TITLE: Constant functions
QUESTION [14 upvotes]: Let $f$ , $g$ , $h$ be three functions from the set of positive real numbers to itself satisfying $$f(x)g(y) = h\left((x^2+y^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)$$ for all positive real numbers $x$ , $y$ . Show that $\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}$ , $\dfrac{g(x)}{h(x)}$ and $\dfrac{h(x)}{f(x)}$ are all constant functions .

I have proved that $\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}$ is constant and can see that proving either of the last two will prove the final one , but I am not able to prove any of the last two .
Thanks for any help .

REPLY [6 votes]: forall $x,y,z>0$,  $h(\sqrt{x^2+y^2})f(z) = f(x) g(y) f(z) = f(x) h(\sqrt{y^2+z^2})$,
thus $\frac {h(\sqrt{x^2+y^2})}{h(\sqrt{z^2+y^2})} = \frac{f(x)}{f(z)} $.
Therefore, forall $x,y,z,t > 0$ : $\frac {h(\sqrt{x^2+z^2})}{h(\sqrt{y^2+z^2})} = \frac {f(x)}{f(y)} = \frac {h(\sqrt{x^2+z^2+t^2})}{h(\sqrt{y^2+z^2+t^2})} = \frac {f(\sqrt{x^2+z^2})}{f(\sqrt{y^2+z^2})}$, thus $\frac {h(\sqrt{x^2+z^2})}{f(\sqrt{x^2+z^2})} = \frac{h(\sqrt{y^2+z^2})}{f(\sqrt{y^2+z^2})} $, which proves that $h/f$ is a constant function.