TITLE: If $\phi(n)$ divides $n-1$, prove that $n$ is a product of distinct prime numbers
QUESTION [8 upvotes]: If $\phi(n)$ divides $n-1$, prove that $n$ is a product of distinct prime numbers (such as number is also called square-free, as it is divisible by no square greater than $1$).

REPLY [11 votes]: If $\displaystyle n=\prod_ip_i^{e_i}$, then $\displaystyle\phi(n)=\prod_i(p_i-1)p_i^{e_i-1}$
Therefore,
$$
\frac{n-1}{\phi(n)}\prod_ip_i^{e_i-1}(p_i-1)=n-1
$$
If any $e_i\gt1$, then $p_i^{e_i-1}$ divides both $n$ and $n-1$. Contradiction.