TITLE: Probability of throwing the same multiset twice in a row with six dice
QUESTION [7 upvotes]: Six dice are thrown. The six dice are thrown a second time. What is the probability of getting the same numbers as in the first throw? If the order of the six numbers matters, the problem is easy, but if the order does not matter, I find myself in troubles, because I should consider too many cases depending on the number of repeated numbers and don't know how to proceed.

REPLY [5 votes]: Based initially on Mark Dominus's table, you get 
Pattern  Ways Different Ways/Different  (Ways/Different)^2  Ways^2/Different
AAAAAA      6     6         1                1                    6
AAAAAB    180    30         6               36                 1080
AAAABB    450    30        15              225                 6750
AAAABC   1800    60        30              900                54000
AAABBB    300    15        20              400                 6000
AAABBC   7200   120        60             3600               432000
AAABCD   7200    60       120            14400               864000
AABBCC   1800    20        90             8100               162000
AABBCD  16200    90       180            32400              2916000
AABCDE  10800    30       360           129600              3888000
ABCDEF    720     1       720           518400               518400
Sum     46656   462      1602           708062              8848236

And the answer is $\dfrac{8848236}{46656^2} \approx 0.0040648\ldots$
Note, as joriki suggests, that $8848236$ is the sixth term of OEIS A033935, though if you are using a number of six-sided dice then OEIS A169715 is more relevant.