TITLE: Another difficult 2D trigonometric integral
QUESTION [8 upvotes]: This is a follow-up question to  A difficult 2d trigonometric integral. Unfortunately, I had a mistake in my calculations and I need a different (yet similar) seemingly simple integral solved: 
$$\int_{a}^{b}\int_{a}^{y}\frac{\sin(x-y)}{xy}\mathop{\mathrm{d}x}\mathop{\mathrm{d}y}$$
For some $0<a<b$. The same methods as before can not be applied here, and I've been sitting for hours trying to solve this. Solutions (also using  $\mathop{\mathrm{Si}}$ & $\mathop{\mathrm{Ci}}$ functions) would be very-very-very appreciated.
Thanks!

REPLY [5 votes]: First, use the identity $\sin (x-y)=\sin x \cos y - \cos x \sin y$, and the sum rule to get $$\int_a^b\left[\int_a^y\frac{\sin x\cos y}{xy}\mathrm{d}x-\int_a^y\frac{\cos x\sin y}{xy} \mathrm{d}x \right]\mathrm{d}y$$ 
Pull out the constants and you get $$\int_a^b\left[ \frac{\cos{y}}{y}\int_a^y\frac{\sin x}{x}\mathrm{d}x-\frac{\sin y}{y}\int_a^y\frac{\cos x}{x}\mathrm{d}x \right]\mathrm{d}y$$
This simplifies to $$\int_a^b\left[\frac{\cos y}{y}\Bigr[\mathrm{Si}(x)\Bigr]_a^y-\frac{\sin y}{y}\Bigr[\mathrm{Ci}(x)\Bigr]_a^y\right]\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\int_a^b\left[\frac{\cos y}{y}\Bigr(\mathrm{Si}(y)-\mathrm{Si}(a)\Bigr)-\frac{\sin y}{y}\Bigr(\mathrm{Ci}(y)-\mathrm{Ci}(a)\Bigr)\right]\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\int_a^b\left[\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}-\frac{\mathrm{Si}(a)\cos y}{y}-\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}+\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(a)\sin y}{y}\right]\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(a)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y+\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(a)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
$\mathrm{Si}(a)$ and $\mathrm{Ci}(a)$ are constants, so they come out of their respective integrals, which further simplify. $$\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\mathrm{Si}(a)\int_a^b\frac{\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y+\mathrm{Ci}(a)\int_a^b\frac{\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\mathrm{Si}(a)\Bigr[\mathrm{Ci}(y)\Bigr]_a^b-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y+\mathrm{Ci}(a)\Bigr[\mathrm{Si}(y)\Bigr]_a^b$$
$$\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(b)+\mathrm{Si}(b)\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(a)+\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\mathrm{Si}(b)\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(b)+\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
Using integration by parts, we can transform $-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$ into the other integral. $$-\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Ci}(y)\sin y}{y}\mathrm{d}y = -\Bigr[\mathrm{Si}(y)\mathrm{Ci}(y)\Bigr]_a^b+\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
Substituting, we get $$\mathrm{Si}(b)\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(b)+\mathrm{Si}(a)\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Si}(b)\mathrm{Ci}(b)+2\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\big(\mathrm{Si}(a)+\mathrm{Si}(b)\big)\big(\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Ci}(b)\big)+2\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}$$
Now, to the best of my knowledge, that integral has no elementary solution. After laboring over it, I finally ran it through Maxima, which uses the Risch Algorithm,  and it got nothing as well. However, we can expand the sine integral as a convergent infinite series (source: [Wikipedia][1]), and then solve the integral from there. $$\mathrm{Si}(y)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^ny^{2n+1}}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}$$
Substituting this in, we get $$2\int_a^b\frac{\mathrm{Si}(y)\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{2(-1)^n}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\int_a^b\frac{y^{2n-1}\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y$$
$$\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{2(-1)^n}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\int_a^b y^{2n}\cos y\,\mathrm{d}y$$
That integral is solvable, and can be found to be 
$$\int_a^b y^{2n}\cos y\,\mathrm{d}y=\Bigr[-\frac{1}{2}i^{2n+1}\big[\Gamma(2n+1,-ix)+(-1)^{2n}\Gamma(2n+1,ix)\big]\Bigr]_a^b$$
Plugging this in we get the final answer.
$$-\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{i^{4n+1}}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\big[\Gamma(2n+1,-ib)+(-1)^{2n}\Gamma(2n+1,ib)-\Gamma(2n+1,-ia)-(-1)^{2n}\Gamma(2n+1,ia)\big]$$
$$\big(\mathrm{Si}(a)+\mathrm{Si}(b)\big)\big(\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Ci}(b)\big)-\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{i^{4n+1}}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\big[\Gamma(2n+1,-ib)+(-1)^{2n}\Gamma(2n+1,ib)-\Gamma(2n+1,-ia)-(-1)^{2n}\Gamma(2n+1,ia)\big]$$
I have it worked out without the incomplete Gamma function as a double sum. If you want me to write out that solution as well, leave a comment.
EDIT:
Here's the solution involving infinite sums.
Now, because n is discrete, I can describe the integral as an infinite sum. I solved the integrals for the cases $n = 0$, $n=1$, and $n=2$, and constructed the rule
$$\int_a^b\frac{y^{2n-1}\cos y}{y}\mathrm{d}y=\left[\sum_{q=0}^{2n}(-1)^{q+1}\frac{2n!}{q!}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{q}\sin x}{\mathrm{d}x^{q}}x^q\right]_a^b$$
$$\sum_{q=0}^{2n}(-1)^{q+1}\frac{2n!}{q!}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{q}\sin b}{\mathrm{d}x^{q}}b^q-\sum_{q=0}^{2n}(-1)^{q+1}\frac{2n!}{q!}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{q}\sin a}{\mathrm{d}x^{q}}a^q$$
(I tested this for the case $n=3$, and it works fine). So, substituting this into the equation, we get
$$\sum_{n=0}^\infty\left[\frac{2(-1)^n}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\left[\sum_{q=0}^{2n}\left[(-1)^{q+1}\frac{2n!}{q!}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{q}\sin x}{\mathrm{d}x^{q}}x^q\right]\right]_a^b\right]$$
$$\big(\mathrm{Si}(a)+\mathrm{Si}(b)\big)\big(\mathrm{Ci}(a)-\mathrm{Ci}(b)\big)+2\sum_{n=0}^\infty\left[\frac{2(-1)^n}{(2n+1)(2n+1)!}\left[\sum_{q=0}^{2n}\left[(-1)^{q+1}\frac{2n!}{q!}\frac{\mathrm{d}^{q}\sin x}{\mathrm{d}x^{q}}x^q\right]\right]_a^b\right]$$