella adiacens in saliva is associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.,relate,What is the relationship between Granulicatella adiacens and chronic pancreatitis? |
| 573,Klebsiella pneumoniae,UTIs,"UTIs can be caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, but the most common pathogens are uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus mirabilis (34).",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and UTIs? |
| 574,Tannerella forsythia,atherosclerotic plaque lesions,"In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16].",positive,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and atherosclerotic plaque lesions? |
| 575,Firmicutes,type 2 diabetes,"Studies in people with type 2 diabetes show reduced members of the phylum Firmicutes and Clostridia, especially butyrate-producing (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis and Roseburia inulinivorans) and increased members of Gram-negative betaproteobacteria (g.Sutterela), opportunistic pathogens (Bacteroides caccae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbosium, Eggerthela lenta and Esherichia coli), sulphate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio), Lactobacillus spp.",negative,What is the relationship between Firmicutes and type 2 diabetes? |
| 576,Fusobacterium,CRC,"Although there is increasing evidence that Fusobacterium is involved in CRC cases, it was detected in less than half of adenomas, which suggests that other bacterial populations are capable of potentiating tumorigenesis [2].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and CRC? |
| 577,Porphyromonas endodontalis,periodontitis,"In periodontitis patients, four genera (Dysgonomonas, Paenibacillus, Mycoplasma, and Campylobacter) and five species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, P. canis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Leptotrichia buccalis) were higher, and only one species (P. melaninogenica) was lower in the C+P+ group compared to the C?P+ group (Figures 3 and 4).",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas endodontalis and periodontitis? |
| 578,Blautia,gut dysbiosis,"In addition, the positive influence of DLA-M on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, especially Blautia and Desulfovibrio, may partially contribute to the attenuation of intestinal and systemic inflammation and the prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.",negative,What is the relationship between Blautia and gut dysbiosis? |
| 579,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Crohn?s disease,"For instance, the depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was correlated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including colitis and Crohn?s disease.",relate,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Crohn?s disease? |
| 580,Saccharomyces boulardii,sepsis,"In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics [34].",relate,What is the relationship between Saccharomyces boulardii and sepsis? |
| 581,Clostridium,colorectal cancer,"In addition, many other species of Clostridium and Streptococcus, such as Clostridium difficile (Zheng et al., 2017), Streptococcus gallolyticus (Andres-Franch et al., 2017), and Streptococcus infantarius (Kaindi et al., 2018), were reported to be associated with colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colorectal cancer? |
| 582,Salmonella enterica,colitis-like conditions,"Bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are commonly used in animal models to trigger colitis-like conditions (Jiminez et al., 2015).",positive,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and colitis-like conditions? |
| 583,Sutterella,autism,"Gut microbiota in patients with autism is often different with increased levels of Bacteroides phylum, Sutterella species and toxin-producing Clostridium histolyticum, but with reduced amounts of Firmicutes, Veilonellaseae, Prevotella and Coprococcus species bacteria.",positive,What is the relationship between Sutterella and autism? |
| 584,Blautia,obesity-related metabolic disorders,"In addition, the positive influence of DLA-M on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, especially Blautia and Desulfovibrio, may partially contribute to the attenuation of intestinal and systemic inflammation and the prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.",negative,What is the relationship between Blautia and obesity-related metabolic disorders? |
| 585,Parvimonas micra,tumors from the left colon,"For instance, Fusobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis were abundant in tumors from the right colon, whereas Parvimonas micra was associated with tumors from the left colon.",relate,What is the relationship between Parvimonas micra and tumors from the left colon? |
| 586,CB,IBS,Probiotic CB improves overall IBS symptoms in IBS-D patients compared with placebo.,negative,What is the relationship between CB and IBS? |
| 587,Peptostreptococcus stomatis,CRC-related,"For example, Zeller and Feng et al.showed that Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium vincentii, and Fusobacterium animalis were predictive in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which are among the tops of our list; in particular, F. nucleatum is a common CRC-related species which promotes tumor development [18,20,35].",relate,What is the relationship between Peptostreptococcus stomatis and CRC-related? |
| 588,Helicobacter pylori,gastric cancer,"Such triggers include microbial infections (for example, infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric cancer and gastric mucosal lymphoma or HCV infection which is associated with liver carcinoma), autoimmune diseases (for example, intestinal bowel disease (IBD) is associated with colon cancer) and chronic inflammatory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer? |
| 589,Prevotella copri,metabolic dysfunction,"Microbiome-mediated succinate production, for instance, was found to impact directly upon glucose homeostasis by inducing intestinal gluconeogenesis, while branched-chain amino acid production, in this case by Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus, has previously been associated with metabolic dysfunction and future insulin resistance.",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and metabolic dysfunction? |
| 590,Haemophilus haemolyticus,paediatric respiratory infection,"For example, in the context of paediatric respiratory infection, Haemophilus influenzae is considered an important pathogen, whereas Haemophilus haemolyticus is considered commensal.",positive,What is the relationship between Haemophilus haemolyticus and paediatric respiratory infection? |
| 591,Bacteroides fragilis,CRC,"For example, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), polyketide synthase (pks) NC101 Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis have been shown to promote the development of CRC in in vitro studies.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CRC? |
| 592,Fusobacterium nucleatum,colorectal cancers,"Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colorectal cancers? |
| 593,Enterococcus,hepatic inflammation,"Beyond the intestine, Enterococcus expansion is linked to hepatic inflammation in hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis and E. faecalis enhances inflammation in mouse models of alcoholic cirrhosis with gastric acid suppression.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and hepatic inflammation? |
| 594,Clostridium perfringens,NE,"The main causative pathogen of NE is a spore-forming, anaerobic, and gram-positive bacterium Clostridium perfringens and NE is often associated with the predisposing factor of Eimeria maxima and/or E. acervulina infection.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and NE? |
| 595,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Periodontal disease-associated,"Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type.",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Periodontal disease-associated? |
| 596,Enterococcus,HCC,"The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and HCC? |
| 597,Moraxella catarrhalis,pneumonia,"Best-known Moraxella infections are produced by Moraxella catarrhalis, which causes respiratory infections, including pneumonia and otitis in human.",positive,What is the relationship between Moraxella catarrhalis and pneumonia? |
| 598,Staphylococcus epidermidis,NEC,"Such OTUs include those matching closest to the potentially pathogenic Klebsiella granulomatis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium perfringens, but also one that matched Staphylococcus epidermidis, a known skin commensal that has previously been associated with NEC risk.",relate,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and NEC? |
| 599,Clostridium,GI disorders,"Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and GI disorders? |
| 600,Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis),colorectal cancer,"The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), Hp, Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Clostridium septicum (C. septicum), Fusobacterium spp.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) and colorectal cancer? |
| 601,Clostridium,ASD,"For instance, studies in ASD have found Clostridium or Desulfovibrio bacteria clusters over-represented in children with gastrointestinal complaints and ASD as compared to children with similar gastrointestinal complaints but typical neurobehavioral development [113, 116, 117].",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? |
| 602,Prevotella intermedia,periodontitis,"Further, a small proportion of taxa with increased relative abundance were observed in the control group, including some periodontitis associated species such as Prevotella intermedia and Filifactor alocis (possibly explained by marginally higher periodontitis extent in the control group).",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella intermedia and periodontitis? |
| 603,Peptostreptococcus,gingivitis,"Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3).",relate,What is the relationship between Peptostreptococcus and gingivitis? |
| 604,BA,intestinal disorders,"Among them, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) has gained more attention, and emerging evidence has identified its health-beneficial properties in the treatment of intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and inflammation.",negative,What is the relationship between BA and intestinal disorders? |
| 605,Lactococcus lactis,mastitis,"We have already shown that the two-component bacteriocin, lacticin 3147, produced by the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) Lactococcus lactis DPC3147 inhibits Gram positive mastitis pathogens (Ryan et al., 1998, 1999; Klostermann et al., 2008, 2010).",negative,What is the relationship between Lactococcus lactis and mastitis? |
| 606,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CJ,"The levels of potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium (OTU96) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (OTU151), were significantly decreased in infants with CJ.",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CJ? |
| 607,Clostridium,intestinal inflammation,"Enterococcus spp. are important causes of human infections [40] and different species of Clostridium have been implicated in the induction of intestinal inflammation, due to production of extracellular toxins, and they may be detrimental during increased permeability of the colonic mucosa [41].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and intestinal inflammation? |
| 608,Hp,colorectal cancer,"The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer [78] are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) [79], Hp [80], Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) [81], Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [82], Clostridium septicum (C. septicum) [83], Fusobacterium spp.",positive,What is the relationship between Hp and colorectal cancer? |
| 609,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,CF lung,"Although Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major colonizer of the CF lung, Burkholderia cepacia complex and Staphylococcus aureus also predominate in these infections, with colonization of B.?cepacia indicating chronic infection (Jones et al., 2004).",relate,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CF lung? |
| 610,Coprococcus comes,CRC,"The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species.",negative,What is the relationship between Coprococcus comes and CRC? |
| 611,Serratia marcescens,cardiovascular disorders,"Vitamin-K-producing gut bacteria namely Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium lentum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecium (Fernandez and Collins, 1987; Cooke et al., 2006) anaerobically synthesize vitamin K2 (menaquinone) which is essential in decreasing vascular calcification, elevating HDL and lowering cholesterol levels, contributing to lower risk of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (Kawashima et al., 1997; Geleijnse et al., 2004).",negative,What is the relationship between Serratia marcescens and cardiovascular disorders? |
| 612,Bacteroides fragilis,cancer,Intestinal Bacteroides species such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis have been confirmed to improve immunity against cancer through antibodies directed against lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) by modulating dendritic cells.,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and cancer? |
| 613,Bifidobacterium,CRC,"The abundance of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus were reduced in CRC patients.",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and CRC? |
| 614,Bifidobacterium animalis,metabolic endotoxemia,"These results represent a further solid argument in favour of using Bifidobacterium animalis for the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and for the development of a therapeutic strategy based on bacterial translocation control and mucosal dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes, associated with obesity or metabolic syndrome.",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium animalis and metabolic endotoxemia? |
| 615,Fusobacterium nucletum,colorectal cancer,"Similarly, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucletum are identified to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue compared to the matched tissue, and Fusobacterium nucletum is proved to be associated with high microsatellite instability [24].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucletum and colorectal cancer? |
| 616,Clostridium,immune-related disorders,"In another prospective study, a reduced ratio of Bifidobacterium to Clostridium counts in the faecal microbiota of infants was shown to precede the development of atopic diseases later in life, indicating that the relative proportions of these bacterial groups may favour or protect against the development of immune-related disorders.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and immune-related disorders? |
| 617,Chryseobacterium,acute appendicitis,"Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].",relate,What is the relationship between Chryseobacterium and acute appendicitis? |
| 618,Fusobacterium periodonticum,periodontitis,"The same trend is seen at species level where higher proportion of Veillonella atypica and lower proportion of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were associated with dental caries, and higher proportions of Fusobacterium periodonticum and Leptotrichia wadei and lower proportions of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were associated with periodontitis, when compared to orally healthy individuals.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium periodonticum and periodontitis? |
| 619,Porphyromonas gingivalis,inflammatory periodontitis through dysbiosis,"The keystone pathogen hypothesis was developed to explain how despite its low-level colonization of the periodontium, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) causes inflammatory periodontitis through dysbiosis, i.e., an unbalancing of the relative abundance of individual components of the microbiota compared with their abundances in health (Hajishengallis et al., 2012).",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and inflammatory periodontitis through dysbiosis? |
| 620,Streptococcus pneumoniae,bacteraemia,"Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, causes several serious and often life-threatening infections including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and bacteraemia? |
| 621,Prevotella copri,autoimmune diseases,"Several of the taxa most important for distinguishing Entamoeba presence, which included Prevotella copri, are also associated with autoimmune diseases [21].",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and autoimmune diseases? |
| 622,Bifidobacterium breve,colon cancer,"Similarly, CLnA, produced by Bifidobacterium breve, were able to inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells and could be associated with an anti-obesity effect [15], [16].",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium breve and colon cancer? |
| 623,Enterococcus,IBDs,"Overall, enhanced microbial diversity, decreased Firmicutes, and increased Bacteroidetes and SCFAs levels evidence that these (or such) probiotic Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains (particularly, in combination) may be beneficial in ameliorating gut microbiome dysbiosis in several human diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and IBDs, and might serve as potential biotherapy to prevent/cure such ailments.",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and IBDs? |
| 624,Lactobacillus fermentum,AD,"For example, Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 potently produces ferulic acid (FA), a phytochemical that reduces A? fibril formulation, neuroinflammation and restores learning and memory deficits in AD animal models [10].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and AD? |
| 625,Clostridium_Q,colorectal cancer,"Clostridium_Q is a member of the family Lachnospiraceae described recently in a reassessment of bacterial taxonomy (Parks et al., 2018) and includes the species Clostridium symbiosum, an important biomarker associated with colorectal cancer progression (Xie et al., 2017; Thomas et al., 2019).",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium_Q and colorectal cancer? |
| 626,Bacteroides fragilis,autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE),Many studies have also shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Polysaccharide A (PSA) produced by intestinal Bacteroides fragilis has been discovered to protect against the disease symptoms in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model [47].,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)? |
| 627,Lactobacillus,type 1 diabetes,"Probiotic supplements containing Bifidobacterium bifidum have promoted the expansion of Tregs in cell cultures, and probiotics enriched with strains of Lactobacillus alone or in combination with retinoic acid have prevented the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice[254,263].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and type 1 diabetes? |
| 628,Enterococcus,CRC,"However, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), among Enterococcus species, may also correlate with CRC development.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and CRC? |
| 629,Streptococcus,AD,Outgrowths of Staphylococcus and reductions of other communities like Streptococcus or Propionibacterium species correlate with AD flares.,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and AD? |
| 630,Escherichia coli,IBD,"In particular, different microorganisms belonging to Proteobacteria, such as Campylobacter, enterohepatic Helicobacter and Escherichia coli are often associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), being able to negatively influence the immune system and enhance intestinal inflammation[26].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and IBD? |
| 631,Streptococcus,cancer,Schmidt et al.and Wang et al.describe that Firmicutes (especially Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (especially Rothia) are significantly decreased in cancer patients when comparing tumour sites with contralateral non-tumour samples from the same patient.,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and cancer? |
| 632,Ruminococcus obeum,systemic lupus erythematosus,"No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31].",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus obeum and systemic lupus erythematosus? |
| 633,Lactobacillus plantarum,dysbiosis,"Additional Information How to cite this article: Davis, D. J. et al.Lactobacillus plantarum attenuates anxiety-related behavior and protects against stress-induced dysbiosis in adult zebrafish.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus plantarum and dysbiosis? |
| 634,Lactobacillus,gastric cancer,"Lertpiriyapong et al showed that mice harbouring a complex intestinal microbiota, and mice colonised with a restricted intestinal microbiota (that includes Clostridium and Lactobacillus), had an accelerated onset and progression of gastric cancer secondary to H. pylori infection.",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and gastric cancer? |
| 635,Salmonella typhi,gallbladder cancer,"In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Salmonella typhi and gallbladder cancer? |
| 636,Clostridiales,obesity,"(Firmicutes;Clostridiales) were inversely associated with overweight/obesity, and similar tendency were seen with Ruminococcus (Firmicutes; Clostridiales) and Akkermansia (Verrucomicrobia;Verrucomicrobiales) (Table 3).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and obesity? |
