term stringlengths 3 25 | vi stringlengths 5 56 | description stringlengths 18 156 |
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Abandonment | Sự bỏ rơi, bỏ bê | When a parent leaves a child without enough care, supervision, support, or parental contact for an excessive period of time. |
Abate | Hủy bỏ; đình chỉ | To put an end to; to cancel out. |
Abatement of Action | Đình chỉ việc kiện tụng | A suit which has been set aside and ended. |
Abduction | Sự bắt cóc | The offense of taking away a wife, child, or ward, by deceitful persuasion, force, or violence. |
Abrogate | Hủy tiêu, hủy bỏ | To repeal or cancel an old law using another law or constitutional power. |
Abstract | Bản tóm lược | A summary of what a court or government agency does. |
Abstract of Judgment | Tóm lược án văn | Summary of the court's final decision. Can be used as a lien if filed with the county recorder. |
Abuse | Sự lạm dụng; ngược đãi | (1) Immoderate or improper use; (2) to do physical, sexual, or psychological harm to someone. |
Accessory | Tòng phạm | A person who helps someone else commit a crime, either before or after the crime. |
Accomplice | Tòng phạm, đồng lõa | A person that helps someone else commit a crime. Can be on purpose or not. |
Accusation | Sự cáo buộc, khởi tố lệnh trạng | A formal charge against a person. |
Accused | Bị cáo; can phạm | The person that is charged with a crime and has to go to criminal court. |
Acquit | Tha bổng, xử trắng án | To legally find the innocence of a person charged with a crime; to find a defendant not guilty in a criminal trial. |
Acquittal | Sự tha bổng, trắng án | When a judge or jury finds that the person on trial is not guilty. |
Action | Tố quyền, sự kiện tụng | In court, when one person sues someone else to defend or enforce a right, stop something bad from happening, or punish them for a crime. |
Addendum | Bản đính kèm, văn bản bổ sung | A thing added or to be added. |
Adjournment | Đình hoãn; ngưng | To put off a court hearing until another time or place. |
Adjudicate | Xét xử; phân xử | When a judge hears and decides a case. |
Adjudication | Sự xét xử, phân xử | The judge's decision in a case or action. |
Administrative Procedure | Thủ tục hành chánh | The way an executive government agency makes and enforces support orders without going to court. |
Admissible | Có thể chấp nhận được | Pertinent and proper to be considered in reaching a decision. |
Admissible Evidence | Bằng chứng có thể chấp nhận được | Evidence that can be legally and properly used in court. |
Admonish | Khuyến cáo, cảnh cáo | To warn, advise, or scold. |
Adoption | Việc nhận con nuôi | The way to make the relationship between a parent and child legal when they are not related by blood. |
Adverse Witness | Nhân chứng đối nghịch | A person called to testify for the other side. |
Affiant | Người lập chứng thư hữu thệ | A person who makes and signs an affidavit. |
Affidavit | Chứng thư hữu thệ | A written statement that someone swears to under oath in front of someone that is legally authorized, like a judge or notary public. |
Affirmation | Sự xác định, khẳng định | When an appellate court says that the lower court's decision was right. |
Affirmative Defense | Sự biện hộ khẳng định | When a defendant gives the court new evidence showing why he or she is not guilty or not at fault. |
Agent | Người đại diện; người được ủy quyền | Someone who has authority to act for another. |
Agency | Người đại diện được ủy quyền hành động nhân danh cơ quan | One person acts for or represents another by authority. |
Aggravating Factors | Yếu tố gia trọng | Any factors associated with the commission of a crime which increase the seriousness of the offense. |
Agreement | Sự thỏa thuận | When the people involved in a legal dispute agree about something. |
Aid and Abet | Tiếp tay và xúi giục phạm pháp | To help or assist in committing a crime. |
Alibi | Chứng cứ ngoại phạm; bất tại trường | A defense claim that the accused was somewhere else at the time a crime was committed. |
Alimony | Tiền cấp dưỡng cho người phối ngẫu | Money the court orders you to pay to a spouse or ex-spouse. |
Allegation | Sự viện lý, viện lẽ, luận cứ | A statement or claim that is made and has not been proved to be true or false. |
Appeal | Kháng án; chống án | When someone that loses at least part of a case asks a higher court to review the decision. |
Appellate Court | Tòa phúc thẩm | A court that can review how the law was used to decide a case in a lower court. |
Arbitration | Thủ tục trọng tài | When a person not involved in the case looks at the evidence, hears the arguments, and makes a decision. |
Arraignment | Phiên tòa luận tội; thông tri cáo trạng | When a person accused of a crime is taken to court, told about the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty. |
Arrearage | Tiền cấp dưỡng còn thiếu | Child support that is overdue or unpaid. |
Arrest | Bắt giữ | The legal capture of a person who is charged with a crime. |
Arson | Tội phóng hỏa | The malicious burning of someone's own house or of someone else's house, or of someone's commercial or industrial property. |
Assault | Sự hành hung | When someone tries or threatens to hurt someone else. |
Assault and Battery | Hành hung với vũ khí gây tử thương | When someone tries to hurt someone and there is a threat to do bodily harm using a weapon. |
Assignment | Sự bổ nhậm, chỉ định | Choosing someone to do something, such as assigning cases to judges or lawyers to defendants. |
Assumption of Risk | Việc gánh chịu mọi rủi ro | A defense to a personal injury lawsuit where the plaintiff assumed the known risk of a dangerous condition. |
Attachment | Lệnh tịch biên, sai áp tài sản | A way to collect a judgment by getting a court order to take a piece of property. |
Attempt | Toan tính, có ý định, mưu tính | An effort to do an act or commit a crime. |
