TITLE: Cool problems to impress students with group theory
QUESTION [162 upvotes]: Since this forum is densely populated with algebraists, I think I'll ask it here.
I'm teaching intermediate level algebra this semester and I'd like to entertain my students with some clever applications of group theory. So, I'm looking for problems satisfying the following 4 conditions
1) It should be stated in the language having nothing whatsoever to do with groups/rings/other algebraic notions.
2) It should have a slick easy to explain (but not necessarily easy to guess) solution using finite (preferrably non-abelian) groups.
3) It shouldn't have an obvious alternative elementary solution (non-obvious alternative elementary solutions are OK).
4) It should look "cute" to an average student (or, at least, to a person who is curious about mathematics but has no formal education).
An example I know that, in my opinion, satisfies all 4 conditions is the problem of tiling a given region with given polyomino (with the solution that the boundary word should be the identity element for the tiling to be possible and various examples when it is not but the trivial area considerations and standard colorings do not show it immediately) 
I'm making it community wiki but, of course, you are more than welcome to submit more than one problem per post.
Thanks in advance!

REPLY [3 votes]: How about Galois theorem that a prime degree equation is solvable if and only if all the roots are rational functions in two of the roots. I have read that Galois stated it this way, so that the statement does not involve the notion of a  solvable group, but the proof uses the result that a transitive subgroup of $S_p$ ($p$ prime), is contained in the normalizer of the group generated by a $p$-cycle.