| 637,ETBF,CRC tumor,The present study revealed that ETBF exerts a marked effect on CRC tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.,positive,What is the relationship between ETBF and CRC tumor? |
| 638,Clostridium,IBS,"Despite the complexity of the gut flora ecosystem, some commensal microorganisms have been significantly related to IBS, including increased Clostridium perfringens (or more diverse Clostridium spp.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and IBS? |
| 639,C. dificile,diarrhea,"[33] On the other hand, Clostridium cluster XI, which includes a known diarrheal pathogen C. dificile, although less abundant prior to radiotherapy in patients who later develop diarrhea, is significantly expanded post-therapy, while in non-diarrhea patients it followed the opposite trend.",positive,What is the relationship between C. dificile and diarrhea? |
| 640,Actinobaculum schaalii,UUI,"Also, Actinobaculum schaalii, Actinomyces neuii, Aerococcus urinae, Arthrobacter cumminsii, Corynebacterium coyleae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Oligella urethralis, and Streptococcus anginosus were more frequently isolated from UUI women (see Table?S2 in the supplemental material).",relate,What is the relationship between Actinobaculum schaalii and UUI? |
| 641,Escherichia,ESRD,Some genera such as Escherichia and Proteus were previously found in the blood of ESRD patients.,relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and ESRD? |
| 642,Streptococcus,NAFLD,"In agreement with this conjecture, we observed that oral administration of IPA could significantly decrease the abundances of pathogenic Bacteroides and Streptococcus, which are frequently found to be increased in NAFLD patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and NAFLD? |
| 643,Peptostreptococcus,colorectal cancer,"Several species of Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas were extensively enriched in cancer samples, including Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra, both of which are reportedly related to colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Peptostreptococcus and colorectal cancer? |
| 644,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,intestinal infections,"This outcome of our study highlighted the protective effect of DIP as several animal studies have suggested that some of the Lactobacillus strains including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) possess probiotic properties that have a modulatory effect on immune system, decrease inflammatory conditions, and provide protection against certain intestinal infections [66,67].",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and intestinal infections? |
| 645,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,AD,"According to a double-blind placebo-controlled trial, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L. rhamnosus GG) taken at pregnancy prevented half of the high-risk infants from developing AD at 2 years, and this effect was kept constant at the age of 4 years [153].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and AD? |
| 646,Firmicutes,NEC,Microbial community dysbiosis is an important factor for neonatal gut health and preterm infants with a gut dominated by Firmicutes in the first days after birth may later develop NEC.,positive,What is the relationship between Firmicutes and NEC? |
| 647,Prevotella copri,arthritis14,"Besides considering bacterial pathogens like Prevotella copri or Collinsella genus as potential triggers, fungal ?-glucan preparation zymosan A may also induce severe arthritis14,17,18.",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and arthritis14? |
| 648,Streptococcus,tonsillitis,"While these tonsillitis-associated taxa were mostly distinct from those associated with healthy samples, Streptococcus ESVs were linked to both tonsillitis and healthy cohorts (Fig?2).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and tonsillitis? |
| 649,Fusobacterium,tumors,"Additionally, identical strains of Fusobacterium have been found in the oral cavities, and tumors of patients with colorectal cancers (89).",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumors? |
| 650,Akkermansia muciniphila,FBS,"The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was negatively correlated with BMI, FBS, and insulin levels, for example, all in gradients ranging continuously over the ranges of these clinical variables and its relative abundance.",negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and FBS? |
| 651,Lactobacillus,ulcerative colitis,"In addition, the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pseudomanas counts were significantly decreased and that for Enterobacteriacceae was significantly increased in patients with ulcerative colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and ulcerative colitis? |
| 652,Escherichia coli,endotoxaemia,"Treatment with Escherichia coli Nissle probiotics has been shown to restore the intestinal microflora including Lactobacilli and Bifidobacilli, to reduce endotoxaemia, and to improve liver function.",negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and endotoxaemia? |
| 653,Clostridium,colitis,"However, the female-biased phylotypes also included some opportunistic pathogen, such as Clostridium disporicum (belonging to Clostridium sensu stricto), Clostridium leptum (belonging to Clostridium IV), Clostridium spiroforme (belonging to Clostridium XVIII), Clostridium innocuum, and Escherichia fergusonii/Shigella sonnei, which were implicated in the development of infection or colitis.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? |
| 654,Staphylococcus aureus,MS,"Another hypothesis emerging from animal models suggests that bacterial superantigens (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E) activate auto-reactive T cells, which then promotes the onset of immune diseases like MS (Brocke et al., 1993).",positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and MS? |
| 655,S. mitis,pancreatic cancer,"For example, the salivary microbiome profiles exhibited 94% sensitivity and 82% specificity in distinguishing patients with early-stage, resectable pancreatic cancer based on shifts in the microbial signature, with Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis emerging as specific biomarkers, whereas Granulicatella adiacens and S. mitis were associated with chronic pancreatitis.",relate,What is the relationship between S. mitis and pancreatic cancer? |
| 656,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,OSCC,"Other studies have reported that Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Al-Hebshi et al., 2017), and Fusobacterium periodonticum (Yang et al., 2018) are associated with OSCC development.",relate,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and OSCC? |
| 657,Klebsiella pneumoniae,osteomyelitis,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and osteomyelitis? |
| 658,Bifidobacterium animalis,obesity,"These results represent a further solid argument in favour of using Bifidobacterium animalis for the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and for the development of a therapeutic strategy based on bacterial translocation control and mucosal dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes, associated with obesity or metabolic syndrome.",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium animalis and obesity? |
| 659,Klebsiella pneumoniae,pyelonephritis,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and pyelonephritis? |
| 660,Cronobacter sakazakii,gastrointestinal diseases,"In this context, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that B. bifidum PRL2010 cells strongly inhibit the adhesion of enteropathogens including Escherichia coli and Cronobacter sakazakii [83], which are frequently implicated in severe gastrointestinal diseases in infants.",relate,What is the relationship between Cronobacter sakazakii and gastrointestinal diseases? |
| 661,HP,gastritis,"Bacteria were shown to contribute to gastritis when Barry Marshall and Robin Warren found in 1984 that Helicobacter pylori (HP) in the stomach played an important role in chronic gastritis (Marshall and Warren, 1984).",positive,What is the relationship between HP and gastritis? |
| 662,Lactobacillus,CHB,"Specifically, patients with CHB and cirrhosis exhibit dramatically decreased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels, while Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae levels are significantly increased compared to healthy people.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and CHB? |
| 663,Escherichia coli,epithelial dysfunction,"In vitro studies have shown that live probiotic bacteria protect epithelial cells from enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, a combination of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus acidophilus ameliorated epithelial dysfunction due to inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in a mouse model of colitis in vivo.",negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and epithelial dysfunction? |
| 664,Klebsiella pneumoniae,meningitis,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and meningitis? |
| 665,Streptococcus,polyarthritis,"The most common OTU of the Streptococcaceae in this bloom was identified as Streptococcus suis, an organism that is both normal microbiota of swine tonsils and a cause of severe infections including meningitis and polyarthritis in recently weaned piglets .",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and polyarthritis? |
| 666,Alistipes,IBS,"For instance, it is known that abundance of the genus Veillonella is positively associated with IBS, while the relative abundances of genera Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and the species Collinsella aerofaciens are inversely associated with IBS.",negative,What is the relationship between Alistipes and IBS? |
| 667,Bacteroides,IBD,"The genera Acinetobacter and Bacteroides are increased significantly in IBD patients during the active phase (Andoh et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2015), though a massive amount of Dialister invisus has been identified in the state of inactivity or dormancy in the gut of patients with IBD (Schirmer et al., 2018).",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides and IBD? |
| 668,Firmicutes,autism,"Gut microbiota in patients with autism is often different with increased levels of Bacteroides phylum, Sutterella species and toxin-producing Clostridium histolyticum, but with reduced amounts of Firmicutes, Veilonellaseae, Prevotella and Coprococcus species bacteria.",negative,What is the relationship between Firmicutes and autism? |
| 669,Pantoea agglomerans,rodent malaria,"More recently, it was shown that engineered Pantoea agglomerans bacteria isolated from mosquitoes inhibited development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei by up to 98% [6].",negative,What is the relationship between Pantoea agglomerans and rodent malaria? |
| 670,Moraxella catarrhalis,respiratory infections,"Best-known Moraxella infections are produced by Moraxella catarrhalis, which causes respiratory infections, including pneumonia and otitis in human.",positive,What is the relationship between Moraxella catarrhalis and respiratory infections? |
| 671,Bacteroides fragilis,ASD,"As shown by a study of Hsiao et al., treatment with Bacteroides fragilis reduced gut permeability, altered the composition of the gut microbiota and decreased ASD-like behaviors in a rodent model of ASD (Hsiao et al., 2013).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and ASD? |
| 672,Coprococcus catus,CD,"Interestingly, Coprococcus catus and Ruminococcus torques were over-represented in women with CD who did not receive any medication.",positive,What is the relationship between Coprococcus catus and CD? |
| 673,Shigella sonnei,infectious gastroenteritis,"For example, infectious gastroenteritis caused by bacterial (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli 0157:H7), viral (norovirus), or protozoal (Giardia lamblia) pathogens increase the risk of post-infectious IBS.",positive,What is the relationship between Shigella sonnei and infectious gastroenteritis? |
| 674,Campylobacter jejuni,infectious gastroenteritis,"For example, infectious gastroenteritis caused by bacterial (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli 0157:H7), viral (norovirus), or protozoal (Giardia lamblia) pathogens increase the risk of post-infectious IBS.",positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter jejuni and infectious gastroenteritis? |
| 675,Bacteroides fragilis,colon cancer,"In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and colon cancer? |
| 676,Streptococcus,HIV-infected adults,"Together with Streptococcus, these are two of the most frequent organisms seen in the era of ART and are often responsible for the greatest incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected adults and children [23].",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and HIV-infected adults? |
| 677,Clostridiales,HIV,"Corynebacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, and unclassified Clostridiales were found to be the most common families regardless of HIV status.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and HIV? |
| 678,Desulfovibrio,IBD,"While it is difficult to discern whether there were specific ecological interactions driving these associations, both E. coli and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), such as Desulfovibrio, have been associated with higher clinical activity indices and sigmoidoscopy scores in rectal biopsies of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) [25,26,27].One study also reported higher Clostridium perfringens and lower Eubacterium spp.",relate,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and IBD? |
| 679,Klebsiella pneumoniae,bacteremia,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and bacteremia? |
| 680,Streptococcus pneumoniae,meningitis,"Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, causes several serious and often life-threatening infections including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and meningitis? |
| 681,Aggregatibacter segnis,periodontal disease," In addition, microbes associated with periodontal disease, including Treponema socranskii, T. amylovorum, Veillonella dispar, Aggregatibacter segnis, and Bacteroides eggerthii were identified.",relate,What is the relationship between Aggregatibacter segnis and periodontal disease? |
| 682,Roseburia intestinalis,ulcerative colitis,"In patients with ulcerative colitis, depletion of both Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis has been proposed to be the hallmark of dysbiosis (44).",negative,What is the relationship between Roseburia intestinalis and ulcerative colitis? |
| 683,Clostridium hiranonis,low dysbiosis,"This was manifested by a considerable post-race increase in the bacteria Fusobacterium, Clostridium hiranonis, and Blautia, all of which are associated with normobiosis (low dysbiosis index, Figure 3).",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium hiranonis and low dysbiosis? |
| 684,Prevotella,autism,"Gut microbiota in patients with autism is often different with increased levels of Bacteroides phylum, Sutterella species and toxin-producing Clostridium histolyticum, but with reduced amounts of Firmicutes, Veilonellaseae, Prevotella and Coprococcus species bacteria.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella and autism? |
| 685,Klebsiella pneumoniae,septicemia,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and septicemia? |
| 686,Parvimonas micra,colorectal cancer,"Several species of Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas were extensively enriched in cancer samples, including Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra, both of which are reportedly related to colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Parvimonas micra and colorectal cancer? |
| 687,Desulfovibrio,IBD,"For example, Desulfovibrio prevalence is significantly enriched in patients with IBD relative to healthy individuals or to patients with non-inflammatory bowel diseases.",positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and IBD? |
| 688,Enterococcus,Enterococcus bacteremia,Taur et al.investigated the gut microbiome profiles of 94 bone marrow transplant recipients and reported that elevated gut Enterococcus abundances were associated with future development of Enterococcus bacteremia and that elevated gut Proteobacteria abundances were associated with future development of Proteobacteria bacteremia25.,relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and Enterococcus bacteremia? |
| 689,Streptococcus,pneumonia,"Certain species of Streptococcus are pathogenic and may cause infectious diseases like bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and endocarditis.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and pneumonia? |
| 690,Prevotella copri,arthritis,"Additionally, key association studies between specific changes in the intestinal microbiota composition and disease have shown that Blautia, Collinsella, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased in heart failure (HF), whereas expansion of Prevotella copri correlated with predisposition to arthritis.",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and arthritis? |
| 691,Enterococcus,colorectal cancer,"The results of faecal sample testing from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and healthy individuals have shown that Enterococcus and Streptococcus are increasingly present in samples from CRC patients, while the butyrate-producing bacteria Roseburia and Clostridium predominate in the control samples [16].",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and colorectal cancer? |
| 692,Staphylococcus aureus,mastitis,"Although Staphylococcus aureus has often been cited as the most common causative organism for mastitis, as many as 31?% of healthy breastfeeding women harbour Staphylococcus aureus in their breast milk and 10?% harbour GBS (Group B streptococci).",positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis? |
| 693,Haemophilus influenzae,CF,"Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung-transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of infection due to chronic pre-transplant colonization with microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being the most frequent pathogen in adult CF-patients (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 2011).",positive,What is the relationship between Haemophilus influenzae and CF? |
| 694,Fusobacterium,cancerous,"Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Haemophilus, Gemella, Veillonella, Granulicatella, Morganella, and Porphyromonas, which constitute over 1% of the total bacteria in cancerous tissue, exhibited a relatively higher abundance in cancerous tissue.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and cancerous? |
| 695,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,insulin sensitivity,"Thus, modulation of gut microbiota by probiotic strains containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus can have beneficial effects on body weight, glucose and fat metabolism, insulin sensitivity and chronic systemic inflammation.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and insulin sensitivity? |
| 696,Lactobacillus spp.,infection with Salmonella Typhimurium,"Similarly, Lactobacillus spp. have been shown to attenuated infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, as well as conferred resistance to pulmonary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae [51].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus spp. and infection with Salmonella Typhimurium? |
| 697,Desulfovibrio,gut dysbiosis,"In addition, the positive influence of DLA-M on HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, especially Blautia and Desulfovibrio, may partially contribute to the attenuation of intestinal and systemic inflammation and the prevention of obesity-related metabolic disorders.",negative,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and gut dysbiosis? |
| 698,Lactobacillus casei,diabetes,"Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and diabetes? |
| 699,Lactobacillus acidophilus,cancer,"Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk in this model has resulted in increased cancer cell apoptosis and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus has been associated with tumor growth retardation and reduced systemic inflammation [82,83].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and cancer? |
| 700,Eubacterium hallII,CRC,"The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species.",negative,What is the relationship between Eubacterium hallII and CRC? |
| 701,Veillonella parvula,lung cancer,"In addition, Veillonella parvula were reportedly found frequently in the lower air tracts of lung cancer patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Veillonella parvula and lung cancer? |
| 702,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,CF,"Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung-transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of infection due to chronic pre-transplant colonization with microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being the most frequent pathogen in adult CF-patients (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 2011).",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CF? |
| 703,Bacteroides vulgatus,T2D,"Accordingly, in investigations that analyzed this genus on the species level, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides 20?3 and Bacteroides vulgatus were decreased in T2D patients and Bacteroides stercoris were enriched after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in T2D patients with diabetes remission [5,11,17,24].",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and T2D? |
