TITLE: Inverse of partial differential operator as a smooth tame map
QUESTION [7 upvotes]: Tameness for maps is one of the main ingredients for the Nash-Moser inverse function theorem. A linear map $f: X \to Y$ between Fŕechet spaces with fixed seminorms is called tame if we have an estimate of the form 
$$ ||f(x)||_k \leq C ||x||_{k+r}$$
for some $C$ and $r$ (and all $k$), where $|| \cdot ||_k$ denotes the $k$-th seminorm. Hamilton (1982) shows that every partial differential operator is a tame map and, moreover, he claims that many inverses of partial differential operators are also tame. A few pages later, he shows that the Green's operator of an elliptic differential operator is tame.
What are examples of other differential operators with tame inverses? (In particular, is there any hope that inverses to hyperbolic operators are tame?)

REPLY [6 votes]: An addendum to Deanne Yang's answer. Actually, if a linear hyperbolic equation is degenerate, meaning that the characteristic roots are real but not distinct, then the inverse operator presents a loss of derivatives, meaning that it takes $H^s$ to $H^{s-m}$ for some $m>0$. This is an actual phenomenon and not a defect of the estimates. Indeed, the solution of the 1D equation $u_{tt} − t^2 u_{xx} = (4k+1) u_x $ can be written explicitly for integer $k$ and loses exactly $k$ derivatives (this was proved by Qi Min-you in 1958).
Thus the inverse of a degenerate hyperbolic equation is a perfect example of a smooth tame map, and the Nash-Moser theorem can be used to handle the nonlinear equations. I used myself this idea in a couple of papers.
EDIT: I lost track of the hardcopy of QMY's paper, which I had at some point, anyway from my notes the solution with initial data 0 and $\phi(x)$ should be
$$u(t,x)=\sum_{j=1}^{k}
\frac{\sqrt{\pi}t^{2j}}{j!(k-j)!\Gamma(j+1/2)}
\phi^{(j)}(x+t^{2}/2).$$
EDIT 2: Wait: in section 6 of this paper the example is extended to a more general class of equations.