TITLE: Closed form of $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{J_0(2n)}{n^2}$
QUESTION [19 upvotes]: I'm new in the area of the series involving Bessel function of the first kind. What are
the usual tools you would recommend me for computing such a series? Thanks.
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{J_0(2n)}{n^2}$$

REPLY [6 votes]: We could seemingly use Olivier Oloa's approach to also evaluate $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} {\color{red}{(-1)^{n-1}}} \frac{J_{0}(2n)}{n^{2}} \tag{1}.$$
But I thought it might be worthwhile to mention that $(1)$ can also be evaluated using the residue theorem from complex analysis.
The first thing to recognize is that $J_{0}(z)$ is an entire function.
Now let $a$ be a positive parameter, and consider the contour integral $$\int_{|z|=N+\frac{1}{2}} \frac{\pi \csc(\pi z)J_{0}(2az)}{z^{2}} \, dz. $$
As $\text{Im}(z) \to + \infty$, the magnitude of $\csc(\pi z)$ decays like $2 e^{- \pi \,  \text{Im}(z)}$.
And as $\text{Im}(z) \to - \infty$, the magnitude of $\csc(\pi z)$ decays like $2 e^{\pi \,  \text{Im}(z)}$.
Combining this with the asymptotic behavior of $J_{0}(z)$ as $|z| \to \infty$, we can conclude that that as $N \to \infty$ discretely, the contour integral will vanish if $0 < a \le \frac{\pi}{2}$.
(And since $J_{0}(0)=1$, the contour integral will also vanish if $a=0$.)
Summing the residues, and using the fact that $\pi \csc(\pi z)$ has simple poles at the integers with residues that alternate between $1$ and $-1$, we get $$0=2 \pi i \left( -2 \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n-1} \frac{J_{0}(2an)}{n^{2}} + \text{Res} \left[\frac{\pi \csc(\pi z)J_{0}(2az)}{z^{2}},0 \right] \right). $$
But $$ \begin{align}\frac{\pi \csc(\pi z)J_{0}(2az)}{z^{2}} &= \frac{1}{z^{2}} \left(\frac{1}{z} + \zeta(2) z + \mathcal{O}(z^{3})\right) \left(1-a^{2}z^{2} + \mathcal{O}(z^{4}) \right) \tag{2} \\ &=\frac{1}{z^{3}} + \frac{{\color{red}{\zeta(2) - a^{2}}}}{z} + \mathcal{O}(z) . \end{align}$$
Therefore, $$\text{Res} \left[\frac{\pi \csc(\pi z)J_{0}(2az)}{z^{2}},0 \right] = \zeta(2) - a^{2} = \frac{\pi^{2}}{6}-a^{2}, $$
and
$$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n-1} \frac{J_{0}(2an)}{n^{2}} = \frac{\pi^{2}}{12} - \frac{a^{2}}{2} \, , \quad 0 \le a \le \frac{\pi}{2}. $$
(Since $J_{0}(x)$ is an even function, $(3)$ actually holds for $ -\frac{\pi}{2} \le a \le \frac{\pi}{2}$.)

$(2)$ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions#Series_definitions

EDIT:
More generally, if $\alpha_{k}$ is a real parameter, $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n-1} \frac{\prod_{k=1}^{m} J_{0}(2 \alpha_{k}n) }{n^{2}} = \frac{\pi^{2}}{12} - \frac{\sum_{k=1}^{m}\alpha_{k}^{2}}{2}  \, , \quad \sum_{k=1}^{m} \left| \alpha_{k} \right| \le \frac{\pi}{2}. $$