| 704,Enterococcus,neonatal piglet diarrhea,"While previous studies have shown that Enterococcus increases the risk of neonatal piglet diarrhea (Jonach et al., 2014; Hermann-Bank et al., 2015), the decrease of Enterococcus in this work may be due to the specific species of Enterococcus encountered.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and neonatal piglet diarrhea? |
| 705,Klebsiella pneumoniae,bacteremia,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and bacteremia? |
| 706,Fusobacterium ulcerans,CRC,"In addition to non-nucleatum Fusobacteria, Fusobacterium varium and Fusobacterium ulcerans and other Fusobacterium groups are also enriched in CRC patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium ulcerans and CRC? |
| 707,Dorealongicatena,colorectal cancer,"For example, microbes such as Dorealongicatena and Parabacteroides, whose abundance was generally low or even non-existent in the healthy samples, was high in patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer.",negative,What is the relationship between Dorealongicatena and colorectal cancer? |
| 708,Haemophilus,neonatal sepsis,"Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].",relate,What is the relationship between Haemophilus and neonatal sepsis? |
| 709,Tannerella forsythia,Periodontal disease-associated,"Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type.",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and Periodontal disease-associated? |
| 710,Prevotella copri,ASD,"Because children with ASD have lower abundances of fermentative bacteria (e.g., Prevotella copri), and lower overall bacterial diversity, it has also been hypothesized that lack of beneficial gut microbiota impairs neurological health [21].",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and ASD? |
| 711,Streptococcus pneumoniae,primary peritonitis,"Data shows that sepsis remains one of the main causes of death in children with NS while peritonitis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in NS patients, and the main organism responsible for primary peritonitis in NS patients is Streptococcus pneumoniae (11).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and primary peritonitis? |
| 712,Bacteroides fragilis,intestinal inflammation,"One commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, produces an immunomodulatory molecule called polysaccharide A (PSA), which regulates the Th1 and Th2 balance and directs Treg development to protect against intestinal inflammation (Mazmanian et al.2005; Round and Mazmanian 2010; Round et al.2011; Xu et al.2003).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and intestinal inflammation? |
| 713,Dysgonomonas,periodontitis,"In periodontitis patients, four genera (Dysgonomonas, Paenibacillus, Mycoplasma, and Campylobacter) and five species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, P. canis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Leptotrichia buccalis) were higher, and only one species (P. melaninogenica) was lower in the C+P+ group compared to the C?P+ group (Figures 3 and 4).",positive,What is the relationship between Dysgonomonas and periodontitis? |
| 714,Klebsiella,small-cell carcinoma,"For instance, genera Acidovorax, Klebsiella, Rhodoferax, Comamonas, and Polarmonas are more frequently found in small-cell carcinoma (SCC) and are not detected in adenocarcinoma cases [20].",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and small-cell carcinoma? |
| 715,Gemella haemolysans,tumor,"The unnamed cultivable taxon, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, and named cultivable bacterial species, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, Johnsonella ignava, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis I, Streptococcus salivarius were highly associated to tumor site.",relate,What is the relationship between Gemella haemolysans and tumor? |
| 716,Streptococcus agalactiae,meningitis,"Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and mastitis in bovine (Edwards and Baker, 2005; Tazi et al., 2011; Edmond et al., 2012; Lamagni et al., 2013).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus agalactiae and meningitis? |
| 717,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa),chronic periodontitis,"A multiplex PCR reaction was standardized to confirm the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the subgingival samples from patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis.",relate,What is the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and chronic periodontitis? |
| 718,Lachnospiraceae,gastric cancer,"Moreover, apart from H. Pylori, reduction of different other bacteria like Streptococcus sinensis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Prevotella pallens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Lactobacillus colihominis, and Lachnospiraceae are also responsible for gastric cancer in the human [91][92][93].",relate,What is the relationship between Lachnospiraceae and gastric cancer? |
| 719,Lactobacilli,HIV-infected,"In HIV-infected patients, inflammatory markers were concurrent with an altered fecal microbiome composition featuring increased abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and decreased abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria (Gori et al., 2008).",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacilli and HIV-infected? |
| 720,Bifidobacterium animalis,metabolic syndrome,"These results represent a further solid argument in favour of using Bifidobacterium animalis for the reduction of metabolic endotoxemia and for the development of a therapeutic strategy based on bacterial translocation control and mucosal dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes, associated with obesity or metabolic syndrome.",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium animalis and metabolic syndrome? |
| 721,Escherichia coli,IBD,"From various IBD studies, etiologically implicated bacteria include Faecalibacterium prausnitzii exerting a positive impact, described as anti-inflammatory, while Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) have a negative impact as potential IBD infectious agents [5, 8?12].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and IBD? |
| 722,Group B streptococcus,meningitis,"Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and mastitis in bovine (Edwards and Baker, 2005; Tazi et al., 2011; Edmond et al., 2012; Lamagni et al., 2013).",positive,What is the relationship between Group B streptococcus and meningitis? |
| 723,Veillonella dispar,periodontal disease," In addition, microbes associated with periodontal disease, including Treponema socranskii, T. amylovorum, Veillonella dispar, Aggregatibacter segnis, and Bacteroides eggerthii were identified.",relate,What is the relationship between Veillonella dispar and periodontal disease? |
| 724,Bifidobacterium bifidum,alcohol-induced hepatitis,"The study with administration of probiotics (Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum 8PA3) for 5 days in patients with mild alcohol-induced hepatitis, showed a notable improvement of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT).",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium bifidum and alcohol-induced hepatitis? |
| 725,Porphyromonas gingivalis,CRC,"Applying our approach to a large CRC dataset, we identified that the relative abundance of the enzymatic components of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Eubacterium, were significantly higher in the adenoma and CRC patients, as compared to the healthy controls.",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and CRC? |
| 726,Helicobacter pylori,gastric cancer,"In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer? |
| 727,Moraxella catarrhalis,IPF,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",positive,What is the relationship between Moraxella catarrhalis and IPF? |
| 728,Lactobacillus fermentum,esophageal adenocarcinom,"In contrast to changes toward increasing various bacterial taxa in GERD and Barrett\'s esophagus, microbial diversity decreased in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) when compared with the control, which enriched acid-tolerant bacteria such as Lactobacillus fermentum.",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and esophageal adenocarcinom? |
| 729,Streptococcus mitis,oral cancer,"(2011) found that increases in the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva have been associated with oral disease prevalence, while another study showed that high salivary counts of Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica and Streptococcus mitis may be indicative of oral cancer (Mager et al., 2005).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mitis and oral cancer? |
| 730,EHEC,severe intestinal inflammation,"Importantly, EHEC and EPEC can cause severe intestinal inflammation and diarrhea.",positive,What is the relationship between EHEC and severe intestinal inflammation? |
| 731,Streptococcus anginosus,HPV-positive cancers,"In contrast, Streptococcus anginosus, Peptoniphilus, and Mycoplasma were significantly decreased in HPV-positive cancers.",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus anginosus and HPV-positive cancers? |
| 732,Eubacterium eligens,CRC,"The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species.",negative,What is the relationship between Eubacterium eligens and CRC? |
| 733,Ruminococcus,metabolic syndrome,"For two of those genera, Coprococcus and Ruminococcus, and for members of the Coriobacteriaeae family, the representativeness was rescued by the faecal treatment and, therefore, directly correlated with the reduction of markers of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and tissue oxidative stress.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and metabolic syndrome? |
| 734,Klebsiella oxytoca,hemorrhagic colitis,"In our study, the dominance of Klebsiella following ampicillin exposure is noteworthy because, in humans, Klebsiella oxytoca has been identified as the causative organism for antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (H?genauer et al., 2006).",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella oxytoca and hemorrhagic colitis? |
| 735,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,HIV-infected,"In HIV-infected patients, inflammatory markers were concurrent with an altered fecal microbiome composition featuring increased abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and decreased abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria (Gori et al., 2008).",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HIV-infected? |
| 736,Fn,CRC,"Virulence Proteins of Fn Involved in CRC Carcinogenesis Although Fn has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms remain unknown.",relate,What is the relationship between Fn and CRC? |
| 737,Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis),colorectal cancer,"The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), Hp, Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Clostridium septicum (C. septicum), Fusobacterium spp.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and colorectal cancer? |
| 738,Escherichia coli,UC,"Enterobacteria are particularly elevated in patients with CD and UC, especially Escherichia coli, which has been isolated from the ileus of individuals with CD through biopsies in several studies [63].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? |
| 739,Bacteroides fragilis,colonic hyperplasia,"[12] indicated that antibody-mediated blockade of IL-17 and the receptor for IL-23, a key cytokine that amplifies T-helper 17 cell responses, inhibits enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis?induced colitis, colonic hyperplasia, and tumor formation.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and colonic hyperplasia? |
| 740,Klebsiella pneumoniae,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ,"Gram-negative bacteria, and particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are found to be overrepresented in SIBO[106,107], and this condition favors bacterial translocation and endotoxemia, thus representing a risk factor for the development of clinical decompensation events, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or HE[77].",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ? |
| 741,EHEC,diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC),Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is an enteric pathogen that causes foodborne disease ranging from uncomplicated diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans [1].,positive,What is the relationship between EHEC and diarrhea to hemorrhagic colitis (HC)? |
| 742,Chryseobacterium,GI disorders,"Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].",relate,What is the relationship between Chryseobacterium and GI disorders? |
| 743,Enterococcus faecalis,UTIs,"UTIs can be caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, but the most common pathogens are uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus mirabilis (34).",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and UTIs? |
| 744,Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium,colitis-like conditions,"Bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are commonly used in animal models to trigger colitis-like conditions (Jiminez et al., 2015).",positive,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and colitis-like conditions? |
| 745,Clostridium butyricum,tumor,"Again, in the setting of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, the probiotics Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum separately administered to cancer-induced mice significantly decreased tumor incidence and size, compared to injured mice not receiving probiotics.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and tumor? |
| 746,Dialister invisus,Crohn?s disease,"For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table).",negative,What is the relationship between Dialister invisus and Crohn?s disease? |
| 747,Clostridium difficile,pseudomembranous enterocolitis," Interestingly, it could be revealed after twenty years that Clostridium difficile caused antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous enterocolitis? |
| 748,Fusobacterium nucleatum,colon tumorigenesis,"In this review, the microbial influence on the development of CRC is examined, with a focus on bacterial pathogens such as the emerging human pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum that has been recently strongly associated with colon tumorigenesis.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colon tumorigenesis? |
| 749,Clostridium,Clostridium perfringens infection,"This Clostridium genus has been shown to be associated with necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens infection models [66,67].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and Clostridium perfringens infection? |
| 750,Porphyromonas gingivalis,pancreatic cancer,"The presence of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (strain ATCC 53978) has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, while the opposite is true for the presence of Neisseria elongate and Streptococcus mitis [121].",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and pancreatic cancer? |
| 751,Prevotella copri,arthritis,We have shown that some Japanese RA patients carry increased numbers of Prevotella copri in the intestine and have used gnotobiotic tools to show that a P. copri-dominated microbiota induced Th17 cell-dependent arthritis in mice [12].,positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and arthritis? |
| 752,Porphyromonas gingivalis,periodontal disease,"The Porphyromonas genus include Porphyromonas gingivalis, implicated in periodontal disease but also previously detected in oral cavities of healthy children, whilst the Fusobacterium genus include the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, a species widely present in the oral cavity but also considered to be an opportunistic oral pathogen.",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontal disease? |
| 753,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,IBD,"The butyric acid-producing anaerobic bacterium, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, is a novel probiotic used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and IBD? |
| 754,Escherichia coli,IBD,"Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli are associated with IBD and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis (Chassaing et?al., 2011).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and IBD? |
| 755,Streptococcus gallolyticus,tumor,"Intestinal bacteria with pro-carcinogenic properties, such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly bovis), Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides fragiles have been identified in fecal or tumor samples from human patients with adenoma and carcinoma [11?15].",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gallolyticus and tumor? |
| 756,Klebsiella spp,IBS,Greater levels of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp were found in all patients with IBS.,relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella spp and IBS? |
| 757,Clostridium,airway inflammation,"For example, B. fragilis and Clostridium species (cluster IV and XIVa), both intestinally restricted bacteria, can drive induction of T regulatory (Treg) cells and associated elevated secretion of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in mesenteric lymph nodes to mediate protection against allergic T-helper cell (Th-) 2 airway inflammation (Round et al., 2011) (Figure 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and airway inflammation? |
| 758,Klebsiella pneumoniae,osteomyelitis,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and osteomyelitis? |
| 759,Streptococcus,bacterial consortia infections,"Bifidobacterium and Labtobacillus are considered ?healthy bacteria?, and members of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, as well as Streptococcus, are frequently used as probiotic strains with evident health benefits such as immune-modulation, cancer prevention, inflammation management, and the control of diverse bacterial consortia infections [3,30,31].",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and bacterial consortia infections? |
| 760,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,COPD,"In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD.",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and COPD? |
| 761,Fusobacterium,IBD,"A positive correlation between the invasive potential of Fusobacterium and the severity of IBD in the host was also found (Strauss et al., 2011), suggesting that invasive strains of Fusobacterium may influence IBD pathology (Kostic et al., 2014).",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and IBD? |
| 762,Clostridium,hemorrhagic diarrhea,"Interestingly, it has been recently shown that an abundance of Clostridium species is associated with antibiotic-associated colitis and influenza in humans (31, 32), and hemorrhagic diarrhea in feedlot cattle (15).",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and hemorrhagic diarrhea? |
| 763,Clostridium butyricum,experimental colitis,"Studies have demonstrated that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an intestinal bacterium belonging to the Clostridium cluster, was reduced in abundance in Crohn?s disease,56 and Clostridium butyricum, as a probiotic, induces interleukin-10 production in macrophages in inflamed mucosa and prevents acute experimental colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and experimental colitis? |
| 764,Streptococcus pneumoniae,COPD,"In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and COPD? |
| 765,Enterococcus,CHB,"[13] have found that the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus significantly decreases, while the levels of harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus significantly increase in CHB and LC.",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and CHB? |
| 766,Parabacteroides,CD,"In addition, Parabacteroides is associated with Clostridium difficile-positive diarrhea and CD [51,52].",relate,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and CD? |
| 767,Bacteroides,CF,"It was noted that the levels of these pathways in Bacteroides, Lachnospiracheae, Clostridium and Enterococcus were significantly increased in the CF patients compared to the controls, which could contribute to the altered starch catabolic pathways.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides and CF? |
| 768,Anaerotruncus colihominis,bacteremia,"Though its major end-products include acetate and butyrate, generally regarded as beneficial metabolites, the clinical investigation of Anaerotruncus colihominis demonstrated its critical role in bacteremia.",relate,What is the relationship between Anaerotruncus colihominis and bacteremia? |
| 769,Bacteroides fragilis,tumor development in the colon,"Several bacterial populations, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to directly influence tumor development in the colon.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and tumor development in the colon? |
| 770,Bacteroidetes fragilis,colitis,"In contrast to the pathogenic nature of Fusobacterium in colon cancer, the bacterium Bacteroidetes fragilis exerts a protective effect against colitis by modulating inflammatory immune responses in the gut.",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroidetes fragilis and colitis? |
| 771,Escherichia coli,HUS,Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide (7).,positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and HUS? |
| 772,Enterococcus faecalis,colorectal cancer,"In colorectal cancer patients, treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Enterococcus faecalis decreased the abundance of pathogenic Fusobacterium, the prevalence of which is associated with both IBD and colorectal cancer.",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and colorectal cancer? |
| 773,Clostridiales,CDI,"In the multivariable analysis, cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone exposure, as well as a decrease in the abundance of Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI were significantly associated with CDI development.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and CDI? |
