TITLE: What does it mean for a sequence of sheaves to be exact
QUESTION [9 upvotes]: Let $F, G, H$ be sheaves on a topological space $X$, and let $$F \xrightarrow{\alpha} G \xrightarrow{\beta} H $$ be morphisms of sheaves.  By definition,  $\textrm{Ker } \beta$ is the subpresheaf $U \mapsto \textrm{Ker}(\beta(U))$ of $G$, and it is in fact a sheaf.  If $O$ is the subpresheaf of $G$ given by $U \mapsto \textrm{Image}(\alpha(U))$, then $\textrm{Im } \alpha$ is defined to be any sheafification of $O$.  Let $\theta: O \rightarrow \textrm{Im } \alpha$ be a morphism of presheaves such that the pair $(\textrm{Im } \alpha, \theta)$ satisfies the universal property for sheafification.
I've seen the definition that the sequence above is exact if $\textrm{Ker } \beta = \textrm{Im } \alpha$, but I'm confused as to what this really means.  I am aware that the sheafification $(\textrm{Im } \alpha, \theta)$ may be chosen to literally be a subsheaf of $G$ (from the fact that $\theta$ preserves an isomorphism on the stalks, and a morphism of sheaves is injective on the sections if and only if it is injective on the stalks).  But even so, any sheafification of $O$ which is a subsheaf of $G$ need not be uniquely determined (as far as I can see).  Can anyone clarify what it means for a sequence of sheaves to be exact?

REPLY [3 votes]: Let's take an example, a piece of the Poincare sequence on a smooth manifold $M$
$$ \Omega^k_M \overset{d_k}{\to}\Omega^{k+1}_M \overset{d_{k+1}}{\to} \Omega^{k+2}_M$$
It is exact at the term $\Omega^{k+1}(M)$. This means two things: 
First, $d_{k+1}\circ d_k=0$.
Second, for every open subset $U$ of $M$ and $\omega \in \Omega^{k+1}_M(U)$ a $k+1$-differential form with $d \omega = 0$, there exists a covering $V_i$ of $U$ and $\eta_i \in \Omega^k_M(V_i)$ so that
$d_k(\eta_i)= \omega_{|V_i}$ ( any closed form is ${\it locally}$ exact).