TITLE: What is the prerequisite knowledge for learning Godel's incompleteness theorem
QUESTION [26 upvotes]: I am very interested in learning the incompleteness theorem and its proof.
But first I must know what things I need to learn first.
My current knowledge consists of basic high school education and the foundations of linear algebra and calculus which probably wont help but I figured it's worth mentioning.
I prefer that you recommend books as well as abstract subjects that I should learn. 
Also, a place where I can find the proof would be nice to have.
Thanks in advance!

REPLY [7 votes]: For the proof you may want to actually take a look at Gödel's 1931 paper here. As for gentle introduction, along Douglas Hofstadter's Gödel,Escher, Bach I highly recommend Gödel's Proof by Ernest Nagel and James Newman. A preview can be found in Google books, but the actual book is really lucid and short and starts off with Problem with Inconsistency.