,MICROBE,DISEASE,EVIDENCE,RELATION,QUESTIONS 0,Bifidobacterium longum,ulcerative colitis (UC),The symbiotic therapy involving Bifidobacterium longum and Synergy 1 has been shown to have benefits to both Crohn?s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.,negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and ulcerative colitis (UC)? 1,Parabacteroides,obese,"Previous studies have demonstrated that decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia and increased relative abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides in the gut microbiome can improve glucose homeostasis in obese mice and provide a catabolic pathway through a novel mannosylglucose phosphorylase, suggesting that Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides may serve an important function in the mechanism of glycometabolism (16?19).",negative,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and obese? 2,L. rhamnosus,psychiatric disorders,"Therefore, L. rhamnosus may have beneficial psychological effects in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders with these symptoms, including those with OCD, anxiety or AN.",negative,What is the relationship between L. rhamnosus and psychiatric disorders? 3,Clostridium septicum (C. septicum),colorectal cancer,"The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), Hp, Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Clostridium septicum (C. septicum), Fusobacterium spp.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium septicum (C. septicum) and colorectal cancer? 4,Sutterella,autism,"Gut microbiota in patients with autism is often different with increased levels of Bacteroides phylum, Sutterella species and toxin-producing Clostridium histolyticum, but with reduced amounts of Firmicutes, Veilonellaseae, Prevotella and Coprococcus species bacteria.",positive,What is the relationship between Sutterella and autism? 5,Eubacterium ventriosum,obesity,"Coprococcus catus, Blautia hydrogenotrophic, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus obeum, and Eubacterium ventriosum were significantly correlated with obesity in Japanese people [60,61,62], whereas the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Flavonifractor plautii, Blautiawexlerae, and Clostridium bolteae was associated with lean people [63].",relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium ventriosum and obesity? 6,Proteus mirabilis,IPF,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",positive,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and IPF? 7,Streptococcus,urinary tract infection (UTI),"Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and urinary tract infection (UTI)? 8,Lactobacillus acidophilus,colitis,"Other surface-associated protein are more related in regulating inflammatory responses such as Lactobacillus acidophilus S-layer A, which has been shown to protect mouse against experimentally induced colitis through a specific interaction with SIGNR3 (Lightfoot et al., 2015).",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and colitis? 9,Clostridium,ASD,Conclusions The results of the present systematic review demonstrate an association between Clostridium bacteria colonization of the intestinal tract and ASD.,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? 10,Bacteroides ovatus,chronic pancreatitis,"[8] conducted a comprehensive analysis and comparison of gut microbiota between patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, and found that Bacteroides ovatus, Streptococcus australis, Streptococcus gordonii, Clostridium lactatifermentans, and Clostridium lavalense were more abundant in chronic pancreatitis patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides ovatus and chronic pancreatitis? 11,Staphylococcus aureus,CF,"Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung-transplant recipients are at particularly high risk of infection due to chronic pre-transplant colonization with microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being the most frequent pathogen in adult CF-patients (Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 2011).",positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and CF? 12,Dysgonomonas wimpennyi,periodontitis,"In periodontitis patients, four genera (Dysgonomonas, Paenibacillus, Mycoplasma, and Campylobacter) and five species (Porphyromonas endodontalis, Dysgonomonas wimpennyi, P. canis, Campylobacter gracilis, and Leptotrichia buccalis) were higher, and only one species (P. melaninogenica) was lower in the C+P+ group compared to the C?P+ group (Figures 3 and 4).",positive,What is the relationship between Dysgonomonas wimpennyi and periodontitis? 13,Tannerella forsythia (Tf),periodontal diseases,"Four common periodontopathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), which are highly related to periodontal diseases and were mostly reported in the included studies, were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis.",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and periodontal diseases? 14,Prevotella,cholangitis,"It was also observed that oral cavity and respiratory tract microorganisms were more prevalent than intestinal microorganisms in the microbiota of the common bile duct of gallstone disease patients or that the genera Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Haemophilus are prevalent in the bile microbial communities of the bile duct of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, among other findings.",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella and cholangitis? 15,Human papilloma virus (HPV),cervical cancers,"Human papilloma virus (HPV) causes cervical cancers (Hausen, 1996) whereas Helicobacter pylori induce gastric cancers and Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (Cover and Blaser, 2009).",positive,What is the relationship between Human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancers? 16,Streptococcus agalactiae,sepsis,"Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and mastitis in bovine (Edwards and Baker, 2005; Tazi et al., 2011; Edmond et al., 2012; Lamagni et al., 2013).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus agalactiae and sepsis? 17,AIEC,chronic inflammation,"To this aim, we have carried out experiments testing the ability of 6-MP to inhibit epithelial cell adhesion and invasion by the AIEC strain LF82, important pathogenic processes directly involved in the onset of chronic inflammation in CD (Eaves-Pyles et al., 2008).",positive,What is the relationship between AIEC and chronic inflammation? 18,Escherichia,esophageal abnormalities,"[52] 2014 Thirteen patients with esophagitis, six patients with BE, fifteen normal controls 16S rRNA The Enterobacteriaceae family (mainly the genus Escherichia) is associated with esophageal abnormalities, such as esophagitis and BE.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and esophageal abnormalities? 19,Akkermansia muciniphila,BC,"The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, as a key player of propionate production, is associated with the richness of the gut microbiota in patients with BC (44).",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and BC? 20,Helicobacter pylori,tumor,"Intestinal bacteria with pro-carcinogenic properties, such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus gallolyticus (formerly bovis), Fusobacterium spp., and Bacteroides fragiles have been identified in fecal or tumor samples from human patients with adenoma and carcinoma [11?15].",positive,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and tumor? 21,Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg),periodontal diseases,"Four common periodontopathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf), which are highly related to periodontal diseases and were mostly reported in the included studies, were selected for qualitative and quantitative analysis.",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and periodontal diseases? 22,Streptococcus,colon cancer,"Although specific bacterial species have yet to be proven to be the cause of colon cancer, the minor gut colonizer Streptococcus bovis has been implicated in some clinical studies.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and colon cancer? 23,Fusobacterium,gastric cancer,"Our results showed an underrepresentation of H. pylori among the gastric microbiota of the patients with gastric cancer, while Fusobacterium and Clostridium were frequently enriched.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gastric cancer? 24,Streptococcus,tumours,"In contrast to the study by Pushalkar et al., the abundance of genera Streptococcus and Rothia was significantly lower in the tumour samples compared with contra-lateral normal as well as to the pre-cancer samples; instead, the tumours were associated with significantly higher proportions of the genus Fusobacterium.",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and tumours? 25,Ralstonia,asthma,"In addition, Ralstonia is more abundant in patients with asthma than in those with non-asthmatic chronic rhinosinusitis (45) and is associated with the inflammatory response in Parkinson?s disease (46) and the mucosal Th2 response in food allergy (47).",positive,What is the relationship between Ralstonia and asthma? 26,Lactobacillus johnsonii,CRC,Administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii modulated immune responses and decreased the risk of pathogen colonization in CRC patients.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus johnsonii and CRC? 27,Enterococcus,lung cancer,"Interestingly, Enterococcus has been related to several cancers, such as colon cancer, and lung cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and lung cancer? 28,HP,gastric carcinogenesis,"Previous studies have found that the increased abundance of HP in the tumoral sites is classically believed to contribute to GC tumorigenesis, and mass eradication of HP significantly decreases the risk of developing cancer in infected individuals without pre-malignant lesions (88?90), reinforcing the theory that HP influences early stages in gastric carcinogenesis.",positive,What is the relationship between HP and gastric carcinogenesis? 29,HP,IBD,Microbes from the genera Roseburia and Enterobacter were related to Helicobacter pylori (HP) in gastritis and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in IBD.,relate,What is the relationship between HP and IBD? 30,Fusobacterium,colorectal cancer (CRC),"Recent studies have reported a positive correlation between Fusobacterium abundance and IBD in the host, and a strong association between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer (CRC).",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer (CRC)? 31,Escherichia,CRC,"Likewise, the population of some enteropathogenic bacteria, such as those from the Escherichia and Shigella genera and the Enterococcaceae family, was shown to be larger in the intestines of CRC patients [19,23,32,33].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and CRC? 32,Lactobacillus helveticus,cancer,"Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk in this model has resulted in increased cancer cell apoptosis and reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus has been associated with tumor growth retardation and reduced systemic inflammation [82,83].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and cancer? 33,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,"One such species is Akkermansia muciniphila, which is currently being assessed as a treatment for obesity.74 Of note, intestinal helminths, such as N. brasiliensis, H. polygyrus or Trichuris muris, are directly at the intersection of type 2 immunity, microbiota and metabolism.",negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? 34,Enterobacter cloacae,obesity,"Moreover, an opportunistic pathogen, Enterobacter cloacae B29, isolated from a diabetic obese human?s gut, can induce obesity and insulin resistance in germfree mice (9).",positive,What is the relationship between Enterobacter cloacae and obesity? 35,Hp,MALT,"Introduction Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections are related to the onset of various gut diseases, such as gastritis, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT) [1,2,3].",relate,What is the relationship between Hp and MALT? 36,Ruminococcus,irritable bowel syndrome,"Moreover, a recent study reported that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects had a different pattern of enterotypes, where the Ruminococcus-rich enterotype was highly dominant, whereas autistic samples contained evenly distributed Ruminococcus-rich and Bacteroides-rich enterotypes (Figure 4B).",positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and irritable bowel syndrome? 37,Streptococcus,gastric cancer,"Moreover, apart from H. Pylori, reduction of different other bacteria like Streptococcus sinensis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Prevotella pallens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Lactobacillus colihominis, and Lachnospiraceae are also responsible for gastric cancer in the human [91][92][93].",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and gastric cancer? 38,Porphyromonas,periodontitis,"For instance, saccharolytic (sugar metabolizing) bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, have been associated with dental caries, while proteolytic (protein metabolizing) bacteria, such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas, have been associated with periodontitis and halitosis (40).",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas and periodontitis? 39,Fusobacterium nucleatum,oral cancer,"Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and oral cancer? 40,Streptococcus,colorectal cancer,"In addition, many other species of Clostridium and Streptococcus, such as Clostridium difficile (Zheng et al., 2017), Streptococcus gallolyticus (Andres-Franch et al., 2017), and Streptococcus infantarius (Kaindi et al., 2018), were reported to be associated with colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and colorectal cancer? 41,Bifidobacterium,Parkinson's Disease ,"A 2-year follow-up study by the same group recently revealed that lower counts of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides fragilis in year 0 were associated with worsening on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale over the next 2 years, suggesting that changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with the progression of PD (Minato et al., 2017).",relate,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and Parkinson's Disease ? 42,Porphyromonas gingivalis,cardiovascular disease,"Among the periodontal bacteria, Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis are commonly involved in cardiovascular disease [37].",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and cardiovascular disease? 43,Ruminococcus,AD,"Several bacteria taxa in AD patients were different from those in controls at taxonomic levels, such as Bacteroides Actinobacteria, Ruminococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Selenomonadales, from 43 AD patients using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing [112].",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and AD? 44,Clostridium,CF,"It was noted that the levels of these pathways in Bacteroides, Lachnospiracheae, Clostridium and Enterococcus were significantly increased in the CF patients compared to the controls, which could contribute to the altered starch catabolic pathways.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CF? 45,Bifidobacterium bifidum,systemic lupus erythematosus,"No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31].",relate,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium bifidum and systemic lupus erythematosus? 46,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,ESRD,"Based on the sequencing data, Roseburia spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella which are typical butyrate producing bacteria were decreased in ESRD patients, so we chose it.",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and ESRD? 47,Helicobacter pylori,gastric mucosal biopsies,"(2015) used MegaBlast to remap the unmapped reads of whole genome sequences of 27 gastric mucosal biopsies to microbial reference genomes, and they verified a close association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric tumors.",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosal biopsies? 48,Porphyromonas gingivalis,COPD,"In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD.",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and COPD? 49,Group B streptococcus,sepsis,"Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important pathogen causing sepsis and meningitis in newborns and mastitis in bovine (Edwards and Baker, 2005; Tazi et al., 2011; Edmond et al., 2012; Lamagni et al., 2013).",positive,What is the relationship between Group B streptococcus and sepsis? 