TITLE: Is $\sin(e)$ rational or irrational?
QUESTION [24 upvotes]: We know that $\pi$ and $e$ are transcendental numbers. Here $\sin(x)$ is a real trigonometric function. We know that $\sin(\pi)=0$ which is rational.
Now I am wondering to know that whether $\sin(e)$ is rational or irrational. In addition, if it is irrational then whether $\sin(e)$ is transcendental.

REPLY [10 votes]: ** comment **
Mark says to use Schanuel's conjecture.  Here it is.  
We know $e$ is real and nonzero, so the two numbers $ie$ and $1$ are linearly independent over the rationals.  From Schanuel's conjecture, we conclude that the transcendence degree of
$$
\mathbb Q(ie,1,e^{ie},e^1)
$$
is at least $2$.  But $1$ is algebraic, and $ie, e$ are algebraically related, so we conclude that $e^{ie}$ is transcendental.  Now
$$
\sin e = \frac{e^{ie}-e^{-ie}}{2i} = \frac{1}{2i}\left(e^{ie} - \frac{1}{e^{ie}}\right)
$$
so if $\sin e$ were algebraic, then solving a quadratic equation we would conclude that $e^{ie}$ would be algebraic.  Therefore,
$\sin e$ is transcentental.
Of course, Schanuel's conjecture is only a conjecture...