| 774,Clostridiales,IBD,"However, other family members within the order Clostridiales such as Ruminococcaceae as well as the Veillonellaceae within the order Selenomonadales are rather increased in patients with IBD,25 28 34 making general disease-related conclusions at these high taxonomic levels rather difficult.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and IBD? |
| 775,Proteus mirabilis,inflammatory bowel disease,"With a similar thought process, Klebsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis could be treated as the keystone pathogens in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the role of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in colon cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 776,Clostridium,neonatal sepsis,"Clostridium, Streptococcus, Chryseobacterium, Haemophilus, and Comamonas are involved in GI disorders, maternal inflammation, maternofetal immune activation, neonatal sepsis, bacteremia or meningitis, acute appendicitis, and childhood vaccination [38], [39], [40], [41], [42].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and neonatal sepsis? |
| 777,Lactobacillus acidophilus,glucose intolerance,"Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and glucose intolerance? |
| 778,Haemophilus,fungal rhinosinusitis,"Haemophilus and Pseudomonas were more abundant in the fungal rhinosinusitis group, but Fusobacterium and Corynebacterium were more abundant in the nonfungal rhinosinusitis group; this could be associated with bacterial?fungal (Aspergillus) interactions.",positive,What is the relationship between Haemophilus and fungal rhinosinusitis? |
| 779,Enterococcus,aerobic vaginitis (AV),"Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI).",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and aerobic vaginitis (AV)? |
| 780,Porphyromonas gingivalis,oral cancer,"Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral cancer? |
| 781,fusobacterium nucleatum,colon cancer,"Following more and more results showing gut microbiota to be risky or to contain pathogens of certain diseases, such as fusobacterium nucleatum, a risk to colon cancer, the long?term safety of FMT and current donor screening program need to be questioned and investigated.",positive,What is the relationship between fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer? |
| 782,Ruminococcus,NAFLD,"Nevertheless, some species from the Ruminococcus genus are pro-inflammatory and able to produce ethanol [79,80,81], two potential pathogenic mechanisms in the progression of NAFLD.",positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and NAFLD? |
| 783,Roseburia,CRC,"The abundance of several microbes, such as Streptococcus gallolyticus, Fusobacterium, B. fragilis, Escherichia Shigella, Peptostreptococcus ten were observed to be enriched in CRC patients versus control groups, while genera such as Bacteroides, Roseburia and Pseudomonas were significantly depleted in CRC patients.",negative,What is the relationship between Roseburia and CRC? |
| 784,Streptococcus,otitis,"In otitis media with effusion, Alloiococcus otitidis (23% average relative abundance), Haemophilus (22%), Moraxella (5%), and Streptococcus (5%) were found while the detection of Alloiococcus and Haemophilus correlated inversely and Haemophilus occurred more frequently in bilateral otitis media with effusion 75 .",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and otitis? |
| 785,Dorea longicatena,IBS,"Notwithstanding this evidence and the commercial interest, some nonbeneficial gut bacterial species (13, 14), such as Dorea longicatena, a species associated with several pathologies such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (15, 16), have been shown to feed on these compounds.",relate,What is the relationship between Dorea longicatena and IBS? |
| 786,Porphyromonas gingivalis,periodontal disease,"Leptotrichia amnionii and Sneathia sanguinegens (previously Leptotrichia sanguinegens) are known colonisers of the oral cavity and like other oral anaerobes implicated in the aetiology of periodontal disease such as Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Aggrigatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis, have also been associated with BV [74].",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and periodontal disease? |
| 787,Citrobacter rodentium,colitis-like conditions,"Bacteria such as Citrobacter rodentium, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium avium, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are commonly used in animal models to trigger colitis-like conditions (Jiminez et al., 2015).",positive,What is the relationship between Citrobacter rodentium and colitis-like conditions? |
| 788,Oscillospira,GI cancer,"Of note, Bilophila, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas are mostly negatively correlated with GI cancer genes, while Haemophilus, Oscillospira, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Acidaminococcus are only positively correlated with GI cancer genes (q value <?0.1).",positive,What is the relationship between Oscillospira and GI cancer? |
| 789,E. faecalis,liver cirrhosis,E. faecalis has also been associated with liver cirrhosis.,relate,What is the relationship between E. faecalis and liver cirrhosis? |
| 790,Fusobacterium,CRC,"Simultaneously, various opportunistic pathogens, able to induce inflammatory or metabolic disorders, including Campylobacter, Enterococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Fusobacterium are increased in CRC patients [49].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and CRC? |
| 791,Lactobacillus acidophilus,colorectal cancer,"For instance, the use of combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 314 and Lactobacillus fermentum NCIMB 5221 reduced cell proliferation and downregulated cellular proliferation marker in the in vivo model of colorectal cancer [9].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and colorectal cancer? |
| 792,uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC),UTIs,"UTIs can be caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, but the most common pathogens are uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus mirabilis (34).",positive,What is the relationship between uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) and UTIs? |
| 793,Fusobacterium,ulcerative colitis (UC),"The Fusobacterium species might be related to IBD, such as Crohn\'s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC).",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and ulcerative colitis (UC)? |
| 794,Ruminococcus gnavus,CDI,"Higher concentration of some species of Firmicutes such as Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus hansenii, and Clostridium nexile was associated with a greater risk of recurrence and development of CDI.",positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and CDI? |
| 795,Parabacteroides,CCa,"LEfSe analysis revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria, and the genus Parabacteroides, Escherichia_Shigells, and Roseburia were all significantly more abundant in the fecal samples from the patients with CCa and conversely, significantly less abundant in the fecal samples from healthy controls (Fig?5a).",positive,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and CCa? |
| 796,Enterococcus hirae,melanoma,"Administration of Akkermansia muciniphila, alone or in combination with Enterococcus hirae, restored response to anti-PD1 therapy in melanoma or sarcoma-bearing mice with depleted gut microbiota, as demonstrated by reduced tumor size.",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus hirae and melanoma? |
| 797,streptococcus,CRS,"Interestingly, in this investigation the prevalence of streptococcus viridians species decreased in CRS patient down to zero.",negative,What is the relationship between streptococcus and CRS? |
| 798,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,chronic periodontitis,"established that obese patients with chronic periodontitis had higher levels and/or greater proportions of several periodontal pathogens than those of normal weight, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eubacterium nodatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii, Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forthytia, Prevotella melaninogenica and Treponema socranskii.",positive,What is the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and chronic periodontitis? |
| 799,Parabacteroides distasonis,metabolic dysfunctions,Colonization with other succinate producers such as Parabacteroides distasonis has also proven effective for improving metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity [20].,negative,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides distasonis and metabolic dysfunctions? |
| 800,Clostridium butyricum,ulcerative colitis,"These include Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (Clostridium cluster I), demonstrated as safe in vitro and in rodents (26) and moderately effective in treating Helicobacter pylori infections (27), antibiotic-associated diarrhea (28), and preventing formation of postsurgery pouchitis in ulcerative colitis patients (29), and Bacteroides xylanisolvens DSM 23694, which induced generation of antibodies against the cancer-specific antigen TF? (30).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and ulcerative colitis? |
| 801,Fusobacterium,colorectal cancer,"In colorectal cancer, Fusobacterium has been reported to promote therapy resistance [22].",negative,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer? |
| 802,Klebsiella pneumoniae,liver abscess,"Another pathogenic bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae (belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae), associated with a wide range of infections, including cystitis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, bacteremia, septicemia, liver abscess, and wound infections [41,42,43] has been identified in our study.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and liver abscess? |
| 803,Bacteroides fragilis,colitis,"[12] indicated that antibody-mediated blockade of IL-17 and the receptor for IL-23, a key cytokine that amplifies T-helper 17 cell responses, inhibits enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis?induced colitis, colonic hyperplasia, and tumor formation.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and colitis? |
| 804,Bacteroides fragilis,colon tumors,"For instance, cefoxitin treatment resulted in complete clearance of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, a microbe that causes IL17A-dependent colon tumors.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and colon tumors? |
| 805,Fusobacterium nucleatum,periodontal inflammation,"The other species associated with periodontal inflammation, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra are a part of the ?orange? complex.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and periodontal inflammation? |
| 806,Prevotella,IBD ,"Patients with IBD have an expansion of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Prevotella, R. gnavus, and Veillonella.",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella and IBD ? |
| 807,Lactobacillus fermentum,psychological abnormalities,"Interestingly, the administration of probiotics (Lactobacillus fermentum strain NS9) reverses the physiological and psychological abnormalities induced by ampicillin in rats .",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and psychological abnormalities? |
| 808,Streptococcus,aerobic vaginitis (AV),"Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and aerobic vaginitis (AV)? |
| 809,Lactobacillus salivarius,mastitis,"The published paper describes the results at day 21, and concludes that women receiving Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus salivarius had less pain and risk of recurrence of mastitis than women in the antibiotic arm of the trial.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus salivarius and mastitis? |
| 810,R. gnavus,CD,"For example, R. gnavus was higher, but Ruminococcus obeum was lower in CD.",positive,What is the relationship between R. gnavus and CD? |
| 811,Clostridiales,IBS,"The present study also shows that individual psychiatric diseases, viz., depression and PTSD, have unique intestinal flora profiles and that dysbiosis, such as decreases in Clostridiales species, accompanying the onset of depression could promote the development of IBS.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and IBS? |
| 812,Collinsella aerofaciens,obese,"For example, the Collinsella aerofaciens were abundant among the obese BMI and within processed food category equating in both groups to a total of 6.5% of the gut microbiota population of the individuals in the group.",relate,What is the relationship between Collinsella aerofaciens and obese? |
| 813,Akkermansia muciniphila,colorectal cancer,"Finally, the murB gene, a specific marker for the presence of Akkermansia muciniphila, was also included in this study because of reports linking this species to colorectal cancer (Weir et al., 2013).",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and colorectal cancer? |
| 814,Escherichia coli,CD,"Enterobacteria are particularly elevated in patients with CD and UC, especially Escherichia coli, which has been isolated from the ileus of individuals with CD through biopsies in several studies [63].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and CD? |
| 815,Ruminococcus gnavus,inflammatory bowel disease,"Another potential target of interest could be Ruminococcus gnavus which belongs to the Lachnospiraceae family and has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (Joossens et al., 2011; Hall et al., 2017; Henke et al., 2019).",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 816,Haemophilus influenzae,bronchiectasis,Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterium found in patients with bronchiectasis.,relate,What is the relationship between Haemophilus influenzae and bronchiectasis? |
| 817,Enterococcus,experimental intestinal inflammation,"Various studies have suggested that commensal organisms, such as Enterococcus and Klebsiella species, drive the pathogenesis of experimental intestinal inflammation and human IBD.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and experimental intestinal inflammation? |
| 818,EHEC,neutrophilic inflammation,"In our model, Stx-negative EHEC is still capable of mounting a strong neutrophilic inflammation, which supports these data.",positive,What is the relationship between EHEC and neutrophilic inflammation? |
| 819,Moraxella,upper respiratory infection,"Nasal microbiota compositions characterized by Moraxella, Streptococcus, or Haemophilus have been reported to be associated with upper respiratory infection (URI) [12] asthma [13], AOM [12], pneumonia, or bronchiolitis [14, 15].",relate,What is the relationship between Moraxella and upper respiratory infection? |
| 820,Streptococcus pneumoniae,IPF,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and IPF? |
| 821,Prevotella melaninogenica,hypoxemia,"However, Prevotella melaninogenica was more consistently present among patients with hypoxemia, resulting in its higher ranking over Staphylococcus spp.",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella melaninogenica and hypoxemia? |
| 822,Parvimonas,colorectal cancer,"Several species of Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas were extensively enriched in cancer samples, including Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra, both of which are reportedly related to colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Parvimonas and colorectal cancer? |
| 823,Bifidobacterium longum,endotoxaemia,"The second study showed that long-term synbiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium longum and FOS) in sixty-six overweight non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients could reduce endotoxaemia, insulin resistance, steatosis and several metabolic and inflammatory parameters( 101 ).",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and endotoxaemia? |
| 824,Fn,tonsillitis,"[4] Using real-time PCR to study tonsillitis patients aged 18 to 32 years and healthy controls in Denmark, Jensen and colleagues found that 48% of 105 nonstreptococcal tonsillitis patients were positive for Fn compared to 21% of controls, suggesting that this organism may be a major cause of bacterial pharyngitis.",positive,What is the relationship between Fn and tonsillitis? |
| 825,Streptococcus,meningitis,"Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen that causes various diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, and endocarditis, which result in large economic losses in the pig industry.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and meningitis? |
| 826,Streptococcus,pneumonia illness,"It is known that early colonisation dominated by S. pneumoniae is a risk factor for pneumonia illness later in childhood, however in this population pneumococcal colonisation rates are high and there are not enough infants to determine whether being in the Streptococcus I dominated clusters in early life leads to a greater risk of pneumonia.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and pneumonia illness? |
| 827,Bilophila,GI cancer,"Of note, Bilophila, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas are mostly negatively correlated with GI cancer genes, while Haemophilus, Oscillospira, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Acidaminococcus are only positively correlated with GI cancer genes (q value <?0.1).",negative,What is the relationship between Bilophila and GI cancer? |
| 828,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,CRC,"The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species.",negative,What is the relationship between Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans and CRC? |
| 829,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Crohn?s disease,"Moreover, another study revealed the importance of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whose levels are low in patients with Crohn?s disease (CD).",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Crohn?s disease? |
| 830,Campylobacter,CRC,"Simultaneously, various opportunistic pathogens, able to induce inflammatory or metabolic disorders, including Campylobacter, Enterococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Fusobacterium are increased in CRC patients [49].",positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter and CRC? |
| 831,Lactobacillus brevis,mucositis,Head and neck cancer patients who were administered radiation and chemotherapy treatment and received Lactobacillus brevis oral-treatments with CD2 lozenges had a lower incidence of mucositis and greater treatment completion.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus brevis and mucositis? |
| 832,Bacteroides,HCC,"The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides and HCC? |
| 833,Corynebacterium,OM,"Studies by Pettigrew and coworkers have, similarly, shown that Corynebacterium and Dolosigranulum are protective for development of OM, and that Actinomyces, Rothia, Neisseria, and Veillonella are associated with an increased risk for development of AOM [48??].",negative,What is the relationship between Corynebacterium and OM? |
| 834,Lactobacillus,IBS,"For instance, it is known that abundance of the genus Veillonella is positively associated with IBS, while the relative abundances of genera Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and the species Collinsella aerofaciens are inversely associated with IBS.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and IBS? |
| 835,Fusobacterium nucleatum,OSCC,[34] reported that chronic infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemically induced OSCC in mice.,positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and OSCC? |
| 836,Escherichia coli,tumor,"Intestinal bacteria with pro-carcinogenic properties, such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly bovis), Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides fragiles have been identified in fecal or tumor samples from human patients with adenoma and carcinoma [11?15].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and tumor? |
| 837,Bacteroides fragilis,CD,"Two CD patients (labeled #10 and 11 in Figure 1) showed strong increases in the relative abundances of Bacteroides fragilis during active disease, i.e.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CD? |
| 838,Staphylococcus epidermidis,nosocomial infection,"In Staphylococcus epidermidis, a human commensal bacterium, but also a cause of nosocomial infection together with S. aureus, the CRISPR-Cas system occurrence is very low, so classical phage therapy can be used as an alternative to kill this bacterium, although some strains carry CRISPR-Cas systems with spacers matching known phages.",positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and nosocomial infection? |
| 839,Parabacteroides,HCC,"(2018) reported that 13 genera, including Gemmiger and Parabacteroides, were enriched in early HCC following progression from cirrhosis to HCC.",relate,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and HCC? |
| 840,Fusobacterium animalis,CRC-related,"For example, Zeller and Feng et al.showed that Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium vincentii, and Fusobacterium animalis were predictive in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which are among the tops of our list; in particular, F. nucleatum is a common CRC-related species which promotes tumor development [18,20,35].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium animalis and CRC-related? |
| 841,Streptococcus,asthma,"In addition, compared with noneosinophilic asthma, Firmicutes/Streptococcus and Actinomycetaceae were recently reported to be abundant in and positively associated with eosinophilic asthma.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and asthma? |
