TITLE: $\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1$ vs $\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{p^n}=q$
QUESTION [42 upvotes]: It just occurred to me that conjugate exponents, i.e. $p,q\in(1,+\infty)$ such that $$\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q} =1$$
also satisfy the relations:

$\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{p^n}=q;$
$\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{q^n}=p.$

I never saw this fact used in the study of $L^p$ spaces... does anyone know any application of these relations in that context?

REPLY [6 votes]: In the study of $L^p$ spaces, I think this implies, e.g., that a particular generalization of Hölder's inequality holds: Let $f_n \in L^{p^n}$ for $n \in \mathbb N$. Then
$$\left\Vert \prod_{n=0}^\infty f_n\right\Vert_{1/q} \leq \prod_{n=0}^\infty \Vert f_n \Vert_{p^n}.$$
This can be proven by passing to the limit here. I'm sure that one can construct more similarly artificial applications of this result.
Edit: It turns out that what I stated here is actually a special case of this answer.