Attorney | Luật sư | Someone qualified to represent clients in court and to give them legal advice. |
Authenticate | Chứng thực; chứng nhận | To give authority or legal authenticity to a statute, record, or other written document. |
Bail | Tiền thế chân, bảo chứng | A security deposit (usually money) given to release a defendant or witness from custody and to make sure they go to court when they're supposed to. |
Bail Bond | Chứng phiếu thế chân | A legal paper bought from a bondsman and given to the court instead of bail. |
Bail Bondsman | Người bán chứng phiếu thế chân | Person who is responsible for paying the bond for the defendant's release from jail. |
Bailiff | Cảnh sát tòa | Person who is in charge of security in the court. |
Bankruptcy | Việc khai phá sản; sự phá sản | The legal way for a business or person to get help when they can't pay the money they owe. |
Bar | Luật sư đoàn | All of the lawyers qualified to practice law. |
Battery | Sự đánh đập, bạo hành | Illegal beating or physical violence or control of a person without their permission. |
Bench | Án thư / Thẩm phán | (1) The desk where a judge sits in court; (2) judges in general, or a specific judge. |
Bench Trial | Phiên xử bởi tòa (không có hội thẩm đoàn) | Trial without a jury. The judge decides the case. |
Beneficiary | Người thụ hưởng | Someone who gets something from a trust. |
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt | Vượt mức nghi ngờ hợp lý | The burden of proof in a criminal case requiring that the jury be convinced that every element of a crime has been proven by the prosecution. |
Bond | Trái phiếu, giấy nợ | A certificate or evidence of a debt. |
Booking | Đăng ký lý lịch | What the police do when they arrest someone, including taking fingerprints, photographs, and recording personal information. |
Breach | Sự vi phạm, bội tín | The breaking or violating of a law, right, obligation, or duty either by doing an act or failing to do an act. |
Breach of Contract | Vi phạm trật tự công cộng | Breaking the terms of a contract by acting unlawfully or failing to perform obligations. |
Brief | Lý đoán | A written statement that each side gives the court to say why the court should decide in their favor. |
Burden of Proof | Trách nhiệm chứng minh, bổn phận dẫn chứng | When one person in the case has to prove more than the other person. |
Burglary | Ăn trộm | When someone unlawfully breaks into or enters a building or home, intending to or committing a theft or other serious crime. |
Calendar | Lịch đăng đường | A list of all the cases in each courtroom every day. |
Case | Vụ, vụ kiện | A lawsuit or a complaint filed in criminal, traffic, or civil court. |
Case Law | Án lệ | Law made by earlier decisions in similar cases. |
Case Number | Số hồ sơ vụ án | The number that identifies a case; on all papers filed in the case. |
Cause of Action | Lý do khởi tố | The charges that make up the case or lawsuit. |
Cease and Desist Order | Lệnh đình chỉ và hủy bỏ | An order of an administrative agency or court prohibiting a person or business from doing something. |
Certification | Lệnh chuyển tòa | A judge's order to move a criminal case to another court in a different county. |
Challenge | Tranh biện, phản đối | Someone's right to object to or fight something in a legal case. |
Chambers | Phòng chánh án | A judge's private office. |
Charge | Sự cáo buộc, tội danh | In criminal law, each thing the defendant is accused of. |
Child Abuse | Hành hạ trẻ em | Hurting a child physically, sexually, or emotionally. |
Child Custody | Quyền nuôi giữ con | The care and control of a child as awarded by a court. |
Child Support | Sự cấp dưỡng con | Money paid by a parent to help support a child or children. |
Circumstantial Evidence | Bằng chứng gián tiếp | All evidence that is indirect; testimony not based on actual personal knowledge or observation of the facts in dispute. |
Citation | Giấy phạt, giấy báo gọi ra tòa | A court order or summons that tells a defendant what the charges are and tells the defendant to go to court. |
Civil Action | Tố quyền dân sự | Noncriminal case in which one private individual or business sues another to protect, enforce private or civil rights. |
Civil Case | Vụ kiện dân sự | A lawsuit to get property back, to force someone to complete a contract, or to protect someone's civil rights. |
Civil Law | Luật tố tụng dân sự | The rules and process by which a civil case is tried and appealed. |
Claim | Việc đòi bồi thường | The statement of a right to money or property. |
Clerk | Thư ký tòa | Officer of the court who files pleadings, motions, judgments, issues process, and keeps records of court proceedings. |
Closing Argument | Lời biện luận kết thúc | Counsel's final statement to the judge and/or jury after all parties have concluded their presentation of evidence. |
Code | Bộ luật | The law created by statutes, such as the California Penal Code. |
Co-Defendant | Đồng phạm | In a criminal case, an individual charged with involvement in the same crime as another. |
Codicil | Bản bổ sung di chúc | A legal paper that adds to or changes a will. |
Coercion | Cưỡng chế | Compulsion; constraint; compelling by force, arms, or threat. |
Collateral | Vật thế chấp | Property that is pledged as security against a debt. |
Common Law | Thông luật, luật tập tục, luật bất thành văn | Laws that come from court decisions and not from statutes or constitutions. |
Community Service | Dịch vụ cộng đồng | Work performed as punishment for a crime; may be performed instead of a fine or as a condition of probation. |
Commutation | Sự giảm án | The reduction of a sentence, such as from death to life imprisonment. |
Complainant | Nguyên đơn | Person who wants to start a court case against another person. |
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