TITLE: Why are optimization problems often called "programs"?
QUESTION [33 upvotes]: Why are optimization problems often called programs?

linear programming
geometric programming
convex programming
Integer programming
...

REPLY [2 votes]: Solving an optimization problem is not programming in any sense. However, the results of the optimization are then used as key factors in the making of decision related to resources or strategy. And that is the "programming" part.
So this is a case of metonymy: naming something after something else which has an associated meaning.
Although linear programming does precede computer programming, the term program as a "list of things to be done" precedes linear programming!
For instance, a symphony orchestra's formal concert performance has a program. This is very much like a computer program. First we play this, then we play that, then there is an intermission, and so forth. A copy of the program is usually available to members of the audience.
The word program is made up of "pro" (beforehand) and "gram" (write): literally writing something down before doing it with the intent of closely sticking with what is written.
Once we have solved the optimization problem, then we chart a "program" for our organization to take specific steps with specific resources.