50,Treponema denticola,COPD,"In a previous study, some specific bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were more abundant in both tracheal aspirate and periodontal pockets in severe acute exacerbations of COPD patients, suggesting particular bacteria were related to acute exacerbations of COPD.",positive,What is the relationship between Treponema denticola and COPD? 51,Prevotella,gingivitis,"Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3).",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella and gingivitis? 52,Clostridium difficile,FMT,"For example, FMT is highly effective for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection [127], to the point that it has been approved by the United States Federal Drug Administration (FDA) [128].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and FMT? 53,Pg,chronic arthritis,"Overall, these date suggest that invaded Pg in arthritic joints may induce synovial inflammation and promote chronic arthritis.",positive,What is the relationship between Pg and chronic arthritis? 54,Helicobacter pylori,cancer,"While the link between viruses and cancer has been extensively researched, it is notable that Helicobacter pylori has remained the best-studied and, for nearly two decades, the sole bacterial pathogen systematically linked with any type of cancer in clinical practice.",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and cancer? 55,Phascolarctobacterium,HCC,"The sequencing of 16S bacterial RNA showed in the stool of HCC patients increased abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Phascolarctobacterium, and Oscillospira and decreased abundance of Bifidobacteria and Blautia as compared with liver cirrhosis without HCC.",positive,What is the relationship between Phascolarctobacterium and HCC? 56,Treponema denticola,atherosclerotic plaque lesions,"In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens?Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16].",positive,What is the relationship between Treponema denticola and atherosclerotic plaque lesions? 57,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CD,"The gut microbiome is a key factor in the pathogenesis of IBD and a dysbiosis, mainly characterized by downregulation of butyrate-producing species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, belonging to the Ruminococcaceae family, has consistently been reported in patients with IBD and especially in patients with CD (11?13).",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CD? 58,Streptococcus,atherosclerosis,"Microbiota and their many metabolic products may largely account for the rest.80 For example, DNA of oral microbiota Veillonella and Streptococcus was found in plaques of individuals with atherosclerosis and their abundance correlated with the abundance of these species in the oral cavity.53 As for gut microbiota, Karlsson et?al.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and atherosclerosis? 59,Enterococcus,AP,"In the context of pancreatic disease, a multi-hospital prospective clinical study showed that the intestinal population of Enterococcus is higher and more positively correlated with the serum levels of IL-6 in severe AP than in mild AP (66), suggesting that the increase in Enterococcus contributes to the severity of this disease.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and AP? 60,Streptococcus,liver cirrhosis,"Intestinal dysbiosis has already been described in patients with liver cirrhosis, with an increase in Veillonella, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium, among others.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and liver cirrhosis? 61,Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum,bacterial infection,"In animal models, administration of B. fragilis, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum or Roseburia hominis exerted effects to increase butyrate production, inhibit bacterial infection and reduce inflammation (848586).",negative,What is the relationship between Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and bacterial infection? 62,Desulfovibrio,ASD,"Specifically, a lower ratio of Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes and a higher abundance of Clostridium and Desulfovibrio were positively associated with severity of ASD symptoms (Tomova et al., 2015).",positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and ASD? 63,Akkermansia muciniphila,kidney cancer,"They reported that higher levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, a gram-negative anaerobe, were associated with good outcomes in patients with lung or kidney cancer.",negative,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and kidney cancer? 64,S. salivarius probiotic strain K12,candidiasis,"The S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 inhibits adherence and filamentation of C. albicans, and in a murine model of infection candidiasis protected mice from severe candidiasis [82].",negative,What is the relationship between S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 and candidiasis? 65,Lactobacillus fermentum,inflammation,"These findings suggest that combined Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici supplementation of diets improved growth performance, alleviated inflammation and regulated gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria, inhibiting pathogens, and promoting the production of SCFAs in weaned pigs.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and inflammation? 66,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,AD,"[8,9] Recent studies have indicated that dysbiosis in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and dysregulation of gut epithelial inflammation might affect the chronic progression of AD by resulting in impairment of the gut epithelial barrier.",positive,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and AD? 67,streptococcus,chorioamnionitis,In Malawi approximately 21% of pregnant women carry group B streptococcus (GBS) [43] and has also been found to involved with placental infection and chorioamnionitis.,relate,What is the relationship between streptococcus and chorioamnionitis? 68,Bacteroides fragilis,CRC,"Several specific microbes, including Streptococcus gallolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, colibactin-producing Escherichia coli, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in development of CRC through modulation of the tumor immune environment and promotion of DNA damage [6].",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CRC? 69,Fusobacterium,CRC,"The abundance of several microbes, such as Streptococcus gallolyticus, Fusobacterium, B. fragilis, Escherichia Shigella, Peptostreptococcus ten were observed to be enriched in CRC patients versus control groups, while genera such as Bacteroides, Roseburia [164] and Pseudomonas [167] were significantly depleted in CRC patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and CRC? 70,Clostridium perfringens,gastrointestinal infections,"One such example is Clostridium perfringens, which is a member of the gut microbiota as well as an opportunistic pathogen frequently associated with gastrointestinal infections [11, 12].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and gastrointestinal infections? 71,Fusobacterium,colorectal carcinoma,"Recently, Kostic et al.reported the association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal carcinoma? 72,Lactococcus plantarum,colitis,"In similar studies, engineered bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus plantarum, and Streptococcus gordonii, have been used to deliver various molecules to treat colitis in animal models of IBD.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactococcus plantarum and colitis? 73,Haemophilus influenzae,paediatric respiratory infection,"For example, in the context of paediatric respiratory infection, Haemophilus influenzae is considered an important pathogen, whereas Haemophilus haemolyticus is considered commensal.",positive,What is the relationship between Haemophilus influenzae and paediatric respiratory infection? 74,Escherichia coli,acute meningitis,"Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus), Neisseria meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli (particularly the K1 serotype) are currently the most common bacterial pathogens causing acute meningitis in the United States.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and acute meningitis? 75,Escherichia,Crohn?s disease,"For example, 2 of the microorganisms on our panel, Escherichia-Shigella and Ruminococcus, are associated with Crohn?s disease, while 5 other organisms, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium, Dialister invisus, Odoribacter and Roseburia, are inversely associated with Crohn?s disease (Fig 5, S2 Table).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and Crohn?s disease? 76,Porphyromonas gingivalis,pancreatic cancer,"Another prospective cohort study analyzed 361 patients with incident pancreatic cancer and 371 matched controls and revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (odds ratio: 2.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.16 to 4.18).",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and pancreatic cancer? 77,Eubacterium,periodontitis,"Additionally, our data in UC and CC specimens show the presence of several orange (Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, and Campylobacter), red (Porphyromonas), purple (Veillonella), and yellow (Streptococcus) complex putative oral pathogens known to cause gingivitis and periodontitis among IBD patients (Tables 1, 3).",relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium and periodontitis? 78,Escherichia,ID,"Given that the observed prevalence of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were higher in feces of ID pigs, the increase in the relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella is even more surprising.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and ID? 79,Granulicatella adiacens,pancreatic cancer,B. fragilis is known to induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and Th17-dependent pathway in colitis-associated CRC (see Supplementary Data 8 for detection of bft genes from enterotoxigenic B. fragilis)37 whereas the abundance of Granulicatella adiacens in saliva is associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.,relate,What is the relationship between Granulicatella adiacens and pancreatic cancer? 80,Prevotella intermedia,GI cancer,"Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type.",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella intermedia and GI cancer? 81,Streptococcus gordonii,colitis,"In similar studies, engineered bacteria, such as Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus plantarum, and Streptococcus gordonii, have been used to deliver various molecules to treat colitis in animal models of IBD.",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gordonii and colitis? 82,Prevotella melaninogenica,periodontitis,"Patients with severe periodontal disease had saliva with significantly higher levels of Prevotella melaninogenica, Rothia mucilaginosa, and Fusobacterium, and plaque with significantly higher levels of Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, and Prevotella compared to those with no or mild periodontitis (Fig?2A and B and Table?S5).",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella melaninogenica and periodontitis? 83,Prevotella falsenii,colitis,"Prevotella falsenii, Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides eggerthii enhance and Alistipes finegoldii attenuates colitis in mice",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella falsenii and colitis? 84,Prevotella,inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon,"To this regard, it has been reported that an increased amount of Veillonella is associated with higher levels of gut inflammation and the development of colitis and Crohn?s disease; on the contrary, an increased the abundance of the Prevotella genus has been described as a shield against inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella and inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon? 85,Bacteroides fragilis,cancer,"Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and cancer? 86,Enterococcus,opportunistic infections,"However, there are also exceptions: for instance, some species of Enterococcus or Streptococcus can cause opportunistic infections in humans, whereby the intrinsic resistance of LAB to many antibiotics is an additional risk factor50,51.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and opportunistic infections? 87,Propionibacterium freudenreichii,colorectal cancer,"It is noteworthy that a recent study has shown that metabolites of Propionibacterium freudenreichii can kill colorectal cancer cells, implicating its use as a probiotic for the prevention and treatment of early colorectal cancer (Casanova et al., 2018).",negative,What is the relationship between Propionibacterium freudenreichii and colorectal cancer? 88,Campylobacter jejuni,diarrhea,"In 80% to 85% of cases, diarrhea is due to pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (E. coli), enteropathogenic, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica].",positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter jejuni and diarrhea? 89,Fusobacterium nucleatum,colon cancer,"In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colon cancer? 90,Capnocytophaga sputigena,OLP,"[5] investigated microbial in OLP patients with non-erosive/asymptomatic lesions and found that bacterial counts for Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus crispatus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Neisseria mucosa, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, and S. agalactiae at the sites of OLP lesions are significantly higher when compared to the same sites in control subjects.",positive,What is the relationship between Capnocytophaga sputigena and OLP? 91,Campylobacter jejuni,foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis,"Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic Gram-negative bacterium that is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide (Silva et al., 2011; Kaakoush et al., 2015).",positive,What is the relationship between Campylobacter jejuni and foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis? 92,Lactobacillus,experimental colitis,"By using animal models of experimental colitis (20) and arthritis (21), it was shown that Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia, reduced inflammation, possibly through the TLR2/IL-10 axis which results in the repression of the pro-inflammatory pathway (20), whereas Gram-positive bacteria such as Lactobacillus contributed to the development of a more severe disease (21).",positive,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and experimental colitis? 93,Clostridium,ulcerative colitis,"Similarly, Clostridium XIVa has also been shown to be lower in ulcerative colitis patients compared with normal controls?(26).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ulcerative colitis? 94,Helicobacter pullorum,gastroenteritis,"However, another important aspect to consider is that some specific enterohepatic Helicobacter species (i.e., Helicobacter pullorum) can be detected in the gut of healthy chickens as well as in the liver and the intestine of hens with vibrionic-like liver lesions and human patients with gastroenteritis [37].",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pullorum and gastroenteritis? 95,Porphyromonas gingivalis,colorectal cancers,"Of all oral bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum might possess the greatest potential to be correlated with oral cancer, as both have been implicated in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and colorectal cancers? 96,Porphyromonas gingivalis,NASH,"[82] studied 150 patients with NAFLD (of those 102 with NASH) and 60 healthy controls, and found that infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (the major cause of periodontitis) tripled the risk for NAFLD and quadrupled the risk for NASH, independent of ge and metabolic syndrome.",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and NASH? 97,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,cystic fibrosis (CF),"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be the most important pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF), with up to 60% of adult patients infected (UK CF Registry Annual Data Report 2014), and is also frequently isolated from patients with bronchiectasis.",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis (CF)? 