TITLE: $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1{n^6}=\frac{\pi^6}{945}$ by Fourier series of $x^2$
QUESTION [5 upvotes]: Prove that
  $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1{n^6}=\frac{\pi^6}{945}$$ by the Fourier series of $x^2$.

By Parseval's identity, I can only show $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1{n^4}=\frac{\pi^4}{90}$. Could you please give me some hints?

REPLY [3 votes]: Considering $f(x)=x^3$ By Parseval identity we can prove that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^6}=\frac{\pi^6}{945}$.
Then $$a_0=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)dx=0,$$$$a_n=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\cos(nx)dx=0$$ and \begin{align}b_n&=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}f(x)\sin(nx)dx\\&=(-1)^{n+1}\frac{2\pi^2}{n}+(-1)^{n}\frac{12\pi}{n^3}\end{align}
From the relation $$\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}|f|^2dx=\frac{a_0}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^\infty(a_n^2+b_n^2)$$we get \begin{align}\sum_{n=1}^\infty(\frac{144}{n^6}+\frac{4\pi^4}{n^2}-\frac{48\pi^2}{n^4})=\frac{2\pi^6}{7}\end{align}$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{144}{n^6}=\frac{16\pi^6}{105}$$ $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n^6}=\frac{\pi^6}{945}$$