| 842,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,LAD,"A unique species detected in LAD was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium not typically harbored in subgingival plaque, that is associated with severe infections in immunocompromised hosts including LAD patients [3].",relate,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and LAD? |
| 843,Fusobacterium,neoplastic,"Antibiotic treatment of Fusobacterium-positive colon cancers mice-xenografts reduces tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation along with Fusobacterium load, which favors the hypothesis that Fusobacterium species is associated with neoplastic progression (5, 6).",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and neoplastic? |
| 844,Clostridium,MS,"Furthermore, MS patients treated with glatiramer acetate showed an increase in Bacteroidaceae, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillaceae, Clostridium, and other members of the class Clostridiales when compared with untreated MS patients.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and MS? |
| 845,Blautia obeum,HD,"On OTU level, we found an increase in Blautia obeum (or Ruminococcus obeum as it was previously termed32) in HD which may be an indicator of metabolic stress32.",positive,What is the relationship between Blautia obeum and HD? |
| 846,Akkermansia muciniphila,tumor,"Furthermore, at the species level, we also found that Alistipes shahii (Figure 6G), Akkermansia muciniphila (Figure 6H), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Figure 6I), Bacteroides acidifaciens and Lactobacillus johnsonii (Figure S5) were increased in EcN-respond mice compared with tumor bearing controls.",na,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and tumor? |
| 847,Clostridium cocleatum,tumor,"Interestingly, GpS treatment augmented the relative abundance of probiotics such as Clostridium cocleatum and Bacteroides acidifaciens modulated by tumor implantation [31].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium cocleatum and tumor? |
| 848,Fn,CRC,Another study found that Fn can migrate with CRC cells to metastatic sites and that CRC patients may benefit from eradication of Fn with antibiotic treatment [53].,relate,What is the relationship between Fn and CRC? |
| 849,Eubacterium eligens,adenoma,"At the species level, a significant increase in the levels of E. coli DNA was observed in the healthy samples compared to the adenoma and CRC samples (adjusted P value, <0.01) (Fig?1B) whereas the levels of Bifidobacterium catenulatum DNA and Eubacterium eligens DNA were decreased (adjusted P value, <0.01) (see Table S1B).",negative,What is the relationship between Eubacterium eligens and adenoma? |
| 850,Clostridium,CD,"Both clostridial clusters (Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium cluster XIVa) were significantly lower in HFD groups compared to CD groups (p < 0.0001).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CD? |
| 851,Bacteroides fragilis,CHD-NAFLD,"The abundance of Bacteroides fragilis and Sutterella wadsworthensis was also the lowest in CHD-NAFLD patients (the abundance of Bacteroides fragilis in CHD-NAFLD, CHD, HCs: 0.13732, 0.7190, 0.4431; the abundance of Sutterella wadsworthensis in CHD-NAFLD, CHD, HCs: 0.1305, 0.1496, 0.2934).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CHD-NAFLD? |
| 852, acidophilus,mastitis,Intramammary inoculation of a commercial probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei to cure mastitis has been found not to be efficient and caused a local inflammatory response [72].,na,What is the relationship between acidophilus and mastitis? |
| 853,Bacillus clausii,paediatric diarrhoea,Studies with Bacillus clausii did not assay for normal microbiota and had non-significant trial results for H. pylori eradication and the treatment of paediatric diarrhoea.,na,What is the relationship between Bacillus clausii and paediatric diarrhoea? |
| 854,Lactobacillus casei,hyperinsulinemia,"[19] demonstrated that, Dahi (containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei), a traditional India fermented milk product, demonstrated an inhibitory effect on development of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-induced diabetic rats.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and hyperinsulinemia? |
| 855,enterococcus,irritable bowel syndrome,"Individually selected and cultured probiotic strains of lactobacillus or enterococcus were successfully tested in the clinic on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and pneumonia (Suvorov, 2013).",na,What is the relationship between enterococcus and irritable bowel syndrome? |
| 856,Enterococcus,autoimmune diseases,"However, neither Enterococcus nor Sedimentibacter have been associated with dysbiosis in patients with RA or other autoimmune diseases.",na,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and autoimmune diseases? |
| 857,Fusobacterium,tumor,"(21) found that CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), including granulocytes/tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) and macrophages/tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), are more abundant in tumor tissues than normal tissue of Fusobacterium-fed APC Min mice.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumor? |
| 858,Lactobacillus acidophilus,HD,[65] observed that two months of synbiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in addition to inulin) altered the intestinal microbiota by increasing the count of Bifidobacteria in HD patients.,relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and HD? |
| 859,Escherichia coli,tumor,"Several bacterial populations, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to directly influence tumor development in the colon.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and tumor? |
| 860,Escherichia coli,allergic airway inflammation,"For example, intranasal exposure to the bacterium Escherichia coli was protective in the OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation model [34].",negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and allergic airway inflammation? |
| 861,Bacteroides acidifaciens,tumor,"Interestingly, GpS treatment augmented the relative abundance of probiotics such as Clostridium cocleatum and Bacteroides acidifaciens modulated by tumor implantation [31].",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides acidifaciens and tumor? |
| 862,NTHi,COPD,Altered and abnormal TLR/PRR expression: inaccurate responses to NTHi The intrinsically reduced expression of TLRs in COPD patients may also contribute to the impaired pulmonary immune response thus facilitating NTHi persistent colonization.,positive,What is the relationship between NTHi and COPD? |
| 863,Ruminococcus gnavus,IBD,"The most striking change was a twofold to threefold increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus in SpA, as compared with both RA and HCs that was significantly correlated with the disease activity only in patients with a history of IBD.",na,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and IBD? |
| 864,Clostridium,ASD,"Because this antibiotic is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and its spectrum of action covers Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium, it is possible that these microorganisms play a role in ASD development, especially as vancomycin discontinuation led to a reversion of ASD symptoms [83].",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? |
| 865,Fusobacterium nucleatum,tumor,"In the other hand, Helicobacter pylori was found to be differentially abundant between tumor and adjacent normal pairs with significant higher prevalence in adjacent tissue compared to tumor samples (n?=?23 and n?=?7, respectively), whereas Fusobacterium nucleatum was detected at very low abundance levels uniquely identified in 8% of tumor samples.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and tumor? |
| 866,Veillonella,oral squamous cell carcinomas,"The elevated abundance of Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella in this study should be considered in future research to explore the feasibility of being a salivary diagnostic predictor in Jordanian smokers for oral squamous cell carcinomas.",positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and oral squamous cell carcinomas? |
| 867,parabacteroides,colitis,"In particular, a decrease in the microbial diversity, a decrease in the proportion of the family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminoococcaceae, the increased level of the family Bacteroidaceae, the genus Bacteroides, and parabacteroides, and the increased levels of the species EF09600_s and EF604598 _s were similar to changes found in IBD patients, a CRC mouse model, and a colitis mouse model, respectively.",positive,What is the relationship between parabacteroides and colitis? |
| 868,Clostridium,RA,"Beyond that, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in relative expression units of Bifidobacterium (median: 195.7), Clostridium coccoides (median: 82.78), Clostridium coccoides-Eubacteria rectale (median: 60.17), Lactobacillus (median: 6.31), and Roseburia species (median: 795.1) in stool samples from RA patients, compared with controls (median Bif: 457.5; Ccoc: 48.86; CIEub: 41.37; Lac: 3,888; Ros: 1.535) (Figure 1).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and RA? |
| 869,Fusobacterium,tumor,"Metagenomic prediction suggested that Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Streptococcus appear to be largely responsible for case-associated enrichment of tyrosine metabolism in both tumor:tumor-adjacent and tumor:fecal comparisons.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumor? |
| 870,Clostridium difficile,IBD,"On the basis of the concept of repopulating the gut with a healthy microbiome, FMT has been successfully used in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and recommended for other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune disorders, certain allergic diseases, and metabolic disorders such as obesity [8].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and IBD? |
| 871,Fusobacterium,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and RAS? |
| 872,Ochrobactrum anthropi,endophthalmitis,"In addition, in subject 5 we detected Ochrobactrum anthropi, an agent that had been identified previously in eye infections such as endophthalmitis and keratitis20,21.",positive,What is the relationship between Ochrobactrum anthropi and endophthalmitis? |
| 873,Blautia wexlerae,cancer,"In contrast, Blautia wexlerae is less represented in cancer samples than in noncancer samples (P?=?0.04424).",negative,What is the relationship between Blautia wexlerae and cancer? |
| 874,Clostridium,liver NKT cell accumulation,"Vancomycin treatment, which depletes Clostridium, can increase liver NKT cell accumulation and block liver cancer development [10, 13].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and liver NKT cell accumulation? |
| 875,Parvimonas micra,periodontitis,"When the microbiota around failed implants was examined, we observed that Parvimonas, a genus that includes the periodontal pathogen Parvimonas micra, and Oribacterium, a genus not associated with periodontitis (23), were elevated relative to healthy implants.",na,What is the relationship between Parvimonas micra and periodontitis? |
| 876,Fusobacterium nucleatum,tumor,"In addition, mucosa-associated E.coli belonging to the B2 phylogroup is found to be more prevalent in CRC tissues, and is identified to encode cyclomodulin which is vital for colon epithelia cell mutation [26].To explore subsequently, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which belongs to Fusobacteria, has been isolated from tumor tissue and proved to be invasive in the in-vitro experiments.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and tumor? |
| 877,Clostridiales,Ulcerative Colitis,"For example, Clostridiales Ruminococcaceae, the second most important taxon in the RFC model, significantly more abundant in Ent+ individuals, has been found to be underrepresented in individuals suffering from Crohn?s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis [27].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and Ulcerative Colitis? |
| 878,Escherichia coli,CD,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and CD? |
| 879,Streptococcus uberis,dysbacteriosis,"Major pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus were also found in milk from animals with no evidence of inflammatory reaction, suggesting the hypothesis that the development of mastitis can be regarded more as a dysbacteriosis than a primary infection [16].",na,What is the relationship between Streptococcus uberis and dysbacteriosis? |
| 880,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,occult bacterial infection,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",na,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and occult bacterial infection? |
| 881,Klebsiella,CRC,"In addition, Fusobacterium nucleatum also has a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis in CRC [27].Furthermore, Zhao and his colleagues study the stool samples of CRC patients in China, and found find that Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus display a higher relative abundance in CRC patients, while Roseburia- and Lachnospiraceae-related OTUs dominat a high load in the healthy controls [28].",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and CRC? |
| 882,H. pylori,gastric cancer,"Our results showed an underrepresentation of H. pylori among the gastric microbiota of the patients with gastric cancer, while Fusobacterium and Clostridium were frequently enriched.",negative,What is the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer? |
| 883,Lactobacillus paracasei,colon carcinoma,"In another study, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 were found to upregulate ANGPTL4 in the colon carcinoma HCT116 cell line in a dose and time dependent manner while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron had no effect.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus paracasei and colon carcinoma? |
| 884,Streptococcus salivarius,Cirrhotic,"Cirrhotic patients with minimal HE (MHE) harbour a higher proportion of urease-producing Streptococcus salivarius in stool samples, positively correlating with serum ammonia accumulation13.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus salivarius and Cirrhotic? |
| 885,Ruminococcus gauvreauii,CAD,"Therefore, the lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus gauvreauii in CAD patients in our study might be the consequence of greater prevalence of diabetes mellitus or higher dietary intake of advanced glycation end products which has been linked to increased risk of CAD [37].",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gauvreauii and CAD? |
| 886,C. albicans,candidiasis,"The S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 inhibits adherence and filamentation of C. albicans, and in a murine model of infection candidiasis protected mice from severe candidiasis [82].",na,What is the relationship between C. albicans and candidiasis? |
| 887,Bacteroides caccae,tumor,"(119) metastatic melanoma patients ICI (including ipilimumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) Bacteroides caccae: enriched in all ICI responders High levels of anacardic acid, as microbial metabolites, could stimulate neutrophils and macrophages, and enhance T-cell recruitment to tumor metastases.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides caccae and tumor? |
| 888,Fusobacterium,liver cancer,"Our previous study showed that the tongue coating microbiome is unique among other human body microbiomes, and revealed two specific genera, Oribacterium and Fusobacterium, that could distinguish liver cancer (LC) patients from healthy subjects [12].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and liver cancer? |
| 889,Fusobacterium,CRC,"Species level: Higher number of Fusobacterium rDNA copies correlated positively with that of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, E. faecalis in CRC tissue when compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue Dejea et al[33] 2014 United States cohort: 30 CRCs, 6 adenomas and 22 healthy controls Malaysian cohort: 21 CRCs and 1 adenoma.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and CRC? |
| 890,Bifidobacterium bifidum,colorectal cancer,"We found some species that were distinctive of one disease only as it is the case for P. stomatis, P. micra and Gemella morbillorum in colorectal cancer, multiple Veillonella species in cirrhosis, and, partially, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lachnospiraceae in IBD.",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium bifidum and colorectal cancer? |
| 891,Lactobacillus casei,cancer,"In 1993, a phase III multicentered randomized controlled study on 223 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix showed that combining treatment with heat-killed Lactobacillus casei strains (LC9018) and radiation therapy enhanced tumor regression through the induction of immune response against cancer cells [119].",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and cancer? |
| 892,Psae,MDR Psae infection,"In fact, fecal Psae carriage before ICU admission has been shown to be associated with an ~15-times increased risk for subsequent Psae-induced nosocomial infection (7), which might even more likely mount in a fatal outcome, given that particularly antibiotics-treated ICU patients with concomitant severe comorbidities including immunosuppression are prone to MDR Psae infection arising from the indigenous gut microbiota (3, 11, 43).",positive,What is the relationship between Psae and MDR Psae infection? |
| 893,Ruminococcus torques,ASD,"We found beta-hexosaminidase (K12373) significantly more abundant in ASD group (13,815.45 ? 3,547.44 and 3,582.57 ? 564.94 in ASD and HCs, respectively, p < 0.05 after FDR correction); we also observed that high abundance of the mucin-degrading enzyme in ASD patients was concurrent with the increased level of Ruminococcus torques which is known to be a mucin-degrading bacterium (Figure 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus torques and ASD? |
| 894,Streptococcus,esophagitis,"The ratio of Streptococcus (Firmicutes) to Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) in the stomach mucosa (corpus and antrum) has previously been negatively correlated with hiatal hernia length (30), and reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes in esophageal biopsy samples was previously shown to be associated with esophagitis and Barrett?s esophagus (54).",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and esophagitis? |
| 895,Coprobacillus,NF,"We observed that Lactobacillus, Coprobacillus and Anaerotruncus genera have a higher abundance not only in CKD patients respect to controls, but also in F respect to NF patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Coprobacillus and NF? |
| 896,Clostridium,colitis,"Mouse microbiota with higher level of genera Clostridium XI, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus is associated with resistance to C. jejuni induced colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? |
| 897,Clostridiales,IBS,"Within the order Clostridiales, we noticed that conflicting results were reported for one family (Ruminococcaceae) being present at a high frequency in the included studies, with both increases (22,31) and decreases (26,31,32) being observed in patients with IBS.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and IBS? |
| 898,Fusobacterium,colorectal adenomas,"Our results for colorectal adenomas and increased Fusobacterium levels are similar to previously reported studies involving Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer [8], [10], [11].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal adenomas? |
| 899,Clostridium,CF,"Significantly higher abundance of Clostridium, Clostridium hiranosis, Eubacterium, and Faecalibacterium were found in CF patients who received AA therapy (S6 Table).",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CF? |
| 900,Clostridium difficile,metabolic syndrome,"Although recurrent Clostridium difficile infections are by far the most frequent use for the application of FMT, other FMT-treatable digestive diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and metabolic syndrome (Borody and Campbell, 2011; Vrieze et al., 2012; Weingarden and Vaughn, 2017).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and metabolic syndrome? |
| 901,Clostridium,inflammatory bowel disease,"Moreover, these Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa species represent only a small proportion of the microbial community in the inflammatory bowel disease patients (Frank et?al., 2007).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 902,Ruminococcus torques,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus torques and CD? |
| 903,Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334,colon cancer,"For example, the ferrichrome isolated from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 was demonstrated to have a strong tumor-suppressive effect on colon cancer cells.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 and colon cancer? |
| 904,NTHi,cancer,"The association or role of NTHi-induced airway inflammation in lung cancer progression, however, is not supported by another recent cohort study showing the lack of differences in NTHi specific-antibodies between cancer- and non-cancer COPD patients (12).",na,What is the relationship between NTHi and cancer? |
| 905,Escherichia coli,UC,"The study compared the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli in patients with psoriasis (including PV, guttate psoriasis and palmoplantaris pustulosis) and patients with both psoriasis and IBD (CD, Crohn\'s disease and UC, ulcerative colitis) to controls (Eppinga et al., 2016).",na,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? |
