TITLE: Mathematics named after places
QUESTION [20 upvotes]: Chinese Remainder Theorem is perhaps the most famous piece of mathematics named after a country. Another example, although less famous, is the concept of a Polish space. What other theorems, concepts or objects are named after a geographic region, a city or any other type of location?

REPLY [2 votes]: The Wonderful Demlo numbers were named by D. R. Kaprekar for an Indian train station.
(Where is that town/station? What are its geographical coordinates, and does it still exist today?)