TITLE: Find all rational numbers $\frac p q$ such that $0 < p < q$ are relatively prime and $pq=25!$
QUESTION [7 upvotes]: Find all the rational numbers $\frac p q$ such that all the below three conditions are satisfied.

$$0<\frac{p}q<1,$$
  $$p  \hspace{4 mm}  \text{and} \hspace{5 mm}q \hspace{5 mm}\text{are relatively prime, and}$$
  $$pq=25!$$

My try
What i feel that answer should be $\sum_{r=1}^{9}\binom{9}{r}$
I have arranged the 9 primes between 1 to 25.
but i guess not correct.
i still think that i am doing some silly mistake. Can you please provide me the answer ?

REPLY [4 votes]: Observation 1: $25! = 2^{22} \cdot 3^{10} \cdot 5^6 \cdot 7^3 \cdot 11^2 \cdot 13 \cdot 17 \cdot 19 \cdot 23$
Observation 2: $m$ and $n$ are comprised of and only of these factors. Also, if a prime factor divides $m$, it cannot divide $n$. Hence, the factors must occur in clusters, in which all primes are together.

The problem thus reduces to partitioning the 9 clusters $ 2^{22}, 3^{10} , 5^6 , 7^3 , 11^2 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 23$ into $m$ and $n$.
For any cluster, there are two choices, it could either be in $m$ or in $n$. So, there are $2^9$ ways to split them.
How do we eliminate the cases where $m > n$? Well, for any pair $(m, n)$, if $m > n$, switching them obtains a pair $(n, m)$, where $n < m$. Hence there are half as many ways to split the numbers in the way we desire.
That'd be $\frac{2^9}{2} = \boxed{2^8}$ ways.