98,Streptococcus mitis,pancreatic cancer,"The association between the salivary microbiota and pancreatic cancer has been analyzed using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray,45 and two out of six bacterial candidates (Neisseria elongate and Streptococcus mitis) had significantly lower levels in pancreatic cancer patients than in the control group (P<0.05).",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mitis and pancreatic cancer? 99,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,cancer,"Relatively little is known as to how these less-studied organisms influence human health, although several studies have suggested that methanogenic species of archaea, such as Methanosphaera stadtmanae, might be involved in the development of systemic diseases such as obesity (7?10), cancer (11?13), lung hyperresponsiveness (14), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (15).",relate,What is the relationship between Methanosphaera stadtmanae and cancer? 100,Blautia coccoides,systemic lupus erythematosus,"No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31].",relate,What is the relationship between Blautia coccoides and systemic lupus erythematosus? 101,Fusobacterium,oral cancers,"[33] in their study where aerobic bacterial species Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus and anaerobic bacterial species such as Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces and Clostridium were detected more frequently in oral cancers than in normal oral mucosa.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and oral cancers? 102,Dialister invisus,CD,"Joossens et al.showed a decrease in F. prausnitzii, Dialister invisus, an uncharacterized species of Clostridium group XIVa, in Bifidobacterium adolescents, in CD patients compared to healthy controls [28].",negative,What is the relationship between Dialister invisus and CD? 103,Klebsiella oxytoca,hemorrhagic colitis,"Of note, antibiotic-associated colitis could be caused also by other pathogens, like Klebsiella oxytoca, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC).",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella oxytoca and hemorrhagic colitis? 104,Porphyromonas asaccharolytica,CRC-related,"For example, Zeller and Feng et al.showed that Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Fusobacterium vincentii, and Fusobacterium animalis were predictive in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which are among the tops of our list; in particular, F. nucleatum is a common CRC-related species which promotes tumor development [18,20,35].",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and CRC-related? 105,Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis),colorectal cancer,"The pathogens that appear to be primarily involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer [78] are Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) [79], Hp [80], Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) [81], Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) [82], Clostridium septicum (C. septicum) [83], Fusobacterium spp.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) and colorectal cancer? 106,Candida albicans,HIV-infected,"In HIV-infected patients, inflammatory markers were concurrent with an altered fecal microbiome composition featuring increased abundances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans and decreased abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria (Gori et al., 2008).",positive,What is the relationship between Candida albicans and HIV-infected? 107,Helicobacter pylori,ulcer,"It is known that Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcer, while Firmicutes are involved in obesity (Yu et al., 2014).",negative,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and ulcer? 108,Escherichia coli,diarrhea,"In 80% to 85% of cases, diarrhea is due to pathogenic bacteria [Escherichia coli (E. coli), enteropathogenic, Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and diarrhea? 109,Streptococcus,respiratory tract infections,"For instance, the six dominant genera in the upper airway microbiota in children have been shown to be Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Moraxella, and Alloiococcus [3], members of which are commonly implicated in respiratory tract infections.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and respiratory tract infections? 110,Peptostreptococcus stomatis,colorectal cancer,"Several species of Peptostreptococcus and Parvimonas were extensively enriched in cancer samples, including Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Parvimonas micra, both of which are reportedly related to colorectal cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Peptostreptococcus stomatis and colorectal cancer? 111,ETEC,diarrhea,"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes hundreds of millions of cases of diarrhea annually, particularly in developing countries",positive,What is the relationship between ETEC and diarrhea? 112,Enterococcus,CHB,"Specifically, patients with CHB and cirrhosis exhibit dramatically decreased Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels, while Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae levels are significantly increased compared to healthy people.",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and CHB? 113,Gemella sanguinis,tumor,"The unnamed cultivable taxon, Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 058, and named cultivable bacterial species, Gemella haemolysans, Gemella morbillorum, Gemella sanguinis, Johnsonella ignava, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus parasanguinis I, Streptococcus salivarius were highly associated to tumor site.",relate,What is the relationship between Gemella sanguinis and tumor? 114,Streptococcus thermophilus,antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in infants,Diet supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus was shown to reduce the frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in infants.,negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus thermophilus and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in infants? 115,Porphyromonas gingivalis,chronic periodontitis,"Among periodontopathogenic bacteria, (Porphyromonas gingivalis), a gram-negative anaerobe and one of the most important pathogens in chronic periodontitis, has the ability for co-aggregation not only with (Fusobacterium nucleatum), but also with early colonizers (such as Streptococcus gordonii) [48], which could help explain its early appearance in the development of dental plaque biofilms [49,50].",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and chronic periodontitis? 116,Psae,chronic obstructive lung disease,"Furthermore, patients suffering from chronic respiratory morbidities including chronic obstructive lung disease, bronchiectasis, or cystic fibrosis are prone to chronic Psae infection, further exacerbating the underlying disease (3).",positive,What is the relationship between Psae and chronic obstructive lung disease? 117,Streptococcus pneumoniae,pneumonia,"Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, causes several serious and often life-threatening infections including meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumonia? 118,Bacteroides vulgatus,cancer,"Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and cancer? 119,Bacteroides intestinalis,T2D,"Accordingly, in investigations that analyzed this genus on the species level, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides 20?3 and Bacteroides vulgatus were decreased in T2D patients and Bacteroides stercoris were enriched after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in T2D patients with diabetes remission [5,11,17,24].",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides intestinalis and T2D? 120,Enterococcus,fatal nosocomial infections,"In addition, Enterococcus often develop antibiotic resistance due to abuse of antibiotics and may cause fatal nosocomial infections in humans (40,56,57).",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and fatal nosocomial infections? 121,Fusobacterium,IBD,"In colorectal cancer patients, treatment with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Enterococcus faecalis decreased the abundance of pathogenic Fusobacterium, the prevalence of which is associated with both IBD and colorectal cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and IBD? 122,Bifidobacterium adolescentis,cancer,"Another study reported that Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 significantly impeded cancer growth on three different cell lines Caco-2, SW 480 and HT-29.",negative,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and cancer? 123,Parabacteroides,GDM,"At the genus level, GDM patients had a significantly higher abundance of Parabacteroides, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium, while healthy controls were significantly enriched for Ruminiclostridium, Roseburia, Eggerthella, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Mitsukella, and Aggregatibacter (Fig?1b).",positive,What is the relationship between Parabacteroides and GDM? 124,Pg,arthritis,"Oral infection by Pg worsens paw swelling, bone loss and synovitis, and increases proinflammatory cytokine expression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis mouse model.",positive,What is the relationship between Pg and arthritis? 125,Bacteroides fragilis,antibiotic-associated diarrhea,Figure 5 Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 improves gut barrier integrity in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) rats.,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea? 126,Methanobrevibacter smithii,obesity,"In particular, a reduction in Methanobrevibacter smithii has been implicated in obesity [56].",negative,What is the relationship between Methanobrevibacter smithii and obesity? 127,Lactobacillus acidophilus,diabetes,"Yadav et al.showed that a probiotic dahi-supplemented diet, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-fed diabetic rats, thus lowering the risk of diabetes and its complications [65].",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and diabetes? 128,Ruminococcus,inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),"In addition, Ruminococcus, a genus of class Clostridia which pointing to an energy metabolism dysfunction, was identified as one of characteristic genus of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? 129,Prevotella intermedia,chronic periodontitis,"The results of our study confirmed this association, and showed that this Gram-negative rod was isolated from 68% of patients with chronic periodontitis, but its participation in the microbiota was very reduced, always smaller than others pathogens like Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum (unpublished data).",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella intermedia and chronic periodontitis? 130,Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans),dental caries,"The primary pathogens associated with dental caries are Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus), the Mutans Streptococci (MS).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental caries? 131,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Alzheimer?s disease,"In Alzheimer?s disease, inhibitors of the gingipains proteases secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis were able to reduce infection by this species in the brain as well as amyloid-? production and neuroinflammation.",negative,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Alzheimer?s disease? 132,Streptococcus,oral cancer,"Researchers have also found that specific bacterial taxa, such as Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Actinomyces, Clostridium, Haemophilus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp., are linked to oral cancer and epithelial precursor lesions25.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and oral cancer? 133,Lactobacillus,LC,"[13] have found that the number of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus significantly decreases, while the levels of harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus significantly increase in CHB and LC.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and LC? 134,Veillonella,colitis,"To this regard, it has been reported that an increased amount of Veillonella is associated with higher levels of gut inflammation and the development of colitis and Crohn?s disease; on the contrary, an increased the abundance of the Prevotella genus has been described as a shield against inflammation and non-infectious diseases of the colon.",positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and colitis? 135,Escherichia coli,UC,"In a study by Sokol et al., [44], the biodiversity of the active microbiota was shown to be lower for UC patients than for healthy controls and Escherichia coli (or related Enterobacteriaceae) were significantly associated with UC.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? 136,Staphylococcus aureus,septicemia,"Introduction Staphylococcus aureus colonizes human mucosa and skin and is a major human pathogen that causes a strikingly broad range of infections, ranging from relatively minor skin abscesses to potentially life-threatening pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, necrotizing fasciitis, septicemia, and toxic shock syndrome [1].",positive,What is the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus and septicemia? 137,Streptococcus,KD,"Indeed, Streptococcus spp. were highly abundant in the gut microbiotas of some of the KD patients; for example, 77% of the bacterial reads of one KD patient (the acute phase in P7) were from Streptococcus.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and KD? 138,Burkholderia cepacia,CF,"Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of opportunistic pathogens, with at least 20 distinct genomovars/species [1], believed to be associated with poor prognosis and patient-to-patient transmissibility in cystic fibrosis (CF).",relate,What is the relationship between Burkholderia cepacia and CF? 139,Porphyromonas gingivalis,rheumatoid arthritis,"For example, the Porphyromonas gingivalis genome, which represents organisms implicated in periodontal disease and has been linked to rheumatoid arthritis [36] and heart disease [37], recruits a relatively large fraction of reads from all individuals (1.68%).",relate,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and rheumatoid arthritis? 140,BA,diarrhea and inflammation,"Among them, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) has gained more attention, and emerging evidence has identified its health-beneficial properties in the treatment of intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and inflammation.",negative,What is the relationship between BA and diarrhea and inflammation? 141,Lactobacillus reuteri,obesity,"This finding is concurrent with the findings in non-pregnant individuals as strains of Eisenbergiella and Lactobacillus reuteri have previously been associated with obesity [56, 57].",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus reuteri and obesity? 142,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,IPF,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and IPF? 143,Prevotella salivae,CRS,"Lastly, one Prevotella ASV (Prevotella 13, whose sequence was identical to a V4 sequence of Prevotella salivae) was more prevalent in the nasopharynx of CRS patients than in that of the healthy controls (11% of control samples and 25% of CRS patient samples).",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella salivae and CRS? 144,Escherichia coli Nissle 1917,UC,"With regard to UC, it was shown that the use of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain for patients with UC was effective in maintaining remission as mesalazine therapy alone.",negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and UC? 145,Streptococcus,IBD,"A previous study showed that the genus Veillonella was significantly higher in the salivary microbiota of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients than in that of HCs, while the genus Streptococcus was significantly lower in the salivary microbiota of IBD patients than in that of HCs [12].",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and IBD? 146,Streptococcus,ulcerative colitis,"In addition, the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Pseudomanas counts were significantly decreased and that for Enterobacteriacceae was significantly increased in patients with ulcerative colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and ulcerative colitis? 