| 906,Desulfovibrio,GDM,"Increased gut abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis, Klebsiella variicola, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Collinsella, Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and reduced gut richness of Methanobrevibacter smithii, Alistipes species, Bifidobacterium species, Eubacterium species Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Roseburia, and Dialister were reported in GDM patients compared to normoglycemic controls (Figure 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and GDM? |
| 907,Fusobacterium,ulcerative colitis,"MT4, characterized by the overall low level of fecal metabolites, had a high abundance of Fusobacterium and Desulfovibrionaceae, which are known to be overrepresented in patients with colon cancer and ulcerative colitis and to be involved in inflammation (Ohkusa et al., 2003; Rowan et al., 2010; Castellarin et al., 2012; Figliuolo et al., 2017).",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and ulcerative colitis? |
| 908,Clostridium,EPG,"Bacteroides, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium had a slight negative correlation with EPG (Table 3); meanwhile, Atopobium, Actinomyces, and Granulicatella had a weak positive correlation with EPG (Table 3).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and EPG? |
| 909,Clostridium,diarrhea,"But because the time intervals that elapsed between samples were long, we cannot determine whether the increases in Clostridium group I or the detection of C. perfringens reflected causes or consequences of the episodes of diarrhea.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and diarrhea? |
| 910,Lachnoanaerobaculum,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Lachnoanaerobaculum and RAS? |
| 911,Clostridium butyricum,acute experimental colitis,"To elucidate the mechanism by which gut microbiota regulate intestinal macrophage IL-10 production, Hayashi et al.used macrophage-specific IL-10-deficient mice to demonstrate that Clostridium butyricum (CB), a distinct cluster I Clostridium strain, induces IL-10 production to ultimately prevent acute experimental colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and acute experimental colitis? |
| 912,Ruminococcus,ASD,"Interestingly, alterations in serum serotonin and cortisol, as well as fecal Bacteroides and Ruminococcus levels, have been described in patients with ASD. ",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and ASD? |
| 913,Enterococcus,RA,"However, neither Enterococcus nor Sedimentibacter have been associated with dysbiosis in patients with RA or other autoimmune diseases.",na,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and RA? |
| 914,Bacillus cereus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",na,What is the relationship between Bacillus cereus and gastric cancer? |
| 915,Bacteroides dorei,CHD-NAFLD,"Compared with HCs, the abundance of Bacteroides dorei was also reduced in CHD-NAFLD patients, though it was not statistically significant (the abundance of Bacteroides dorei in CHD-NAFLD and HCs:0.4443 and 1.3039).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides dorei and CHD-NAFLD? |
| 916,Clostridium,NMOSD,"Furthermore, molecular mimicry of NMOSD T cells between AQP4 and a Clostridium protein might contribute to NMOSD pathogenesis, whereas no cross-reaction of T cells and antibodies were so far observed in NMDAR encephalitis.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and NMOSD? |
| 917,Escherichia coli,gastrointestinal disease,"Quantitative PCR assays (qPCR) were performed for key bacterial taxa known to be altered in dogs with gastrointestinal disease (i.e., total bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Blautia, Fusobacterium, and Clostridium hiranonis) as previously described (18).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and gastrointestinal disease? |
| 918,Mogibacterium timidum,RAS,"Serum Levels of IgG Against Mogibacterium timidum are Elevated in Patients with RAS To analyze humoral response to bacteria and fungi, we measured serum levels of antibodies against bacteria Acinetobacter johnsonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Mogibacterium timidum and fungi Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in patients with Active or Passive stage of RAS and in healthy controls.",positive,What is the relationship between Mogibacterium timidum and RAS? |
| 919,AIEC,intestinal inflammation,"Addition of AIEC to this ecosystem perturbs microbiota composition, increases levels of bioactive lipopolysaccharide and flagellin, but only modestly promotes some parameters of intestinal inflammation and adiposity, suggesting that the phenotypes previously associated with loss of this innate immune receptor require disruption of a complex microbiota.",positive,What is the relationship between AIEC and intestinal inflammation? |
| 920,Klebsiella pneumoniae,urolithiasis,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and urolithiasis? |
| 921,Lactococcus,AD,"[96] on 27 AD patients and 6 healthy controls, the bacterial EV composition differs significantly between the two groups evaluated, with a marked reduction of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus EV proportions and an increase of those from Alicyclobacillus and Propionibacterium in AD patients with respect to controls.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactococcus and AD? |
| 922,Proteus mirabilis,bacterial infection,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",na,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and bacterial infection? |
| 923,Clostridium hathewayi,type 2 diabetes,"Metagenome?wide?association?study evaluation of the gut microbial metagenome data of 345 type 2 diabetes patients and non?type 2 diabetes Chinese individuals by Qin et al.28 showed that genes enriched in the type 2 diabetes group mainly comprised of opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacteroides caccae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbiosum, Eggerthella lenta and E. coli, which have been documented to result in human infections.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium hathewayi and type 2 diabetes? |
| 924,Helicobacter pylori,urolithiasis,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and urolithiasis? |
| 925,Prevotella stercorea,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella stercorea and CRC? |
| 926,Helicobacter pylori,gastritis,"Patients without Helicobacter pylori infection may also have gastritis including superficial, atrophic or even gastric cancer (Genta and Sonnenberg, 2015; Pogoriler et al., 2015; Horiuchi et al., 2016; Overby et al., 2017).",negative,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis? |
| 927,Escherichia coli,HD,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",na,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and HD? |
| 928,Clostridium perfringens,chronic enteropathy,A diet of hydrolyzed protein increases can lead to growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens in rats suffering from chronic enteropathy.,na,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and chronic enteropathy? |
| 929,Helicobacter pylori,gastroduodenal infections,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal infections? |
| 930,Clostridium,HF,"Although the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were not significantly different between the HF patients and healthy subjects, Dorea and Clostridium were less abundant in the HF patients than in the healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and HF? |
| 931,Clostridium difficile,metabolic syndrome,"The successes in treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea with microbiota manipulation recently increased the interest for this treatment in other diseases with proven disruption of gut microbiota, such as ulcerative colitis or metabolic syndrome [35].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and metabolic syndrome? |
| 932,Salmonella enterica,autoimmune diseases,"SFB-mediated Th17 cell differentiation can combat infection associated with pathogens, including C. rodentium,265 Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae61 while worsening autoimmune diseases such as EAE271,272 and autoimmune arthritis.273 Nevertheless, whether SFB-induced beneficial Th17 cells are sufficient to combat enteropathogenic infection is still controversial.",na,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and autoimmune diseases? |
| 933,Bacteroides uniformis,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides uniformis and CD? |
| 934,Helicobacter pylori,obesity,"It is known that Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcer, while Firmicutes are involved in obesity (Yu et al., 2014).",na,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and obesity? |
| 935,Listeria monocytogenes,campylobacteriosis,"In this study, mice were co-infected with Campylobacter jejuni and other pathogenic bacteria [Salmonella typhimurium, entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Listeria monocytogenes] to determine whether this multiple infection would lead to more severe campylobacteriosis in mice.",na,What is the relationship between Listeria monocytogenes and campylobacteriosis? |
| 936,Clostridium lavalense,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium lavalense and CD? |
| 937,Bacteroides fragilis,IBS,"Membership in the ME/CFS without IBS subgroup as compared with the control group was predicted by the relative abundance of Bacteroides caccae, P. capillosus, P. distasonis, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella buccalis, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and D. formicigenerans.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and IBS? |
| 938,Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum,irregular and complex dysplastic glands,"The histological section from the colon of mouse without feeding Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (B. pullicaecorum), one of butyrate-producing organisms, showed exophytic and bulky tumors, exhibiting irregular and complex dysplastic glands, to indicate intramucosal adenocarcinoma after 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induction.",na,What is the relationship between Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and irregular and complex dysplastic glands? |
| 939,Fusobacterium,colorectal carcinoma,"Hence, pathological and tumor molecular features of colorectal carcinoma may be present downstream in the causal sequence of events after the Fusobacterium variable, and adjusting for the tumor pathological and molecular features might cause biased results.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal carcinoma? |
| 940,Bacteroides vulgatus,AS,"[8] demonstrated decreased IgA antisera to Bacteroides vulgatus among AS patients, despite increased T cell proliferative responses to autologous Bacteroides [8]; the same group subsequently demonstrated decreased production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AS patients compared to controls [12].",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and AS? |
| 941,Psae,chronic colitis,"Hence, MDR Psae-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses were not restricted to the intestinal tract, but could also be observed systemically.Figure 6Splenic cytokine responses in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infected mice suffering from chronic colitis.",na,What is the relationship between Psae and chronic colitis? |
| 942,Enterococcus,prostate cancer,"The amount of Enterococcus in EPS in the prostate cancer group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that seen in the BPH group, while the amount of Enterococcus in urine of the prostate cancer group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to that noted in the BPH group (Figure 7).",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and prostate cancer? |
| 943,Enterococcus,epithelial precursor lesions,"Specifically, higher salivary levels of Solobacterium species and lower levels of Streptotoccus species were recorded in OSCC patients compared to leukoplakia patients [77], whereas salivary abundance of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Slackia species discriminated patients with OSCC from patients with epithelial precursor lesions [78].",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and epithelial precursor lesions? |
| 944,streptococcus,ALD,"In our case, the abundance of streptococcus tended to decrease in the monkeys of ALD, which indicates that the change of gut microbiota may be different between ALD, NAFLD, and obesity patients.",negative,What is the relationship between streptococcus and ALD? |
| 945,Enterococcus faecalis,CRC,"Studies have identified that several bacteria, such as F. nucleatum, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacteroides fragiles (B. fragilis) and Enterococcus faecalis, were increased in CRC patients [25], whereas the Clostridiales, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Bifidobacterium were absent [24,28] (Table 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and CRC? |
| 946,Bifidobacterium,melanoma,"In melanoma patients responding to iCPI more abundant species included Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Clostridiales, Rominococcus and Faecalibacterium, while low levels of Akkermansia muciniphila were observed in epithelial cancers not responding to iCPI (174).",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and melanoma? |
| 947,Escherichia coli,UC,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? |
| 948,Streptococcus,dry eye syndrome,"This core consists primarily of Staphylococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., and Haemophilus spp.19 Other studies suggest there are smaller and/or variable contributions from genera such as Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Ralstonia.16,19?21 16S sequencing identifies not only a core microbial community, but also differences in OSM in pathologic states including dry eye syndrome.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and dry eye syndrome? |
| 949,Akkermansia muciniphila,MS,"For instance, Akkermansia muciniphila, which was increased in MS patients, boosted Th1 cell differentiation.",positive,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and MS? |
| 950,Salmonella enterica,infectious gastroenteritis,"For example, infectious gastroenteritis caused by bacterial (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli 0157:H7), viral (norovirus), or protozoal (Giardia lamblia) pathogens increase the risk of post-infectious IBS.",positive,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and infectious gastroenteritis? |
| 951,Clostridium difficile,Diarrhea,"Diarrhea explained by other causes, responding to etiology-specific therapy, with negative stool tests for Clostridium difficile toxin B, were not considered as FMT failures.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and Diarrhea? |
| 952,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CD,No Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was identified on species level in the CD cases.,negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CD? |
| 953,Faecalibacterium sp.,melanoma,"The presence of Faecalibacterium sp. in the gut microbiome of melanoma patients was associated with anti-PD-L1 response, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Escherichia coli, and Anaerotruncus colihominis were associated with a lack of response [186].",na,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium sp. and melanoma? |
| 954,Fusobacterium,tumors,"Interestingly, the genera Roseburia, Fusobacterium and Faecalibacterium, which are moderately enriched in tumors belong to the major butyrate producing intestinal bacteria.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumors? |
| 955,Eubacterium limosum,UC,(72) found that GBF increased levels of Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium limosum and appeared to prolong remission in UC patients.,relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium limosum and UC? |
| 956,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CRC? |
| 957,AIEC,ulcerative colitis (UC),"In particular, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are enriched in ileal specimens from CD patients, in comparison to non-IBD patients; remarkably, however, AIEC were rarely found in samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (Boudeau et al., 1999; Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004; Martinez-Medina et al., 2009).",negative,What is the relationship between AIEC and ulcerative colitis (UC)? |
| 958,Klebsiella pneumoniae,AD,"For example, functional amyloid from Klebsiella pneumoniae can depolymerise from its fibrillary state to release oligomers which induce cytotoxicity equal to that caused by pathological Abeta in AD (Shahnawaz and Soto, 2012).",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and AD? |
| 959,Bifidobacterium longum,colitis,"Similary, there was no anxiolytic and behavioral influence of Bifidobacterium longum in vagotomized mice with chronic colitis, while an attenuation of psychological comorbidities of colitis was observed after administration of Bifidobacterium longum in mice with an intact vagus nerve signaling [43].",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and colitis? |
| 960,Clostridium bolteae,autism,"Only two species were found enriched in the patients, including an unclassified Coprobacillus bacterium and Clostridium bolteae, the latter of which is a frequently reported autism-associated bacterium (Pequegnat et al., 2013) that has also been found to be enriched in T2D patients (Qin et al., 2012).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium bolteae and autism? |
| 961,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,"Moreover, several potential bacterial candidates, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Enterobacter halii or Akkermansia muciniphila, have been identified and innovative mechanisms of action overriding their beneficial effects for insulin resistance/obesity have been elucidated.",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? |
| 962,Clostridium leptum,MM,"Actinobacteria, Clostridium leptum, and Rothia are the main bacteria involved in the intestinal glucose metabolism pathway, suggesting the dysregulated glucose metabolism pathway in the intestinal tract of MM patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium leptum and MM? |
| 963,MRSA,enteritis,"People are the natural reservoir of MRSA but its growth and reproduction is limited by other intestinal flora, rarely cause enteritis.",na,What is the relationship between MRSA and enteritis? |
| 964,Tannerella forsythia,individual oral infection,"For example, murine oral co-infection with Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum [9] or with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola [10] induces greater alveolar bone resorption than either species alone, while a polybacterial inoculum of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum elicits a unique immune/inflammatory response and physiologic changes compared to individual oral infection with each of the species [11?16].",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and individual oral infection? |
| 965,AIEC,CD,"Ampicillin/erythromycin-resistant AIEC LF82, isolated from a chronic ileal lesion of a CD patient, was used as the AIEC reference strain.21 Following strains were used during this study: L. rhamnosus GG (LMG 18243), L. reuteri 1063 (ATCC 53608), L. acidophilus NCFM (Danisco, Brugge, Belgium), L. mucosae LB219 and P. acidilactici LB1.19 Pure cultures of Lactobacillus sp.",na,What is the relationship between AIEC and CD? |
| 966,Lactobacillus acidophilus,colon cancer (CAC),"Research objectives The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum mixture on the intestinal microbiota composition, inflammation and neoplastic alterations in the colon during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and colon cancer (CAC)? |
| 967,Streptococcus mitis,pancreatic cancer,"Moreover, two bacterial biomarkers, Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis, have a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mitis and pancreatic cancer? |
| 968,LGG,parasitic infection,"Our results showed that pigs fed LGG and infected with A. suum had reduced levels of IL-13, a key cytokine regulating allergic responses to parasitic infection, eotaxin 3 (CCL26), one of the three related chemokines that specifically activates CCR3 receptor in eosinophils, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), suggesting an inhibition of eosinophil recruitment and function in TBLN draining the lungs of A. suum infected pigs.",na,What is the relationship between LGG and parasitic infection? |
| 969,Eggerthella lenta,epithelial integrity,"C. aerofaciens and Eggerthella lenta, another bacteria of the phylum Actinobacteria which had increased abundance in presence of blood, have also been reported as increasing gut permeability and lowering epithelial integrity in arthritis models [36, 37].",na,What is the relationship between Eggerthella lenta and epithelial integrity? |
| 970,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,hepatic encephalopathy,"Treatment with probiotics preparation containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Saccharomyces boulardii failed to produce any significant improvement in the various parameters assessed in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, when compared with placebo [52].",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and hepatic encephalopathy? |
| 971,Bifidobacterium infantis,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium infantis and gastric cancer? |
