TITLE: groupring morphisms and bialgebra
QUESTION [6 upvotes]: Let $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$ be two groups. Suppose that we have a morphism $\mathbb{Z}[G_{1}]\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}[G_{2}] $ of bialgebras is it true that this morphism comes from a morphism of groups $G_{1}\rightarrow G_{2}$ ?
In case when the answer is "no", is it true that if $\mathbb{Z}[G_{1}]\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}[G_{2}] $ is an isomorphism of rings then there exists an isomorphism of bialgebras $\mathbb{Z}[G_{1}]\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}[G_{2}] $ ?

REPLY [5 votes]: I will show that any bialgebra homomorphism $\mathbb QM_1\to \mathbb QM_2$ of monoid algebras is induced by a monoid homomorphism $M_1\to M_2$.  This will imply what the OP wants.
An element $g$ of a bialgebra is called group-like if $\Delta(g)=g\otimes g$ and $\eta(g)=1$ where $\eta$ is the counit. It is well known that the group-like elements are linearly independent and form a monoid (cf. Lemma 2.1 http://www.math.wisc.edu/~passman/balgebra.pdf). 
If $M$ is a monoid then the elements of $M$ are group-like in the monoid algebra and from the above linear independence they are the only group-like elements. 
Since bialgebra morphisms  preserve grouplikes it follows any bialgebra morphism of monoid algebras is inducted by a monoid homomorphism. Hence any bialgebra morphism of group algebras is induced by a group homomorphism.

REPLY [4 votes]: Your first claim is true even if you substitute $\mathbb{Z}$ with any integral domain $\Bbbk$. Actually what is true is that we have a bijection
$$\text{Bialg}_\Bbbk(\Bbbk[G],B)\cong\text{Mon}(G,\mathcal{G}(B))$$
where $\mathcal{G}(B)$ denotes the monoid of group-like elements in $B$ and $B$ is a $\Bbbk$-algebra via a ring homomorphism $\gamma:\Bbbk\to B$.
Notice that if $f:\Bbbk[G]\to B$ is a morphism of bialgebras then the relations
\begin{gather}
\Delta_B(f(g))=(f\otimes_\Bbbk f)(\Delta_{\Bbbk[G]}(g))=f(g)\otimes_\Bbbk f(g), \\
\varepsilon_B(f(g))=\varepsilon_{\Bbbk[G]}(g)=1_{\Bbbk},
\end{gather}
imply that $f(g)$ is group-like in $B$ for every $g\in G$. Thus we may (co)restrict $f$ to $f':G\to \mathcal{G}(B)$, which gives the assignment from left to right.
Conversely, every morphism of monoids $f:G\to \mathcal{G}(B)$ can be extended in a unique way to a morphism of $\Bbbk$-algebras $F:\Bbbk[G]\to B$ by letting
$$F\left(\sum_{g\in G}k_gg\right)=\sum_{g\in G}\gamma(k_g)f(g)$$
and this turns out to be a morphism of bialgebras.
If you take $B=\Bbbk[H]$ for $H$ another group, then you may check that $\mathcal{G}(\Bbbk[H])=H$ (here you should need the integral domain hypothesis).
About the question you asked in the comments, every $\Bbbk$-bialgebra morphism $ f:A\to B$ between Hopf algebras preserves the antipodes as both $fS_A$ and $S_Bf$ are convolution inverses of $f$ in $\text{Hom}_\Bbbk(A,B)$ (see also Sweedler, Hopf algebras, Lemma 4.0.4).
To complete Benjamin answer to your last question, in this paper you may find an example of two non-isomorphic groups whose group algebras are instead isomorphic.