147,Fusobacterium necrophorum,CRC,"A number of studies have revealed a link between Fusobacterium and CRC [37,38], observation supported by the 16S DNA sequenced analysis of colorectal microbe, which showed high proportion of Fusobacterium genus: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Fusobacterium necrophorum in tumor tissue, changes accompanied by a significant reduction of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes [39].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium necrophorum and CRC? 148,Tannerella forsythia,periodontitis,"Likewise, species associated with periodontitis showed increased evidence for transmission (p=0.002), though this signal was mostly due to mildly periodontic species, while core drivers, such as Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Socransky et al., 1998), showed little or no indication of oral-fecal transmission.",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and periodontitis? 149,Anaerotruncus colihominis,bacteremia,"Though its major end-products include acetate and butyrate, generally regarded as beneficial metabolites, the clinical investigation of Anaerotruncus colihominis demonstrated its critical role in bacteremia.",relate,What is the relationship between Anaerotruncus colihominis and bacteremia? 150,Helicobacter pylori,intestinal metaplasia,"The strongest known risk factor for this devastating disease is infection with Helicobacter pylori, which drives the development of premalignant lesions (such as gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia) that can lead to gastric cancer (Fig 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia? 151,Escherichia,urinary tract infection (UTI),"Among the 25 increased genera, many anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella, Prevotella, and Atopobium, are the main pathogens for bacterial vaginosis (BV), while the abundance of many aerobic bacteria, such as Escherichia, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, are closely related to the risk of aerobic vaginitis (AV) and urinary tract infection (UTI).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia and urinary tract infection (UTI)? 152,Escherichia coli,ileal CD,"Recently, another microorganism, Escherichia coli, has been under investigation and associated with ileal CD [35], but there is no evidence that antibiotic treatment against coliforms is efficacious in curing IBD patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and ileal CD? 153,Bacteroides fragilis,cardiovascular disorders,"Vitamin-K-producing gut bacteria namely Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium lentum, Enterobacter agglomerans, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus faecium (Fernandez and Collins, 1987; Cooke et al., 2006) anaerobically synthesize vitamin K2 (menaquinone) which is essential in decreasing vascular calcification, elevating HDL and lowering cholesterol levels, contributing to lower risk of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (Kawashima et al., 1997; Geleijnse et al., 2004).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and cardiovascular disorders? 154,Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,sepsis,"In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics [34].",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and sepsis? 155,Chlamydia trachomatis,cervical cancer,"In the last two decades, significant evidence has emerged implicating bacteria in the aetiology of some cancer types such as Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas, Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical cancer, Salmonella typhi in gallbladder cancer and both Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in colon cancer.",relate,What is the relationship between Chlamydia trachomatis and cervical cancer? 156,Escherichia coli,colorectal cancer,"Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and colibactin-producing Escherichia coli generate an inflammatory environment and promote tumorigenesis, such as in colorectal cancer, due to the development of the inflammasome and activation of the NF-?B pathway [144].",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and colorectal cancer? 157,Mycoplasma pneumoniae,HIV-infected,"We next examined the cohort for detection of seven of the most common bacterial pulmonary pathogens detected in HIV-infected patients: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were detected in 49, 10, 1, 0, 0, 0 and 0 of the subjects, respectively.",relate,What is the relationship between Mycoplasma pneumoniae and HIV-infected? 158,AKK,obesity,"An HFD markedly decreases AKK in mice, and lower levels of AKK have been shown to be correlated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans25.",negative,What is the relationship between AKK and obesity? 159,Lactobacillus acidophilus,mucositis,"Taking into account these results, we suggest that a combination of Biffidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Biffidobacterium breve, Biffidobacterium infantis, and Saccharomyces boulardii could be a good combination of probiotics to reduce incident rates of mucositis or ameliorate its symptoms in chemo or radiotherapy treated patients, and would be worth being tested in a clinical trial.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and mucositis? 160,Roseburia inulinivorans,breast cancer,"For example, a decrease in Roseburia inulinivorans may render postmenopausal women more prone to inflammation and therefore at higher risk of breast cancer if the decrease in Roseburia had occurred at the time breast cancer was initiated.",positive,What is the relationship between Roseburia inulinivorans and breast cancer? 161,Bacteroides fragilis,inflammatory bowel disease,"For example, the colonization of intestinal commensal Bacteroides fragilis protects mice from developing experimental inflammatory bowel disease via TLR2 (Round and Mazmanian, 2010).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and inflammatory bowel disease? 162,Streptococcus,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF),"Similarly, Streptococcus is consistently found in healthy airways but is enriched in COPD [35], idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [36], and pneumonia [37].",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)? 163,Lactobacillus,irritable bowel syndrome,"One meta?analysis, published in 2017, identified downregulated colonisation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome where diarrhoea predominated.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and irritable bowel syndrome? 164,Enterococcus faecalis,CRC carcinogenesis,"Besides Fn, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis are candidate microorganisms closely associated with CRC carcinogenesis [9].",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and CRC carcinogenesis? 165,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,myocardial infarction,"In addition, Lactobacillus rhamnosus as probiotics demonstrates significant benefits by anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect in cardiomyocytes derived following myocardial infarction and attenuates myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and myocardial infarction? 166,Fn,colorectal cancer,"Several studies demonstrated that the amount of tissue Fn DNA was positively associated with colorectal cancer-specific mortality, which suggested that the enrichment of Fn in CRC tissue might serve as a negative prognostic biomarker12.",positive,What is the relationship between Fn and colorectal cancer? 167,Eubacterium desmolans,CRC,"The other 10 species including Eubacterium eligens, Coprococcus comes, Eubacterium hadrum, Eubacterium hallII, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Blautia faecis, Roseburia faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Eubacterium desmolans, Streptococcus salivarius, decreased in CRC patients (Additional?file?2: Table S1).Fig 2Hierarchical ward-linkage clustering of CRC-associated species.",negative,What is the relationship between Eubacterium desmolans and CRC? 168,Citrobacter freundii,cancer,"Through epithelial injury and inflammation, chronic infections (viruses, Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, Citrobacter freundii, and protozoa) are linked to carcinogenesis with approximately 18% of the worldwide cancer burden.",relate,What is the relationship between Citrobacter freundii and cancer? 169,Prevotella,pulmonary diseases,"Indeed, mass-DNA sequencing revealed that, besides the well-known lung pathogens, a core microbiota including four persistent anaerobes genera (Veillonella, Streptococcus, Actinomyces and Prevotella) exists and is common to pulmonary diseases (Cheung et al.2013).",relate,What is the relationship between Prevotella and pulmonary diseases? 170,AIEC,CD,"In particular, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are enriched in ileal specimens from CD patients, in comparison to non-IBD patients; remarkably, however, AIEC were rarely found in samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (Boudeau et al., 1999; Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004; Martinez-Medina et al., 2009).",relate,What is the relationship between AIEC and CD? 171,Streptococcus mutans,vascular disease,Atherosclerosis Fernandes et al.revealed that oral Streptococcus mutans is ubiquitous in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients with vascular disease [230].,relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mutans and vascular disease? 172,Ruminococcus,inflammatory bowel disease,"The effect of the HMO intervention on eighteen selected genera ? Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Dialister, Escherichia/Shigella and Akkermansia ? associated with health or disease in obesity, irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease( 55 ? 57 ) was examined.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and inflammatory bowel disease? 173,lactobacilli,bacteremia,"In a review by Doron and Syndman examining the adverse events associated with probiotics, at least eight cases of bacteremia were associated with lactobacilli, nine cases of sepsis with Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, or combination probiotics, and two cases of endocarditis were due to lactobacillus and streptococcus probiotics.",relate,What is the relationship between lactobacilli and bacteremia? 174,Bacteroides fragilis,colorectal cancer,"Similarly, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucletum are identified to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue compared to the matched tissue, and Fusobacterium nucletum is proved to be associated with high microsatellite instability [24].",positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and colorectal cancer? 175,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,diarrhea,"however, other co-occurring bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) may also protect against diarrhea, indicating that more studies need to be done to explore the potential protective roles of other microbes in diarrheal diseases.",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and diarrhea? 176,Tannerella forsythia,GI cancer,"Periodontal disease-associated species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, were correlated with a risk of GI cancer regardless of cancer type.",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and GI cancer? 177,Fusobacterium nucleatum,atherosclerotic plaque lesions,"In fact, infection of ApoE null hyperlipidemic mice with four established periodontal pathogens?Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, led to elevations of serum inflammatory markers and progression of atherosclerotic plaque lesions [16].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and atherosclerotic plaque lesions? 178,Clostridium,colitis,"In a mouse model of colitis, a Clostridium strain mediated protective effects via indolepropionate production and consecutive PXR activation [84].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? 179,Lactobacillus fermentum,inflammatory bowel disease.,"For example, Lactobacillus fermentum reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-?, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17A, while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, to relieve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus fermentum and inflammatory bowel disease.? 180,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,diarrhea,"Some genera are more particularly considered as beneficial for the host like Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (a butyrate-producing bacteria), and Akkermansia muciniphila, while others are considered as potentially harmful like Staphylococcus, some species of the Clostridium genus (C.?perfringens, C. difficile) and Pseudomonas, which have been associated with diarrhea, systemic infections, liver damage, cancer, and encephalopathy (162).",relate,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and diarrhea? 181,Streptococcus,UC,"These results suggested that Odoribacter, Allobaculum and Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae played vital roles in restoring intestinal flora homeostasis of UC mice through electroacupuncture and moxibustion therapies.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and UC? 182,Streptococcus,cancer,"Moreover, Liu HX studied the samples from lung tissues and bronchoscopy and they found that Streptococcus was more abundant in cancer cases whereas Staphylococcus was more abundant in the controls [39].",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and cancer? 183,Lactobacillus acidophilus,alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage,"In another study, a combination treatment using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Bifidobacterium in rats with alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage effectively protected against endotoxin/bacterial translocation, as well as liver damage in the course of acute pancreatitis and concomitant heavy alcohol consumption.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and alcohol pancreatitis-related liver damage? 184,Pseudomonas,GI cancer,"Of note, Bilophila, Clostridium, and Pseudomonas are mostly negatively correlated with GI cancer genes, while Haemophilus, Oscillospira, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Acidaminococcus are only positively correlated with GI cancer genes (q value 0.05) in relative expression units of Bifidobacterium (median: 195.7), Clostridium coccoides (median: 82.78), Clostridium coccoides-Eubacteria rectale (median: 60.17), Lactobacillus (median: 6.31), and Roseburia species (median: 795.1) in stool samples from RA patients, compared with controls (median Bif: 457.5; Ccoc: 48.86; CIEub: 41.37; Lac: 3,888; Ros: 1.535) (Figure 1).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and RA? 869,Fusobacterium,tumor,"Metagenomic prediction suggested that Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, and Streptococcus appear to be largely responsible for case-associated enrichment of tyrosine metabolism in both tumor:tumor-adjacent and tumor:fecal comparisons.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumor? 870,Clostridium difficile,IBD,"On the basis of the concept of repopulating the gut with a healthy microbiome, FMT has been successfully used in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and recommended for other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmune disorders, certain allergic diseases, and metabolic disorders such as obesity [8].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and IBD? 871,Fusobacterium,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and RAS? 872,Ochrobactrum anthropi,endophthalmitis,"In addition, in subject 5 we detected Ochrobactrum anthropi, an agent that had been identified previously in eye infections such as endophthalmitis and keratitis20,21.",positive,What is the relationship between Ochrobactrum anthropi and endophthalmitis? 873,Blautia wexlerae,cancer,"In contrast, Blautia wexlerae is less represented in cancer samples than in noncancer samples (P?=?0.04424).",negative,What is the relationship between Blautia wexlerae and cancer? 874,Clostridium,liver NKT cell accumulation,"Vancomycin treatment, which depletes Clostridium, can increase liver NKT cell accumulation and block liver cancer development [10, 13].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and liver NKT cell accumulation? 