TITLE: How do I calculate the number of different combinations of multiple sets' elements (different number of elements on each set)?
QUESTION [15 upvotes]: First of all, I have no experience with mathematics, so my terminology may be wrong, but let me illustrate my question:
Let's say that I have 4 different sets of elements:
[apples, oranges, lemons]
[a, b, c, d, e]
[black, white, red, blue]
[1, 2]

I want to find how many different combinations of the items there are. Notice:

The combinations will always have 1 item from every list
The 1st item in every combination will be chosen from the 1st list, the 2nd from the 2nd etc.

So, basically the first 5 combinations would be:

apples - a - black - 1
apples - a - black - 2
apples - a - white - 1
apples - a - white - 2
apples - a - red - 1

etc etc
Sorry for not putting it in mathematical terms but I hope you understand what I'm trying to ask.

REPLY [18 votes]: Just multiply the number of elements in each step. This is called the rule of product.
To state it simply, if you have $a$ ways to select something from a set, and $b$ ways to select another from another set, you have $a \cdot b$ ways to select one element from each set. This also applies if you have more than 2 sets.