TITLE: Fake integers for which the Riemann hypothesis fails?
QUESTION [73 upvotes]: This question is partly inspired by David Stork's recent question about the enigmatic complexity of number theory. Are there algebraic systems which are similar enough to the integers that one can formulate a "Riemann hypothesis" but for which the Riemann hypothesis is false?  One motivation for constructing such things would be to illustrate the barriers to proving the Riemann hypothesis, and another one would be to illustrate how "delicate" the Riemann hypothesis is (i.e., that it's not something that automatically follows from very general considerations).
I've run across various zeta functions over the years, but I seem to recall that either the Riemann hypothesis is probably/provably true, or the zeta function is too unlike the classical zeta function to yield much insight.
More generally, what happens if we replace "Riemann hypothesis" with some other famous theorem or conjecture of number theory that seems to be "delicate"?  Can we construct interesting systems where the result fails to hold?

REPLY [3 votes]: In 1936, Davenport and Heilbronn studied certain Dirichlet series with zeros off the critical line.  The Davenport–Heilbronn function $f(s)$ may be defined as follows. Let
$$\alpha = {\sqrt{10 -2\sqrt{5}} - 2 \over \sqrt{5}-1}$$
and let $\chi$ be a character modulo 5 such that $\chi(2) = i$. Then let
$$f(s) = {1 - i\alpha\over 2}\sum_{n=1}^\infty {\chi(n)\over n^s}
  + {1 + i\alpha\over 2}\sum_{n=1}^\infty {\bar\chi(n)\over n^s}.$$
It can be shown that $f(s)$ satisfies a functional equation $g(s) = g(1-s)$ where
$$g(x) = \biggl({\pi \over 5}\biggr)^{-s/2}\Gamma\biggl({s+1\over 2}\biggr)f(s).$$
There is a catch, though, which is that there is no Euler product, so one might object that $f(s)$ is not the "zeta function of fake integers."
For more information, see for example
Zeros of the Davenport–Heilbronn counterexample by Eugenio P. Balanzaro and Jorge Sánchez-Ortiz, Math. Comp. 76 (2007), 2045–2049 or
On the zeros of the Davenport–Heilbronn function by S. A. Gritsenko,
Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 296 (2017), 65–87.