TITLE: What is a "scholium"?
QUESTION [22 upvotes]: In a paper I'm working on, I'm tempted to write something like: 

Note that the argument above also proves the following result:
Scholium. bla bla

Is this ok? Is it correct to say that a "scholium" is a "corollary of a proof"?

REPLY [14 votes]: Bourbaki defines a "scholie" in the preface of the Éléments de mathématiques as follows:

Sous le nom de « scholie », on trouvera quelquefois un commentaire d'un théorème particulièrement important.

I.e., a scholium (for Bourbaki) is a commentary to a particularly important theorem.
There aren't many in the treaty, but those that are seem to be non-mathematical, or meta-mathematical: essentially, they are a guidance on how to use the theorem or when to apply it, or an indication of a general proof technique.  Something like "this theorem is useful for deriving results about foobars from the general theory of bazquxes by applying the frobnification functor and using the theorem to transfer the property".  Not something formalizable as a mathematical statement.
Examples of scholia in Bourbaki are in A IV §2 nº3 or FVR VI §1 nº1 or INT IX §1 nº8.  There is also one in AC VIII §3 nº3, but the latter seems to be just a corollary (of a corollary), so apparently younger Bourbaki authors didn't get the memo on what a scholium was supposed to be.