| 972,Fusobacterium nucleatum,periodontal disease,"The Porphyromonas genus include Porphyromonas gingivalis, implicated in periodontal disease but also previously detected in oral cavities of healthy children, whilst the Fusobacterium genus include the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, a species widely present in the oral cavity but also considered to be an opportunistic oral pathogen.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and periodontal disease? |
| 973, Parabacteroide,antimetabolic syndrome,"Through these, it exerts overall multitarget regulation and is a potential new type of antimetabolic syndrome probiotic.17 Some researchers have confirmed that anaerobic glycolysis inside tumor cells depletes extracellular glucose, which in turn limits T cell glucose utilization.18 By improving the host\'s glucose metabolism disorders, Parabacteroides might also improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.",na,What is the relationship between Parabacteroide and antimetabolic syndrome? |
| 974,Akkermansia muciniphila,disorders and inflammation,"Patrice D. Cani (Brussels, Belgium), Willem M. de Vos (Wageningen, The Netherlands) and collaborators have identified Akkermansia muciniphila as a potential target to treat cardiometabolic disorders and inflammation.",na,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and disorders and inflammation? |
| 975,Veillonella,PSC,"At the species level, seven taxa belonging to genera Rothia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella, were overrepresented, specifically in PSC patients, compared with both HCs and patients with UC (Table 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and PSC? |
| 976,Lactobacillus casei,colorectal cancer,Administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) to patients whose colonic polyps had been surgically removed significantly reduced the recurrence of colorectal cancer.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and colorectal cancer? |
| 977,Clostridiales,DSS colitis,(4) The MAFF-induced microbiota rich in Clostridiales enhances proliferation and regeneration of colonic epithelial cells during DSS colitis.,na,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and DSS colitis? |
| 978,Lactobacillus helveticus,hyperammonemia,The first hint to the answer came from a recent study where the efficacy of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 was tested in preventing cognitive decline and anxiety-like behavior in hyperammonemia rats.,na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and hyperammonemia? |
| 979,Escherichia coli,colon inflammation,"Figure 2 Usefulness of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, its phylogroups (PHGI and PHGII) and their index in conjunction to Escherichia coli to discriminate inflammatory bowel disease with colon inflammation and colorectal cancer by pooling all biopsy samples together (A) and by location of sampling (B).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and colon inflammation? |
| 980,Cardiobacterium,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Cardiobacterium and RAS? |
| 981,Clostridium,anxiety,"Monoassociation with Clostridium coccoides also reduced anxiety-like behavior, whereas monoassociation with Bifido infantis showed reduced activity in the OF and no changes in anxiety-like behavior compared to GF mice (Nishino et al., 2013).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and anxiety? |
| 982,BA,intrauterine growth retardation,"IUGR-BA piglets with intrauterine growth retardation fed the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-supplemented diet, IUGR-CON piglets with intrauterine growth retardation fed the control diet, NBW-CON piglets with normal birth weight fed the control diet The expression levels of genes related to apoptosis are summarized in Table?7.",na,What is the relationship between BA and intrauterine growth retardation? |
| 983,Bacillus cereus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacillus cereus and gastric cancer? |
| 984,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,tumor,"Interestingly, increase in the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was also found in EcN-treated mice compared to tumor bearing controls.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and tumor? |
| 985,Clostridium,ASD,"Because this antibiotic is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and its spectrum of action covers Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium, it is possible that these microorganisms play a role in ASD development, especially as vancomycin discontinuation led to a reversion of ASD symptoms [83].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? |
| 986,EHEC,differential epithelial lesions,"Specifically, we showed that exposure of EHEC to species-specific commensal metabolites alters transcription of chemotaxis-related genes and motility behavior in the bacterium, and ?fliC EHEC lacking the fliC gene that are non-motile did not produce differential epithelial lesions in the Hmm and Mmm groups.",na,What is the relationship between EHEC and differential epithelial lesions? |
| 987,Streptococcus,halitosis,"For instance, saccharolytic (sugar metabolizing) bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, have been associated with dental caries, while proteolytic (protein metabolizing) bacteria, such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas, have been associated with periodontitis and halitosis (40).",na,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and halitosis? |
| 988,Clostridium,colitis,"For example, induction of a transforming growth factor- (TGF-) ?-rich environment by indigenous Clostridium species enhances regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and function in the colon and the resistance to DSS-induced murine colitis [32, 35].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? |
| 989,Prevotella timonensis,HPV,"In our cohort, we detected an increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella timonensis and Sneathia sanguinegens in women infected with HPV or Polyomavirus during the asymptomatic phase of infection, event probably facilitated by a steady state level of pro-inflammatory status characterizing the vaginal environment of these women.",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella timonensis and HPV? |
| 990,Hp,inflammation,"Furthermore, a recent animal experiment demonstrated that INS-GAS mice co-infected with Hp and Streptococcus salivarius developed more severe inflammation, hyperplasia, and dysplasia in the stomach when compared with Hp only at 5 months post-infection.",positive,What is the relationship between Hp and inflammation? |
| 991,Fusobacterium,adenomas,"Although there is increasing evidence that Fusobacterium is involved in CRC cases, it was detected in less than half of adenomas, which suggests that other bacterial populations are capable of potentiating tumorigenesis [2].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and adenomas? |
| 992,Bacteroides uniformis,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides uniformis and CD? |
| 993,Fusobacterium,COPD,"Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Fusobacterium were identified as the four core bacterial genera with significant differences among patients with COPD and periodontitis, patients with periodontitis alone, and HCs.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and COPD? |
| 994,Escherichia,RS,"Within our own initial datasets, we addressed this issue by using several approaches and observed increased abundances of Escherichia/Shigella when stool samples were mailed to the research laboratory and received after 3 days (RS) or after 5 days (GenR) in the post.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and RS? |
| 995,Prevotella copri,RA,"Other studies using 16S rRNA microbiota analysis have indicated changes in different bacterial genus ranging from reductions in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas to another study indicating that a subpopulation of early RA patients had increased prevalence of Prevotella copri; however, it should be noted that these observed microbiome changes may also be a result of RA disease state [30, 31].",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and RA? |
| 996,ETEC,diarrhoea,"High-dose administration of the probiotic increased the incidence of diarrhoea before ETEC F4 challenge despite the fact that both doses ameliorated ETEC F4-induced diarrhoea, with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts accompanied by reduced coliform shedding in faeces.",na,What is the relationship between ETEC and diarrhoea? |
| 997,Lactococcus lactis,vivo infection,"Our previous results (4) indicate that LLS is able to modulate the growth of Lactococcus lactis, Staphylococcus aureus, and L.?monocytogenes lineage II strains as well as representatives of the Allobaculum and Alloprevotella genera during in vivo infection (4).",relate,What is the relationship between Lactococcus lactis and vivo infection? |
| 998,Neisseria elongata,pancreatic cancer,"Moreover, two bacterial biomarkers, Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis, have a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Neisseria elongata and pancreatic cancer? |
| 999,Streptococcus gallolyticus,colon tumors,"For example, Streptococcus gallolyticus (In the past Streptococcus bovis) is reported in nearly 20?50% and 5% of colon tumors and normal colon respectively.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gallolyticus and colon tumors? |
| 1000,Bacteroides vulgatus,ASD,(b) A lower abundance of the usually highly abundant Bacteroides vulgatus is significantly correlated with lower levels of d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolic pathways in the guts of ASD children.,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and ASD? |
| 1001,NTHi,mucosal epithelium,"Another virulence factor that has been reported by Murphy and co-workers to play a pivotal role for NTHi survival in COPD settings is IgA-protease, a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in the mucosal epithelium (226?228).",na,What is the relationship between NTHi and mucosal epithelium? |
| 1002,Lactobacillus,AD,"[96] on 27 AD patients and 6 healthy controls, the bacterial EV composition differs significantly between the two groups evaluated, with a marked reduction of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus EV proportions and an increase of those from Alicyclobacillus and Propionibacterium in AD patients with respect to controls.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and AD? |
| 1003,Porphyromonas endodontalis,gingivitis,"Approximately 46% of the assigned OTUs were more abundant in diseased individuals (particularly in patients with gingivitis), while few classified OTUs were predominant in samples from PH individuals, including known oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella tannerae.",na,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas endodontalis and gingivitis? |
| 1004,Clostridium,necrotic enteritis,"Dietary supplementation of chickens with virginiamycin decreased intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens35, and decreased the severity and mortality due to necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens36, both compared with unsupplemented controls.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and necrotic enteritis? |
| 1005,Clostridium,ASD,"A reduced capacity for nutrient digestion and transport in children with ASD has been related to increased levels of Clostridium species, Bacteriodetes depletion, and loss of metabolites related to energy homeostastis (e.g disaccharidases, hexose transporters) (Williams et?al., 2011).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? |
| 1006,Prevotella copri,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and CRC? |
| 1007,Porphyromonas gingivalis,diabetes mellitus,"(25) described the association of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis isolated in samples from root canals with necrotic pulp and a history of diabetes mellitus (OR > 2), but the sample was too small to establish any definitive association.",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and diabetes mellitus? |
| 1008,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,cystic fibrosis,"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, versatile, opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis? |
| 1009,Eggerthella lenta,DM,"Interestingly, Eggerthella lenta, which was not detected in the DM cohort, was found in the DM+HT cohort.",na,What is the relationship between Eggerthella lenta and DM? |
| 1010,CD,CDI,"Consequently, in vitro models lacking host factors may only provide partial understanding of the CD colonization mechanisms involved with CDI.",relate,What is the relationship between CD and CDI? |
| 1011,Neisseria flavescens,OSCC,"Despite significant inter-individual variation, 14 species were detected across all samples, including Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella scopos, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Gemella sanguinis, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense, Veillonella atypica, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria flavescens, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and constituted the oral mucosal core bacteriome of the OSCC patients.Figure 2Composition of bacterial communities across samples at the phylum and genus levels.",positive,What is the relationship between Neisseria flavescens and OSCC? |
| 1012,Fusobacterium,pancreatic cancers,"Detection of Fusobacterium species in cancer tissue specimens of pancreatic cancer We assessed 302 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens of pancreatic cancers using the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay for Fusobacterium species and obtained 283 (94%) positive results.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and pancreatic cancers? |
| 1013,Fusobacterium nucleatum,colitis,"On the other hand, Fusobacterium nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation- associated intestinal carcinogenesis, which is contrary to the role of other colon cancer-associated bacteria [71].",negative,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colitis? |
| 1014,Escherichia,osteoporosis,"In contrast, the abundances of members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families, such as Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia/Shigella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Succinivibrio and Desulfovibrio, were enriched in the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and osteoporosis? |
| 1015,Fusobacterium,UUI,"The abundance of Fusobacterium was lower in the EDM group, although it has previously been shown to increase in patients with UUI [37].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and UUI? |
| 1016,Fusobacterium,colorectal adenomas,"This was the first Portuguese study using this method to determine the Fusobacterium spp load in both colorectal adenomas or carcinomas and paired normal tissue, making it possible to measure total and specific bacterial DNA copies in the very same reaction with clear cost-effective advantages for the clinical setting.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal adenomas? |
| 1017,Clostridium perfringens,intestinal adenoma,"High DCA concentrations (>1?mmol/L) inhibit the growth of many intestinal bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, lactobacilli, and bifidobacteria in vitro.32 Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the interaction between bile acids and the gut microbiota controls the progression of intestinal adenoma.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and intestinal adenoma? |
| 1018,Roseburia inulinivorans,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",positive,What is the relationship between Roseburia inulinivorans and CD? |
| 1019,Ruminococcus,atherosclerosis,"In studies of other cohorts, less clear dominance of the genus Ruminococcus and stronger clustering around the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella have been found, yet both long-term diet and disease (atherosclerosis) have been linked to these enterotypes.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and atherosclerosis? |
| 1020,Dialister invisus,IBD,"The genera Acinetobacter and Bacteroides are increased significantly in IBD patients during the active phase (Andoh et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2015), though a massive amount of Dialister invisus has been identified in the state of inactivity or dormancy in the gut of patients with IBD (Schirmer et al., 2018).",negative,What is the relationship between Dialister invisus and IBD? |
| 1021,Streptococcus,periodontitis,"The healthy group dominated by Streptococcus sp., the gingivitis group was composed mostly by the genera Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus, and Leptotrichia and the periodontitis group with a high abundance of Porphyromonas.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and periodontitis? |
| 1022,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,tumor,"Furthermore, at the species level, we also found that Alistipes shahii (Figure 6G), Akkermansia muciniphila (Figure 6H), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Figure 6I), Bacteroides acidifaciens and Lactobacillus johnsonii (Figure S5) were increased in EcN-respond mice compared with tumor bearing controls.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and tumor? |
| 1023,Bacteroides dorei,PD,Interestingly we have identified (with databank RDP v11.4) an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides dorei in PD groups compared to HD and ND groups (Figure 6C).,positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides dorei and PD? |
| 1024,Mycobacterium avium,CD,"With CD in particular, individual species such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis or Escherichia coli have been implicated in disease aetiology [20,21] while the emerging ""dysbiosis"" hypothesis implicates multi-species assemblages in an overall imbalance between harmful and protective bacteria [22,23].",relate,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium and CD? |
| 1025,Fusobacterium,gastric cancer,"Recent studies showed that Fusobacterium species are detected in gastrointestinal tract cancers, such as gastric cancer [34] and colorectal cancer [26, 29, 30]; however, published studies have not examined the relationship of Fusobacterium species with the cancer outcome in a large sample (n > 100) of such patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gastric cancer? |
| 1026,Actinomyces neuii,UUI,"Also, Actinobaculum schaalii, Actinomyces neuii, Aerococcus urinae, Arthrobacter cumminsii, Corynebacterium coyleae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Oligella urethralis, and Streptococcus anginosus were more frequently isolated from UUI women (see Table?S2 in the supplemental material).",positive,What is the relationship between Actinomyces neuii and UUI? |
| 1027,Streptococcus,PSC,"At the species level, seven taxa belonging to genera Rothia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella, were overrepresented, specifically in PSC patients, compared with both HCs and patients with UC (Table 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and PSC? |
| 1028,Fusobacterium,pancreatic cancer,"Although neither CIMP status nor MLH1 methylation correlate with tumor Fusobacterium species status, our results show that the CIMP-high status is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of pancreatic cancer.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and pancreatic cancer? |
| 1029,EAEC,diarrhea,"It is worth noting, however, that the association between bacterial pathogens and RV1 response was contingent on the exclusion of EAEC, which we omitted from primary comparisons because of its high prevalence and limited association with diarrhea during previous studies in resource-poor settings using TACs.",na,What is the relationship between EAEC and diarrhea? |
| 1030,Escherichia,UC,A marginal inverse correlation between Escherichia phage and Escherichia genus bacteria in UC mucosa was observed (figure 7B).,negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia and UC? |
| 1031,Yersinia enterocolitica,IBD,"[2] showed that individual T cell clones from IBD patients were reactive to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica.",relate,What is the relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica and IBD? |
| 1032,Streptococcus salivarius,IBD,"Two facultative anaerobes showed increased abundance in IBD patients (Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis), whereas six anaerobes showed decreased abundance in the IBD samples (including Blautia obeum and Alistipes putredinis; Additional file 3: Table S3).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus salivarius and IBD? |
| 1033,Fn,CRC,"These findings not only suggest the immense potential of Fn as a clinically actionable biomarker for precise treatment in stage III/IV patients, but also provide a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for them that targeting Fn may be helpful for preventing CRC metastasis and improving chemotherapy efficacy.",negative,What is the relationship between Fn and CRC? |
| 1034,Desulfovibrio,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,Xie et al.found that Desulfovibrio was markedly increased in STZ-HFD-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and was positively correlated with LPS levels [53].,positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis? |
| 1035,Klebsiella,colitis,"In summary, our study demonstrates that cinobufacini could modulate the composition of the intestinal flora and restore the relative abundances of vital bacteria including Klebsiella, Proteus, Entrobacter and Bacteroides, preventing the imbalance of gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and colitis? |
