TITLE: Showing there's no closed-form: $\sum_{n=0}^\infty(-1)^n\frac{\cos^2({3^nx})}{3^n}$
QUESTION [11 upvotes]: Problem_

Compute $$\sum_{n=0}^\infty(-1)^n\frac{\cos^2({3^nx})}{3^n}$$

The problem is pretty simple, but it was hard for me to segregate into the partial fractions(I wanted to make a form of telescoping). 
Hmmmm... My attempts were:
$$\sum_{n\ge0}(-1)^n\frac{\cos^2({3^nx})}{3^n}=\sum_{n\ge0}(-1)^n\frac{1+\cos(2\cdot3^nx)}{2\cdot3^n}={1\over2}\sum_{n\ge0}\left(-{1\over3}\right)^n+\Re \sum_{n\ge0}\frac{(-1)^ne^{i\cdot2\cdot3^nx}}{2\cdot3^n}$$
From here, could you please suggest me the idea in order to continue the calculation? I still cannot solve the series 
$$\sum_{n\ge0}\frac{(-1)^ne^{i\cdot2\cdot3^nx}}{2\cdot3^n}$$
because there is another exponents in the exponents of the natural constant $e$. I'm also pleasure to have a hint in a different perspective. Thanks for your interest.
[EDIT_1] I surely think that there must be some typo on the given series - for example, mistyping $\pi$ as $x$ as SangchulLee and DougM mentioned through the comments, or the location of $n$(such as $3nx\rightarrow3^nx$). But I suddenly wanted to deeply focus on this series, and I just started to doubtful about the existence of closed-form of it. Furthermore, just for the curious of math, if there's no closed-form, I want to prove that. 
[EDIT_2] It's also welcome to suggest another possible typo. I'm still waiting the various opinions, suggestions, ideas, and creative solutions of the series. Besides, I'm also wondering whether there is a typical method to prove that the given series has no closed-form. 
[EDIT_3] Can we evaluate the series with exponents in the denominator?
I recommend to skim what I've discussed so far. You don't have to reply all the questions. Thanks for your interest one more time.

REPLY [9 votes]: Comment extended to a "not an answer" answer per request.
There is another possible form of typo
$$\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{\cos^{\color{red}{3}}(3^n x)}{3^n}$$
which sums to a closed form.
Start from the triple angle formula for cosine, 
$$\cos(3\theta) = 4\cos^3\theta - 3\cos\theta
\quad\iff\quad\cos^3\theta = \frac34\left[\cos\theta + \frac{\cos(3\theta)}{3}\right]$$
We have
$$\begin{align}
(-1)^n\frac{\cos^3(3^n x)}{3^n} 
&= (-1)^n \frac34\left[\frac{\cos(3^n x)}{3^n}
 + \frac{\cos(3^{n+1}(x)}{3^{n+1}}\right]\\
&= \frac34\left[
(-1)^n \frac{\cos(3^n x)}{3^n}
- (-1)^{n+1} \frac{\cos(3^{n+1} x)}{3^{n+1}}
\right]\end{align}
$$
This allows us to turn the sum into a telescoping sum. The end result is
$$\sum_{n=0}^\infty (-1)^n \frac{\cos^3(3^n x)}{3^n} = \frac34 \times (-1)^0  \frac{\cos(3^0 x)}{3^0} = \frac34 \cos(x)$$