TITLE: Evaluate $\sum_{n=1}^\infty 1/n^2$ using $\int_0^1 \int_0^1 \frac{\mathrm{d}x \, \mathrm{d}y}{1-xy}$
QUESTION [15 upvotes]: This paper http://math.ucsb.edu/~cmart07/Evaluating%20Integrals.pdf hints at a way to compute the sum $$ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2} $$ by expanding it into the double integral $$\int_0^1 \int_0^1 \frac{\mathrm{d}x \, \mathrm{d}y}{1-xy}.$$ Now for solving this integral, the paper suggests rotating the area $[0,1]^2$ by $45^\circ$ for then to rewrite it in polar coordinates. 
I have made a sketch of the area below, but I am having problems rewriting the integral in polar coordinates. 

Dissregarding the function I was thinking the limits would have to be
$$\int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4} \int_0^{\sqrt{\cos^4\theta + (\sqrt{2}-\cos^2\theta)^2}}r \,\mathrm{d}r\,\mathrm{d}\theta$$
but the upper limit is wrong for the radius. Hmm... I was basically finding the distance from the function $f(x) = \sqrt{2}-x$ to origo, then converting this to polar..
Any help computing the sum using the double integral transform would be very appreceated.
I already know several methods for computing the bessel identity, however this one stumped me.

REPLY [3 votes]: I think if you use Change of Variables in Double Integrals by using Jacobian such that $$u=y+x,v=y-x\;\; u\Big|_{0}^{\sqrt{2}},v\Big|_{0}^{\sqrt{2}}$$
your integral would be easy. See http://www.math24.net/change-of-variables-in-double-integrals.html for more.