TITLE: Mathematics and literature
QUESTION [13 upvotes]: Are there novels (or other kinds of books) that include substantial references to topics and ideas closely related to mathematics (even if there are no explicit references to theorems, proofs, ...)?

REPLY [2 votes]: The Baroque Cycle
The Baroque Cycle by Neal Stephenson is a series of three novels that includes as characters Newton, Leibniz, and other historical figures involved in the amazing math and science breakthroughs of the period.