TITLE: Another integral with Catalan
QUESTION [6 upvotes]: Show that: 
$$\int_0^1\frac{\arcsin^3 x}{x^2}\text{d}x=6\pi G-\frac{\pi^3}{8}-\frac{21}{2}\zeta(3)$$
I evaluated this by some Fourier series. Is there any other method?
Start with substitution of $$u=\arcsin x$$
Then we have to integrate $$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{u^3\cos u}{\sin^2 u}\text{d}u=-\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u^3\csc u\text{d}u$$
Since $$\int\csc u\text{d}u=\ln (\csc u-\cot u)=\ln \left(\frac{1-\cos x}{\sin x}\right)=\ln 2+2\ln \left(\sin \frac{x}{2}\right)-\ln \sin x$$
Thus $$\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u^2\csc u\text{d}u=\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u^2\text{d}\left(2\ln \frac{\sin u}{2}-\ln \sin u\right)$$
$$=-\frac{\pi^2}{4}\ln 2-2\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u\left(2\ln \sin \frac{u}{2}-\ln \sin u\right)$$
$$=-\frac{\pi^2}{4}\ln 2-4\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u\ln \sin \frac{u}{2}\text{d}u+2\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u\ln \sin u\text{d}u$$
$$=-\frac{\pi^2}{4}\ln 2+4\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u\left[\ln 2+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\cos nu}{n}\right]\text{d}u-\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u^2\cot u\text{d}u$$
$$=\frac{\pi^2}{4}\ln 2+4\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}u\cos nu\text{d}u-\frac{\pi^2}{4}\ln 2+\frac78\zeta(3)$$
$$=\frac78\zeta(3)+2\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{-2+2\cos \frac{n\pi}{2}+n\pi \sin \frac{n\pi}{2}}{n^3}$$
$$=\frac78\zeta(3)-4\zeta(3)-\frac38\zeta(3)+2\pi G=2\pi G-\frac72\zeta(3)$$
Combine these gives $$\int_0^1\frac{\arcsin ^3x}{x^2}\text{d}x=6\pi G-\frac{\pi^3}{8}-\frac{21}{2}\zeta(3)$$

REPLY [7 votes]: Integrating by parts twice, we get
$$
\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\,e^{ikx}\,\mathrm{d}x
=i^{k-1}\frac{\pi^2}{4k}+i^k\frac\pi{k^2}+\frac2{k^3}\left(i^{k+1}-i\right)
$$
Therefore, using $\sin(x)=\dfrac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2i}$,
$$
\begin{align}
&\int_0^1\frac{\arcsin^3(x)}{x^2}\mathrm{d}x\\
&=\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{x^3}{\sin^2(x)}\mathrm{d}\sin(x)\\
&=-x^3\csc(x)\Big]_0^{\pi/2}+3\int_0^{\pi/2}\csc(x)\,x^2\,\mathrm{d}x\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}+3\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\,\frac{2ie^{-ix}\,\mathrm{d}x}{1-e^{-2ix}}\tag{$\lozenge$}\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}+6i\sum_{k=0}^\infty\int_0^{\pi/2}x^2\,e^{-(2k+1)ix}\,\mathrm{d}x\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}+6i\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left((-1)^k\frac{\pi^2}{8k+4}-i(-1)^k\frac\pi{(2k+1)^2}-\left((-1)^k-i\right)\frac2{(2k+1)^3}\right)\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}+6\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(\frac{(-1)^k\pi}{(2k+1)^2}-\frac2{(2k+1)^3}\right)\tag{$\ast$}\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}-\frac{21}{2}\zeta(3)+6\pi\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k+1)^2}\\
&=-\frac{\pi^3}{8}-\frac{21}{2}\zeta(3)+6\pi G
\end{align}
$$
where $G$ is Catalan's Constant. In $(\ast)$, we drop the imaginary part (which should be $0$).
There is a question about the convergence in $(\lozenge)$. To handle this, we can consider
$$
x^2\frac{2ie^{-ix}}{1-e^{-2ix}}=\lim_{r\to1^-}x^2\frac{2ire^{-ix}}{1-r^2e^{-2ix}}
$$
and the convergence in the sums is uniform as $r\to1^-$.