TITLE: How to show that $\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\bigg|\frac{1}{n}S_n-f(n)\bigg|>\varepsilon\right)=0$
QUESTION [5 upvotes]: Consider a collection of independent events $(X_i)$ with $\mathbb{I}_{X_i}$ being the indicator random variable for $X_i$.
Let $$f(n)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbb{P}(X_i)\quad\text{and}\quad S_n=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbb{I}_{X_i}.$$
I'm interested in showing that
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\bigg|\frac{1}{n}S_n-f(n)\bigg|>\varepsilon\right)=0,\quad\forall\varepsilon>0$$ (in other words show convergence in probability).
My second attempt: (using the hints given in the comments below)
Let $\varepsilon>0$.
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\bigg|\frac{1}{n}S_n-f(n)\bigg|>\varepsilon\right)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{1}{n}\bigg|\sum_{i=1}^{n}\big[\mathbb{I}_{X_i}-\mathbb{P}(X_i)\big]\bigg|>\varepsilon\right)$$
Let us use the Chebyshev's inequality, i.e., $\mathbb{P}(|Y|\geq a)\leq\frac{\mathbb{E}(Y^2)}{a^2}$ which leads to
\begin{align}
\lim_{n\to\infty}\mathbb{P}\left(\frac{1}{n}\bigg|\sum_{i=1}^{n}\big[\mathbb{I}_{X_i}-\mathbb{P}(X_i)\big]\bigg|>\varepsilon\right)& \leq\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{\mathbb{E}\bigg(\frac{1}{n^2}\big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbb{I}_{X_i}-\mathbb{P}(X_i)\big)^2\bigg)}{n\varepsilon}\\
& =\lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{\mathbb{E}\bigg(\big(\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbb{I}_{X_i}-\mathbb{P}(X_i)\big)^2\bigg)}{n^2\varepsilon}.
\end{align}
Can we argue that as the term $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\mathbb{I}_{X_i}-\mathbb{P}(X_i)$ is just a summation of numbers, the expectation is constant and so taking the limit of $\frac{\text{constant}}{n^2}$ is equal to zero?
I'd appreciate any hints or help.

REPLY [2 votes]: For $0\le p \le1,$ you have $p(1-p)\le 1/4.$
$$
\operatorname{var} (\mathbb I_i) = \Pr(\mathbb I_i=1)\Pr(\mathbb I_i = 0) \le \frac 1 4.
$$
$$
\operatorname{var}\left( \frac {S_n} n \right) = \frac 1 {n^2} \sum_{i=1}^n \operatorname{var} (\mathbb I_i) \le \frac 1 {4n}.
$$
Now proceed as when using Chebyshev's inequality to prove the weak law of large numbers.