875,Parvimonas micra,periodontitis,"When the microbiota around failed implants was examined, we observed that Parvimonas, a genus that includes the periodontal pathogen Parvimonas micra, and Oribacterium, a genus not associated with periodontitis (23), were elevated relative to healthy implants.",na,What is the relationship between Parvimonas micra and periodontitis? 876,Fusobacterium nucleatum,tumor,"In addition, mucosa-associated E.coli belonging to the B2 phylogroup is found to be more prevalent in CRC tissues, and is identified to encode cyclomodulin which is vital for colon epithelia cell mutation [26].To explore subsequently, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which belongs to Fusobacteria, has been isolated from tumor tissue and proved to be invasive in the in-vitro experiments.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and tumor? 877,Clostridiales,Ulcerative Colitis,"For example, Clostridiales Ruminococcaceae, the second most important taxon in the RFC model, significantly more abundant in Ent+ individuals, has been found to be underrepresented in individuals suffering from Crohn?s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis [27].",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and Ulcerative Colitis? 878,Escherichia coli,CD,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and CD? 879,Streptococcus uberis,dysbacteriosis,"Major pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis and Staphylococcus aureus were also found in milk from animals with no evidence of inflammatory reaction, suggesting the hypothesis that the development of mastitis can be regarded more as a dysbacteriosis than a primary infection [16].",na,What is the relationship between Streptococcus uberis and dysbacteriosis? 880,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,occult bacterial infection,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",na,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and occult bacterial infection? 881,Klebsiella,CRC,"In addition, Fusobacterium nucleatum also has a positive correlation with lymph node metastasis in CRC [27].Furthermore, Zhao and his colleagues study the stool samples of CRC patients in China, and found find that Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus display a higher relative abundance in CRC patients, while Roseburia- and Lachnospiraceae-related OTUs dominat a high load in the healthy controls [28].",positive,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and CRC? 882,H. pylori,gastric cancer,"Our results showed an underrepresentation of H. pylori among the gastric microbiota of the patients with gastric cancer, while Fusobacterium and Clostridium were frequently enriched.",negative,What is the relationship between H. pylori and gastric cancer? 883,Lactobacillus paracasei,colon carcinoma,"In another study, Lactobacillus paracasei F19 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 were found to upregulate ANGPTL4 in the colon carcinoma HCT116 cell line in a dose and time dependent manner while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron had no effect.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus paracasei and colon carcinoma? 884,Streptococcus salivarius,Cirrhotic,"Cirrhotic patients with minimal HE (MHE) harbour a higher proportion of urease-producing Streptococcus salivarius in stool samples, positively correlating with serum ammonia accumulation13.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus salivarius and Cirrhotic? 885,Ruminococcus gauvreauii,CAD,"Therefore, the lower relative abundance of Ruminococcus gauvreauii in CAD patients in our study might be the consequence of greater prevalence of diabetes mellitus or higher dietary intake of advanced glycation end products which has been linked to increased risk of CAD [37].",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gauvreauii and CAD? 886,C. albicans,candidiasis,"The S. salivarius probiotic strain K12 inhibits adherence and filamentation of C. albicans, and in a murine model of infection candidiasis protected mice from severe candidiasis [82].",na,What is the relationship between C. albicans and candidiasis? 887,Bacteroides caccae,tumor,"(119) metastatic melanoma patients ICI (including ipilimumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab plus nivolumab, and pembrolizumab) Bacteroides caccae: enriched in all ICI responders High levels of anacardic acid, as microbial metabolites, could stimulate neutrophils and macrophages, and enhance T-cell recruitment to tumor metastases.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides caccae and tumor? 888,Fusobacterium,liver cancer,"Our previous study showed that the tongue coating microbiome is unique among other human body microbiomes, and revealed two specific genera, Oribacterium and Fusobacterium, that could distinguish liver cancer (LC) patients from healthy subjects [12].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and liver cancer? 889,Fusobacterium,CRC,"Species level: Higher number of Fusobacterium rDNA copies correlated positively with that of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, E. faecalis in CRC tissue when compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissue Dejea et al[33] 2014 United States cohort: 30 CRCs, 6 adenomas and 22 healthy controls Malaysian cohort: 21 CRCs and 1 adenoma.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and CRC? 890,Bifidobacterium bifidum,colorectal cancer,"We found some species that were distinctive of one disease only as it is the case for P. stomatis, P. micra and Gemella morbillorum in colorectal cancer, multiple Veillonella species in cirrhosis, and, partially, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lachnospiraceae in IBD.",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium bifidum and colorectal cancer? 891,Lactobacillus casei,cancer,"In 1993, a phase III multicentered randomized controlled study on 223 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix showed that combining treatment with heat-killed Lactobacillus casei strains (LC9018) and radiation therapy enhanced tumor regression through the induction of immune response against cancer cells [119].",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and cancer? 892,Psae,MDR Psae infection,"In fact, fecal Psae carriage before ICU admission has been shown to be associated with an ~15-times increased risk for subsequent Psae-induced nosocomial infection (7), which might even more likely mount in a fatal outcome, given that particularly antibiotics-treated ICU patients with concomitant severe comorbidities including immunosuppression are prone to MDR Psae infection arising from the indigenous gut microbiota (3, 11, 43).",positive,What is the relationship between Psae and MDR Psae infection? 893,Ruminococcus torques,ASD,"We found beta-hexosaminidase (K12373) significantly more abundant in ASD group (13,815.45 ? 3,547.44 and 3,582.57 ? 564.94 in ASD and HCs, respectively, p < 0.05 after FDR correction); we also observed that high abundance of the mucin-degrading enzyme in ASD patients was concurrent with the increased level of Ruminococcus torques which is known to be a mucin-degrading bacterium (Figure 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus torques and ASD? 894,Streptococcus,esophagitis,"The ratio of Streptococcus (Firmicutes) to Prevotella (Bacteroidetes) in the stomach mucosa (corpus and antrum) has previously been negatively correlated with hiatal hernia length (30), and reduced relative abundance of Firmicutes in esophageal biopsy samples was previously shown to be associated with esophagitis and Barrett?s esophagus (54).",negative,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and esophagitis? 895,Coprobacillus,NF,"We observed that Lactobacillus, Coprobacillus and Anaerotruncus genera have a higher abundance not only in CKD patients respect to controls, but also in F respect to NF patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Coprobacillus and NF? 896,Clostridium,colitis,"Mouse microbiota with higher level of genera Clostridium XI, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus is associated with resistance to C. jejuni induced colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? 897,Clostridiales,IBS,"Within the order Clostridiales, we noticed that conflicting results were reported for one family (Ruminococcaceae) being present at a high frequency in the included studies, with both increases (22,31) and decreases (26,31,32) being observed in patients with IBS.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and IBS? 898,Fusobacterium,colorectal adenomas,"Our results for colorectal adenomas and increased Fusobacterium levels are similar to previously reported studies involving Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer [8], [10], [11].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal adenomas? 899,Clostridium,CF,"Significantly higher abundance of Clostridium, Clostridium hiranosis, Eubacterium, and Faecalibacterium were found in CF patients who received AA therapy (S6 Table).",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and CF? 900,Clostridium difficile,metabolic syndrome,"Although recurrent Clostridium difficile infections are by far the most frequent use for the application of FMT, other FMT-treatable digestive diseases include inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and metabolic syndrome (Borody and Campbell, 2011; Vrieze et al., 2012; Weingarden and Vaughn, 2017).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and metabolic syndrome? 901,Clostridium,inflammatory bowel disease,"Moreover, these Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa species represent only a small proportion of the microbial community in the inflammatory bowel disease patients (Frank et?al., 2007).",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and inflammatory bowel disease? 902,Ruminococcus torques,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus torques and CD? 903,Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334,colon cancer,"For example, the ferrichrome isolated from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 was demonstrated to have a strong tumor-suppressive effect on colon cancer cells.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 and colon cancer? 904,NTHi,cancer,"The association or role of NTHi-induced airway inflammation in lung cancer progression, however, is not supported by another recent cohort study showing the lack of differences in NTHi specific-antibodies between cancer- and non-cancer COPD patients (12).",na,What is the relationship between NTHi and cancer? 905,Escherichia coli,UC,"The study compared the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli in patients with psoriasis (including PV, guttate psoriasis and palmoplantaris pustulosis) and patients with both psoriasis and IBD (CD, Crohn\'s disease and UC, ulcerative colitis) to controls (Eppinga et al., 2016).",na,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? 906,Desulfovibrio,GDM,"Increased gut abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis, Klebsiella variicola, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Collinsella, Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and reduced gut richness of Methanobrevibacter smithii, Alistipes species, Bifidobacterium species, Eubacterium species Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Roseburia, and Dialister were reported in GDM patients compared to normoglycemic controls (Figure 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and GDM? 907,Fusobacterium,ulcerative colitis,"MT4, characterized by the overall low level of fecal metabolites, had a high abundance of Fusobacterium and Desulfovibrionaceae, which are known to be overrepresented in patients with colon cancer and ulcerative colitis and to be involved in inflammation (Ohkusa et al., 2003; Rowan et al., 2010; Castellarin et al., 2012; Figliuolo et al., 2017).",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and ulcerative colitis? 908,Clostridium,EPG,"Bacteroides, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium had a slight negative correlation with EPG (Table 3); meanwhile, Atopobium, Actinomyces, and Granulicatella had a weak positive correlation with EPG (Table 3).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and EPG? 909,Clostridium,diarrhea,"But because the time intervals that elapsed between samples were long, we cannot determine whether the increases in Clostridium group I or the detection of C. perfringens reflected causes or consequences of the episodes of diarrhea.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and diarrhea? 910,Lachnoanaerobaculum,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Lachnoanaerobaculum and RAS? 911,Clostridium butyricum,acute experimental colitis,"To elucidate the mechanism by which gut microbiota regulate intestinal macrophage IL-10 production, Hayashi et al.used macrophage-specific IL-10-deficient mice to demonstrate that Clostridium butyricum (CB), a distinct cluster I Clostridium strain, induces IL-10 production to ultimately prevent acute experimental colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium butyricum and acute experimental colitis? 912,Ruminococcus,ASD,"Interestingly, alterations in serum serotonin and cortisol, as well as fecal Bacteroides and Ruminococcus levels, have been described in patients with ASD. ",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and ASD? 913,Enterococcus,RA,"However, neither Enterococcus nor Sedimentibacter have been associated with dysbiosis in patients with RA or other autoimmune diseases.",na,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and RA? 914,Bacillus cereus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",na,What is the relationship between Bacillus cereus and gastric cancer? 915,Bacteroides dorei,CHD-NAFLD,"Compared with HCs, the abundance of Bacteroides dorei was also reduced in CHD-NAFLD patients, though it was not statistically significant (the abundance of Bacteroides dorei in CHD-NAFLD and HCs:0.4443 and 1.3039).",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides dorei and CHD-NAFLD? 916,Clostridium,NMOSD,"Furthermore, molecular mimicry of NMOSD T cells between AQP4 and a Clostridium protein might contribute to NMOSD pathogenesis, whereas no cross-reaction of T cells and antibodies were so far observed in NMDAR encephalitis.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and NMOSD? 917,Escherichia coli,gastrointestinal disease,"Quantitative PCR assays (qPCR) were performed for key bacterial taxa known to be altered in dogs with gastrointestinal disease (i.e., total bacteria, Faecalibacterium, Turicibacter, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus, Blautia, Fusobacterium, and Clostridium hiranonis) as previously described (18).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and gastrointestinal disease? 918,Mogibacterium timidum,RAS,"Serum Levels of IgG Against Mogibacterium timidum are Elevated in Patients with RAS To analyze humoral response to bacteria and fungi, we measured serum levels of antibodies against bacteria Acinetobacter johnsonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Mogibacterium timidum and fungi Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in patients with Active or Passive stage of RAS and in healthy controls.",positive,What is the relationship between Mogibacterium timidum and RAS? 919,AIEC,intestinal inflammation,"Addition of AIEC to this ecosystem perturbs microbiota composition, increases levels of bioactive lipopolysaccharide and flagellin, but only modestly promotes some parameters of intestinal inflammation and adiposity, suggesting that the phenotypes previously associated with loss of this innate immune receptor require disruption of a complex microbiota.",positive,What is the relationship between AIEC and intestinal inflammation? 920,Klebsiella pneumoniae,urolithiasis,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and urolithiasis? 921,Lactococcus,AD,"[96] on 27 AD patients and 6 healthy controls, the bacterial EV composition differs significantly between the two groups evaluated, with a marked reduction of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus EV proportions and an increase of those from Alicyclobacillus and Propionibacterium in AD patients with respect to controls.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactococcus and AD? 922,Proteus mirabilis,bacterial infection,"Specifically, the authors observed pathogen growth (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) in 8/22 (36%) IPF patients, suggesting that occult bacterial infection may contribute to the development of IPF.",na,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and bacterial infection? 