TITLE: Visualizing Concepts in Mathematical Logic
QUESTION [12 upvotes]: If you were forced to speculate or offer anecdotal evidence, how would you say excellent practicioners of mathematical logic coneptually grasp statements like:
$$ \vdash ((P \rightarrow Q) \rightarrow Q) \rightarrow Q $$
...on an intuitive level?
Specifically, I'm curious if excellent practicioners will typically VISUALIZE such statements in any sort of way that doesn't involve mentally picturing the literal statement with its syntax as written above. For example, are Venn or Euler Diagrams typically a good way to go about things, or is that a bad idea in the long-run?
Personally, I know that with Analysis/Group Theory/Topology I have been successful in finding rough visualizations of pretty much every concept involved (with the understanding that mental pictures are not LITERAL representations of the relevant concepts and in fact can often be quite misleading if one is not careful with them); however, with logic I am finding this more difficult since the mathematical objects in question seem in many ways to be largely, explicitly syntactical. What this means is that the more I rougly convert formal statements into "intuitive" pictures, the more those intuitive pictures start to exactly resemble a specific interpretation which gets in the way of those sentences being explictly syntactical in nature.
As a consequence of this mess, I find myself getting confused in lacking basic intuitions over whether elementary statements are true or false before I attempt to prove them, unlike in other mathematical subjects.
In short, does anyone have any anecdotal or even speculative advice about how to be successful in visualizing (or NOT visualizing) the objects of Math Logic? How does one gain an intuitive feel for this subject?
Thanks!

REPLY [4 votes]: I think part of what makes excellent practitioners excellent is that they have many different intuitive representations of the things they work with, and can switch between them effortlessly according to what works well in a given situations. The important thing is to not stick with a single visualization and use that for everything, but to be familiar with a range of possibilities that you can quickly test to see if one of them is helpful for the task at hand.
The Curry-Howard isomorphism (see MJD's answers) is great to know, especially if you already have (functional) programming experience. Closely related to it is the intuitionistic conception of proofs as conversational games, an informal version of which is often used to explain the semantics of quantifiers to beginning students ("the adversary chooses an $\epsilon>0$ and then we have to produce a $\delta>0$ such that ..."). This can be extended to propositional connectives: If we want to prove $P\land Q$, the adversary chooses whether he wants to see our proof of $P$ or of $Q$, but to prove $P\lor Q$, we get to choose which of the proofs to present. If we must prove $P\to Q$, the adversary starts by giving us his proof of $P$, and afterwards we must prove $Q$.
More specifically visual, Venn diagrams can indeed be useful, but become cumbersome if there are many propositional letters. Personally I often find it surprisingly helpful simply to visualize the abstract syntax tree of a formula instead of its linear written syntax. This is related to (but distinct from) visualizing a propositional formula as a Boolean circuit containing gates and wires.
Even something as primitive as truth tables can be helpful for some purposes. For example, my best intuition about how the possible two-variable Boolean functions relate to each other is in terms of two-dimensional truth tables:
$$ \begin{array}{c|cc} \to & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \end{array}
\quad \begin{array}{c|cc} \land & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \end{array}
\quad \begin{array}{c|cc} \oplus & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{array}
\quad \begin{array}{c|cc} \text{a} & 0 & 1 \\ \hline 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{array}
\quad \ldots $$
where, for example "$\to$" and "$\land$" is similar because their truth tables both have a wedge of three identical squares with an odd one in one of the corners. I can make one into the other by flipping and inverting, which tells me that an AND gate can become an IMPLIES gate by adding inverters to some of the inputs and outputs, and vice versa.