TITLE: Monotonicity of trigonometric function
QUESTION [7 upvotes]: Consider the function
$$f(x)=\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin((2k+1)x)}$$
with $k$ a positive integer. It seems that $f$ is strictly increasing in $[0,\frac{\pi}{2(2k+1)}]$.  Is there some easy proof of this monotonicity property that does not invole differentiation (through suitable inequalities)?

REPLY [4 votes]: $$\begin{aligned}\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin((k+1)x)}&=\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin(kx)\cos(x)+\cos(kx)\sin(x)}\\
&=\frac{1}{\frac{\sin(kx)}{\sin(x)}\cos(x)+\cos(kx)}
\end{aligned}$$
Hence: $$\begin{aligned}\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin(kx)}\text{ increasing}&\iff\frac{\sin(kx)}{\sin(x)}\text{ decreasing}\\
&\Rightarrow \frac{\sin(kx)}{\sin(x)}\cos(x)\text{ decreasing}\\
&\iff\frac{\sin(kx)}{\sin(x)}\cos(x)+\cos(kx)\text{ decreasing}\\
&\iff\frac1{\frac{\sin(kx)}{\sin(x)}\cos(x)+\cos(kx)}\text{ increasing}\\
\\
&\iff\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin((k+1)x)}\text{ increasing}\\
\end{aligned}$$
Let $P(k)$ denote the proposition that $\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin(kx)}$ is increasing. Hence, we've shown that $P(k)\rightarrow P(k+1)$. So, we may use $P(1)$ (as shown in @Kusma's answer) to inductively prove that $\frac{\sin(x)}{\sin((2k+1)x)}$ is increasing over $[0,\frac{\pi}{2(2k+1)}]$ for all $k\in\mathbb{N}$.