923,Clostridium hathewayi,type 2 diabetes,"Metagenome?wide?association?study evaluation of the gut microbial metagenome data of 345 type 2 diabetes patients and non?type 2 diabetes Chinese individuals by Qin et al.28 showed that genes enriched in the type 2 diabetes group mainly comprised of opportunistic pathogens, such as Bacteroides caccae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium ramosum, Clostridium symbiosum, Eggerthella lenta and E. coli, which have been documented to result in human infections.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium hathewayi and type 2 diabetes? 924,Helicobacter pylori,urolithiasis,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and urolithiasis? 925,Prevotella stercorea,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella stercorea and CRC? 926,Helicobacter pylori,gastritis,"Patients without Helicobacter pylori infection may also have gastritis including superficial, atrophic or even gastric cancer (Genta and Sonnenberg, 2015; Pogoriler et al., 2015; Horiuchi et al., 2016; Overby et al., 2017).",negative,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastritis? 927,Escherichia coli,HD,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",na,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and HD? 928,Clostridium perfringens,chronic enteropathy,A diet of hydrolyzed protein increases can lead to growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens in rats suffering from chronic enteropathy.,na,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and chronic enteropathy? 929,Helicobacter pylori,gastroduodenal infections,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal infections? 930,Clostridium,HF,"Although the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were not significantly different between the HF patients and healthy subjects, Dorea and Clostridium were less abundant in the HF patients than in the healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and HF? 931,Clostridium difficile,metabolic syndrome,"The successes in treatment of Clostridium difficile diarrhea with microbiota manipulation recently increased the interest for this treatment in other diseases with proven disruption of gut microbiota, such as ulcerative colitis or metabolic syndrome [35].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and metabolic syndrome? 932,Salmonella enterica,autoimmune diseases,"SFB-mediated Th17 cell differentiation can combat infection associated with pathogens, including C. rodentium,265 Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae61 while worsening autoimmune diseases such as EAE271,272 and autoimmune arthritis.273 Nevertheless, whether SFB-induced beneficial Th17 cells are sufficient to combat enteropathogenic infection is still controversial.",na,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and autoimmune diseases? 933,Bacteroides uniformis,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides uniformis and CD? 934,Helicobacter pylori,obesity,"It is known that Helicobacter pylori plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcer, while Firmicutes are involved in obesity (Yu et al., 2014).",na,What is the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and obesity? 935,Listeria monocytogenes,campylobacteriosis,"In this study, mice were co-infected with Campylobacter jejuni and other pathogenic bacteria [Salmonella typhimurium, entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Listeria monocytogenes] to determine whether this multiple infection would lead to more severe campylobacteriosis in mice.",na,What is the relationship between Listeria monocytogenes and campylobacteriosis? 936,Clostridium lavalense,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium lavalense and CD? 937,Bacteroides fragilis,IBS,"Membership in the ME/CFS without IBS subgroup as compared with the control group was predicted by the relative abundance of Bacteroides caccae, P. capillosus, P. distasonis, Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella buccalis, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, and D. formicigenerans.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and IBS? 938,Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum,irregular and complex dysplastic glands,"The histological section from the colon of mouse without feeding Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum (B. pullicaecorum), one of butyrate-producing organisms, showed exophytic and bulky tumors, exhibiting irregular and complex dysplastic glands, to indicate intramucosal adenocarcinoma after 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induction.",na,What is the relationship between Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum and irregular and complex dysplastic glands? 939,Fusobacterium,colorectal carcinoma,"Hence, pathological and tumor molecular features of colorectal carcinoma may be present downstream in the causal sequence of events after the Fusobacterium variable, and adjusting for the tumor pathological and molecular features might cause biased results.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal carcinoma? 940,Bacteroides vulgatus,AS,"[8] demonstrated decreased IgA antisera to Bacteroides vulgatus among AS patients, despite increased T cell proliferative responses to autologous Bacteroides [8]; the same group subsequently demonstrated decreased production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AS patients compared to controls [12].",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and AS? 941,Psae,chronic colitis,"Hence, MDR Psae-induced pro-inflammatory immune responses were not restricted to the intestinal tract, but could also be observed systemically.Figure 6Splenic cytokine responses in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa infected mice suffering from chronic colitis.",na,What is the relationship between Psae and chronic colitis? 942,Enterococcus,prostate cancer,"The amount of Enterococcus in EPS in the prostate cancer group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that seen in the BPH group, while the amount of Enterococcus in urine of the prostate cancer group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to that noted in the BPH group (Figure 7).",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and prostate cancer? 943,Enterococcus,epithelial precursor lesions,"Specifically, higher salivary levels of Solobacterium species and lower levels of Streptotoccus species were recorded in OSCC patients compared to leukoplakia patients [77], whereas salivary abundance of Bacillus, Enterococcus, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus and Slackia species discriminated patients with OSCC from patients with epithelial precursor lesions [78].",negative,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and epithelial precursor lesions? 944,streptococcus,ALD,"In our case, the abundance of streptococcus tended to decrease in the monkeys of ALD, which indicates that the change of gut microbiota may be different between ALD, NAFLD, and obesity patients.",negative,What is the relationship between streptococcus and ALD? 945,Enterococcus faecalis,CRC,"Studies have identified that several bacteria, such as F. nucleatum, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacteroides fragiles (B. fragilis) and Enterococcus faecalis, were increased in CRC patients [25], whereas the Clostridiales, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Bifidobacterium were absent [24,28] (Table 1).",positive,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and CRC? 946,Bifidobacterium,melanoma,"In melanoma patients responding to iCPI more abundant species included Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Clostridiales, Rominococcus and Faecalibacterium, while low levels of Akkermansia muciniphila were observed in epithelial cancers not responding to iCPI (174).",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium and melanoma? 947,Escherichia coli,UC,"Of these species, E. faecium and Escherichia coli had the highest linear discriminative analysis (LDA) scores in the UC and CD samples, respectively, compared with the HD samples (Fig?1a, b).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and UC? 948,Streptococcus,dry eye syndrome,"This core consists primarily of Staphylococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., and Haemophilus spp.19 Other studies suggest there are smaller and/or variable contributions from genera such as Bradyrhizobium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Ralstonia.16,19?21 16S sequencing identifies not only a core microbial community, but also differences in OSM in pathologic states including dry eye syndrome.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and dry eye syndrome? 949,Akkermansia muciniphila,MS,"For instance, Akkermansia muciniphila, which was increased in MS patients, boosted Th1 cell differentiation.",positive,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and MS? 950,Salmonella enterica,infectious gastroenteritis,"For example, infectious gastroenteritis caused by bacterial (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli 0157:H7), viral (norovirus), or protozoal (Giardia lamblia) pathogens increase the risk of post-infectious IBS.",positive,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and infectious gastroenteritis? 951,Clostridium difficile,Diarrhea,"Diarrhea explained by other causes, responding to etiology-specific therapy, with negative stool tests for Clostridium difficile toxin B, were not considered as FMT failures.",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium difficile and Diarrhea? 952,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CD,No Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was identified on species level in the CD cases.,negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CD? 953,Faecalibacterium sp.,melanoma,"The presence of Faecalibacterium sp. in the gut microbiome of melanoma patients was associated with anti-PD-L1 response, while Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Escherichia coli, and Anaerotruncus colihominis were associated with a lack of response [186].",na,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium sp. and melanoma? 954,Fusobacterium,tumors,"Interestingly, the genera Roseburia, Fusobacterium and Faecalibacterium, which are moderately enriched in tumors belong to the major butyrate producing intestinal bacteria.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and tumors? 955,Eubacterium limosum,UC,(72) found that GBF increased levels of Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium limosum and appeared to prolong remission in UC patients.,relate,What is the relationship between Eubacterium limosum and UC? 956,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and CRC? 957,AIEC,ulcerative colitis (UC),"In particular, adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are enriched in ileal specimens from CD patients, in comparison to non-IBD patients; remarkably, however, AIEC were rarely found in samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (Boudeau et al., 1999; Darfeuille-Michaud et al., 2004; Martinez-Medina et al., 2009).",negative,What is the relationship between AIEC and ulcerative colitis (UC)? 958,Klebsiella pneumoniae,AD,"For example, functional amyloid from Klebsiella pneumoniae can depolymerise from its fibrillary state to release oligomers which induce cytotoxicity equal to that caused by pathological Abeta in AD (Shahnawaz and Soto, 2012).",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and AD? 959,Bifidobacterium longum,colitis,"Similary, there was no anxiolytic and behavioral influence of Bifidobacterium longum in vagotomized mice with chronic colitis, while an attenuation of psychological comorbidities of colitis was observed after administration of Bifidobacterium longum in mice with an intact vagus nerve signaling [43].",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium longum and colitis? 960,Clostridium bolteae,autism,"Only two species were found enriched in the patients, including an unclassified Coprobacillus bacterium and Clostridium bolteae, the latter of which is a frequently reported autism-associated bacterium (Pequegnat et al., 2013) that has also been found to be enriched in T2D patients (Qin et al., 2012).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium bolteae and autism? 961,Akkermansia muciniphila,obesity,"Moreover, several potential bacterial candidates, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Enterobacter halii or Akkermansia muciniphila, have been identified and innovative mechanisms of action overriding their beneficial effects for insulin resistance/obesity have been elucidated.",relate,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and obesity? 962,Clostridium leptum,MM,"Actinobacteria, Clostridium leptum, and Rothia are the main bacteria involved in the intestinal glucose metabolism pathway, suggesting the dysregulated glucose metabolism pathway in the intestinal tract of MM patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium leptum and MM? 963,MRSA,enteritis,"People are the natural reservoir of MRSA but its growth and reproduction is limited by other intestinal flora, rarely cause enteritis.",na,What is the relationship between MRSA and enteritis? 964,Tannerella forsythia,individual oral infection,"For example, murine oral co-infection with Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum [9] or with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola [10] induces greater alveolar bone resorption than either species alone, while a polybacterial inoculum of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, and F. nucleatum elicits a unique immune/inflammatory response and physiologic changes compared to individual oral infection with each of the species [11?16].",relate,What is the relationship between Tannerella forsythia and individual oral infection? 965,AIEC,CD,"Ampicillin/erythromycin-resistant AIEC LF82, isolated from a chronic ileal lesion of a CD patient, was used as the AIEC reference strain.21 Following strains were used during this study: L. rhamnosus GG (LMG 18243), L. reuteri 1063 (ATCC 53608), L. acidophilus NCFM (Danisco, Brugge, Belgium), L. mucosae LB219 and P. acidilactici LB1.19 Pure cultures of Lactobacillus sp.",na,What is the relationship between AIEC and CD? 966,Lactobacillus acidophilus,colon cancer (CAC),"Research objectives The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of supplementation of a Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium bifidum mixture on the intestinal microbiota composition, inflammation and neoplastic alterations in the colon during the development of an experimental model of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC).",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and colon cancer (CAC)? 967,Streptococcus mitis,pancreatic cancer,"Moreover, two bacterial biomarkers, Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis, have a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus mitis and pancreatic cancer? 968,LGG,parasitic infection,"Our results showed that pigs fed LGG and infected with A. suum had reduced levels of IL-13, a key cytokine regulating allergic responses to parasitic infection, eotaxin 3 (CCL26), one of the three related chemokines that specifically activates CCR3 receptor in eosinophils, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), suggesting an inhibition of eosinophil recruitment and function in TBLN draining the lungs of A. suum infected pigs.",na,What is the relationship between LGG and parasitic infection? 969,Eggerthella lenta,epithelial integrity,"C. aerofaciens and Eggerthella lenta, another bacteria of the phylum Actinobacteria which had increased abundance in presence of blood, have also been reported as increasing gut permeability and lowering epithelial integrity in arthritis models [36, 37].",na,What is the relationship between Eggerthella lenta and epithelial integrity? 970,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,hepatic encephalopathy,"Treatment with probiotics preparation containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Saccharomyces boulardii failed to produce any significant improvement in the various parameters assessed in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, when compared with placebo [52].",na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus rhamnosus and hepatic encephalopathy? 971,Bifidobacterium infantis,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",na,What is the relationship between Bifidobacterium infantis and gastric cancer? 972,Fusobacterium nucleatum,periodontal disease,"The Porphyromonas genus include Porphyromonas gingivalis, implicated in periodontal disease but also previously detected in oral cavities of healthy children, whilst the Fusobacterium genus include the bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, a species widely present in the oral cavity but also considered to be an opportunistic oral pathogen.