TITLE: Why not introduce quotient groups this way?
QUESTION [7 upvotes]: $\DeclareMathOperator{\Ker}{Ker}$
Hopefully this question won't be too vague, naive, or have incorrect information. 
I am taking an algebra class (using Robert Ash's algebra text) and we have finished the first groups theory sections and I have been looking it over, especially the isomorphism theorems and kernels/normal subgroups. It just so happens that I started reading a paper a little before I started looking over the group which defines kernels of a function in a different way than it is defined in group theory. 
First we will define the kernel in the paper. Let $f:S \to U$ be a function and $\Ker f$ will be the partition induced on $S$ by the equivelence relation $\sim$ defined by $a \sim b \iff f(a)=f(b)$. Unless I am mistaken, $\Ker f$ where $f$ is a group homomorphism $G \to H$ is the set $G/\ker f$ (I am pretty sure you can actually use any element of $\Ker f$ as the quotient). In my mind, $\Ker$ seems like a more natural concept to come up with and "more directly" explains the first isomorphism theorem, at least at first blush. By "more directly" I guess I mean you don't have to pass through defining normal subgroups, the typical group kernel, or even cosets.
Is there a reason why the concept of $\ker$ seems to be favored more than $\Ker$?
In an attempt to think of why I came up with a few potential things, but not sure how valid they are. One is that you don't need to develop cosets for this and cosets are more useful than just objects for quotient group, but I suspect from the concept of $\Ker$ one could better motivate looking at cosets (although I am not sure how). Another thought I have is that maybe notationally and conceptually it becomes more useful to think of $G/N$, especially when you are given a normal subgroup or need to remove/preserve some properties. Then again I feel like $\Ker$ could motivate those concepts, so I am not sure if these are great arguments against $\Ker$.

REPLY [3 votes]: I teach a first course of Algebra to Maths majors, and my first approach to quotient structures (groups, rings, etc.) is exactly the same. Only later in the course I show that all equivalence relations that are compatible with the operations are congruences modulo a normal subgroup, an ideal, etc.
It is certainly a matter of opinion, but the first examples I deal with are cyclic groups and simple extensions of fields, and this approach seems to me perfectly adequate, because the students can see immediately how these are related to  congruences they are already familiar with.
Clearly the normal subgroups, ideals, etc. stuff will come handy later!