TITLE: series expansion of the q-Pochhammer symbol
QUESTION [6 upvotes]: The following identity arose while I was working on a recent MO question:
$-\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\frac{(-x)^n}{1-x^n}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\frac{x^n}{1-x^{2n}}.$
I have no doubt that the identity is true, but I am not able to prove it. Can anyone help?
It is easy to prove by Taylor expansion that the left-hand-side of the identity can equivalently be written as $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\ln(1+x^n)$, which is the logarithm of the q-Pochhammer symbol $(-x,x)_{\infty}$, so an alternative way to pose my question is to ask for a proof of the series expansion
$\ln(-x,x)_{\infty}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\frac{x^{n}}{1-x^{2n}}.$

REPLY [6 votes]: I would make a mere comment since Gjergji has already answered, but I am not allowed to make comments.

... so an alternative way to pose my question is to ask for a proof of the series expansion
  $\ln(-x,x)_{\infty}=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\frac{x^{n}}{1-x^{2n}}$.

This is a corollary of Euler's theorem that the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts is equal to the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts.  In terms of generating functions, Euler's theorem is just
$(-x,x)_{\infty}=\frac{1}{(x,x^2)_\infty}$, which can be easily proved by replacing the
term $(1+x^i)$ in $(-x,x)_\infty$ by $\frac{1-x^{2i}}{1-x^i}$ and cancelling all the terms in
the numerator against the corresponding terms in the denominator. By Euler's theorem,
$\ln \left( (-x,x)_{\infty}\right) =\ln\left( \frac{1}{(x,x^2)_\infty}\right)
=\sum_{i=1}^\infty \ln \left( \frac{1}{1-x^{2i-1}} \right)
=\sum_{i=1}^\infty \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1 n x^{n (2i-1)}$ 
$=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \sum_{i=1}^\infty \frac 1 n x^{n (2i-1)}$ 
$
=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1 n \frac{x^n}{1-x^{2n}}
$.