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and periodontal disease? 973, Parabacteroide,antimetabolic syndrome,"Through these, it exerts overall multitarget regulation and is a potential new type of antimetabolic syndrome probiotic.17 Some researchers have confirmed that anaerobic glycolysis inside tumor cells depletes extracellular glucose, which in turn limits T cell glucose utilization.18 By improving the host\'s glucose metabolism disorders, Parabacteroides might also improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.",na,What is the relationship between Parabacteroide and antimetabolic syndrome? 974,Akkermansia muciniphila,disorders and inflammation,"Patrice D. Cani (Brussels, Belgium), Willem M. de Vos (Wageningen, The Netherlands) and collaborators have identified Akkermansia muciniphila as a potential target to treat cardiometabolic disorders and inflammation.",na,What is the relationship between Akkermansia muciniphila and disorders and inflammation? 975,Veillonella,PSC,"At the species level, seven taxa belonging to genera Rothia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella, were overrepresented, specifically in PSC patients, compared with both HCs and patients with UC (Table 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Veillonella and PSC? 976,Lactobacillus casei,colorectal cancer,Administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) to patients whose colonic polyps had been surgically removed significantly reduced the recurrence of colorectal cancer.,negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and colorectal cancer? 977,Clostridiales,DSS colitis,(4) The MAFF-induced microbiota rich in Clostridiales enhances proliferation and regeneration of colonic epithelial cells during DSS colitis.,na,What is the relationship between Clostridiales and DSS colitis? 978,Lactobacillus helveticus,hyperammonemia,The first hint to the answer came from a recent study where the efficacy of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 was tested in preventing cognitive decline and anxiety-like behavior in hyperammonemia rats.,na,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and hyperammonemia? 979,Escherichia coli,colon inflammation,"Figure 2 Usefulness of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, its phylogroups (PHGI and PHGII) and their index in conjunction to Escherichia coli to discriminate inflammatory bowel disease with colon inflammation and colorectal cancer by pooling all biopsy samples together (A) and by location of sampling (B).",relate,What is the relationship between Escherichia coli and colon inflammation? 980,Cardiobacterium,RAS,"LEfSe analysis focused on disease status unveiled discriminative association of the genera Lachnoanaerobaculum, Cardiobacterium, Leptotrichia, Fusobacterium, and the class Clostridia with Active RAS patients, whereas the genus Selenomonas was significantly associated with Passive RAS patients (Figure 1D).",relate,What is the relationship between Cardiobacterium and RAS? 981,Clostridium,anxiety,"Monoassociation with Clostridium coccoides also reduced anxiety-like behavior, whereas monoassociation with Bifido infantis showed reduced activity in the OF and no changes in anxiety-like behavior compared to GF mice (Nishino et al., 2013).",negative,What is the relationship between Clostridium and anxiety? 982,BA,intrauterine growth retardation,"IUGR-BA piglets with intrauterine growth retardation fed the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-supplemented diet, IUGR-CON piglets with intrauterine growth retardation fed the control diet, NBW-CON piglets with normal birth weight fed the control diet The expression levels of genes related to apoptosis are summarized in Table?7.",na,What is the relationship between BA and intrauterine growth retardation? 983,Bacillus cereus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacillus cereus and gastric cancer? 984,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,tumor,"Interestingly, increase in the abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was also found in EcN-treated mice compared to tumor bearing controls.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and tumor? 985,Clostridium,ASD,"Because this antibiotic is not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and its spectrum of action covers Gram-positive bacteria such as Clostridium, it is possible that these microorganisms play a role in ASD development, especially as vancomycin discontinuation led to a reversion of ASD symptoms [83].",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? 986,EHEC,differential epithelial lesions,"Specifically, we showed that exposure of EHEC to species-specific commensal metabolites alters transcription of chemotaxis-related genes and motility behavior in the bacterium, and ?fliC EHEC lacking the fliC gene that are non-motile did not produce differential epithelial lesions in the Hmm and Mmm groups.",na,What is the relationship between EHEC and differential epithelial lesions? 987,Streptococcus,halitosis,"For instance, saccharolytic (sugar metabolizing) bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, have been associated with dental caries, while proteolytic (protein metabolizing) bacteria, such as Prevotella and Porphyromonas, have been associated with periodontitis and halitosis (40).",na,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and halitosis? 988,Clostridium,colitis,"For example, induction of a transforming growth factor- (TGF-) ?-rich environment by indigenous Clostridium species enhances regulatory T cell (Treg) numbers and function in the colon and the resistance to DSS-induced murine colitis [32, 35].",na,What is the relationship between Clostridium and colitis? 989,Prevotella timonensis,HPV,"In our cohort, we detected an increase of the relative abundance of Prevotella timonensis and Sneathia sanguinegens in women infected with HPV or Polyomavirus during the asymptomatic phase of infection, event probably facilitated by a steady state level of pro-inflammatory status characterizing the vaginal environment of these women.",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella timonensis and HPV? 990,Hp,inflammation,"Furthermore, a recent animal experiment demonstrated that INS-GAS mice co-infected with Hp and Streptococcus salivarius developed more severe inflammation, hyperplasia, and dysplasia in the stomach when compared with Hp only at 5 months post-infection.",positive,What is the relationship between Hp and inflammation? 991,Fusobacterium,adenomas,"Although there is increasing evidence that Fusobacterium is involved in CRC cases, it was detected in less than half of adenomas, which suggests that other bacterial populations are capable of potentiating tumorigenesis [2].",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and adenomas? 992,Bacteroides uniformis,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",relate,What is the relationship between Bacteroides uniformis and CD? 993,Fusobacterium,COPD,"Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Fusobacterium were identified as the four core bacterial genera with significant differences among patients with COPD and periodontitis, patients with periodontitis alone, and HCs.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and COPD? 994,Escherichia,RS,"Within our own initial datasets, we addressed this issue by using several approaches and observed increased abundances of Escherichia/Shigella when stool samples were mailed to the research laboratory and received after 3 days (RS) or after 5 days (GenR) in the post.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and RS? 995,Prevotella copri,RA,"Other studies using 16S rRNA microbiota analysis have indicated changes in different bacterial genus ranging from reductions in Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas to another study indicating that a subpopulation of early RA patients had increased prevalence of Prevotella copri; however, it should be noted that these observed microbiome changes may also be a result of RA disease state [30, 31].",positive,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and RA? 996,ETEC,diarrhoea,"High-dose administration of the probiotic increased the incidence of diarrhoea before ETEC F4 challenge despite the fact that both doses ameliorated ETEC F4-induced diarrhoea, with increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts accompanied by reduced coliform shedding in faeces.",na,What is the relationship between ETEC and diarrhoea? 997,Lactococcus lactis,vivo infection,"Our previous results (4) indicate that LLS is able to modulate the growth of Lactococcus lactis, Staphylococcus aureus, and L.?monocytogenes lineage II strains as well as representatives of the Allobaculum and Alloprevotella genera during in vivo infection (4).",relate,What is the relationship between Lactococcus lactis and vivo infection? 998,Neisseria elongata,pancreatic cancer,"Moreover, two bacterial biomarkers, Neisseria elongata and Streptococcus mitis, have a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.",positive,What is the relationship between Neisseria elongata and pancreatic cancer? 999,Streptococcus gallolyticus,colon tumors,"For example, Streptococcus gallolyticus (In the past Streptococcus bovis) is reported in nearly 20?50% and 5% of colon tumors and normal colon respectively.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus gallolyticus and colon tumors? 1000,Bacteroides vulgatus,ASD,(b) A lower abundance of the usually highly abundant Bacteroides vulgatus is significantly correlated with lower levels of d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolic pathways in the guts of ASD children.,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides vulgatus and ASD? 1001,NTHi,mucosal epithelium,"Another virulence factor that has been reported by Murphy and co-workers to play a pivotal role for NTHi survival in COPD settings is IgA-protease, a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in the mucosal epithelium (226?228).",na,What is the relationship between NTHi and mucosal epithelium? 1002,Lactobacillus,AD,"[96] on 27 AD patients and 6 healthy controls, the bacterial EV composition differs significantly between the two groups evaluated, with a marked reduction of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, and Lactobacillus EV proportions and an increase of those from Alicyclobacillus and Propionibacterium in AD patients with respect to controls.",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus and AD? 1003,Porphyromonas endodontalis,gingivitis,"Approximately 46% of the assigned OTUs were more abundant in diseased individuals (particularly in patients with gingivitis), while few classified OTUs were predominant in samples from PH individuals, including known oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella tannerae.",na,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas endodontalis and gingivitis? 1004,Clostridium,necrotic enteritis,"Dietary supplementation of chickens with virginiamycin decreased intestinal colonization by Clostridium perfringens35, and decreased the severity and mortality due to necrotic enteritis caused by C. perfringens36, both compared with unsupplemented controls.",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and necrotic enteritis? 1005,Clostridium,ASD,"A reduced capacity for nutrient digestion and transport in children with ASD has been related to increased levels of Clostridium species, Bacteriodetes depletion, and loss of metabolites related to energy homeostastis (e.g disaccharidases, hexose transporters) (Williams et?al., 2011).",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and ASD? 1006,Prevotella copri,CRC,"The most significantly overrepresented species in normal samples compared to CRC samples were Prevotella copri, Prevotella stercorea, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while for the CRC samples we found that Collinsella aerofaciens (Actinobacteria), [Eubacterium] biforme (Firmicutes), Oxalobacter formigenes (Proteobacteria), Akkermansia municiphila (Verrucomicrobia) and Bacteroides fragilis (Bacteroidetes) were significantly overrepresented.",negative,What is the relationship between Prevotella copri and CRC? 1007,Porphyromonas gingivalis,diabetes mellitus,"(25) described the association of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis isolated in samples from root canals with necrotic pulp and a history of diabetes mellitus (OR > 2), but the sample was too small to establish any definitive association.",positive,What is the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis and diabetes mellitus? 1008,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,cystic fibrosis,"Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, versatile, opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.",positive,What is the relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cystic fibrosis? 1009,Eggerthella lenta,DM,"Interestingly, Eggerthella lenta, which was not detected in the DM cohort, was found in the DM+HT cohort.",na,What is the relationship between Eggerthella lenta and DM? 1010,CD,CDI,"Consequently, in vitro models lacking host factors may only provide partial understanding of the CD colonization mechanisms involved with CDI.",relate,What is the relationship between CD and CDI? 1011,Neisseria flavescens,OSCC,"Despite significant inter-individual variation, 14 species were detected across all samples, including Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella scopos, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Gemella sanguinis, Granulicatella adiacens, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense, Veillonella atypica, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria flavescens, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and constituted the oral mucosal core bacteriome of the OSCC patients.Figure 2Composition of bacterial communities across samples at the phylum and genus levels.",positive,What is the relationship between Neisseria flavescens and OSCC? 1012,Fusobacterium,pancreatic cancers,"Detection of Fusobacterium species in cancer tissue specimens of pancreatic cancer We assessed 302 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens of pancreatic cancers using the TaqMan Gene Expression Assay for Fusobacterium species and obtained 283 (94%) positive results.",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and pancreatic cancers? 1013,Fusobacterium nucleatum,colitis,"On the other hand, Fusobacterium nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation- associated intestinal carcinogenesis, which is contrary to the role of other colon cancer-associated bacteria [71].",negative,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and colitis? 1014,Escherichia,osteoporosis,"In contrast, the abundances of members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families, such as Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia/Shigella, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Succinivibrio and Desulfovibrio, were enriched in the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups.",positive,What is the relationship between Escherichia and osteoporosis? 1015,Fusobacterium,UUI,"The abundance of Fusobacterium was lower in the EDM group, although it has previously been shown to increase in patients with UUI [37].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and UUI? 1016,Fusobacterium,colorectal adenomas,"This was the first Portuguese study using this method to determine the Fusobacterium spp load in both colorectal adenomas or carcinomas and paired normal tissue, making it possible to measure total and specific bacterial DNA copies in the very same reaction with clear cost-effective advantages for the clinical setting.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal adenomas? 1017,Clostridium perfringens,intestinal adenoma,"High DCA concentrations (>1?mmol/L) inhibit the growth of many intestinal bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis, lactobacilli, and bifidobacteria in vitro.32 Thus, it is reasonable to consider that the interaction between bile acids and the gut microbiota controls the progression of intestinal adenoma.",relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium perfringens and intestinal adenoma? 