TITLE: Simple example of non-arithmetic ring (non-distributive ideal lattice)
QUESTION [14 upvotes]: Can anyone provide a simple concrete example of a non-arithmetic commutative and unitary ring (i.e., a commutative and unitary ring in which the lattice of ideals is non-distributive)?

REPLY [10 votes]: Hint $ $ Distributivity easily yields that a finitely generated ideal is $\,1\,$ if it contains a cancellable element $\rm\,u\,$ that is $\rm\,lcm$-coprime to the generators. For example, for a $2$-generated ideal $\rm\,(x,y)$
Lemma $\,\ $ If $\rm\ x,\,y\,$ and cancellable $\rm\,u\,$ are elements of an arithmetical ring then $$\rm\ \begin{array}{}\rm (u)\cap(x)\ =\ (u\,x)\\ \rm (u)\cap(y)\ =\ (u\,y)\end{array}\ \ \ and\ \ \ (u) \subseteq (x,y)\ \ \Rightarrow\ \ (x,y) = 1$$
Proof $\rm\ \ (u) = (u)\cap(x,y) = (u)\cap(x) + (u)\cap(y) = u\ (x,y)\,$ so $\rm\,(x,y)=1\,$ by cancelling $\rm\,u$
Remark $ $ Thus to prove that a domain is not arithmetical it suffices to exhibit elements  that violate the Lemma. That is easy, e.g. put $\rm\ u = x+y\ $ for $\rm\ x,y \in \mathbb Q[x,y]\,,\, $ or $\rm\ x,\,y=2\in \mathbb Z[x]\,.$
Arithmetical domains are much better known as Prüfer domains. They are non-Noetherian generalizations of Dedekind domains. Their ubiquity stems from a remarkable confluence of interesting characterizations. For example, they are those domains satisfying: $\rm CRT$ (Chinese Remainder Theorem) for ideals, or Gauss's Lemma for polynomial content ideals, or for ideals: $\rm\ A\cap (B + C) = A\cap B + A\cap C\,,\  $ or the $\rm\, GCD\cdot LCM\,$ law: $\rm\, (A + B)\ (A \cap B) = A\ B\,,\ $ or $\,$ "contains $\rm\Rightarrow$ divides" $\rm\ A\supset B\ \Rightarrow\ A\,|\,B\ $ for finitely generated $\rm\,A\,$ etc. It's been estimated that there are over $100$ known characterizations, e.g. see my prior answer for close to $30$ interesting such.