| 1036,Enterococcus faecalis,colon cancer14,"Oxygen free radicals in the intestinal environment can have a negative influence on intestinal homeostasis; specifically, O2?? is reportedly produced in the colon of rats inoculated with a specific strain of Enterococcus faecalis, and this radical has been implicated in colon cancer14.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and colon cancer14? |
| 1037,enterococcus,pneumonia,"Individually selected and cultured probiotic strains of lactobacillus or enterococcus were successfully tested in the clinic on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and pneumonia (Suvorov, 2013).",relate,What is the relationship between enterococcus and pneumonia? |
| 1038,Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895,colorectal cancer,"Since different strains were available for these species, only strains described in human colorectal cancer and available in biocyc.org were chosen: Fusobcterium nucleatum animalis 11_3_2; Microbacterium testaceum 87StLB037; Slackia exgua ATCC 700122 and Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895.",relate,What is the relationship between Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895 and colorectal cancer? |
| 1039,Brucella,ASD,"Furthermore, when the taxa abudance between ASD and DD children were compared, two taxa were elevated in children with ASD, Brucella (FDR?=?0.05) and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF (FDR?=?0.05), while one taxa (Flavobacterium sp.",positive,What is the relationship between Brucella and ASD? |
| 1040,Mycobacterium avium,IBD,"Species-level analysis also failed to identify any pathogenic species that have been previously associated with IBD such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Yersinia spp or Listeria spp.",relate,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium and IBD? |
| 1041,Blautia coccoides,RA,"No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31].",relate,What is the relationship between Blautia coccoides and RA? |
| 1042,Streptococcus,CD,"Similarly, Streptococcus and Fusicatenibacter were found in higher levels in MP than in CD and DU (p = 0.021?0.043).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and CD? |
| 1043,Klebsiella pneumoniae,gut dysbiosis,"We found that the increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae in alcohol-fed animals is, in part, mediated by gut dysbiosis, as alcohol-na?ve animals recolonized with a microbiota isolated from alcohol-fed mice had an increased K. pneumoniae burden compared to mice recolonized with a control microbiota.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and gut dysbiosis? |
| 1044,Veillonella,periodontitis,"On the other side, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Fusobacterium are genera in which different species have been related to healthy and diseased conditions (caries, periodontitis, halitosis and even oral cancer) [21?25].",relate,What is the relationship between Veillonella and periodontitis? |
| 1045,Enterococcus faecalis,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and gastric cancer? |
| 1046,Ruminococcus,CD,"To further support these claims, we also examined the anaerobic bacteria F. plautii and Ruminococcus sp., which display increased ICI in CD patients compared to non-IBD patients and were isolated live from our pediatric cohort.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and CD? |
| 1047,GBS,maternal infection,Maternal UTI during pregnancy and maternal GBS captured using ICD-9-CM codes served as our indicator of maternal infection and antibiotic use during pregnancy.,relate,What is the relationship between GBS and maternal infection? |
| 1048,Salmonella enterica,advanced solid tumours,"Additionally, a Salmonella enterica flagellin derivative (CBLB502), is under investigation for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumours.",relate,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and advanced solid tumours? |
| 1049,Ruminococcus gnavus,CHD,"Therefore, in this study, Ruminococcus gnavus might show different characteristics in two different diseases of CHD-NAFLD and CHD and further research was needed.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and CHD? |
| 1050,Clostridium,atopic disease,"Infants fed formula from ruminant milk, lacking fucosylated RMOs, display lower abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium relative to increased abundances of Clostridium, Bacteroides, and members of the Enterobactereaceae family, which may result in a predisposition to colitis and atopic disease later in life [42].",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and atopic disease? |
| 1051,S. pneumoniae,influenza A virus infection,"Specifically, S. pneumoniae has been shown to establish a mutually beneficial relationship with the influenza virus, with studies suggesting that influenza A virus infection can enhance the transmission of S. pneumoniae.44,45 Wen et?al.",positive,What is the relationship between S. pneumoniae and influenza A virus infection? |
| 1052,Propionibacterium acnes,periodontitis,"A few years before, in 2012, the same author, together with R??as (11), isolated Propionibacterium acnes (52% prevalence), as the most frequently present microorganism in cases of post-treatment apical periodontitis.",positive,What is the relationship between Propionibacterium acnes and periodontitis? |
| 1053,Citrobacter freundii,atrophic gastritis,"False-positive results were observed in case of adult patients with acid-free stomach, caused by atrophic gastritis or a long-term use of PPIs, where urease-positive bacterial species such as Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae were cultured.",na,What is the relationship between Citrobacter freundii and atrophic gastritis? |
| 1054,Lactobacillus sakei,colitis,"In this context, the administration of Lactobacillus sakei, a bacterium isolated from the traditional seed mash used for brewing sake, showed the capacity to ameliorate colon shortening and MPO activity, as well as the infiltration of antigen presenting cells (APC) into the colon in the TNBS-induced colitis model.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus sakei and colitis? |
| 1055,Proteus mirabilis,gastroduodenal infections,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and gastroduodenal infections? |
| 1056,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Clostridium botulinum,"Accordingly, Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia pickettii, Salmonella enterica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Aspergillus ostianus, A. sydowii, Penicillium citrinum, and P. steckii have been detected.",na,What is the relationship between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Clostridium botulinum? |
| 1057,Fusobacterium,colorectal cancer,"Similarly, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucletum are identified to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue compared to the matched tissue, and Fusobacterium nucletum is proved to be associated with high microsatellite instability [24].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer? |
| 1058,Lactobacillus casei,diabetes,"Oral inoculation (0.05%) or diet supplementation (0.1%) of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei in several mouse models including KK-Ay mice, NOD mice, and Alloxan-induced diabetic mice led to reduced plasma glucose level and diabetes development (171, 172).",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and diabetes? |
| 1059,Bacteroides fragilis,CRC,For example polysaccharide A (PSA) in Bacteroides fragilis inhibited CRC cell proliferation by controlling the cell cycle and impaired CRC cell migration and invasion by suppressing EMT (23).,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CRC? |
| 1060,SA,hypogammaglobulinemia,"On the other hand, non-SA carriers seemed to have lower CD4 counts and a steeper decline of total Ig after 2 g of RTX and were more prone to infections and to discontinue RTX due to hypogammaglobulinemia.",na,What is the relationship between SA and hypogammaglobulinemia? |
| 1061,Enterococcus,UC,"There were four genera significantly altered in all the PSC subgroups as compared with healthy controls?Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium, all but the latter exclusively associated?with PSC dysbiosis, and not with UC nor CD dysbiosis (figure 3B).",na,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and UC? |
| 1062,Lactobacillus acidophilus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and gastric cancer? |
| 1063,Hp,ulcer disease,Molecular interaction between streptococci and Hp may play a role in ulcer disease and deserves further investigation.,relate,What is the relationship between Hp and ulcer disease? |
| 1064,Clostridium,intestinal disorder,Bloom of a novel Clostridium species characterizes the ERE onset ERE is an intestinal disorder that develops very rapidly (rabbits diminish food intake abruptly and other signs of the disease appear within 48?h after disease initiation [8]).,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and intestinal disorder? |
| 1065,Clostridium,atherosclerosis,"In contrast, HF diet induced significant increase in abundances of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium (p?<?0.05), of which Clostridium and Bifidobacterium showed significant positive correlations with atherosclerotic lesion size at the sinus, aortic tree, plasma A-FABP, cholesterol, MMP-9 or sE-selectin (Fig?4).Fig 4Heat map describing the correlation of the alpha diversity and abundances of different colonic bacterial genera and atherosclerosis parameters.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and atherosclerosis? |
| 1066,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,"Postulated bacterial targets include: Akkermansia muciniphila, Lower numbers of this bacterium have been associated with diabetes, obesity, and IBD (31), and supplying a gluten-free diet to mice increased fecal levels of Akkermansia species (32).",negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? |
| 1067,Lactobacillus fermentum,systemic inflammation,"In combination with Lactobacillus fermentum, FOS were effective in preventing intestinal permeability, systemic inflammation, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance without inducing an innate immune system reaction at the intestinal level during high fat diet (61).",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and systemic inflammation? |
| 1068,Fusobacterium nucleatum,tumor,"Several bacterial populations, including Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been shown to directly influence tumor development in the colon.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and tumor? |
| 1069,Clostridium difficile,nosocomial GI?infection,"Clostridioides difficile (previously?named Clostridium difficile 1) infection (CDI) is the major global cause of nosocomial GI?infection, with incidence rates increasing worldwide.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and nosocomial GI?infection? |
| 1070,Escherichia coli,PWD,"However, all of the proposed putative pathogens including also Campylobacter jejuni, rota-, calici-, and mink coronavirus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus delphini have also been isolated from clinically healthy kits, so their role in PWD remains elusive [10?13].",na,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and PWD? |
| 1071,Helicobacter pylori,immunodeficiency,"In most cases, minimal lesions are attributable to other causes, including food allergies (e.g., cow milk proteins), Crohn?s disease, lymphocytic colitis, bacterial and parasitic intestinal infections, such as Giardia, common variable immunodeficiency, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori infection (Box 1) [125?127].",na,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and immunodeficiency? |
| 1072,Fusobacterium,cancer,"The candidate reason for observed poor prognosis may due to the inverse association between Fusobacterium nucletum and the infiltrated T-cell amount, which has a negative correlation with cancer, in the cancer sites [108].",negative,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and cancer? |
| 1073,Ruminococcus gnavus,UC,"We observed a significant decrease of Ruminococcus gnavus in all diseased individuals, Png et al[46] described a manifold increase of this mucin-degrading species in the colonic mucosa of both CD and UC patients.",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and UC? |
| 1074,Blautia faecis,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Blautia faecis and CD? |
| 1075,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,"The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila, widely studied for its anti-inflammatory effects, has been shown to be in close proximity to the intestinal epithelium, supporting the hypothesis that A. muciniphila plays a role in mutualistic interactions between the gut microbiota and host that controls gut barrier functions as well as other physiological processes that occur in obesity [113].",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? |
| 1076,Lactobacillus reuteri,rheumatoid arthritis,"Out of several hundreds of candidate strains, we selected Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Streptococcus thermophiles; mixture of these was named IRT5.22 Administration of IRT5 suppressed the development and progression of experimental autoimmune uveitis,23 multiple sclerosis,24 myasthenia gravis,25 rheumatoid arthritis,22 age-dependent colitis26 and allergic contact hyper-sensitivity (unpublished data).",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus reuteri and rheumatoid arthritis? |
| 1077,Lactococcus lactis,colitis,A mutant of Lactococcus lactis NZ3900 that produces mCRAMP was tested in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis for seven days.,na,What is the relationship between Lactococcus lactis and colitis? |
| 1078,Bacteroides fragilis,DSS-induced colitis,"For example, TLR2 knockout mice demonstrated gut dysbiosis and aberrant immune responses, which were essential for Bacteroides fragilis-mediated prevention of DSS-induced colitis.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and DSS-induced colitis? |
| 1079,PA,inflammatory bowel disease,Recent surveys revealed that intestinal PA detection rates were higher in patients with intestinal inflammatory morbidities including irritable bowel syndrome [17] or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis [18].,positive,What is the relationship between PA and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 1080,Bifidobacterium breve,tumor,"Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve M-16V to the experimental NEC rats significantly decreased the expression of TLR-4, enhanced the expression of TLR-2, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha that resulted from NEC induction.",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium breve and tumor? |
| 1081,Akkermansia muciniphila,tumors,"The abundance of Akkermansia is inversely related to mouse body weight, which contrasts the positive correlation of Bacteroides with high-fat and high-protein diets.33 Recent studies have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila can improve immunotherapy for epithelial-derived tumors.34 Therefore, the correlation between liver cancer and Akkermansia still needs further exploration.",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and tumors? |
| 1082,Escherichia,IBD,"Interestingly, Proteobacteria (Shigella/Escherichia) was among the top five dysbiosis?contributing bacterial groups for both IBS and IBD, implying similarities in dysbiosis between IBS and IBD.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and IBD? |
| 1083,Clostridium difficile,inflammatory bowel disease,"Most clinical experience with FMT to date has been in relation to the treatment of Clostridium difficile infections.11,12 However, FMT may also be effective in the treatment of other conditions associated with dysbiosis, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and metabolic syndrome.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease? |
| 1084,Akkermansia muciniphila,psoriasis,"The skin microbiota in psoriasis patients seems to be less diverse when compared to healthy persons with a decrease in Coprococcus species[76], and more recently Akkermansia muciniphila[85].",negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and psoriasis? |
| 1085,Lactobacillus acidophilus,FMF,"The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus INMIA 9602 Er 317/402 strain (Narine, Vitamax-E, Armenia) were prescribed to patients in each Narine FMF group.",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and FMF? |
| 1086,Lactobacillus gasseri,schizophrenia,"Of these, the largest effect was observed in Lactobacillus gasseri, which appeared to be at least 400 times more abundant in schizophrenia patients than controls (log2 = 8.4 ? 1.2 standard error).",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus gasseri and schizophrenia? |
| 1087,Lactobacillus acidophilus,hyperinsulinemia,"[19] demonstrated that, Dahi (containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei), a traditional India fermented milk product, demonstrated an inhibitory effect on development of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-induced diabetic rats.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and hyperinsulinemia? |
| 1088,Prevotella copri,bacterial infection,"Among the bacteria constituting the intestinal microbiota, Lmo2776 specifically inhibits Prevotella copri that causes mucus erosion and exacerbates inflammation and bacterial infection in the intestine [53].",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and bacterial infection? |
| 1089,Ruminococcus,obese,"Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia and increased relative abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides in the gut microbiome can improve glucose homeostasis in obese mice and provide a catabolic pathway through a novel mannosylglucose phosphorylase, suggesting that Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides may serve an important function in the mechanism of glycometabolism (16?19).",na,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and obese? |
| 1090,Streptococcus,pneumonia,"These findings are pertinent in light of our re-analysis of the Monaco et al.cohort which indicates that gut microbiome enrichment of Streptococcus and Veillonella in HIV-infected patients with low CD4+ cell counts is more generalizable and occurs irrespective of pneumonia or HIV treatment, and?may be indicative of traditional airway-colonizing microbes establishing a niche within the gut?or vice versa.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and pneumonia? |
| 1091,Clostridium,CD,"In line with previous studies, some representative species from phylum Firmicutes including genus Eubacterium, Blautia, Clostridium and Lactobacillus, increased in HFD group compared with CD group (Fig?5d).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CD? |
| 1092,Blautia hydrogenotrophica,IBS,"Single LBPs being considered, in development or under evaluation, include Blautia hydrogenotrophica for IBS (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3961131/irritable-bowel-syndrome-pipeline-review-h2#), Eubacterium hallii for metabolic disease (Udayappan et?al., 2016), Lactobacillus reuteri for type 2 diabetes (Mobini et?al., 2017) and Bacteroides fragilis for autism (Abdollahi?Roodsaz et?al., 2016).",relate,What is the relationship between Blautia hydrogenotrophica and IBS? |
| 1093,Escherichia,ASD,"Our study also suggested Streptococcus and Escherichia were depleted in ASD subjects in comparison to control subjects, in line with the results obtained in previous study44.",negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia and ASD? |
| 1094,Bacteroides caccae,type 2 diabetes,"Metagenome?wide?association?study evaluation of the gut microbial metagenome data of 345 type 2 diabetes patients and non?type 2 diabetes Chinese individuals by Qin et al.28 showed that genes enriched in the type 2 diabetes group mainly comprised of opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacteroides caccae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbiosum, Eggerthella lenta and E. coli, which have been documented to result in human infections.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides caccae and type 2 diabetes? |
| 1095,Lactobacillus,PSC,"At the species level, seven taxa belonging to genera Rothia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella, were overrepresented, specifically in PSC patients, compared with both HCs and patients with UC (Table 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and PSC? |
| 1096,Ruminococcus,IBD,"As with A. muciniphila, mucosal numbers of Ruminococcus species are altered in individuals with IBD [12].",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and IBD? |
| 1097,Clostridium,WD,"Among these, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Oscillospira, and Prevotella exhibited the most prominent difference with significantly or insignificantly higher abundance in MD vs. WD group (Figure 3B) whereas Ruminococcus and Coprococcus exhibited an opposite trend, i.e., a significantly lower relative abundance in MD vs. WD group (Figure 3B).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and WD? |
| 1098,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,colon cancer,"The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum mixture on the intestinal microbiota composition, inflammation and neoplastic alterations in the colon during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and colon cancer? |
| 1099,Clostridium,Cancer,"Furthermore, nine bacteria, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, Clostridium, Dorea, Escherichia, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium, displayed positive correlations with each other in the Epithelial precursor lesion and Cancer groups.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and Cancer? |
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