1018,Roseburia inulinivorans,CD,"At the species level, a considerable reduction of butyrate-producing bacterial species, as Blautia faecis, Roseburia inulinivorans, Ruminococcus torques, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and F. prausnitzii characterized CD patients respect to healthy subjects.",positive,What is the relationship between Roseburia inulinivorans and CD? 1019,Ruminococcus,atherosclerosis,"In studies of other cohorts, less clear dominance of the genus Ruminococcus and stronger clustering around the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella have been found, yet both long-term diet and disease (atherosclerosis) have been linked to these enterotypes.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and atherosclerosis? 1020,Dialister invisus,IBD,"The genera Acinetobacter and Bacteroides are increased significantly in IBD patients during the active phase (Andoh et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2015), though a massive amount of Dialister invisus has been identified in the state of inactivity or dormancy in the gut of patients with IBD (Schirmer et al., 2018).",negative,What is the relationship between Dialister invisus and IBD? 1021,Streptococcus,periodontitis,"The healthy group dominated by Streptococcus sp., the gingivitis group was composed mostly by the genera Streptococcus, Capnocytophaga, Haemophilus, and Leptotrichia and the periodontitis group with a high abundance of Porphyromonas.",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and periodontitis? 1022,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,tumor,"Furthermore, at the species level, we also found that Alistipes shahii (Figure 6G), Akkermansia muciniphila (Figure 6H), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Figure 6I), Bacteroides acidifaciens and Lactobacillus johnsonii (Figure S5) were increased in EcN-respond mice compared with tumor bearing controls.",na,What is the relationship between Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and tumor? 1023,Bacteroides dorei,PD,Interestingly we have identified (with databank RDP v11.4) an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides dorei in PD groups compared to HD and ND groups (Figure 6C).,positive,What is the relationship between Bacteroides dorei and PD? 1024,Mycobacterium avium,CD,"With CD in particular, individual species such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis or Escherichia coli have been implicated in disease aetiology [20,21] while the emerging ""dysbiosis"" hypothesis implicates multi-species assemblages in an overall imbalance between harmful and protective bacteria [22,23].",relate,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium and CD? 1025,Fusobacterium,gastric cancer,"Recent studies showed that Fusobacterium species are detected in gastrointestinal tract cancers, such as gastric cancer [34] and colorectal cancer [26, 29, 30]; however, published studies have not examined the relationship of Fusobacterium species with the cancer outcome in a large sample (n > 100) of such patients.",relate,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and gastric cancer? 1026,Actinomyces neuii,UUI,"Also, Actinobaculum schaalii, Actinomyces neuii, Aerococcus urinae, Arthrobacter cumminsii, Corynebacterium coyleae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Oligella urethralis, and Streptococcus anginosus were more frequently isolated from UUI women (see Table?S2 in the supplemental material).",positive,What is the relationship between Actinomyces neuii and UUI? 1027,Streptococcus,PSC,"At the species level, seven taxa belonging to genera Rothia, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella, were overrepresented, specifically in PSC patients, compared with both HCs and patients with UC (Table 3).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and PSC? 1028,Fusobacterium,pancreatic cancer,"Although neither CIMP status nor MLH1 methylation correlate with tumor Fusobacterium species status, our results show that the CIMP-high status is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of pancreatic cancer.",na,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and pancreatic cancer? 1029,EAEC,diarrhea,"It is worth noting, however, that the association between bacterial pathogens and RV1 response was contingent on the exclusion of EAEC, which we omitted from primary comparisons because of its high prevalence and limited association with diarrhea during previous studies in resource-poor settings using TACs.",na,What is the relationship between EAEC and diarrhea? 1030,Escherichia,UC,A marginal inverse correlation between Escherichia phage and Escherichia genus bacteria in UC mucosa was observed (figure 7B).,negative,What is the relationship between Escherichia and UC? 1031,Yersinia enterocolitica,IBD,"[2] showed that individual T cell clones from IBD patients were reactive to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica.",relate,What is the relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica and IBD? 1032,Streptococcus salivarius,IBD,"Two facultative anaerobes showed increased abundance in IBD patients (Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus parasanguinis), whereas six anaerobes showed decreased abundance in the IBD samples (including Blautia obeum and Alistipes putredinis; Additional file 3: Table S3).",positive,What is the relationship between Streptococcus salivarius and IBD? 1033,Fn,CRC,"These findings not only suggest the immense potential of Fn as a clinically actionable biomarker for precise treatment in stage III/IV patients, but also provide a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy for them that targeting Fn may be helpful for preventing CRC metastasis and improving chemotherapy efficacy.",negative,What is the relationship between Fn and CRC? 1034,Desulfovibrio,nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,Xie et al.found that Desulfovibrio was markedly increased in STZ-HFD-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and was positively correlated with LPS levels [53].,positive,What is the relationship between Desulfovibrio and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis? 1035,Klebsiella,colitis,"In summary, our study demonstrates that cinobufacini could modulate the composition of the intestinal flora and restore the relative abundances of vital bacteria including Klebsiella, Proteus, Entrobacter and Bacteroides, preventing the imbalance of gut microbiota in DSS-induced colitis.",negative,What is the relationship between Klebsiella and colitis? 1036,Enterococcus faecalis,colon cancer14,"Oxygen free radicals in the intestinal environment can have a negative influence on intestinal homeostasis; specifically, O2?? is reportedly produced in the colon of rats inoculated with a specific strain of Enterococcus faecalis, and this radical has been implicated in colon cancer14.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and colon cancer14? 1037,enterococcus,pneumonia,"Individually selected and cultured probiotic strains of lactobacillus or enterococcus were successfully tested in the clinic on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and pneumonia (Suvorov, 2013).",relate,What is the relationship between enterococcus and pneumonia? 1038,Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895,colorectal cancer,"Since different strains were available for these species, only strains described in human colorectal cancer and available in biocyc.org were chosen: Fusobcterium nucleatum animalis 11_3_2; Microbacterium testaceum 87StLB037; Slackia exgua ATCC 700122 and Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895.",relate,What is the relationship between Citrobacter Koseri ATCC BAA-895 and colorectal cancer? 1039,Brucella,ASD,"Furthermore, when the taxa abudance between ASD and DD children were compared, two taxa were elevated in children with ASD, Brucella (FDR?=?0.05) and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF (FDR?=?0.05), while one taxa (Flavobacterium sp.",positive,What is the relationship between Brucella and ASD? 1040,Mycobacterium avium,IBD,"Species-level analysis also failed to identify any pathogenic species that have been previously associated with IBD such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Yersinia spp or Listeria spp.",relate,What is the relationship between Mycobacterium avium and IBD? 1041,Blautia coccoides,RA,"No previous association of Blautia coccoides (which was depleted in our na?ve group) with RA was reported; nonetheless, it was shown that enriching the gut microbiota of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Blautia coccoides, together with Ruminococcus obeum and Bifidobacterium bifidum, improved the inflammatory status by inducing the production of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) [31].",relate,What is the relationship between Blautia coccoides and RA? 1042,Streptococcus,CD,"Similarly, Streptococcus and Fusicatenibacter were found in higher levels in MP than in CD and DU (p = 0.021?0.043).",relate,What is the relationship between Streptococcus and CD? 1043,Klebsiella pneumoniae,gut dysbiosis,"We found that the increased susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae in alcohol-fed animals is, in part, mediated by gut dysbiosis, as alcohol-na?ve animals recolonized with a microbiota isolated from alcohol-fed mice had an increased K. pneumoniae burden compared to mice recolonized with a control microbiota.",relate,What is the relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and gut dysbiosis? 1044,Veillonella,periodontitis,"On the other side, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Fusobacterium are genera in which different species have been related to healthy and diseased conditions (caries, periodontitis, halitosis and even oral cancer) [21?25].",relate,What is the relationship between Veillonella and periodontitis? 1045,Enterococcus faecalis,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Enterococcus faecalis and gastric cancer? 1046,Ruminococcus,CD,"To further support these claims, we also examined the anaerobic bacteria F. plautii and Ruminococcus sp., which display increased ICI in CD patients compared to non-IBD patients and were isolated live from our pediatric cohort.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus and CD? 1047,GBS,maternal infection,Maternal UTI during pregnancy and maternal GBS captured using ICD-9-CM codes served as our indicator of maternal infection and antibiotic use during pregnancy.,relate,What is the relationship between GBS and maternal infection? 1048,Salmonella enterica,advanced solid tumours,"Additionally, a Salmonella enterica flagellin derivative (CBLB502), is under investigation for the treatment of patients with advanced solid tumours.",relate,What is the relationship between Salmonella enterica and advanced solid tumours? 1049,Ruminococcus gnavus,CHD,"Therefore, in this study, Ruminococcus gnavus might show different characteristics in two different diseases of CHD-NAFLD and CHD and further research was needed.",relate,What is the relationship between Ruminococcus gnavus and CHD? 1050,Clostridium,atopic disease,"Infants fed formula from ruminant milk, lacking fucosylated RMOs, display lower abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium relative to increased abundances of Clostridium, Bacteroides, and members of the Enterobactereaceae family, which may result in a predisposition to colitis and atopic disease later in life [42].",positive,What is the relationship between Clostridium and atopic disease? 1051,S. pneumoniae,influenza A virus infection,"Specifically, S. pneumoniae has been shown to establish a mutually beneficial relationship with the influenza virus, with studies suggesting that influenza A virus infection can enhance the transmission of S. pneumoniae.44,45 Wen et?al.",positive,What is the relationship between S. pneumoniae and influenza A virus infection? 1052,Propionibacterium acnes,periodontitis,"A few years before, in 2012, the same author, together with R??as (11), isolated Propionibacterium acnes (52% prevalence), as the most frequently present microorganism in cases of post-treatment apical periodontitis.",positive,What is the relationship between Propionibacterium acnes and periodontitis? 1053,Citrobacter freundii,atrophic gastritis,"False-positive results were observed in case of adult patients with acid-free stomach, caused by atrophic gastritis or a long-term use of PPIs, where urease-positive bacterial species such as Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae were cultured.",na,What is the relationship between Citrobacter freundii and atrophic gastritis? 1054,Lactobacillus sakei,colitis,"In this context, the administration of Lactobacillus sakei, a bacterium isolated from the traditional seed mash used for brewing sake, showed the capacity to ameliorate colon shortening and MPO activity, as well as the infiltration of antigen presenting cells (APC) into the colon in the TNBS-induced colitis model.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus sakei and colitis? 1055,Proteus mirabilis,gastroduodenal infections,"In fact, ureolytic activity has a key role in the pathogenesis of bacteria such as Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Ureoplasma urealyticum, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and such activity has been reported in diseases such as urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, ammonia encephalopathy, HE, hepatic coma, and gastroduodenal infections [4], [28].",relate,What is the relationship between Proteus mirabilis and gastroduodenal infections? 1056,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Clostridium botulinum,"Accordingly, Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridium botulinum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ralstonia pickettii, Salmonella enterica, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Aspergillus ostianus, A. sydowii, Penicillium citrinum, and P. steckii have been detected.",na,What is the relationship between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Clostridium botulinum? 1057,Fusobacterium,colorectal cancer,"Similarly, Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium nucletum are identified to be highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue compared to the matched tissue, and Fusobacterium nucletum is proved to be associated with high microsatellite instability [24].",positive,What is the relationship between Fusobacterium and colorectal cancer? 1058,Lactobacillus casei,diabetes,"Oral inoculation (0.05%) or diet supplementation (0.1%) of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei in several mouse models including KK-Ay mice, NOD mice, and Alloxan-induced diabetic mice led to reduced plasma glucose level and diabetes development (171, 172).",negative,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus casei and diabetes? 1059,Bacteroides fragilis,CRC,For example polysaccharide A (PSA) in Bacteroides fragilis inhibited CRC cell proliferation by controlling the cell cycle and impaired CRC cell migration and invasion by suppressing EMT (23).,negative,What is the relationship between Bacteroides fragilis and CRC? 1060,SA,hypogammaglobulinemia,"On the other hand, non-SA carriers seemed to have lower CD4 counts and a steeper decline of total Ig after 2 g of RTX and were more prone to infections and to discontinue RTX due to hypogammaglobulinemia.",na,What is the relationship between SA and hypogammaglobulinemia? 1061,Enterococcus,UC,"There were four genera significantly altered in all the PSC subgroups as compared with healthy controls?Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Fusobacterium, all but the latter exclusively associated?with PSC dysbiosis, and not with UC nor CD dysbiosis (figure 3B).",na,What is the relationship between Enterococcus and UC? 1062,Lactobacillus acidophilus,gastric cancer,"In the present study, the probiotic combination of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus was supplied to gastric cancer patients with partial gastrectomy, and their effect on reducing the severity of physiological disorders and microbial diversity in the stomach and faeces were investigated.",relate,What is the relationship between Lactobacillus acidophilus and gastric cancer? 1063,Hp,ulcer disease,Molecular interaction between streptococci and Hp may play a role in ulcer disease and deserves further investigation.,relate,What is the relationship between Hp and ulcer disease? 1064,Clostridium,intestinal disorder,Bloom of a novel Clostridium species characterizes the ERE onset ERE is an intestinal disorder that develops very rapidly (rabbits diminish food intake abruptly and other signs of the disease appear within 48?h after disease initiation [8]).,relate,What is the relationship between Clostridium and intestinal disorder? 1065,Clostridium,atherosclerosis,"In contrast, HF diet induced significant increase in abundances of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium (p?